cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
South Korean Labor Market Discrimination Against Women: Estimating Its Cost

Abstract. South Korean chaebols (large family owned firms) have extensive government ties which provide them with favorable treatment. In turn, the government obtains support from the chaebols. The chaebols have gained economic or excess profits through exploiting monopolistic power in the domestic South Korean product market and through exploiting monopsonistic power in the domestic factor market. How a monopsonistic firm obtains excess profits is illustrated and related to the behavior of the chaebols as a whole. Major focus is on the labor market. The chaebols have discretionary power over how to exploit their monopsonistic position. The status of women in the South Korean work force in light of this discretionary power is considered. An estimate of the income loss involved is made.
Determinants of Volume in Dark Pool Crossing Networks

I investigate determinants of trading volume for NASDAQ stocks in the two largest “dark pools” that cater to large institutional trades: Liquidnet and POSIT. I find that these dark pools capture a lower faction of institutional volume for stocks with higher levels of adverse selection, which is consistent with the prediction from Zhu (2013), but inconsistent with the prediction from Ye (2011). Orders in stocks with higher percentage spreads are less likely to be routed to these dark pools, which is consistent with the predictions from Zhu (2013) and Buti et al (2011a) but inconsistent with the predictions from Hendershott and Mendelson (2000) and Degryse et al. (2009). I also show that usage of these dark pools is lower for stocks with the lowest dollar spreads per share, which is consistent with trader routing of these stocks to other venues in order to satisfy soft-dollar agreements.
Soy Protein Concentrates by Ultrafiltration

: Soybean protein concentrates were produced by ultrafiltration with a commercial 4-in spiral wound module with a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane. With soy flour suspensions of 2% total solids (TS), protein content could be increased from 50% (dry basis) to 67% by ultrafiltration and/or diafiltration. Soluble sugars could be removed almost completely, but ash content of retentate solids did not decrease significantly. Higher protein contents would require removal of some of the fiber and/or manipulation of the feed environment to reduce solute-solute interactions. Protein yields were 90%. Flux decreased from 78 L/m2/h (LMH) with 2% TS soy flour suspension to 22 LMH at 17% TS.
Gertrude the Great and the Virgin Mary

Scholars agree that European Christians in the thirteenth century were enthusiastically devoted to the Virgin Mary. Even when they debated Mary's immaculate conception or her assumption body and soul into heaven, medieval Christians are not thought to have wavered in their desire to rely on her intercessory powers. While today some argue that Mary's virginal maternity set an impossible ideal for women and that her place below the Trinity sanctioned women's subordinate role within Christianity, medieval women supposedly did not assess Mary negatively. Given these widely held assumptions about thirteenth-century attitudes toward Mary, any uncertainty about honoring Mary warrants investigation. Any thirteenth-century Christian who rarely sought Mary's direct intercession but instead asked Christ to intercede with Mary deserves study. Attention especially ought to be given when questions about devotion to Mary are found in an unexpected place: the writings of a female saint renowned for her orthodoxy.
A Fragmentizing Interface to a Large Corpus of Digitized Text: (Post)humanism and Non-consumptive Reading via Features

AbstractWhile the idea of distant reading does not rule out the possibility of close reading of the individual components of the corpus of digitized text that is being distant-read, this ceases to be the case when parts of the corpus are, for reasons relating to intellectual property, not accessible for consumption through downloading followed by close reading. Copyright restrictions on material in collections of digitized text such as the HathiTrust Digital Library (HTDL) necessitate providing facilities for non-consumptive reading, one of the approaches to which consists of providing users with features from the text in the form of small fragments of text, instead of the text itself. We argue that, contrary to expectation, the fragmentary quality of the features generated by the reading interface does not necessarily imply that the mode of reading enabled and mediated by these features points in an anti-humanist direction. We pose the fragmentariness of the features as paradigmatic of the fragmentation ...
Oblique-incidence Reflectivity Difference (OI-RD) and Leed Studies of Adsorption and Growth of Xe on Nb(110)

We studied adsorption, growth and desorption of Xe on Nb(110) using an in-situ obliqueincidence reflectivity difference (OI-RD) technique and low energy electron diffraction (LEED) from 32 K to 100 K. The results show that Xe grows a (111)-oriented film after a transition layer is formed on Nb(110). The transition layer consists of three layers. The first two layers are disordered with Xe-Xe separation significantly larger than the bulk value. The third monolayer forms a close packed (111) structure on top of the tensile-strained double layer and serves as a template for subsequent homoepitaxy. The adsorption of the first and the second layers are zeroth order with sticking coefficient close to one. Growth of the Xe(111) film on the transition layer proceeds in a step flow mode from 54K to 40K. At 40K, an incomplete layer-by-layer growth is observed while below 35K the growth proceeds in a multilayer mode.
Misfolded proteins and retinal dystrophies

