cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contribution of the cytoskeleton to the compressive properties and recovery behavior of single cells.

The cytoskeleton is known to play an important role in the biomechanical nature and structure of cells, but its particular function in compressive characteristics has not yet been fully examined. This study focused on the contribution of the main three cytoskeletal elements to the bulk compressive stiffness (as measured by the compressive modulus), volumetric or apparent compressibility changes (as further indicated by apparent Poisson's ratio), and recovery behavior of individual chon- drocytes. Before mechanical testing, cytochalasin D, acrylamide, or colchicine was used to disrupt actin microfilaments, interme- diate filaments, or microtubules, respectively. Cells were subjected to a range of compressive strains and allowed to recover to equilibrium. Analysis of the video recording for each mechanical event yielded relevant compressive properties and recovery characteristics related to the specific cytoskeletal disrupting agent and as a function of applied axial strain. Inhibition of actin microfilaments had the greatest effect on bulk compressive stiffness (~50% decrease compared to control). Meanwhile, interme- diate filaments and microtubules were each found to play an integral role in either the diminution (compressibility) or retention (incompressibility) of original cell volume during compression. In addition, microtubule disruption had the largest effect on the ''critical strain threshold'' in cellular mechanical behavior (33% decrease compared to control), as well as the characteristic time for recovery (~100% increase compared to control). Elucidating the role of the cytoskeleton in the compressive biomechan- ical behavior of single cells is an important step toward understanding the basis of mechanotransduction and the etiology of cellular disease processes.
The hydrological response of headwater and sideslope areas / La réponse hydrologique des zones de cours supérieurs et des zones de pente latérale

Abstract This paper shows that the hydrological response of convergent headwater and divergent sideslope areas, within a broadly homogenous basin, may be expected to be significantly different. A field study of three headwater and two sideslope areas of the order of 0.25 km2 in the Crimple Beck catchment, Yorkshire, England, is described. Spatial variations in gauged rainfall inputs to the sub-basin areas are shown to be small relative to differences in hydrological response. Results from winter and spring storms show that the headwater areas will generally provide significantly higher and earlier peak flows per unit area, and more total storm discharge, than the sideslope areas. Areas of surface saturation of the soil are most commonly found during and between storms in convergent hollow areas associated with ephemeral channels, expanding as variable contributing areas of surface flow during storm rainfall. In this basin, however, there was also a tendency for both headwater and sideslope sub-basins to g...
The loss of Fc surface receptors by erythroleukemic cells following stimulation to differentiate.

Abstract Uninduced Friend virus-infected erythroleukemic cells (FLC) have been shown to carry the Fc receptor for immunoglobulin when assayed for their ability to form rosettes with antibody-coated sheep erythrocytes (EA-IgG). Cells induced to differentiate with dimethylsulfoxide (Me 2 SO), ultimately lose the ability to form rosettes with EA-IgG. Hence, it appears that the ability of FLC to form rosettes with EA-IgG is due to the precursor cell surface components which are either masked or lost following Me 2 SO-mediated induction as mature erythrocyte-specific membrane antigens appear. This suggestion is supported by a decrease in the number of Friend progenitor cells capable of binding fluorescein-conjugated antibodies, produced in rabbits against mouse gamma globulin, following Me 2 SO-induced differentiation.
Rational choice without closure: the microfoundations of virtuous cycles and vicious circles

Economic stories with a rational choice structure usually entail closure or equilibrium. This paper argues that Knightian uncertainty and Kirznerian alertness allow economists to construct plausible accounts of open-ended processes such as virtuous cycles and vicious circles without abandoning the centrality of instrumental rationality. The basic form of such stories is explored and two example cases are put forward.
Mixed hearing loss in Larsen syndrome

A mixed bilateral hearing loss is described in a child with classical Larsen syndrome. The presence of a residual conductive loss after successful placement of ventilating tubes suggests that the conductive loss is due to an ossicular abnormality. In Larsen syndrome, characterized by multiple joint dislocations and bony malformations, the ossicular joints may also be affected.
The premixed flame in a counterflow

Abstract We examine a premixed flame located in a counterflow of fresh cold mixture and hot burnt gas, the latter at a temperature close to that of adiabatic deflagration. A constant density, high activation energy model is adopted, and the steady state response depends essentially on two parameters, the Lewis number, and the temperature of the remote hot gas. If the second is sufficiently small, the response of flame position to changes in straining rate is a variation on the familiar S-shaped response for systems that display ignition and extinction. The possible implications for a flammability-limit model are discussed. The stability of the steady state under the influence of one-dimensional disturbances is examined in detail, using the numerical method of weighted residuals.
Probability density functions for SNIR in DS-CDMA

