cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IMPORTANCE OF DOMINANCE STATUS AND DISTANCE FROM COVER TO FORAGING WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS: AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS

ABSATcT.-We address the importance of a nearby source of cover to foraging Whitecrowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys) belonging to different classes of social status and plumage. An artificial source of cover was provided, in the form of a constructed bush, which allowed manipulation of the degree and position of cover. In various manipulations, the birds were offered no cover, the position of the cover was switched, and a simple perch was offered as an alternative to the bush. White-crowned Sparrows usually perched first in a nearby source of cover before they fed, and strongly preferred to feed close to the artificial bush. Experiments demonstrated that the bush was used as a source of cover and not merely as a perch. The bright-colored dominant adult birds fed closer to cover than did the more subordinate, dull-colored, and relatively cryptic immatures. Adults apparently displaced the latter from sites close to cover as immatures fed closer when no adults were present. These results may explain why dull-colored subordinate birds do not cheat by displaying the brighter plumage of dominant sex/age classes. Cheaters might be more prone to predation than noncheating subordinates because both classes might be forced to feed away from cover by inherently dominant birds (i.e. actual adults), but cheaters would be more conspicuous than noncheaters due to their brighter plumage. Thus, the potential benefits of cheating may not outweigh the increased cost of heightened susceptibility to selection by a predator. Received 4 November 1992, accepted 7 January 1993.
Prediction of Superhalogen-Stabilized Noble Gas Compounds.

The discovery of HArF has generated renewed interest in the chemistry of noble gases, particularly their hydrides. Though many weak complexes of noble gases bound by van der Waals interactions are known, the number of halogenated noble gas compounds, HNgX (Ng = noble gas; X = halogen), where the noble gas atom is chemically bound, is limited. These molecules are metastable, and their specialty is that there is substantial ionic bonding between the noble gas atom and the halogen atom. In this Letter, it is shown using density functional theory and second-order Moller–Plesset perturbation theory that by replacing the halogen atoms by superhalogens (Y), whose electron affinities are much larger than those of halogens, more ionic bonds between Ng and Y can be attained. Moreover, the superhalogen-containing noble gas hydrides, HNgY, are more stable compared to their halogenated counterparts.
A Review of Sexuality Education Programs for Adolescents, 1960–1997

Abstract For almost a century, sexuality education programs have been developed and implemented for adolescents in schools. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of sexuality education programs for adolescents from 1960 through 1997. One hundred fifteen programs were analyzed using 11 prospective effective program characteristics. Results from this review indicate that most studies examined the effects of sexuality education programs and reported empirical data to measure effect sizes during 1980s and 1990s. Most sexuality education programs implemented in schools during the 1960–1997 time frame were of an effective duration and included some effective components. However, only a small number were comprehensive programs or theory (research)-based programs, which are considered the most effective programs by researchers. It is strongly recommended that sexuality education programs be developed based on theory (research) and that those programs include comprehensive components.
Oshore Marine Boundary-Layer Winds Predicted by a Large Eddy Simulation Model with Resolved Surface Waves

O shore winds o er a signi cant energy source for generating electricity through optimal placement of coastal wind parks. To develop an improved understanding of the characteristics of o shore winds in which these wind turbines operate, a large-eddy simulation (LES) model is developed that couples the marine atmospheric atmospheric boundary layer to a 3D time-dependent surface gravity wave eld. A coordinate transform from physical to computational space is used that accounts for vertical movement of the mesh in physical space. The algorithm is used to carry out a series of simulations over a broadband moving wave eld that conforms to a well established Pierson-Moskowitz wave spectrum. The wave age Cp=U10 = [1:5; 4:8] varies from near wind-wave equilibrium to a low-wind swell dominated regime. In the low wind cases we nd features similar to previous observational and modeling investigations: the surface layer winds show clear departures from rough wall law-of-the-wall scaling. The coherence and magnitude of the velocity and pressure elds depend critically on the motion of the underlying wave eld and the turbulence level. Future siting and deployment strategies of o shore wind parks need to account for the local climatology of winds and waves to accurately predict boundary-layer winds and turbulence.
Adjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer: to treat or not to treat?

