cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Nanoconfined Supercooled Liquids

Near their glass transition temperature T(g), supercooled liquids display dramatic changes regarding the dynamics if subject to geometrical restrictions on the scale of 2 to 200 nm. Confinement-induced shifts of T(g) of 25 K have been reported, equivalent to relaxation times that differ by several orders of magnitude compared with the bulk liquid at the same temperature. Both acceleration and frustration of structural relaxations have been observed, and the effects can depend strongly on the physical and chemical properties of the interface, on soft versus hard confinement, and on the size and dimensionality of the confining topology. This review attempts to extract a unifying picture from the past 20 years of diverse observations that involve experiments, simulations, and model considerations.
Open Source Precision Timed Soft Processor for Cyber Physical System Applications

Modern processor architectures sacrifice timing predictability to improve average performance. Branch prediction, out-of-order execution, and multi-level cache hierarchies complicate accurate execution time estimates. The timing demands of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) have led some to propose new processor architectures, including Precision Timed (PRET) processors, which simplify analysis of execution time by removing the sources of indeterminacy. This paper presents an open source PRET processor for use in CPS applications based on the Open Fire soft processor clone of the Xilinx Micro Blaze. By interleaving instructions from multiple threads onto the pipeline all data dependencies are removed. Because of this, and with all instructions completing in identical time, accurate execution time calculations are possible. In an FPGA implementation the PRET modifications significantly improve overall throughput with only a modest increase in area.
A computationally efficient engine for flexible intrusion detection

Pattern matching for network security and intrusion detection demands exceptionally high performance. This paper describes a novel systolic array-based string matching architecture using a buffered, two-comparator variation of the Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) algorithm. The architecture compares favorably with the state-of-the-art hardwired designs while providing on-the-fly reconfiguration, efficient hardware utilization, and high clock rates. KMP is a well-known computationally efficient string-matching technique that uses a single comparator and a precomputed transition table. Through the use of the transition table, the number of redundant comparisons performed is reduced. Through various algorithmic changes, we enable KMP to be used in hardware, providing the computational efficiency of the serial algorithm and the high throughput of a parallel hardware architecture. The efficiency of the system allows for a faster and denser implementation than any other RAM-based exact match system. We add a second comparator and an input buffer and then prove that the modified algorithm can function efficiently implemented as an element of a systolic array. The system can accept at least one character in each cycle while guaranteeing that the stream will never stall. In this paper, we prove the bound on the buffer size and running time of the systolic array, discuss the architectural considerations involved in the FPGA implementation, and provide performance comparisons against other approaches.
'Argus': the programming language and system

Summary form only given, as follows. Argus is a programming language and system designed to support the construction and maintenance of distributed programs: programs in which models reside and execute at communicating, but geographically distinct, nodes. In addition, Argus is intended to support a class of applications in which the manipulation and preservation of long-lived, on-line, distributed data is important. The language addresses the writing of robust programs that survive hardware failures without loss of distributed information and that provide highly concurrent access to that information while preserving its consistency. Several new linguistic constructs are provided; among them are atomic actions, and modules called guardians that survive node failures. >
Prohibitin regulates TGF-beta induced apoptosis as a downstream effector of Smad-dependent and -independent signaling.

Prohibitin (PHB), a protein located on the inner mitochondrial membrane and nuclei, is an intracellular effector of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling in prostate cancer cells. This study investigated the involvement of PHB in the apoptosis and survival outcomes of human prostate cancer cell to TGF-β. shRNA PHB loss of function in prostate cancer cells led to enhanced apoptotic response to TGF-β via Smad-dependent mechanism. TGF-β activation of Raf-Erk intracellular signaling, led to PHB phosphorylation, decreased inner mitochondrial permeability, and increased cell survival. Calcein-based immunofluorescence studies revealed the functional involvement of PHB in maintaining inner mitochondrial membrane permeability as an integral component of TGF-β induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Our results demonstrate that induction of TGF-β apoptosis is mediated by Smad-dependent and Smad-independent signaling (MAPK) converging at PHB as a downstream effector regulating inner mitochondrial permeability. Putative PHB associated proteins were identified by subjecting TGF-β treated cells to immunoprecipitation with anti-PHB, and mass spectrometry. A screen for the kinase specific phosphorylation sites of PHB revealed three protein kinase (PKC) binding sites. Our results demonstrate that TGF-β led to upregulation of the PKC inhibitor 14-3-3 protein and promoted its association with PHB, while PHB association with PKC-δ, was inhibited by the MEK1 inhibitor, documenting a critical interdependence between the MEK-ERK signaling and prohibitin phosphorylation. These findings suggest a dual role for PHB as a downstream determinant of the cellular response to TGF-β via Smad-dependent pathway (apoptosis) and MAPK intracellular signaling (survival).
Managing major vessel injuries with a Fogarty catheter during chest re-opening in children

