cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Combined vitrectomy and glaucoma drainage device implantation surgical approach for complex pediatric glaucomas.

Purpose To evaluate efficacy of combined vitrectomy with posteriorly placed glaucoma drainage device (GDD) in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in children. Methods The medical records of children who underwent vitrectomy with posteriorly placed GDD were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with a minimum of 6 months' follow-up were included. The first eye operated on for each patient was analyzed. Success was defined as IOP of 5–20 mm Hg and no additional IOP-lowering surgery or visually devastating complications. Results A total of 20 patients were included, with the following etiologies: primary infantile-onset glaucoma, 5 (25%); traumatic glaucoma, 3 (15%); Peters anomaly, 3 (15%); microphthalmia, 5 (25%); glaucoma following cataract surgery, 2 (10%); microspherophakia, 1 (5%); and retinopathy of prematurity, 1 (5%). Eyes with corneal opacification (8 [40%]) underwent endoscopic vitrectomy (5 [25%]), concurrent penetrating keratoplasty (3 [15%]) and/or keratoprosthesis surgery (1 [5%]). Mean follow-up was 1.9 ± 1.1 years (range, 6.5-49.2 months). Vision remained stable or improved in 17 eyes (85%). Mean IOP decreased from 27.2 ± 10.1 mm Hg to 14.5 ± 6.8 mm Hg (P Conclusions Combined surgical approach with vitrectomy and posteriorly placed GDD decreased IOP in complex pediatric glaucomas. Further, endoscope-assisted vitrectomy is useful in cases with corneal opacification. Complication rates of this combined procedure appear to be comparable to traditional anterior chamber approach.
Examining the dilemmas of prognostic information disclosure and understanding in those with terminal cancer: In-depth interviews with advanced cancer patients in phase I trials

8516 Background: Timely and accurate prognostic information is essential if patients are to make ethically appropriate medical decisions. Yet, prior research indicates advanced cancer patients (acp...
Uncovering the Special Mathematical Work of Teaching

Helping young people develop mathematical skills, ways of thinking, and identities, and supporting classrooms as equitable communities of practice, entails for teachers a specialized set of instructional skills specific to the domain. This paper argues that, although progress has been made in understanding “mathematical knowledge for teaching,” more study is needed to understand interactive mathematical work of teaching and to orient teachers’ professional education to this dynamic and performative mathematical fluency and activity.
Methods of Study

The objectives of paleocurrent research are the identification, description and interpretation of the current patterns of the past.
ROLE OF THE LIGHT CHAIN IN STUDIES OF LINKAGE OF GENES CONTROLLING IDIOTYPE AND HEAVY CHAIN ALLOTYPE

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a study whose purpose was to determine whether the linkage between idiotype and allotype would still obtain when the second strain used in breeding studies was one of the four strains possessing the unique VK marker. Two such strains have now been investigated: PL/J and C58/J. The data obtained with strain PL mice are reviewed in the chapter together with data in which strain C58/J was used as the second strain in breeding studies with A/J mice. The chapter presents some results obtained with offsprings of F1 mice backcrossed to the corresponding non-A/J strains. In all cases, offsprings lacking the A/J allotype failed to produce significant amounts of the cross-reactive idiotype, and l000 ng gave less than 20% inhibition in the radioimmunoassay in each case. By contrast, all mice that were A/J aliotype–positive produced a significant amount of the cross-reactive idiotype, although in two mice, the values were relatively low.
Introduction to Organic Construction Materials

This chapter explores that there are many types of organic-based materials used in construction, such as adhesives, sealants, paints and coatings, asphalts, and roof covering materials. Different types of polymers constitute such materials. The behavior of these materials during fabrication and exposure to natural elements may be investigated by various physico-chemical techniques. In recent years, thermoanalytical techniques have been used with some success for such studies. The chapter discusses the various types of organic-based materials and polymers that are used in the construction industry. Subsequent chapters present information on the application of thermal techniques for the investigation of these materials. Macromolecules are very large molecules with atoms linked together by covalent bonds. They may be linear chains, branched, or three dimensional networks. Some natural macromolecules, such as those present in biological construction materials, have a very complex structure. However, many synthetic macromolecules have a relatively simple structure being formed by a chemical process called polymerization, which consists in joining together repeating (poly) small units (mers) to form a macromolecule called a polymer.
The Structural Chemistry of Some Complex Oxides: Ordered and Disordered Extended Defects