Despite attempted curative resection of localized adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, most patients experience a recurrence and die of their disease. The Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, and European Study Group for Pancreatic Cancer trials have suggested the benefit of adjuvant therapy. However, the relatively few randomized trials available have not established a definite standard of care due to study limitations. Although these trials, and the recently published Charite Onkologie (CONKO)-001 trial, have shown a definite advantage of adjuvant chemotherapy, the most effective chemotherapy and the role of radiation therapy remain unclear. This review will discuss the data available from reported trials of adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer, address the issues leading to the ongoing controversies, and consider future directions for clinical trials.
The impact of investment timing and uncertainty on competition in unlicensed spectrum

There has been much interest in expanding the amount of unlicensed spectrum available for wireless services. Such spectrum reduces the barriers to entry by removing the need to purchase expensive licenses and so may lead to increased competition. However, this spectrum also has the risk of becoming over-congested, which could deter service providers from investing and offering service. Recent work has studied this trade-off by considering game theoretic models where service providers first make decisions to invest and then subsequently compete for customers. In such cases, the only Nash equilibria are often for a single service provider to enter and act as a monopolist. These conclusions are based on a model where service providers simultaneously make investment decisions with full knowledge about their competitors' costs. Here, we relax these assumptions and consider more realistic scenarios where service providers make investment decisions at different times and also consider cases where these decisions are made with incomplete information about the other service provider's costs. For a class of such games, we characterize the resulting Nash equilibria and show that differences in timing and uncertainty lead to a richer class of possible equilibria.
LEIBNIZ'S LAW IN BELIEF CONTEXTS

Publisher Summary Leibniz's law states that if a certain thing A is identical with a certain thing B, then whatever is true of A is also true of B. However, the problem arises if this law is considered along with three other statements that also seem to be true. These statements comprise: (1) a statement of identity, (2) a belief-statement, and (3) a general statement about the relevance of belief to reality. These statements together can to commit to a contradictory conclusion. To solve the problem, it must be either shown that one of the first four statements is false or that there is no justification for believing that the premises commit to the conclusion. This chapter presents a solution for this particular example. If the solution is adequate, it may be generalized to take care of other cases where Leibniz's law, in application to psychological contexts, seems to lead to similar difficulties.
Determinants of Prognosis of Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma

A large number of retrospective analyses have examined patient and tumor characteristics associated with a poor prognosis in patients with follicular thyroid cancer (FTC). Compared to patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) patients are more likely to be older, more likely to be male, more likely to have unifocal disease, less likely to have direct tumor extension or cervical lymph nodes, and more likely to have distant metastases. Factors consistently found to negatively impact prognosis in follicular thyroid cancer include patient age greater than 45, tumor size larger than 4 cm, local tumor extension beyond the thyroid, extensive capsular and vascular invasion, and the presence of distant metastases. In addition, certain variants of follicular thyroid cancer, including oxyphilic (Hurthle cell) carcinomas (HCC) and insular carcinomas, are associated with a generally worse prognosis.
Reconfigurable Electronics for Adaptive RF Systems

This paper overviews the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Adaptive RF Technologies (ART) and Arrays at Commercial Timescales (ACT) programs. These programs seek to create adaptable and reusable RF hardware in order to lower nonrecurring engineering development costs and timelines for RF systems and to allow RF hardware to be adapted to new missions after fielding. To achieve this vision, new RF architectures more amenable to reconfigurability have been developed along with component technologies that reduce the performance penalty associated with adaptive RF hardware.
Consequences of PTSD for the work and family quality of life of female and male U.S. Afghanistan and Iraq War veterans

Although it is well established that combat-related PTSD can lead to reduced quality of life, less is known about the relative effect of PTSD on different aspects of former service members’ post-military readjustment. Moreover, research on female veterans’ reintegration experiences is limited. This study aimed to document the work and family quality of life of post-9/11 male and female veterans and evaluate the gender-specific impact of PTSD on veterans’ work and family outcomes. A national sample of 524 post-9/11 veterans completed mailed surveys as part of a longitudinal study. Descriptive and regression-based analyses were gender-stratified and weighted to enhance representativeness to the larger population. With a few notable exceptions, the majority of post-9/11 U.S. veterans reported high work and family quality of life. PTSD was not associated with either employment or relationship status; however, it did predict poorer work and family functioning and satisfaction for both men and women, with the most consistent negative effects on intimate relationships. Several gender differences were found, primarily with respect to work experiences. Although most post-9/11 veterans appear to be doing well in both their work and family lives, results support the need for interventions that can mitigate the negative effect of PTSD and other associated mental health conditions on several aspects of work and family quality of life. Findings contribute to research suggesting both similarities and differences in the post-military readjustment of male and female post-9/11 veterans and underscore the need for additional consideration of the unique work-related challenges women experience following military service.
BB Potentials in Quenched Lattice QCD

The potentials between two B mesons are computed in the heavy-quark limit using quenched lattice QCD at m{sub {pi}}{approx}400 MeV. Nonzero central potentials are clearly evident in all four spin-isospin channels (I,s{sub l})=(0,0), (0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 1), where s{sub l} is the total spin of the light degrees of freedom. At short distance, we find repulsion in the I{ne}s{sub l} channels and attraction in the I=s{sub l} channels. Linear combinations of these potentials that have well-defined spin and isospin in the t-channel are found, in three of the four cases, to have substantially smaller uncertainties than the potentials defined with the s-channel (I,s{sub l}), and allow quenching artifacts from single hairpin exchange to be isolated. The BB*{pi} coupling extracted from the long-distance behavior of the finite-volume t-channel potential is found to be consistent with quenched calculations of the matrix element of the isovector axial-current. The tensor potentials in both of the s{sub l}=1 channels are found to be consistent with zero within calculational uncertainties.
“Fight fat with fat”: The impact of brown adipose tissue (BAT) on breast cancer prognosis–A retrospective analysis.

