cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optical Investigations of Semiconducting FeSi2 using Photoreflectance Spectroscopy

Photoreflectance (PR) spectra obtained from epitaxial films of semiconducting β‐FeSi2 exhibit complex lineshapes resulting from a variety of optical transitions. The main features of the PR spectra can be described by transitions involving the ground and first excited state of the free exciton, in agreement with low temperature absorption measurements. However, additional lower energy (below band gap) resonances and the effects of stress, not observed in single crystal β‐FeSi2, are seen in the PR spectra of thin epitaxial films. The effect of tensile stress, resulting from thermal contraction of the epitaxial film on the Si substrate, is manifest as a substantial redshift of the main spectral feature. The assignment of tensile stress is confirmed by XRD and Raman measurements. In addition to the main PR spectral feature, the appearance of a replica is observed at higher temperatures. The shape of the replica is found to be almost identical to that of the main spectral feature, shifted down in energy by 72 meV, and is attributed to the assistance of an LO phonon.
Nitrogenase activity and photosynthesis in Plectonema boryanum.

Nitrogen-starved Plectonema boryanum 594 cultures flushed with N2/CO2 or A/CO2 (99.7%/0.3%, vol/vol) exhibited nitrogenase activity when assayed either by acetylene reduction or hydrogen evolution. Oxygen evolution activities and phycocyanin pigments decreased sharply before and during the development of nitrogenase activity, but recovered in the N2/CO2 cultures after a period of active nitrogen fixation. Under high illumination, the onset of nitrogenase activity was delayed; however, the presence of 3-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea (DCMU) eliminated this lag. Oxygen was a strong and irreversible inhibitor of nitrogenase activity at low (>0.5%) concentrations. In the dark, low oxygen tensions (0.5%) stimulated nitrogenase activity (up to 60% of that in the light), suggesting a limited but significant respiratory protection of nitrogenase at low oxygen tensions. DCMU was not a strong inhibitor of nitrogenase activity. A decrease in nitrogenase activity after a period of active nitrogen fixation was observed in the N2/CO2−, but not in the A/CO2−, flushed cultures. We suggest that this decrease in nitrogenase activity is due to exhaustion of stored substrate reserves as well as inhibition by the renewed oxygen evolution of the cultures. Repeated peaks of alternating nitrogenase activity and oxygen evolution were observed in some experiments. Our results indicate a temporal separation of these basically incompatible reactions in P. boryanum.
Divorce Law: Lis Pendens, Judgment Liens, Homestead Exemptions, and Bankruptcy

A divorce case may involve matters of lis pendens, judgment liens, homestead rights, and bankruptcy. Lis pendens is invoked if one or both parties own property when the divorce petition is filed, so third parties may be affected if they attempt to purchase from one of the litigants during the pendency of the divorce. Since a divorce may result in money judgments for alimony, division of property, child support, and attorney fees, judgment liens may burden the owner of land after the divorce. Homestead rights may be claimed to protect against these judgment liens. A former spouse may file for bankruptcy following the divorce and thereby attempt to be relieved of a judgment lien on property. In this article we will explore these concepts in the Kansas setting. We will examine statutes and cases and offer some suggestions to the practitioner and the legislature.
Impact of the Financial Crisis on Higher Education in the United States

In the face of the economic crisis of 2008  2009, colleges and universities had to adjust to revenue shortfalls. The decline in endowments influenced especially the wealthiest institutions, which are often leading institutions. States also reduced their funding for public higher education. Enrollment patterns have opted to public, regional, and 2 year institutions. Long-term consequences are the decline of access among low-income students at selective institutions because of tuition increase while less selective institutions might compromise the quality.
4-Hour model implementation of computing Curriculum 2001 in a small liberal arts college

There are numerous challenges in maintaining a strong major in Computer Science in a small college but even more so in a college that takes its liberal arts commitment very seriously. This is intensified with the constant changes in computing. With careful planning and on-going assessment, a small liberal arts college can provide a strong current undergraduate degree in Computer Science that supplies the student with, not only the skills of the profession, but also the life-long skills necessary for them to maintain and improve their position in their profession. This paper presents an implementation of Curriculum 2001 in a small liberal arts college.
Total Fat and (n-3):(n-6) Fat Ratios Influence Eicosanoid Production in Mice

