cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lactic Acidosis in IDDM Children Treated with Biguanides

Objective:In order to explore the lactic level and frequency of lactic acidosis (LA) as side effects of biguanide drugs. Methods:33 inpatients of IDDM children were treated with biguanides during Feb. 1996 to Oct. 1997.The dosage of phen-formin was 25 mg tid;or metformin 250 mg tid. Results:Only one case (3% ) had lactic acidosis (lactic level5 mmol/L); 10 patients (30.3%) had hyperlacticemia (lactic level 3 mmol/L); 21 patients (63.3%) had diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA). When DKA and LA were abolished with insulin therapy and liver and kidney functions were normal, biguanides had been given to them (phenformin for 29 cases; metformin for 4 cases). Before and after the treatment, the blood lactic levels showed no differences (t = 1.45,P0.05). Rectilinear correlation analysis showed that there is negative correlation be-tween insulin dosage and time (r= - 0.980 5, P 0.01) . Combination of biguanide agent and insulin therapy may decrease the dosage of insulin by 2/3 ~ 3/4. Conclusion: IDDM children treated with insulin and biguanide drugs, if dosage of bigua-nide was appropriate (phenformin 75 mg/d, metformin 750 mg/d) the blood lactic level would not be abnormal. Therefore biguanide agents could be a safe, effective treatment for IDDM,and reduced the sufferings caused by insulin injection and cost of medication.
Ingredient migration in the bond system of HTPB propellant

The absorbency of liner and insulation to DOS and T27 was investigated by the weight increasing method of dunking,and the migration of DOS,T27 and GFP was studied in the bond system of HTPB propellant/HTPB liner/EPDM insulation by gas chromatogram.The results show that the absorbency of HTPB liner and EPDM insulation to DOS and T27 is very strong.The absorbency of liner to DOS or T27 is decreased with the increase of the polarity and cross-linking density of binder,but the increase in the binder polarity is harmful to the adhesive property of interface between liner and HTPB propellant.In the bond system of HTPB propellant/HTPB liner/EPDM insulation,the migrating balanceable concentration refers to the balanceable concentration of binders.
Reform and Opening up Is the New Break-through of Traditional Socialist Patterns

Reform and opening is a pivotal choice that affects the fate of contemporary China.The contemporary CCP carries out reform and opening up policy based on universal principles of Marxism.Reform and opening up breaks through the pattern of the classic Marxist writers,Soviet Union and Chinese traditional socialist and inaugurates a development road with Chinese char-acteristics.
Separate upstream and convergent downstream pathways of G-protein- and phorbol ester-mediated Ca2+ sensitization of myosin light chain phosphorylation in smooth muscle

The effect of phorbol ester-induced down-regulation of protein kinase C (PKC) on diacylglycerol (sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol, diC8)- and G-protein-coupled Ca2+ sensitization and on the relationship between phosphorylation of the regulatory myosin light chains (MLC20) and force during Ca2+ sensitization were investigated in rabbit portal vein (PV), femoral artery (FA) and ileum smooth muscle. The effects of phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu), guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S]) and agonists on the membrane versus cytosolic distribution of PKC isoenzymes were also determined. Down-regulation of PKC abolished Ca2+ sensitization of force and the accompanying increases in MLC20 phosphorylation induced by PDBu, as well as Ca2+ sensitization of force by diC8, but not that by GTP[S], aluminum fluoride (AIF4-) or agonists (phenylephrine, endothelin or carbachol). Down-regulation also inhibited the PDBu-, but not the GTP[S]-induced increase in force under Ca(2+)-free conditions. In ileum, PDBu translocated PKCs alpha, beta 1, beta 2, epsilon and theta to the membrane fraction, and GTP[S] caused a small translocation of PKC-epsilon. Carbachol- and GTP[S]-induced Ca2+ sensitization remained unaffected in down-regulated ileum in which no cytosolic PKC-epsilon was detectable. We conclude that, although both phorbol ester-induced and G-protein-coupled Ca2+ sensitization of force are mediated by increased MLC20 phosphorylation, it is likely that PKCs alpha, beta 1, beta 2, epsilon and theta do not play an essential role in, although they may contribute to, the G-protein-coupled mechanism.
Photo Quiz: False Intestinal Brush Border