1585 Background: Two types of adipose tissue exist: white adipose tissue (WAT) and BAT. WAT is the main energy store in humans and is associated with obesity and inflammation. BAT is thought to be protective against obesity and acts as an energy dissipating organ, which may fight obesity by reducing adipokines, inflammatory cytokines, and insulin resistance. The relationship of brown fat activation and cancer prognosis is unknown. We hypothesize that BAT may be protective to breast cancer patients by shifting glucose pool away from tumors and reducing tumor activity. Methods: Through a retrospective chart review of over 900 patients treated by the Breast Cancer Group at our institution, we identified 98 patients with BAT on PET CT scans. We collected information on patient demographics, lifestyle, staging and treatments received and response, progression of disease, overall survival, labs (lipids, hemoglobin A1C, Vitamin D, CRP), metabolic syndrome, metformin use, and antidepressants. Results: Of the 98 c...
Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue Deficiency Increases Disuse-Induced Bone Loss in Male Mice.

Bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT) is negatively associated with bone mass. Since osteoblasts and adipocytes are derived from the same precursor cells, adipocyte differentiation may occur at the expense of osteoblast differentiation. We used MAT-deficient KitW/W-v (MAT-) mice to determine if absence of MAT reduced bone loss in hindlimb-unloaded (HU) mice. Male MAT- and wild-type (WT) mice were randomly assigned to a baseline, control or HU group (n = 10 mice/group) within each genotype and HU groups unloaded for 2 weeks. Femurs were evaluated using micro-computed tomography, histomorphometry and targeted gene profiling. MAT- mice had a greater reduction in bone volume fraction after HU than did WT mice. HU MAT- mice had elevated cancellous bone formation and resorption compared to other treatment groups as well as a unique profile of differentially expressed genes. Adoptive transfer of WT bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells reconstituted c-kit but not MAT in KitW/W-v mice. The MAT- WT → KitW/W-v mice lost cancellous bone following 2 weeks of HU. In summary, results from this study suggest that MAT deficiency was not protective, and was associated with exaggerated disuse-induced cancellous bone loss.
They think all of this is new: Leveraging librarians' project management skills for the digital humanities

ABSTRACTThis article will explore how to develop the holistic project management planning (PMP) mindset in different parts of the library when undertaking digital humanities (DH) projects. PMP skills do exist within libraries and librarians, but organizational alignment typically does not allow for the most effective applications of librarians' PMP skills to DH projects. This article will explore how the skills of public services librarians, technical services librarians and administrative librarians align with the PMP phases and the challenges that each kind of librarian has to overcome in completing successful DH projects.
Multi-megawatt-scale fower-hardware-in-the-loop interface for testing ancillary grid services by converter-coupled generation

Power-hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) is a simulation tool that can support electrical systems engineers in the development and experimental validation of novel, advanced control schemes that ensure the robustness and resiliency of electrical grids that have high penetrations of low-inertia variable renewable resources. With PHIL, the impact of the device under test on a generation or distribution system can be analyzed using a real-time simulator (RTS). PHIL allows for the interconnection of the RTS with a 7 megavolt ampere (MVA) power amplifier to test multi-megawatt renewable assets available at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC). This paper addresses issues related to the development of a PHIL interface that allows testing hardware devices at actual scale. In particular, the novel PHIL interface algorithm and high-speed digital interface, which minimize the critical loop delay, are discussed.
Building on the success of DOAJ: Maintenance of DOAJ journals with BibPurls

ABSTRACTThis article reports on a cooperative effort to manage an aspect of the life cycle of journals in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). This unruly group of open access journals comes in multiple languages from 123 countries, and the stability of URL links more than occasionally presents problems. Thus a new project initiated by the University of California, San Diego, within the Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) of the Library of Congress is being developed to ensure systematic maintenance of links in tandem with descriptive records for the set. The plan is to systematically run the DOAJ links through a link checking process. Volunteers from a set of CONSER libraries will follow up on verification of links that fail validation on a one by one basis.
New Cost Measures in Graph Embeddings