The examples chosen to illustrate the role of extended defects in structural chemistry are dictated not so much by their practical importance as by the uneven state of existing knowledge and the predilection of the authors. While the systems discussed in this limited space are quite arbitrarily chosen, they do suggest the measure and diversity of structural variety existing in compounds possessing extended defects which occur disordered within a host structure or as an ordered feature of a new structure based on the host.
The Personal and Social Dynamics of Shyness

Pilkonis and Zimbardo provide us with a rich array of new information on the emotion of shyness. Their empirical data improve our conceptualization of shyness and our understanding of its antecedents and its consequences for the individual and his or her social surround.
Self-Reported Marijuana Use Is Associated with Increased Use of Prescription Opioids Following Traumatic Musculoskeletal Injury.

Background:Cannabinoids are among the psychoactive substances considered as alternatives to opioids for the alleviation of acute pain. We examined whether self-reported marijuana use was associated with decreased use of prescription opioids following traumatic musculoskeletal injury.Methods:Our anal
Warum Bestimmung des zentralen Venendrucks

Der zentrale Venendruck ist der Druck des venosen Blutes in Zentimetern Wassersaule kurz vor oder innerhalb des rechten Vorhofs. Der gefundene Wert gibt Auskunft uber das Vermogen des Herzens, das zuruckfliesende, venose Blut weiterzutransportieren. Wahrend dem Arzt der zentrale Venendruck (ZVD) als Richtschnur fur die Behandlung von Risikopatienten mit Verbrennungen, Schock oder Herzinsuffizienz dient, mus die Schwester die notigen Ausrustungsgegenstande kennen und die Durchfuhrung der Messungen beherrschen, um genaue Mesergebnisse fur eine sofortige Behandlung und entscheidende pflegerische Masnahmen zu erhalten. Die Schwester mus es sich zur Regel machen, den Patienten und das Gerat wahrend der Messung sorgfaltig zu beobachten, um seine Sicherheit und eine moglichst geringe Beeintrachtigung seines Allgemeinbefindens zu garantieren.
Decentralization - A Primer on the New Economy

Out of necessity, humans have engaged in centralized thinking since the emergence of tribal societies and throughout urbanization and the industrial revolution. Emerging decentralized technology transcends traditional economic notions of capitalism versus socialism and inaugurates new forms of economic exchange. The author examines the evolution of decentralized solutions for commerce and society as well as associated opportunities and obstacles.
Incremental-Learning-Based Unsupervised Anomaly Detection Algorithm for Terminal Airspace Operations

The terminal airspace system is one of the most complex human-made dynamical systems with a continuously evolving structure. Modern aviation technologies in the terminal airspace record detailed fl...
Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Identification of the Disorder and Management of Psychiatric Symptoms.

Background: The novelty of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, for which somatic treatments have only recently been developed, has led to a lack of information on assessment and treatment of its variable behavioral manifestations. Method: In this article, we discuss 4 challenging cases of anti-NMDAR encephalitis, focusing on the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to identification and management of the disorder and the necessity of close collaboration in the acute hospital setting for management of the behavioral symptoms. Conclusion: The cases we discuss highlight some of the medication and nonpharmacologic treatment strategies that may facilitate management of psychiatric symptoms, both while the medical workup is ongoing and after the diagnosis has been confirmed.
PolicyFlow: Interpreting Policy Diffusion in Context

Stability in social, technical, and financial systems, as well as the capacity of organizations to work across borders, requires consistency in public policy across jurisdictions. The diffusion of laws and regulations across political boundaries can reduce the tension that arises between innovation and consistency. Policy diffusion has been a topic of focus across the social sciences for several decades, but due to limitations of data and computational capacity, researchers have not taken a comprehensive and data-intensive look at the aggregate, cross-policy patterns of diffusion. This work combines visual analytics and text and network analyses to help understand how policies, as represented in digitized text, spread across states. As a result, our approach can quickly guide analysts to progressively gain insights into policy adoption data. We evaluate the effectiveness of our system via case studies with a real-world policy dataset and qualitative interviews with domain experts.
Psychiatric-mental health nursing workforce in 2018: Implications for the future.