A 55-year-old male with a history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and bipolar disorder and a remote history of treated syphilis in 1977 presented to our institution with dysphagia and intermittent diarrhea. His most recent laboratory tests showed a normal complete blood count (CBC), a T-cell CD4 count of 970 cells/μl, an HIV load of 172 copies/ml, and a nonreactive rapid plasma reagin (RPR). An esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a normal-appearing esophagus and punctate antral erosions consistent with antral gastropathy. There was moderate nonspecific inflammation of the duodenal bulb and the second portion of the duodenum. A colonoscopy revealed a suspected ascending colon sessile polyp; however, the remaining findings were unremarkable. Biopsy specimens of the polyp, as well as various other colonic biopsy specimens, were taken for histopathologic examination. Upon microscopy, there was no histologic evidence of a polyp; however, another finding was identified. A photomicrograph of a hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)- and Warthin-Starry-stained section of the colon and its findings can be seen in Fig. 1. The remaining colon biopsy specimens were unremarkable and lacked the abnormal false brush border. FIG 1 (A) Hematoxylin and eosin-stained section of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded colonic tissue submitted for histopathologic examination (total magnification, ×400). Arrows point to organisms. (B) High-power view of transitions from the normal ... (For answer and discussion, see page 3956 in this issue [doi:10.1128/JCM.00015-14].)
Exuberance is the Spontaneity of Life

Music everywhere, feet are pattin’, Puttin’ tempo in old Manhattan, Everybody is out high hattin’, Spreadin’ rhythm around.
Southeast European “Dark Ages” (c. 600–c. 800)

Not much is known about the last decades of Roman (Byzantine) power in the Balkans. After 620, occupation ceased on most urban or military sites in the central Balkans (Ohrid, Caricin Grad, Bargala, Bitola, Pernik, and Veliko Tarnovo-Carevec), whose existence may have continued in one form or another into the early seventh century. In several cases, there are clear signs of destruction by fire at some point after ad 600, which was often interpreted as the archaeological trace of widespread raids of Avars and Slavs. To be sure, the little we know from historical sources about the first decades of Emperor Heraclius' reign seems to confirm this picture of devastation. Writing in the late 600s, the author of Book II of the Miracles of St. Demetrius knew that before attacking Thessalonica, the Slavs had devastated Thessaly and its islands, the islands of Greece, the Cyclades, Achaia, Epirus, and the most part of Illyricum, as well as parts of Asia. However, no precise date can be assigned to the first Slavic attack on Thessalonica recorded in Book II. It is only known that it must have taken place at a time John, the author of Book I, was still Archbishop of Thessalonica. The list of territories raided by the Slavs before they turned against Thessalonica fits well into the picture of Heraclius' first and very difficult years, snapshots of which are given by Isidore of Seville and George of Pisidia.
Heisenberg Equation of Motion Calculation of the Electron Self-Mass in Nonrelativistic Quantum Electrodynamics

The calculation of the self-mass of a point electron has been a theoretical problem which many generations of physicists have worked on intensively. Perturbative analyses, carried out either in classical or quantum electrodynamics, nonrelativistically or relativistically, have invariably led to an infinite result. Several years ago, a new approach was given by Moniz and Sharp.(1) Their work was nonperturbative in the sense that the traditional expansion in the fine-structure constant was not utilized, but rather other approximations, which we shall elaborate on later, were used. Their approach was based on the Heisenberg equations of motion. An important conclusion of their studies was that the quantum-mechanical mass shift of the nonrelativistic point electron is zero. The classical mass shift was also shown to vanish.
Treatment of Mood Disorders Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract Mood disorders secondary to traumatic brain injury (TBI) are a relatively common phenomenon. Having a strong understanding of the risk factors, diagnostic procedures, and currently available treatments strengthens clinicians' ability to improve quality of life in patients with TBI and alleviate the extra burden imposed by emotional disturbance. We review the characteristics of depressive, manic, and mixed mood disorders following TBI, with a discussion of the current literature on risk factors, DSM-5 ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ) diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, and treatments for individuals experiencing such disorders. Depression is more common than manic and mixed episodes in patients with brain trauma; therefore, the available literature on the former is richer. Treatments using psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and electroconvulsive and brain-stimulation techniques are described before discussing possible future directions.
Analysis of muscle fiber conduction velocity during finger flexion and extension after stroke.

Background: Stroke survivors experience greater strength deficits during finger extension than finger flexion. Prior research indicates relatively little observed weakness is directly attributable ...
A model predictive control approach for discovering nonstationary fluence-maps in cancer radiotherapy fractionation

We consider an optimization problem in radiotherapy, where the goal is to maximize the biological effect on the tumor of radiation intensity profiles across multiple treatment sessions, while limiting their toxic effects on nearby healthy tissues. We utilize the standard linear-quadratic dose-response model, which yields a nonconvex quadratically constrained quadratic programming (QCQP) formulation. Since nonconvex QCQPs are in general computationally difficult, recent work on this problem has only considered stationary solutions. This restriction allows a convex reformulation, enabling efficient solution. All other generic convexification methods for nonconvex QCQPs also yield a stationary solution in our case. While stationary solutions could be sub-optimal, currently there is no efficient method for finding nonstationary solutions. We propose a model predictive control approach that can, in principle, efficiently discover nonstationary solutions. We demonstrate via numerical experiments on head-and-neck cancer that these nonstationary solutions could produce a larger biological effect on the tumor than stationary.
Neural evidence for predictive coding in auditory cortex during speech production

