cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Conflict Between Ethics and Business in Community Pharmacy: What About Patient Counseling?

Patient counseling is a cornerstone of ethical pharmacy practice and high quality pharmaceutical care. Counseling promotes patient compliance with prescription regimens and prevents dangerous drug interactions and medication errors. Counseling also promotes informed consent and protects pharmacists against legal risks. However, economic, social, and technological changes in pharmacy practice often force community pharmacists to choose between their professional obligations to counsel patients and business objectives. State and federal legislatures have enacted laws that require pharmacists to counsel patients, but these laws have had mixed results. This essay argues that community pharmacy's patient counseling conundrum can be solved through additional moral education and moral persuasion, not through additional legal mandates.
The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act: An Empirical Examination of the Act's Business Bankruptcy Effects

This paper uses a multivariate logistic regression model to examine empirically and quantify for the first time the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act’s (BAPCPA) effect on the Chapter 11 landscape. Two samples are tested: a general sample consisting of firms from various corporate sectors, and a sample consisting only of retailers. Both studies show that the 2005 amendments had a statistically significant effect on traditional Chapter 11 practice. In particular, post-BAPCPA we observe a rise in rapid dispositions through the form of a sale of all or substantially all debtor assets. Indeed, in the post-amendments era, debtors are increasingly using §363 of the Bankruptcy Code to exit Chapter 11 within a few months after filing for bankruptcy. Now debtors do not spend time negotiating with their creditors to write down debt, but instead seek a strategic buyer at the outset of the case, or liquidate in the early stages of the Chapter 11 proceedings. This trend can be attributed to certain 2005 provisions that have the effect of depleting the debtor of the two elements most necessary for a lengthy case: money and time.
The jamming avoidance response in Eigenmannia is controlled by two separate motor pathways

The gymnotiform fish Eigenmannia generates weakly electric signals for electrolocation and communication. The signals are produced by electric organ discharges (EODs) that are driven by a medullary pacemaker nucleus. To avoid jamming by neighboring conspecifics with similar frequencies, a fish raises its own EOD frequency if the neighbor's frequency is lower, and it lowers its EOD frequency if the neighbor's frequency is higher (Watanabe and Takeda, 1963). Both the raising and lowering of EOD frequency of this jamming avoidance response (JAR; Bullock et al., 1972) are thought to be controlled by feature-extracting neurons in the diencephalic prepacemaker nucleus (PPn-G) that discriminate the sign of the frequency difference between the jamming signal and the fish's EOD (Kawasaki et al., 1988a; Rose et al., 1988; for review, see Heiligenberg, 1991). These prepacemaker neurons are excited in response to lower jamming frequencies, thereby raising the frequency, and inhibited by higher jamming frequencies, producing a discharge deceleration. The results of experiments presented here, however, suggest a mechanism for the motor control of the JAR that is different from the one described previously (see, e.g., Heiligenberg, 1991). Two prepacemaker nuclei, one PPn-G and one sublemniscal prepacemaker nucleus (SPPn) (Keller et al., 1991 a,b), which provide the only known inputs to the pacemaker, were lesioned selectively. This article explores the effects of these lesions on the JAR. Pharmacological experiments were used to elucidate the transmitter types involved. The results suggest that the JAR is controlled by two separate motor pathways. One controls frequency rises and originates in the dorsal substructure of the nucleus electrosensorius (Keller, 1988). It sends excitatory connections to the diencephalic prepacemaker and finally to the pacemaker nucleus, where AMPA-type receptors mediate the synaptic transmission. The second pathway controls frequency decreases and originates in the ventral substructure of the nucleus electrosensorius. It provides GABAergic input to the SPPn. The SPPn is tonically active and also controls the EOD frequency even in the absence of jamming signals. Its projection to the pacemaker nucleus is mediated by NMDA-type receptors. The results of this study suggest that there is no single population of final, feature-extracting elements or "recognition units" that controls JAR-related shifts of the pacemaker frequency. Instead, the motor control of the JAR consists of an interaction of two independent pathways according to a "push-pull" principle.
Family home childcare providers: a comparison of subsidized and non‐subsidized working environments and employee issues

Federal and State Governments provide childcare subsidies for low‐income working families. This study compares the encountered issues and working environments of family home providers of subsidized and non‐subsidized childcare. Questionnaires were distributed throughout a southeastern state in the United States to 548 family home childcare providers. Differences between subsidized and non‐subsidized providers with regard to their perspectives on training, staff sizes and availability of care are discussed.
Dynamic structure selection and instabilities of driven Josephson lattice in high-temperature superconductors

