cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The California Collaboration: A Competency-Based Child Welfare Curriculum Project for Master's Social Workers

Summary This article documents the Title IV-E child welfare social work project of the California Social Work Education Center (CalS WEC): The establishment and ongoing support of collaborative arrangements among 58 California counties, the California State Department of Social Services, and all of the California graduate social work schools. The primary goal of this collaboration is to produce MS Ws who will commit to helping disadvantaged children and families in publicly supported child welfare services. The project model contains five interdependent components: a competency-based curriculum, financial support for students, development of instructional materials, active participation among public child welfare agencies and the universities, and evaluation. This paper focuses on the collaborative curriculum development process. Evolving arrangements among stakeholders are described here in terms of the reciprocal adjustment of curriculum development and field and classroom instruction to prepare MSWs fo...
Abstract 2063: Fate of hypoxic cancer cells in microscopic and fully developed macroscopic tumors

We previously reported, in mouse cancer models of human colorectal cancer HT29 cells, microscopic tumors ( Methods: We injected HT29 cells into peritoneal cavity, ascites tumors (floating in ascites, in dormant status and Results: PIMO adducts closely associated with viable cancer cells in dormant ascites tumors 7 d followed PIMO injection, there was little necrotic tissue in ascites tumors. However, Major PIMO adducts were in necrotic zones 2-3 d later in fully developed macroscopic xenografts. Changes in hypoxia during early stage of tumor development were investigated: 3 to 5 d after tumor initiation, a sole cluster of pure cancer cells ( Conclusion: Hypoxic cancer cells in submillimeter dormant microscopic tumors have very long lifespan, which maybe oxygenate after angiogenesis and tumor growth. Hypoxic cell in fully developed tumors generally go to necrosis. Hypoxia is critical important in microscopic tumors, hypoxic cells may resist cancer therapies and microscopic tumors develop to macroscopic tumors in a future time. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2063. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2063
Baseball, Beer, and Bulgari: Examining Cultural Capital and Gender Inequality in a Retail Fashion Corporation

I use cultural capital as a conceptual framework for examining gender inequality at work. While much previous research has been situated in hypermasculine work settings, this study takes place in a...
Thin Film Fabrication of R2Fe14B Compounds

Thin Films (≃4000 A) of R2Fe14B compounds have been synthesized by d.c. triode sputtering for R=Nd,Sm and Er. Deposition onto single-crystal substrates heated to 600”C and with rates of 1.3 A/s results in nearly epitaxial film growth such that the c-axis of the tetragonal structure is perpendicular to the film plane. As a consequence, intrinsic anisotropy effects are observed in the magnetic properties of the as-made films. Although sapphire and quartz substrates give the best results, similar directed growth is observed on recrystallized Nb foils. Magneto-optical measurements on the Nd-based compounds give a remnant polar Kerr angle θ=0.22° and coercive field Hc=5.5 k0e. The easy axis is in the film plane for R=Sm and Er and a remnant magnetization greater than 80% of saturation is observed for H applied parallel to the film plane. Electrical resistivity measurements on Nd2Fe14B films indicate that spin-disorder scattering from the rare earth site is important and features from both the Curie and spin reorientation temperatures are observed.
Action of protamine on renal potassium excretion in the rabbit.

ConclusionsSome effects of intravenous administration of isotonic solutions of protamine chloride on renal electrolyte clearance in the rabbit were studied. In this species protamine inhibits both potassium reabsorption and potassium secretion. There were no significant effects on sodium clearance.
Dysfunction of Cognitive Networks in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis; a Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Analysis (P03.073)

Objective: To investigate changes in spontaneous brain activity in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and compare with resting-state network of healthy controls. Background Resting State connectivity using fMRI of the default-mode network (DMN) has been recently shown to be altered in patients with secondary and primary progressive MS. Dysfunction of DMN has been hypothesized to be the factor responsible for accumulation of cognitive deficits in patients with progressive MS. Design/Methods: Six patients with RRMS and 15 normal controls were scanned. fMRI images were acquired on a GE 3.0-T whole-body magnet using a gradient echo EPI sequence for whole-brain BOLD fMRI. For the resting state image set, 150 volumes were recorded while the subjects were lying quietly with eyes open. High resolution (IRSPGR) images were also acquired for brain segmentation. The brain was segmented into 104 regions using the high resolution 3D IRSPGR image and the HAMMER software and the temporal fMRI signals from all voxels in each segmented region were averaged to represent one signal for each region. Results: Resting state networks of different cognitive circuits (DMN, attention, language, memory, visual-spatial memory) were assessed in patients with MS and controls. Cross correlation of the resting state fMRI signals between every two nodes in each network was calculated for the patients and compared to the data from controls. All the pairs that had cross-correlation values outside the normal range were tagged and summed among all the patients. DMN analysis showed decreased correlation in cingulate region and lateral parietal cortices in patients with cognitive impairment, similar with a recent report in literature. Moreover, all or almost all assessed cognitive circuits showed decreased correlation in patients with MS with known cognitive deficit. Conclusions: Dysfunction of resting-state is seen in RRMS patients not only in DMN but also in other subsystems involved in cognitive process. Supported by: Henry Ford Hospital. Disclosure: Dr. Cerghet has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nejad-Davarani has nothing to disclose. Dr. Li has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jiang has nothing to disclose.
Endotoxin enhances the expression of monocyte prothrombinase activity.

