cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract A23: Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) drives growth, metastasis and chemoresistance in human and canine osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common bone tumor in children. Dose intensive therapies have resulted in survival rates of 75%, however for patients with metastasis at diagnosis, the survival rate is only 20%, indicating the need for improved therapeutic strategies for metastatic osteosarcoma. Unfortunately, the availability of human OSA samples for study is extremely limited; however, over 10,000 canine patients spontaneously develop OSA annually and canine tumors share common histological features, genetic mutations and gene expression profiles with human OSA. To identify factors that contribute to metastasis and chemotherapeutic resistance of OSA, we assessed the gene expression signatures of normal bone and groups of primary canine OSA tumors surgically resected from dogs with short ( 300 day) disease free intervals (DFI) following standard treatment. Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) was identified as a negative prognostic indicator in this canine OSA study. IGF2BP1 is an oncofetal protein that binds multiple RNA targets to regulate their nuclear transport, stability, translation and subcellular localization. We have further investigated the role of IGF2BP1 in the development and metastatic progression of both human and canine osteosarcoma. IGF2BP1 transcripts were virtually undetectable on microarray analysis of normal bone and up-regulated greater-than 65-fold in both canine tumor groups relative to normal bone. RT-qPCR analysis validated these findings demonstrating a stair-step pattern of expression in which normal bone had virtually no IGF2BP1 expression, and IGF2BP1 expression was elevated 132-fold and 915-fold compared to normal bone in the long and short DFI tumor groups, respectively. Array CGH analysis revealed no genomic amplification of the IGF2BP1 locus, but 3′ UTR truncation may contribute to increased IGF2BP1 mRNA half-life. Similarly, human osteosarcoma cell lines, on average, expressed 14-fold higher levels of IGF2BP1 transcripts compared to human osteoblasts. Further, in the MG63.2 cell line, a metastatic variant of the MG63 human OSA cell line, we measured elevated mRNA transcripts (five-fold, p=0.0368) and protein levels (seven-fold), implicating IGF2BP1 in metastasis of osteosarcoma. IGF2BP1 knockdown in shRNA-expressing MG63.2 clones resulted in a three-fold (p Citation Format: Liza E. Pfaff, Brian T. Kalet, Deanna D. Dailey, Dawn L. Duval. Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) drives growth, metastasis and chemoresistance in human and canine osteosarcoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: The Translational Impact of Model Organisms in Cancer; Nov 5-8, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2014;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A23.
The Importance of the Shape of Cloud Droplet Size Distributions in Shallow Cumulus Clouds. Part II: Bulk Microphysics Simulations

AbstractIn this two-part study, the relationships between the width of the cloud droplet size distribution and the microphysical processes and cloud characteristics of nonprecipitating shallow cumulus clouds are investigated using large-eddy simulations. In Part I, simulations are run with a bin microphysics scheme and the relative widths (standard deviation divided by mean diameter) of the simulated cloud droplet size distributions are calculated. They reveal that the value of the relative width is higher and less variable in the subsaturated regions of the cloud than in the supersaturated regions owing to both the evaporation process itself and enhanced mixing and entrainment of environmental air. Unlike in some previous studies, the relative width is not found to depend strongly on the initial aerosol concentration or mean droplet concentration. Nonetheless, local values of the relative width are found to positively correlate with local values of the droplet concentrations, particularly in the supersat...
Assistive technology for students with learning disabilities: A glimpse of the livescribe pen and its impact on homework completion

This research investigated the effectiveness of an assistive technology tool, the Livescribe Pen (LSP), with an elementary student identified with dyslexia. Using interview and focus group methodologies over the span of one academic year, the study probed the perceptions of teachers, parent, and child. While the LSP was primarily utilized for curriculum accessibility and an audio tool to promote academic independence, the study’s findings reveal its impact as an assistive technology on both academic success for children with disabilities as well as non-academic gains. These included an increase in independence, more time for social activities, and the ability to develop strategies for homework success. Most importantly, the academic team and the parent reported a sense of higher aspirations for this student; ones they had not thought possible previously. Finally, the study revealed two elements critically important for students with disabilities. Those are the importance of fostering communities of support and the importance of self-determination.
pH modulation ameliorates the red blood cell storage lesion in a murine model of transfusion.