Analytical expressions for the probability density function of block-wise signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio for both synchronous and asynchronous direct-sequence spread spectrum code-division multiple access systems are developed, for equal average energy signals on the Gaussian and Rayleigh flat fading channels. Using the standard Gaussian approximation for multi-user interference, accurate density approximations are obtained, which agree very well with computer simulation results.
Norepinephrine producing renal cell carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma has been associated with a variety of paraneoplastic symptoms and signs, and hence has been described as the internist’s tumor. Hypertension is one of the most common of these paraneoplastic signs. Renal cell carcinoma has also been associated with ectopic hormone production, which has included renin, erythropoietin, insulin, glucagon and parathyroid hormone. 1 We report a case of hypertension due to the ectopic production of norepinephrine from renal cell carcinoma.
Perspectives on assessment through teaching portfolios in computer science

How good is your teaching of Computer Science (CS)? If you asked this question of your Computer Science colleagues in an anonymous questionnaire. it would be quite common for most. if not all. to answer “average’”, “above average” or “excellent.” In questionnaires of this sort, it is typical for no one to identify themselves as “below average.”’ This cannot. of course, be true. So the question remains: How good is your teaching of Computer Science? A common answer to this question is obtained through student course evaluations The average response to a question like “HOW do you rate this professor’s teaching as compared to all others that you have had at this university?” is taken as the ultimate answer to this question. Student course evaluations do provide one perspective on our teaching abilities. The astute teacher realizes that this is just one perspective and that these numbers can be manipulated. Students frequently rate professors higher If they present “entertaining” lectures without regard to the amount of learning that may have occurred, Factors like the number of tests per semester can inordinately affect these judgments. There are other assessment techniques that provide different perspectives: peer evaluations, surveys of alumni satisfaction. questionnaires assessing employers’ satisfactions, etc Each of these has its own limitations: peer evaluations generally are the result of a few class visits, alumni satisfaction levels are difficult to ascribe to a particular faculty member, etc. The search for a more comprehensive, and hopefully more accurate, assessment methods has led us to an investigation and application ofteachinz v ortfolios. In this report we describe this effort that M now m Its third year. We will examine it from the perspective of five faculty members teaching computer science: a first year teacher. a teacher nearing tenure, two tenured faculty at the main campus. and a tenured teacher at a regional (two year) campus.
Thyroid Hormone-Responsive Genes in Developing Cerebellum Include a Novel Synaptotagmin and a hairless Homolog

Proper development of the mammalian CNS requires sufficient thyroid hormone; thyroid hormone deficiency during a brief perinatal period produces severe neurological defects in humans and experimental animals. Thyroid hormone exerts its effects through nuclear receptors, which modulate the transcription of downstream genes in response to hormone binding. Surprisingly, few genes that are regulated by thyroid hormone receptors in the CNS have been described. Here, I report the isolation and characterization of genes that are expressed in response to thyroid hormone in developing rat brain. One such gene ( Srg1 ) encodes a novel protein related to synaptotagmin, a protein involved in regulating neurotransmitter release; another ( hr ) encodes a putative zinc finger protein related to the product of a recently identified mouse gene, hairless . Both Srg1 and hr are induced rapidly ( Srg1 and hr is characteristic of genes important to nervous system development. Srg1 and hr are likely part of a cascade of gene activation induced by thyroid hormone that is critical for CNS organization and development.
Modeling and identifying 3-D color textures

A model that characterizes the appearance of textured color surfaces in three dimensions is developed. The model is derived from properties of surfaces and the physics of image formation. The color texture model describes the dependence of the spatial correlations within and between bands of a color image on surface reflectance, illumination, and the scene geometry. It is shown that there are important advantages in using color information for texture analysis. From the authors' model, an algorithm for recognizing instances of color textures independent of scene geometry is derived. This algorithm is useful for the recognition of three-dimensional objects and the segmentation of color images of three-dimensional scenes. Experimental results are provided to confirm the model and to illustrate the performance of the algorithm. >
Promise of Nanotechnology in Biomedical Applications