The problem of efficiently simulating an algorithm designed for an n-processor architecture G on an m-processor architecture H is a fundamental problem in parallel processing. Significant contributions to this problem and the related problem of studying the computational equivalence between interconnection networks have been made by viewing both architectures as graphs and applying concepts and solution techniques used in graph em-beddings [AR82, BCHLR88, BCLR86, HMR83, KA86, R79]. While the conventional cost measures in graph embeddings (i.e., dilation, load and expansion) can easily be used to determine the maximum amount of time required to simulate one step of G on H, they do not capture other important situations arising in a parallel environmenmt.
Myocardial infarction and percent arteriographic stenosis of culprit lesion Report from the Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH)

The objective of this study was to assess the percent stenosis of the culprit lesion responsible for subsequent myocardial infarction in the Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH). It is unknown if the susceptible coronary artery culprit lesion responsible for an acute myocardial infarction is relatively large ( > or = 50% arteriographic stenosis) and hemodynamically significant ( > or = 70% stenosis), or small ( or = 70%. The results strongly favor the large lesion hypothesis of causation for myocardial infarction. It is premature, however, to state that the relative size of the culprit lesion has been indisputably determined. The resolution of this problem has exceedingly important practical implications for the management of patients with known atherosclerotic coronary heart disease and for those asymptomatic individuals with silent atherosclerotic coronary heart disease.
Feasibility of a musculoskeletal ultrasound intervention to improve adherence in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a proof-of concept trial.

Non-adherence is a prevalent and modifiable issue in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) that currently lacks provider-based intervention. Education surrounding disease status is one way in which families remain engaged in their care. Musculoskeletal ultrasound is one such form of demonstrative, real-time education that may impact the way patients and caregivers self-manage their disease. The aims of this study are to 1) assess the feasibility, acceptability and perceived usefulness of musculoskeletal ultrasound as a non-adherence intervention tool and 2) to examine changes in methotrexate adherence in adolescents with JIA following the ultrasound. Eight adolescents with polyarticular or extended oligoarticular JIA and their caregivers completed this 12 week study. A within subject design was used to compare baseline and post-intervention adherence, quality of life and disease activity indices. Adherence measures included electronic measurement of methotrexate in addition to self-reported adherence questionnaires. The ultrasound intervention included a one-time, rheumatologist provided, educational examination of three or more currently or historically active joints. The ultrasound intervention was found to be both feasible and acceptable. One hundred percent of eligible participants completed the ultrasound intervention. The ultrasound was well received by patients and caregivers, with most believing this to be a helpful tool. Baseline adherence was 75.3% among participants, with half of the participants being classified as non-adherent. Electronically measured and self-reported adherence measures did not show significant changes during the post-intervention period. Two participants improved, four participants maintained, and two participants decreased adherence. On ultrasound, 18/27 (66.7%) of the examined joints displayed abnormalities, with 63% being discrepant and additive to the rheumatologist’s physical examination. While our intervention did not show any changes in adherence, quality of life or disease activity indices in this proof-of-concept trial, the intervention does show promise in acceptability measures and merits future study in a more robust trial design. An additional study benefit was that the musculoskeletal ultrasound intervention was able to demonstrate subclinical disease, leading to clinically impactful therapeutic changes in several participants.
E-Mobility — Advancements and Challenges

Mobile platforms cover a broad range of applications from small portable electric devices, drones, and robots to electric transportation, which influence the quality of modern life. The end-to-end energy systems of these platforms are moving toward more electrification. Despite their wide range of power ratings and diverse applications, the electrification of these systems shares several technical requirements. Electrified mobile energy systems have minimal or no access to the power grid, and thus, to achieve long operating time, ultrafast charging or charging during motion as well as advanced battery technologies are needed. Mobile platforms are space-, shape-, and weight-constrained, and therefore, their onboard energy technologies such as the power electronic converters and magnetic components must be compact and lightweight. These systems should also demonstrate improved efficiency and cost-effectiveness compared to traditional designs. This paper discusses some technical challenges that the industry currently faces moving toward more electrification of energy conversion systems in mobile platforms, herein referred to as E-Mobility, and reviews the recent advancements reported in literature.
A retrospective cohort study of endoscopic therapy and esophagectomy for stage 1 esophageal cancer: less is more

Background and Aims Current guidelines recommend consideration of endoscopic therapy (ET) when treating select stage I esophageal cancers. The proportion of esophageal cancers treated with ET compared with esophagectomy has increased over time. Overall and cancer-specific survival have not been shown to be superior with ET in prior population-based studies. We thus evaluated cancer-specific survival comparing patients treated with ET and esophagectomy. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2004 to 2015 of patients with node-negative, superficial (T1a/T1b), esophageal cancer treated with ET or esophagectomy. Competing-risks models were used to compare cancer-specific survival. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess overall survival. Subgroup analysis was performed comparing time periods 2004 to 2009 and 2010 to 2015. Results Of 2133 included individuals, 772 (36.2%) underwent ET and 1361 (63.8%) underwent esophagectomy. Unadjusted 5-year survival for cancer-specific death was 87.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84.2-90.5) for ET and 82.4% (95% CI, 80.0- 84.5) for esophagectomy (P = .002). Within the adjusted competing-risk model, cancer-specific survival was superior in patients treated with ET compared with esophagectomy (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 1.92; 95% CI, 1.35-2.74; P Conclusions ET was associated with improved cancer-specific survival compared with esophagectomy in stage I esophageal cancer. This advantage was more pronounced for patients treated after 2009, potentially because of increasing clinician expertise in performing ET and patient selection.
INTERACTION OF ANGIOTENSIN II WITH CENTRAL ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS

Publisher Summary Angiotensin II has been shown to act at specific sites within the brain resulting in increased sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity, which elevates arterial blood pressure. The neurons and neurotransmitters affected by angiotensin II to produce this centrally mediated pressor response have not yet been identified. The study hypotensive agents clonidine and alpha-methyl dopa suggests that central adrenergic neuron systems are involved in cardiovascular regulation. The sympatho-inhibitory responses elicited by clonidine and alpha-methyl dopa are the result of an interaction with these central adrenergic pathways through an excitation of central alpha-receptors. In view of these observations, the possibility is considered that the central hypertensive activity of angiotensin II is a result of an interaction with the same neurons leading to sympathetic stimulation rather than inhibition as is the case with the hypotensive agents. The chapter describes the importance of a central adrenergic system to the pressor responses elicited by angiotensin II. In an experiment described in the chapter, several adrenergic receptor antagonists were administered into the perfused cerebroventricular system of alpha-chloralose anesthetized cats to determine their effect on central angiotensin II responses.
Fast Surrogate Modeling using Dimensionality Reduction in Model Inputs and Field Output: Application to Additive Manufacturing.

Abstract A novel approach to surrogate modeling motivated by recent advancements in parameter dimension reduction is proposed. Specifically, the approach aims to speed-up surrogate modeling for mapping multiple input variables to a field quantity of interest. Computational efficiency is accomplished by first identifying principal components (PC) and corresponding features in the output field data. A map from inputs to each feature is considered, and the active subspace (AS) methodology is used to capture their relationship in a low-dimensional subspace in the input domain. Thus, the PCAS method accomplishes dimension reduction in the input as well as the output. The method is demonstrated on a realistic problem pertaining to variability in residual stress in an additively manufactured component due to the stochastic nature of the process variables and material properties. The resulting surrogate model is exploited for uncertainty propagation, and identification of stress hotspots in the part. Additionally, the surrogate model is used for global sensitivity analysis to quantify relative contributions of the uncertain inputs to stress variability. Our findings based on the considered application are indicative of enormous potential for computational gains in such analyses, especially in generating training data, and enabling advancements in control and optimization of additive manufacturing processes.
Biomolecular Densely Grafted Brush Polymers: Oligonucleotides, Oligosaccharides and Oligopeptides

In this Minireview, we describe synthetic polymers densely functionalized with sequence-defined biomolecular sidechains. We focus on synthetic brush polymers of oligonucleotides, oligosaccharides, and oligopeptides, prepared via graft-through polymerization from biomolecule functionalized monomers. The resulting structures are brush polymers wherein a biomolecular graft is positioned at each monomer backbone unit. We describe key synthetic milestones, identify synthetic opportunities, and highlight recent advances in the field, including biological applications.
Computers, carbohydrates and cola: Designing an online lab experience for undergraduate health sciences and non-majors in a pandemic paradigm

Colleges and educational institutions throughout the globe have adapted a pseudo-online educational model. This is also evident in health sciences courses designed for biochemical and chemical education. Biochemistry (along with general, organic and analytical) education is significant in the basic prerequisite education of undergraduate health sciences and non-majors curriculum, including a selection of human physiology and nutrition courses. Providing practical and empirical experiences for students enrolled in chemistry for health professions course is essential, even in this time of uncertainty. Here an option for a simple and safe, comprehensive virtual learning experience on carbohydrates and chemistry topics in connection with healthcare was developed by complementing an existing virtual lab collection and implementing this approach in an undergraduate health sciences (non-majors) course. Student responses to this online learning approach were recorded in a post-lab survey.
Chlamydia and Gonorrhea: Shifting Age-Based Positivity Among Young Females, 2010–2017

Introduction This study aims to determine if and how the age distribution of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in women evolved from 2010 to 2017, given changes in sexual practices over this time. Methods All Chlamydia trachomatis/Neisseria gonorrhoeae co-testing laboratory results from females aged 12–30 years tested at Quest Diagnostics during 2010–2017 (n=17,794,680) were evaluated to assess trends in Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae positivity over time. Data were collected and analyzed in November 2018. Results Age-based positivity shifted toward older ages from 2010 to 2017 for both Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. There was a declining trend in Chlamydia trachomatis positivity from 2010 to 2017 for the youngest age group (12–17 years; 17% decline, 8.9% to 7.4%, p Conclusions Healthcare providers may want to consider this positivity rate age shift in Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae to inform prevention and control strategies, including considering the potential for increased risk in women aged 25–30 years.
SONO case series: how to recognise an LV thrombus when you see one, a review of cardiac point-of-care ultrasound.