Abstract Background Prolonged storage of packed red blood cells (pRBCs) induces a series of harmful biochemical and metabolic changes known as the RBC storage lesion. RBCs are currently stored in an acidic storage solution, but the effect of pH on the RBC storage lesion is unknown. We investigated the effect of modulation of storage pH on the RBC storage lesion and on erythrocyte survival after transfusion. Methods Murine pRBCs were stored in Additive Solution-3 (AS3) under standard conditions (pH, 5.8), acidic AS3 (pH, 4.5), or alkalinized AS3 (pH, 8.5). pRBC units were analyzed at the end of the storage period. Several components of the storage lesion were measured, including cell-free hemoglobin, microparticle production, phosphatidylserine externalization, lactate accumulation, and byproducts of lipid peroxidation. Carboxyfluorescein-labeled erythrocytes were transfused into healthy mice to determine cell survival. Results Compared with pRBCs stored in standard AS3, those stored in alkaline solution exhibited decreased hemolysis, phosphatidylserine externalization, microparticle production, and lipid peroxidation. Lactate levels were greater after storage in alkaline conditions, suggesting that these pRBCs remained more metabolically viable. Storage in acidic AS3 accelerated erythrocyte deterioration. Compared with standard AS3 storage, circulating half-life of cells was increased by alkaline storage but decreased in acidic conditions. Conclusions Storage pH significantly affects the quality of stored RBCs and cell survival after transfusion. Current erythrocyte storage solutions may benefit from refinements in pH levels.
Transit Stop Environments and Waiting Time Perception: Impacts of Trees, Traffic Exposure, and Polluted Air

Reducing the burden of waiting in transit travel is critical to increasing the attractiveness of public transportation. Waiting time perceptions are highly subjective and vary according to mode, availability of schedule information, and stop amenities. The research on pedestrian design finds that high-quality and natural environments reduce stress and encourage walking and bicycling. It seems reasonable that similar effects would apply for transit users on the basis of the environments around transit stops, but little research directly explores the issue. This paper responds to this knowledge gap by examining how perceptions of waiting time vary in relation to stop environments. The research compared transit users’ actual and estimated wait time at 36 stops and stations in a mix of environmental situations in the region of the Twin Cities, Minnesota. Regression analysis explained the variation in riders’ self-reported waiting time as a function of their externally observed waiting times as well as charact...
Longitudinal Relations Among Parenting Styles, Prosocial Behaviors, and Academic Outcomes in U.S. Mexican Adolescents

This article examined parenting styles and prosocial behaviors as longitudinal predictors of academic outcomes in U.S. Mexican youth. Adolescents (N = 462; Wave 1 Mage = 10.4 years; 48.1% girls), parents, and teachers completed parenting, prosocial behavior, and academic outcome measures at 5th, 10th, and 12th grades. Authoritative parents were more likely to have youth who exhibited high levels of prosocial behaviors than those who were moderately demanding and less involved. Fathers and mothers who were less involved and mothers who were moderately demanding were less likely than authoritative parents to have youth who exhibited high levels of prosocial behaviors. Prosocial behaviors were positively associated with academic outcomes. Discussion focuses on parenting, prosocial behaviors, and academic attitudes in understanding youth academic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Modeling the Impact of Body-to-body Leakage in Partially-Depleted SOI CMOS Technology

We study the impact of body-to-body leakage on the performance of partially-depleted silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS technology using TCAD. The body-to-body leakage could be significant because of aggressive technology scaling as shown by process simulations. A fifteen percent degradation in overall delay time is observed by device and mixed-mode circuit simulations. Numerical junction leakage models for accurate body potential modeling are also discussed.
Exploring structural variation and gene family architecture with De Novo assemblies of 15 Medicago genomes.

Previous studies exploring sequence variation in the model legume, Medicago truncatula, relied on mapping short reads to a single reference. However, read-mapping approaches are inadequate to examine large, diverse gene families or to probe variation in repeat-rich or highly divergent genome regions. De novo sequencing and assembly of M. truncatula genomes enables near-comprehensive discovery of structural variants (SVs), analysis of rapidly evolving gene families, and ultimately, construction of a pan-genome. Genome-wide synteny based on 15 de novo M. truncatula assemblies effectively detected different types of SVs indicating that as much as 22% of the genome is involved in large structural changes, altogether affecting 28% of gene models. A total of 63 million base pairs (Mbp) of novel sequence was discovered, expanding the reference genome space for Medicago by 16%. Pan-genome analysis revealed that 42% (180 Mbp) of genomic sequences is missing in one or more accession, while examination of de novo annotated genes identified 67% (50,700) of all ortholog groups as dispensable – estimates comparable to recent studies in rice, maize and soybean. Rapidly evolving gene families typically associated with biotic interactions and stress response were found to be enriched in the accession-specific gene pool. The nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) family, in particular, harbors the highest level of nucleotide diversity, large effect single nucleotide change, protein diversity, and presence/absence variation. However, the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) and heat shock gene families are disproportionately affected by large effect single nucleotide changes and even higher levels of copy number variation. Analysis of multiple M. truncatula genomes illustrates the value of de novo assemblies to discover and describe structural variation, something that is often under-estimated when using read-mapping approaches. Comparisons among the de novo assemblies also indicate that different large gene families differ in the architecture of their structural variation.
Vitamin D and Bronchial Asthma: An Overview of Data From the Past 5 Years.