Copyright: © 2012 Shokeen M. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The development of nanotechnology has invigorated material sciences research such that innovative nanoscale platforms are being rapidly designed to tackle the classical challenges of biomedical sciences. An enhanced theoretical understanding of quantum physics and tunable synthetic methodologiesis driving design of smart nanoscale structures that bridge the gap between the macroscopic world and molecular-level detail. The interdisciplinary nature of nanotechnology is paving the way for further progress in cellular biology and clinical and basic sciences. Generally, nanoscale agents have structural features ranging from 1 to 100 nm, a length regime where unique particle properties can be harnessed for various applications. For example, in spherical nanoscale objects the surface area-to-volume ratio decreases with increasing sphere radius, a property that leads to high internal packaging capacity that is currently being utilized for therapeutic and in vivo imaging applications [1]. In oncology, the use of nanotechnology based drug-delivery systems is proving to be superior to traditional chemotherapeutic agents as nanoparticles can be tuned for better bioavailability and favorable pharmacokinetics, leading to reduced toxicity and enhanced efficacy [2]. Additionally, nanoparticles have opened up new avenues for cancer therapy, such as photodynamic and hyperthermia treatments [3]. One of the quests in cancer diagnostics is to detect cancer cells sensitively and selectively at very early stages of the disease. Nanoparticles are attractive probes for accomplishing these goals [4]. Nanoparticles can be designed to be multifunctional and as such are being diversely used as multimodal, targeted platforms, bringing us closer to the reality of personalized medicine [5,6].
Simulation of cooperative control system tasks using hedonistic multi-agents

As control system complexity increases, scalability often becomes a limiting constraint. Distributed systems and multi-agent systems are useful approaches in designing complex systems, but communications for coordination are often a limiting factor as systems scale up. Colonies of social insects achieve synergistic results beneficial to the entire colony even though their individual behaviors can be described by simple hedonistic algorithms, and their available communications are very limited. Cooperative actions emerge from simple fixed action patterns in these insects. Complex control systems formed from a multitude of simpler agents or subsystems, with constrained and limited communications channels may also achieve emergent cooperation. Advantages of such systems are reduced communications complexity, and reduced complexity in any single element of the systems, as well as improved robustness.
The Potential for Insect-Population Suppression by Dominant Conditional Lethal Traits

Calculations are presented to show the possibility of suppressing insect populations by overflooding a native population with individuals bearing dominant conditional lethal traits. If a conditional lethal trait is determined by a single dominant factor fully penetrant in the heterozygotes, then a native population of 100 insects per acre could be eradicated by 3 releases of 12 mutants for every insect in the native population. Comparable results would be achieved with a polyfactorial conditional lethal trait if the hybrids differed from the native population. Since inability to diapause is considered to be an ideal conditional lethal trait for control, hypothetical population models were worked out to determine the impact of releasing boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, carrying an assumed dominant nondiapause trait. If a natural population were reduced by a special schedule of treatments with insecticides to 1 male and 1 female per acre and then overflooded by a factor of 99 of each sex, all carrying the dominant conditional lethal trait, the overwintering population (F4 generation) would be reduced by 99.99%. This reduction would constitute practical eradication. An alternate procedure involving the use of a similar nondiapausing strain that was partially sterilized by irradiation or chemosterilants would avoid economic damage to cotton pending the final eradication of the pest by the conditional lethal trait. In this hypothetical model, a small natural population would be initially overflooded 99:1, and such releases would be continued for 4 generations. The natural population would be effectively suppressed by sterility while the dominant conditional lethal genes were being introduced into the natural population often enough to assure extinction of the population during the winter. The estimated costs show that it will be entirely practical to use these genetic methods for eradication if they can be perfected.
"Which box should I check?": examining standard check box approaches to measuring race and ethnicity.

Objective This study examined methodological concerns with standard approaches to measuring race and ethnicity using the federally defined race and ethnicity categories, as utilized in National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded research.
Forest change and stream fish habitat: lessons from ‘Olde’ and New England

The North Atlantic region has a long history of land use change that has influenced and will continue to influence stream ecosystems and fisheries production. This paper explores and compares the potential consequences of changes in forest cover for fish production in upland, coldwater stream environments in New England, U.S.A. and the British Isles, two regions which share important similarities with respect to overall physical, biotic and socio-economic setting. Both regions were extensively deforested and essentially no extensive old-growth forest stands remain. In New England, recovering forests, consisting almost entirely of naturally-regenerated native species, now cover >60% of the landscape. Associated with this large-scale reforestation, open landscapes, common in the 19th and first half the 20th century, are currently rare and declining in this region. In the British Isles, forests still cover <20% of the landscape, and existing forests largely consist of exotic conifer plantations stocked at high stand densities and harvested at frequent rotations. While forest restoration and conservation is frequently recommended as a fisheries habitat conservation and restoration tool, consideration of the way in which forests affect essential aspects of fish habitat suggests that response of upland stream fish to landscape change is inherently complex. Under certain environmental settings and reforestation practices, conversion of open landscapes to young-mature forests can negatively impact fish production. Further, the effects of re-establishing old-growth forests are difficult to predict for the two regions (due to the current absence of such landscapes), and are likely to depend strongly on the extent to which critical ecosystem attributes (large-scale disturbances, fish migrations, keystone species, large woody debris recruitment) are allowed to be re-established. Understanding these context-dependencies is critical for predicting fish responses, and should help managers set realistic conservation, management and restoration goals. Management may best be served by promoting a diversity of land cover types in a way that emulates natural landscape and disturbance dynamics. This goal presents very different challenges in New England and the British Isles due to differences in current and predicted land use trajectories, along with differences in ecological context and public perception.
Cardiospheres and cardiosphere-derived cells as therapeutic agents following myocardial infarction

