cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An efficient simulation of variable-angle spinning lineshapes for the quadrupolar nuclei with half-integer spin

Abstract NMR spectroscopy of quadrupolar nuclei in solids generally yields broad lines even when magic-angle spinning is applied. Broadening of the cen t transition of quadrupolar nuclei with half-integer spins is caused by the anisotropy of the second-order quadrupolar interaction. A straightforward approach is reported which combines average-Hamiltonian theory and a numerical solution of a classical banded matrix describing the equation of motion for a quadrupolar nucleus under variable-angle sample-spinning conditions. At either of two fourth-rank magic angles, a simple three-parameter lineshape is obtained, and the three breakpoints are related directly to the quadrupolar constant and its asymmetry parameter. The banded matrix method used in the simulations is computationally much more efficient than the standard method using Bessel functions.
Cephalic angled views for detection of occult lesser curvature ulcers

A total of 10 gastric ulcers in the lesser curvature, which would probably have been overlooked, were readily seen by using cephalic tube angulation in upper gastrointestinal (GI) radiography. Routine use of angled radiography in patients with a high transverse stomach is recommended to visualize lesser curvature ulcers which, due to the high position of the stomach, are easily missed at fluoroscopy and are not visible on routine films.
Scalable Pending Interest Table design: From principles to practice

A Pending Interest Table (PIT) is a core component in Named Data Networking. Scalable PIT design is challenging because it requires per-packet updates, and the names stored in the PIT are long, requiring more memory. As the line speed keeps increasing, e.g., 100 Gbps, traditional hash-table based methods cannot meet these requirements. In this paper, we propose a novel Pending Interest Table design that guarantees packet delivery with a compact and approximate storage representation. To achieve this, the PIT stores fixed-length fingerprints instead of name strings. To overcome the classical fingerprint collision problem, the Interest aggregation feature in the core routers is relaxed. The memory requirement and network traffic overhead are analyzed, and the performance of a software implementation of the proposed design is measured. Our results show that 37 MiB to 245 MiB are required at 100 Gbps, so that the PIT can fit into SRAM or RLDRAM chips.
When the drumbeat changes

‘When the drumbeat changes’ is a short story about the brutality and contradictions of slavery in eighteenth-century Brazil. It is an attempt to restore emotion and morality to the practice of history.
Supernova remnants in dense clouds. I - Blast-wave dynamics and X-ray irradiation

Simplified models of cooling SNRs in uniform media together with an idealized emission spectrum are used to investigate the X-ray irradiation of the surrounding gas. The radiative transfer of the emitted X-rays through both the dense cooling shell and the unshocked cloud is calculated, with a simplified treatment to allow for an ionized zone surrounding the SNR. Numerical results are presented for SN energy of 10 exp 51 ergs and ambient densities ranging from 100 to 1,000,000 cu cm. It is found that an appreciable fraction of the X-ray energy is absorbed in regions where the X-ray energy deposited per H nucleon is between 1 and 30 eV; if the gas is initially molecular, the X-ray irradiation will result in warm molecular gas in which endothermic chemical reactions may proceed, and from which there may be strong emission in rotation-vibration transitions of H2 and other molecular species.
To License or Not to License Revisited: An Examination of State Statutes Regarding Private Investigators and Digital Examiners

In this update to the previous year's study, the authors examine statutes that regulate, license, and enforce investigative functions in each US state. After identification and review of Private Investigator licensing requirements, the authors find that very few state statutes explicitly differentiate between Private Investigators and Digital Examiners. After contacting all state agencies the authors present a distinct grouping organizing state approaches to professional Digital Examiner licensing. The authors conclude that states must differentiate between Private Investigator and Digital Examiner licensing requirements and oversight.
Investment timing and efficiency in incomplete contracts

This paper considers a buyer and seller capable of making observable but nonverifiable relationship-specific investments before the parties' valuations of trade (also observable but nonverifiable) are known. Our formulation allows investments to have direct external effects and the investments to occur sequentially. We characterize an incomplete contract that implements the first-best investments and trade. This optimal contract states negotiation procedures used to determine a monetary transfer made during the investment phase and the terms of trade.
Teaching first-year medical students where to go first: connecting information needs to e-resources.

The purpose of this project was to introduce first-year medical students to electronic resources that are best suited for different types of background questions. Specific questions from a case study were presented, and the students generalized them into a “type” of question. They then identified the best e-resources for that type of question. This is their first introduction to the lifelong learning competency in the Indiana University School of Medicine competency-based curriculum.
Strong consistency and rates for deconvolution of multivariate densities of stationary processes

Abstract We consider the estimation of the multivariate probability density functions of stationary random processes from noisy observations. The strong consistency and almost sure convergence rates for kernel-type deconvolution estimators is established for strongly mixing processes. The dependence of the a.s. convergence rates on the noise distribution is examined; both ordinary and super smooth noise distributions are considered.
NUCLEAR SPIN OF GALLIUM-68

The atomic-beam magnetic resonance method has been used to measure the nuclear angular momentum of 68-minute gallium-68. It is found that I = 1. (auth) The spins of three radioactive silver isotopes, Ag/sup 105/(T/sub 1/2/ = 40 days, I = 1/2), Ag/sup 106/(T/sub 1/2/ = 8.3 days, I and Ag/sup 110m/(T/sub 1/2/ = 253 days, I = 6), have been measured by atomic-beam techniques. (W.D.M.)
"Battered data"--some clinical effects of the abuse of multiple regression methods: the NSD.

