cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Class Politics, American-Style

Jacob S. Hacker and Paul Pierson's Winner-Take-All Politics: How Washington Made the Rich Richer—And Turned Its Back on the Middle Class is both a work of political science and a contribution to broad public discussion of distributive politics. Its topic could not be more relevant to a US polity wracked by bitter partisan disagreements about taxes, social spending, financial regulation, social insecurity, and inequality. The political power of “the rich” is a theme of widespread public attention. The headline on the cover of the January–February 2011 issue of The American Interest —“Inequality and Democracy: Are Plutocrats Drowning Our Republic?”—is indicative. Francis Fukuyama's lead essay, entitled “Left Out,” clarifies that by “plutocracy,” the journal means “not just rule by the rich, but rule by and for the rich. We mean, in other words, a state of affairs in which the rich influence government in such a way as to protect and expand their own wealth and influence, often at the expense of others.” Fukuyama makes clear that he believes that this state of affairs obtains in the United States today. Readers of Perspectives on Politics will know that the topic has garnered increasing attention from political scientists in general and in our journal in particular. In March 2009, we featured a symposium on Larry Bartels's Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of the New Gilded Age . And in December 2009, our lead article, by Jeffrey A. Winters and Benjamin I. Page, starkly posed the question “Oligarchy in the United States?” and answered it with an equally stark “yes.” Winner-Take-All Politics thus engages a broader scholarly discussion within US political science, at the same time that it both draws upon and echoes many “classic themes” of US political science from the work of Charles Beard and E. E. Schattschneider to Ted Lowi and Charles Lindblom. In this symposium, we have brought together a group of important scholars and commentators who offer a range of perspectives on the book and on the broader themes it engages. While most of our discussants are specialists on “American politics,” we have also sought out scholars beyond this subfield. Our charge to the discussants is to evaluate the book's central claims and evidence, with a focus on three related questions: 1) How compelling is its analysis of the “how” and “why” of recent US public policy and its “turn” in favor of “the rich” and against “the middle class”? 2) How compelling is its critique of the subfield of “American politics” for its focus on the voter–politician linkage and on “politics as spectacle” at the expense of an analysis of “politics as organized combat”? 3) And do you agree with its argument that recent changes in US politics necessitate a different, more comparative, and more political economy–centered approach to the study of US politics?—Jeffrey C. Isaac, Editor
Rate of acetic acid production in the rumen determined by isotope dilution.

SummaryIt has been found by the technic of isotope dilution using acetate-1-C14 that the normal sheep on an all-hay ration produced acetic acid in its rumen by bacterial synthesis at the rate of 0....
Broadband volume holographic imaging

We demonstrate transmission geometry volume holograms working under broadband illumination. We show that increased illumination bandwidth enhances the lateral field of view of planar reference holograms. We exploit this phenomenon to design volume holographic spectrum analyzers and present results from an experimental prototype. Furthermore, we show that there is a trade-off involved, because an improvement in the field of view results in a reduction of image contrast as a function of depth. We experimentally demonstrate this trade-off and discuss possible ways to overcome it.
Synthesis, characterization, and viscoelastic behavior of single‐phase interpenetrating polystyrene networks

Single phase interpenetrating polystyrene networks were synthesized using a room temperature photopolymerization method. Divinylbenzene was used for crosslinking both networks in most cases; a few IPNs were prepared using acrylic acid anhydride to provide labile crosslinkages in the primary network. The IPNs were characterized by means of equilibrium swelling in toluene. The results of these experiments closely approached the predictions of a swelling equation derived under the assumption that the two networks were elastically independent. Deviations from the swelling equation predictions could be explained in terms of contributions from internetwork entanglements. Small amplitude dynamic mechanical measurements indicated that the presence of the small amount (∼10 percent) of tight primary network chains had no perceptible effect on the linear viscoelastic properties.
Cyclic-AMP and Pseudosubstrate Effects on Type-I A-Kinase Regulatory and Catalytic Subunit Binding Kinetics†

To better understand the molecular mechanism of cAMP-induced and substrate-enhanced activation of type-I A-kinase, we measured the kinetics of A-kinase regulatory subunit interactions using a stopped-flow spectrofluorometric method. Specifically, we conjugated fluorescein maleimide (FM) to two separate single cysteine-substituted and truncated mutants of the type I R regulatory subunit of A-kinase, RIR (91-244). One site of cysteine substitution and conjugation was at R92 and the other at R239. Although the emission from both conjugates changed with catalytic subunit binding, only the FM-R92C conjugate yielded unambiguous results in the presence of cAMP and was therefore used to assess whether a pseudosubstrate perturbed the rate of holoenzyme dissociation. We found that cAMP selectively accelerates the rate of dissociation of the RIR (91-244):C-subunit complex 700-fold, resulting in an equilibrium dissociation constant of 130 nM. Furthermore, excess amounts of the pseudosubstrate inhibitor, PKI(5- 24), had no effect on the rate of RIR (91-244):C-subunit complex dissociation. The results indicate that the limited ability of cAMP to induce holoenzyme dissociation reflects a greatly reduced but still significant regulatory catalytic subunit affinity in the presence of cAMP. Moreover, the ability of the substrate to facilitate cAMP-induced dissociation results from the mass action effect of excess substrate and not from direct substrate binding to holoenzyme.
Laparoscopic Gastric Banding Without Visible Scar: a Short Series with Intraumbilical SILS