Thrombin is generated on the surface of mononuclear cells (MNCs) through the assembly and function of the prothrombinase complex consisting of the enzyme factor Xa, the cofactor/factor Va, calcium ions, and an appropriate membrane surface for proper assembly of the protein constituents. Assays performed in the presence of factors Va and Xa indicated that endotoxin significantly enhanced the prothrombinase activity (1.5- to 2.5-fold; P less than .001) expressed by MNCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Monocytes present in the MNC suspensions were responsible for this increased activity through processes resulting in both enhanced cellular activity and the enhanced release of membranous vesicles. Endotoxin was without effect on the expression of lymphocyte prothrombinase activity. Scanning electron microscopy techniques indicated that endotoxin resulted in extensive membrane blebbing of the monocytes present in the MNC suspensions with no effect on the morphology of the lymphocytes. Within 5 hours, endotoxin maximally enhanced the prothrombinase activity expressed by the monocyte membrane surface 2.8-fold, whereas 8 hours was required to maximally enhance the activity associated with the released vesicles by twofold. The observed increase in activity expressed by the monocyte membrane surface was due solely to endotoxin, since the activity expressed by the unstimulated monocyte membrane surface remained unaltered over time. In contrast, cell vesiculation, which occurred in the absence of any stimulus, was further enhanced by endotoxin. The increase in activity associated with the released vesicles from both stimulated and unstimulated cells paralleled an increase in the vesicle number as determined by flow cytometric analyses. The vesicle released from both unstimulated and stimulated monocytes were indistinguishable in size as determined by image analysis and ranged between 0.05 and 0.3 microns in diameter. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) significantly enhanced the prothrombinase activity expressed by the monocyte membrane surface, as well as the released vesicle fraction, when used alone or in addition to endotoxin. The enhanced activity associated with the vesicle fraction again was attributed to the release of more vesicles. In contrast, cycloheximide decreased the prothrombinase activity expressed by the monocyte membrane surface, as well as the activity associated with vesicles released from both stimulated and unstimulated cells. These data suggest that the expression of monocyte prothrombinase activity can be significantly enhanced by endotoxin through processes that alter the monocyte membrane surface and augment the vesiculation process. Both processes appear to be regulated by protein synthesis and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent mechanisms.
Medical residents' colorectal cancer screening may be dependent on ambulatory care education.

Colorectal cancer results in significantmorbidity and mortality in the United States. Screeningis a critical component of cancer prevention. However,research has suggested that physicians mayinconsistently adhere to surveillance guidelines. Sinceresidency training can significantly impact upon futurepractice patterns, assessment of postgraduate colorectalcancer education is important. This retrospective chart review of patients ≥50 years of agecompared screening performed by resident physicians' indifferent internal medicine residency programs at TheGeorge Washington University Medical Center. Resident physicians who received multiple lectures incolorectal cancer surveillance or were required todocument performance of screening on a medical recordpreventive care summary form performed significantly more rectal examinations (P < 0.0004), fecaloccult blood testing (P < 0.00001), and flexiblesigmoidoscopies (P < 0.00001) when compared to otherresident physicians. Postgraduate education shouldemploy multiple education techniques and reinforcementprocedures to increase physician compliance with cancerscreening.
Local Distrust and Regime Support: Sources and Effects of Political Trust in China

Political trust is an important indicator of regime support. However, we have yet to fully understand the sources and consequence of varying levels of trust in specific political institutions. Diff...
Biosynthetic considerations of triscatechol siderophores framed on serine and threonine macrolactone scaffolds

Bacteria often produce siderophores to facilitate iron uptake. One of the most studied siderophores is enterobactin, the macrolactone trimer of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl-l-serine, produced by E. coli and many other enteric bacteria. Other siderophores are variants of enterobactin, with structural modifications including expansion of the tri-serine core to a tetra-serine macrolactone, substitution of l-serine with l-threonine, insertion of amino acids (i.e., Gly, l-Ala, d-Lys, d- and l-Arg, l-Orn), catechol glucosylation, and linearization of the tri-serine macrolactone core. In this review we summarize the current understanding of the biosyntheses of these enterobactin variants, placing them in contrast with the well-established biosynthesis of enterobactin.
Concepts of Calculus

Many sorts of calculations press themselves upon us. Thus, given a piece of surface, how does one calculate its area? Or, given a section of a curve, how does one calculate its length or the direction of its tangent line at some point? More generally, how does one calculate the rate at which this or that variable quantity is changing with time? The striking discovery (by Newton and Leibniz) that there were systematic methods to calculate all these things, and many more like them, had a major influence on the directions and structure of Mathematics. For a considerable period, more practical calculations of such things tended to dominate conceptual understanding, in a way that emphasizes the observation that Mathematics takes its origin in human activities.
Mechanical thrombectomy of M1 and M2 middle cerebral artery occlusions.