Many mutations associated with retinal degeneration lead to the production of misfolded proteins by cells of the retina. Emerging evidence suggests that these abnormal proteins cause cell death by activating the Unfolded Protein Response, a set of conserved intracellular signaling pathways that detect protein misfolding within the endoplasmic reticulum and control protective and proapoptotic signal transduction pathways. Here, we review the misfolded proteins associated with select types of retinitis pigmentosa, Stargadt-like macular degeneration, and Doyne Honeycomb Retinal Dystrophy and discuss the role that endoplasmic reticulum stress and UPR signaling play in their pathogenesis. Last, we review new therapies for these diseases based on preventing protein misfolding in the retina.
Extensible language - where are we going

It has now been several years that work in that area of programming languages and systems which we at this conference choose to call “Extensible Languages” has been going on. Indeed it has been a few years since “Extensible Languages” were being touted as the “wave of the future” and promised for delivery “tomorrow.” There are clearly many at this conference who feel that we are still not there - that we have a long way to go in basic research and development of extensible languages and their host facilities; I do not share this opinion. Rather, I think that in a very strong sense “we have arrived” - that there exist languages and host systems which fulfill the goals of extensibility. I would cite, as one example the ECL systems discussed in several other papers in these proceedings. (see [2], [3]) This is not to suggest that the problem is completely solved. Indeed, there is a great deal of work still necessary to tune, adjust, adapt, and exploit the languages and systems now just becoming available. However, it is my position that further research in extensible language, per se, is probably destined to yield only marginal results until such time as a significant period of exploitation has clearly pinpointed issues with which a new wave of extensible language research might attempt to contend.
Democracy and the spectacle On Rousseau’s homeopathic strategy

Rousseau maintains that the spectacle isolates us at the very same moment when it brings us together. This article argues that this striking remark must be understood within the more general framework of a critique of the spectacular nature of modern society. But if the spectacle is not simply an occasional form of entertainment, but a social relationship that pervades modern society as a whole, how can we escape from it? Rousseau’s homeopathic strategy, according to which we should fight an evil through small doses of that very same evil, offers a solution that is crucial for grasping the scope of Rousseau’s critique of the spectacle as well as for rethinking the possibility of democracy.
CCR5 promoter polymorphism and HIV-1 disease progression

Summary Background The rate of progression to AIDS varies among individuals infected with HIV-1. Factors responsible include two inherited human alleles, CCR5 ∆32 and CCR2-64I, which alter the protein-coding regions for the HIV-1 coreceptors/chemokine receptors CCR5 and CCR2b. We tested the hypothesis that polymorphisms of the CCR5 promoter might affect the rate of progression of HIV-1 infected people to AIDS. Methods We used directed heteroduplex analysis to identify polymorphism in the CCR5 promoter. Promotervariants were compared in vitro with a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene, and in vivo by genotyping HIV-1 seroconvertors discordant at polymorphous loci. Findings An A/G polymorphism was identified at basepair 59029 (Genbank U95626) in the CCR5 promoter. Both promoter alleles were common (43–68% allelic frequency for 59029-A depending on race). When in-vitro promoter activity was measured, 59029-G had 45% lower activity than 59029-A (p=0·05). In a cohort of HIV-1 seroconvertors lacking both CCR5 ∆32 and CCR2-641, 59029-G/G individuals progressed to AIDS on average 3·8 years more slowly than 59029-A/A individuals (p=0·004). 59029-G/A discordance did not correlate with discordant rates of infection. Interpretation Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that CCR5 is important in HIV-1 pathogenesis. CCR5 59029-G/G appears to be protective relative to CCR5 59029-A/A, and about twice as protective relative to CCR5 ∆32 or CCR2-64I. This effect may be the result of reduced CCR5 mRNA production. These results identify the first site in the CCR5 promoter that may be a useful target for treatment of HIV-1 infection.
General Survey of Adsorptive Bubble Separation Processes

Abstract In this article we present a general survey of adsorptive bubble separation processes. These separation methods involve the use of selective adsorption at gas-liquid interfaces, the interfaces being generated by gas bubbles in aqueous media. A variety of processes based on this mechanism have been developed, and these methods are described in this review. The underlying concepts in this field are then explored so that the similarities between the methods can be seen. Engineering applications, as well as our own work on analytical applications, are presented. Suggestions are also made as to future potentialities for these adsorptive bubble separation processes. Finally, to place these methods in proper perspective, the techniques are compared to such widely used processes as ion exchange and liquid-liquid extraction.
Natural Gas: A Long Bridge to a Promising Destination

In this essay, Professor Pierce argues that the horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing of shale formations that has nearly doubled US gas supplies over the last six years has the potential to yield a century of enormous environmental and economic benefits to the US and to the world.
Electrodeposited Cu‐Ni Textured Superlattices