Previous studies have not addressed the effect of differing fat intake on the effectiveness of varying (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ingestion in altering tissue composition and eicosanoid production. This study examined (n-3):(n-6) PUFA ratios of 0, 0.1:1, 0.2:1, 0.4:1, and 1:1 with total fat at 5, 10, 15, and 20 g/100 g of diet and (n-6) PUFA fixed at 1.5 g/100 g of diet on tissue composition and peritoneal cell eicosanoid response to an in vivo inflammatory stimulus in 240 mice. Both (n-3) PUFA and total fat intake influenced tissue composition and eicosanoid biosynthesis. Increased (n-3) PUFA intake was associated with an increase in tissue (n-3) PUFA and a decrease in long-chain (n-6) PUFA. Although hepatic tissue linoleic acid (LA) was not altered by (n-3) PUFA intake or changes in total fat, peritoneal cell LA increased in response to increasing total fat but was unaffected by changes in dietary (n-3) PUFA. Four-series leukotrienes (LT) decreased progressively with increased (n-3) PUFA at all fat intake levels. In addition, four-series LT decreased with increased total fat at low (n-3):(n-6) ratios (0 and 0.1). At high (n-3):(n-6) ratios (0.4 and 1.0) increasing dietary fat between the 5 and 15 g/100 g diets increased four-series LT synthesis, which reached a plateau between 15 and 20 g fat/100 g diets. Five-series LT production generally rose with increased (n-3) PUFA intake; this effect was most evident in mice fed the 5 g fat/100 g diet. Increasing total dietary fat at the three highest (n-3):(n-6) ratios (0.2, 0.4, 1.0) decreased five-series LT production. Elevated (n-3) PUFA and total fat intake exerted an additive effect with respect to prostacyclin (PGI(2)) production because it was reduced with increasing intakes of both. Compared with the mice consuming the no (n-3) 5 g/100 g diets, PGI(2) levels were reduced by 88% in mice consuming the highest total fat and (n-3) PUFA diets. At low fat intake (5 and 10 g/100 g diet), increasing the (n-3) PUFA intake was associated with a decrease in PGE(2) synthesis. However, unlike PGI(2), high fat intake reduced PGE(2) to basal levels with no further reduction induced by increased (n-3) PUFA intake.
On the tightness of the generalized network sharing bound for the two-unicast-Z network

We study two-unicast-Z networks1 - two-source two-destination (two-unicast) wireline networks over directed acyclic graphs, where one of the two destinations (say the second destination) is apriori aware of the interfering (first) source's message. For certain classes of two-unicast-Z networks, we show that the rate-tuple (N, 1) is achievable as long as the individual source-destination cuts for the two source-destination pairs are respectively at least as large as N and 1, and the generalized network sharing cut - a bound previously defined by Kamath et. al. - is at least as large as N +1. We show this through a novel achievable scheme which is based on random linear coding at all the edges in the network, except at the GNS-cut set edges, where the linear coding co-efficients are chosen in a structured manner to cancel interference at the receiver first destination.
Probing hypoxia-induced staurosporine resistance in prostate cancer cells with a microfluidic culture system

A microfluidic system for cell culture and drug response studies was developed to elucidate the effects of hypoxia on drug susceptibility. Drug response studies were performed in prostate cancer cells and Ramos B cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. A vacuum actuated microfluidic culture device was used for cell culture and PC3 cells were cultured in the chip up to 16 hours. Cells were treated with several concentrations of staurosporine and apoptosis was assayed using the fluorescent probes MitoTracker Deep Red and Annexin-V. For hypoxic samples, the chip was placed in a hypoxia chamber and pre-conditioned at <1% oxygen before inducing the cells with staurosporine. Cells exposed to 2 μM staurosporine were 32% ± 10% apoptotic under normoxic conditions but only 1.5% ± 12% apoptotic under hypoxic conditions. As little as 1 hour of hypoxic preconditioning increased drug resistance. Cell apoptosis correlated with drug dose, although in each case hypoxia reduced the apoptotic fraction significantly. Given the rapid nature of cell adaptation to hypoxia, this chip and analysis approach can be used to identify compounds that can induce cell death in hypoxic tumor cells rapidly.
Performation of peptic ulcer following paracentesis in patients with cirrhosis

1. The incidence of peptic ulcer in patients with cirrhosis is higher than in the general hospital population. The incidence increases in relation to the severity of cirrhosis.
A selfadjoint formulation of overdamped systems

Abstract The overdamped eigenvalue problem (ω2A + ωB + C)ξ = 0 with A, B, and C Hermitian operators on and into the n-dimensional complex Hilbert space En, A > 0, (η, Bη)2−4(η, Aη)(η,Cη)> 0 for η ≠ 0, is shown to be reducible to a linear selfadjoint eigenvalue problem in En × En.
The effect of composition of a ferrocene-containing redox polymer on the electrochemistry of its thin film coatings on electrodes

Abstract A copolymer of vinylferrocene and δ-(methacrylylpropyltrimethoxysilane), VFer/MPS, can be formed into an electroactive, insoluble film on Pt electrodes by droplet evaporation followed by siloxane cross-linking. The well behaved cyclic voltammetry of these films in acetonitrile depends on the copolymer composition, which was varied from 38% to 88% VFer. Chronoamperometry of the films gave electron diffusion rates Dct1/2c whose interpretation was complicated by the inexhaustive electroactivity of the ferrocene sites and consequent ambiguity in the value of c, the electroactive site concentration. Ramifications of incomplete electroactivity in electron diffusion studies are discussed.
Modern Evaluation of the Endometrium