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery has been developed with the aims of further reducing the invasiveness of traditional laparoscopy. The technique of lap-band placement from a single intraumbilical incision is described. Three patients underwent a single-incision laparoscopic surgery gastric banding (SILS-GB) for morbid obesity from May to September 2008. All interventions were uneventful and patients were discharged on first postoperative day, after an upper gastrointestinal series. SILS-GB is virtually scarless intervention and may be performed as a day-surgery procedure for the treatment of morbid obesity.
A Lightweight Block Cipher Based on a Multiple Recursive Generator

In this paper, we propose to use a Multiple Recursive Generator (MRG) to generate sequences of numbers with very long periods, i.e., pseudo-random sequences. The MRG effectively constructs a block cipher which satisfies important quality requirements such as security, long period, randomness, and efficiency. The proposed cipher is a light weight cipher, which is very useful for resource limited resources such as sensor nodes in sensor networks, RFID tags, etc.
To Vaccinate or Not: Parents Decide

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States, with a lifetime prevalence of 80%. Patients with low-risk HPV may develop genital warts; however, high-risk HPV types 16 and 18 cause 70% of cervical cancer cases. The recent introduction of a vaccine against HPV has been an exciting development in disease prevention, yet use of this vaccine remains suboptimal. Despite the availability of two prophylactic HPV vaccines, only 18% of girls between the ages of 9 and 26 years have completed the three-dose series. Because parents are responsible for vaccination decisions for the majority of girls in the targeted HPV vaccination population, the recent cross-sectional study reported by Allen et al. investigated behavioral predictors that influence the decision, among parents, of whether or not to vaccinate eligible girls. To evaluate parent decision-making, the investigators surveyed knowledge of HPV and vaccines in general, attitudes specific to the HPV vaccine, and social influence on use of an HPV vaccine. The survey targeted White, Black, and Hispanic households with a broad range of household incomes, education levels, and insurance statuses. A significant difference in awareness of HPV and the HPV vaccine was seen across race: 25% of White parents, 48% of Black parents, and 39% of Hispanic parents were unaware of the existence of the HPV vaccine. Despite this lack of awareness, equivalent proportions (10 to 15%) of eligible females in all race/ethnicity categories were vaccinated. Moreover, up to 25% of all parents surveyed had decided against vaccination. Multivariate analysis revealed variables that appeared important in the decision to vaccinate or not to vaccinate, including knowledge of HPV, attitudes regarding vaccination in general, concern of potential side effects, social influence, and barriers such as cost, concerns about the vaccine’s effect on sexual behavior, and trust in the pharmaceutical industry. In summary, despite the advent of two new vaccines targeting HPV, a significant proportion of parents have decided against the vaccine. Further efforts to increase awareness of HPV and its effect on health outcome, with a special emphasis on the Black and Hispanic subpopulations that have the greatest disease burden, are required to improve the incidence of HPV vaccination among eligible girls. J. D. Allen et al ., Parental decision making about the HPV vaccine. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers. Prev. 19 , 2187–2198 (2010). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/19/9/2187.abstract
Partisanship, Structure, and Representation: The Puzzle of African American Education Politics

The 1982 amendments to the Voting Rights Act targeted electoral structures as significant determinants of minority representation. The research regarding electoral structures and representation of constituents, however, has produced conflicting results, and the continued application of some of the provisions set forth in the Voting Rights Act is in doubt. This article addresses the impact of at-large elections on African American representation and reveals a striking and unanticipated finding: African Americans are now overrepresented on school boards that have at-large elections when African Americans are a minority of the population. Using the 1,800 largest school districts in the United States (based on original surveys conducted in 2001, 2004, and 2008), we find that partisanship changes the relationship between electoral structures and race to benefit African American representation.
Spatial and Temporal Variability in Atka Mackerel Female Maturity at Length and Age

Abstract Spatial and temporal variability in maturity at length and maturity at age was examined for female Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius in the eastern and central Aleutian Islands of Alaska. Postovulatory follicles (POFs) were evaluated as a potential character to distinguish spent mature fish from immature fish. We estimated that POFs remain in the ovaries for approximately 1 month after spawning, therefore allowing us to include some collections of recently spent fish for maturity estimates. Maturity-at-length data varied significantly among geographic areas and years, whereas maturity-at-age data failed to indicate differences. These results are probably attributable to different growth rates between the areas. An age-based model was developed to account for differences in year-class strengths, and modeling results showed that length at maturity could vary by as much as 4 cm over time because of variable recruitment. Maturity in Atka mackerel seems to be determined more by age than by som...
PITYROSPORUM PACHYDERMATIS IN A BLACK BEAR (URSUS AMERICANUS)