Artificially layered materials of alternating 2–3 nm thick copper and nickel layers have been produced by electrodeposition on oriented single‐crystal copper substrates. X‐ray diffraction examination of thin layers chemically removed from the substrate showed that a coherent, relatively homogeneous coating, with a strong epitaxial relationship, had been produced. In particular, artificially layered Cu‐Ni alloys displaying a textured [110] orientation were obtained by electrodeposition. Noncoherent nucleation leads to the presence of various amounts of randomly oriented alloy grains on all substrates but, in particular, for the [100] orientation.
Investigations on hydraulic cements from spent oil shale

LBL-10482 Preprint I Submitted to the Journal of Cement and Concrete Research INVESTIGATIONS ON HYDRAULIC CEMENTS FROM SPENT OIL SHALE P.K. Mehta and P. Persoff April 1980 TWO-WEEK LOAN COPY This is a Library Circulating Copy which may borrowed two weeks. For a personal retention copy; Tech. Info. Division .. Ext. 6782. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract W-7405-ENG-48
Sisterhood of Struggle: Leadership and Strategy in the Campaign for the Nineteenth Amendment

This chapter examines the role of Alice Paul's leadership in securing passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. Recent scholarship on popular constitutionalism reminds us that constitutional history encompasses more than the work of litigators and judges; it also addresses movements for social and political reforms, including constitutional amendments. To achieve success, reformers must consider opportunities and constraints posed by the broader social and political context, make use of available resources, and devise appropriate tactics. All these strategic choices depend upon effective leaders and organizations. When the twenty-eight-year-old Paul assumed the leadership of the militant suffrage campaign, she sought to establish her place among an older generation of remarkable female reformers and activitists: Jane Addams, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Carrie Chapman Catt, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Florence Kelley, Mary Church Terell, Lillian Wald, among many others. Historians like Anne Firor Scott have called attention to the "extraordinary efflorescence of female leadership" in this era, and a rich literature in women's history has examined these leaders' lives and legacies. Paul's work in the militant suffrage campaign is one of the most notable examples of successful leadership in the "age of reform," and yet her role has never received similarly sustained appraisals. This chapter focuses, in particular, on two important features of her strategy: her use of a passionate politics relying on emotional appeals for recruitment, mobilization, persuasion, and contention; and her commitment to unruly defiance, through the party accountability campaigns and wartime acts of civil disobedience. Rather than simply describe these tactics and their results, this chapter instead draws on recent scholarship examining the role of leadership style and organizational form in social movements — what one scholar has called "strategic capacity" — in order to explore how these strategies were chosen and implemented, and to assess the strengths and weaknesses of Paul's approach.
Misguided Relief: The Real Property Tax Addition to the Standard Deduction

A recent temporary addition to the standard deduction distributes a limited tax benefit to a subset of nonitemizing taxpayers based on real property tax payments. The provision sacrifices some of the standard deduction’s simplicity, costs more than a billion dollars annually and makes inequitable distinctions. Congress should fail to renew it.
Sleep-related injuries in the U.S. Army, 1984-1991.

U.S. Army Safety Center files for the years 1984-1991 were searched for ground accidents involving sleeping soldiers. There were 68 incidents which could be so categorized, 53 of which resulted in injuries and 15 in fatalities. The average cost to the Army, adjusted to 1991 dollars, was $8,300 for each injury and $61,900 for each fatality. The injured required an average 24.6 days of lost duty time for recovery. The incidents most commonly occurred when soldiers slept near vehicles and less commonly when they slept in designated "safe" areas. With improved guidance and training, such accidents could be reduced.
Economic Development and Education of the Female Population: A Cross-National Investigation

This article examines the empirical relationship of GNP/capita as an indicator of economic development and the education of women. Several indicators of female participation in first-, second-, and thirdlevel education are used for 162 countries and territories of the world. The findings suggest that economic development has a positive effect on female education for many countries. Quadratic relationships explain significantly more of the variance than linear relationships for median educational attainment, student enrollment ratios at the second level, and the proportional participation of females in third-level education. Cubic relationships explain significantly more of the variance than either quadratic or linear relationships for economic development and first-level education and the proportional participation of females as graduates from third-level education in the field of education. Economic development is a weak predictor of the integration of females as third-level graduates in the important fields of engineering and agriculture.
Setting the Handicap in Billiards. A Numerical Investigation

(1973). Setting the Handicap in Billiards. A Numerical Investigation. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 119-127.
Gaining Sector Exposure in Europe

Investors can gain sector exposure in Europe with portfolio trades, exchange-traded funds, swaps, and futures. There are different factors investors should consider in choosing among these strategies, although the market impact of each strategy is similar because intermediaries usually use sector portfolio trades to facilitate a sector strategy. The main differences in performance arise because of holding costs. For each strategy, the after-tax dividend return can be different, a result that may outweigh additional costs such as management fees. Four different cases for long-term and short-term investors looking for long-and short-term exposure illustrate the trade-off between the costs and benefits of each strategy.
Reasoning about multi-agent domains using action language C: a preliminary study