Abstract Purpose Vitamin D is a potent immunomodulator capable of dampening inflammatory signals in several cell types involved in the asthmatic response. Its deficiency has been associated with increased inflammation, exacerbations, and overall poor outcomes in patients with asthma. Given the increase in the prevalence of asthma over the past few decades, there has been enormous interest in the use of vitamin D supplementation as a potential therapeutic option. Here, we critically reviewed the most recent findings from in vitro studies, animal models, and clinical trials regarding the role of vitamin D in treating bronchial asthma. Methods Using the key terms [Vitamin D, asthma, clinical trials, in vivo and in vitro studies], the [PubMed, Google Scholar] databases were searched for [clinical trials, original research articles, meta-analyses, and reviews], English-language articles published from [2012] to the present. Articles that were [Articles that did not meet these criteria were excluded] excluded from the analysis. Findings Several studies have found that low serum levels of vitamin D ( Implications Despite the conflicting data obtained from clinical trials, vitamin D deficiency may influence the inflammatory response in the airways. Further studies are needed to determine the exact mechanisms by which vitamin D supplementation may induce antiinflammatory effects.
EFFECT OF SERIAL UV-B EXPOSURE ON VITAMIN D METABOLITES IN HUMAN MILK AND FORMULA FED INFANTS. † 1865

EFFECT OF SERIAL UV-B EXPOSURE ON VITAMIN D METABOLITES IN HUMAN MILK AND FORMULA FED INFANTS. † 1865
A Century of Quantum Mechanics

Approximately one hundred years after its formulation, quantum mechanics is the most successful of all the frameworks discovered to describe physical reality. In this paper I review its successes; namely that it works, that it makes sense and that it is hard to modify. Finally, I discuss where, at the frontiers of knowledge, our present quantum mechanical framework might breakdown. [Editors note: For a video of the talk given by Prof. Gross at the Aharonov-80 conference in 2012 at Chapman University, see quantum.chapman.edu/talk-1.]
A vaginal tract signal detected by the group b streptococcus saers system elicits transcriptomic changes and enhances murine colonization

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus [GBS]) can colonize the human vaginal tract, leading to both superficial and serious infections in adults and neonates. To study bacterial colonization of the reproductive tract in a mammalian system, we employed a murine vaginal carriage model. Using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq), the transcriptome of GBS growing in vivo during vaginal carriage was determined. Over one-quarter of the genes in GBS were found to be differentially regulated during in vivo colonization compared to laboratory cultures. A two-component system (TCS) homologous to the staphylococcal virulence regulator SaeRS was identified as being upregulated in vivo One of the SaeRS targets, pbsP, a proposed GBS vaccine candidate, is shown to be important for colonization of the vaginal tract. A component of vaginal lavage fluid acts as a signal to turn on pbsP expression via SaeRS. These data demonstrate the ability to quantify RNA expression directly from the murine vaginal tract and identify novel genes involved in vaginal colonization by GBS. They also provide more information about the regulation of an important virulence and colonization factor of GBS, pbsP, by the TCS SaeRS.
Low dose monocrotaline causes a selective pulmonary vascular lesion in male and female pneumonectomized rats

ABSTRACTPurpose/Aim: Low doses (30–80 mg/kg) of monocrotaline are commonly used to create experimental models of pulmonary hypertension in rats. At these doses, monocrotaline causes pulmonary endothelial apoptosis and acute lung injury which ultimately results in pulmonary vascular disease. Higher doses of monocrotaline (300 mg/kg) are known to create severe liver injury, but previous investigations with lower doses have not reported histology in other organs to determine whether the vascular injury with monocrotaline is pulmonary-selective or generalized. Materials and Methods: We therefore sought to determine whether monocrotaline caused extra-pulmonary injury at doses commonly used in pulmonary hypertension studies. We performed left pneumonectomy on young male and female rats before administering 50–60 mg/kg monocrotaline 7 days later. We monitored serum chemistry and urine dipsticks during the first 3 weeks while the animals developed pulmonary hypertension. After 3 weeks, we sacrificed animals and s...
Stigma associated with medication treatment for young adults with opioid use disorder: a case series.

Opioid-related overdose deaths have risen sharply among young adults. Despite this increase, access to evidence-based medication for opioid agonist treatment (OAT) for youth remains low. Among older adults, barriers to OAT include the paucity of buprenorphine-waivered prescribers and low rates of prescribing among waivered physicians. We have increasingly found in our clinical practice significant stigma related to using OAT to treat addiction for young adults. In this series, we describe three cases of young adults who faced significant stigma related to their treatment. The first case is a young male with a history of significant trauma and a severe opioid use disorder. He started buprenorphine and has found a job, stayed abstinent, and began a healthy relationship. At each step in his recovery, he has faced resistance to taking medication from other treatment providers, directors of sober houses, and his parents. The second case is a young woman who presented to a substance use treatment program after a relapse. She was unable to restart buprenorphine despite our calling to ask that it be restarted. Ultimately, she left against medical advice and was stabilized as an outpatient on buprenorphine. The final case is a young woman who stopped buprenorphine after being told she was “not sober” while attending 12-step group but restarted after conversations with her clinical team. In each case, the patient has continued their medication treatment and are stable. Opioid-related deaths continue to rise among all age groups, including young adults. Stigma related to medication treatment can be a substantial barrier for many young adult patients but there are concrete steps that providers and communities can take to address this stigma.
The Amyloid-β Oligomer Hypothesis: Beginning of the Third Decade