Injury of structures, leading to a major bleeding during chest opening, is a severe and potentially life-threatening complication, especially in redo cardiac surgery, both in adults and children. In three paediatric redo operations performed via midline sternotomy, we managed this complication successfully and uneventfully by using an inflated Fogarty catheter to plug the blood leak from the injured vessel before repairing the lesion under direct vision in a bloodless surgical field. Herein we report in detail the technique used and a comment on our experience.
U.S. space strategy

Following the formal announcement of a national space strategy in August, President Ronald Reagan is moving ahead on many of his administration's declared objectives for strengthening the U.S. role in space-based research and space exploration. Possibly the most significant long-term aspect of the administration's national space strategy is its emphasis on international cooperation. While the U.S. space program in the 1960s and 1970s was fueled by intense competition in the race to be the first to put a man on the moon, it may very well be characterized through the beginning of the next century by the spirit of international collaboration. The national space strategy calls for “increased international cooperation in civil space activities,” particularly in the “development and utilization” of the space station. In addition, in late October, President Reagan announced the possibility of a joint U.S.-Soviet simulated space rescue mission. In his statement, Reagan said that the U.S. “is prepared to work with the Soviets on cooperation in space in programs which are mutually beneficial and productive.”
New drugs and devices in the pipeline for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction versus heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Heart failure (HF) is a growing problem in the USA and other industrialized nations. HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) each make up approximately half of the overall HF burden. Although a variety of medical and surgical therapies exist for the treatment of patients with HFrEF, morbidity and mortality remain high, and cardiac transplantation, considered the current gold standard for patients with HFrEF and severe symptoms, is reserved for relatively few eligible patients. Patients with HFpEF have more limited therapeutic options, because no medical therapy to date has been shown to improve survival in these patients. With the rising prevalence of HF and its increasing role in health care expenditure, there is a substantial need for new drug and device therapies for HFrEF and, in particular, HFpEF. This forms the topic of the current review.
Thermal modeling of hybrid concentrating PV/T collectors with tree-shaped channel networks cooling system

Excess temperatures in concentrating photovoltaic (PV) modules can lead to electrical efficiency loss and irreversible structural damage. Therefore, designing an appropriate cooling system is necessary to increase the lifetime and performance of concentrating PV modules. The basic design considerations for cooling systems include low and uniform cell temperature, minimal pumping power, high PV electrical efficiency and system reliability. In this paper, a 3D multi-physics computational model for a hybrid concentrating photovoltaic/thermal (HCPV/T) water collector is developed and implemented using the commercial FEA software COMSOL™. The collector consists of a solar concentrator, 40 silicon cells connected in series, and a tree-shaped channel cooling system with heat-recovery capability. Laminar flow and conjugate heat transfer through the tree-shaped branching channel cooling networks is investigated. The temperature profile along the cells is determined for different cooling strategies. Comparisons are made of the thermal and electrical operating conditions, such as the silicon cell temperature, electrical efficiency, and total pressure drop in the collector incorporating a tree-shaped channel network with a collector having a straight parallel channel cooling array. For the same total convective surface area and pressure drop (15Pa) in both configurations, the tree-shaped channel cooling networks yield a 10°C lower maximum cell temperature and a more uniform temperature distribution between the cells. In addition, the temperature distribution obtained in the collector with the tree-shaped channel cooling system reduces the ‘current matching problem’ between the cells along the flow direction and reduces the thermal stresses significantly, thus increasing the reliability of the system.
Structural diversity, systematics, and evolution of cnidae.

Cnidae are secreted by the Golgi apparatus of all cnidarians and only cnidarians. Of the three categories of cnidae (also called cnidocysts), nematocysts occur in all cnidarians, and are the means by which cnidarians defend themselves and obtain prey; spirocysts and ptychocysts are restricted to a minority of major taxa. A cnida discharges by eversion of its tubule; venom may be associated with the tubule of a nematocyst. About 30 major morphological types of nematocysts are recognized, but no single nomenclature for them is accepted. Function seems not to correlate tightly with morphology—nematocysts of at least some types are used both offensively and defensively. Similarly, it is not clear if morphology correlates with toxicity. Some types of nematocysts are taxonomically diagnostic whereas others are widespread. Nonetheless, an inventory of types of cnidae (the cnidom), with their distribution and size, is an essential component of most taxonomic descriptions. Complicating the taxonomic value of cnidae are the facts that not all members of a species may have the same types of cnidae, even at the same life-cycle stage, and size of nematocysts of a species may vary geographically and with size of individual. The diversity of nematocysts is so great and the features within each major type are so variable that homologies have not been determined. Nematocyst complement, morphology, and size likely reflect both phylogeny and biology; the feedback between the two may confound analysis. Although cnidae are valuable in taxonomy of at least some groups, more understanding of the forces that affect them is needed for their systematic and phylogenetic value to be understood and their potential as indicators of evolution to be realized.
Chemoembolization of liver metastasis from breast carcinoma.