This paper investigates the use of action languages, originally developed for representing and reasoning about single-agent domains, in modeling multi-agent domains. We use the action language C and show that minimal extensions are sufficient to capture several multi-agent domains from the literature. The paper also exposes some limitations of action languages in modeling a specific set of features in multi-agent domains.
Preliminary Study of the Distribution Profile of Arsenic in Sediment Column of High-arsenic Groundwater System at Jianghan Plain

Three boreholes with the depth of 30 m were drilled and collected representative geotechnical samples at different depths(sample spacing within the single-hole 2 m) for laboratory analysis.Arsenic content in the sediment core samples was investigated with DDC-Ag method.Results show that the content of arsenic in the study area is ranged from 1.500 mg/kg to 17.289 mg/kg,which is fairly similar to modern loose sediment arsenic concentration of 5~10 mg/kg.The maximum arsenic content exists in the soil layer,while the minimum arsenic content exists in the sand layer,which indicates that the arsenic content in the sediment samples is closely associated with the lithologic structure.
Antimicrobial Drug R&D

David M. Shlaes' excellent article (“New Antibiotics—Government Intervention Versus Market Forces, Microbe, February 2007, p. 56) underscores the urgent need to develop new anti-infective therapeutics. He emphasizes the importance of government incentives for pharmaceutical discovery and advanced development, and notes that until the creation of the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority within the Department of Health and Human Services in December 2006, “none of the (federal) agencies (had) the specific competence or desire to become or to establish all those coordinated activities that are embodied within pharmaceutical companies (from basic science through manufacturing and marketing).” The need to coordinate pharmaceutical development through FDA licensure is addressed in the Department of Defense Chemical and Biological Defense Program (CBDP).
Water Temperature Affects Susceptibility to Ranavirus

The occurrence of emerging infectious diseases in wildlife populations is increasing, and changes in environmental conditions have been hypothesized as a potential driver. For example, warmer ambient temperatures might favor pathogens by providing more ideal conditions for propagation or by stressing hosts. Our objective was to determine if water temperature played a role in the pathogenicity of an emerging pathogen (ranavirus) that infects ectothermic vertebrate species. We exposed larvae of four amphibian species to a Frog Virus 3 (FV3)-like ranavirus at two temperatures (10 and 25°C). We found that FV3 copies in tissues and mortality due to ranaviral disease were greater at 25°C than at 10°C for all species. In a second experiment with wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus), we found that a 2°C change (10 vs. 12°C) affected ranaviral disease outcomes, with greater infection and mortality at 12°C. There was evidence that 10°C stressed Cope's gray tree frog (Hyla chrysoscelis) larvae, which is a species that breeds during summer-all individuals died at this temperature, but only 10% tested positive for FV3 infection. The greater pathogenicity of FV3 at 25°C might be related to faster viral replication, which in vitro studies have reported previously. Colder temperatures also may decrease systemic infection by reducing blood circulation and the proportion of phagocytes, which are known to disseminate FV3 through the body. Collectively, our results indicate that water temperature during larval development may play a role in the emergence of ranaviruses.
Social Science Methodology: Propositions: General Criteria

The logic of historical thought is not a formal logic of deductive inference. It is not a symmetrical structure of Aristotelian syllogisms, or Ramean dialectics, or Boolean equations. Nor is it precisely an inductive logic, like that of Mill or Keynes or Carnap. It consists neither in inductive reasoning from the particular to the general, nor in deductive reasoning from the general to the particular. Instead, it is a process of adductive reasoning in the simple sense of adducing answers to specific questions, so that a satisfactory explanatory “fit” is obtained … History is, in short, a problem-solving discipline. A historian is someone (anyone) who asks an open-ended question about past events and answers it with selected facts which are arranged in the form of an explanatory paradigm. –David Hackett Fischer The foregoing passage, drawn from Fischer's classic, Historians ' Fallacies , proposes that history is a problem-solving exercise. Why did the Roman Empire fall? What factors accounted for the industrial revolution in Europe? Who assassinated John F. Kennedy? History is the study of such questions, just as sociology is the study of a rather different (though not unrelated) set of questions. Arguably, every field and subfield within the social sciences takes its cue from a set of core questions. Anthropology, economics, history, political science, psychology, and sociology are all problem-solving disciplines, in this minimal sense. But where do these questions come from? What distinguishes a good question from a bad or uninteresting one?
Modulation of Intracellular Second Messengers by Dietary Fat during Colonic Tumor Development

Marked differences in the incidence of colon cancer in populations migrating from low to high risk areas suggest that environmental factors, specifically dietary factors, play an important role in the etiology of colon cancer.1,2 Dietary fat has received considerable attention as a possible risk factor in the etiology of colon cancer. A proposed hypothesis regarding the induction of colon cancer suggests that fats increase the amount of bile acids in the colon, which in turn are metabolized to secondary carcinogens to promote the growth of adenomas and subsequently invasive cancer.3 Moreover, the amount and type of fat in the diet directly affects the concentration of free fatty acids, eicosanoids and diacylglycerols in the colonic lumen which can influence colonic intracellular second messengers and modify the risk of colon cancer development.4,5,26,93 In comparison, dietary fiber is postulated to reduce the adverse effects of certain fats through several mechanisms, including dilution of carcinogens, decrease in transit time, reduction in fecal pH, chemical binding, and alteration in microflora metabolism6,7. However, experiments in animal models using a variety of fats and fibers have produced conflicting results. In some studies, fiber failed to protect,8,9 and in others, fat failed to promote colon carcinogenesis.10 The interpretation of this data is made even more complicated by the fact that different types of dietary fiber and fat may affect colon carcinogenesis in an interactive site-specific manner.11
Building Teacher Teams Evidence of Positive Spillovers From More Effective Colleagues