Abnormal uterine bleeding in women older than age 35 years, and certainly in menopausal patients, mandates evaluation, mainly to exclude cancer and hyperplasia, but also to better diagnose the source of the bleeding to appropriately manage the patient. In the past, dilation and curettage was the mainstay of diagnosis. This gave way to in-office suction pump-generated biopsies. Most recently, disposable biopsy instruments with their own internal piston to generate suction have become the standard of care. Rarely has such a technique received such widespread acceptance with such limited validation. Transvaginal ultrasonography, when technically feasible, is a noninvasive way to image the endometrial cavity. Saline-infusion sonohysterography is a subset of transvaginal ultrasonography reserved for patients in whom an adequate endometrial echo is not seen or when an endometrial echo is seen but not sufficiently thin. Appropriate understanding and use of transvaginal ultrasonography and addition of sonohysterography when necessary can allow a clinical algorithm that can triage patients with abnormal uterine bleeding to 1) no anatomic pathology best treated expectantly; 2) a global endometrial process, in which case random blind endometrial sampling is appropriate; or 3) a focal endometrial abnormality in which case endometrial sampling should be done with the visualization offered by hysteroscopy. Finally, the incidence of thick endometrial echo found incidentally in postmenopausal women with no bleeding is extremely high (10-17%) and should not trigger invasive endometrial sampling automatically.
Mode of inheritance of azinphosmethyl resistance in a laboratory-selected strain of Trioxys pallidus

Homogeneity in azinphosmethyl resistance was assessed in males of a laboratory-selected (Select-17) and susceptible (Yolo) colony of Trioxys pallidus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) using a time response assay. No evidence of heterogeneity within the two colonies was found. Reciprocal crosses between the Yolo and the Select-19 (the Select-17 colony following two additional selections) colonies resulted in F1 females that exhibited a semidominant response to azinphosmethyl with a dominance value (D) of 0.32, as well as no evidence of maternal effects or sex linkage. Responses of F2 progeny to azinphosmethyl suggest that more than one gene may be involved because no inflection was observed in the time response lines of F2 males. Additional research is required to fully elucidate the mode of inheritance.
A Comparison of the Health and Mental Health Status of Homeless Mothers in Worcester, Mass: 1993 and 2003.

Objectives. We assessed background characteristics, health status, and prevalence rates of mental health disorders in 2 studies of homeless mothers conducted in Worcester, Mass, one in 1993 and the other in 2003.Methods. We compared the women taking part in the 2 studies, which involved similar methodologies, on the key variables of interest over time.Results. Homeless families taking part in the 2003 study were poorer than those taking part in the 1993 study, and female heads of household in that study reported more physical health limitations, major depressive illness, and posttraumatic stress disorder.Conclusion. Data from 2003 suggest that the characteristics of homeless mothers changed over the 10-year period assessed. Service providers and shelter staff may need to refine services so that they are responsive to these changing needs.
Studies on the Passive Transfer of Immunity with Newcastle Disease Virus

Abstract Significant questions exist as to the significance and mechanisms involved in the parental transfer of immunity of various infections from the hen to offspring. Studies with various infectious agents and experimental systems have yielded conflicting data. Thus, Klemperer (1893) found antitoxic substances in the yolk of eggs from fowl immunized against tetanus. Dziergowski (1901) claimed diphtheria antitoxin may be passed from the serum of the hen to the developing egg cell and that the subsequent passage of antibodies (in the form of unaltered parent serum globulin) was from yolk to embryo to chick. In studies on parental immunity to infectious laryngotracheitis (IL) of chickens, Benton and Cover (1960) concluded that “while parental immunity probably exists to a degree, it exhibits little influence on IL viral activity in embryos or young chicks.” Brandly, Moses and Jungherr (1946), in their elucidative work in regard to transmission and immunity to Newcastle disease in…
A Pulse Width Modulation Control Scheme for Three-Way Catalyst Systems*

Abstract A closed-loop pulse width modulated control scheme for three-way automotive catalyst control utilizing feedback from a post-catalyst heated exhaust gas oxygen (HEGO) sensor is presented in this work. The controller manipulates the duty cycle of the pre-catalyst air fuel ratio target perturbations across stoichiometry to regulate the post-catalyst HEGO sensor voltage to a desired target. The controller is demonstrated using an experimental Ford 2.0l Duratec I4 engine with a dual-brick three-way catalyst configuration.
Erratum to the article: Transport of organic carbon in the world's rivers

An error in the article by Grotjahn (1981) has been found by the author. The vertical axes of the phase speed spectra plotted in Figs. 4, 5 and 10 are mislabelled. This axis should range from 0.0 to 1.0. The growth rate plots in these figures are correctly labelled. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1981.tb01766.x
Noise Considerations in High Bypass Ratio Fan Engine Design

The General Electric Company is engaged in a number of programs to reduce aircraft-engine noise, ranging from the reheat turbojet for the SST to high bypass ratio lift fans for V/STOL applications. Many of these programs are government-sponsored and have been described elsewhere. The major company-sponsored program is development of the reduced-noise CF6 engine, a design undertaken to achieve a noise level significantly below that of current engines. Analysis and experimental work — done on scale model and engine fans to arrive at the best tradeoff between weight, performance, and noise — resulted in a aerodynamic design that, coupled with development of efficient acoustic treatment of the ducts, has yielded an engine measuring 10 PNdB quieter than current operational engines. The author details three specific technical problem areas (acoustic treatment, turbine noise, and modulation tones) and their impact on CF6 noise.Copyright © 1970 by ASME
Evidence for transmission of bovine leukemia virus by rectal palpation in a commercial dairy herd