Abstract The workforce was examined using the 2018 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses to determine supply characteristics and perspectives of psychiatric-mental health nurses. The study looked at the success in achieving some of the workforce related recommendations of the Future of Nursing. A strong foundation exists for increasing the contributions of psychiatric-mental health nursing to overcoming shortages of mental health professionals and to improving access to mental health care. More work needs to be done to remove regulatory barriers to promote practicing to the extent of knowledge, education and training. Overall, the psychiatric-mental health nursing workforce is primed for the future.
Infant diurnal cortisol predicts sleep

The sleep-wake system is immature at birth and develops in parallel with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, a biological stress system of which the end product is cortisol. Perturbations in one system during infancy can maladaptively influence the maturation of the other system, leading to lasting sleep and cortisol system dysregulation and heightening the risk of enduring health problems. To better understand the early interplay between these systems, we examined whether actigraphy-derived measures of night-time sleep duration and onset were associated with cumulative exposure to cortisol, indexed by hair cortisol concentration, in 12-month-old children. Overall, early sleep onset predicted lower hair cortisol above and beyond sleep duration, family income and chaos experienced at home. Furthermore, both sleep and cortisol levels vary day to day, and temporal dependencies between daily sleep and cortisol regulation are not well understood. Thus, we assessed how the sleep characteristics on a particular evening related to salivary cortisol levels the following day and how daytime and evening cortisol related to the sleep characteristics on the same night. Lower total exposure to cortisol on a particular day was related to longer night-time sleep duration the same night, but not sleep onset. Lower salivary cortisol levels on a given evening related to earlier sleep onset the same night, but not to night-time sleep duration. Sleep duration and onset on a given night were unrelated to total cortisol exposure the following day. Findings suggest that in early development, the day-to-day relation between sleep and cortisol is not bidirectional, but more driven by diurnal cortisol.
Better Together: Long-term Behaviors and Perspectives after a Practitioner-Family Writing Intervention in Clinical Practice.

Background An expressive writing intervention, the Three-minute Mental Makeover (3MMM), was previously associated with reduced stress for practitioners, patients, and families. The goal of this follow-up study was to evaluate long-term use of writing and perspectives after participation in the 3MMM. Methods The original study involved patients and families in the neonatal and pediatric Intensive Care Units, inpatient units, and outpatient clinics of a children's hospital. Health-care practitioners led the intervention, writing concurrently with patients and families using the 3MMM intervention. Follow-up contact by phone was attempted for all original patient/family participants 12 to 18 months after completing the exercise. Practitioners were contacted via email 24 months after the original study. Participants were surveyed about the 3MMM and continued use of writing to cope with stressful situations. Original and follow-up survey responses were compared using the Mann-Whitney test. Results Of the 96 original patient/family members, 61 individuals were reached, remembered the 3MMM, and agreed to participate in the follow-up study. Among the 61 participants, 52 (85%) agreed that the 3MMM had been helpful. Thirty-six (59%) reported using writing to help cope with stress at follow-up, compared to only 23 (38%) at baseline (P = 0.005). The majority of clinicians (87%) also continued to use the 3MMM in clinical practice following the original 3MMM study period and ranked it as both feasible (75%) and worth the time investment (75%). Conclusion The 3MMM demonstrated long-term perceived benefits and behavior changes. Findings provide preliminary support for using the 3MMM in routine clinical practice.
Sacroplasty Augmentation of Instrumented Pelvic Reconstruction After High Sacrectomy: A Technical Case Report.

Background and importance En bloc resection of sacral tumors is the most effective treatment to help prevent recurrence. Sacrectomy, however, can be destabilizing, depending on the extent of resection. Various surgical techniques for improving stability and enabling early ambulation have been proposed. Clinical presentation Here, we report a case in which we use PMMA (poly[methyl methacrylate]) to augment pelvic instrumentation to improve mechanical stability after sacrectomy for en bloc resection of a solitary fibrous tumor. Conclusion We highlight the use of sacroplasty augmentation of pelvic ring reconstruction to provide biomechanical stability without the need for fusion of any mobile spine segments, which allowed for early patient ambulation and no appreciable loss of range of motion or mobility.
Teacher Self-Efficacy, Professional Commitment, and High-Stakes Teacher Evaluation Policy in Louisiana.