Student peer effects are well documented; however, we know far less about peer effects among teachers. We hypothesize that a relatively effective teacher can positively affect the performance of hi...
Henry VIII in The Tudors: Romantic Renaissance Warrior or Soap Opera Playboy?

Henry VIII is both the main character and the central problem of The Tudors.1 While creator/writer Michael Hirst’s selection of Jonathan Rhys Meyers to portray Henry may appeal to a young audience, it is awkward otherwise. Meyers looks nothing like Henry. His spare physique inhibits discerning viewers from suspending disbelief and leads to unintentional comedy, notably when wrestles with Francis I (Emmanuel Leconte), who is a full head taller. In early episodes Meyers’ youth is an advantage; however, he never ages significantly save for a sparse beard and an unconvincing grayish tint to his hair, and he remains thin, unlike the morbidly obese older Henry, because he refused to wear a fat suit. As for acting, his only concessions to the king’s advancing years are an occasional limp and his inexplicable adoption in Season Four of a choked Scots accent. Meyers is not a bad actor, but he is miscast, Henry mischaracterized, and the history of his reign often misrepresented. Nor does Meyers compare favorably with stronger cast members, notably Maria Doyle Kennedy as Catherine of Aragon, Natalie Dormer as Anne Boleyn, Sam Neill as Wolsey, and Jeremy Northam as More, all gone by the end of Season Two. Without the dramatic tension between Catherine and Anne and with an overall weaker cast and script, Seasons Three and Four are less engaging, and this affects Meyers’ Henry. Overall, his portrayal is a significant departure from traditional representations, yet The Tudors is so popular that Meyers’ hip but diminutive monarch could become the new popular image of Henry.2
Auditing's Involvement in Initial Public Offering Success

We examine two audit attributes that may contribute to a successful initial public offering (IPO). We define success as an IPO firm that reaches the capital markets. We find that the existence of a high quality (Big 5) auditor and the absence of a going concern audit report are positively associated with the completion of the IPO process, particularly for medium and small firms. Our results are robust after controlling for the endogeneity between auditor selection and the presence of high quality underwriters and venture capitalist. Consistent results were also noted when examining only firms with a high probability of receiving a going concern opinion and those successful IPOs that were difficult-to-place in the market. Finally, withdrawn firms were found to shed their Non-Big 5 auditors and going concern audit reports prior to re-emerging in the capital markets.
Squeezing of Ion Populations and Peaks in Traveling Wave Ion Mobility Separations and Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations Using Compression Ratio Ion Mobility Programming.

In this work we report an approach for spatial and temporal gas-phase ion population manipulation, wherein we collapse ion distributions in ion mobility (IM) separations into tighter packets providing higher sensitivity measurements in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS). We do this for ions moving from a conventional traveling wave (TW)-driven region to a region where the TW is intermittently halted or “stuttered”. This approach causes the ion packets spanning a number of TW-created traveling traps (TT) to be redistributed into fewer TT, resulting in spatial compression. The degree of spatial compression is controllable and determined by the ratio of stationary time of the TW in the second region to its moving time. This compression ratio ion mobility programming (CRIMP) approach has been implemented using “structures for lossless ion manipulations” (SLIM) in conjunction with MS. CRIMP with the SLIM-MS platform is shown to provide increased peak intensities, reduced peak widths, and improved signal-t...
Dielectric loss of polymer films at cryogenic temperatures

With the current interest in cryogenic superconducting cables, there has been a demand for low loss dielectrics so that insulator losses do not become greater than the conductor losses.1 Since not much is known about the losses of polymer films at cryogenic temperatures, selection of a suitable insulation system for a superconducting power cable being designed by Brookhaven National Laboratory has been a major problem. We are working cooperatively with Brookhaven to evaluate polymer films for dielectric loss at cryogenic temperatures to aid in the selection process. Together, we have designed and built a dielectric cell suitable for use at cryogenic temperatures. The cell is designed to be used over the entire audio frequency region and at any temperature from liquid helium temperature to room temperature so that any losses can be studied as to their origin.
Polyarginine and its analogues inhibit p53 mutant aggregation and cancer cell proliferation in vitro