The NSD equation, D = 1850×T 0.11×N 0.24, is a celebrated transmogrification of Cohen’s two well‐known collations of data on response to clinical irradiations (3° erythema and 0.90 ablation of skin cancer) in which the relation of D and T is fixed by the data selected by Cohen and the additional constraint that N correspond to a schedule of five treatments per week is imposed subsequently by Ellis. The present paper shows that the equation, if correct, would have little clinical significance because the proportion, P, in which the dose, D, elicits the 3° erythema is unspecified: D = D(P) = D(?). Since the two Cohen collations each summarize the measurements on a different set of observational units, it is questionable whether the equation can be correct. This paper further shows that the appropriate (Least Squares) estimates of the three‐parameter equation derived for the Cohen data under the Ellis constraint (five treatments per week) is in fact: D(1.0)=1710×T 0.54 ×N −0.26 . The paper shows that the NSD equation is also incorrect because the ad hoc method by which Ellis estimates the exponents is inconsistent with the constraints imposed by Cohen and Ellis upon the parameters of the multivariate frequency distribution of the data set. The paper shows that the method by which the correct LS estimates of the exponents were obtained from the Cohen–Ellis data is consistent with these constraints and, therefore, this equation is a correct graduation of any other set of treatment regimens which is also consistent with the Cohen and Ellis constraints. The paper further shows that for such data sets there are, in fact, only two independent continous variables, either D and T or D and N, since the Ellis constraint requires that N and T be c o l l i n e a r. Thus, the best linear graduation has the typical form: D≃1900T 0.32. This is ‘‘best’’ in the usual sense: both prediction and confidence intervals are provided for the estimates of the conditional ‘‘tolerance dose’’ D; these are not inflated by the presence of a collinear variable. This equation is biased, however, by the absence of the collinear variable. The TDF and the CRE concepts are derived from the NSD and, therefore, the deficiencies of the latter concept which we discuss may be expected to encumber these progeny as well. The two characteristic features of the Cohen (Ellis)‐type data which impede the construction of useful estimates of the putative separate effects of N and T upon the response of tissues to irradiation are that (1) these data do n o t include specifications of either a tissued e f e c t or its i n c i d e n c e, and (2) the variables N and T are c o l l i n e a r. Appendices I and II describe methods by which the effects of these features may be eliminated (I) or reduced (II). Key words: NSD, response surface, dose response equations, isoeffect equations, management equations, least squares, constrained least squares, collinearity, factoral experiments, ridge regression, principal components
Bi-Functionally Graded Electrode Supported SOFC Modeling and Computational Thermal Fluid Analysis for Experimental Design

A comprehensive 3D CFD model is developed for a bi-electrode supported cell (BSC) SOFC. The model includes complicated transport phenomena of mass/heat transfer, charge (electron and ion) migration, and electrochemical reaction. The uniqueness of the modeling study is that functionally graded porous electrode property is taken into account, including not only linear but nonlinear porosity distributions. Extensive numerical analysis is performed to elucidate the effects of both porous microstructure distributions and operating condition on cell performance. Results indicate that cell performance is strongly dependent on both operating conditions and porous microstructure distributions of electrodes. Using the proposed fuel/gas feeding design, the uniform hydrogen distribution within porous anode is achieved; the oxygen distribution within the cathode is dependent on porous microstructure distributions as well as pressure loss conditions. Simulation results show that fairly uniform temperature distribution can be obtained with the proposed fuel/gas feeding design. The modeling results can be employed to guide experimental design of BSC test and provide pre-experimental analysis, as a result, to circumvent high cost associated with try-and-error experimental design and setup.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Comparison of Endoscopic Ureterocele Decompression Techniques. Preliminary Experience—Is the Watering Can Puncture Superior?