We investigate the dynamics of the Josephson vortex lattice in layered high-${T}_{c}$ superconductors at high magnetic fields. Starting from coupled equations for superconducting phases and magnetic field we derive equations for the relative displacements (phase shifts) between the planar Josephson arrays in the layers. These equations reveal two families of steady-state solutions: lattices with constant phase shifts between neighboring layers, starting from zero for a rectangular configuration to $\ensuremath{\pi}$ for a triangular configuration, and double-periodic lattices. We find that the excess Josephson current is resonantly enhanced when the Josephson frequency matches the frequency of the plasma mode at the wave vector selected by the lattice structure. The regular lattices exhibit several kinds of instabilities. We find stability regions of the moving lattice in the plane [lattice structure]-[Josephson frequency]. A specific lattice structure at given velocity is selected uniquely by boundary conditions, which are determined by the reflection properties of electromagnetic waves generated by the moving lattice. With increase of velocity the moving configuration experiences several qualitative transformations. At small velocities the regular lattice is stable and the phase shift between neighboring layers smoothly decreases with increase of velocity, starting from $\ensuremath{\pi}$ for a static lattice. At the critical velocity the lattice becomes unstable. At even higher velocity a regular lattice is restored again with the phase shift smaller than \ensuremath{\pi}/2. With increase of velocity, the structure evolves towards a rectangular configuration.
Multidecompositions of Several Graph Products

We find necessary and sufficient conditions for (C 4, E 2) multidecompositions of the cartesian product and tensor product of paths, cycles, and complete graphs.
Is the dynamics of open quantum systems always linear

We study the influence of the preparation of an open quantum system on its reduced time evolution. In contrast to the frequently considered case of an initial preparation where the total density matrix factorizes into a product of a system density matrix and a bath density matrix the time evolution generally is no longer governed by a linear map nor is this map affine. Put differently, the evolution is truly nonlinear and cannot be cast into the form of a linear map plus a term that is independent of the initial density matrix of the open quantum system. As a consequence, the inhomogeneity that emerges in formally exact generalized master equations is in fact a nonlinear term that vanishes for a factorizing initial state. The general results are elucidated with the example of two interacting spins prepared at thermal equilibrium with one spin subjected to an external field. The second spin represents the environment. The field allows the preparation of mixed density matrices of the first spin that can be represented as a convex combination of two limiting pure states, i.e., the preparable reduced density matrices make up a convex set. Moreover, the map from these reduced density matrices onto the corresponding density matrices of the total system is affine only for vanishing coupling between the spins. In general, the set of the accessible total density matrices is nonconvex.
Damping of inter-area oscillations using energy storage

Low frequency inter-area oscillations have been identified as a significant problem in utility systems due to the potential for system damage and the resulting restrictions on power transmission over select lines. Previous research has identified real power injection by energy storage based damping control nodes as a promising approach to mitigate inter-area oscillations. In this paper, a candidate energy storage system based on UltraCapacitor technology is evaluated for damping control applications in the Western Electric Coordinating Council (WECC), and an analytical method for ensuring proper stability margins is also presented for inclusion in a future supervisory control algorithm. Dynamic simulations of the WECC were performed to validate the expected system performance. Finally, the Nyquist stability criteria was employed to derive safe operating regions in the gain, time delay space for a simple two-area system to provide guaranteed margins of stability.
Reply by Author to C.T. Hsu

T comments were made by Hsu. They all dispute the power output limitation of the Tornado-Type Wind Energy System proposed by Yen. * Any wind turbine output, considering incompressible flow, is limited to the product of the volume flow rate through the turbine multiplied by the difference in total pressure of the air upstream minus that downstream of the turbine. This is also called the "Extended Bernouilli Equation." The first comment made is that Loth erroneously used the free wind speed V^ to compute the turbine upstream total pressure value and used P. = ^ 'upstream POO + 1/2 p V^ instead of using the exit velocity Ve. The next comment is that Loth's derivation for the maximum value of the tower exit velocity is "somewhat doubtful." Loth's maximum value of Ve is based on the assmption that the angular momentum of the flow leaving the tower can never be greater than that of the flow entering the tower through the slots in the tower wall. Therefore, the higher the peak tangential velocity inside the tower the higher the angular momentum and thus the lower is the allowable axial exhaust velocity Ve. Hsu argues that this seems unreasonable and shows disagreement with Yen's test data. I attribute this disagreement to high viscous dissipation of angular momentum in the tower. Because Ve is only caused by the exhaust plume drag, I see no reason why Ve would ever be greater than the value assumed by conservation of angular momentum.
In situ detection and quantification of bursa of fabricius cellular proliferation or apoptosis in normal or steroid-treated neonatal chicks