Currently, a significant number of states are in the process of implementing a high-stakes teacher evaluation (HSTE) system. In many ways, Louisiana’s teacher evaluation system, Compass, is typical...
WE‐EF‐207‐07: Dual Energy CT with One Full Scan and a Second Sparse‐View Scan Using Structure Preserving Iterative Reconstruction (SPIR)

Purpose: Conventional dual energy CT (DECT) reconstructs CT and basis material images from two full-size projection datasets with different energy spectra. To relax the data requirement, we propose an iterative DECT reconstruction algorithm using one full scan and a second sparse-view scan by utilizing redundant structural information of the same object acquired at two different energies. Methods: We first reconstruct a full-scan CT image using filtered-backprojection (FBP) algorithm. The material similarities of each pixel with other pixels are calculated by an exponential function about pixel value differences. We assume that the material similarities of pixels remains in the second CT scan, although pixel values may vary. An iterative method is designed to reconstruct the second CT image from reduced projections. Under the data fidelity constraint, the algorithm minimizes the L2 norm of the difference between pixel value and its estimation, which is the average of other pixel values weighted by their similarities. The proposed algorithm, referred to as structure preserving iterative reconstruction (SPIR), is evaluated on physical phantoms. Results: On the Catphan600 phantom, SPIR-based DECT method with a second 10-view scan reduces the noise standard deviation of a full-scan FBP CT reconstruction by a factor of 4 with well-maintained spatial resolution, while iterative reconstruction using total-variation regularization (TVR) degrades the spatial resolution at the same noise level. The proposed method achieves less than 1% measurement difference on electron density map compared with the conventional two-full-scan DECT. On an anthropomorphic pediatric phantom, our method successfully reconstructs the complicated vertebra structures and decomposes bone and soft tissue. Conclusion: We develop an effective method to reduce the number of views and therefore data acquisition in DECT. We show that SPIR-based DECT using one full scan and a second 10-view scan can provide high-quality DECT images and accurate electron density maps as conventional two-full-scan DECT.
159 Twin vs. single transfer of IVP Holstein heifer embryos to beef recipients.

Use of sexed semen in conjunction with in vitro embryo production is a potentially efficient means of obtaining offspring of predetermined sex. Here we evaluate a production scheme involving single and bilateral twin transfer of Holstein female embryos to beef cattle recipients. Holstein oocytes were fertilized with the X-bearing fraction of gender-sorted Holstein semen. Cumulus cells were removed with aid of a vortex or microfluidic device (μFD). Half of the vortexed embryos were cultured in KSOMaaBSA (control), as were all μFD embryos. The remaining vortexed embryos were cultured in control medium with 6% avian white yolk (WY). Embryo production and transfer occurred across five replicates. Cows (n = 475) were synchronized using an Ovsynch protocol. They were administered GnRH on Day −9, PGF on Day −2, and GnRH on Day 0. Half of the cows received a CIDR (1.38 g progesterone) with the 1st GnRH injection. The CIDR was removed at the time of PGF treatment. Day 7 Grade 1 blastocysts were transferred fresh 7 days after the 2nd GnRH injection. Control and WY embryos were transferred as ipsilateral singles and bilateral twins; μFD embryos were transferred singly. Pregnancy was diagnosed with ultrasound between 41–46 days and confirmed between 60–90 days; fetal sexing confirmed that 95% of fetuses were female. Effects on embryo survival were analyzed by logistic regression. Chi-square analysis was applied to survival rates. Replication affected embryo survival (P < 0.05). There was no effect of cumulus removal, medium, or CIDR use. Fetal loss between ultrasounds was greater for twin vs. single transfers (30% vs. 15%, respectively; P < 0.01). Probability of embryo survival was estimated to increase ∼0.006 with each increasing day postpartum. Five cases of hydrallantois were detected during the 5th month of gestation for 1 control twin, 1 WY single, and 3 WY twin transfers, originating from 3 replicates. On a production per transfer basis, the proportion of fetuses obtained for single and twin transfers was 30% and 55%, respectively (P < 0.001). Although there was greater embryonic loss for twin compared to single transfers, a higher percentage of cows receiving twins established and maintained pregnancy. Large-scale transfer of IVP Holstein heifer embryos to beef recipients is a feasible production scheme. Table 1. Embryo survival and pregnancy rates
Should We Support the Continuum in Social Work Education? Yes!