Abstract The risk of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) transmission by rectal examination was determined over 22 months in a commercial dairy herd. All 167 BLV seronegative cattle, of breeding age or greater, were divided randomly into two groups and identified by neck-chain color. In the treatment group, routine rectal palpation occurred after a BLV infected animal and without a change of sleeve, while in the other group, palpation occurred in a similar manner with the exception that sleeves were changed between animals. When BLV seronegative cattle in either group were palpated after BLV infected cattle, the event and identification of the cattle involved were recorded. Serologic testing was performed eight times during the 22 month study to determine the number of animals that became infected following a palpation (an event). Thirty-one animals seroconverted during the study; 24 in the treatment (no sleeve change) group and seven in the sleeve change group. Sixteen of the animals in the treatment group that seroconverted had been palpated prior to their seroconversion. A hazard ratio (relative risk) for BLV seroconversion was determined between the two groups. Cows palpated with no sleeve change had a 2.8-fold increase in risk (confidence interval 1.1–6.8) of BLV infection. The increased risk of BLV infection associated with rectal palpation may have been affected by the presence of some highly infectious cows in the herd. This study confirms that rectal palpation without a change of sleeve may be a significant risk factor in some herds, and if efforts are made to decrease the spread of BLV in a herd, the potential for rectal sleeve transmission must be considered.
1401 DERMAL BILIRUBIN KINETICS UNDER BLUE AND GREEN LIGHT

We investigated the efficacy of green light phototherapy in reducing dermal bilirubin concentrations with the transcutaneous bilirubinometer (TcB). Nine infants (BW 3375±370gms)were treated with green light at a mean age of 55±20 hrs, and five controls (3210±530gms) were exposed to blue light at 73±28 hrs. The intensity of the green (13.5±0.8uw/cm2/nm) and blue (12.8±0.1uw/cm2/nm) lights were comparable. An opaque patch covered a 2.5 cm. area of skin, the source for TcB control values. Seventeen simultaneous measurements were recorded from patched and exposed areas every 15 minutes over a period of four hours and rate of TcB change was calculated for each hour of phototherapy. In both light groups TcB remained unchanged under the skin patch over the four hour period. Data from exposed skin showed that the rate of TcB change in the blue light group was -3.3 in the first, -1.6 in the second, -0.4 in the third, and -0.3 TcB units/hr in the fourth hour. In the green light group this change was -1.9, -1.4, -0.8, and -0.4 TcBU/hr in the respective time periods. At the end of the four hours the absolute decrease was comparable in both groups. These results suggest that these lights are equally effective in reducing dermal bilirubin levels, but may differ in their mode of action.
The Infected Decubitus Ulcer

Article decrivant la symptomatologie, la conduite a tenir, et les germes frequemment retrouves dans les surinfections des ulceres de decubitus
Integrated hardware and software for improved flatness measurement with ATC4.1 flip-chip assembly case study

Over the past four decades, microelectronic packaging technology has evolved from peripheral, through-hole, and bulk configurations to area-array, surface-mount, and small-profile ones. Among these approaches, flip-chip attachment has become the most favorable choice for its large input/output capabilities and short signal path distributions. Given the prediction that the chip size and power of a single chip package will increase dramatically, substrate warpage of flip-chip packages during assembly and usage has become a major concern. Warpage could cause misalignment between the chip and the substrate, prevent the solder balls from making contact with the substrate flip-chip pads during the reflow soldering process, and induce crack nucleation at the board underfill interface during long-term usage. In this paper, the authors developed an integrated large-area shadow moire system for measuring small and large board and chip package warpage. The hardware is designed to carry out warpage measurement with a resolution on the order of micrometers. Combined with software, the integrated system is fully automated and highly accurate. For the case study, the system is used to characterize the substrate warpage of flip-chip on organic board assemblies. Warpage of substrates at the initial bare-board stage, post-reflow, and post-underfill is measured at room temperatures. It is found that by properly selecting initially warped substrates, post-reflow and post-underfill warpage can be reduced. In addition, warpage measurements at elevated temperatures during thermal cycling and power cycling show that power cycling poses a smaller impact on substrate warpage.
The administrative control of high school principals by superintendents: the supervisory function