Arginine, a cationic amino acid is known to stabilize proteins under harsh conditions. It is widely used to stabilize protein aggregation, and to correct protein folding during protein production. Hence it would be a good therapeutic candidate for treating protein aggregation related diseases. Recent reports suggest, that the aggregation of tumor suppressor protein p53 is one of the leading causes of tumor progression. When mutated, p53 protein aggregates, loses its function leading to unwanted cell growth and ultimately results in tumor. Here in this study we focus on the inhibitory effects of polyarginine and its analogues polyornithine, canavanine, and citrulline on the inhibition of p53 mutant peptide aggregation, and p53 mutant cancer cell proliferation inhibition in vitro. Biochemical assays and cell toxicity studies were used to characterize the study. The results show that polyarginine, and polyornithine, in micromolar concentrations, significantly inhibits p53 conserved peptide aggregation, and the cell proliferation of p53 mutant cancer cells. Hence they could be promising candidates for treating p53 mutant/misfolded protein aggregation associated cancer.
Removing vessel constriction on the embryonic heart results in changes in valve gene expression, morphology, and hemodynamics.

BACKGROUND The formation of healthy heart valves throughout embryonic development is dependent on both genetic and epigenetic factors. Hemodynamic stimuli are important epigenetic regulators of valvulogenesis, but the resultant molecular pathways that control valve development are poorly understood. Here we describe how the heart and valves recover from the removal of a partial constriction (banding) of the OFT/ventricle junction (OVJ) that temporarily alters blood flow velocity through the embryonic chicken heart (HH stage 16/17). Recovery is described in terms of 24- and 48-hr gene expression, morphology, and OVJ hemodynamics. RESULTS Collectively, these studies show that after 24 hr of recovery, important epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) genes TGFsRIII and Cadherin 11 (CDH11) transcript levels normalize return to control levels, in contrast to Periostin and TGFs,3 which remain altered. In addition, after 48 hr of recovery, TGFs3 and CDH11 transcript levels remain normalized, whereas TGFsRIII and Periostin are down-regulated. Analyses of OFT cushion volumes in the hearts show significant changes, as does the ratio of cushion to cell volume at 24 hr post band removal (PBR). Morphologically, the hearts show visible alteration following band removal when compared to their control age-matched counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Although some aspects of the genetic/cellular profiles affected by altered hemodynamics seem to be reversed, not all gene expression and cardiac growth normalize following 48 hr of band removal. Developmental Dynamics 247:531-541, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Set shifting and visuospatial organization deficits in body dysmorphic disorder

Individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) over-attend to perceived defect(s) in their physical appearance, often becoming "stuck" obsessing about perceived flaws and engaging in rituals to hide flaws. These symptoms suggest that individuals with BDD may experience deficits in underlying neurocognitive functions, such as set-shifting and visuospatial organization. These deficits have been implicated as risk and maintenance factors in disorders with similarities to BDD but have been minimally investigated in BDD. The present study examined differences in neurocognitive functions among BDD participants (n = 20) compared to healthy controls (HCs; n = 20). Participants completed neuropsychological assessments measuring set-shifting (Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery Intra-Extra Dimensional Set Shift [IED] task) and visuospatial organization and memory (Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test [ROCF]). Results revealed a set-shifting deficit among BDD participants compared to HCs on the IED. On the ROCF, BDD participants exhibited deficits in visuospatial organization compared to HCs, but they did not differ in visuospatial memory compared to HCs. Results did not change when accounting for depression severity. Findings highlight neurocognitive deficits as potential endophenotype markers of clinical features (i.e., delusionality). Understanding neuropsychological deficits may clarify similarities and differences between BDD and related disorders and may guide targets for BDD treatment.
Primary or Redo Posterior Sagittal Anorectoplasty without a Stoma: To Feed or Not to Feed?

Introduction Repair of anorectal malformations (ARMs), primarily or with a reoperation, may be performed in certain circumstances without a diverting stoma. Postoperatively, the passage of bulky stool can cause wound dehiscence and anastomotic disruption. To avoid this, some surgeons keep patients NPO (nothing by mouth) for a prolonged period. Here, we report the results of a change to our routine from NPO for 7 days to clear fluids or breast milk. Materials and Methods After primary or redo ARM surgery, patients given clear liquids were compared to those who were kept strictly NPO. Age, indication for surgery, incision type, use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line, and wound complications were recorded. Results There were 52 patients, including 15 primary and 37 redo cases. Group 1 comprised 11 female and 15 male patients. The mean age at surgery was 4.9 years (standard deviation [SD]: 2.3). There were 8 primary cases and 18 redo cases. Twelve (46.6%) received a PICC line. The average start of clear liquids was on day 5.3 (SD: 2.2) after examination of the wound, and the diet advanced as tolerated. The first stool passage was recorded on average on day 2.3 (SD: 1.3). Four minor wound complications and no major wound complications occurred. Group 2 comprised 14 females and 12 male patients. The mean age at surgery was 3.5 (SD: 2.4) years. There were 7 primary and 19 redo cases. One (3.8%) patient required a PICC line. A clear liquid diet was started within 24 hours after surgery. A regular diet was started on average on day 5.8 (SD: 1.3). The first stool passage was recorded on an average of day 1.6 (SD: 0.9). Three minor wound complications occurred; however, there was no significant difference between the two groups (SD: 0.71). One major wound complication occurred. However, there was no significant difference in major wound complications between the groups (SD: 0.33). Conclusion No increase in wound problems was noted in children receiving clear liquids or breast milk compared with the strict NPO group, and PICC line use was reduced. We believe this change in practice simplifies postoperative care without increasing the risk of wound complications.
Can introduction of palliative care limit ICU, emergency and hospital admissions in severe COPD?