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is believed to be the mechanism for depletion of lymphocytes recognizing self-antigens following clonal expansion in the bursa of Fabricius. Although bursal apoptosis has previously been shown to increase following in vivo exposure to glucocorticoids, the microanatomical site of induced or normal apoptosis has not been unequivocally established. Presently, we adapted the existing terminal deoxynucleotidal transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay for use with neonatal bursae. Similar to previous reports, TUNEL revealed that normal apoptosis is preferentially, but not exclusively, ongoing in bursal follicular cortical cells. Administration of a single dose of a synthetic glucocorticoid (dexamethasone) or androgen (19-nortestosterone) did not significantly (P < 0.05) alter follicular lymphocyte numbers or apoptosis per unit of area at the time points evaluated post-administration (6 or 24 h). However, administration of 19-Nortestosterone increased the interfollicular epithelial thickness, a change usually associated with edema, within 6 h following treatment. Additionally, administration of the androgen 19-nortestosterone significantly decreased the number of proliferating cells as detected using mouse anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as a primary immunohistochemical antibody. In normal (control) bursal sections, occasional follicles consisting of predominantly apoptotic cells were observed (0.26% of follicles). Such follicles were consistently one-tenth the area of normal follicles. This incidental finding may suggest occasional occurrence of a common signal for deletion, such as a common integral or clonal mistake, viral infection, or an aberrant paracrine signal.
Differential activation of nuclear transcription factor κB, gene expression, and proteins by amifostine's free thiol in human microvascular endothelial and glioma cells

The effects of WR1065 (SH), the free thiol form of amifostine, on nuclear transcription factor κB (NFκB) activation, manganese superoxide dismutase ( MnSOD ) gene expression, and secretion of human vascular endothelia cell growth factor (hVEGF), basic fibroblasts growth factor (bFGF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, P-selectin, and interleukins IL-1α, IL-6, and IL-8 were investigated and compared in human microvascular endothelial (HMEC) and human glioma cells. WR1065 was evaluated at 2 concentrations, 4 mmol/L, ie, its most effective cytoprotective dose, and 40 μmol/L, a noncytoprotective but highly effective dose capable of preventing radiation and chemotherapeutic drug-induced mutations in exposed cells. A 30-minute exposure of HMEC and glioma cell lines U87 and U251 to WR1065 at either of the concentrations resulted in a marked activation of NFκB as determined by a gel shift assay, with the maximum effect observed between 30 minutes and 1 hour after treatment. Using a supershift assay, WR1065 exposure was observed to affect only the p50–p65 heterodimer, and not the homodimers or heterodimers containing p52 or c-Rel subunits of NFκB. WR1065 was also found to enhance MnSOD gene expression in both HMEC and glioma cells. Gene expression was enhanced 1.8-fold over control levels in HMEC over a period ranging from 12 to 24 hours after the time of maximum activation of NFκB. In contrast, MnSOD gene expression in U87 cells rose 3.5 times above control levels over this same period. WR1065 had no effect on the levels of adhesion molecules, cytokines, and growth factors secreted by cells exposed for up to 24 hours as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
A portable, integrated analyzer for microfluidic - based molecular analysis

A portable, fully automated analyzer that provides actuation and flow control to a disposable, self-contained, microfluidic cassette (“chip”) for point-of-care, molecular testing is described. The analyzer provides mechanical actuation to compress pouches that pump liquids in the cassette, to open and close diaphragm valves for flow control, and to induce vibrations that enhance stirring. The analyzer also provides thermal actuation for the temperature cycling needed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of nucleic acids and for various drying processes. To improve the temperature uniformity of the PCR chamber, the system utilizes a double-sided heating/cooling scheme with a custom feedforward, variable, structural proportional-integral-derivative (FVSPID) controller. The analyzer includes a programmable central processing unit that directs the sequence and timing of the various operations and that is interfaced with a computer. The disposable cassette receives a sample, and it carries out cell lysis, nucleic acid isolation, concentration, and purification, thermal cycling, and either real time or lateral flow (LF) based detection. The system’s operation was demonstrated by processing saliva samples spiked with B. cereus cells. The amplicons were detected with a lateral flow assay using upconverting phosphor reporter particles. This system is particularly suited for use in regions lacking centralized laboratory facilities and skilled personnel.
The Blame in the Bottle: Attributions about Drunken Behavior

In an experiment designed to apply Kelley's (1972) concept of causal schemata to drunken behavior, subjects read short stories depicting acts that did or did not have an a priori association with alcohol use. The actor was presented as either drunk or sober and as either an alcoholic or social drinker. Participants rated the actor's role as to perceived cause, responsibility, blame, and suggested punishment. Intoxication of the actor led to decreased attributions, with acts associated with alcohol not affected differently than nonassociated acts. The four dependent measures showed a pattern consistent with earlier findings that these variables reflect different judgments.
Technical Change the Real Wage and the Rate of Exploitation: The Falling Rate of Profit Reconsidered

The Okishio theorem, according to which rational capitalists can never introduce technical changes which lower the rate of profit if the real wage is constant, is developed in the framework of a two sector circulating capital model. The model is extended to the alternative case of a constant rate of exploitation, in which it appears that rational behavior can lead to a falling rate of profit. The results are re-examined for a simple fixed capital case; a constraint upon possible innovations is introduced, which makes it possible to identify an optimal choice of technique and conditions under which such choice will result in a capital intensifying, falling profit rate path. Wider implications of the falling profit rate debate for the concept of capital and the nature of capitalism's immanent contradictions are considered.
How profitable is risk selection? A comparison of four risk adjustment models