Recent models of speech production suggest that motor commands generate forward predictions of the auditory consequences of those commands, that these forward predications can be used to monitor and correct speech output, and that this system is hierarchically organized (Hickok, Houde, & Rong, Neuron, 69(3), 407-–422, 2011; Pickering & Garrod, Behavior and Brain Sciences, 36(4), 329-–347, 2013). Recent psycholinguistic research has shown that internally generated speech (i.e., imagined speech) produces different types of errors than does overt speech (Oppenheim & Dell, Cognition, 106(1), 528-–537, 2008; Oppenheim & Dell, Memory & Cognition, 38(8), 1147–1160, 2010). These studies suggest that articulated speech might involve predictive coding at additional levels than imagined speech. The current fMRI experiment investigates neural evidence of predictive coding in speech production. Twenty-four participants from UC Irvine were recruited for the study. Participants were scanned while they were visually presented with a sequence of words that they reproduced in sync with a visual metronome. On each trial, they were cued to either silently articulate the sequence or to imagine the sequence without overt articulation. As expected, silent articulation and imagined speech both engaged a left hemisphere network previously implicated in speech production. A contrast of silent articulation with imagined speech revealed greater activation for articulated speech in inferior frontal cortex, premotor cortex and the insula in the left hemisphere, consistent with greater articulatory load. Although both conditions were silent, this contrast also produced significantly greater activation in auditory cortex in dorsal superior temporal gyrus in both hemispheres. We suggest that these activations reflect forward predictions arising from additional levels of the perceptual/motor hierarchy that are involved in monitoring the intended speech output.
Perioperative blood transfusion and complications in children undergoing surgery for solid tumors.

Abstract Background The objective was to assess whether perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) is associated with postoperative complications in children undergoing surgery for a solid tumor. Methods Using 2012-2014 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric data, we identified patients aged 0-18 years who underwent surgery (biopsy or resection) for solid tumors. We compared demographic, clinical, and 30-day outcome characteristics between children who did and did not receive a PBT within 72 hours after surgery. Propensity score–matched analyses were used to estimate the effect of PBT on postoperative complications, in the overall cohort, the subgroup undergoing resection, and the subgroup with liver tumors. Results Of 961 patients who underwent surgery for solid tumors, 27.8% required PBT. Patients requiring PBT were more likely to have preoperative risk factors, including ventilator dependence, hematologic disorders, chemotherapy, sepsis, transfusion before surgery, and an American Society of Anesthesiologists class ≥3 (all P ≤ 0.01). In propensity score–matched analyses, PBT was not associated with overall complication risk (odds ratio [OR]: 1.50, P = 0.07) but was associated with an increased risk of postoperative mechanical ventilation (OR: 3.78, P P = 0.02). Of 163 patients with liver tumors, 52.8% required PBT. After propensity matching, PBT was not associated with postoperative complications (OR: 2.00, P = 0.09). PBT was associated with a longer postoperative length of stay in all three analyses (all P Conclusions PBT was associated with higher risks for postoperative complications in children undergoing surgery for solid tumors.
The Seventeenth Annual AAAI Robot Exhibition and Manipulation and Mobility Workshop

The AAAI 2008 Workshop on Mobility and Manipulation (held during the Twenty-Third AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence) showcased advances in mobility and manipulation through a half-day workshop and an exhibition. The workshop focused on possible solutions to both technical and organizational challenges to mobility and manipulation research. This article presents the highlights of that discussion along with the content of the accompanying exhibits.
Remote Sighted Assistants for Indoor Location Sensing of Visually Impaired Pedestrians

Because indoor navigation is difficult for people with visual impairment, there is a need for the development of assistive technology. Indoor location sensing, the ability to identify a pedestrian's location and orientation, is a key component of such technology. We tested the accuracy of a potential crowdsourcing-based indoor location sensing method. Normally sighted subjects were asked to identify the location and facing direction of photos taken by a pedestrian in a building. The subjects had available a floor plan and a small number of representative photos from key locations within the floor plan. Subjects were able to provide accurate location estimates (median location accuracy 3.87ft). This finding indicates that normally sighted subjects, with minimal training, using a simple graphical representation of a floor plan, can provide accurate location estimates based on a single, suitable photo taken by a pedestrian. We conclude that indoor localization is possible using remote, crowdsourced, human assistance. This method has the potential to be used for the location-sensing component of an indoor navigation aid for people with visual impairment.
Differences in words used to describe racial and gender groups in Medical Student Performance Evaluations.