The amyloid-β oligomer (AβO) hypothesis was introduced in 1998. It proposed that the brain damage leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD) was instigated by soluble, ligand-like AβOs. This hypothesis was based on the discovery that fibril-free synthetic preparations of AβOs were potent CNS neurotoxins that rapidly inhibited long-term potentiation and, with time, caused selective nerve cell death (Lambert et al., 1998). The mechanism was attributed to disrupted signaling involving the tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn, mediated by an unknown toxin receptor. Over 4,000 articles concerning AβOs have been published since then, including more than 400 reviews. AβOs have been shown to accumulate in an AD-dependent manner in human and animal model brain tissue and, experimentally, to impair learning and memory and instigate major facets of AD neuropathology, including tau pathology, synapse deterioration and loss, inflammation, and oxidative damage. As reviewed by Hayden and Teplow in 2013, the AβO hypothesis "has all but supplanted the amyloid cascade." Despite the emerging understanding of the role played by AβOs in AD pathogenesis, AβOs have not yet received the clinical attention given to amyloid plaques, which have been at the core of major attempts at therapeutics and diagnostics but are no longer regarded as the most pathogenic form of Aβ. However, if the momentum of AβO research continues, particularly efforts to elucidate key aspects of structure, a clear path to a successful disease modifying therapy can be envisioned. Ensuring that lessons learned from recent, late-stage clinical failures are applied appropriately throughout therapeutic development will further enable the likelihood of a successful therapy in the near-term.
Experimental Test of a Time-Temperature Formulation of the Uncertainty Principle

A novel form of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, as introduced by de Sabbata and Sivaram, ∆T∆t ≥ ħ/k, was tested using laser-induced fluorescence of 30 nm particles of YAG:Ce. The temperature-dependent fluorescence decay lifetimes of this material were measured at thermal equilibrium over the range from ≈ 285 to 350 °K. The uncertainty in temperature of ≈ 4.5 °K (as derived from the relationship between temperature and lifetime) and the measured uncertainty in decay lifetime, ≈ 0.45 ns, yielded an “internal” estimate of ∆T∆t ≥ 2.0 × l0−9 °K s, which is ≈ 263 times larger than ħ/k = 7.6 × l0−12 °K s. An “external” estimate of ∆T∆t ≥ 4.5 × 10−11 (which is ≈ times ħ/k) is derived from the measured uncertainty in the temperature of the sample and the measured uncertainty in lifetime. These results could be argued to increase by a factor of 5.6 if signal averaging is taken into account. If our approach is valid, then the findings are not inconsistent with the limitations predicted by this formulation of a time-temperature uncertainty principle and they imply the existence of a type of thermal quantum limit. The approach might thus open a path towards improved precision in the determination of the Boltzmann constant based on thermal squeezing techniques.
Nudge Theory in Information Systems Research A Comprehensive Systematic Review of the Literature

Nudge Theory, a relatively new addition to the set of theories explaining human judgment and decision-making, has received considerable support and interest from both researchers and practitioners ...
Principles of Host Defense

The two major defense mechanisms of the body against potentially injurious events are the inflammatory response and the immunologic response. The cells involved in host defense are, in general, initially derived from the bone marrow and circulate through the peripheral bloodstream and lymphatic system or are “fixed” at certain sites throughout the body.
Nonlinear tidal dissipation in the subsurface oceans of Enceladus and other icy satellites

Abstract Subsurface ocean tides act as a mechanism to dissipate tidal energy in icy satellite interiors. We numerically model the effect of an ice shell on ocean tides using non-linear bottom drag for the first time. We demonstrate that subsurface oceans experience tidal pressurization due to the confining nature of the ice shell, and find that Enceladus’ eccentricity forcing can generate up to 2.2 kPa of pressure excess at the ocean surface. Existing free-surface oceanic energy dissipation scaling laws are extended to subsurface oceans, and are benchmarked against our numerical results to within 10 %. We show that for the large bodies Ganymede, Europa and Titan, an ice shell increases eccentricity tidal heating due to self-gravity, whereas the shell’s suppressive mechanical forcing reduces eccentricity tide dissipation on Enceladus and Dione by several orders of magnitude due to their high effective rigidities. In contrast, the ice shell enhances obliquity-forced dissipation in all satellites investigated, except Triton, because the largely divergence-free ocean response is unaffected by the shell’s rigidity but is still enhanced by self-gravity. We conclude that the fundamental difference in ocean response to obliquity and eccentricity forcing, combined with self-gravity, results in increased obliquity heating and suppressed eccentricity heating in small satellites. For large satellites with low effective rigidities, the type of ocean response is less important because the shell’s mechanical forcing has little impact on the flow, whereas self-gravity will enhance the response, and consequently dissipation, regardless of the forcing. Overall, obliquity tides are likely to dominate the tidal heating budget of icy satellite oceans, remaining the most prominent source of fluid dissipation in subsurface barotropic ocean tides.
Integrating Technology for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders to Promote Engagement.