Supervision, the most prevalent of the control mechanisms studied, was used in all of the schools to varying degrees. The frequency of superintendent visits fluctuated between a high of almost every day, in the case where the superintendent and the principal shared the same facility, to two times a year. Superintendents did visit schools without formal sessions with the principals. Several principals described their superintendents' visits as “informal walk-throughs.” District size did not influence the frequency of supervision by the superintendents. Schools in both large and small districts received roughly the same number of visits. Ninety-two percent of the principals received a medium or high number of visits. In some schools, particularly unit districts composed of grades kindergarten through 12, principals were evaluated by associate superintendents for secondary education. Central office personnel usually visited several times each month. Principals from large districts received fewer visits from central office staff than did principals from medium or small districts. Most principals perceived the visits by their superintendents and central office personnel as nonthreatening. When superintendents and central office administrators visited schools, they added to the system of control by collecting information about all aspects of schooling, including the climate. In general, principals perceived supervision as light, and felt that schools and principals were afforded considerable autonomy.
Synthesis, crystallinity control, and photocatalysis of nanostructured titanium dioxide shells

In this article, we review our recent research efforts on the synthesis, crystallinity control, and photocatalysis of nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO2) shells. First, we introduce several synthetic methods for preparing TiO2 shell structures using either template-free or template-assisted approaches. Several methods to change the structures from amorphous to crystalline and subsequently ways to enhance the crystallinity are then discussed, including those involving the “silica-protected calcination” and “partial etching and recalcination” strategies. We also discuss the photocatalytic applications of the TiO2 nanoshells and the methods for improving their catalytic activities. Finally, we conclude with a summary and our perspective on the further development of the nanostructured TiO2 shells. It is believed that more rational design and modification strategies such as well-controlled nonmetal doping, plasmonic metal decoration and the hybridization with other semiconducting materials will significantly enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2-based catalyst materials.
Buckling of radially constrained thin spherical shell under edge load

Abstract The postbuckling behavior of a spherical shell with a constrained rigid boundary has been studied by using the deep shell theory and the shallow shell theory. In the use of the shallow shell theory, the solution for the detached portion of the shell can be expressed in such a form which is independent of the physical and the geometrical properties. It has also been found that for a perfect shell and a shell with a certain type of initial imperfections, there is no bifurcation buckling at a finite stress level. The numerical examples indicate that the difference between the results obtained by using the deep shell theory and that by using the shallow shell theory is small
The Bait‐Fish Industry in Ohio and West Virginia, with Special Reference to the Ohio River Sport Fishery

Abstract Characteristics of the 1979 bait-fish industry in Ohio and West Virginia were assessed via a mail questionnaire to 201 retail dealers and a telephone survey of 17 wholesale dealers. The 60% response from the mail survey indicated 85 of 219 license-holders (39%) in West Virginia and 720 of 956 (75%) in Ohio were active dealers. Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and shiners (Notropis spp. and Notemigonus crysoleucas) were the principal bait fishes sold. More than 90% of all 1979 sales in the two states occurred in Ohio. On the average, retail dealers in Ohio sold 550 lb of bait fish, paid $3.66 per lb, were active for 6.6 months, and grossed $5,194. The average West Virginia retailer sold 374 lb, paid $4.46 per lb, was active for 6.4 months, and grossed $4,304. Retail sales in the two states exceeded 400,000 lb and $4 million. Wholesale dealers consisted of importers (who received bait fish primarily from Minnesota and Arkansas and reside in Ohio) and jobbers, who distributed bait fish to retai...
Model for the onset of transport in systems with distributed thresholds for conduction

We present a model supported by simulation to explain the effect of temperature on the conduction threshold in disordered systems. Arrays with randomly distributed local thresholds for conduction occur in systems ranging from superconductors to metal nanocrystal arrays. Thermal fluctuations provide the energy to overcome some of the local thresholds, effectively erasing them as far as the global conduction threshold for the array is concerned. We augment this thermal energy reasoning with percolation theory to predict the temperature at which the global threshold reaches zero. We also study the effect of capacitive nearest-neighbor interactions on the effective charging energy. Finally, we present results from Monte Carlo simulations that find the lowest-cost path across an array as a function of temperature. The main result of the paper is the linear decrease of conduction threshold with increasing temperature: ${V}_{t}(T)={V}_{t}(0)[1\ensuremath{-}4.8{k}_{B}TP(0)∕{p}_{c}]$, where $1∕P(0)$ is an effective charging energy that depends on the particle radius and interparticle distance, and ${p}_{c}$ is the percolation threshold of the underlying lattice. The predictions of this theory compare well to experiments in one- and two-dimensional systems.
On the Anti-correlation between Spectral Line Broadening and Intensity in Coronal Structures Observed with EIS

The advance in spectral resolution of the Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging (EIS) spectrometer on board Hinode has allowed for more detailed analysis of coronal spectral lines. Large line broadening and blueshifted velocities have been found in the periphery of active region (AR) cores and near the footpoints of coronal loops. This line broadening is yet to be understood. We study the correlation of intensity and line width for entire ARs and sub-regions selected to include coronal features. The results show that although a slight positive correlation can be found when considering whole images, many sub-regions have a negative correlation between intensity and line width. Sections of a coronal loop display some of the largest anti-correlations found for this study with the increased line broadening occurring directly adjacent to the footpoint section of the loop structure, not at the footpoint itself. The broadened lines may be due to a second Doppler-shifted component that is separate from the main emitting feature such as a coronal loop, but related in their excitation. The small size of these features forces the considerations of investigator and instrumental effects. Preliminary analyses are shown that indicate the possibility of a point-spread function that is not azimuthally symmetric and may affect velocity and line profile measurements.
DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF A STACK/CABLE SYSTEM SUBJECTED TO VORTEX INDUCED VIBRATION