A 47-year-old man presents to the ED with shortness of breath and chest pain. The shortness of breath has been progressively worsening in the setting of running out of his medications 3 days prior, while the chest pain started after smoking methamphetamines the day prior to presentation. He denies any fevers, new cough, sputum production or sick contacts. He has a 20-year history of daily methamphetamine use. His medical history is notable for heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) of 20%, type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease (CAD), untreated deep vein thrombosis and depression. His prescribed medications include furosemide, carvedilol, lisinopril, atorvastatin, metformin and aspirin. On physical examination, the patient has a BP of 118/83 mm Hg, HR of 121, temperature of 36.4°C, RR of 22, and an oxygen saturation of 100% on 11 L with a non-rebreather mask. He is non-toxic appearing, but in clear respiratory distress with tachypnoea and increased work of breathing. His pulmonary examination is notable for crackles at the bases. Cardiac examination is notable for tachycardia without murmurs, rubs or gallops. His abdomen is soft but protuberant. Lower extremities are warm and well perfused with 2+ pitting oedema from the ankle to the mid-shin, bilaterally. Intravenous access is obtained; blood is obtained and sent for processing. A point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is performed. In patients with known heart failure and physical signs of volume overload, POCUS can help confirm the diagnosis of a heart failure exacerbation, exonerate the presence of other pathology and assist in the assessment of volume status. Intravascular volume status may be assessed by left ventricle (LV) size, ventricular function, inferior vena cava (IVC) size and change with respiration.1 2 In addition to assessing systolic function, POCUS can also assess for the presence of a pericardial effusion and right heart strain. Other …
Death and Dynasty in Early Imperial Rome: Key Sources, with Text, Translation, and Commentary

The founding of the Roman Principate was a time of great turmoil. This book brings together a set of important Latin inscriptions, including the recently discovered documents concerning the death of Germanicus and trial of Cn. Piso, in order to illustrate the developing sense of dynasty that underpinned the new monarchy of Augustus. Each inscription is supplied with its original text, a new English translation, and a full introduction and historical commentary that will be useful to students and scholars alike. The book also provides important technical help in understanding the production and interpretation of documents and inscriptions, thereby making it an excellent starting point for introducing students to Roman epigraphy.
Optimum Interval Routing in k-Caterpillars and Maximal Outer Planar Networks.

In this paper we present optimum interval routing algorithms for message passing networks that have topological structure defined by k-caterpillars and maximal outer planar graphs (MOPS). The routing algorithms are optimum in the sense that the route built between any source-destination pair is of minimum length and that the routing function executing at each node has time complexity which is linear in the size of the network.
Studies on the elastase-serum protein interaction II. On the digestion of human α2-macroglobulin, an elastase inhibitor, by elastase

Abstract Previous experiments with elastase (pancreatopeptidase E, EC 3.4.4.7) whole serum mixtures had shown that α 2 - macroglobulin was an elastase inhibitor. These experiments also had shown that the α 2 - macroglobulin-elastase complex was unstable, suggesting the possibility that the inhibitor ( α 2 - macroglobulin ) was digested by the enzyme. α 2 - Macroglobulin was isolated from human whole serum by fractional precipitation with (NH4)2SO4 followed by gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography. An alternate procedure used preparative ultracentrifugation preceding the gel filtration stage. 1.08 moles of purified α 2 - macroglobulin was capable of binding 1 mole of elastase. The dissociation constant for the α 2 - macroglobulin-elastase complex was K = 1.3 · 10 −8 . Analysis of time-course elastase-α 2 -macroglobulin mixtures in the analytical ultracentrifuge revealed that 28% of the α 2 - macroglobulin was digested in 20 h at 37° (decrease in peak area) and 44% at the end of 47 h. Analysis of the 47-h digest by double diffusion in agar gel showed, in addition to a main precipitation line, two additional arcs of precipitate representative of α 2 - macroglobulin fragments. Judging from the diffusion rates in agar gel and shape of the precipitin lines these fragments possess molecular weights of the order of 50 000 and 200 000. Analysis of the 47-h digest by zone electrophoresis followed by overlaying with substrate showed the fragments produced to be associated with active enzyme. These results confirm the earlier suggestion that α 2 - macroglobulin is digested by elastase and offer an explanation for the possible existence of free elastase in peripheral blood or tissue.
A general introspective reasoning approach to web search for case adaptation