Chemoembolization was performed in eight patients with liver metastasis from breast carcinoma. Five of eight patients had some radiographic regression of the liver tumors, one had stable liver disease, and two had disease progression. Two of four patients with pain showed clinical improvement of their symptoms. Only one patient with radiographic response or disease stabilization subsequently had intrahepatic progression (at 3 months). Five patients developed other metastasis, particularly brain metastasis, at a mean of 4.6 months after first chemoembolization (range, 2–12 months). All patients died within 13 months of treatment, with a mean survival of 49 months from primary diagnosis, 20 months from liver metastasis diagnosis, and 6 months from first chemoembolization.
Updated algorithms improve aerosol detection accuracy

[1] The direct and indirect effects of airborne particles remain among the greatest sources of uncertainty in scientists' understanding of climate change. NASA's Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) has nine cameras that image Earth over a range of viewing angles, each in four wavelength bands, providing global observations of atmospheric aerosols aimed at eliminating some of this uncertainty. But like all orbiting observatories, MISR detectors are unable to be adjusted or improved after launch. Fortunately, the instrument, in a polar obit aboard NASA's Terra satellite, provides only the first link in the data production chain, leaving retrieval algorithms to do the heavy lifting of converting raw data into useful representations of aerosol properties. MISR's algorithms work by finding good matches between the observed radiances and ones simulated for multiple, predefined aerosol types, spanning a range of particle sizes, shapes, brightnesses, and amounts. (Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, doi:10.1029/2010JD014601, 2010)
Minimalism in Governance: Workers’ Compensation in a Southern State

An examination of workers’ compensation in a Southern state suggests a distinctive minimalist approach to governance that imbues both the overall structure of the program and the administration of that program’s components. This article examines this minimalist stance in general and then considers in more detail three separate components of the overall program: the determination of employer suitability for self-insurance, the determination of the appropriateness of medical costs, and the process by which administrative orders are entered awarding compensation for lost work time. For each, the minimalist stance is based on a limited set of simple yet diffuse principles and appears to have significant stability at a very moderate administrative cost. Throughout, the resilience of core program notions is matched by considerable restraint in the application of those notions beyond specific, known contexts.
When Is Asia

Recently, in geography and related disciplines, there has been a call to generate conceptual frameworks from the Global South. Such a call does not imply cataloging the diversity and plurality of the world but rather requires new understandings of relationalities and transformations. In this article, I contribute to these ongoing endeavors by thinking from Asia. In doing so, I interpret Asia not as a bounded geographical location but instead as interconnected space. In particular, I pay attention to how such interconnections reference Asian models of development, thereby creating a politics of futurity. A study of the making of Asian futures allows a broader understanding of the renewal of development in a rearranged south–north world.
Infra red absorption spectra of viruses.

SummaryInfra red absorption spectra have been determined of meningopneumonitis, ornithosis, mumps, and Newcastle disease viruses. The spectra of mumps and Newcastle disease are each distinctly different from that of meningopneumonitis and ornithosis, whereas the spectra of the latter two agents seem to indicate a close interrelationship.
“No-show” phenomena in free recall

In a multitrial free-recall experiment, free-recall Ss were compared with a group of Ss who were instructed that all of the words would not be presented on each trial and that they must recall only the words that were presented. While, in fact, all of the words were consistently presented in both groups, recall performance was depressed in the specially instructed group.
INFERIOR VENA CAVA FILTER PRONG DISLODGEMENT AFTER A STRENOUS EFFORT AT DEFECATION RESULTING IN CARDIAC TAMPONADE

Cardiac tamponade is an emergency caused by damage to the ventricular wall or aorta. We describe a rare case of tamponade caused by an inferior vena cava filter (IVC) prong. 62-year old male with history of dual- IVC, deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism status-post dual IVC filter
Natural language processing in the control of unmanned aerial vehicles

This paper addresses the opportunities and challenges involved in applying natural language processing techniques to the control of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The problem of controlling an unmanned aircraft via natural language inputs is formulated as a feedback control problem. Two implementations of such systems are described. The phraseology of the existing air traffic control language is used as a base command set, and knowledge of air traffic control and airport operations, combined with existing natural language processing techniques, is used to achieve a higher recognition success rate than a traditional natural language processor designed for a more general domain of discourse would. This is the first known attempt at formalizing air traffic control phraseology for use in an unmanned system, and the first known flight of a vehicle controlled by natural language inputs. Outstanding problems and possible directions for future research are described.
DETERMINATION OF CISAPRIDE IN PLASMA BY HPLC AND PHARMACOKINETICS IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS

OBJECTIVE:A rapid HPLC method for determination of cisapride in human plasma was established.METHODS:The plasma samples were alkalined with sodium hydroxide and then were extracted with heptane isoamyl alcohol. The separated organic layer was evaporated to dryness under a stream of nitrogen and analysed by HPLC.The analytical column was μBondapak ODS column(3.9 mm×300 mm,10 μm),the mobile phase was 0.02 mol·L 1 phosphateacetonitrile(47:53,pH7.0),the flow rate was 1.4 ml·min 1 ,the determination wave was 276 nm.RESULTS:The linear range was 0.78～200 μg·L 1 (r=0.9998),the inter and intraday RSD were lower than 6%.CONCLUSION:The method was applied to study the pharmacokinetics of cispride tablet in 10 healthy volunteers.The results showed that C max was(88.2±122) μg·L 1 ,T peak was(1.91±022) h,t 1/2β was (11.0±277) h,AUC was (686.57±10916) μg·L 1
Molecular epidemiological study on viral diarrhea among pediatric patients under five years old in Nanjing,2009-2010