Purpose: The optimal endoscopic technique to manage an obstructing ureterocele would reliably relieve obstruction without creating de novo vesicoureteral reflux. The classic incision achieves decompression but invariably creates new vesicoureteral reflux. We compared a new endoscopic puncture technique to assess its superiority to endoscopic incision.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 27 consecutive endoscopic ureterocele procedures at our institution. Patients who underwent an endoscopic incision or watering can puncture procedure had their records reviewed for preoperative radiological and clinical data, operative description, and postoperative radiological and clinical outcomes.Results: Of the 15 patients with endoscopic ureterocele incision 11 underwent a watering can puncture. All ureteroceles were associated with grade 3 or 4 hydronephrosis. Incision successfully decompressed the ureterocele in 14 of 16 cases (87.5%) and hydronephrosis in 14 (87.5%) on postoperative renal ultrasound....
Interaction between amyloid precursor protein and presenilins in mammalian cells: Implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease

Mutations in the presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2) genes increase the production of the highly amyloidogenic 42-residue form of amyloid β-protein (Aβ42) in a variety of cell lines and transgenic mice. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of this effect, wild-type (wt) or mutant PS1 and PS2 genes were stably transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing endogenous or transfected β-amyloid precursor protein (APP). By immunoprecipitation/Western blot analysis, APP was consistently found to coimmunoprecipitate with PS1 or PS2 proteins. Several distinct PS1, PS2, or APP antibodies precipitated PS–APP complexes that were detectable by blotting with either APP or PS antibodies. Importantly, complex formation could be detected at endogenous protein levels in nontransfected cells. In various Chinese hamster ovary cell lines, the amounts of APP coprecipitated by PS antibodies were proportional to the expression levels of both APP and PS. APP–PS complexes also were recovered from human 293 and HS683 cells. Full maturation of APP was not required for the interaction; most APP molecules complexed with PS were solely N-glycosylated. Treatment of cells with brefeldin A or incubation at 20°C did not block complex formation, suggesting that the association between APP and PS occurs in part in the endoplasmic reticulum. Complex formation was detected for both wt and mutant PS and APP proteins. Deletion of the APP C-terminal domain did not abrogate complex formation, suggesting that the interaction does not occur in the cytoplasmic domains of the proteins. Our results demonstrate that wt and mutant PS1 and PS2 proteins form complexes with APP in living cells, strongly supporting the hypothesis that mutant PS interacts with APP in a way that enhances the intramembranous proteolysis of the latter by a γ-secretase cleaving at Aβ42.
Rotation effects on axisymmetric sudden-expansion flows

The dump combustor of a ramjet propulsion system was simulated by a Plexiglas tube of 63.5 mm I.D. and 76.2 cm long. A convergent nozzle with an exit diameter of 43.2 mm was fitted to the inlet of the tube. Therefore, this arrangement provided a sudden expansion and gave a step height of 10.15 mm. Tube rotation effects on mixing in the dump combustor were examined by rotating the Plexiglas tube about its own axis at a constant speed. The flow downstream of the sudden expansion was studied using a one-color, one-component, laser-Doppler anemometer. Two conditions were investigated in detail, one with the tube rotating at 840 rpm and another with the tube stationary. In addition, three other experiments with different tube rotational speeds were carried out to determine the dependence of reattachment length on rotation. The average inlet velocity was set at ~ 10.6 m/s for all experiments. The results show that the primary reattachment length decreased as rotation increased because of the destabilizing effect due to the large shear created by the rotating tube wall. A detailed comparison of the flow characteristics with and without rotation present is made, and the effects of rotation on the flow are analyzed.
Increasing Achievement Motivation of Elementary School Students with Mild Disabilities

Presents specific strategies for enhancing achievement motivation that can serve as guides for instructional practices evaluation and the design of new activities
Optimization for Fighter Aircraft Vertical-Plane Maneuvering Using Poststall Flight

A time-optimal, vertical-plane, evasive-offensive maneuver using poststall e ight is found for a e ghter aircraft similar to an F-16. An evader aircraft initially followed by a pursuer aircraft transfers position using the verticalplane maneuver, becoming the pursuer. The aircraft that was initially the pursuer is assumed to continue e ight at constant velocity and constant altitude. A direct numerical method, collocation with nonlinear programming, proveswellsuitedforsolvingthisproblem.Theevaderaircraft’ soptimaltrajectoryisfoundtobeacobramaneuver, one of the vertical poststall maneuvers. Allowing the evader to use thrust vectoring yields a small improvement in e nal time. Nomenclature CD = drag coefe cient CL = lift coefe cient D = drag force e = unit vector directed along the longitudinal axis of an evader g = gravitational acceleration h = altitude J = cost function L = lift force m = mass Nz = normal acceleration r = position vector of a pursuer relative to an evader S = wing area T = thrust t = time v = velocity x = downrange position a = angle of attack c = e ight-path angle q = air density s = thrust vectoring angle s LMT = absolute value of limitation of thrust vectoring angle Subscripts e = value for initial evader f = value at e nal time
PGE1 or PGE2 not LH regulates secretion of progesterone in vitro by the 88-90 day ovine corpus luteum of pregnancy.