Abstract In this study, a coupled model wind-induced vibration of a stack, based on an unsteady-flow theory and non-linear dynamics of the stack's heavy elastic suspended cables. Numerical analysis was performed to identify excitation mechanisms. The stack was found to be excited by vortex shedding. Once lock-in resonance occurred, the cables were excited by the transverse motion of the stack. Large-amplitude oscillations of the cables were due to parametric resonance. Appropriate techniques have been proposed to alleviate the vibration problem.
Asthma management: reinventing the wheel in sickle cell disease

Asthma is a common comorbidity in sickle cell disease (SCD) with a reported prevalence of 30-70%. The high frequency of asthma in this population cannot be attributed to genetic predisposition alone, and likely reflects in part, the contribution of overlapping mechanisms shared between these otherwise distinct disorders. There is accumulating evidence that dysregulated arginine metabolism and in particular, elevated arginase activity contributes to pulmonary complications in SCD. Derangements of arginine metabolism are also emerging as newly appreciated mechanism in both asthma and pulmonary hypertension independent of SCD. Patients with SCD may potentially be at risk for an asthma-like condition triggered or worsened by hemolysis-driven release of erythrocyte arginase and low nitric oxide bioavailability, in addition to classic familial asthma. Mechanisms that contributed to asthma are complex and multifactorial, influenced by genetic polymorphisms as well as environmental and infectious triggers. Given the association of asthma with inflammation, oxidative stress and hypoxemia, factors known to contribute to a vasculopathy in SCD, and the consequences of these factors on sickle erythrocytes, comorbid asthma would likely contribute to a vicious cycle of sickling and subsequent complications of SCD. Indeed a growing body of evidence documents what should come as no surprise: Asthma in SCD is associated with acute chest syndrome, stroke, pulmonary hypertension, and early mortality, and should therefore be aggressively managed based on established National Institutes of Health Guidelines for asthma management. Barriers to appropriate asthma management in SCD are discussed as well as strategies to overcome these obstacles in order to provide optimal care.
1513 East or Sesame Syndrome: A Case Series

Introduction Molecular and genetic advances have changed the way we look at associations of signs and symptoms or miscellaneous syndromes. A recent report has hypothesized that KCNJ10 mutations, affecting potassium channels present in the brain, ear and the kidneys, are responsible for the constellation of epilepsy, ataxia, sensorineural deafness. and tubulopathy (EAST or SeSAME syndrome). We present six patients belonging to three families with similar findings. Case Series We describe three Asian siblings, two Caribbean siblings, and one Caucasian child who have epilepsy, ataxia, sensorineural hearing loss, and tubulopathy. Consanguinity was present only in the Asian family. Seizures were a presenting symptom in four of the cases with onset as early as 3–7 months of age. Development delay and learning difficulties were present in all of the cases. Ataxia was evident from early on. Sensorineural hearing loss was identified at different ages and in some cases was asymptomatic. In some cases, tubulopathy was an incidental finding. Two of the children were being followed up by nephrologists and neurologists before a unifying diagnosis was determined. Five children had previously been extensively investigated with metabolic and mitochondrial investigations, magnetic resonance images, and electroencephalograms all normal. All six children had biochemical evidence of a tubulopathy with hypokalaemia, hypomagnesaemia, and alkalosis. KCNJ10 DNA mutations have been identified in all the children. Conclusion Recent advances in genetics have enabled us to determine the likely unifying cause for hitherto puzzling signs and symptoms in six children under our care.
Progress in the development of ELM pace-making with non-axisymmetric magnetic perturbations in NSTX

The application of non-axisymmetric magnetic perturbations has been shown to destabilize edge-localized modes (ELMs) in the National Spherical Torus Experiment. This ELM-triggering effect is used to controllably introduce ELMs into lithium-enhanced ELM-free H-mode discharges, reducing the typical impurity accumulation while maintaining high energy confinement. Recent improvements to the triggering techniques are described. The perturbation waveform has been improved, with large amplitude, short duration perturbations allowing rapid, highly reliable triggering, with reduced braking of toroidal rotation. The rapid triggering allowed the ELM frequency to be increased to over 60 Hz, leading to a reduction in the average ELM size. Combined with improved gas fuelling, this method has resulted in periods of stationary global conditions, although plasma profiles do continue to evolve.
Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase expression in trigeminal ganglion infection: correlation of enzyme activity with ganglion virus titer and evidence of in vivo complementation.