Purpose The transition from medical school to residency is a critical step in the careers of physicians. Because of the standardized application process-wherein schools submit summative Medical Student Performance Evaluations (MSPE's)-it also represents a unique opportunity to assess the possible prevalence of racial and gender disparities, as shown elsewhere in medicine. Method The authors conducted textual analysis of MSPE's from 6,000 US students applying to 16 residency programs at a single institution in 2014-15. They used custom software to extract demographic data and keyword frequency from each MSPE. The main outcome measure was the proportion of applicants described using 24 pre-determined words from four thematic categories ("standout traits", "ability", "grindstone habits", and "compassion"). Results The data showed significant differences based on race and gender. White applicants were more likely to be described using "standout" or "ability" keywords (including "exceptional", "best", and "outstanding") while Black applicants were more likely to be described as "competent". These differences remained significant after controlling for United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 scores. Female applicants were more frequently described as "caring", "compassionate", and "empathic" or "empathetic". Women were also more frequently described as "bright" and "organized". Conclusions While the MSPE is intended to reflect an objective, summative assessment of students' qualifications, these data demonstrate for the first time systematic differences in how candidates are described based on racial/ethnic and gender group membership. Recognizing possible implicit biases and their potential impact is important for faculty who strive to create a more egalitarian medical community.
An Approach to Myopathy for the Primary Care Clinician

Patients with muscle weakness are frequently encountered in the primary care clinic; however, the identification of an underlying disorder of muscle can pose a significant challenge. The aim of this review article is to provide a clinical and diagnostic framework to aid the primary care clinician in the detection and evaluation of suspected myopathies.
The effects of primary prevention policies on mortality from motor-vehicle crashes among children in the United States.

Abstract Introduction: Every year, 4500 children die in motor-vehicle crashes in the United States, with estimated costs of more than $40,000 and $240 billion in productivity losses. The majority of deaths and injuries are associated with improper use of restraint devices, alcohol, high speeds, and built environments. Methodology: This is a retrospective study using U.S. panel data from 1997 through 2005. Data sources included the Fatality Analysis Reporting System, the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, the U.S. Census Bureau, the Atlas of Presidential Elections, and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. This study used conditional fixed effects negative binomial regression to analyze the effect of the covariates on mortality by state and year. Results: A total of 32,893 children died in motor-vehicle crashes (MVCs). States that allowed fines greater than $50 for lack of restraint use experienced significant reductions in mortality as well as states with laws allowing the use of red light cameras. Graduate licensing programs requiring a minimum age of 16 for the intermediate-level experienced mortality reductions as much as 90% compared with a minimum age of 14. Higher posted speeds were associated with higher mortality rates, particularly on local roads. Conclusion: This research focuses on the effects injury prevention laws have on mortality, but not on how effectively these laws are implemented and/or enforced. Results may be useful to policy-makers and public health practitioners involved in injury prevention and public health. Practical applications: Design appropriate education and training programs in road safety, implement effective road safety interventions and improve traffic safety legislation.
Markov Logic: A Language and Algorithms for Link Mining

Link mining problems are characterized by high complexity (since linked objects are not statistically independent) and uncertainty (since data is noisy and incomplete). Thus they necessitate a modeling language that is both probabilistic and relational. Markov logic provides this by attaching weights to formulas in first-order logic and viewing them as templates for features of Markov networks. Many link mining problems can be elegantly formulated and efficiently solved using Markov logic. Inference algorithms for Markov logic draw on ideas from satisfiability testing, Markov chain Monte Carlo, belief propagation, and resolution. Learning algorithms are based on convex optimization, pseudo-likelihood, and inductive logic programming. Markov logic has been used successfully in a wide variety of link mining applications and is the basis of the open-source Alchemy system.
Simulation of C-CP Fiber-Based Air Filtration

The overall goal of this project is to develop High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter media, using conventional fiber spinning techniques, with lower pressure drop than current media through the use of shaped fibers. Capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fibers are gaining interest for use in a range of separations applications. This paper focuses on modeling air filtration where the filter consists of C-CP fibers. A variety of numerical tools are being used in this effort, including a finite element flow solver and Brownian dynamics simulation. Aspects of these techniques in relation to the problem at hand will be described, and simulation results including comparisons to round-fiber filters will be presented. The primary result presented here is the significant difference in predicted pressure drop between a prototype C-CP filter and a round-fiber filter with equal total cross-sectional area.
Photoelectrochemical devices for solar energy conversion

Photoelectrochemical cells are distinguished by the use of a semiconductor-electrolyte interface to create the necessary junction for use as a photovoltaic device.1-8 This chapter presents a description of this device from an electrochemical engineering viewpoint. The traditional chemical engineering fundamentals of transport phenomena, reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, and system design provide a useful foundation for the study of semiconducting devices. The motivation for the study of photoelectrochemical cells is discussed, and a physical description of the cell features is presented. A tutorial on the mechanism of cell operation is presented which includes descriptions of the phenomena of band-bending and straightening, the effect of interfacial phenomena, and current flow. Mathematical relationships are developed which describe this system, and the influence of cell design is discussed.
Chemical and biochemical properties of human angiogenin.