Acquiring adaptation knowledge for case-based reasoning systems is a challenging problem. Such knowledge is typically elicited from domain experts or extracted from the case-base itself. However, the ability to acquire expert knowledge is limited by expert availability or cost, and the ability to acquire knowledge from the case base is limited by the the set of cases already encountered. The WebAdapt system [20] applies an alternative approach to acquiring case knowledge, using a knowledge planning process to mine it as needed from Web sources. This paper presents two extensions to WebAdapt's approach, aimed at increasing the method's generality and ease of application to new domains. The first extension applies introspective reasoning to guide recovery from adaptation failures. The second extension applies reinforcement learning to the problem of selecting knowledge sources to mine, in order to manage the exploration/exploitation tradeoff for system knowledge. The benefits and generality of these extensions are assessed in evaluations applying them in three highly different domains, with encouraging results.
Performance analysis of a random access direct sequence, packet combining, code division multiple access system

A throughput analysis is presented for a slotted direct sequence code division multiple access (CDMA) radio network using averaged diversity combining (ADC). The probability of packet acceptance is maximized through the combination of multiple received copies of the same data packet. The combining is performed at the bit level according to an averaged diversity rule. Numerical and simulation results indicate that the use of ADC is highly advantageous for systems which tolerate a certain delay and operate over highly time-varying channels. The throughput performance is superior to that of type-I hybrid ARQ slotted CDMA at the expense of more buffer space and a minor modification in the decoding process.
Program design in file structures [by students]

The importance of emphasizing design in programming stems from the desire to train students in thinking more about solving the problem than programming the problem. Although sitting in front of the computer causes the student to think that he or she is getting closer to a working program with every passing minute, the student may actually spend more time on the program than necessary. More time is spent because the student may have written the program with the wrong approach and figured that out only after many hours of debugging. Further, the program may not be organized very well, which also leads to long debugging periods. To help the student streamline the development of programs, formulating a design of the program was necessary before actual code could be written in a senior-level file structures course. The design component became necessary as the instructor watched students fail to complete the more complex B-tree and hashing programs. The design component also confirmed the correct or incorrect thought processes of the student so that incorrect notions could be corrected before programming was completed. The design component includes drawing the file structure to be implemented and examples of the operations upon it. The design then goes into further detail by requiring the student to split the problem up into subprograms specified in pseudocode. The design process undertaken by the students is analyzed and reported in this paper as to how it helped the students to understand the file structure concepts better.
Carbonic Anhydrase in Lung Tissue

Carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1) activity has been demonstrated in lung tissue (Berfenstam, 1952), but the enzyme has not been associated with any major function in the adult. In the fetus the enzyme may play a role in the secretion of lung fluid (Adamson and Waxman, 1976), possibly remaining in the mature lung as a vestige of intrauterine events.
Deep questions, flawed answers

Observational Foundations of Physics. By Alan Cook A. Cambridge University Press: 1994. Pp. 164. £27.95, $39.95 (hbk); £12.95, $18.95 (pbk).
Preliminary Psychometrics of the Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy–Youth:

The authors examined the preliminary psychometrics of a depression screening tool for youth with epilepsy. Development involved content analysis, cognitive interviewing, and qualitative analysis. Ninety-three youths with epilepsy aged 10 to 17 years completed the Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy-Youth and the depression module of a standardized clinical interview. Caregivers rated seizure severity and completed the Pediatric Symptom Checklist. Results indicated strong reliability indices, including test-retest, κ value, and internal consistency for the Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy-Youth. It was significantly associated with the other measures of depression and psychosocial functioning. Factor analyses revealed a 1-factor solution for 9 items, with 35.7% of the variance explained. An optimal cutoff score of 27 resulted in a sensitivity index of 0.80 and a specificity index of 0.71. The Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy-Youth is a screening tool that can be utilized in routine epilepsy care, but further evaluation is necessary.
Long-term survival after successful inhospital cardiac arrest resuscitation

Background Little is known about long-term outcomes of patients who survive inhospital cardiac arrest. Methods We examined long-term survival after inhospital cardiac arrest and whether procedural changes that improved survival to discharge impacted long-term survival. Consecutive inhospital arrests in the Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Atlanta, GA) from 1995 to 2004 (n = 732) were retrospectively analyzed. Data regarding the arrest was obtained, including age, left ventricular ejection fraction, medications, and comorbidities, presenting rhythm, location of arrest, code duration, and outcomes. Long-term mortality data was obtained based on chart and Social Security Death Index reviews. Further data was gathered on internal cardioverter-defibrillator presence and use in survivors. Results Overall, 49 subjects (6.6%) survived to discharge. Univariate analysis found that ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation and the use of β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and antiarrhythmics at the time of arrest were associated with increased survival, whereas advancing age and comorbidities were associated with a higher risk of mortality. Multivariate analysis determined that age, rhythm, and comorbidities independently affected survival. Implementation of a resuscitation program previously documented to improve survival to discharge did not translate to durable long-term survival. Three-year survival rate after discharge was only 41%. Alternatively, subjects with internal cardioverter-defibrillator showed a 36% improvement in 3-year survival rate to 77% ( P = .001). Conclusions Subjects with inhospital cardiac arrest have poor long-term prognoses. A strategy that improved inhospital survival did not alter long-term mortality rate. Thus, survival to discharge may not be a sufficient end point for future resuscitation trials.
Motility of bovine spermatozoa extended in "defined" diluents.