To mitigate selection triggered by capitation payments, risk-adjustment models bring capitation payments closer on average to individuals' expected expenditure. We examine the maximum potential profit that plans could hypothetically gain by using their own private information to select low-cost enrollees when payments are made using four commonly used risk adjustment models. Simulations using a privately insured sample suggest that risk selection profits remain substantial. The magnitude of potential profit varies according to the risk adjustment model and the private information plans can employ to identify profitable enrollees.
U.S. Air Force Ballistic Winds program

The Air Force Wright Laboratory has successfully flown two micron laser radars and is preparing to fly a third. These systems are designed to provide real-time 3D maps of the wind fields between the aircraft and the ground. This paper briefly describes these systems and the demonstrated performance of each. Future measurement efforts of this program ar also discussed.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Ξ - Production by K - Mesons

Author(s): Fowler, William B.; Birge, Robert W.; Eberhard, Phillippe; Ely, Robert; Good, Myron L.; Powell, Wilson M.; Ticho, Harold K.
Insect herbivores, density dependence, and the performance of the perennial herb Solanum carolinense

How insect herbivores affect plant performance is of central importance to basic and applied ecology. A full understanding of herbivore effects on plant performance requires understanding interactions (if any) of herbivore effects with plant density and size because these interactions will be critical for determining how herbivores influence plant population size. However, few studies have considered these interactions, particularly over a wide enough range of densities to detect nonlinear effects. Here we ask whether plant density and herbivores influence plant performance linearly or nonlinearly, how plant density affects herbivore damage, and how herbivores alter density dependence in transitions between plant size classes. In a large field experiment, we manipulated the density of the herbaceous perennial plant Solanum carolinense and herbivore presence in a fully crossed design. We measured plant size, sexual reproduction, and damage to plants in two consecutive years, and asexual reproduction of new stems in the second year, allowing us to characterize both plant performance and rates of transition between plant size classes across years. We found nonlinear effects of plant density on damage. Damage by herbivores and plant density both influenced sexual and asexual reproduction of S. carolinense; these effects were mostly mediated via effects on plant size. Importantly, we found that herbivores altered the pattern of linear density dependence in some transition rates (including survival and asexual reproduction) between plant size classes. These results suggest that understanding the ecological or evolutionary effects of herbivores on plant populations requires consideration of plant density and plant size, because feedbacks between density, herbivores, and plant size may complicate longer-term dynamics.
p53 Targets Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen for Acetylation by CBP

Simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen (T Ag) interacts with the tumor suppressor p53 and the transcriptional coactivators CBP and p300. Binding of these cellular proteins in a ternary complex has been implicated in T Ag-mediated transformation. It has been suggested that the ability of CBP/p300 to modulate p53 function underlies p53's regulation of cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. In this study, we provide further evidence that CBP activity may be mediated through its synergistic action with p53. We demonstrate that SV40 T Ag is acetylated in vivo in a p53-dependent manner and T Ag acetylation is largely mediated by CBP. The acetylation of T Ag is dependent on its interaction with p53 and on p53's interaction with CBP. We have mapped the site of acetylation on T Ag to the C-terminal lysine residue 697. This acetylation site is conserved between the T antigens of the human polyomaviruses JC and BK, which are also known to interact with p53. We show that both JC and BK T antigens are also acetylated at corresponding sites in vivo. While other proteins are known to be acetylated by CBP/p300, none are known to depend on p53 for acetylation. T Ag acetylation may provide a regulatory mechanism for T Ag binding to a cellular factor or play a role in another aspect of T Ag function.
Modification and calibration of the Bigliano-Webb Tonometer for improved accuracy of tonometry in rabbits.

The Bigliano-Webb Tonometer (Pneumatonograph) was calibrated for adult and young rabbit eyes using open stopcock and closed stopcock methods. The performance of an old and new instrument were compared illustrating the importance of recent calibration of the instrument for most accurate use. The fact that this tonometer is a high displacement tonometer which requires specific calibration, not only for species but for age of the animal (or size of the eye) is illustrated. A minor modification of the instrument—reducing the setting of a pressure regulator which supplies gas to the tip from its nominal 9 PSI to 2.5 PSI—is illustrated as a method of reducing the difference between intraocular pressure before tonometry and during tonometry, Pt-Po.
Physical properties of GexAs2xTe100 ― 3x glasses and Raman spectroscopic analysis of their short-range structure

Abstract Ternary Ge x As 2x Te 100 − 3x glasses with 20 ≤ 3x ≤ 70 have been investigated to determine the compositional dependence of select physical properties. Molar volume, viscosity, optical band gap and thermophysical properties display a monotonic and often linear variation with the Te content in these glasses. Such compositional dependence is hypothesized to be due to the progressive replacement of a three-dimensional network of corner-shared Ge and As centered coordination polyhedra by –Te–Te–Te– chains as the Te content increases. This topologic change arises as Ge/As–Ge/As bonds in Te-deficient glasses are gradually replaced by Ge/As–Te bonds and ultimately the Te–Te bonds in Te-excess glasses. The compositional evolution of the Raman spectra of these glasses is shown to be consistent with this structural scenario. Furthermore, detailed analysis of the Raman spectra shows significant violation of chemical order in the form of the presence of Te–Te (Ge/As–Ge/As) bonds in Te-deficient (-excess) glasses. Such behavior in ternary Ge–As telluride glasses is unique in comparison with their sulfide and selenide counterparts.
Biochemical and molecular characterization of acetylcholinesterase from the hagfish Myxine glutinosa.