Experimental trigeminal ganglion and corneal infection in mice was studied with three thymidine kinase-positive (TK+) strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and eight TK− HSV-1 mutants. Viruses were extensively tested in cell culture to determine whether any were temperature sensitive (ts) for virus replication or for TK activity. TK− mutants were no more ts than were TK+ viruses. By arabinosylthymine testing and measurement of thymidine phosphorylation, it was apparent that some TK− mutants were, in fact, intermediate for TK activity (TK±). After corneal inoculation of individual viruses it was observed with one exception that TK−, TK±, and TK+ viruses replicated in ocular tissues (3 days postinoculation, 2.2 × 103–1.1 × 105 PFU/eye). However, TK− mutants were rarely isolated from trigeminal ganglia ( 60–>1600). In addition, after inoculation of certain TK−–TK− pairs, complementation in ganglia was observed (complementation indices were >2.4–>120). These studies support the hypothesis that HSV-1 TK expression is necessary for sensory ganglion (neuron) infection in three ways: HSV-1 TK mutants that replicated in ocular tissues and were not ts mutants did not replicate in vivo in trigeminal ganglia; (ii) there was a correlation between level of viral TK activity and trigeminal ganglion virus titer; and (iii) when complemented by TK+ or TK− HSV, TK− virus replicated in trigeminal ganglia.
Electron scattering near an itinerant to localized electronic transition

We report an unconventional temperature dependence of the resistivity in several strongly correlated systems approaching a localized to itinerant electronic transition from the itinerant electron side. The observed $(\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0})\ensuremath{\propto}{T}^{3/2}$ behavior over the entire range of materials discussed cannot be explained within the framework of existing theories. We propose a model in which the scattering of the conduction electrons by locally cooperative bond-length fluctuations in a matrix of vibronic and Fermi-liquid electrons can account for the experimental data.
Condition monitoring of turbogenerators

New methods and instruments have been developed to monitor the condition of turbogenerators. These instruments could help to improve the reliability of generation equipment
Tunable polyaniline chemical actuators

Polyaniline (PANI) porous asymmetric membranes were prepared using a phase-inversion technique, and their bending−recovery behavior induced by sorption and desorption of chemical vapors was studied...
Covariance Structure Models for Fixed and Random Effects

Fixed- and random-effects models are often used to control for unmeasured personspecific effects when examining the influence of measured covariates on an outcome. To date, different estimators are used for fixed- and random-effects models, making it difficult to choose between these two alternatives. In this article, the authors outline a covariance-structure model that captures both fixed and random effects and provides a simple test for comparing them.
Satellite test of radiation impact on Ramtron 512K FRAM

The Memory Test Experiment is a space test of a ferroelectric memory device on a low Earth orbit satellite. The test consists of writing and reading data with a ferroelectric based memory device. Any errors are detected and are stored on board the satellite. The data is send to the ground through telemetry once a day. Analysis of the data can determine the kind of error that was found and will lead to a better understanding of the effects of space radiation on memory systems. The test will be one of the first flight demonstrations of ferroelectric memory in a near polar orbit which allows testing in a varied radiation environment. The memory devices being tested is a Ramtron Inc. 512K memory device. This paper details the goals and purpose of this experiment as well as the development process. The process for analyzing the data to gain the maximum understanding of the performance of the ferroelectric memory device is detailed.
Hand-Held Gamma-Ray Spectrometer Gun

As an extension of our present work on small, battery-operated multichannel analyzers,1 the Health Division at Los Alamos has developed a complete, handheld, gamma-ray spectrometer package that is carried and pointed like a hand gun. The system is microprocessor-based, includes 6-hour lifetime batteries, and weighs less than 2 kg. The spectrometer is designed to be easy to use; an untrained operator can quickly learn how to acquire data. In spite of its simplicity, the spectrometer includes a full 128-channel analyzer which will allow qualitative analysis of various gamma-ray sources.
Effects of common reed (Phragmites australis) expansions on nitrogen dynamics of tidal marshes of the northeastern U.S.

Several recent studies indicate that the replacement of extant species withPhragmites australis can alter the size of nitrogen (N) pools and fluxes within tidal marshes. Some common effects ofP. australis expansion are increased standing stocks of N, greater differentiation of N concentrations between plant tissues (high N leaves and low N stems), and slower whole-plant decay rates than competing species (e.g.,Spartina, Typha spp.). Some of the greater differences between marsh types involveP. australis effects on extractable and porewater pools of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and N mineralization rates. Brackish and salt marshes show higher concentrations of DIN in porewater beneathSpartina spp. relative toP. australis, but this is not observed in freshwater tidal marshes whenP. australis is compared withTypha spp. or mixed plant assemblages. With few studies of concurrent N fluxes, the net effect ofP. australis on marsh N budgets is difficult to quantify for single sites and even more so between sites. The magnitude and direction of impacts ofP. australis on N cycles appears to be system-specific, driven more by the system and species being invaded than byP. australis itself. WhereP. australis is found to affect N pools and fluxes, we suggest these alterations result from increased biomass (both aboveground and belowground) and increased allocation of that biomass to recalcitrant stems. Because N pools are commonly greater inP. australis than in most other communities (due to plant and litter uptake), one of the most critical questions remaining is “From where is the extra N inP. australis communities coming?” It is important to determine if the source of the new N is imported (e.g., anthropogenic) or internallyproduced (e.g., fixed, remineralized organic matter). In order to estimate net impacts ofP. australis on marsh N budgets, we suggest that further research be focused on the N source that supports high standing stocks of N inP. australis biomass (external input versus internal cycling) and the relative rates of N loss from different marshes (burial versus subsurface flow versus denitrification).
CONTRIBUTION OF ANNIHILATION RADIATION TO THE GAMMA-RAY FLUX IN LEAD