Objective A molecular epidemiological study on rotavirus(HRV),human calicivirus(HuCV),astrovirus(AstV) and adenovirus(AdV) was conducted in stool specimen from patients with diarrhea under 5 years of age in Nanjing Children Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from July 2009 to June 2010,to provide the basic data and theory evidence for prevention and treatment of viral diarrhea.Methods In Nanjing Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from July 2009 to June 2010,300 stool specimens were collected from outpatients under 5 years of age diagnosed as diarrhea.HRV was detected by ELISA,strain characterization was carried out by nested PCR.HuCV (including norovirus and sapovirus),AstV and AdV were detected by RT-multiplex PCR or PCR.Results In the 300 children whose samples were collected,188 patients were boys,112 were girls.The age of children ranged from 1 to 59 months (mean±SD age:10.5±9.2 months).At least one of the four viral agents was found in 60.0% (180/300) of the specimens.HRV,HuCV,AstV and AdV were identified in 37.7%(113/300),23.7% (71/300),4.0%(12/300),and 2.7%(8/300) in 300 specimens respectively.①HRV G3 (38.9%) was the most prevailing serotype,followed by G2 (8.9%).Based on P typing,P[8] (33.6%) was the most common genotype.The most common G-P combination was G3P[8] (15.9%).The incidence of HRV infections peaked from October 2009 to January 2010,HRV was mostly found in children aged from 7 to 12 months.②Of 71 HuCV positive samples,norovirus was detected in 67 cases and sapovirus was detected in 4 cases.HuCV infection peaked in August 2009,and was mostly found in children aged from 7 to 12 months.95.8%(68/71) children aged under 24 months.③Ten of 12 AstV infections occurred from October 2009 to January 2010,and AstV infected children were aged from 2 to 16 months.④Of 8 AdV positive samples,there were seven serotypes:Ad31(2),Ad2(1),Ad3(1),Ad5(1),Ad7(1),Ad12(1) and Ad41(1).AdV infection peaked from January to June in 2010 and was mostly found in children aged from 7 to 12 months.⑤Twenty-three of 300 samples were found positive to more than one viral agent,in which 12 samples contained both HRV and HuCV,and 5 samples contained both HRV and AstV,1 sample contained both HRV and AdV,2 samples contained both HuCV and AstV,1 sample contained both HuCV and AdV,1 sample contained both AstV and AdV,and 1 sample contained HRV,AstV and HuCV.Conclusions The results indicated clearly the impact of viral agents in causing diarrhea in children and the importance of long-term systematic surveillance.HRV was also the most important pathogen,but HuCV,AstV and AdV should be given more attention.
Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate is light-regulated and essential for survival in retinal rods

Phosphoinositides play important roles in numerous intracellular membrane pathways. Little is known about the regulation or function of these lipids in rod photoreceptor cells, which have highly active membrane dynamics. Using new assays with femtomole sensitivity, we determined that whereas levels of phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate were below detection limits, phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI(3)P) levels in rod inner/outer segments increased more than 30-fold after light exposure. This increase was blocked in a rod-specific knockout of the PI-3 kinase Vps34, resulting in failure of endosomal and autophagy-related membranes to fuse with lysosomes, and accumulation of abnormal membrane structures. At early ages, rods displayed normal morphology, rhodopsin trafficking, and light responses, but underwent progressive neurodegeneration with eventual loss of both rods and cones by twelve weeks. The degeneration is considerably faster than in rod knockouts of autophagy genes, indicating defects in endosome recycling or other PI(3)P-dependent membrane trafficking pathways are also essential for rod survival.
Systematic Evolution and Study of UAGN Decoding tRNAs in a Genomically Recoded Bacteria

We report the first systematic evolution and study of tRNA variants that are able to read a set of UAGN (N = A, G, U, C) codons in a genomically recoded E. coli strain that lacks any endogenous in-frame UAGN sequences and release factor 1. Through randomizing bases in anticodon stem-loop followed by a functional selection, we identified tRNA mutants with significantly improved UAGN decoding efficiency, which will augment the current efforts on genetic code expansion through quadruplet decoding. We found that an extended anticodon loop with an extra nucleotide was required for a detectable efficiency in UAGN decoding. We also observed that this crucial extra nucleotide was converged to a U (position 33.5) in all of the top tRNA hits no matter which UAGN codon they suppress. The insertion of U33.5 in the anticodon loop likely causes tRNA distortion and affects anticodon-codon interaction, which induces +1 frameshift in the P site of ribosome. A new model was proposed to explain the observed features of UAGN decoding. Overall, our findings elevate our understanding of the +1 frameshift mechanism and provide a useful guidance for further efforts on the genetic code expansion using a non-canonical quadruplet reading frame.
Revision of failure acetabular components with cementless acetabular components

Outcomes of cemented acetabular components show unacceptably high rates of loosening over the short-term, and increased failure over the long term. The use of uncemented acetabular components with porous coatings and supplemental screw fixation has improved the success rates of revision surgery with bone loss. Intermediate follow-up results of uncemented acetabular components for revision surgery suggest excellent outcomes with superior fixation compared with cemented components. Use of large components that rely on the posterior column and acetabular dome for fixation appear to function satisfactorily, even in a significantly bone deficient acetabulum.
Chemical Plausibility of Cu(III) with Biological Ligation in pMMO.