Abstract A series of experiments was conducted to develop a "chemically defined" diluent for freezing bovine semen. Egg yolk protein, casein, egg yolk lipoprotein, bovine serum albumin, milk fat triglycerides, egg yolk phospholipids, cholesterol, and egg yolk lecithin were added, individually, in various concentrations, to several buffers as substitutes for milk or egg yolk. Per cent progressive motility of the spermatozoa was the criterion for evaluating the effect of the substitutes, the buffers, and the processing techniques. Sperm motility after freezing and thawing was highest in Tris-buffered diluents containing lipoprotein, phospholipids, or lecithin. Optimum levels of lecithin and phospholipids were 0.34 and 0.65%.
Age-related differences in TGF-α and proto-oncogenes expression in rat liver after a low dose of carbon tetrachloride

The resiliency of rats during early postnatal development to CCl4 or to an interactive hepatotoxicity of chlordecone (CD) + CCl4 has been shown to be due to an efficient stimulation of tissue repair. The objective of the current study was to investigate if this is due to efficient expression of transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) and proto-oncogenes. Postnatally developing (20 day old) and adult (60 day old) male Sprague–Dawley rats were challenged with a single low dose of CCl4 (100 μL/kg, ip) or corn oil. Liver samples were collected during a time course (0–96 h) after the administration of CCl4 and used to examine TGF-α and early (c-fos) and late (H-ras and K-ras) proto-oncogenes mRNA expressions. Significant increases in TGF-α, H-ras, and K-ras gene expressions were evident as early as 12 hours after CCl4 and peaked between 24 and 48 hours in an age-dependent manner as detected by slot-blot analysis. Results of the study revealed three- and twofold increases in TGF-α gene expression in 20 and 60 day old rats, respectively, after CCl4. There were 3.5- and 2.5-fold increases in H-ras and 4.4- and 3.4-fold increases in K-ras in 20 and 60 day old rats, respectively. In contrast, a 10-fold increase in c-fos mRNA expression was evident in 20 day old rats 1 hour after CCl4 treatment, returning to the baseline value by 3 hours, whereas in 60 day old rats, this increase was less than twofold. The overall findings of this study indicate that TGF-α and the early and late proto-oncogene mRNA expressions were enhanced in an age- and time-dependent manner in response to a low dose of CCl4. These results further strengthen the view that the remarkable resiliency of rats to hepatotoxicants during early postnatal development is due to substantial increases in stimulation of hepatocellular regeneration and tissue repair mechanisms, leading to regression of liver injury and recovery. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Ambiguity of Facticity in Heidegger’s Early Work

The Early Heidegger’s Philosophy of Life: Facticity, Being and Language offers an interpretation of Heidegger’s concept of facticity as it is articulated in connection with the ideas of life and language in the lecture courses from 1919225. The book argues that facticity is both the source of vitality for theory and a source of deception and falsehood and therefore cannot be viewed in either positive or negative terms exclusively, but must instead be viewed as ambiguous. This essay argues that this basic thesis is correct and is supported by drawing a distinction between everydayness and inauthenticity. It is also argued that the analysis of language the book offers can be useful in clearing up misunderstandings of Heidegger’s concept of discourse in Being and Time
The size of graphs without nowhere-zero 4-flows

Let G be a 2-edge-connected simple graph with order n. We show that if | V(G)| ≤ 17, then either G has a nowhere-zero 4-flow, or G is contractible to the Petersen graph. We also show that for n large, if | V(G)| n − 17/2 + 34, then either G has a nonwhere-zero 4-flow, or G can be contracted to the Petersen graph. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
125I-Transfer catalysed by microsomes

Abstract 125I-mono-iodotyrosine and 125I-albumin were identified following protease assays with rat brain microsomes when 125I-proinsulin was the substrate. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Sephacryl 200 gel filtration under dissociating conditions suggest that these products arise through 125I-transfer rather than adsorption of hydrolytic fragments onto albumin. Similar results were obtained with insulin receptor assays on a crude rat brain membrane fraction. The transfer was inhibited by excess unlabeled substrate, but not by excess iodide. Of five subcellular fractions, only the microsome enriched fraction catalysed the transfer.