Heart disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Cellular therapies hold significant promise for patients with heart disease. Heart-derived progenitor cells are capable of repairing a diseased heart through modulation of growth factor milieu and temporary engraftment leading to endogenous repair. The proof-of-concept CADUCEUS clinical trial using cardiosphere-derived cells has shown evidence of therapeutic cardiac tissue regeneration. Future clinical trials are now being planned to generate additional safety and efficacy data in the hopes of building toward an approved cellular therapy for heart disease.
Optical gyroscope with whispering gallery mode optical cavities

We propose a miniature optical gyroscope based on a waveguide coupled sequence of whispering gallery mode microresonators. Sensitivity of this sensor is expected to be large due to large dispersion of the system.
TAF-like functions of human cytomegalovirus immediate-early proteins.

The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) major immediate-early (IE) proteins IEP86 (IE2(579aa)) and IEP72 (IE1(491aa)) can transcriptionally activate a variety of simple promoters containing a TATA element and one upstream transcription factor binding site. In our previous studies, transcriptional activation was shown to correlate with IEP86 binding to both the TATA-box binding protein (TBP) and the transcription factor bound upstream. IEP72 often synergistically affects the activation by IEP86, although it has not previously been shown to directly interact in vitro with IEP86, TBP, or transcription factors (e.g., Sp1 and Tef-1) bound by IEP86. We report biochemical and genetic evidence suggesting that the major IE proteins may perform a function similar to that of the TBP-associated factors (TAFs) which make up TFIID. Consistent with this model, we found that the major IE proteins interact with a number of TAFs. In vitro, IEP86 bound with drosophila TAF(II)110 (dTAF(II)110) and human TAF(II)130 (hTAF(II)130), while IEP72 bound dTAF(II)40, dTAF(II)110, and hTAF(II)130. Regions on major IE proteins which mediate binding have been defined. In addition, our data indicate that both IEP72 and IEP86 can bind simultaneously to hTAF(II)130, suggesting that this TAF may provide bridging interactions between the two proteins for transcriptional activation and synergy. In agreement, a transcriptional activation mutant of IEP72 is unable to participate in bridging. Confirmation that these in vitro interactions were relevant was provided by data showing that both IEP72 and IEP86 copurify with TFIID and coimmunoprecipitate with purified TFIID derived from infected cell nuclei. To further support a TAF-like function of the IE proteins, we have found that the IE proteins expressed from the intact major IE gene, and to a lesser extent IEP86 alone, can rescue the temperature-sensitive (ts) transcriptional defect in TAF(II)250 in the BHK-21 cell line ts13. Analyses of mutations in the major IE region show that IEP86 is essential for rescue and that IEP72 augments its effect, and that mutations which affect TAF interactions are debilitated in rescue. Our data, showing that the IE proteins can bind with TFIID and rescue a ts transcriptional defect in TAF(II)250, support the model that the IE proteins perform a TAF-like function as components of TFIID.
Cognitive Control in Adolescence: Neural Underpinnings and Relation to Self-Report Behaviors

Background: Adolescence is commonly characterized by impulsivity, poor decision-making, and lack of foresight. However, the developmental neural underpinnings of these characteristics are not well established. Methodology/Principal Findings: To test the hypothesis that these adolescent behaviors are linked to under-developed proactive control mechanisms, the present study employed a hybrid block/event-related functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Stroop paradigm combined with self-report questionnaires in a large sample of adolescents and adults, ranging in age from 14 to 25. Compared to adults, adolescents under-activated a set of brain regions implicated in proactive top-down control across task blocks comprised of difficult and easy trials. Moreover, the magnitude of lateral prefrontal activity in adolescents predicted self-report measures of impulse control, foresight, and resistance to peer pressure. Consistent with reactive compensatory mechanisms to reduced proactive control, older adolescents exhibited elevated transient activity in regions implicated in response-related interference resolution. Conclusions/Significance: Collectively, these results suggest that maturation of cognitive control may be partly mediated by earlier development of neural systems supporting reactive control and delayed development of systems supporting proactive control. Importantly, the development of these mechanisms is associated with cognitive control in real-life behaviors.
Scholars Portal: moving beyond simple metasearch