The mechanisms of dioxygen activation and methane C−H oxidation in particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) are currently unknown. Recent studies support a binuclear copper site as the catalytic center. We report the low-temperature assembly of a high-valent dicopper(III) bis(μ-oxide) complex bearing marked structural fidelity to the proposed active site of pMMO. This unprecedented dioxygen-bonded Cu(III) species with exclusive biological ligation directly informs on the chemical plausibility and thermodynamic stability of the bis(μ-oxide) structure in such dicopper sites and foretells unusual optical signatures of an oxygenation product in pMMO. Though the ultimate pMMO active oxidant is still debated, C–H oxidation of exogenous substrates is observed with the reported Cu(III) complexes. The assembly of a high valent species both narrows the search for relevant pMMO intermediates and provides evidence to substantiate the role of Cu(III) in biological redox processes.
Application of thiolate self-assembled monolayers in selective alcohol oxidation for suppression of Pd catalyst deactivation

Abstract Rapid deactivation often reduces the effectiveness of Pt-group catalysts in the low-temperature aerobic oxidation of alcohols. Here, we report the use of thiolate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as activity promoters in the liquid-phase oxidation of trans-2-hexen-1-ol (HOL) under low air pressure; the oxidation rate was significantly improved, particularly at high conversion, in contrast to the frequently observed activity decrease induced by SAM modification in hydrogenation reactions. Reaction studies indicated that in the regime of low air pressure, catalyst deactivation was mainly caused by the carbonaceous poisons generated from the reaction product 2-hexenal (HAL). Infrared spectroscopy revealed that HAL produced surface residues on Pd that poisoned the catalyst, hypothetically through decarbonylation and dimerization. This poisoning can be suppressed by the SAM modifiers, in a manner that was controllable by varying thiolate surface coverage through use of either 1-adamantanethiol (AT) or 1-octadecanethiol (C18) SAMs.
Observations and modeling of a tidal inlet dye tracer plume

A 9 km long tracer plume was created by continuously releasing Rhodamine WT dye for 2.2 h during ebb tide within the southern edge of the main tidal channel at New River Inlet, NC on 7 May 2012, with highly obliquely incident waves and alongshore winds. Over 6 h from release, COAWST (coupled ROMS and SWAN, including wave, wind, and tidal forcing) modeled dye compares well with (aerial hyperspectral and in situ) observed dye concentration. Dye first was transported rapidly seaward along the main channel and partially advected across the ebb-tidal shoal until reaching the offshore edge of the shoal. Dye did not eject offshore in an ebb-tidal jet because the obliquely incident breaking waves retarded the inlet-mouth ebb-tidal flow and forced currents along the ebb shoal. The dye plume largely was confined to <4 m depth. Dye was then transported downcoast in the narrow (few 100 m wide) surfzone of the beach bordering the inlet at 0.3 m s−1 driven by wave breaking. Over 6 h, the dye plume is not significantly affected by buoyancy. Observed dye mass balances close indicating all released dye is accounted for. Modeled and observed dye behaviors are qualitatively similar. The model simulates well the evolution of the dye center of mass, lateral spreading, surface area, and maximum concentration, as well as regional (“inlet” and “ocean”) dye mass balances. This indicates that the model represents well the dynamics of the ebb-tidal dye plume. Details of the dye transport pathways across the ebb shoal are modeled poorly perhaps owing to low-resolution and smoothed model bathymetry. Wave forcing effects have a large impact on the dye transport.
Code Sec. 1031 Drop-Swap Cash-Outs and Unrecaptured Section 1250 Gain

Drop-swap cash-outs are in the same transaction group as drop-and-swaps and swap-and-drops with one important distinction — at least one member of the exchanging tax partnership takes cash instead of continuing an investment in like-kind property in a drop-swap cash-out. This article describes several different structures that parties can use to effect drop-swap cash-outs, and it explains how the different structures may affect the amount and timing of gain recognized and deferred on the transaction and who recognizes gain currently and who might recognize it in the future. If the exchange property is depreciable, the parties must also consider who will recognize any unrecaptured section 1250 gain and when they will recognize it. The article shows how the structures can affect the allocation of unrecaptured section 1250 gain.
A supervised learning rule for classification of spatiotemporal spike patterns