It is now widely appreciated that neovascularization is essential for the growth and progression of solid tumors. Indeed, this requirement has led to the concept of tumor-induced angiogenesis whereby tumor cells secrete a substance or substances that promote the proliferation of neighboring blood vessels. Such a substance was, in fact, thought to be not only obligatory but also specific and peculiar to malignant cells. As a consequence, a great deal of attention has been directed toward the isolation and characterization of such a material. Containment of neoplastic growth through specific control of the tumor-induced angiogenic process has been suggested to be a potential therapeutic approach and this has added additional impetus to the effort.
An Interdisciplinary Clinical Approach for Workplace Violence Prevention and Injury Reduction in the General Hospital Setting: S.A.F.E. Response

BACKGROUND: Workplace violence is a major public health concern. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, from 2002 to 2013, incidents of serious workplace violence (those requiring days off) were four times more common in health care than in private industry. AIMS: An interprofessional committee developed, implemented, and evaluated a quality improvement project from 2012 to 2016 to reduce workplace violence and prevent staff injury. The initiative termed S.A.F.E. Response stands for Spot a threat, Assess the risk, Formulate a safe response, Evaluate the outcome. METHOD: An institutional review board-approved quality improvement survey was implemented and evaluated. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. An interprofessional committee developed and implemented a comprehensive program to prevent injury, which included (a) a mandatory eLearning educational training, (b) a S.A.F.E. Response with standardized interventions for the clinical conditions affecting safety, and (c) a clinical debriefing process. A reduction in nursing staff assault incidence rates was identified as a success. RESULTS: Nursing staff injury rates decreased an average of 40%. CONCLUSIONS: A reduction in nursing staff assault incidence rates was notable. Clinicians equipped with knowledge, skills, and resources can identify and defuse unsafe situations to prevent violence. This clinical approach shifts the focus from crisis intervention to crisis prevention, which reduces injury.
Poor Relationship Between Fractionated Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Disease Activity in Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Current eosinophilic esophagitis care requires monitoring with repeat endoscopy and biopsy, which has significant cost, risk, and inconvenience for patients. Fractionated exhaled nitric oxide testing (FeNO) is a standardized non-invasive test with proven utility in evaluation of asthma. Elevated FeNO has reported use in other eosinophilic inflammatory conditions; however, its use in eosinophilic esophagitis has not been fully evaluated. To assess the utility of FeNO in predicting severity of eosinophilic esophagitis activity. Fifty patients received fractionated exhaled nitric oxide testing within 1 week of endoscopic evaluation with biopsy for determination of peak eosinophil counts. Presence of furrows was also evaluated with respect to FeNO levels. Spearman correlation was calculated between FeNO and peak eosinophil counts (PEC) with subgroup analysis performed based on PPI use. Spearman correlation was performed on the change in FeNO and PEC on the patients receiving repeat testing. FeNO was poorly correlated to PEC (Spearman correlation 0.22). With a cut-off FeNO value of > 40 ppb, specificity of FeNO for detecting presence of ≥ 15 eos/hpf was 0.94 and sensitivity was 0.16. FeNO showed weak relationship to presence of furrows. Within the subgroup of patients not taking PPI, the spearman correlation was 0.21. Delta- FeNO versus Delta-PEC had spearman correlation of 0.72 for patients receiving repeat testing. FeNO likely has limited clinical utility for predicting severity of esophageal eosinophilia. In patients with FeNO levels > 40 ppb, specificity of testing was high, but very few patients reached this FeNO level.
Innovations in Process Control Education: A Flipped Classroom/Studio Approach

Abstract A flipped classroom where students view screencasts and read textbook material and take an on-line quiz before class has been implemented in a process dynamics and control course. The class periods involve brief lectures summarizing what they have learned, and include discussions and advanced problem solving using MATLAB and Simulink. The weekly assignments include a mix of analytical and numerical solutions. Motivating examples, such as automated insulin delivery are used throughout the course. Although a physical laboratory experiment is not used, the class benefits from a tour of the campus boilerhouse system.
Abusing Youth: Theologically Understanding Youth Through Misunderstanding Disability

Young people and folks who are disabled have a lot in common. Often, both groups are considered to lack certain characteristics that would qualify them as being “normal,” as defined by a culturo-sc...
Bridging the Digital Health Divide: Toward Equitable Global Access to Mobile Health Interventions for People Living With HIV

Digital health is transforming the field of medicine; the term Digital health refers to the growing number of interactions that occur between digital technology and health. mHealth provides the opp...
Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among Transgender and Gender Nonconforming People Living with HIV: Findings from the 2015 U.S. Trans Survey