Pityrosporum pachydermatis was repeatedly isolated from portions of alopecic tissue from the thorax and ears of a black bear cub (Ursus americanus). Yeastlike cells morphologically identical with those of P. pachydermatis were observed in stained tissue sections. This is the first reported association of this yeast with a member of the family Ursidae.
Targeting and the Humorous Episode in Group Process

The present experiment concerned an evaluation of the number, nature, and pattern of targeted and nontargeted humorous remarks produced by individuals in six different group settings. Results indicated that humorous targeting occurred in about two-thirds of the cases except for short-term problem-solving groups where only 36%l'o of humorous remarks were directed. For all six groups, however, the ratio of appreciative to deprecating targeted remarks was about 2:1 or 3:1. Humorous remarks often occurred in episodes of from two to five remarks, with enduring groups producing more and longer episodes. Single item and more extended episodes contained a greater number of appreciative and neutral remarks while episodes of intermediate length contained more deprecating remarks. For groups in which cross-person targeting was evaluated, there was a reasonably strong correlation between targeting and being targeted by others. Present results were interpreted to suggest that the meaning and function of a humorous eve...
Utilizing the UMLS for Semantic Mapping between Terminologies

An algorithm was derived to find candidate mappings between any two terminologies inside the UMLS, making use of synonymy, explicit mapping relations and hierarchical relationships among UMLS concepts. Using an existing set of mappings from SNOMED CT to ICD9CM as our gold standard, we managed to find candidate mappings for 86% of SNOMED CT terms, with recall of 42% and precision of 20%. Among the various methods used, mapping by UMLS synonymy was particularly accurate and could potentially be useful as a quality assurance tool in the creation of mapping sets or in the UMLS editing process. Other strengths and weaknesses of the algorithm are discussed.
Synthesis and characterization of a novel copper(II)-silver(I) mixed-metal coordination polymer : Ag[Cu(2-pyrazinecarboxylate)2](H2O)(NO3)

The first example of a Cu(II)Ag(I) mixed-metal coordination polymer, Ag[Cu(2-pyrazinecarboxylate)2](H2O)(NO3 )( 3), has been prepared via hydrothermal reaction of Cu(II)(2-pyrazinecarboxylate)2 (1) or Cu(II)(2-pyrazinecarboxylate)2(H2O)2
Phonology in syntax

In the present study I am adducing arguments against the assumption that there is a discrete level of grammar where all syntactic operation has stopped and the assignment of phonetic values to the then existing structure (the output of transformations) begins.The concept of ‘surface structure’ has received the following definitions in Chomsky's various works: ‘a proper bracketing of the linear, temporarily given sequence of elements, with the paired brackets labelled by category names (that is a labelled tree diagram, with such categories as Sentence, Noun Phrase, Verb Phrase, Noun, and a small number of others serving as labels)' (Chomsky, 1966: 21), ‘the organization into categories and phrases that is directly associated with the physical signal’ (Chomsky, 1968:25). These definitions take the physical event of speech as a starting point, and refer to the organization of the sentence on this level (cf. Chomsky, 1965a: 15). One finds, on the other hand, that in the Chomskyan system ‘surface structure’ is also defined in terms of derivation, as the last item in a finite sequence of phrase-markers, the output of the transformations (Chomsky, 1970: 53 f., 87), and such surface structures ‘are mapped into phonetic representations by the phonological rules’ (ibid.: 54) and are assigned intonational contours by rules of phonological interpretation (ibid.: 77). This is summed up in the formula ‘phonology: Pn→phonetic representation’ (ibid.: 87, where Pn is the surface structure, the last phrase-marker).
Estrogen and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in critical illness: From bench to bedside

For>100 years, researchers and medical professionals have been aware of a gender difference in immune responsiveness following insults like trauma, shock, burn or sepsis. Strong experimental evidence indicates that female animals are protected under such conditions compared to their male counterparts. 17β-estradiol (estrogen) is reported to be responsible for those protective effects as studies have shown that estrogen administration plays a major role in the restoration and maintenance of cellular and organ function following injury. Numerous experimental studies have also shown a variety of salutary effects of estrogen under low-flow conditions; however, clinical studies are rare and observational studies are inconclusive, even though a trend towards an advantage for females has been shown. Nonetheless, further clinical studies are needed as estrogen administration is simple and a single-dose administration of this hormone is not expected to produce any adverse effects. Thus, treatment of traumatized pa...
Mini-threads: increasing TLP on small-scale SMT processors

Several manufacturers have recently announced the first simultaneous-multithreaded processors, both as single CPU and as components of multi-CPU chips. All are small scale, comprising only two to four thread contexts. A significant impediment to the construction of larger-scale SMT is the register file size required by a large number of contexts. This paper introduces and evaluates mini-threads, a simple extension to SMT that increases thread-level parallelism without the commensurate increase in register file size. A mini-threaded SMT CPU adds additional per-thread state to each hardware context; an application executing in a context can create mini-threads that will utilize its own per-thread state, but share the context's architectural register set. The resulting performance will depend on the benefits of additional TLP compared to the costs of executing mini-threads with fewer registers. Our results quantify these factors in detail and demonstrate that mini-threads can improve performance significantly, particularly on small-scale, space-sensitive CPU designs.
On Baum's Public Claim That He Has No Significant Private Events.