Students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) often struggle with behavior and can display academically challenging behavior in the classroom. Therefore, teachers should consider implement...
Menstrual disturbances during electric shock treatment; relation to diagnosis and clinical improvement.

A review of menstrual disturbances in patients receiving ECT revealed that the disturbances were not related to the capacity of the patients to improve with treatment. However, they were related to the type of illness and the diagnostic category. The lengths of menstrual cycles which were concurrent with the initial impact of shock treatment differed significantly in manicdepressive and catatonic subjects. The menstrual response to ECT was similar in all schizophrenic subgroups, except the paranoid which was more like the manic-depressive and psychoneurotic groups.
Ecteinascidins: Putative Biosynthetic Precursors and Absolute Stereochemistry

New bioactive ecteinascidins (Et's) 597 (1), 583 (2), 594 (3), and 596 (4)putative biosynthetic precursors of previously described Et's [e.g., Et 743 (5)]were isolated from the Caribbean tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata. Structures assigned to these compounds based on spectroscopic data represent a novel series of Et's with l-cysteine or its α-oxo analog as unit C. The absolute configuration of the l-Cys unit of 1 was assigned by chiral GC, while a 2D ROESY (rotating-frame Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy) spectrum of its acetyl derivative 1a completed the assignment of the stereochemistry of 1 as 1R,2R,3R,4R,11R,13S,21S,1‘R.
A multi-mechanism constitutive model for the dynamic failure of quasi-brittle materials. Part II: Integrative model

Abstract In Part I, we established a model for amorphization during the failure of quasi-brittle materials. In this Part II, we present a multi-mechanism physics-based constitutive model which incorporates amorphization, microcracking and granular flow as basic deformation mechanisms. With this new integrative model, we investigate the interaction and competition of the different mechanisms. In the amorphization model we considered the initiation and evolution of amorphization bands. Microcracking is described with the micromechanics-based damage model developed in Tonge and Ramesh (2016a). Both amorphization and microcracking may introduce damage to the material, and granular flow is activated when the accumulated damage reaches some threshold value. Using boron carbide (BC) as the model material, we examine the response of a representative volume element (RVE) under different loading conditions and loading rates. We apply the full model to full simulations of plate impact and dynamic Vickers indentation into the material. Next, we simulate the sphere-on-cylinder impact experiments as an application of the integrative model. By comparing the simulation results with experiments and studying the influence of the various material parameters, we demonstrate the ability of the integrative model to capture the effects of multiple mechanisms and suggest some promising directions for material-design.
Segregation, linkage, GWAS, and sequencing

Abstract Since Mendel's Laws were first described in the 1800s, methods have developed for determining both how a trait is transmitted through generations and what genetic variation contribute to the trait. Segregation analysis elucidates the mode of inheritance for a trait based on phenotypic data collected on families. Genetic linkage and genome-wide association studies identify the genetic variation that are contributing to a trait. The genetic variation underlying a trait can be identified through multiple sequencing approaches. These could include whole genome and exome sequencing as well as epigenetic sequencing methods that interrogate the three-dimensional and dynamic architecture of the human genome. Together, these molecular techniques and statistical analyses have broadened our understanding of the genetic etiology of several ocular traits and diseases.
Cosmology’s early days

After George Gamow first proposed the idea of a hot Big Bang in 1948, it took 15 years for the burgeoning cosmology community to recognize his contribution for what it was.
Teenager, Parent, and Clinician Perspectives on the Electronic Health Record