This study introduces a novel supervised algorithm for spiking neurons that take into consideration synapse delays and axonal delays associated with weights. It can be utilized for both classification and association and uses several biologically influenced properties, such as axonal and synaptic delays. This algorithm also takes into consideration spike-timing-dependent plasticity as in Remote Supervised Method (ReSuMe). This paper focuses on the classification aspect alone. Spiked neurons trained according to this proposed learning rule are capable of classifying different categories by the associated sequences of precisely timed spikes. Simulation results have shown that the proposed learning method greatly improves classification accuracy when compared to the Spike Pattern Association Neuron (SPAN) and the Tempotron learning rule.
SPECIFICITIES OF SYNTHASE KINASES AND PHOSPHATASE FOR THE PHOSPHORYLATABLE SITES IN GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE

ABSTRACT The phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the two primary phosphorylatable sites in skeletal muscle glycogen synthase have been studied. These two sites can be differentiated since one (“trypsin-sensitive”) is rendered soluble in TCA by brief trypsinization whereas the other site (“trypsin-insensitive”) is insoluble. They can also be separated by SDS‡ disc gel electrophoresis of the CNBr 32 p-peptides derived from 32 p-synthase. The first P i per subunit incorporated into synthase by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase goes predominantly (70–80%) into the “trypsin-sensitive” site with only 20–30% into the “trypsin-insensitive” site resulting in a partially glucose-6-P dependent species. The second P i per subunit completes the phosphorylation of the two sites and the formation of synthase D. With the cAMP-independent synthase kinase, the first P i per subunit incorporated into synthase goes into the “trypsin-insensitive” site and results in formation of synthase D. It is concluded that phosphorylation of the “trypsin-insensitive” site determines whether the synthase is glucose-6-P dependent. Dephosphorylation of 32 P-synthase by synthase phosphatase was also studied. The two species of synthase containing 32 P in either the “trypsin-sensitive” or in the “trypsin-insensitive” site (0.7 mole 32 P/90,000 g) were slowly dephosphorylated at the same rate. Synthase which was phosphorylated at both sites (1.5–1.9 moles 32 P/90,000 g) was initially dephosphorylated at a 3- to 4-fold higher rate until the phosphate content approached 1 mole 32 P/90,000 g. During this initial rapid phase of dephosphorylation the phosphatase preferentially removed 32 P from the “trypsin-insensitive” site. It is concluded that the presence of P i in the “trypsin-sensitive” site increases the rate of dephosphorylation of the “trypsin-insensitive” site, thereby enhancing the rate of synthase I formation.
Forecast-Based Anticipatory Frequency Control in Power Systems

The imbalance of load and generation can be significant when large amounts of renewable generation are being integrated in power systems. If not dealt effectively, this uncertainty can result in excessive deviations of frequency and tie-line flows. A model predictive control method, termed anticipatory frequency control, is used with predicted disturbances (e.g., from solar or wind generation) within the conventional automatic generation control (AGC) framework to minimize system frequency and tie-line deviations. The controller is shown to reduce the frequency and tie-line deviations over time in a multiarea test power system when compared with conventional control methods. In addition, the impact of imperfect forecasts and controller objective function weighting on the performance of anticipatory control is carefully examined.
Fast convergence of learning in games (invited talk)

A plethora of recent work has analyzed properties of outcomes in games when each player employs a no-regret learning algorithm. Many algorithms achieve regret against the best fixed action in hindisght that decays at a rate of O(1/'T), when the game is played for T iterations. The latter rate is optimal in adversarial settings. However, in a game a player's opponents are minimizing their own regret, rather than maximizing the player's regret. (Daskalakis et al. 2014) and (Rakhlin and Sridharan 2013) showed that in two player zero-sum games O(1/T) rates are achievable. In (Syrgkanis et al. 2015), we show that O(1/T3/4) rates are achievable in general multi-player games and also analyze convergence of the dynamics to approximately optimal social welfare, where we show a convergence rate of O(1/T). The latter result was subsequently generalized to a broader class of learning algorithms by (Foster et al. 2016). This is based on joint work with Alekh Agarwal, Haipeng Luo and Robert E. Schapire.
Interprofessional Education: A Literature Review and Suggestions for Implementation With Older Adults

Interprofessional education (IPE) is an educational requirement for many health care professions, including speech-language pathology and audiology. Interprofessional approaches to education may be...
Integrating criminological and mental health perspectives on low self-control: A multi-domain analysis

Abstract Purpose Criminological theories of crime, delinquency, and deviancy emphasize the causal role of low self-control whereas models of psychopathology posit a general trait liability, “disinhibition”, contributing to persistent antisocial behavior and substance use. The aim of the current work was to link these compatible perspectives on deviancy through reference to a biobehavioral conceptualization of disinhibition. Methods We examined how the Grasmick et al. (1993) self-control scale, relates to (a) trait disinhibition as indexed by self-report scales, performance on inhibitory-control tasks, and brain reactivity to cognitive stimuli, and (b) a cross-domain index combining measures from these three domains. Results As expected, variation in self-control was robustly associated with antisocial deviance, substance use problems, and measures of disinhibition across measurement domains. Further, a factor analytic model provided compelling evidence that the Grasmick et al. scale operates as a robust indicator within a biobehavioral conceptualization of disinhibition. Conclusions Findings confirm a strong link between self-control and trait disinhibition, and support the view that deficits in self-control have a prominent biobehavioral basis. Research in the areas of criminology and psychopathology can mutually benefit from a focus on influences contributing to variations in self-control, conceptualized as trait disinhibition.
Analysis of Errors in Dictated Clinical Documents Assisted by Speech Recognition Software and Professional Transcriptionists