Baum (2011) grudgingly concedes that Skinner got a few things about private events right but represents Skinner's account of them as “a misguided effort to render behaviorism acceptable to laypeople by suggesting that they offer an account of mental life” (p. 186). Baum eschews attempts to analyze or interpret the histories leading to private talk, arguing that, viewed on a molar scale, such details become irrelevant. His opinion is that molar accounts of behavior are all we need to know; we should ignore the private parts.
Methamphetamine Use, Personality Traits, and High-Risk Behaviors

This study explored the relationships among methamphetamine use and violent behavior, methamphetamine use and risky sexual conduct, as well as the role of personality traits as moderating variables. The sample was comprised of 339 respondents, aged 16–30 years old and included comparison groups of alcohol only users, methamphetamine users, and non-substance users. The results indicated that during the 6 months prior to data collection, individuals who used alcohol or methamphetamines were more likely to be involved in violence and high-risk sex than non-substance users. Perhaps most important, methamphetamine users were more likely to be involved in assault and unprotected sex than alcohol-only users. In addition, the results suggest that personality trait differences, specifically volatile temper, accounted for the overwhelming majority of explained variance in the prevalence of assault. In fact, when controlling for personality traits, substance use ceased to be a significant predictor of the prevalence of assault. While volatile temper was the key predictor of the prevalence of violence, it was not associated significantly with the co-occurrence of substance use and violence. However, the co-occurrence of substance use and assault was significantly greater for respondents who used methamphetamines as compared to alcohol-only users. With regard to risky sexual behavior, the findings indicate that substance use, alcohol-only, and methamphetamines heightened the risk for unprotected sexual intercourse even when controlling for demographics and personality traits.
H ∞ control design for systems with structured parameter uncertainty

In a recent paper a unification of the H 2 (LQG) and H~ control-design problems was obtained in terms of modified algebraic Riccati equations. In the present paper these results are extended to guarantee robust H 2 and Hoo performance in the presence of structured real-valued parameter variations (AA, AB, AC) in the state space model. For design flexibility the paper considers two distinct types of uncertainty bounds for both full- and reduced-order dynamic compensation. An important special case of these results generates H2/Hoo controller designs with guaranteed gain margins.
International Adoption: Joys, Challenges, and Infectious Diseases

Since 1987, >316,000 children have been adopted from other countries by American parents [1]. Worldwide, -40,000 children annually cross borders to join new families via international adoption. Along with many joys and challenges, these children also bring the risk of communicable diseases to their new families and communities. Some of these risks are well documented; others are less well known. For example, a child adopted from the Marshall Islands was the source case for an outbreak of tuberculosis in North Dakota that affected 56 people, including 3 of the child's 4 household members, 16 of his 24 classroom contacts, 10 of 32 school-bus riders, and 9 of 61 day-care contacts [2]. The index patient, the child's adoptive mother, presented with multifocal tuberculous osteomyelitis. Although a tine test had been placed on the child at the time of arrival, apparently it was not read, and he was not obviously ill. A total of 118 people in the town received preventive therapy, including 56 young children who wer tr ated for at least 12 weeks, until skin test results became negative. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may also be spread by international adoptees. Several serosurveys performed before the availability of hepatitis B vaccine clearly demonstrate intraand extra-familial
Primary adenocarcinoma of pigmented ciliary epithelium in a phthisical eye

We report a case of adenocarcinoma of the pigmented ciliary epithelium arising in a phthisical eye. A 92-year-old man who initially presented with severe ocular pain had calcification extending from the posterior pole to ciliary body on B-scan ultrasonography to a degree not previously reported. We highlight the importance of screening for intraocular neoplasms in adults with a long-standing phthisical eye.
Efficiency and capacity of protein synthesis are increased in pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy.

We measured the rate of protein synthesis and total RNA content in the right ventricle (RV) at day 2 and day 4 after pulmonary artery constriction to determine the contributions of changes in capacity and efficiency of in vivo protein synthesis to pressure overload (PO) cardiac hypertrophy. A significant increase in the proportion of RV weight to total heart weight was observed at day 2 and day 4 when compared with untreated controls. The rate of protein synthesis was significantly higher at day 2 post-PO (0.31 +/- 0.06 day-1 or 30 +/- 5 mg.g RV-1.day-1, means +/- SD, P less than 0.05) as well as at day 4 (0.25 +/- 0.05 day-1 or 28 +/- 9 mg.g RV-1.day-1, P less than 0.05) than for untreated rabbits (0.15 +/- 0.03 day-1 or 17 +/- 4 mg.g RV-1.day-1). RNA content was significantly higher at day 2 (1.47 +/- 0.17 mg/g RV, P less than 0.05) than in controls (1.16 +/- 0.14 mg/g RV), whereas there was a slight but nonsignificant increase at day 4 (1.36 +/- 0.21 mg/g RV, P less than 0.1). The efficiency of protein synthesis (synthesis/RNA) per gram RV was significantly increased both at day 2 (20.5 +/- 2.2 g protein.g RNA-1.day-1, P less than 0.05) and day 4 (19.8 +/- 3.5 g protein.g RNA-1.day-1, P less than 0.05) compared with control (14.6 +/- 2.3 g protein.g RNA-1.day-1). The increase in efficiency appeared to be caused by pressure overload itself based on a comparison of 0-4 day data vs. data obtained from sham animals (P less than 0.05).
Longitudinal Follow-up of Malignant Osteopetrosis by Skeletal Radiographs and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis After Bone Marrow Transplantation