Abstract Secretion of progesterone in vitro by mature day 8 ovine corpora lutea (CL) of the estrous cycle was increased linearly by ovine LH (1, 10 and 100 ng/ml) or prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) 1, 10 and 100 ng/ml) in a dose dependent manner (P ≤ 0.05). Progesterone secretion in vitro by 88–90 day ovine CL of pregnancy was not affected P ≥ 0.05 by LH (1, 10 and 100 ng/ml) while prostaglandin E 1 (PGE 1 ) 1, 10 and 100 ng/ml) increased (P ≤ 0.05) secretion of progesterone in a dose dependent manner and PGE 2 (1, 10 and 100 ng/ml) increased (P ≤ 0.05) secretion of progesterone only at the 100 ng/ml dose. Day 8 ovine CL of the estrous cycle did not secrete (P ≥ 0.05) detectable quantities of prostaglandin F 2 α (PGF 2 α) or prostaglandin E (PGE) while 88–90 day ovine CL of pregnancy secrete PGE (P ≤ 0.05) but not PGF 2 α (P ≥ 0.05). Regulation of PGE secretion by 88–90 day ovine CL of pregnancy may be via pregnancy specific protein B (PSPB), which increased (P ≤ 0.05) PGE and progesterone but not PGF 2 α (P ≥ 0.05) secretion. Secretion of progesterone by CL of 88–90 days of pregnancy was not affected by IGF 1 , IGF 2 , PAF-16, PAF-18, oxytocin, PGI 2 , PGD 2 or leukotriene C 4 (P ≥ 0.05). It is concluded that PGE 1 or PGE 2 but not LH regulates secretion of progesterone in vitro by 88–90 day ovine CL of pregnancy. In addition, it is concluded that 88–90 day ovine CL of pregnancy secretes it's own luteotropin, which is PGE. Secretion of PGE by ovine CL of pregnancy may be regulated by PSPB.
A meta-analysis of the relationship between density and travel behavior

To generalize the relationship between density and travel behavior, previous research proceeded with three approaches: metropolitan-level studies describing tendencies on an international scale, area-specific studies extrapolating their outcomes to other areas, and research syntheses pooling descriptive or quantitative outcomes of the studies. However, little research investigated the contextual effect of study areas on the density–travel relationship. Thus, this study conducts meta-analysis to investigate how the magnitude of the relationship differs between two areas that have been frequently studied: the United States and Europe. A pre-test shows that the way of measuring density and travel behavior does not affect the variation in study outcomes, whereas a post-test or sensitivity analysis indicates that the rigor of research designs and statistical techniques affects the variation. The main test finds that the density–travel relationship is significantly stronger in Europe than in the United States. The magnitude difference between the areas is maintained after controlling for confounders, including research design and technical rigor.
Annual cycle of blood chemistry parameters in striped mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) and pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides L.) from the Gulf of Mexico

Annual cycle measurements were made on serum sodium, potassium, chloride, iron, magnesium, calcium, carbon dioxide, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides, inorganic phosphorus, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and creatine kinase in the striped mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) and the pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides L.). For each parameter, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation (C.V.) are reported. The lowest C.V.s were associated with the electrolytes and the greatest C.V.s with serum enzymes. The lowest variability for most parameters was observed in the vitellogenic and prespawning period.
A randomized controlled trial of genotype-based Coumadin initiation

Purpose: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in patients initiating warfarin to determine whether algorithms that incorporate genotypes affecting warfarin metabolism and function, and Vitamin K metabolism improve prediction of therapeutic warfarin dose and anticoagulation management. Methods: A total of 230 patients were randomized to either a clinical arm where dosing algorithms considered only clinical information or an interventional arm where dosing algorithms used clinical and genotypic variables (CYP2C9, CYP4F2, and VKORC1). Subjects in the interventional arm were genotyped within 5 hours, and the initial dose was informed by genotype. Primary endpoints were absolute prediction error relative to therapeutic dose, and time in therapeutic target range during the first 14 days. Secondary endpoints included time to stable dose in therapeutic range, time to first international normalization ratio >4, and warfarin-related adverse events. Results: The model including genetics more accurately identified therapeutic dose twice as often as the clinical model (65.3% vs. 34.7%) (P 4 and adverse events. Conclusion: Genotype-informed dosing clearly improved prediction of therapeutic dose beyond that available with clinical parameters. Genetic information did not affect time in therapeutic target range during the first 14 days of therapy. Current management practices with the vagaries in dose adjustment after warfarin initiation exert a strong influence on traditional clinical outcomes.
Improved atomic data for Ho II and new holmium abundances for the sun and three metal-poor stars

Improved energy levels and hyperfine structure constants for a selected set of Ho ii levels were measured from spectra recorded Q1 using the 1 m Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) at the US National Solar Observatory. Branching fractions for the strong blue-UV lines from these levels were also measured from the FTS data and combined with earlier radiative lifetimes from time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence measurements to determine accurate absolute transition probabilities for 22 lines of Ho ii. These new laboratory measurements, along with a recently reported partition function for ionized Ho, were used to improve Ho abundance determinations in the Sun and three metal-poor Galactic halo giant stars. The derived solar photospheric holmium abundance, log 10 � ðHo Þ¼þ 0:51 � 0:10, is consistent with its meteoritic value, log 10 � ðHo Þ¼þ 0:49 � 0: 02. In each of the metal-poor, neutron-capture‐rich program stars, the holmium abundance relative to those of other rare earth elements agrees well with solar system rapid‐neutron-capture abundance values.
Race, Neighborhood Danger, and Coping Strategies Among Female Probationers and Parolees