Abstract To obtain information about the evolution of the cholinesterases, we investigated the cholinesterase activity of an agnathan vertebrate, the hagfish Myxine glutinosa . On the basis of evidence from enzymology, pharmacology, and molecular biology, we conclude that the cholinesterase activity is due to acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The enzyme hydrolyzes acetylthiocholine preferentially and exhibits substrate inhibition. The hydrolysis of both acetylthiocholine and butyrylthiocholine are inhibited in parallel by cholinesterase inhibitors, with the ACNE-specific drug BW284c51 being the most potent; however, this drug and propidium, a peripheral anionic site ligand, are much weaker inhibitors of the hagfish enzyme than of Torpedo ACNE. We used sequential extraction, collagenase digestion, and velocity sedimentation on sucrose gradients to determine that the AChE from the skeletal muscle of the hagfish is present in both globular and asymmetric forms. We also used the polymerase chain reaction with degenerate oligonucleotide probes and genomic DNA to obtain a 1 kb gene fragment for hagfish ACNE. The enzyme has an acyl binding site typical of other vertebrate ACNE, but lacks two aromatic residues implicated in the function of the peripheral anionic subsite. We discuss the relevance of our findings to the evolution of the cholinesterases in the vertebrates.
Electroconvulsive therapy in a pediatric patient with malignant catatonia and paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis.

Accidental induction of convulsions by using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been reported to have occurred in 6 normal voluntary subjects, in 1 patient with depression and in 1 patient who had temporal lobe epilepsy, with secondary generalization. In addition, 3 other cases have been published relating its use with seizure induction and in 1 case, using 1-Hz stimulation. In this paper, we report a patient who was participating in a protocol for the use of rTMS in chronic pain, with stimulation in the motor cortex, who developed a generalized seizure in the fifth application. Intertrain interval was within safety guidelines, but the combination of 10 Hz for 10 seconds was excessive and must be considered the main cause for the episode. No further complication has been noted after she was withdrawn from the study protocol.
Pericardial effusion and pericardiocentesis in human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Abstract HIV infection is common in patients undergoing pericardiocentesis in urban settings. The diagnostic use of pericardiocentesis in this population has been questioned 16 ; in our experience the yield of pericardiocentesis was 36% (5 of 14 subjects). Most strikingly, the procedure provided unexpected diagnostic information with clinical management implications. The total lack of concordance between infections in other organ systems and in the pericardium underscores the need for caution when making assumptions about the etiology of pericardial effusion in HIV infection.
Metallic Wedge Degraders for Rapid Energy Measurement of Bevalac Heavy Ion Beams

The measurement of range using a metallic wedge and photographic film as a detecting medium provides a rapid, efficient and quite accurate method of determining ion beam energies over a wide region of energies. To most effectively cover different energy regions we have fabricated two wedges, one of aluminum the other of copper, and a set of rectangular blocks to provide total thicknesses of around 15 cm. This set very adequately covers most of the experimental beam/energy configurations encountered at the Bevalac.
Hobbes, Definitions, and Simplest Conceptions

Several recent commentators argue that Thomas Hobbes’s account of the nature of science is conventionalist. Engaging in scientific practice on a conventionalist account is more a matter of making sure one connects one term to another properly rather than checking one’s claims, e.g., by experiment. In this paper, I argue that the conventionalist interpretation of Hobbesian science accords neither with Hobbes’s theoretical account in De corpore and Leviathan nor with Hobbes’s scientific practice in De homine and elsewhere. Closely tied to the conventionalist interpretation is the deductivist interpretation, on which it is claimed that Hobbes believed sciences such as optics are deduced from geometry. I argue that Hobbesian science places simplest conceptions as the foundation for geometry and the sciences in which we use geometry, which provides strong evidence against both the conventionalist and deductivist interpretations.
Institutional Goal and Congruence: A Study of Student, Faculty, and Administrator Preferences.