Infantile malignant osteopetrosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by presentation in the first months of life with manifestations related to an underlying defect in osteoclast function. Abnormal osteoclast activity paired with normal bone formation by osteoblasts leads to development of densely sclerotic fragile bones. Encroachment on the marrow cavities by hyperostotic bone results in profound anemia and thrombocytopenia, with extramedullary ullary hematopoiesis and hypersplenism. Deficits in immune function can lead to presentation with overwhelming sepsis in the newborn period. Narrowing of the optic and auditory foramina can lead to progressive blindness and hearing loss. Until recently, the prognosis for this disorder had been uniformly dismal with death usually occurring within a few months.l-3
Domestic Bureaucracies and the International Trade Regime: The Law and Economics of Administrative Law and Administratively Imposed Trade Barriers

This paper explores the economics of administrative law for administratively-imposed barriers to trade. Theory and data from OECD countries suggest that administrative procedure's most significant impact on trade-relevant outcomes lies in changing the cost of access to information about administrative decisionmaking. Procedures lowering the cost of access shift power over policymaking from more organized to less organized private interests. Consumer interests in states with private rights to government-held information, public notice and comment, and similar mechanisms therefore have greater influence over trade policy, and these states have lower barriers to imports. Empirical evidence suggests that "adequate consideration" and other doctrines relying on administrative officials to change their positions in the face of additional evidence do not change policy outcomes. Producer interests in states with administrative law limited to these mechanisms therefore have greater power over trade policy, and these states have greater barriers to imports.
Recent advances in silicon photonic integrated circuits

We review recent breakthroughs in silicon photonics technology and components and describe progress in silicon photonic integrated circuits. Heterogeneous silicon photonics has recently demonstrated performance that significantly outperforms native III-V components. The impact active silicon photonic integrated circuits could have on interconnects, telecommunications, sensors and silicon electronics is reviewed.
Psychopathic personality traits predict positive attitudes toward sexually predatory behaviors in college men and women

Abstract Psychopathic personality traits are associated with a wide range of sexually manipulative and coercive behaviors. These associations have been studied mainly in male samples. The current study assessed the association between psychopathy and a measure of attitudes toward sexually predatory behavior in both college men and women. The measure of attitudes toward sexually predatory behavior comprises vignettes describing protagonists engaging in various sexually coercive tactics. Men and women who were higher in self-centered impulsivity rated the behaviors described in the vignettes as more acceptable. Men rated these behaviors as more acceptable than women did. There were also interactions between gender and self-centered impulsivity, gender and fearless dominance, and gender and coldheartedness. Although self-centered impulsivity was a predictor of positive attitudes toward predatory sexual behavior for women, it was a stronger predictor for men. Fearless dominance and coldheartedness were significant predictors for men, but not for women.
A Proof of Dilworth's Chain Decomposition Theorem

(1994). A Proof of Dilworth's Chain Decomposition Theorem. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 101, No. 4, pp. 352-353.
From Reproductive Rights to Responsibilization: Fashioning Liberal Subjects in Mexico City's New Public Sector Abortion Program

Building on medical anthropology literature that analyzes doctor-patient interactions as a charged site for the production of political subjectivities, I demonstrate how a central feature of Mexico City's new public sector abortion program involves "responsibilization." In accordance with entrenched Ministry of Health objectives, providers transmit a suite of values about personal responsibility and self-regulation through the use of birth control, hinging abortion rights to responsible reproductive subjectivity. Based on 18 months of ethnographic research across program clinics, including 75 interviews with patients and providers, I show how interrupcion legal del embarazo protocols fashion "responsibilized" liberal subjects. I argue that the recent granting of abortion rights in Mexico City-ostensibly a new moment for the construction of women's citizenship-instead reflects and extends long-standing state agendas of "reproductive governance." My analysis of reproductive rights as the newest framing of ongoing population policies in Mexico adds to a critical anthropology of human rights and of liberal projects of governance.
Abstract 1652: P16INK4a over-expression sensitizes HPV(-) HNSCC to radiation through down-regulation of USP7