The Scholars Portal project is a collaborative venture joining seven ARL libraries and a software vendor to develop an integrated Web-based system that connects researchers, instructors and students with appropriate, vetted information resources. The project's initial focus has been on the meta-search "discovery" and direct linking "delivery" tools that provide the software and metadata foundation for the scholars portal. This paper provides the current progress of implementation and plans for the future.
Methane Is the Best Substrate for C(sp3)–H Activation with Cp*(PMe3)Co(Me)(OTf): A Density Functional Theory Study

The chemical inertness of C(sp3)–H bonds has made their functionalization difficult, especially with earth-abundant 3d metals. The mechanism of C–H activation with the Co(III) complex Cp*(PMe3)Co(CH3)(OTf) was studied by DFT at the M06/6-31+G(d) level of theory and was determined to be in very good agreement with experimental data. The Co(III) complex can activate the C–H bond of methane through an oxidative hydrogen migration mechanism with an activation free energy of 32.4 kcal/mol in CH2Cl2. Although C2H6 and c-C6H12 have weaker C–H bonds than CH4, their C–H activation barriers were greater at 34.9 and 45.9 kcal/mol, respectively. The C(sp3)–H and C(sp2)–H activation of this Co(III) complex is primarily driven by the sterics (−E′s) of the substrates and supporting ligands and not the strength of the C–H bond.
Clarence Thomas: Loyal Foot Soldier for Reaganism

(Note: This article is based on a speech delivered at a National Lawyers Guild forum on the Thomas nomination at Duke University Law School, September 25, 1991.)
Dyotropic rearrangements of fused tricyclic β-lactones: application to the synthesis of (-)-curcumanolide A and (-)-curcumalactone.

Dyotropic rearrangements of fused, tricyclic β-lactones are described that proceed via unprecedented stereospecific, 1,2-acyl migrations delivering bridged, spiro-γ-butyrolactones. A unique example of this dyotropic process involves a fused bis-lactone possessing both β- and δ-lactone moieties which enabled rapid access to the core structures of curcumanolide A and curcumalactone. Our current mechanistic understanding of the latter dyotropic process, based on computational studies, is also described. Other key transformations in the described divergent syntheses of (−)-curcumanolide A and (−)-curcumalactone from a common intermediate (11 and 12 steps from 2-methyl-1,3-cyclopentanedione, respectively), include a catalytic, asymmetric nucleophile (Lewis base)-catalyzed aldol-lactonization (NCAL) leading to a tricyclic β-lactone, a Baeyer–Villiger oxidation in the presence of a β-lactone, and highly facial-selective and stereocomplementary reductions of an intermediate spirocyclic enoate. The described dyotr...
Sensitivity Analysis Methods for Systems with Epistemic Uncertainties

This paper examines a number of sensitivity analysis methods which can be used to determine the comparative importance of input epistemic uncertainties on the system output. These results would then indicate which input uncertainties would most merit additional study. The methods examined in this paper are local sensitivity analysis by finite difference, scatter plot analysis, variance based analysis, and p-box based analysis. The effectiveness of these methods in problems with epistemic uncertainty is compared using an example. This information is used to determine which method should be used based on the linearity of the system and the number of epistemic variables being examined.
Training students to respond to shootings on campus: Is it worth it?

Public safety departments have been tasked with training staff, faculty, and students to respond to an active shooting event if it were to occur on campus. There has been an increase in student training videos and drills on college campuses, even though the impact of these programs has not been evaluated. This study takes an initial look at a training video designed to prepare students to respond to a shooter on campus, comparing it with a control video about school shootings. Students who watched either video felt more afraid that a shooting would occur on campus, in addition to feeling more prepared to respond. The training video increased feelings of preparedness over the control video, but also increased feelings of fear among female students. The implications of active shooter training on student mental health and school culture are discussed.
Ponders on the Price Reform of Current Military Materiel

The current military materiel management approaches playing significant roles in enhancing price management,standardizing price fixing,coordinating balance,yet there still exists paradoxes in reducing costs,improving price fixing,increasing innovation and improvement,promoting reasonability.The essay proposed concrete ponders on existed problems by combining practice and improvement.
1992 Stohlman Memorial Lecture: targeting the IL-2 receptor.