Background Over half of patients who receive intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for middle cerebral artery division (MCA-M2) occlusion do not recanalize, leaving a large percentage of patients who may need mechanical thrombectomy (MT). However, the outcomes of MT for M2 occlusion have not been well characterized. Objective To determine if MT of M2 occlusion is as safe and efficacious as current standard-of-care MT for M1 occlusions. Methods With institutional review board approval, we retrospectively reviewed records of 212 patients undergoing MT for isolated MCA M1 or M2 occlusions during a 36-month period (Sept 2013 to Sept 2016) at two centres. Treatment variables, clinical outcomes, and complications in each group were recorded. Results There were 153 M1 MCA occlusions and 59 M2 MCA occlusions. No statistically significant difference was found in the rate of mortality (20% in M1 vs 13.6% in M2, p=0.32), excellent (34.5% vs 37.3%, p=0.75) or good (51% vs 55.9%, p=0.54) clinical outcomes between the two groups. Infarct volumes (48.4 mL vs 46.2 mL, p=0.62) were comparable between the two groups, as were the rates of hemorrhagic (3.3% vs 3.4%, p=1.0) and procedural complications (3.3% vs 5.1%, p=0.69). Conclusion Our data on MT targeting M2 occlusions demonstrates reasonable safety and functional outcomes. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to clarify which patients may benefit from MT for M2 occlusions.
Biological distance at the Ryan Mound site

OBJECTIVES The Ryan Mound site in California spans 2000 years and has been utilized in over 200 studies. The Ryan Mound has been assumed to be a culturally and, therefore, a biologically continuous population over time. This study attempts to determine whether adults at the Ryan Mound consisted of a continuous population over the span of three temporal periods by using nonmetric skeletal traits. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-eight nonmetric cranial traits and four nonmetric post-cranial traits were scored on adults. Trait correlations were assessed for sex and age using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. For bilateral traits, data were recorded for both sides, but only results from the left side are reported. Most data were recorded as present or absent. Twelve traits had scores that had more than two nominal categories, which were converted to binary values to enable mean measure of divergence (MMD) statistical analyses. RESULTS After data reduction, 36 traits remained. Using these traits, standardized MMD analyses revealed that the oldest temporal period and the most recent temporal period individuals were significantly different. CONCLUSION This study illustrates the importance of testing for biological continuity. Nonmetric studies provide a way to examine relationships within a sample to determine biological continuity. For the Ryan Mound, new populations may have moved into the region early on as part of the Meganos intrusion, or new populations may have moved into the region later, between AD 1500 and AD 1800. Comparative data from nearby sites further support the Meganos intrusion theory.
Evaluación de las estrategias de ingreso de Colombia al Foro de Cooperación Económica Asia-Pacífico (APEC)

Cada pais prioriza objetivos de corto, mediano y largo plazo para la instrumentalizacion de sus estrategias politicas y economicas de insercion internacional. Colombia no ha sido ajena a esta dinamica. Luego de establecer prioridades y objetivos, que estan articulados a los objetivos e instrumentos de su politica comercial, la politica economica colombiana ha buscado implementar acuerdos comerciales, tratados de libre comercio, acuerdos de asociacion economica, etc. Uno de los objetivos del pais es ingresar al Foro de Cooperacion Economica Asia-Pacifico (APEC), que es una instancia superior de su proceso de integracion economica internacional; sin embargo, no lo ha logrado por la falta de impacto en las estrategias de insercion y, por falta de institucionalidad y seguimiento a la implementacion de la misma. De eso trata el articulo, de explorar por que no ha sido posible ingresar a APEC, meta que se considera prioritaria dentro de la politica exterior colombiana.
Development of an Epiretinal Electronic Visual Prosthesis

Diseases of the retina and optic nerve are common causes of irreversible blind- ness. Given the lack of effective treatments, several laboratories are utilizing micro- electronic technology to develop either a cortical or retinal prosthesis. Each strategy offers certain advantages, but both face numerous and formidable challenges. Conse- quently, a clinically useful device of either type is still conceptual. The technological means to build prostheses are available but the ultimate obstacle is the integration of the technology with the brain. This review primarily focuses on our efforts to develop a retinal prosthesis. In particular we address the two problems that we believe to be most challenging: 1) need to demonstrate that retinal stimulation can produce “useful” vision in a blind patient, and 2) need to demonstrate long-term biocomopatibility of an implanted device in an animal.
Green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles: Challenges and opportunities

The synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles was evaluated using green chemistry metrics, with an emphasis on process mass intensity (PMI). Opportunities for improving synthetic methods were identified based on these metrics. Solvent usage was identified as the biggest challenge among nanoparticle syntheses, including those otherwise deemed as green, with PMIs that were typically in the thousands. The synthesis of ligated metal nanoparticles by arrested precipitation was identified as the best opportunity for making impactful improvements, since they are the most industrially relevant but the least green. Although this review focuses on gold and silver nanoparticles, much of the discussion also pertains to inorganic nanomaterials synthesis in general.
Gases in subsurface openings

When air enters any mine or other subsurface structure, it has a volume composition of approximately 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and 1% other gases on a moisture-free basis. A more precise analysis is given in Table 14.1. However, as the air progresses through the network of underground openings, that composition changes. There are two primary reasons for this. First, the mining of subsurface structures allows any gases that exist in the surrounding strata to escape into the ventilating airstream. Such strata gases have been produced over geological time and remain trapped within the pores or fracture networks of the rock. Methane and carbon dioxide are commonly occurring strata gases.
Presentation and surgical management of hidradenitis suppurativa of the breast during pregnancy: A case report.

Abstract Introduction Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin and soft tissues most commonly affecting the axilla and groin. It presents as recurrent inflamed lesions, abscesses, draining sinus tracts, and scars. Treatment focuses on preventing progression of disease and managing symptoms. There are limited guidelines discussing the treatment of HS during pregnancy as well as the surgical treatment of HS of the breast in young women who desire future lactation. Presentation of case We present a case of a thirty-six-year-old female with HS of the breast during pregnancy. Her condition was recalcitrant to steroid injections, TNF blocker, antibiotics and incision and drainage. She developed numerous active, infected large interconnected lesions in her right breast. The decision was made to perform total excision of the infected area in the right breast. She underwent primary closure of the wound one week after excision and was able to successfully breast feed after this treatment. Discussion Treatment of HS includes both medical and surgical modalities and varies based on the severity of disease. In this patient, definitive but conservative pre-partum treatment was necessary to avoid milk fistula or chronic abscess formation, as the patient's desire was successful postpartum lactation. Conclusion This report describes the successful surgical management of a pregnant woman with severe HS of the breast. This represents an alternative management method in an extreme case of HS, where aggressive medical management was contraindicated.
Electroencephalogram findings in patients with posterior cortical atrophy.

Abstract Aim of the study The aim of this study is to evaluate standard scalp EEG findings in patients with posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), an atypical variant of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clinical rationale PCA is a topographically selective variant of AD. Patients with typical AD have an increased likelihood of seizures, which may negatively impact overall functional performance and cognition. It is currently unknown what the typical EEG findings are for patients with PCA. Materials and methods A retrospective chart review was performed on patients identified either with autopsy confirmed (n = 13) or clinically (n = 126) as PCA. Results 139 patients were included though only 23 (16.5%) had undergone EEG recording. The EEG was normal in 6 (26%), while an abnormal EEG was present in 17 (74%). Interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) were found in 2 of the 23 patients (9%). Conclusions This study of limited sample size suggests that there may be an increased predilection to find IEDs within PCA when compared to typical AD. Larger cohorts are required to determine frequency of abnormal EEGs in PCA, roles of AEDs in therapy, and in the selection of preferred AED. Clinical implications Patients with PCA would potentially benefit from an EEG for assessment of IEDs which may provide the clinician with a therapeutic opportunity.
An unconditionally energy-stable scheme based on an implicit auxiliary energy variable for incompressible two-phase flows with different densities involving only precomputable coefficient matrices

Abstract We present an energy-stable scheme for numerically approximating the governing equations for incompressible two-phase flows with different densities and dynamic viscosities for the two fluids. The proposed scheme employs a scalar-valued auxiliary energy variable in its formulation, and it satisfies a discrete energy stability property. More importantly, the scheme is computationally efficient. Within each time step, it computes two copies of the flow variables (velocity, pressure, phase field function) by solving individually a linear algebraic system involving a constant and time-independent coefficient matrix for each of these field variables. The coefficient matrices involved in these linear systems only need to be computed once and can be pre-computed. Additionally, within each time step the scheme requires the solution of a nonlinear algebraic equation about a scalar-valued number using the Newton's method. The cost for this nonlinear solver is very low, accounting for only a few percent of the total computation time per time step, because this nonlinear equation is about a scalar number, not a field function. Extensive numerical experiments have been presented for several two-phase flow problems involving large density ratios and large viscosity ratios. Comparisons with theory show that the proposed method produces physically accurate results. Simulations with large time step sizes demonstrate the stability of computations and verify the robustness of the proposed method. An implication of this work is that energy-stable schemes for two-phase problems can also become computationally efficient and competitive, eliminating the need for expensive re-computations of coefficient matrices, even at large density ratios and viscosity ratios.
The Elephant in the Zoning Code: Single Family Zoning in the Housing Supply Discussion