Research suggests that individuals on probation and parole typically reside in impoverished neighborhoods affected by multiple forms of socioeconomic disadvantage. These neighborhoods are often ext...
Who's really in your top 8: network security in the age of social networking

Social engineering has been around for a long time, even at the college level. From the days when someone stood around a dormitory door waiting for someone else to open it, pretending to have forgotten his or her key, to today where virtually every college student has at least one online entity. Instant Messaging programs and Social Networking websites such as MySpace, Facebook, Ruckus, Friendster, LinkedIn, SecondLife, and even YouTube, encourage students to create online versions of themselves in an effort to share information and meet new people. While in theory this process may sound harmless, students are not only unwittingly allowing themselves to be targets of identity thieves, but they are also posing major security threats to university and college networks. In a recent class demonstration, it was shown how a simple homemade application can be launched unknowingly through Internet Explorer (IE) using Web2.0 to disable IE, even with security settings at a high level. If a simple homemade application can disable IE without the knowledge of the user, imagine what is being distributed through MySpace bulletins and comments. I intend to conduct interviews with security experts and surveys of college students, to show students they unknowingly open themselves, and their campus networks, to malicious attacks. With the proper security solutions in place at the network layer, along with much needed user education, the dangers posed by social engineering can be minimized.
Role of C/EBP‐β, p38 MAPK, and MKK6 in IL‐1β‐mediated C3 gene regulation in astrocytes

Complement component C3, the central player in the complement cascade and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β is expressed by activated glial cells and may contribute to neurodegeneration. This study examines the regulation of the expression of C3 by IL-1β in astroglial cells focusing on the role of the upstream kinase MKK6, p38-α MAPK, and C/EBP-β isoforms (LAP1, LAP2, or LIP) in astroglial cells. Activation of human astroglial cell line, U373 with IL-1β, led to the induction of C3 mRNA and protein expression as determined by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. This induction was suppressed by the pharmacological inhibitor of p38 MAPK (i.e., SB202190-HCl), suggesting the involvement of p38 MAPK in C3 gene expression. IL-1β also induced C3 promoter activity in U373 cells in a MAP kinase- and C/EBP-β-dependent manner. Cotransfection of C3 luciferase reporter construct with constitutively active form of the upstream kinase in the MAP kinase cascade, that is, MKK6 (the immediate upstream activator of p38 kinase) resulted in marked stimulation of the promoter activity, whereas overexpression of a dominant negative forms of MKK6 and p38α MAPK inhibited C3 promoter activity. Furthermore, a mutant form of C/EBP-β, LAP(T235A) showed reduction in IL-1β-mediated C3 promoter activation. These results suggest that the p38α, MAPK, and MKK6 play prominent roles in IL-1β and C/EBP-β-mediated C3 gene expression in astrocytes.
Identifying Autism in a Brief Observation

BACKGROUND: Pediatricians, neurologists, and geneticists are important sources for autism surveillance, screening, and referrals, but practical time constraints limit the clinical utility of behavioral observations. We analyzed behaviors under favorable conditions (ie, video of autism evaluations reviewed by experts) to determine what is optimally observable within 10-minute samples, asked for referral impressions, and compared these to formal screening and developmental testing results. METHODS: Participants ( n = 42, aged 15 to 33 months) were typically developing controls and children who screened positive during universal autism screening within a large community pediatric practice. Diagnostic evaluations were performed after screening to determine group status (autism, language delay, or typical). Licensed psychologists with toddler and autism expertise, unaware of diagnostic status, analyzed two 10-minute video samples of participants’ autism evaluations, measuring 5 behaviors: Responding, Initiating, Vocalizing, Play, and Response to Name. Raters were asked for autism referral impressions based solely on individual 10-minute observations. RESULTS: Children who had autism showed more typical behavior (89% of the time) than atypical behavior (11%) overall. Expert raters missed 39% of cases in the autism group as needing autism referrals based on brief but highly focused observations. Significant differences in cognitive and adaptive development existed among groups, with receptive language skills differentiating the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Brief clinical observations may not provide enough information about atypical behaviors to reliably detect autism risk. High prevalence of typical behaviors in brief samples may distort clinical impressions of atypical behaviors. Formal screening tools and general developmental testing provide critical data for accurate referrals.
Use of the Machine Metaphor Within Autism Research

Traditionally, metaphor has been viewed a literary trope standing in opposition to literal forms of writing in the natural and social sciences. In recent decades, however, a multi-disciplinary field of cognitive linguistic research has developed. This research finds metaphor at the heart of both everyday and scientific thinking. Metaphor is understood to be vital to the development of useful theories within the sciences. In this paper, the authors analyze the use of the machine metaphor in recent autism research, allowing for an interrogation of that research in terms of generativity and utility.
Multidimensional mapping techniques for convolution