Morbidity/mortality in severe COPD are comparable to that of lung cancer. End-of-life in COPD is associated with high use of medical ressources. Palliative care is seldom proposed. Aim of study: impact of palliative care on hospital, ICU and emergency ward admissions. Methods: Pilot RCT; 2 parallel groups; 1 year period. Intervention: monthly early palliative care consultation (EPCC) at home added to standard care (SC). Patients: MMSE>23; stage III or IV COPD (GOLD criteria) and/or long term oxygen therapy (LTOT) and/or home mechanical ventilation (HMV) and/or > 1 hospital admission in previous year for exacerbation. Mood and anxiety (HAD), HRQL (SF-36), ESAS symptom scales and completion of advance care directives (AD) also measured. Results: 49 patients included of 315 screened (mean age: 71±8; 23 men; FEV1: 37±14% predicted; COPD Assessment Test (CAT): 19.4±7.3; 88% had a CAT>10; 26 EPCC/23 SC). Smokers: 44 (90%), 16(33%) active; LTOT and/or HMV: 34 (69%). 36 (73%) hospitalised in previous year. 8 died during study. HAD>10: for anxiety: 13 (26%) ; for depression: 8 (16%). SF-36: decreased for Vitality (36±20), General Health (35±21), and Physical functioning (28±20). There was no effect in the EPCC group on Hospital, ICU or emergency admissions (P>0.05). Both groups improved quality of life (SF-36 and CAT) 3 and 6 months after inclusion; no group effect and no effect overtime after 6 months. No effect of EPCC on mood and anxiety (HAD). Number of ADs completed during study was higher in the EPCC than in the SC group (12 vs 6; P=0.06). Conclusion: In this pilot study, EPPC did not impact on the predefined outcomes. Possible explanations:number of cases and degree of care already provided
A new model for simulation of scattered EM fields from a conducting cylinder in rotation and translation using static data

Simulation of the rotation and translation of a very good conducting cylinder upon the backscattered field of an incident plane wave (H-wave) is investigated using the Franklin transformation and the Lorentz transformation. It is seen that both phase and magnitude of the backscattered field are affected during the movement (rotation and translation) of the very good conducting cylinder. FEKO is used to generate static backscattered field data of the complex object, and then this data is inserted into the proposed model to demonstrate simulation of rotation and translation. Also, this result is compared with the analytical method.
Management of Advanced Heart Failure Patients

The incidence of heart failure (HF) patients in the USA is estimated to be around six million, with half a million new cases adding each year) [1, 2]. It is associated with high symptom burden, frequent hospital admissions, diminished quality of life, high costs, and remains the leading cause of death in the USA [3, 4]. It is expected that 70–80 % of patients younger than age 65 will die within 8 years of their HF diagnosis, despite the availability of new medical and surgical options [2]. The evolution of HF in patients is typically characterized by acute crises or exacerbations followed by periods of stability lasting for months or even years. However, these patients are 6–9 times more likely to die of sudden cardiac death than the general population [2]. Several tools are available to help assess the prognosis in advanced HF patients: some are single-item predictors (such as the B-type natriuretic peptide [5], maximal oxygen consumption [6], creatinine level [7], other multivariable models (such as the Seattle Heart Failure Score [7] and the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE)) [8]. Similarly multiple prognostic factors are associated with increased likelihood of death in advanced HF, especially when coexistent: frequent emergency department visits or hospitalizations, symptoms at rest, dependency in activities of daily living, weight loss ≥ 10 %, albumin 2.5 g/dL, ejection fraction < 20 %, symptomatic arrhythmia, prior cardiopulmonary resuscitation, prior syncope, and embolic stroke. However, even while using these algorithms and other tools, life expectancy remains difficult to predict in advanced HF [3], and this is probably one of the reasons why less than 12 % of these patients benefit from hospice care [4].
Chest Trauma: Blunt Aortic and Cardiac Trauma

Blunt chest trauma may result in serious and potentially life threatening injuries to heart and great vessels. Appropriate imaging is required to rule out these injuries. (1) Several findings on chest x-ray concerning for aortic injury have been described, and presence of these findings mandates CT for further characterization, which is the current standard for evaluation of the thoracic aorta. In contrast, cardiac contusion may be difficult to diagnose with imaging modalities, and evaluation should focus on physiologic parameters, with the employment of echocardiography in the presence of clinical abnormalities.
Stimulation of spinal δ-opioid receptors attenuates the exercise pressor reflex in decerebrate rats