Many regions of the United States face a persistent and increasingly dire housing affordability crisis. Despite the agreement among experts that more housing would ameliorate this crisis, we see op...
Design and operating considerations for a shell-and-plate, moving packed-bed, particle-to-sCO2 heat exchanger

Abstract An efficient modeling methodology for simulating moving packed-bed heat exchangers for the application of particle-to-sCO2 heat transfer in next-generation concentrating solar power (CSP) plants is presented. Moving packed-bed heat exchangers have application to power-cycle heat addition for particle-based CSP plants and indirect energy storage for direct sCO2 CSP receivers. Further development of moving packed-bed heat exchangers for application to commercial CSP systems requires numerical simulation tools for the design and evaluation of particle-to-sCO2 heat transfer. In this paper, a steady-state reduced-order model of a shell-and-plate moving packed-bed heat exchanger is presented and used to investigate design considerations and performance limitations. The model appropriately captures the flow configuration of a multi-bank shell-and-plate design where the local cross-flow and global counter-flow configurations are addressed. This allows for the design tradeoffs in heat exchanger geometry and particle properties to be explored on the heat exchanger conductance and sCO2 pressure drop. Overall heat transfer coefficients for the particle-to-sCO2 heat exchanger at CSP operating temperature (500–800 °C) can approach 400 W m−2 K−1 using particle channel dimensions of 4 mm with particle diameters of 200 µm. The sensitivity of particle thermophysical properties was also explored to identify important parameters for improving the overall heat transfer coefficient that can be leveraged in the development of alternative particles. Packed bed void fraction and solid thermal conductivity were identified to be areas for potential improvement of sintered bauxite particles, which could increase the overall heat transfer coefficient by up to 60 W m−2 K−1. To achieve DOE cost targets (
Rethinking the incumbency effect. Radicalization of governing populist parties in East-Central-Europe. A case study of Hungary

ABSTRACTThe paper focuses on the issue of populist parties’ ‘incumbency challenge’ in government position. While populism became a key issue in political science during the past years, research pro...
11.01 – Overview of the Immune System and Immunotoxicology

This chapter is designed to introduce the diversity and complexity of the immune system in terms of general overview that will be expanded upon in the following chapters. The immune system is briefly described with emphasis on the cells providing innate (cell lacking antigen specificity) and adaptive (cells with antigen specificity) immunity. The regulatory factors (cytokines and growth factors) that influence immune cell development, activation, proliferation, differentiation, and function are mentioned. The positive aspects of immunity, which include defenses against infections and cancers, as well as the negative aspects, including different hypersensitivities that can lead to pathophysiological conditions and autoimmune diseases, are described. Mechanisms to circumvent immune responses to self-constituents via tolerogenic processes (processes that prevent responses to antigens) are contrasted with immunogenic responses (immunity to antigens). Throughout the chapter mechanisms that can lead to health problems due to the effects of toxins or toxicants are introduced and many of these immunotoxicological disturbances are more fully explained in the following chapters.
Targeting tumor infiltrating myeloid cells to inhibit tumor progression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

e15217 Background: Human pancreas cancer (PC) is associated with a heavy desmoplastic reaction and bone marrow derived cell influx. Recruitment of these cells by the tumor allows for PC to create a...
Electrochemical properties of the interaction between cytochrome c and a hematite nanowire array electrode.

Abstract We investigate the interaction of horse heart cytochrome c (cyt c) with hematite nanowire array electrodes by cyclic voltammetry to study the electron transfer between redox active proteins and mineral surfaces. Using this model system, we quantify electron transfer rates between cyt c and hematite under varying electric potential and pH conditions. The results are consistent with two cyt c conformations adsorbed at the hematite surface: the native and a partially unfolded form. The partially unfolded protein maintained redox activity, but at a lower redox potential than the native protein. Adsorption of cyt c allowed direct electron transfer between cyt c and hematite, with an interfacial electron transfer rate, k°ET, of 0.4 s−1 for the native form and 0.55 s−1 for the partially unfolded protein at pH 7.07. At pH 4.66, protein adsorption decreased compared to neutral pH and the fraction of partially unfolded protein increased. Additionally, the diffusion controlled electron transfer rate between hematite and the electron shuttling compound anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) was determined to be k°ET = 8.0·10−3 cm·s−1 at pH 7.07. Modulation of electron transfer rates as a result of conformational changes by redox active proteins has broad implications for describing chemical transformations at biological-mineral interfaces.
Use of therapeutic plasma exchange to enhance propafenone elimination following intentional drug overdose