Purpose: This article includes an analysis of medication adherence among transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) people living with HIV (PLWH) from the 2015 U.S. Trans Survey (USTS), the largest survey of TGNC people in the United States. Methods: Using data from the USTS, our analytic sample included 162 TGNC PLWH who had been prescribed antiretroviral (ART). We grouped respondents by adherent/nonadherent and compared demographic characteristics and potential adherence risk factors. Results: Approximately 65.8% of participants reported "taking ART as prescribed" all the time (61.0% trans women and 85.7% of trans men). Black TGNC PLWH were more likely to be nonadherent than whites or Hispanics. Adherent participants reported higher rates of home ownership. Nonadherent PLWH reported higher rates of verbal harassment, sex work, and homelessness in the past year, and lower rates of visiting an HIV doctor for care in the past year. Conclusions: USTS respondents living with HIV reported lower adherence than in other nationally representative studies of this population in medical care. HIV rates are higher among black individuals, and reported adherence is lower, suggesting this is a high-priority population. Findings also suggest that unstable sociostructural conditions (homelessness, sex work, etc.) compromise medication adherence. Future practice directions include integrating HIV treatment plans into larger support services for TGNC PLWH.
The psychology of genocide: Perpetrators, bystanders, and rescuers.

Genocide has tragically claimed the lives of over 262 million victims in the last century. Jews, Armenians, Cambodians, Darfurians, Kosovons, Rwandans, the list seems endless. Clinical psychologist Steven K. Baum sets out to examine the psychological patterns to these atrocities. Building on trait theory as well as social psychology he reanalyzes key conformity studies (including the famous experiments of Ash, Millgram and Zimbardo) to bring forth an understanding of identity and emotional development during genocide. Baum presents a model that demonstrates how people's actions during genocide actually mirror their behaviour in everyday life: there are those who destruct (perpetrators), those who help (rescuers) and those who remain uninvolved, positioning themselves between the two extremes (bystanders). Combining eyewitness accounts with Baum's own analysis, this book reveals the common mental and emotional traits among perpetrators, bystanders and rescuers and how a war between personal and social identity accounts for these divisions.
Research at the Intersection of Entrepreneurship, Supply Chain Management, and Strategic Management: Opportunities Highlighted by COVID-19

Since the early 2000s, research at the intersection of entrepreneurship and strategic management has flourished, as has work at the intersection of strategic management and supply chain management....
COVID-19 Infection Among Healthcare Workers: Serological Findings Supporting Routine Testing

A growing body of evidence demonstrates that asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is a major contributor to the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontline healthcare workers in COVID-19 hotspots have faced numerous challenges, including shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE) and difficulties acquiring clinical testing. The magnitude of the exposure of healthcare workers and the potential for asymptomatic transmission makes it critical to understand the incidence of infection in this population. To determine the prevalence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection amongst healthcare workers, we studied frontline staff working in the Montefiore Health System in New York City. All participants were asymptomatic at the time of testing and were tested by RT-qPCR and for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The medical, occupational, and COVID-19 exposure histories of participants were recorded via questionnaires. Of the 98 asymptomatic healthcare workers tested, 19 (19.4%) tested positive by RT-qPCR and/or ELISA. Within this group, four (4.1%) were RT-qPCR positive, and four (4.1%) were PCR and IgG positive. Notably, an additional 11 (11.2%) individuals were IgG positive without a positive PCR. Two PCR positive individuals subsequently developed COVID-19 symptoms, while all others remained asymptomatic at 2-week follow-up. These results indicate that there is considerable asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2 within the healthcare workforce, despite current mitigation policies. Furthermore, presuming that asymptomatic staff are not carrying SARS-CoV-2 is inconsistent with our results, and this could result in amplified transmission within healthcare settings. Consequently, aggressive testing regiments, such as testing frontline healthcare workers on a regular, multi-modal basis, may be required to prevent further spread within the workforce and to patients.
PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS, AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR AND SEIZURES: A CASE REPORT

Background The diagnostic category of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) refers to a group of disorders characterized by delays in the development of socialization and communication skills. Symptoms may include problems with using and understanding language, difficulties relating to people, objects and events, as well as difficulties in changing routine or familiar surroundings, repetitive body movements or behaviour disorders. The behaviour disorders (aggressive behaviours, SIB) can occur and manifest with a large spectrum of clinical symptoms; they usually can be treated with antipsychotic medications. However, when no response to antipsychotics is observed, episodes of aggressive behaviour could be related to epilepsy, occurring in the context of high emotional arousal, anger or fear. Methods We report the case of a 18-year-old man diagnosed with PDD presenting auto-aggressive behaviour non-responding to neuroleptic medication. The symptoms began when he was 14-year-old. Clinical evaluation showed recurrent episode of excessive hyperactivity and severe auto mutilation, such as biting himself. PET imaging with F-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) was performed for epilepsy work-up. Results PET Imaging showed a focal hypo metabolic lesion in the right temporo-parietal region, highly suggestive for an epileptic focus. Treatment with anti-epileptic medication was initiated and 2 weeks later the self injurious behaviour disappeared with no recurrence 12 months later. Conclusions Evaluation of more cases of this subset of PDD patients with epilepsy presenting as behaviour disorders by 18F-FDG PET may suggest a possible role in determining an epileptic focus and might in addition potentially help to monitor treatment response.
Primordial Protein Tails.