(1992). Should We Support the Continuum in Social Work Education? Yes! Journal of Social Work Education: Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 6-10.
Autonomous Knowledge-Based Navigation in an Unknown Two-Dimensional Environment with Convex Polygon Obstacles

Navigation of autonomous vehicles in environments where the exact locations of obstacles are initially know has been the focus of research for two decades. More recently, algorithms for controlling progress through unknown environments have been proposed. The utilization of knowledge-based systems for studying the behavior of an autonomous vehicles presents new challenges for research. A knowledge-driven autonomous system simulation was developed which enabled an autonomous mobile system to move in a two-dimensional, obstacle strewn, environment and to use a simulated ranging/vision sensor to test whether a selected goal position was visible or whether the goal was obscured by one or more of the polygon obstacles. As the mobile system gained information about the location of obstacles, that knowledge is added to the system's knowledge-base. High-level navigation rules were fired when necessary conditions in the knowledge base existed. The necessary low-level computations (eg., vertex visibilities, etc) were, when required within the context of a selected rule, carried or' through appropriate Lisp functions. The knowledge-based program was implemented in the generalized decision-making paradigm, OPS5.
Some remarks on black hole thermodynamics

Two thermodynamic "paradoxes" of black hole physics are re-examined. The first is that there is a thermal instability involving two coupled blackbody cavities containing two black holes, and second is that a classical black hole can swallow up entropy in the form of ambient blackbody photons without increasing its mass. The resolution of the second paradox by Bekenstein and by Hawking is re-visited. The link between Hawking radiation and Wigner's superluminal tunneling time is discussed using two equivalent Feynman diagrams, and Feynman's re-interpretation principle.
NOMA: An Information-Theoretic Perspective

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a potential enabler for the development of 5G and beyond wireless networks. By allowing multiple users to share the same resource (time/frequency/code/space), NOMA can scale up the number of served users, increase the spectral efficiency, and improve user-fairness compared to existing orthogonal multiple access (OMA) techniques. The basic premise behind NOMA in a single-cell network is to reap the benefits promised by information theory for the downlink and uplink transmission of wireless systems, modeled respectively by the broadcast channel (BC) and multiple access channel (MAC). The capacity regions of the BC and MAC have been established several decades ago, and concurrent non-orthogonal transmission is the optimal transmission strategy in both cases. Unlike the single-cell setting, the capacity region of multi-cell wireless networks, commonly modeled by the interference channel (IC), is in general unknown. However, it is known that OMA is suboptimal. This chapter reviews what information theory promises and proposes for NOMA in single- and multi-cell networks with both single- and multi-antenna nodes. Furthermore, relevant physical layer security channel models are proposed and discussed.
Teaching to communicate: The sociolinguistic problem

Adapting to cultural pluralism is a problem in education generally and in the college course in applied communication specifically. Although the profession has made great strides in adapting to a plurality of linguistic competencies, the same cannot be said for communication competencies. There is evidence that students’ socioeconomic background may be an important factor in determining grades in the typical public‐speaking‐oriented applied communication course.
Template Matching in Rotated Images

A rotationally invariant template matching using normalized invariant moments is described. It is shown that if normalized invariant moments in circular windows are used, then template matching in rotated images becomes similar to template matching in translated images. A speedup technique based on the idea of two-stage template matching is also described. In this technique, the zeroth-order moment is used in the first stage to determine the likely match positions, and the second and third-order moments are used in the second stage to determine the best match position among the likely ones.
Implications of reverse cholesterol transport: recent studies.

Abstract Introduction There is a strong epidemiological relationship between high density lipoproteins and atherosclerotic coronary vascular disease (ASCVD). The process of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) has been hypothesized to help explain this relationship. The corollary that raising HDL should reduce ASCVD is also drawn from this relationship. In recent years, the metabolism of HDL has become better understood. A hypothetical process for explaining RCT has been superimposed on the currently understood HDL metabolic pathways. Methods Outline of HDL metabolism and the superimposed RCT process. Literature review of studies of persons with genetic defects, HDL cholesterol raising clinical trials, Mendelian randomization studies and treatments with molecules that mimic HDL. Conclusions Mutation studies of ABCA1, LCAT and SR-B1 genes in humans showed expected variations in HDLC but little association with ASCVD and there was no significant association between HDLC and ASCVD in Mendelian randomization studies. Elevations in HDLC due to treatment with niacin and cholesteryl ester transport protein inhibitors in randomized trials raised HDLC but did not significantly reduce risk of ASCVD. Treatment with molecules that mimic HDL did not seem to reduce ASCVD. Thus, recent evidence does not seem to support RCT as currently proposed. This hypothesis seems to need substantial revision.
The Influence of Nucleotide Sequence and Temperature on the Activity of Thermostable DNA Polymerases