Whether one employs the bureaucratic, collegium, political, or another model to understand and interpret the functioning of colleges and universities, the problems of goal definition and attainment are of paramount importance. While several studies have begun to provide tentative empirical evidence about the possibility of conflicting institutional goal priorities between campus groups, the results to date are incomplete and, in some instances, contradictory. The present study compared the preferences of students, faculty, and administrators in a public, four-year college for five types of institutional goals derived from a factor analysis of 47 goal statements developed by Gross and Grambsch (1968). Significant differences were found between these campus groups on all five types of institutional goals. These differences are discussed within the context of previous research findings, and further areas of research are suggested to explore the degree of goal consensus in institutions of higher learning. It is suggested that the failure of researchers to undertake these investigations and of those “in control” to act upon the results of these inquiries might produce greater damage to the future of American higher education than resulted from the recent era of student unrest.
FOG-2 mediated recruitment of the NuRD complex regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation during heart development

Abstract FOG-2 is a multi-zinc finger protein that binds the transcriptional activator GATA4 and modulates GATA4-mediated regulation of target genes during heart development. Our previous work has demonstrated that the Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex physically interacts with FOG-2 and is necessary for FOG-2 mediated repression of GATA4 activity in vitro. However, the relevance of this interaction for FOG-2 function in vivo has remained unclear. In this report, we demonstrate the importance of FOG-2/NuRD interaction through the generation and characterization of mice homozygous for a mutation in FOG-2 that disrupts NuRD binding (FOG-2R3K5A). These mice exhibit a perinatal lethality and have multiple cardiac malformations, including ventricular and atrial septal defects and a thin ventricular myocardium. To investigate the etiology of the thin myocardium, we measured the rate of cardiomyocyte proliferation in wild-type and FOG-2R3K5A developing hearts. We found cardiomyocyte proliferation was reduced by 31±8% in FOG-2R3K5A mice. Gene expression analysis indicated that the cell cycle inhibitor Cdkn1a (p21cip1) is up-regulated 2.0±0.2-fold in FOG-2R3K5A hearts. In addition, we demonstrate that FOG-2 can directly repress the activity of the Cdkn1a gene promoter, suggesting a model by which FOG-2/NuRD promotes ventricular wall thickening by repression of this cell cycle inhibitor. Consistent with this notion, the genetic ablation of Cdkn1a in FOG-2R3K5A mice leads to an improvement in left ventricular function and a partial rescue of left ventricular wall thickness. Taken together, our results define a novel mechanism in which FOG-2/NuRD interaction is required for cardiomyocyte proliferation by directly down-regulating the cell cycle inhibitor Cdkn1a during heart development.
Ocean acoustic field simulations for monitoring large-scale ocean structures

Abstract Substantial numerical simulations of low-frequency acoustic field under different ocean models have been carried out on the CYBER-205 at WPL/NOAA. The purpose of these numerical simulations is to investigate our potential ability to monitor large-scale ocean structures by using modal ocean acoustic tomography (MOAT). For example, the possibility of monitoring El Nino by using MOAT has been illustrated.
Numerical Analysis of Hybrid Rocket Combustion

Hybrid rocket combustion has important effects on rocket performance. The solid fuel regression rate is an important quantity in the hybrid rocket operation. In the past years, experimental and analytical investigations have been conducted to find correlations to correctly predict the regression rate. Numerical computations are becoming more important in the estimation of the characteristic parameters of such a complex combustion that embraces many different phenomena. This study predicts the regression rate of the Hydroxyl-Terminated Poly-Butadiene/Gaseous Oxygen formulation and its sensitivities to some operating parameters, such as combustion chamber pressure, oxygen inlet temperature, and mass flow rate. Furthermore, an analysis of other variables is used to explain the experimentally observed regression rate behavior. Particular emphasis is placed on the effect of the oxygen between the flame and the surface, which is considered responsible for the pyrolysis process enhancement.
South Coast New Guinea Cultures: History, Comparison, Dialectic

Part I. Grounding: 1. Theoretical and ethnographic context 2. Historical background and regional configuration Part II. Critique: 3. Sexuality in the regional analysis of south New Guinea 4. The analytic legacy of homosexual emphasis: language, subsistence, and political economy 5. Women's status 6. Trends in comparative analysis Part III. Reconfiguration: 7. Theoretical reconfiguration 8. Marind-anim 9. Symbolic and sociopolitical permutations 10. Regional characteristics and comparisons Appendix Notes References Index.
Plasma-engineered Si−SiO2 interfaces: monolayer nitrogen atom incorporation by low-temperature remote plasma-assisted oxidation in N2O

Abstract This paper presents experimental studies in which N-atoms have been incorporated at Si−SiO 2 interfaces by forming the interface and oxide film by a 300 °C remote plasma-assisted nitridation/oxidation process using N 2 O. Process dynamics have been studied by interrupted plasma processing using on-line Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Based on the on-line AES, and complementary ex situ secondary ion mass spectroscopy and optical second harmonic generation results, monolayer nitrogen atom interface coverage has been confirmed. The factors that contribute to preferential nitrogen atom attachment at the Si−SiO 2 interface have been identified.
Trap distribution in gold-refractory/GaAs Schottky barriers

Abstract Interfacial and bulk traps are shown to be introduced in GaAs Schottky barriers as a result of metal deposition. Majority carrier and minority carrier traps are correlated with degradation in field effect transistor properties. The interface traps are present in both the sputtered and electron beam evaporated layers.
Transition metal complexes of 2,4,6-trimercapto-1,3,5-triazine (TMT): potential precursors to nanoparticulate metal sulfides