Multiply-scattered gamma rays from a high-energy source, upon being absorbed, give rise to a secondary flux of annihilation radiation. A procedure is developed, within the framework of the moment method of Spencer and Fano, for calculating the production and diffusion of the annihilation radiation. The treatment includes infinite as well as semi-infinite media. Numerical results are presented for primary radiation sources with energies between two and ten Mev in a lead medium. These results can be represented by simple semiempirical formulas. (auth)
Drug Use and Psychosocial Functioning of a Community-Derived Sample of Adolescents with Childhood ADHD.

We describe the late adolescent psychosocial outcomes from a relatively large, community-identified sample of children with ADHD who have been assessed longitudinally from childhood through late adolescence. A range of outcomes were compared between ADHD (n = 119) and normal control (n = 93) groups, as well as ADHD subgroups that varied as a function of the course of externalizing predominantly ODD problems (persisters, desisters, escalaters, and resisters). ADHD youths that did not show externalizing problems during childhood (ADHD resisters) were associated with drug use outcomes generally comparable to the normal non-affected controls. All other ADHD groups with externalizing problems (ADHD persisters, ADHD escalaters, and ADHD desisters) consistently revealed worse drug use outcomes compared to controls/ADHD resisters. However, ADHD youths with or without externalizing problems showed worse outcomes compared to the control group on the non-drug, psychosocial functioning variables. The study highlights...
Pressure-Induced "Electron Transition" in As

We report measurements of a large, nearly discontinuous change in the superconducting transition temperature of Au${\mathrm{Ga}}_{2}$ near 6 kbar as predicted earlier from pressure measurements of cross-sectional areas of the Fermi surface. This is interpreted as strong evidence for a pressure-induced electron transition near 6 kbar at liquid-He temperatures.
Gorenstein injective dimension and Tor-depth of modules

The main aim of this paper is to obtain a dual result to the now well known Auslander-Bridger formula for G-dimension. We will show that if R is a complete Cohen-Macaulay ring with residue field k, and M is a non-injective h-divisible Ext-finite R-module of finite Gorenstein injective dimension such that for each $i \geq 1$ Ext i (E,M) = 0 for all indecomposable injective R-modules $E \neq E(k)$ , then the depth of the ring is equal to the sum of the Gorenstein injective dimension and Tor-depth of M. As a consequence, we get that this formula holds over a d-dimensional Gorenstein local ring for every nonzero cosyzygy of a finitely generated R-module and thus in particular each such n th cosyzygy has its Tor-depth equal to the depth of the ring whenever $n \geq d$ .
A microanatomical map of the structures hidden in the middle fossa based on the facial nerve hiatus: Measurements and their variability

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships/variations between the facial nerve hiatus (FNH) and middle cranial fossa neuro-vascular structures. Twenty CT-scanned middle cranial fossae of fresh adult cadavers were used; the greater superficial petrosal nerves, and critical neuro-vascular structures were identified. Using the FNH as a reference point, a neuronavigation system was used to measure the distance between each structure and the FNH. The coefficient of variation (CV) was used to quantify the degree of variation among each distance. The mean distances and standard deviations between the various landmarks and the FNH, and the associated CV were analyzed. Furthermore, a microanatomical map of the structures hidden in the middle fossa based on the greater superficial petrosal nerve was generated. The most reliable relationships of the FNH were with the internal auditory canal (CV = 14.59), and with the vertical portion of the intrapetrous internal carotid artery (CV = 15.54). Our data demonstrate that the FNH can be used as anatomical landmark to plot the position of several hidden neurovascular structures when performing a middle-fossa skull base approach. However, the pattern and the variation of these structures had to be recognized.
Integrating physical and virtual environments to conserve energy in buildings

Abstract Fundamental understandings of how energy is consumed, monitored, and controlled are key prerequisites for an energy conservation process. Users who know exactly when energy consumption occurs and where it takes place are able to make more informed decisions about how to lower their energy consumption. Energy conservation projects in the U.S. have reported a 2–11% savings when users are presented with information on energy consumption. Engineers are increasingly turning to virtual environments to improve system design and development and optimize performance and increase efficiency during operation. A bottom-up approach to real-time energy monitoring by integrating virtual and physical domains to increase user awareness on where, when, how and why aspect of energy to make inform decisions regarding energy consumption, optimization and conservation is proposed. A virtual 3-D environment is developed to display actual space/zone/building real-time power consumption information and to allow users to easily locate equipment/loads that are in standby/inefficient and causing energy waste in the real/physical environment. The proposed system is demonstrated via a prototype board that is virtually integrated with an actual Zero Net Energy Test House (ZNETH) as part of future Net-Zero Energy buildings research. The results establish a promising tool in this filed.