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumorigenesis induced by human papillomavirus (HPV) shows a greater clinical response to radiation therapy when compared to HPV negative patients. The underlying mechanism for this more favorable outcome is unknown, but the presumption is that DNA repair response must play a large role. P16INK4a is a known surrogate marker for HPV positivity; however the relationship between radiation sensitivity and P16INK4a has not been completely elucidated in this context. Ubiquitin specific protease 7 (USP7), also known as HAUSP, is a deubiquitylating enzyme that cleaves ubiquitin from substrates to stabilize target proteins. USP7 overexpression is a predictor of poor prognosis in lung carcinomas and correlates with disease progression and lower survival in gliomas. More recent studies have shown USP7 has a role in the stability of DNA damage response proteins such as RNF168, BRCA1 and Chk1; and USP7 knockdown has been shown to radio-sensitize breast cancer cells to radiation. We have investigated the possible role of USP7 in the radio-response of HNSCC cells in the context of HPV status. Methods: Four HPV(+) and four HPV(-) HNSCC were chosen for this study. The radio-response was determined by clonogenic survival assay. P16INK4a overexpression was generated using lentivirus. Western blot analysis was used for visualizing protein expression. The Cancer Genome Atlas was interrogated to examine the relationship between USP7 and clinical outcome. Results: Our data suggest P16INK4a negatively regulates USP7 and leads to the more radiosensitive phenotype associated with HPV(+)HNSCC. Radio-resistant HPV(-) HNSCC cell lines show higher levels of USP7 than HPV(+) lines and over-expression of P16INK4a in HPV(-) HN5 cells leads to down-regulation of USP7 and radio-sensitization. Conversely, P16INK4a siRNA knockdown in HPV(+) UMSCC-47 shows an increase of USP7 protein expression and radio-resistance. P22077, an inhibitor of USP7 activity, was also shown to radiosensitize a HPV(-) cell line. This shows proof of principle that inhibiting USP7 can be a viable approach to sensitizing HPV(-) HNSCC to radiation. USP7 overexpression was also associated with poorer overall survival in HNSCC. Conclusion: These results suggest that USP7 may be a marker of clinical radioresistance in HNSCC and that its inhibition has the potential to improve the treatment outcome of patients with HPV(-) HNSCC when combined with radiotherapy. Citation Format: David Molkentine, Li Wang, Kathleen Bridges, Kathy Mason, Raymond Meyn, Heath D. Skinner. P16INK4a over-expression sensitizes HPV(-) HNSCC to radiation through down-regulation of USP7. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1652.
Uncertainties in the Standard Moments, the Derivation of the Y1 to Y8 parameters, and the Derivation of w_1 to w_8 for Feynman Histograms

Momentum is a neutron multiplicity analysis software package that calculates a variety of parameters associated with Feynman histograms. While most of these parameters are documented in Cifarelli and Smith-Nelson, there are some parameters which are not. Most prominent of these are the uncertainties in the standard moments, and this paper will explicitly document these parameters. This paper will also document the higher-order Yn parameters and their associated ωn functions because they may be useful for future applications. The generation of what is referred to as Feynman histograms is not explained here.
60GHz-band low noise amplifier and power amplifier using InGaP/GaAs HBT technology

In this paper, we present a 60 GHz-band low noise amplifier (LNA) and a 60 GHz-band power amplifier (PA) utilizing high performance InGaP/GaAs HBTs. The InGaP/GaAs HBTs feature a highly doped base layer, a self-aligned base contact and an undercut collector mesa structure in order to achieved low noise and high gain in the millimete-wave band. By adjusting the collector current of each HBT in the LNA to the optimum value a noise figure as low as 5.8 dB with a gain of more than 25 dB was obtained. The PA exhibited a linear gain of more than 15 dB with P1dB of 13 dBm in the 60 GHz-band.
Prediction of binary phase behavior for supercritical carbon dioxide + 1-pentanol, 2-pentanone, 1-octene or ethylbenzene via molecular simulation

Abstract Pressure-composition phase diagrams were determined for binary systems of CO 2 + 1-pentanol, CO 2 + 2-pentanone, CO 2 + 1-octene, and CO 2 + ethylbenzene at 308.15, 328.15, and 348.15 K. Monte Carlo molecular simulations in the Gibbs ensemble allowed coexistence compositions to be determined as a function of pressure. Good agreement to experimental data is achieved and is improved upon consideration of the 2 K over prediction of the pure CO 2 critical temperature. The solvation structure with CO 2 is also examined.
Transient Ischemic Attack and Ischemic Stroke in Danon Disease with Formation of Left Ventricular Apical Thrombus despite Normal Systolic Function