* Abbreviation: EHR — : electronic health record Management of adolescent confidentiality and sensitive services has always posed challenges to medical clinicians. State and federal laws, as well as institutional policies, may dictate what information can or cannot be shared by a clinician with a parent or guardian of an adolescent. Clinicians concerned about diagnosis disclosure via insurance notifications may limit their testing or prescription, refer sensitive services to more specialized reproductive health clinics, or appeal to noninsurance funders to cover sensitive testing and confidential prescriptions. All factors may be burdensome to patients, families, and/or clinicians. With the advent of electronic health records (EHRs), clinicians face additional challenges for preserving adolescent confidentiality.1 Clinicians are frequently in the difficult situation of balancing their patient’s need for confidentiality with creating an accurate and complete medical record that enhances coordination of care with families and other clinicians.2 Current EHR systems are often extremely limited in their ability to ensure confidentiality of items such as medications or problem lists across the many interfaces in which these items could be disclosed (such as after-visit summaries, shared or open notes, problem and medication lists within the portal system).3 Whereas some institutions have a practice of using confidential note types or confidential encounters for sensitive information, this practice relies on clinicians to consistently document the appropriate information in the appropriate location. Institutions have also used custom-built functionality for excluding specific laboratory values or medications from being shared within the portal, but this is a labor-intensive undertaking that requires … Address correspondence to Jennifer L. Carlson, MD, Division of Adolescent Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 770 Welch Rd, Suite 100, Palo Alto, CA 94304. E-mail: carlson2{at}stanford.edu
An exploratory analysis of the association between moral injury and mental healthcare-seeking attitudes and behaviors in returning veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars

Abstract Objectives This study examines the degree to which veterans who have experienced more “moral injury” are less likely to seek the mental healthcare services they may urgently need. Methods The sampling frame for this study included American veterans of the Iraq and/or Afghanistan wars aged 25-44. Participants were recruited into the study by posting a call for participants to social media platforms such as Facebook and LinkedIn. A web link was provided to direct them to an anonymous online survey. We then collected data assessing veterans’ combat experiences, healthcare-seeking attitudes and behaviors, and various sociodemographic data. No identifying information was collected, and an Institutional Review Board exemption was granted under DHHS Regulatory Category II by the George Washington University’s Office of Human Research Study. Results The results from the Inventory of Attitudes toward Seeking Mental Health Services (IASMHS) clearly showed that moral injury was associated with more negative mental health services-seeking attitudes in all measurable areas. Those respondents scoring higher on the Moral Injury Events Scale (MIES) were presumably less likely to acknowledge their psychological problems, more likely to have fear of anticipated stigma from loved ones if they were to seek mental health treatment, and less willing and able to seek out mental health treatment when needed. Conclusions It is probable that we will not be able to reach a significant number of veterans suffering from moral injury unless we dedicate further research in the area of developing effective techniques to recruit veterans suffering from moral injury into mental health treatment programs by taking their specific symptoms (independent of PTSD) into consideration.
Giant Retinal Ganglion Cells in Dogfish (Mustelus): Electrophysiology of Single On-Centre Units

The ganglion cells are the most typical neurons in the vertebrate retina. With their axons they form the only pathway from the retina to the brain. Because their axons are so accessible to electrophysiological study, they are still the best known single units in the retina. Even so, rather little is understood about the cellular structure and synaptic organisation which must account for the variety of functions these cells can perform. Ganglion cells have been shown to generate responses which depend in part on the spatial distribution of the stimulating light on the retina. The region within which light influences the response, called the “receptive field” (RF) by Hartline (1940), typically comprises concentric regions of opposite sign: a centre within which light evokes responses of one type (e.g. firing at ON), and a surround within which light evokes responses of complementary type (firing at OFF). Such cells, described in the cat by Kuffler (1952), were found to undergo changes in surround organisation going from the light- to the dark-adapted state (Barlow et al, 1957).
Child placement after parental incarceration: The roles of parents’ race and sex

Abstract Although an in-depth body of literature finds that race is central to interactions with the criminal justice system – for both adults and their children – very little research has examined differences in child placement after parental incarceration by race. Using nationally representative data from 4806 incarcerated men and women, we employed logistic regression models to predict child placement type by parents’ race, sex, and their intersection. Our results show that children of Black and Hispanic parents are more likely to be placed with their non-incarcerated parent, while children of white parents are more likely to be placed in state care. We also find that this relationship is gendered. While children of Black and Hispanic fathers are the most likely group to be placed with their non-incarcerated parent, children of Black and Hispanic mothers are the least likely group to be in this placement type. Further, while incarcerated men of all races are relatively unlikely to have their child placed with a non-parent relative, Black and Hispanic women are significantly more likely to have a child in this placement type than white women. These results demonstrate the critical nuances in the relationships between child placement type and parents’ socio-demographic characteristics. Our results further illustrate additional ways the criminal justice system impacts entire families.
A Clustering-based Microgrid Planning for Resilient Restoration in Power Distribution System

With frequent natural disasters, there is an increasing need to improve the power distribution systems' resiliency. One potential solution is the utilization of microgrids with distributed energy resources (DERs) to increase the probability of critical load restoration. In this paper, a clustering-based method is proposed to increase the probability of critical loads being picked up after natural disasters while reducing the distribution system power loss in the DER planning stage. This approach utilizes distribution network topology and DERs to form multiple microgrids based on load density. Optimal DERs locations to maximize the restoration path availability is also identified using this approach. The proposed method is tested using IEEE 37-node feeder with two cases, one with three DERs and the other with six DERs, to restore eight critical loads. The results show the proposed method effectively identifies the optimal restoration paths to form microgrids while reducing the power loss during normal operations.
3045 – MAPPING MYELOID DIFFERENTIATION IDENTIFIES A CSF1+ VASCULAR NICHE FOR MYELOPOIESIS