Importance Accurate clinical documentation is critical to health care quality and safety. Dictation services supported by speech recognition (SR) technology and professional medical transcriptionists are widely used by US clinicians. However, the quality of SR-assisted documentation has not been thoroughly studied. Objective To identify and analyze errors at each stage of the SR-assisted dictation process. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study collected a stratified random sample of 217 notes (83 office notes, 75 discharge summaries, and 59 operative notes) dictated by 144 physicians between January 1 and December 31, 2016, at 2 health care organizations using Dragon Medical 360 | eScription (Nuance). Errors were annotated in the SR engine–generated document (SR), the medical transcriptionist–edited document (MT), and the physician’s signed note (SN). Each document was compared with a criterion standard created from the original audio recordings and medical record review. Main Outcomes and Measures Error rate; mean errors per document; error frequency by general type (eg, deletion), semantic type (eg, medication), and clinical significance; and variations by physician characteristics, note type, and institution. Results Among the 217 notes, there were 144 unique dictating physicians: 44 female (30.6%) and 10 unknown sex (6.9%). Mean (SD) physician age was 52 (12.5) years (median [range] age, 54 [28-80] years). Among 121 physicians for whom specialty information was available (84.0%), 35 specialties were represented, including 45 surgeons (37.2%), 30 internists (24.8%), and 46 others (38.0%). The error rate in SR notes was 7.4% (ie, 7.4 errors per 100 words). It decreased to 0.4% after transcriptionist review and 0.3% in SNs. Overall, 96.3% of SR notes, 58.1% of MT notes, and 42.4% of SNs contained errors. Deletions were most common (34.7%), then insertions (27.0%). Among errors at the SR, MT, and SN stages, 15.8%, 26.9%, and 25.9%, respectively, involved clinical information, and 5.7%, 8.9%, and 6.4%, respectively, were clinically significant. Discharge summaries had higher mean SR error rates than other types (8.9% vs 6.6%; difference, 2.3%; 95% CI, 1.0%-3.6%;P Conclusions and Relevance Seven in 100 words in SR-generated documents contain errors; many errors involve clinical information. That most errors are corrected before notes are signed demonstrates the importance of manual review, quality assurance, and auditing.
Impact of CRFR1 Ablation on Amyloid-β Production and Accumulation in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Stress exposure and the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system have been implicated as mechanistically involved in both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and associated rodent models. In particular, the major stress receptor, CRF receptor type 1 (CRFR1), modulates cellular activity in many AD-relevant brain areas, and has been demonstrated to impact both tau phosphorylation and amyloid-β (Aβ) pathways. The overarching goal of our laboratory is to develop and characterize agents that impact the CRF signaling system as disease-modifying treatments for AD. In the present study, we developed a novel transgenic mouse to determine whether partial or complete ablation of CRFR1 was feasible in an AD transgenic model and whether this type of treatment could impact Aβ pathology. Double transgenic AD mice (PSAPP) were crossed to mice null for CRFR1; resultant CRFR1 heterozygous (PSAPP-R1(+/-)) and homozygous (PSAPP-R1(-/-)) female offspring were used at 12 months of age to examine the impact of CRFR1 disruption on the severity of AD Aβ levels and pathology. We found that both PSAPP-R1(+/-) and PSAPP-R1(-/-) had significantly reduced Aβ burden in the hippocampus, insular, rhinal, and retrosplenial cortices. Accordingly, we observed dramatic reductions in Aβ peptides and AβPP-CTFs, providing support for a direct relationship between CRFR1 and Aβ production pathways. In summary, our results suggest that interference of CRFR1 in an AD model is tolerable and is efficacious in impacting Aβ neuropathology.
Bulk Chemical Composition of Orogenic Andesites

Bulk chemical analyses of andesites are used primarily in two ways to evaluate andesite origins. First, average elemental and isotopic compositions can be used to test genetic hypotheses and to compare volcanic rocks from different areas or ages (between-suite comparisons). Second, variation in the concentration of elements or ratio of isotopes within suites must also be consistent with the differentiation mechanisms proposed (within-suite variations).
Recommendations for Discussing Sexuality After Spinal Cord Injury/Dysfunction in Children, Adolescents, and Adults

Background/Objective: To review the literature and provide a framework for sex education for the child, adolescent, or adult with a spinal cord injury (SCI) or disorder.Methods: Discussion and revi...
Foundry-Enabled High-Power Photodetectors for Microwave Photonics

We report on arrayed germanium-on-silicon waveguide photodetectors for high-power analog applications utilizing the AIM Photonics silicon foundry. Photodetector arrays with two, four, and eight elements reach output powers of −0.4 dBm, 10 dBm, and 14.3 dBm at 18 GHz, 12 GHz, and 5 GHz, respectively. The 4-photodiode array has an output third order intercept point (OIP3) above 20 dBm up to 12 GHz and shows a 5-dB improvement over a single photodiode. An integrated 20 GHz receiver based on a pair of balanced photodiodes and a Mach–Zehnder delay line interferometer is successfully demonstrated in an optical phase-modulated link.
Pragmatic methods to avoid intensive care unit admission when it does not align with patient and family goals.