Danon disease is a rare X-linked dominant skeletal and cardiac muscle disorder presenting with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome, skeletal myopathy, and mild intellectual disability. Early morbidity and mortality due to heart failure or sudden death are known in Danon disease, more in males than in females. Here, we present a 17-year-old female adolescent with Danon disease and severe concentric hypertrophy with normal left ventricular (LV) systolic function, who has been complaining of intermittent headache and weakness for about 3 years, initially diagnosed with hemiplegic migraine. Subsequently, her neurological manifestation progressed to transient ischemic attack (TIA) and eventually to ischemic stroke confirmed by CT scan with 1-day history of expressive aphasia followed by persistent left side weakness and numbness. Detailed echocardiogram for the first time revealed a small LV apical thrombus with unchanged severe biventricular hypertrophy and normal systolic function. This unexpected LV apical thrombus may be associated with a wide spectrum of neurological deficits ranging from TIA to ischemic stroke in Danon disease. Possibility of cerebral ischemic events should be suspected in Danon disease when presenting with neurological deficits even with normal systolic function. Careful assessment for LV apical thrombus is warranted in such cases.
Single and dual-polarized wideband simultaneous transmit and receive antenna system

A shared antenna aperture for simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) operating from 0.5 to 45GHz with isolation >50dB over the entire band is discussed. The proposed system utilizes four distinct band breaks: 0.5–2.5GHz, 2–7GHz, 619GHz, and 18–45GHz. The transmitting and receiving apertures of each band are designed, fabricated, and integrated on 46cm×46cm ground plane. A monostatic STAR system based on a lens-loaded cavity-backed four-arm spiral antenna is used to cover 0.5–2.5GHz band requirements. Other bands have dual-polarization capability and rely on physically displaced TX and RX antennas, engineered antenna patterns, and implementation of high impedance surfaces (i.e. bed of nails) to achieve desired isolation level. A dual-polarized Vivaldi array recessed in a cavity and quad-ridge horns are employed for the 2–7GHz and 6–45GHz bands; respectively.
Analytics and Simulation for Decision Support: Good Results Achieved by Teaming the Two

Analytic methods are used to create mission information from raw intelligence data from multiple sources that are collected to support end-user decisions. For example, sensor data from intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) sensors provide human, open-source, electronic, and signal intelligence about targets of interest. However, missions spanning large operating environments may require diverse analytic methods that produce varying results, thus complicating the decision process and placing the burden of interpretation on the end user, such as a military commander. Coupling analytics with simulations helps to normalize analytic results by creating a repeatable approach through which a variety of data may be processed and interpreted for decision support. In particular, discrete event simulation (DES) is a proven methodology that enables the effective combination of modeling and analytics to create repeatable processes for many applications, ranging from aeronautics to health care to transportation.
Shoot/No-Shoot Decisions in the Context of IED-Detection Training and Eyewitness Memory for Persons

Cognitive approaches to training for the detection of improvised explosive devices (IED’s) are of increasing importance. However, there is a question as to the degree to which such training might interfere with other important law enforcement (LE) functions in the field, and the degree to which such training might enhance other important cognitive/perceptual functions. A promising cognitive approach to IED training, the SMOKE system, was provided to respondents, who then responded to shoot/no-shoot decisions, important LE situations of increasing relevance. It was shown that SMOKE training did not interfere with shoot/no-shoot decisions. However, those with SMOKE training performed better than control respondents on eyewitness memory for the perpetrator of a given crime in field-valid scenes. This indicates that cognitively based training may enhance vigilance and resultant memory in field situations.
Abstract 15992: Post Operative Outcomes After Cardiac Surgery in Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease

Introduction: Interstitial lung disease(ILD) is a risk factor for pulmonary complications after lung resection. Acute exacerbations are associated with high mortality. Surgical outcomes after cardi...
Supervised exercise, stent revascularization, or medical therapy for claudication due to aortoiliac peripheral artery disease: the CLEVER study.

Abstract Background Treatment for claudication that is due to aortoiliac peripheral artery disease (PAD) often relies on stent revascularization (ST). However, supervised exercise (SE) is known to provide comparable short-term (6-month) improvements in functional status and quality of life. Longer-term outcomes are not known. Objectives The goal of this study was to report the longer-term (18-month) efficacy of SE compared with ST and optimal medical care (OMC). Methods Of 111 patients with aortoiliac PAD randomly assigned to receive OMC, OMC plus SE, or OMC plus ST, 79 completed the 18-month clinical and treadmill follow-up assessment. SE consisted of 6 months of SE and an additional year of telephone-based exercise counseling. Primary clinical outcomes included objective treadmill-based walking performance and subjective quality of life. Results Peak walking time improved from baseline to 18 months for both SE (5.0 ± 5.4 min) and ST (3.2 ± 4.7 min) significantly more than for OMC (0.2 ± 2.1 min; p Conclusions Both SE and ST had better 18-month outcomes than OMC. SE and ST provided comparable durable improvement in functional status and in quality of life up to 18 months. The durability of claudication exercise interventions merits its consideration as a primary PAD claudication treatment. (Claudication: Exercise Versus Endoluminal Revascularization [CLEVER]; NCT00132743 )
THE LUNG IN SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND STEREOPRESENTATION