Abstract Although known for over 100 years, complexes of the TMT ligand with transition metals have not, until now, been prepared in a predictable and controlled manner. In the present work, high yield, intentional syntheses of a series of transition metal–TMT combinations are reported. These are of the form M3(TMT)2·nH2O (M=Co (1), Cu (2), Cd(3)), M(HTMT)·nH2O (M=Co (4), Cu (5)) and M(H2TMT)2·nH2O (M=Co (6), Cu (7)). They are prepared by carefully controlling the pH of aqueous TMT solutions and metal to ligand stoichiometry. Serving to demonstrate that these transition metal–TMT complexes may be useful as materials precursors, nanoparticulate Greenockite (CdS) was formed by increasing the pH of a solution of 3.
Genetics of toxin production and resistance in phytopathogenic bacteria

Genes for phytotoxin production have been identified and cloned from several phytopathogenic pseudomonads. These genes comprise physically linked clusters that have been located both on the chromosome and on endogenous plasmids. Contained within these genetic regions are resistance genes specific to those toxins that have a bactericidal component to their activity. DNA sequences required for toxin production are often conserved among bacteria with divergent host specificities, suggesting the ability of toxin genes to be transferred between bacteria. Toxins are usually modulators of plant pathogenicity, their production causing a significant increase in disease severity. In one case, however, toxin production appears to be a major contributor to the basic pathogenicity of a plant pathogenic bacterium.
The development of ear preferences in stuttering and nonstuttering children: A longitudinal study

Abstract This study examined laterality changes in young stuttering and nonstuttering children. Subjects were given a dichotic listening task in three consecutive years to examine developmental trends. Results suggest that younger stutterers present fewer right-ear advantages than nonstuttering subjects. A shifting of ear preference was seen in both groups over the course of the study. Four of the stuttering subjects recovered from their stuttering during the study. Examination of the initial ear preferences and recovery status showed no significant relationship. Similarities between the groups and limitations of the study are discussed.
Social profile: assessment of validity and reliability with preschool children.

Background The Social Profile evaluates the social participation levels of children in activity groups and is based on the concepts of group social participation, interaction behavioural skills, and process factors. The 7 factors for each of the group levels in the Social Profile are cooperation, norms, roles, communication, activity behaviour, power and attraction. Purpose This study evaluates the validity and reliability of the Social Profile. Method A panel of eleven judges examined the content of the Social Profile and their recommendations were incorporated. Two occupational therapy observers measured group skills in 15 preschool groups of typically developing children. Results Cluster analysis of the study data indicated distinctions between skill clusters of social participation levels. Factor analysis confirmed these theoretical and clinical field component factors as distinct behaviours. Clinical implications The Social Profile has the potential to be used with a wide range of children to assess and treat their social skill deficits. Occupational therapy students and clinicians can use the assessment for training and to expand their observational abilities for evaluating social skills.
Patterns and regulation of estradiol metabolism by hepatic microsomes from two species of marine teleosts

Abstract Estradiol (E 2 ) metabolites formed in vitro by microsomes from the marine teleosts winter flounder ( Pseudopleuronectes americanus ) and scup ( Stenotomus chrysops ) included at least seven products detected by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The least polar metabolite was shown to be estrone by chromatographic and mass spectrometric identity with authentic estrone. Chromatographic analyses coupled with dual-label experiments also indicated formation of the catecholestrogen 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OH-E 2 ), which was the most prominent metabolite determined by TLC. Analysis of microsomal E 2 2-hydroxylase activity by measuring the specific release of 3 H 2 O from [2- 3 H]E 2 indicated that it is mediated by cytochrome P -450. E 2 2-hydroxylase activity normalized to microsomal protein was lower in females than in males for microsomes from both mature scup and winter flounder. Activity normalized to liver weight or body weight in female winter flounder was also lower than that in males. However, activity normalized to cytochrome P -450 content did not show sex differences in either species. E 2 2-hydroxylase activity per nanomole cytochrome P -450 was reduced in scup treated with β-naphthoflavone, which induces the hydrocarbon hydroxylase cytochrome P -450E. Studies employing reconstituted P -450E and microsomes preincubated with polyclonal antibodies against P -450E confirmed that this isozyme does not catalyze E 2 2-hydroxylase activity in microsomes. However, preliminary work with scup cytochrome P -450A suggests that it may be an E 2 2-hydroxylase. The studies establish that catecholestrogen formation is prominent in fish liver and that it is sexually differentiated, but further investigation is required to define the catalysts as well as the significance and regulation of this function.
Pituitary tumors composed of adenohypophysial adenoma and Rathke's cleft cyst elements: a clinicopathological study.