Abstract A 16-year-old female confessed to having intentionally ingested 20–25, 225 mg extended-release capsules of propafenone (4.5–5.6 g) in a suicide attempt. She developed sudden generalized tonic-clonic seizure and markedly prolonged QRS duration with a Brugada-like pattern on ECG. Lorazepam, sodium bicarbonate, and intravenous lipid emulsion therapy were administered; her trachea was intubated for airway protection, and she was admitted to our pediatric intensive care unit for ongoing management. Because propafenone is highly protein-bound and not efficiently removed by hemodialysis, urgent therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was performed as an alternate modality. Although data were not available “real-time,” serum propafenone levels decreased from 2.2 mcg/mL pre-TPE to 0.7 mcg/mL post-TPE. She was successfully extubated the following day, transferred to the general care ward for continued medical observation, and discharged 2 days later to an inpatient psychiatric facility.
Transcriptome dataset of Babesia bovis life stages within vertebrate and invertebrate hosts

Babesia bovis is a hemoprotozoan parasite of cattle that has a complex life cycle within vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. In the mammalian host, B. bovis undergoes asexual reproduction while in the tick midgut, gametes are induced, fuse, and form zygotes. The zygote infects tick gut epithelial cells and transform into kinetes that are released into the hemolymph and invade other tick tissues such as the ovaries, resulting in transovarial transmission to tick offspring. To compare gene regulation between different B. bovis life stages, we collected parasites infecting bovine erythrocytes and tick hemolymph. Total RNA samples were isolated, and multiplexed libraries sequenced using paired-end 100 cycle reads of a HiSeq 2500. The data was normalized using the TMM method and analysed for significant differential expression using the generalized linear model likelihood ratio test (GLM LRT) in edgeR. To validate our datasets, ten genes were selected using NormFinder. Genes that had no significant fold change between the blood and tick stages in the RNA-Seq datasets were tested by quantitative PCR to determine their suitability as "housekeeping" genes. The normalized RNA-Seq data revealed genes upregulated during infection of the mammalian host or tick vector and six upregulated genes were validated by quantitative PCR. These datasets can help identify useful targets for controlling bovine babesiosis.
Decriminalization and the U.N. Human Rights Bodies

Concern about the penal turn in criminal law has sparked a proliferation of scholarship examining criminalization and decriminalization. In the human rights arena, most scholarship has concerned itself with specific categories of criminal offences and whether they are appropriately criminalized, what the consequences of this criminalization are, and the arguments for curtailing criminal regulation. This research tends to be issue specific and is relatively siloed. The current literature is missing analysis on the general interplay of criminalization or decriminalization and human rights law and systems. International and transnational human rights bodies are a significant source of new criminal norms, as national legislatures often pass or repeal laws to fulfill their State’s international obligations. This paper examines the developing jurisprudence on decriminalization at the U.N. human rights bodies, which collectively provide guidance for the development of international human rights norms. It aims to elucidate current patterns and practice in interpreting and applying international human rights norms to the issue of decriminalization writ large, to offer a systematic account of the subject. Further understanding of the scope and content of jurisprudence that supports decriminalization may help inform efforts to reconsider the inappropriate criminalization of a wide array of conduct.
Book Review: Handbook of Positive Youth Development: Advancing Research, Policy, and Practice in Global Contexts

The Handbook of Positive Youth Development: Advancing Research, Policy, and Practice in Global Contexts (2021) edited by Radosveta Dimitrova and Nora Wiium, provides an expansive addition to the literature on Positive Youth Development. It offers stakeholders across disciplinary boundaries cutting-edge frameworks and critical takeaways that will deeply inform research and practice efforts with adolescents. This review provides an overview of the major parts of the edited volume, highlighting specific key chapters and providing suggestions for future directions.
Approach to the patient: Safety of Growth Hormone Replacement in Children and Adolescents.

The use of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in children and adolescents has expanded since its initial approval to treat patients with severe GH deficiency (GHD) in 1985. rhGH is now approved to treat several conditions associated with poor growth and short stature. Recent studies have raised concerns that treatment during childhood may impact morbidity and mortality in adulthood, with specific controversies over cancer risk and cerebrovascular events. We will review three common referrals to a pediatric endocrinology clinic, followed by a summary of short and long term effects of rhGH beyond height outcomes. Methods to mitigate risk will be reviewed. Finally, this information will be applied to each clinical case, highlighting differences in counseling and clinical outcomes. rhGH therapy has been used for over three decades. Data are largely reassuring, yet we still have much to learn about pharmaceutical approaches to growth in children and the lifelong impact of treatment.
Invasive carcinoma of the vulva