Publisher Summary Microscopic studies of the mammalian lung kept pace with improved techniques for preparation of histological sections. These followed development and refinement of the compound light microscope. The “conducting portion” of the respiratory tree with its successive generations of smaller and smaller branches was found to divide in orderly fashion. Divisions were dichotomous. The last of these conducting passageways, called the “terminal bronchiole,” was observed to lead to the first of the ducts of the functional or “respiratory portion” of the airways, the respiratory bronchiole. The succeeding pattern of branchings became more complex. Difficulty was encountered in describing its geometry with accuracy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with its depth of field and concomitant high resolution might be said to have brought to interested pneumonologists what the preparations of transmission electron microscopic (TEM) could not; namely, the third dimension. The techniques of stereoprojection and the resultant publication of stereopairs of scanning electron micrographs have enhanced the knowledge of the pulmonary airways. This chapter presents the results of an investigation of the lungs of certain small mammals by the techniques of SEM.
n-RiM: A Paradigm Shift in the Realization of Fully Inkjet-printed Broadband Tunable FSS using Origami Structures

A state-of-the-art methodology for the realization of fully inkjet-printed tunable frequency selective surfaces using ripple-Miura (an origami) structure is presented. The dipoles are inkjet-printed along multiple foldlines of the ripple-Miura structure which facilitates systematic reduction in inter-element distance and an unprecedented transformation of the dipole elements into a ripple-shaped structure with folding. This results in substantial reduction in electrical length of the dipoles to realize wide range of resonant frequency and bandwidth tunability. The design also features an excellent anale of incidence rejection.
Tachyphylaxis in major depressive disorder: A review of the current state of research.

Abstract Background Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) often experience a re-emergence or worsening of symptoms despite ongoing treatment with previously effective antidepressant pharmacotherapy. This lost or reduced antidepressant response during maintenance, referred to as tachyphylaxis, negatively impacts treatment outcomes and quality of life for patients with MDD. This review assesses the prevalence of antidepressant tachyphylaxis as well as the evidence for interventions to manage it. Methods We searched PubMed/Medline for the relevant clinical trials and meta-analyses on antidepressant tachyphylaxis up to January 2017. Search terms included “depression” paired with “treatment” (n = 186,674), “tachyphylaxis” paired with “depression” (n = 112), “tachyphylaxis” paired with “major depressive disorder” (n = 21), and “antidepressant” paired with “tachyphylaxis” (n = 68). Studies were included if they reported on a clinical trial or meta-analysis exploring tachyphylaxis in MDD and were excluded if the sample population did not have a primary DSM diagnosis of MDD. Results Rates of tachyphylaxis varied from 9% to 57% depending on the patient population and duration of follow-up. Limited evidence suggests potentially beneficial strategies for managing tachyphylaxis, including change in antidepressant dosing, switch of class of antidepressant medication, augmentation or combination pharmacotherapy, and psychotherapy. Limitations Studies of antidepressant tachyphylaxis are largely heterogeneous in nature and employ strict inclusion/exclusion criteria; thus, these findings may not be generalizable to all depressed populations. Conclusion Few established treatment strategies exist to manage antidepressant tachyphylaxis. Further interventional research is needed to provide symptomatic relief for patients with tachyphylaxis in MDD.
Methods for improving the operational reliability of a car windshield

Abstract Windshields of motor vehicles bear various loads due to their position and design. The rocks on the road exert destructive impacts onto the windshield creating critical stress as a result of the impact. This causes cracks and chipping in the material, which has negative influence on the visibility and the operational safety. The analysis of strength characteristics of windshields made it possible to detect the zones contacting with the vehicle body that are most subject to cracking. In order to protect these windshield zones, an alternative method was developed consisting in the use of a protective cover plate. The advantage of this cover is its small size, which simplifies its installation and makes it possible to only protect the zones where the windshield is fixed in the vehicle body, so its service life can be greatly increased. Using the software complex Ansys the windshield was modelled and the protective cover plate was tested for a particular vehicle, its material and manufacturing method was estimated. The analysis of compliance of the cover plate size with the normative requirements for windshields made it possible to draw the conclusion that the cover plate does not obstruct the vision. The experimental results for aggressive environments made it possible to draw the conclusion that such protective cover plate has a long service life. As the research showed, the service life of the new protective cover is at least a year if recommendations for installation and operation have been observed.
Machine Learning with Optical Phase Signatures for Phenotypic Profiling of Cell Lines

Robust and reproducible profiling of cell lines is essential for phenotypic screening assays. The goals of this study were to determine robust and reproducible optical phase signatures of cell lines for classification with machine learning and to correlate optical phase parameters to motile behavior. Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) reconstructed phase maps of cells from two pairs of cancer and non-cancer cell lines. Seventeen image parameters were extracted from each cell's phase map, used for linear support vector machine learning, and correlated to scratch wound closure and Boyden chamber chemotaxis. The classification accuracy was between 90% and 100% for the six pairwise cell line comparisons. Several phase parameters correlated with wound closure rate and chemotaxis across the four cell lines. The level of cell confluence in culture affected phase parameters in all cell lines tested. Results indicate that optical phase features of cell lines are a robust set of quantitative data of potential utility for phenotypic screening and prediction of motile behavior. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.