Extension rates of a thermostable, deletion-mutant polymerase were measured from 50°C to 90°C using a fluorescence activity assay adapted for real-time PCR instruments. Substrates with a common hairpin (6-base loop and a 14-bp stem) were synthesized with different 10-base homopolymer tails. Rates for A, C, G, T, and 7-deaza-G incorporation at 75°C were 81, 150, 214, 46, and 120 seconds−1. Rates for U were half as fast as T and did not increase with increasing concentration. Hairpin substrates with 25-base tails from 0% to 100% GC content had maximal extension rates near 60% GC and were predicted from the template sequence and mononucleotide incorporation rates to within 30% for most sequences. Addition of dimethyl sulfoxide at 7.5% increased rates to within 1% to 17% of prediction for templates with 40% to 90% GC. When secondary structure was designed into the template region, extension rates decreased. Oligonucleotide probes reduced extension rates by 65% (5′-3′ exo−) and 70% (5′-3′ exo+). When using a separate primer and a linear template to form a polymerase substrate, rates were dependent on both the primer melting temperature (Tm) and the annealing/extension temperature. Maximum rates were observed from Tm to Tm − 5°C with little extension by Tm + 5°C. Defining the influence of sequence and temperature on polymerase extension will enable more rapid and efficient PCR.
Consistent graphs with signed points

A signed graph is obtained from a graph when each line is given either a positive or a negative sign. We now define a marked graph analogously by signing the points of a graph. In both of these the sign of a cycle is the product of the signs of the lines or points, respectively. In a balanced signed graph or in a consistent marked graph, every cycle is positive. Our object is to investigate consistent marked graphs. It is shown that if such a graph has both positive and negative points, it cannot be highly connected; more precisely, it is not 3-connected. We conclude with a series of constructions which show that a given consistent marked graph can often be reduced to smaller ones.
The quality characteristics of Japanese soybean imports

Abstract This paper estimates the implicit prices of the physical and intrinsic characteristics of soybeans exported by the United States. The results provide some useful information. First, the US grades and standards assigned to a shipment either do not provide information valued by the market or the existence of US grades and standards has resulted in the definition of a standard of quality that is met by all exporters. Second, in Japan there are two identifiable soybean markets — a premium food bean market and a crushing market. The soybeans going into the food market for processing can be identified by their lower oil content, lower percentage of split and damaged beans, and a lower amount of foreign material, as well as smaller shipment sizes.
Myeloid differentiation (MyD)/growth arrest DNA damage (GADD) genes in tumor suppression, immunity and inflammation.

Myeloid differentiation (MyD) primary response and growth arrest DNA damage (Gadd) genes comprise a set of overlapping genes, including known (IRF-1, EGR-1, Jun) and novel (MyD88, Gadd45α, MyD118/Gadd45β, GADD45γ, MyD116/ Gadd34) genes, that have been cloned by virtue of being co-ordinately induced upon the onset of terminal myeloid differentiation and following exposure of cells to stress stimuli. In recent years it has become evident that MyD/Gadd play a role in blood cell development, where they function as positive regulators of terminal differentiation, lineage-specific blood cell development and control of blood cell homeostasis, including growth inhibition and apoptosis. MyD/Gadd are also involved in inflammatory responses to invading micro-organisms, and response to environmental stress and physiological stress, such as hypoxia, which results in ischemic tissue damage. An intricate network of interactions among MyD/GADD genes and gene products appears to control their diverse functions. Deregulated growth, increased cell survival, compromised differentiation and deficiencies in DNA repair are hallmarks of malignancy and its progression. Thus, the role MyD/Gadd play in negative growth control, including cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and in DNA repair, make them attractive molecular targets for tumor suppression. The role MyD/Gadd play in innate immunity and host response to hypoxia also make these genes and gene products attractive molecular targets to treat immunity and inflammation disorders, such as septic shock and ischemic tissue damage.
Graywater processing in recirculating hydroponic systems: phytotoxicity, surfactant degradation, and bacterial dynamics