A reflex arising from contracting hindlimb muscle is responsible in part for the increases in arterial pressure and heart rate evoked by exercise. The afferent arm of this reflex comprises group II...
Intellectual Property Rights and Ethnobiology: An Update on Posey's Call to Action

Following the 1988 International Congress of Ethnobiology, at which the Belem Declaration had been adopted, Darrell Posey published a global call to action for researchers and policy makers to address outstanding issues related to the protection of Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) (1990a). ILK protections are today largely treated as a matter of intellectual property rights, a field whose global political landscape has undergone intense regulation and critical scrutiny since the time at which Posey was writing. This paper provides an update on the state of intellectual property policy as it relates to the “just compensation” of Indigenous and local communities, while also addressing how global bodies and various national governments have grappled with Posey's suggestions. Additionally, we highlight how the shortcomings of national and international policy to address outstanding issues related to intellectual property have affected cultural, ecological, and biological conservation. In conclusion, an update to Posey's suggestions is offered in light of the Belem +30 Congress (August 7–10, 2018) and of ongoing developments in intellectual property policy.
Introduction: National Security and Defense Strategy

Newly available sources in China provide an opportunity to revisit the origins and development of China’s intervention in the Korean War. Our search explores new trends in the geopolitical history of modern East Asia with an emphasis on Chinese perspectives. It elucidates China’s position in the Korean War as not peripheral but, in many key senses, central. It identifies some non-Cold War factors, which were as important as international Cold War factors. These China-centered factors were, and still are, in the DNA of Chinese national defense and security concerns. Traditional and realistic, they were among the most important factors for Mao Zedong and many other Chinese rulers, including Ming and Qing emperors, to make decisions to go to wars in Korea.
Identifying Critical 21st-Century Skills for Workplace Success: A Content Analysis of Job Advertisements.

This article extends the literature on 21st-century learning skills needed for workplace success by providing an empirical examination of employers’ direct communication to potential employees via ...
Tinkerers Ever to Chance: Engineers, Computers, and the Rise of Probablistic Thinking

Historians of scientific thought and philosophy have emphasized during the Enlightenment a shift from chance-based medieval thought to probability-based modern thought. They have not, however, focused on the technology that makes the implementation of such thought possible. At the same time, historians of computing have emphasized the rise of mechanical calculators—predecessors of modern computers—in this same period, but only in reference to solving practical problems arising from increasingly complex societies. This paper will draw on the two different streams of historical thought to show how the rise of probability and statistics and the rise of mechanical calculating devices were inextricably linked in complex ways.
Heavy quark expansion for heavy-light light-cone operators

We generalize the celebrated heavy quark expansion to nonlocal QCD operators. By taking nonlocal heavy-light current on the light-cone as an example, we confirm that the collinear singularities are common between QCD operator and the corresponding operator in heavy quark effective theory (HQET), at the leading power of $1/M$ expansion. Based on a perturbative calculation in operator form at one-loop level, a factorization formula linking QCD and HQET operators is investigated and the matching coefficient is determined. The matching between QCD and HQET light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs) as well as other momentum distributions of hadron can be derived as a consequence.
The Value of Second-Opinion Consultation in Nongynecologic Cytopathology.

Objectives The value of consultation in pathology has been well documented in surgical pathology, but there are few comprehensive studies of consultation cases in cytopathology. Here we report our experience with cytopathology consultation cases at a large academic center. Methods A review of consultation cases at our institution was performed by searching our laboratory information system. The contributing institution's diagnosis was compared with that rendered by the reviewing cytopathologist to assess major and/or minor diagnostic discrepancies. Results In total, 928 cases were reviewed with the following distribution: fine-needle aspiration (FNA, 79.4%), exfoliative nongynecologic cytology (18.3%), and cases with both FNA and nongynecologic cytology (2.3%). There were 379 (40.8%) true consults and 549 (59.2%) confirming consults. A total of 586 (63.1%) cases were in agreement with the outside pathologist, 78 (8.4%) cases had major discrepancies, and 264 (28.4%) cases had minor discrepancies. Major discrepancies were most common for pancreas (38.5%), lymph node (11.5%), and soft tissue sites (9.0%). Conclusions Of the cases, 8.4% had major diagnostic discrepancies between the original diagnosis and the consultation diagnosis, which is consistent with reported values in surgical pathology consultation studies. The findings support the importance of second-opinion consultation in cytopathology to guide patient care.
Broken Truth on the Ocean Floor

In lieu of an abstract, below is the essay's first paragraph. "The following paper will confuse you; there are several seemingly unrelated themes starkly juxtaposed throughout. The topics are thrown together in seemingly random order to mimic what we see on television everyday coverage of genocide in Rwanda immediately followed by Michael Jordan in Hanes boxers. The world is far more confusing than this paper." This original essay is available in Verbum: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/verbum/vol3/iss1/4