Patients with human T-cell lymphotrophic virus I (HTLV-I)-associated leukemia/lymphoma were treated with different forms of IL-2 receptor (IL-2R)-directed therapy that exploit the difference in IL-2R expression between normal and malignant cells. Using unmodified anti-Tac monoclonal antibody, one-third of the patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) treated have undergone a remission, in two cases complete. There was little toxicity observed; however, unmodified monoclonal antibodies are limited by their immunogenicity and their poor effector functions. To address these issues, «humanized» anti-Tac was produced that contains the complementarity-determining regions from the mouse with the remainder of the molecule derived from human IgG1κ
Enhanced Maternal Transfer of Fluoride in the Magnesium-Deficient Rat

Although placental and mammary tissue have been shown to be formidable barriers to fluoride,1 there is some evidence to suggest that even small amounts of transferred fluoride have significance for health of developing offspring.2 In the present study our intent was to determine if the maternal barrier to fluoride could be influenced by nutritional status. We chose magnesium as a factor based upon our previous findings of a strong relationship between magnesium and fluoride in weanling rats.3
Three-Dimensional Optical Storage Memory by Means of Two-Photon Interaction

This chapter focuses on three-dimensional optical storage memory by means of two-photon interaction. Improvements in silicon technology are bringing computer usage to a critical point where the memory capacity and input/output (I/O) speed limit the performance. Therefore, many researchers think that the major component that will modulate the practical limits of high-speed computing will be the memory. Because of the huge data storage requirements, the need for parallel execution of tasks, and the necessity of compactness, very high-capacity, low-cost memory is becoming almost mandatory. Modern computing systems use a hierarchy of memories rather than a single type. In the standard computer architecture, the three major levels of the storage hierarchy are secondary, main, and buffer storage. Three-dimensional memories (3-DM) extend storage into the third dimension, enabling higher capacities and shorter access times. Storing and retrieving the data in parallel using a 2-D format dramatically increases the achievable data rate. In addition, parallel access optical memories are topologically compatible with the next generation of ultrafast parallel optoelectronic computers, which combine optical interconnections with electronic processing. However, one single 3-DM system cannot bridge all the gaps existing in current memory hierarchy, and there are trade-offs between high storage density, access time, and data-transfer rates.
Authorship and Cultural Identity in Early Greece and China: Lyric Authorship: Poetry, Genre, and the Polis

Where the self-effacement of the epic poet presented considerable challenges to the reverse biographical fallacy, “lyric” poetry, broadly conceived, would seem more fruitful territory. In the case of a poet such as Sappho, for whom the ancients possessed substantial bodies of poetry in which a strongly personal voice was expressed, such was indeed the case, as has already been demonstrated persuasively by others. Clearly, the substantial body of lyric poetry expressing profound emotion was fertile ground for biographical readers. That said, substantial categories of biographical material concerning Archaic Greek lyric poets clearly exceed the reach of naive biographical criticism. In the latter half of this chapter, I will explore aspects of the biographical accounts of Alcman and Sappho that, I believe, can be explained more usefully in terms of implied poetics than of the biographical fallacy. With Alcman, I will examine the question of his birthplace, whether in Lydia or Sparta; with Sappho, I will consider a curious episode in Herodotus concerning abusive poetry she is said to have composed on the subject of her sister-in-law. In making my arguments on these two more famous figures, I will draw on my reading (in the first part of this chapter) of an extreme case of the mismatch of biographical anecdote to poetic text, Terpander. He is representative of a category that might be labeled virtual poets , that is, poets to whom no poetry was ever attributed, or none of whose poetry survives to our time, or for whom doubts were cast in ancient times on the meager materials associated with their names.
CHAPTER 3 – Charles Horton Cooley

Self and society are twin-born, we know one as immediately as we know the other, and the notion of a separate and independent ego is an illusion.
Chapter 23 – Functional (Psychogenic) Movement Disorders

A common problem in neurology is the existence of disorders that present with neurological symptoms, but do not have an identifiable neurological basis. These disorders are often thought to have a psychological basis and are referred to as “psychogenic” or “functional” disorders. Abnormal movements are among the most frequent symptoms in functional neurological disorders. Elements of history, physical exam, and therapeutic intervention must be combined to construct a clear diagnosis of a psychogenic movement disorder. Emerging evidence points to neurobiological substrates for functional movement disorders (FMDs). FMDs are not rare in pediatric neurological practice and may represent 10% or more of a pediatric movement disorders clinic practice. Effective treatment requires an alliance between physician, patient, and family and usually involves a multidisciplinary approach.
Mentoring Opportunities Outside of Academic Buildings: Field Experiences, Student Organizations, and Athletics