It is shown that the Winograd approach, nesting algorithms, and multidimensional interpolation methods for circular convolution are conveniently described using similarity transforms and companion matrices. Using the notion of similarity, it is further shown that the one-dimensional to multidimensional mapping techniques employed by the nesting algorithms can be extended to some noncircular convolutions. This increases the flexibility in the design of algorithms which employ both the Chinese remainder theorem and the multidimensional techniques. The use of multidimensional mappings for noncircular convolutions in multidimensional interpolation methods is also described. >
Structural Confirmation of a Bent and Open Model for the Initiation Complex of T7 RNA Polymerase

T7 RNA polymerase is known to induce bending of its promoter DNA upon binding, as evidenced by gel-shift assays and by recent end-to-end fluorescence energy transfer distance measurements. Crystal structures of promoter-bound and initially transcribing complexes, however, lack downstream DNA, providing no information on the overall path of the DNA through the protein. Crystal structures of the elongation complex do include downstream DNA and provide valuable guidance in the design of models for the complete melted bubble structure at initiation. In the current study, we test a specific structural model for the initiation complex, obtained by alignment of the C-terminal regions of the protein structures from both initiation and elongation and then simple transferal of the downstream DNA from the elongation complex onto the initiation complex. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurement of distances from a point upstream on the promoter DNA to various points along the downstream helix reproduce the expected helical periodicity in the distances and support the model's orientation and phasing of the downstream DNA. The model also makes predictions about the extent of melting downstream of the active site. By monitoring fluorescent base analogues incorporated at various positions in the DNA, we have mapped the downstream edge of the bubble, confirming the model. The initially melted bubble, in the absence of substrate, encompasses 7-8 bases and is sufficient to allow synthesis of a three base transcript before further melting is required. The results demonstrate that despite massive changes in the N-terminal portion of the protein and in the DNA upstream of the active site, the DNA downstream of the active site is virtually identical in both initiation and elongation complexes.
A histochemical study of neuro-insular complexes in the pancreas of the rat.

Neuro-insular complexes (neural elements in juxtaposition to islet cells of the pancreas) were studied in Holtzman albino rats. Pancreases were stained by either the aldehyde-fuchsin-ponceau (A-F-P) or the acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) technique. The A-F-P stain gave good definition of islet structure. Although some nerve cell bodies were distinguishable with this stain, the AChE technique gave better definition of nerve cells, including interstitial cells of Cajal. In adult rats every islet examined had a nerve network. In newborns the nerve network was less apparent though some nerve elements were present. A nerve network typical of the adult was found in rats 48 hours after birth. Following insulin and glucose loading, variation in the localization of AChE was noted. It is suggested that neuro-insular complexes have a modulatory influence on release of hormones.
Differential contributions of dopaminergic D1- and D2-like receptors to cognitive function in rhesus monkeys.

Dopaminergic neurotransmission is critically involved in many aspects of complex behavior and cognition beyond reward/reinforcement and motor function. Mental and behavioral disorders associated with major disruptions of dopamine neurotransmission, including schizophrenia, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and substance abuse produce constellations of neuropsychological deficits in learning, memory, and attention in addition to other defining symptoms. To delineate the role dopaminergic D1- and D2-like receptor subtypes play in complex brain functions. Monkeys (N=6) were trained on cognitive tests adapted from a human neuropsychological assessment battery (CAmbridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery). The battery included tests of spatial working memory (self-ordered spatial search task), visuo-spatial associative memory and learning (visuo-spatial paired associates learning task, vsPAL) and motivation (progressive ratio task, PR). Tests of motor function (bimanual motor skill task, BMS; rotating turntable task, RTT) were also included. The effects of the dopamine D2-like antagonist raclopride (10–56 μg/kg, i.m.) and the D1-like antagonist SCH23390 (SCH, 3.2–56 μg/kg, i.m.) on cognitive performance were then determined. Deficits on PR, RTT, and BMS performance were observed after both raclopride and SCH23390. Spatial working memory accuracy was reduced to a greater extent by raclopride than by SCH, which was unexpected, given prior reports on the involvement of D1 signaling for spatial working memory in monkeys. Deficits were observed on vsPAL performance after raclopride, but not after SCH23390. The intriguing results suggest a greater contribution of D2- over D1-like receptors to both spatial working memory and object–location associative memory.
The Art and Science of Herbal Formulating

(2005). The Art and Science of Herbal Formulating. Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy: Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 107-117.
Integrating information literacy skills into academic summer programs for precollege students