Abstract Seventy-seven cases of primary invasive squamous-cell carcinoma of the vulva treated over a 23 year period are reviewed. Adequate treatment by contemporary standards was employed in only 33 per cent of cases prior to 1959 but in 79 per cent since 1964. Hospital mortality rate was 5.1 per cent. The frequency of major complications among patients treated with deep pelvic node dissections was twice that of patients in whom only an inguinal-femoral node dissection was performed. Positive inguinal nodes were encountered in 34 per cent of patients and positive pelvic nodes in 14 per cent. The probability of regional node involvement rose from 10 per cent in lesions less than 2 cm. to 38 per cent where the primary lesion was larger than 2 cm. Long-term complications developed in 48 per cent of adequately treated patients but, with adequate surgery, the net five-year survival increased from 42 to 73 per cent.
CD11b+Ly-6Chi Suppressive Monocytes in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Innate immune cells may regulate adaptive immunity by balancing different lineages of T cells and providing negative costimulation. In addition, CD11b + Gr-1 + myeloid-derived suppressor cells have been described in tumor, parasite infection, and severe trauma models. In this study, we observe that splenic CD11b + cells markedly increase after experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) immunization, and they suppress T cell proliferation in vitro. Although >80% of CD11b + cells express varying levels of Gr-1, only a small population of CD11b + Ly-6C high inflammatory monocytes (IMC) can efficiently suppress T cell proliferation and induce T cell apoptosis through the production of NO. IFN-γ produced by activated T cells is essential to induce IMC suppressive function. EAE immunization increases the frequencies of IMC in the bone marrow, spleen, and blood, but not in the lymph nodes. At the peak of EAE, IMC represent ∼30% of inflammatory cells in the CNS. IMC express F4/80 and CD93 but not CD31, suggesting that they are immature monocytes. Furthermore, IMC have the plasticity to up-regulate NO synthase 2 or arginase 1 expression upon different cytokine treatments. These findings indicate that CD11b + Ly-6C high IMC induced during EAE priming are powerful suppressors of activated T cells. Further understanding of suppressive monocytes in autoimmune disease models may have important clinical implications for human autoimmune diseases.
Relationship between the shape and the membrane potential of human red blood cells

Microscopic observations of isotonic suspensions of human red blood cells demonstrate that cell shape is unaltered when the transmembrane electrical potential, orE m , is set in the range −85 to +10 mV with valinomycin at varied external K+, or K o .E m was measured with the fluorescent potentiometric indicator, diS-C3(5), as calibrated by a ΔpH method. Repeating Glaser's experiments in which echinocytosis was attributed to hyperpolarization, we found that at low ionic strength the pH-dependent effects of amphotericin B appear to be unrelated toE m . The effects of increased intracellular Ca2+, or Ca o , on echinocytosis and onE m are separable. With Ca ionophore A23187 half-maximal echinocytosis occurs at greater Ca o than that which induces the half-maximal hyperpolarization associated with Ca-induced K+ conductance (Gardos effect). Thus, cells hyperpolarized by increased Ca o remain discoidal when Ca is below the threshold for echinocytosis. With A23187 and higher Ca o , extensive echinocytosis occurs in cells which are either hyperpolarized or at their resting potential. The Ca-activation curve for echinocytosis is left-shifted by low K o , a new observation consistent with increased DIDS-sensitive uptake of45Ca by hyperpolarized cells. These results support the following conclusions: (1) the shape and membrane potential of human red blood cells are independent under the conditions studied; (2) in cells treated with A23187, the Gardos effect facilitates echinocytosis by increasing Ca.
Identification of Filling Versus Voiding Reflux as Predictor of Clinical Outcome

Objectives In children diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), the identification of reflux is made during either the filling (filling reflux) or voiding (voiding reflux) phase of the voiding cystourethrogram. A retrospective study was performed to determine whether this radiologic distinction has prognostic significance. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of patients who had undergone voiding cystourethrography from July 1999 to June 2004. Patient age, sex, and reflux grade (unilateral and bilateral) were independently examined in relation to spontaneous resolution, surgical intervention, or observation. These data were subjected to chi-square, analysis of variance with post hoc test, and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results The diagnosis of primary VUR was identified in 218 patients, and sufficient chart information and hardcopy films to permit identification of filling versus voiding reflux were available for 201. Of 201 patients, 115 (57%) had filling reflux and 86 (43%) had voiding reflux. Of the 115 with filling reflux, 53 (46%) underwent surgery and 27 (23%) had spontaneous resolution (P Conclusions Our results have shown that VUR that is first identified during the filling phase of the initial voiding cystourethrogram is more likely to require surgical intervention. In contrast, VUR that is first identified during the voiding phase was independently associated with a greater rate of spontaneous resolution. This radiologic distinction, in addition to reflux grade, might be useful in predicting the clinical outcome for children diagnosed with primary VUR.
Properties of Short-Term Synaptic Depression at Larval Neuromuscular Synapses in Wild-Type and Temperature-Sensitive Paralytic Mutants of Drosophila