Abstract Nine cases of pituitary tumors composed of mixed tissue elements of adenohypophysial adenoma and Rathke's cleft cyst are reported. All cases were associated with hyperprolactinemia and were managed by transsphenoidal adenomectomy with good results. The clinical and pathological features are presented, and embryological pathogenesis for the occurrence of this unique association is discussed in connection with the high incidence of immunoreactive S-100 protein cells identified in tumor tissues. Patients with this kind of pituitary tumor can be managed in the same fashion as patients with other types of pituitary adenoma.
Ligand Exchange Reactions on Au38 and Au40 Clusters: A Combined Circular Dichroism and Mass Spectrometry Study

The thiolate-for-thiolate ligand exchange reaction between the stable Au38(2-PET)24 and Au40(2-PET)24 (2-PET: 2-phenylethanethiol) clusters and enantiopure BINAS (BINAS: 1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-dithiol) was investigated by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy in the UV/vis and MALDI mass spectrometry (MS). The ligand exchange reaction is incomplete, although a strong optical activity is induced to the resulting clusters. The clusters are found to be relatively stable, in contrast to similar reactions on [Au25(2-PET)18]− clusters. Maximum anisotropy factors of 6.6 × 10−4 are found after 150 h of reaction time. During the reaction, a varying ratio between Au38 and Au40 clusters is found, which significantly differs from the starting material. As compared to Au38, Au40 is more favorable to incorporate BINAS into its ligand shell. After 150 h of reaction time, an average of 1.5 and 4.5 BINAS ligands is found for Au38 and Au40 clusters, respectively. This corresponds to exchange of 3 and 9 monodentate 2-PET ligan...
Design guidelines for improved human-robot interaction

This poster highlights one of our analysis frameworks for human-robot interaction (HRI) and a sample of our results. We developed a fine-grained definition of HRI awareness based on research from computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW). Results consist of initial design guidelines for HRI that we are incorporating in next-generation robots and interfaces under development at UMass Lowell.
Two Mathematicians' Perspectives on Standards: Interviews With Judith Roitman and Alfred Manaster

This article summarizes an interview in the spring of 2001 with professional mathematicians Judy Roitman, University of Kansas, and Alfred Manaster, University of California, San Diego. Both mathematicians were members of the Writing Group for the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Principles and Standards for School Mathematics.
Rescue of the Genome of Focus Forming Virus from Rat Non-productive Lines by 5′-Bromodeoxyuridine

THE rescue of the genome of transforming RNA viruses from non-productive permissive or non-permissive cells has been achieved by various biological methods, the two basic principles of which are superinfection with leukaemia helper virus1 in the case of permissive cells and mixed culture with homologous cells in the case of non-permissive cells2.
Assessment of the inotropic and vasodilator effects of amrinone versus isoproterenol

The hemodynamic effects of graded-dose infusions of amrinone (maximal dose 30 μg/kg/min) (10 patients) and isoproterenol (maximum dose 4 μg/min) (11 patients) were assessed in patients with a range of left ventricular (LV) function. LV rejection fraction ranged from 0.13 to 0.77 (mean ± standard deviation 0.47 ± 0.23) among the patients who received amrinone and from 0.24 to 0.77 (mean 0.52 ± 0.18) among those who received isoproterenol. Peak-dose amrinone produced a reduction in LV filling pressure (from 15 ± 10 to 10 ± 7 mm Hg, p
The Border Crossings of a Multicultural Science Education Enthusiast

Jill was a preservice science education student who wanted to make science more accessible to all students. This study is an examination of the “borders” she encountered as she completed her student teaching in a cultural setting that was different from her own. Her student teaching experience was documented through interviews, participant observations, field notes, lesson plans, and a journal. An inductive analysis of the documents and a context chart of the coded data revealed that Jill encountered the (a) cultural border of her students, (b) cultural border of science instruction, and (c) cultural border of the school. While some borders were crossed, others were not. This study suggests that during field experiences, preservice teachers may encounter multiple cultural borders, some consistent and some inconsistent with their instructional philosophy. As student teachers work with diverse populations, supervisors and cooperating teachers need to recognize the borders student teachers will encounter and encourage student teachers to examine their beliefs about practice as a means to acknowledge and understand the encountered borders.
Atlas of Human Anatomy

2nd edition, by Frank H. Netter, M.D. 525 pp., Summitt, NJ: Novartis Medical Education, 1998. $84.98 (soft cover: $59.95).
Carbon monoxide poisoning: a review for clinicians

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning continues to be a significant health problem both in the United States and in many other countries. CO poisoning is associated with a high incidence of severe morbidity and mortality. Epidemics of CO poisoning commonly occur during winter months and sources include: smoke from fires, fumes from heating systems burning fuels, and exhaust fumes from motor vehicles. The history of exposure and carboxyhemoglobin levels should alert the physician to this diagnosis. In the absence of exposure history, CO poisoning should be considered when two or more patients are simultaneously sick. The clinical presentation is non-specific and may range from nausea and headache to profound central nervous system dysfunction. The mainstay of therapy for CO poisoning is supplemental oxygen, ventilatory support, and monitoring for cardiac dysrhythmias. This article reviews up-to-date information of this potentially devastating exposure.