C-terminal tailing is an ancient and conserved form of peptide synthesis that protects cells from incomplete and potentially toxic translation products. Filbeck et al. (2020) and Crowe-McAuliffe et al. (2020) use structural, genetic, and biochemical approaches to elucidate the mechanisms driving C-terminal tailing.
Teprotumumab for the treatment of mild compressive optic neuropathy in thyroid eye disease: A report of two cases

Abstract Purpose To report two cases of thyroid eye disease (TED) associated compressive optic neuropathy (CON) that resolved after treatment with teprotumumab. Observation Two patients presented with active TED resulting in mild CON with the typical corresponding visual field (VF) defects. Both patients were initiated on intravenous (IV) corticosteroid therapy but despite treatment had persistent VF defects. Both patients were then treated with teprotumumab and demonstrated marked clinical improvement and complete resolution of TED-CON VF defects early in their infusion course. Conclusions and importance These cases suggest that teprotumumab can be a rapid and effective treatment for TED-CON, and raises the question of whether it may be superior to IV corticosteroid therapy.
Inhalable bedaquiline-loaded cubosomes for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths globally. Treatment-related adverse effects and development of drug resistance limit the available treatment options for most patients. Therefore, newer drug candidates and drug delivery systems that have limited adverse effects with significant anti-cancer efficacy are needed. For NSCLC treatment, delivering drugs via inhalation is highly beneficial as it requires lower doses and limits systemic toxicity. Bedaquiline (BQ), an FDA-approved anti-tuberculosis drug has previously shown excellent anti-cancer efficacy. However, poor aqueous solubility limits its delivery via the lungs. In this project, we developed inhalable BQ-loaded cubosome (BQLC) nanocarriers against NSCLC. The BQLC were prepared using a solvent evaporation technique with the cubosomal nanocarriers exhibiting a particle size of 150.2 ± 5.1 nm, zeta potential of (+) 35.4 ± 2.3 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 51.85 ± 4.83%. The solid-state characterization (DSC and XRD) confirmed drug encapsulation and in an amorphous form within the cubosomes. The BQLC nanocarriers showed excellent aerodynamic properties after nebulization (MMAD of 4.21 ± 0.53 µm and FPF > 75%). The BQLC displayed enhanced cellular internalization and cytotoxicity with a ~ 3-fold reduction in IC50 compared to free BQ in NSCLC (A549) cells, after 48 h treatment. The BQLC suppressed cell proliferation via apoptotic pathway, further inhibited colony formation, and cancer metastasis in vitro. Additionally, 3D-tumor simulation studies established the anti-cancer efficacy of cubosomal nanocarriers as compared to free BQ. This is the first study exploring the potential of cubosomes as inhalation therapy of repurposed drug, BQ and the results suggest that BQLC may be a promising NSCLC therapy due to excellent aerosolization performance and enhanced anti-cancer activity.
Characterization of a prototype of atmospheric water collector using Peltier cells model TEC1-12706

A few years ago, a study revealed that Lima would be one of the first metropolis cities to run out of water. Faced with latent water shortages and the imminent climate change we are facing, we are devising a different way of collecting water. That is why this research makes us wonder about the effectiveness of the Peltier cell, the use of the cold point of this cell helps us to condense the water that is in the air, the test carried out only had one cell achieving the condensation of these particles in a volume of 0.15 cm3 of air in a period of 30 minutes. Therefore, it can be inferred that, with a greater number of these cells, the correct thermal insulation and with a longer time, the results obtained could be better. Using for this method a Peltier cell model TEC1-12706 since it is the most common and a heat sink to avoid overheating the system.
DPP4 Activity, Hyperinsulinemia, and Atherosclerosis.