Summary For patients with chronic, life-limiting illnesses, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) near the end of life might not improve patient outcomes or be consistent with patient and family values, goals, and preferences. In this context, advance care planning and palliative care interventions designed to clarify patients' values, goals, and preferences have the potential to reduce provision of high-intensity interventions that are unwanted or non-beneficial. In this Series paper, we have assessed interventions that are effective at helping patients with chronic, life-limiting illnesses to avoid an unwanted ICU admission. The evidence found was largely from observational studies, with considerable heterogeneity in populations, methods, and types of interventions. Results from randomised trials of interventions to improve communication about goals of care are scarce, of variable quality, and mixed. Although observational studies show that advance care planning and palliative care interventions are associated with a reduced number of ICU admissions at the end of life, causality has not been well established. Using the available evidence we suggest recommendations to help to avoid ICU admission when it does not align with patient and family values, goals, and preferences and conclude with future directions for research.
Beyond high-touch surfaces: Portable equipment and floors as potential sources of transmission of health care–associated pathogens

Efforts to improve environmental cleaning and disinfection typically focus primarily on high-touch surfaces in patient rooms. This review highlights evidence that portable equipment and other shared devices and floors may be underappreciated as sources of dissemination of health care-associated pathogens. Practical approaches to address these sites of contamination are emphasized.
Window-Based Statistical Analysis Of Timing Subcomponents For Efficient Detection Of Malware In Life-Critical Systems

Securing life-critical embedded systems, particularly medical devices, requires both proactive security measures that prevent intrusions and reactive measures that detect intrusions. This paper presents a novel model for specifying the normal timing for operations in software applications using cumulative distribution functions of timing subcomponent within sliding execution windows. We present a probabilistic formulation for estimating the presence of malware for individual operations by monitoring the internal timing of the different components of the system, and we define thresholds to minimize false positives based on training data. Experimental results with a smart connected pacemaker and three sophisticated mimicry malware scenarios demonstrate improved performance and accuracy compared to state-of-the-art timing-based malware detection
Draft Genome Sequence of Multidrug-Resistant Listeria innocua Strain UAM003-1A, Isolated from a Wild Black Bear (Ursus americanus).

ABSTRACT There is currently limited knowledge of the genome sequences of nonpathogenic Listeria species, especially strains from wildlife. Here, we report the draft genome sequence and associated genome information of an antibiotic-resistant Listeria innocua strain, UAM003-1A, isolated from the feces of a black bear in California, USA.
Calibrating personality self-report scores to acquaintance ratings

Abstract By convention in individual personality assessment, scores on self-report questionnaires within ±.5 standard deviations of the mean score for that trait are considered "average," whereas scores outside that range are reported as "high" or "low" levels of the trait. To date, no one has examined how well this convention corresponds to perceptions of low, average, or high trait levels by acquaintances. The present study compares the accuracy of the conventional ±.5 SD cutting scores for low, average, and high trait levels with cutting scores derived from Optimal Data Analysis (ODA; Yarnold & Seltysik, 2005) for 160 participants who completed the IPIP-NEO-300 (Goldberg, 1999; Johnson, 2014) and were rated by acquaintances on the 30 facets and 5 domains of that instrument. In 32 of 35 comparisons, the ±.5 convention was found to be less accurate than the ODA method for deriving cutting scores.
Microscopic conductivity and ultrafast carrier dynamics in molybdenum-based MXenes: THz spectroscopy study

MXenes are a new family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides, nitride and carbonitrides with high conductivity and versatile chemical structures. Here we have used THz spectroscopy to study microscopic conductivity and photoinduced carrier dynamics in two Mo-based MXenes, Mo2Ti2C3Tz and Mo2TiC2Tz. Both exhibit high intrinsic carrier densities (~ 1020 cm-3 in Mo2Ti2C3Tz, and ~ 1019 cm-3 in Mo2TiC2Tz), mobilities, and high conductivities within individual nanosheets. We also observe that optical excitation increases their conductivity, unlike Ti3C2Tz, in which photoexcitation suppresses conductivity for nanoseconds. Vacuum annealing improves the long-range transport of photoinduced carriers and further increases their lifetime, as it results in de-intercalation of water and other species from van der Waals gaps between the nanosheets in the films. High and long-lived photoinduced conductivity suggests Mo-based MXenes a promising candidate for optoelectronic, sensing and photoelectrochemical applications.