The larval neuromuscular synapse of Drosophila serves as an important model for genetic and molecular analysis of synaptic development and function. Further functional characterization of this synapse, as well as adult neuromuscular synapses, will greatly enhance the impact of this model system on our understanding of synaptic transmission. Here we describe a form of short-term synaptic depression observed at larval, but not adult, neuromuscular synapses and explore the underlying mechanisms. Larval neuromuscular synapses exhibited a form of short-term depression that was strongly dependent on stimulation frequency over a narrow range of low frequencies (0.1-1 Hz). This form of synaptic depression, referred to here as low-frequency short-term depression (LF-STD), results from an activity-dependent reduction in neurotransmitter release. However, in contrast to the predictions of depletion models, the degree of depression was independent of the initial level of neurotransmitter release over a range of extracellular calcium concentrations. This conclusion was confirmed in two temperature-sensitive (TS) paralytic mutants, cacophony and shibire, which exhibit reduced neurotransmitter release resulting from conditional disruption of presynaptic calcium channels and dynamin, respectively. Higher stimulation frequencies (40 or 60 Hz) produced two components of depression that appeared to include LF-STD as well as a more conventional component of short-term depression. These findings reveal novel properties of short-term synaptic depression and suggest that complementary genetic analysis of larval and adult neuromuscular synapses will further define the in vivo mechanisms of neurotransmitter release and short-term synaptic plasticity.
Entire solutions of quasilinear elliptic equations

Abstract We study entire solutions of non-homogeneous quasilinear elliptic equations, with Eqs. (1) and (2) below being typical. A particular special case of interest is the following: Let u be an entire distribution solution of the equation Δ p u = | u | q − 1 u , where p > 1 . If q > p − 1 then u ≡ 0 . On the other hand, if 0 q p − 1 and u ( x ) = o ( | x | p / ( p − q − 1 ) ) as | x | → ∞ , then again u ≡ 0 . If q = p − 1 then u ≡ 0 for all solutions with at most algebraic growth at infinity.
Fuel Ethanol Production from Corn Fiber Current Status and Technical Prospects

Corn fiber, which consists of about 20% starch, 14% cellulose, and 35% hemicellulose, has the potential to serve as a low cost feedstock for production of fuel ethanol. Currently, the use of corn fiber to produce fuel ethanol faces significant technical and economic challenges. Its success depends largely on the development of environmentally friendly pretreatment procedures, highly effective enzyme systems for conversion of pretreated corn fiber to fermentable sugars, and efficient microorganisms to convert multiple sugars to ethanol. Several promising pretreatment and enzymatic processes for conversion of corn fiber cellulose, hemicellulose, and remaining starch to fermentable sugars were evaluated. These hydrolyzates were then examined for ethanol production in bioreactors, using genetically modified bacteria and yeast. Several novel enzymes were also developed for use in pretreated corn fiber saccharification.
Zuotin, a DnaJ molecular chaperone, stimulates cap-independent translation in yeast

A small inhibitor RNA (IRNA) isolated from yeast has previously been shown to efficiently block poliovirus and hepatitis C virus IRES-mediated translation by sequestering mammalian RNA-binding (transacting) factors that play important roles in cap-independent translation. Here we have investigated the IRNA-binding proteins that might be involved in cap-independent translation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . We have identified Zuotin, a DnaJ chaperone protein similar to mammalian HSP-40 chaperone, which interacts strongly with IRNA. Using ZUO1 -deleted S. cerevisiae , we demonstrate a preferential requirement of Zuo1p for cap-independent translation mediated by the 5′ untranslated region of the yeast TFIID mRNA. Further studies using zuo1 Δ S. cerevisiae complemented with various Zuo1p mutants indicate that the DnaJ domain of Zuo1p, known to influence its interaction with HSP-70, significantly affects cap-independent translation. These results demonstrate for the first time a role for an established chaperone protein in cap-independent translation of a cellular mRNA.
Subject and experimenter errors in behavioral research with particular reference to motor behavior.

Sources of error stemming from S and E and their interaction were identified, their prevalence in behavioral science research discussed, and means for eliminating or discounting them suggested. The findings reviewed indicated that E may bias his findings by indicating to S the demand characteristics of the experimental situation. S errors include such behavior as trying to be over-helpful, attempting to defeat E’s intentions, and the Hawthorne effect. Errors from E may arise by transmitting subtle cues to S as to the hypothesized outcome of the experiment, E’s various characteristics, situational factors, and intentional errors. The applicability of these errors to mo tor behavior research was discussed.
The Hillsborough County, Florida, Juvenile Assessment Center: A Prototype:

Juvenile Assessment Centers (JACs) or community assessment centers are essentially screening and classification programs that assess the nature and extent of risks to and from arrested juveniles. This article presents a brief account of the Hillsborough County (Tampa, Florida) JAC, a model for JACs that is currently being implemented throughout Florida and is suggested as a prototype for communities throughout the nation. Identifying, assessing, referring, and ensuring that services for juveniles are delivered and received is extremely important given current levels and recent increases in both violent crime and drug use among U.S. youth.