Purpose – This paper aims to describe the library instructional program that has been developed at the Z. Smith Reynolds Library at Wake Forest University to teach information literacy skills to elementary and high school students attending academic summer programs.Design/methodology/approach – Historical development of the instructional program is discussed and analyzed. This paper reflects on the importance of students who participate in summer programs having access to library resources including an orientation to the library.Findings – The academic librarian is a prime player in reaching out to university staff responsible for coordinating summer enrichment programs on a college campus. The paper highlights the successes and lessons learned in coordinating instructional activities for elementary and high‐school students involved in summer camps and explores the benefits of these programs for students and librarians.Practical implications – Teaching elementary and high school students how to conduct re...
Culture as text: The development of an organizational narrative

An organization's culture is captured and understood as text. The use of grounded theory serves as a basis for an interpretative narrative that provides researchers with a method for presenting the everyday dramas members find important in organizations. The story‐form captures scenic elements, action, and characters. The narrative presented here acts as a means of displaying the cultural dialectic, cultural strain, and cultural sub‐texts.
Biodiversity and Pest Control Services

Pest control, a process that maintains nuisance organisms below economic thresholds, is a complex ecological process often mediated by biodiversity. Agricultural intensification results in widespread losses of biodiversity, with important implications for pest control. This article reviews how biological diversity at several levels of biological organization (e.g., crop genetic and species diversity, predator diversity, and multitrophic interactions) and distinct spatial scales (e.g., crop field, noncrop habitats, and landscape heterogeneity) affects biological pest control. Increases in biodiversity resulting from ecological or organic farming techniques can promote pest control within agricultural landscapes, but the effects of increased diversity are highly variable.
Measuring Religion in Different Spatial Contexts: How Surveys Involving Religion Inconsistently Determine Locations

As American spatial contexts change, particularly the suburbs with increasing racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic diversity and shifting political patterns within a range of unique suburban types and communities, an analysis of 89 surveys involving religion in the Association of Religion Data Archives shows a lack of consensus in how to measure locations. The 529 questions addressing suburban locations differ in three major ways: a majority allows respondents to self-report their location, leading to more respondents selecting small towns; there are a variety of response categories, often with options that are not mutually exclusive; and one result of the first two issues is that surveys provide different percentages regarding how many individuals and congregations reside in the suburbs. These issues are also present in large-scale studies of American religiosity including the National Congregations Study and the National Study of Youth and Religion. Improving the measurement of spatial context could include reaching consensus over standard questions and categories to use, assigning respondents to specific geographic locations which allows matching to other data (such as the Census), and including both self-reported and assigned locations in survey results.
Pain during office removal of K-wires from the elbow in children.

Background:Closed reduction and K-wire fixation is standard treatment for displaced supracondylar fractures in children. The purpose of this study is to evaluate pain using 2 pediatric pain scales when removing K-wires from the distal humerus in children in the office setting.Methods:A total of 98 p
The Significance of “Positive” Respiratory Cytology Determinations in a Series of 327 Patients

The authors reviewed all “positive” respiratory cytology diagnoses rendered over the past ten years at a medical center. Three hundred twenty-seven patients (with a total of 689 “positive” respiratory cytology determinations) were classified as having nonmalignant or malignant respiratory tract disease by using a unique system of explicit, reproducible verification criteria. Five patients with false-positive results (1.5%) and seven false-positive patient determinations (1.0%) were encountered. None of these were typed cytologically as small cell anaplastic carcinoma, and none were bronchial determinations. Overall patient typing accuracy was 72.2%; 75.2% of all sputum and 61.2% of all bronchial determinations were typed accurately. Our lowest typing accuracy (53.3%) was encountered in patients with poorly differentiated carcinoma. The findings from this study confirm the continued need for systematic analysis of respiratory cytology data from large groups of patients. Only then can cytopathologists hope to improve upon the clinical value of this diagnostic modality.
Zirconia–A Ceramic for Excess weapons Plutonium Wastes

The authors synthesized a ceramic containing simulated excess weapons plutonium waste in solid solution with zirconia (ZrO{sub 2}){sub ss}. ZrO{sub 2} has a large solubility for other metal oxides. More than twenty binary systems A{sub x}O{sub y}-ZrO{sub 2} have been reported in the literature, including PuO{sub 2}, rare earth elements, and oxides of metals contained in weapons plutonium wastes. The authors show that significant amounts of gadolinium (neutron absorber) and yttrium (stabilizer of the cubic modification) can be dissolved in ZrO{sub 2}, together with plutonium (simulated by Th{sup 4+}, Ce{sup 4+}, or U{sup 4+}) and impurities (e.g., Ca, Mg, Fe, Si). Sol-gel and powder methods were applied to make homogeneous, single phase zirconia solid solutions. Pu waste impurities were completely dissolved in the solid solutions. In contrast to other phases, e.g., zirconolite and pyrochlore, yttrium stabilized cubic zirconia does not undergo amorphization upon irradiation.
Four Luso-American Autobiographies: A Comparative View