This chapter describes the mentoring opportunities that are possible outside of academic buildings. Specifically, this chapter begins by sharing information about ways in which mentoring occurs through field experiences, through relationships that are developed with undergraduates’ site supervisors (i.e., cooperating teachers) and university supervisors who, together, engage in varied and multiple types of mentoring processes. The chapter then turns toward the rich opportunities for mentoring that occur in living-learning communities. Living-learning communities are organized so that learning is not confined strictly to the university classroom but rather is supported and encouraged in residence halls. Faculty members play an important role in living-learning communities as they act as liaisons between the students and their academic departments and colleges. This collaborative approach is situated close to where the students live and brings mentoring opportunities to them. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the role of mentoring in student organizations and athletics, highlighting examples of the such and describing the benefits of mentoring as perceived by students and faculty. Mentoring in these areas occur in relationships built among the students, faculty, coaches, and other professional colleagues.
Quality Metrics in Atrial Fibrillation

The management of patients with atrial fibrillation in the emergency department observation unit includes measurement and reporting of key metrics – both those common to all observation patients and those specific to atrial fibrillation. Clinical leaders need to track the volume and length of stay of visits, the rate of subsequent inpatient admission, and the revisit rate. Evidence-based management of atrial fibrillation requires an understanding and documentation of key elements of the patient presentation, such as the time of onset and risk of venothromboembolism. Finally, the treatment delivered needs to be safe and effective, so a review of the cardioversion, medication administration, and possibly sedation during the visit is a key element of successful oversight. Tracking and feedback of these metrics – both overall and by provider – helps to ensure high performance.
Lessons learned from a single institution’s retrospective analysis of emergent cesarean delivery following external cephalic version with and without neuraxial anesthesia

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the risk of emergent cesarean delivery with the use of neuraxial anesthesia for external cephalic version in a single practice. Background Randomized trials have shown increased external cephalic version success when neuraxial anesthesia is used, without additional risk. We hypothesized that in our actual clinical practice, outside the confines of randomized trials, neuraxial anesthesia could be associated with an increased risk of emergent cesarean delivery. Methods This retrospective cohort study included all women who underwent external cephalic version at a single institution with and without neuraxial anesthesia. The primary outcome was the incidence of emergent cesarean delivery (defined as delivery within 4hours of version). Secondary outcomes were version success and ultimate mode of delivery. Results A total of 135 women underwent external cephalic version procedures; 58 with neuraxial anesthesia (43.0%) and 77 without (57.0%). Location of the procedure, tocolytic therapy, and gestational age were different between groups. An increased rate of emergent cesarean delivery was found in procedures with neuraxial anesthesia compared to procedures without (5/58 (8.6%) compared to 0/77 (0.0%); 95% CI for difference, 1.4 to 15.8%; P=0.013). Conclusion In this single hospital's practice, patients who may be at higher risk of complications and have a lesser likelihood of success were provided NA for ECV. As a result, the use of neuraxial anesthesia for external cephalic version was associated with a higher rate of emergent cesarean delivery. Obstetric and anesthetic practices should evaluate their patient selection and procedure protocol for external cephalic version under neuraxial anesthesia.
Cancer immunotherapy beyond immune checkpoint inhibitors

Malignant cells have the capacity to rapidly grow exponentially and spread in part by suppressing, evading, and exploiting the host immune system. Immunotherapy is a form of oncologic treatment directed towards enhancing the host immune system against cancer. In recent years, manipulation of immune checkpoints or pathways has emerged as an important and effective form of immunotherapy. Agents that target cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) are the most widely studied and recognized. Immunotherapy, however, extends beyond immune checkpoint therapy by using new molecules such as chimeric monoclonal antibodies and antibody drug conjugates that target malignant cells and promote their destruction. Genetically modified T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors are able to recognize specific antigens on cancer cells and subsequently activate the immune system. Native or genetically modified viruses with oncolytic activity are of great interest as, besides destroying malignant cells, they can increase anti-tumor activity in response to the release of new antigens and danger signals as a result of infection and tumor cell lysis. Vaccines are also being explored, either in the form of autologous or allogenic tumor peptide antigens, genetically modified dendritic cells that express tumor peptides, or even in the use of RNA, DNA, bacteria, or virus as vectors of specific tumor markers. Most of these agents are yet under development, but they promise to be important options to boost the host immune system to control and eliminate malignancy. In this review, we have provided detailed discussion of different forms of immunotherapy agents other than checkpoint-modifying drugs. The specific focus of this manuscript is to include first-in-human phase I and phase I/II clinical trials intended to allow the identification of those drugs that most likely will continue to develop and possibly join the immunotherapeutic arsenal in a near future.
Biomechanical Consequences of Meniscal Tear, Partial Meniscectomy, and Meniscal Repair in the Knee.