Context Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with chronic hyperinsulinemia, elevated plasma levels of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), and a pro-atherosclerotic milieu. Evidence acquisition PubMed search of the term "insulin and atherosclerosis," "hyperinsulinemia," "atherosclerosis," or "cardiovascular outcomes" cross-referenced with "DPP4." Relevant research and review articles were reviewed. Evidence synthesis Hyperinsulinemia in the setting of insulin resistance promotes vascular inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cell growth, pathological cholesterol profile, hypertension, and recruitment of immune cells to the endothelium, all contributing to atherosclerosis. DPP4 has pleiotropic functions and its activity is elevated in obese humans. DPP4 mirrors hyperinsulinemia's atherogenic actions in the insulin resistant state, and genetic deletion of DPP4 protects rodents from developing insulin resistance and improves cardiovascular outcomes. DPP4 inhibition in pro-atherosclerotic preclinical models results in reduced inflammation and oxidative stress, improved endothelial function, and decreased atherosclerosis. Increased incretin levels may have contributed to but do not completely account for these benefits. Small clinical studies with DPP4 inhibitors demonstrate reduced carotid intimal thickening, improved endothelial function, and reduced arterial stiffness. To date, this has not been translated to cardiovascular risk reduction for individuals with type 2 diabetes with prior or exaggerated risk of cardiovascular disease. Conclusion DPP4 may represent a key link between central obesity, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis. The gaps in knowledge in DPP4 function and discrepancy in cardiovascular outcomes observed in preclinical and large-scale randomized controlled studies with DPP4 inhibitors warrant additional research.
The Drama of Van der Waerden

This chapter serves as a summary of the entire ca. 500-page book. It brings me to a conclusion that one’s response to living under tyranny without willingly supporting it can only be to leave, to engage in resistance, or to compromise.
Lymphoepithelioma-Like Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Report of Three Cases and Review of Literature

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas (LELCs) are carcinomas which show histologic similarities to lymphoepithelioma (AKA nasopharyngeal carcinoma) and prominently feature a lymphoid-rich stroma with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. LELCs have been described in a number of different organ systems, are often associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and have been reported to carry favorable prognoses when compared to classic carcinomas of these organ systems. LELCs of the liver are exceedingly rare. Here, we report three cases of lymphoepithelioma-like hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in one female and two male patients. All three carcinomas were composed of a population of malignant cells with focal to diffuse positivity for HepPar-1, as well as a prominent lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate intimately associated with the malignant cells. In two cases investigated by immunohistochemistry, the lymphoid population contained a prominent CD3 + T-cell population which consisted of CD4 + lymphocytes and CD8 + cytotoxic T cells, which also showed staining for T-cell intracellular antigen-1 (TIA-1). Chromogenic in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded RNA (EBER CISH) was negative in both the malignant cells and the lymphoid population in all three cases. Two patients who underwent surgical resection are alive without recurrence at 38 and 26 months after surgery. The third patient treated by chemoembolization died 31 months after the diagnosis. J Med Cases. 2015;6(7):297-303 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jmc2106w
Responses of Physical, Chemical, and Biological Indicators of Water Quality to a Gradient of Agricultural Land Use in the Yakima River Basin, Washington

The condition of 25 stream sites in the Yakima River Basin, Washington, were assessed by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Multimetric condition indices were developed and used to rank sites on the basis of physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. These indices showed that sites in the Cascades and Eastern Cascades ecoregions were largely unimpaired. In contrast, all but two sites in the Columbia Basin ecoregion were impaired, some severely. Agriculture (nutrients and pesticides) was the primary factor associated with impairment and all impaired sites were characterized by multiple indicators of impairment. All indices of biological condition (fish, invertebrates, and algae) declined as agricultural intensity increased. The response exhibited by invertebrates and algae suggested a threshold response with conditions declining precipitously at relatively low levels of agricultural intensity and little response at moderate to high levels of agricultural intensity. This pattern of response suggests that the success of mitigation will vary depending upon where on the response curve the mitigation is undertaken. Because the form of the community condition response is critical to effective water-quality management, the National Water-Quality Assessment Program is conducting studies to examine the response of biota to gradients of land-use intensity and the relevance of these responses to water-quality management. These land-use gradient pilot studies will be conducted in several urban areas starting in 1999.
Damage detection in an experimental bridge model using Hilbert–Huang transform of transient vibrations

SUMMARY This paper presents the health monitoring of an experimental bridge model using Hilbert–Huang transform of transient vibration data. The Hilbert–Huang transform involves decomposition of vibration data into ‘intrinsic mode functions’ through the process of empirical mode decomposition. The Hilbert transform of intrinsic mode functions yields magnitude and frequency of oscillations as a function of time, which is called the Hilbert spectrum. Marginal Hilbert spectrum is obtained by integration of the Hilbert spectrum over time. A 4 × 1 m single span-bridge instrumented with 10 wireless sensor nodes is used for the study. Three levels of damage are introduced by removing bolts connecting the midspan floor beam with one of the girders. Bridge vertical accelerations are measured as a wheel and axle is gently rolled across its length (called one ‘run’) to simulate passing vehicles. The Hilbert spectrum for multiple runs, joint time–frequency analysis for individual runs, marginal Hilbert spectrum, and instantaneous phase were examined for the baseline (healthy) bridge and the three damage cases. The results demonstrate that the method can detect and locate damage under transient vibration loads. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.