In her essay "Portuguese Cultural Presence in the U.S.: The Problems of Definition," Maria A. Duarte sets forth a series of factors which help to elucidate why there has been such scant literary output by Luso-Americans. She then proposes that the "high culture" bias which treats this literature as a manifestation of a substandard culture must be overcome and new definitions, categories, and approaches derived if we are to determine what, in fact, constitutes Luso-American letters. Among possible areas of research, she includes the following:
STEM’s What, Why, and How? Ontology, Axiology, and Epistemology

In this chapter we use the philosophical concepts of ontology, axiology, and epistemology to understand STEM more completely. We first provide a brief orientation to the history of how these terms have been used in philosophical discourse; then we delve into an overview of these three categories with respect to each subarea of STEM, starting with mathematics and science. In each case we explain how they have historically been implemented in education, and philosophically how they have been utilized to critique and/or aid inquiry into each subcontent area. In conclusion, we refine the picture by addressing the axiology, epistemology, and ontology of STEM as a singular unit.
Risk of Malignant Neoplasm in Patients with Incident Rheumatoid Arthritis 1980–2007 in relation to a Comparator Cohort: A Population-Based Study

Objective. To determine whether the incidence of malignancy is increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to a matched comparison cohort and to identify risk for any individual malignancy in RA. Methods. A cohort of 813 Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents who first fulfilled 1987 ACR criteria for RA in 1980-2007 was previously identified by medical record review. Medical records of 813 RA cases and a comparison cohort of age and sex matched Olmsted County residents without RA were evaluated retrospectively for cancer occurrence. Patients in both cohorts were followed until death, migration from Olmsted County, or 12/31/2014. Results. The RA and non-RA cohorts (mean age at incidence/index date: 55.9 [SD: 15.7] years; 68.4% females in both cohorts) were followed on average of 14.1 (SD: 7.7) and 14.9 (SD: 8.1) years, respectively. Prior to RA incidence/index date, 52 RA patients and 66 non-RA subjects had malignancies excluding NMSC (p = 0.21). During follow-up, significantly more malignancies occurred in patients with RA (n = 143) than in comparator subjects (n = 118; hazard ratio: 1.32; p = 0.027). Inclusion of NMSC obviated this difference. Conclusion. After excluding NMSC, there was a small to moderately increased risk of malignancies in patients with RA. Cancer surveillance is imperative in all patients with RA.
Missed metric moment

On 17 January 1794 a French doctor and botanist named Joseph Dombey stepped aboard the Soon, a brig departing from Le Havre for Philadelphia.
The surprising effect of temperature on the weathering of gasoline

Abstract During the identification of ignitable liquid residues in fire debris, it is well known that evaporative losses result in a general increase in the abundance of non-volatile residues relative to volatile residues. However, previous work has provided an incomplete understanding of weathering such that we cannot adequately relate weathered residues to un-weathered pristine samples. Here, we studied various factors that influence the relative abundance of weathered residues. Real gasoline samples were weathered to varying extents, at different temperatures, and under conditions of a vacuum or a nitrogen stream. Analysis of the liquid residues was performed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS), which showed that, as expected, the extent of weathering has the largest effect on the abundance of different residues. However, the results also showed that at a constant extent of weathering, the earliest eluting compounds—like toluene and the C2-alkyl benzenes—tend to remain at significantly higher levels (α Experimental weathering and mathematical simulations were also performed on a simpler seven-component mixture. Weathering simulations closely follow the experimental data below 100 °C, even up to 95% weathering. The model was extrapolated to significantly elevated temperatures, which showed that heavily weathered (95%) gasoline at high temperature (500 °C) would be almost indistinguishable from a liquid that is weathered to a lesser extent (70%) at room temperature. These results provide an alternative or additional explanation for why gasoline recovered from arson scenes does not appear to be as weathered as one would expect.
Intraoperative aneurysm rupture and complication avoidance

The unexpected rupture of an intracranial aneurysm is a potentially catastrophic event. Strategies to control intraoperative aneurysm hemorrhage are based on sound surgical principles and take into consideration such variables as the timing, location, and severity of the rupture. Proven, successful techniques to prevent or control complications during aneurysm surgery are discussed in this article.
Distributed Markov Chain Monte Carlo for Bayesian Hierarchical Models

This article proposes a distributed Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm for estimating Bayesian hierarchical models when the number of cross-sectional units is very large and the objects of interest are the unit-level parameters. The two-stage algorithm is asymptotically exact, retains the flexibility of a standard MCMC algorithm, and is easy to implement. The algorithm constructs an estimator of the posterior predictive distribution of the unit-level parameters in the first stage, and uses the estimator as the prior distribution in the second stage for the unit-level draws. Both stages are embarrassingly parallel. The algorithm is demonstrated with simulated data from a hierarchical logit model and is shown to be faster and more efficient (in effective sample size generated per unit of computing) than a single machine algorithm by at least an order of magnitude. For a relatively small number of observations per cross-sectional unit, the algorithm is both faster and has better mixing properties than the standard hybrid Gibbs sampler. We illustrate our approach with data on 1,100,000 donors to a charitable organization, and simulations with up to 100 million units.