UPDATE This article was updated on April 26, 2018, because of a previous error. On pages 1 and 14, the author name that had read "Alan Z. Zhang, MD" now reads "Alan L. Zhang, MD."
PARTIAL PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THREE THYMINE DIMER EXCISING ACTIVITIES FROM HUMAN KB CELLS

ABSTRACT Three thymine dimer excising activities previously reported by Cook and Friedberg (1978) have been further purified and characterized.
Autonomous Multi-Agent Docking Using Color Segmentation

This poster will look at the work in progress of an autonomous multi-agent scheme for ego-centric docking, meaning that the agent docking has no communication or help from the agent to which it is docking. Docking has become a major issue in marsupial robots, and has applications in space exploration, urban search and rescue, and reconnaissance. This work attempts to make use of color segmentation of a fiducial and affordances in reactive behaviors to autonomously dock a mobile robot agent, specifically a marsupial type of heterogeneous team. To this end, a real-time solution was also needed, and thus limited the algorithm to the lowest order complexity that could be managed while still being robust.
Elucidating the Kinetic and Thermodynamic Driving Forces in Polymer Blend Film Self-Stratification

Self-assembly of immiscible polymer blend films during deposition presents an attractive avenue to fabricate structured multicomponent thin films. Depth profiles formed by self-stratification during spin-casting can be varied simply by modifying processing conditions, even on short time scales. However, the current practice of self-stratification utilizes polymer blends that are specific for optimizing properties of a desired application and provides little insight into the underlying driving forces that guide the process of stratification. Our research seeks to fill this gap by using neutron reflectivity to monitor the stratification of blends consisting of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a function of sample and processing condition: spin-casting speed, polymer blend composition, and polymer molecular weight. Each of these parameters was varied individually, and each parameter provided orthogonal control of the extent of stratification. An increase in the c...
Explaining the Rent-OER Inflation Divergence, 1999-2006

Between 1999 and 2006, there were two episodes during which inflation in the Rent index in the CPI diverged markedly from inflation in the index for Owner’s Equivalent Rent (OER); early in 2007, these series began to diverge again. Such divergence often prompts many to question CPI methods. A key difference between these two series is that OER indexes are based upon rents which have received a utilities adjustment – an adjustment which is necessary because the OER index is intended to track pure rent-of-shelter, not shelter-plus-utilities. Critics have claimed that the Rent-OER inflation divergences stem from an inappropriate utilities adjustment. This claim is false. In this paper, we decompose the Rent-OER inflation differential into its various determinants, and explore the multiple causes of this divergence over time. There is only one divergence episode – of only six months duration – which is primarily attributable to the utilities adjustment procedure. Indeed, the utilities adjustment sometimes reduced potential divergence between the two series. Instead, the main culprit is rental market segmentation; that is, different rent inflation rates were experienced by different parts of the rental market. Before 2003, the Rent-OER inflation divergence mainly resulted from divergent rental inflation rates within metropolitan areas: areas with a higher proportion of renters experienced higher rental inflation. After 2004, similar divergent inflation across metropolitan areas resulted in higher Rent inflation. Compared to other units, rent control units experienced higher inflation in 2004 (and, to a lesser extent, before mid-2001 and in 2006), which increased Rent inflation but not OER inflation. Finally, in early 2007, there was a sizable divergence between OER and Rent inflation, driven mostly by divergent rental inflation rates within metropolitan areas; the extent of the divergence only becomes evident once the effect of the utilities adjustment is accounted for.
Local Labor Market Conditions, Principals’ Leadership, Conscientiousness, and Beginning Teacher Turnover: A Study During the Great Recession

An abundance of literature sheds light on which factors determine teacher turnover, but it has yet to consider the role that local labor market conditions may play in teachers’ turnover decisions and how these labor market conditions may influence the quality of teachers who might be retained. The effect of local labor market conditions on teacher turnover could be relevant especially in times of high economic instability like the Great Recession. To study the determinants of teacher turnover, we match the Beginning Teacher Longitudinal Study (BTLS) with local unemployment rates from the USC Great Recession Indicators Database (GRID). We also build proxy measures of teachers’ conscientiousness with levels of survey effort on the baseline BTLS survey. Our results show that, in the absence of changes in unemployment, teachers who present lower levels of conscientiousness, by means of lower effort in the baseline survey, also present lower probabilities of teacher turnover during their first years of teaching. However, higher conscientious teachers seem to be better retained when there is more instability in their local labor markets. Higher quality principals appear to help retain teachers, but they seem to be more effective at retaining those teachers who show lower levels of conscientiousness on their baseline survey.