Mounting evidence indicates that lineage decisions are controlled by local structures that support differentiation in distinct regions of the bone marrow. Our ability to manipulate hematopoiesis to treat disease has been hampered by our lack of understanding of these anatomical cues. Here we described the development of pipelines to simultaneously image myeloid progenitors together with their offspring, HSC, and endosteal and vascular niches. We found that myeloid progenitors move away from HSC during differentiation. Myeloid progenitors do not localize with each other, instead they localize to different sinusoids where they give rise to clusters of immature cells. Granulocyte, monocyte, and dendritic cell production takes place in different sinusoids suggesting the existence of specialized microenvironments that organize myelopoieis. Indeed, MDP selectively cluster with Ly6Clo monocytes and conventional dendritic cells; and localize to a unique subset of CSF1-expressing sinusoids (8% of all sinusoids), Csf1 deletion in the vasculature disrupted the MDP clusters and their interaction with sinusoids, leading to reduced MDP numbers and differentiation ability, with subsequent loss of Ly6Clo monocytes and dendritic cells. These indicate that there is a specific spatial organization of definitive hematopoiesis and that local cues produced by distinct vascular niches are responsible for this organization.
Breaking out of prison in 2143

Intergalactic is packed with plot. As a group escapes detention by commandeering a spaceship, we begin to uncover more about the eco-fascist regime back home, finds Bethan Ackerley
Recent Developments on the MTW Tensor.

We survey some recent research related to the regularity theory of optimal transport and its associated geometry. We discuss recent progress and pose some open questions and a conjecture related to the MTW tensor, which provides a local obstruction to the smoothness of the Monge transport maps.
Catabacter hongkongensis bacteremia identified by direct metagenomic sequencing of positive blood culture fluid, first case report in the US.

Abstract Catabacter hongkongensis, an increasingly recognized bacteria in clinical samples, was identified by direct metagenomic sequencing of positive blood culture fluid from a 55-year-old patient with colonic perforation. The bacteremia was cleared by both antibiotic treatment and surgical intervention. This is the first case report of C. hongkongensis infection in the US.
Ontological infidelity

In ethical discourse, it is common practice to distinguish between normative commitments and descriptive commitments. Normative commitments reflect what a person ought to be committed to, whereas descriptive commitments reflect what a person actually is committed to. While the normative/descriptive distinction is widely accepted as a way of talking about ethical commitments, philosophers have missed this distinction in discussing ontological commitments. In this paper, I distinguish between descriptive ontological commitments and normative ontological commitments and discuss several significant benefits of recognizing this distinction. I argue that just as the normative/descriptive distinction is important for fruitful ethical discourse, so too is it important for fruitful discourse concerning our ontological commitments. And, it constitutes a significant step towards resolving some prominent debates concerning our ontological commitments.
Simple exponential acceleration of the power iteration algorithm.

Many real-world problems rely on finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix. The power iteration algorithm is a simple method for determining the largest eigenvalue and associated eigenvector of a general matrix. This algorithm relies on the idea that repeated multiplication of a randomly chosen vector x by the matrix A gradually amplifies the component of the vector along the eigenvector of the largest eigenvalue of A while suppressing all other components. Unfortunately, the power iteration algorithm may demonstrate slow convergence. In this report, we demonstrate an exponential speed up in convergence of the power iteration algorithm with only a polynomial increase in computation by taking advantage of the commutativity of matrix multiplication.
Nuclear Power Plant Costs as a Function of NDE Reliability

The economic efficiency and safety of any power plant depends on the proper functioning of its component systems. The functioning of such systems (e.g., piping) is evaluated through performance of periodic nondestructive examinations (NDE). The results of these examinations determine actions the power plant owner must take regarding inspected components. If a component is found malfunctioning or containing a defect, the owner may decide to repair or replace the component. If the results of NDE indicates that the component is functioning as it should or is defect-free, he would most certainly take no action but to record such a finding for future reference. Any action the owner takes, though, depends on NDE results and involves risks associated with either not identifying defective components or mislabeling components defective when they are not. Nuclear power plants, because of their unique circumstances, must pay costs for these types of errors that far exceed those in other industries. This paper depicts the framework for relating inspection capability to the economics of power plant operation.
Violence and Aggression: The State of the Art

The focus of this review will be on the neurobiology of violence and aggression in man. Violence, in this context, will be considered as individual acts of pathologically aggressive behavior; thus war, revolution, race riots, and gang warfare will be excluded. This discussion, then, will be on a smaller subtopic, as opposed to a more global aspect of violence that would include the extensive areas of its social, economic, cultural, and psychological determinants. Still further, this review will not deal with animal studies, not because of any deprecatory feeling regarding their scientific merit, but because of a personal bias that they may be irrelevant. After all of these exclusionary clauses, is there any residue? The answer to this question appears to be the currently hot issue for debate—the magnitude, importance, and treatability of disorders of the brain resulting in violent behavior.
Reason and Belief

Newman’s religious epistemology provides a theoretical foundation of religious morality in his writings. His religious epistemology uses the concrete reasoning of informal inference in an interpretative process that justifies assent in matters of belief and morality. This interpretative process can be construed as his hermeneutics. The mental faculty in this process is called the Illative Sense. Informal inference is a concrete mode of reasoning that recognizes when there is a convergence of probabilities (or sufficient reasoning) to justify a conclusion. When this occurs the conclusion can be held as true in its own right in the assent of certitude – the conclusion that arises conditionally from the inferences can be held unconditionally in certitude. The subtlety here is that the subjective process of informal inference is used to justify the assertion of an objective truth in the assent of certitude: there is no subject-free objectivity in matters of religious belief and morality. The convergence of probabilities that constitutes sufficient reasoning represents a moral demonstration to justify moral certitude – this differs from practical certainty where a conclusion is merely reliable to act upon. Many analogies are used to illustrate this complex theory, such as comparing converging probabilities to the strands of a cable that make it sufficiently strong to bear weight (as inference can be sufficient to justify a conclusion). In this process, judgments in religious morality can be held as objectively true in the assent certitude.
Discourse Content Structures in Beginning Spanish Learners

This study attempted to explore the nature of memory structures for discourse set up by beginning Spanish learners reading a text in the second language. Research efforts were specifically directed toward the determination of the time when these memorial structures are set up. The hypothesized facultative effects of two kinds of word diagrams were also assessed in a recall measure of reading comprehension. A factorial analysis was done on the data.
Patterns for Emergent Global Intelligence

This chapter argues that Pattern Languages are an effective way to enhance individual and collective creativity. Several suggested Patterns are presented that are targeted toward making the initial stages of solving complex problems more effective and efficient.
Design and construction of a beam combiner and related hardware

The beam combiner for the Big Optical Array1 will eventually combine 6 beams. Initially it will use the 3 way beam combiner shown in Figure 1>. This combiner is assembled on a 4’x7’ super-invar breadboard. Simultaneous white light fringes have been detected on all three baselines in the laboratory. This paper describes this beam combiner and the design decisions upon which it is based.
Computing Microstructural Dynamics for Complex Fluids

Complex liquids such as polymeric or fiber suspensions are rich in interesting phenomena and as an area of scientific inquiry sits astride materials science and fluid dynamics. Materials science enters because such fluids are a form of composite material with micro-structure, while fluid dynamics enters because complex liquids are, well, fluidic. Computation plays a large role in their study not only at the continuum level, which is not a finished business anyway, but also at the microscopic level where the microstructure can have non-trivial dynamics in response to simple forcing flows.
Method for restricting incorporation of radioactivity from 3 H-thymidine into deoxyribonucleic acid only during outgrowth of spores of Bacillus cereus T.

When heat-activated spores of Bacillus cereus T ( thy − ) were germinated and grown in medium containing 3 H-thymidine, a significant amount of radioactivity was incorporated into ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). A method was developed to restrict the incorporation of radioactivity from 3 H-thymidine into DNA only. This was accomplished by labeling the cells with 3 H-thymidine in the presence of 2 mg of 2-deoxyadenosine per ml, 250 μg each of uracil, cytosine, and guanosine per ml, and 500 μg of adenosine per ml. Under these conditions, 97% of the radioactivity incorporated into cold trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material was associated with DNA only. In the absence of these compounds, DNA contained only 72% of the total radioactivity incorporated into cold acid-insoluble material.
A new hierarchical interconnection network and its performance analysis

We propose a new hierarchical interconnection network (HIN) which can be used to build large cluster-based systems. The proposed HIN offers a number of advantages: increased fault tolerance; better performance; and, ability to be used in a cache based system. An analytical model has been developed to measure the performance of the proposed network. The analytical model has been developed based on the assumption that "the requests which are not accepted during a cycle are blocked and resubmitted during the next memory cycle", in contrast to the commonly made assumption that "the requests which are not accepted during a cycle are discarded". The performance of the proposed HIN is measured in terms of memory bandwidth of the system. For the same set of system parameters and the same set of assumptions for the analytical models, we compared the performance of our system with the system presented by Mahgoub (see IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 3, no. 2, p129-38, 1992). >
#GoAllOut: A Physician's Reflection on Gay Games 9.

Abstract The article addresses the author's perspectives on the Gay Games on individual, community and public health. Using the Gay Games motto of “Participation, Inclusion, Personal Best,” the author will explore the many benefits and effects of the Gay Games.