Abstract Incorporation of human hygiene water (graywater) into hydroponic plant production systems, and subsequent recovery of the water transpired by the plants, is one potential means for water purification and recycling in bioregenerative life support systems under development for long duration space missions. Surfactant phytotoxicity and the potential for growth of human-associated microorganisms were assessed in studies of wheat and lettuce in controlled environmental chambers to provide baseline information for future studies with actual graywater streams. Igepon TC-42 (sodium N-coconut acid-N-methyl taurate), a surfactant designated for use on the International Space Station and a common ingredient of soaps and detergents, was added to plant systems in three different modes: (1) pulse addition of 875 mg m −2 growing area once a day, (2) continuous addition of 875 mg m −2 over the course of a day, and (3) variable addition of 0–3000 mg m −2 d −1 based on plant water demand. The survival of three human-associated bacteria ( Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) in the plant nutrient delivery systems were monitored following introduction 6 (wheat) or 3 (lettuce) days after planting (DAP). Igepon rapidly disappeared (i.e., a half-life of less than 1 h) following an initial adaptation period lasting less than 2 days. Microbial degradation of Igepon was supported by appearance of the degradation intermediate methyl taurine and an increase in the numbers of bacteria able to grow on media containing Igepon as the sole carbon source in the Igepon treated systems relative to the control. Wheat growth was not significantly affected by any of the Igepon treatments, but lettuce yield was significantly reduced in the pulse and continuous treatments. E. coli and S. aureus decreased below detection limits within 3–5 days within the systems, but P. aeruginosa persisted in the rhizosphere, nutrient solution, and nutrient delivery system biofilm for the duration of the wheat (70-day) and lettuce (28-day) experiments.
MO-A-103-01: Nuclear Medicine: Regulatory Guidelines and Computational Methods for Safe Release of Radioactive Patients

Radiation therapy using radioactive materials within the patient, i.e., permanently implanted sealed brachytherapy seeds and unsealed targeted radiopharmaceuticals, is routinely used to treat cancer patients. Radioactive patients may safely be released from radiation safety restrictions when the most exposed person is unlikely to receive more than 5 mSv (500 mrem) according to the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. NUREG 1556 Volume 9 Appendix U Revision 2 presents regulatory guidance that may be used to assure compliance with this limit. This risk‐based approach is a big step forward from the prior activity‐based release criteria. This session will introduce commonly used radiation therapies using internal sealed and unsealed radioactive sources and discuss the criteria and computational methods for the safe release of radioactive patients. Essential components of NRC Part 35 Medical Use of Byproduct Material will also be presented. Learning Objectives: 1. Introduce commonly used radiation therapies involving internally administered radioactive materials 2. Present NRC guidelines and perform the calculations in the regulatory guidance documents 3. Understand the implications and limitation of the release criteria calculation
Abstract 3085: ERα phosphorylation on Ser167 in the development of endometrial cancer

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract. Type I (endometrioid) EC is associated with elevated estrogen signaling. One of the earliest genetic events in human type I EC is loss of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN. Loss of PTEN allows unrestrained activation of the AKT kinase, which, in turn, regulates such key processes as proliferation, survival, cell size, and mRNA translation. We have previously shown, using a Pten+/− mouse model, that the neoplastic lesions develop even in the absence of estrogen, suggesting that there might exist a functional and physiological link between loss of Pten and hormone-independent increased estrogen receptor activity. Previous studies have suggested that AKT can phosphorylate and activate estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) at Ser167, promoting the activation of this nuclear receptor both in vivo and in vitro, even in the absence of ligand. In order to define in vivo the role of ERα phosphorylation on Ser167 in normal endometrial physiology and during neoplastic transformation, we have designed a knock-in approach to introduce the S167A mutation in the mouse germline (ERαA/A). These mice are viable and fertile. We bred ERαA/A mice to Pten+/− mice to test whether ERα phosphorylation on Ser167 is required for the development of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. We found that, at the age of 6 months, the uterus weight of ERαA/A/Pten+/− mice was significantly reduced compared to that of Pten+/− mice. To elucidate whether inhibition of ERα phosphorylation on Ser167 affects cell cycle progression, we analyzed BrdU incorporation in primary cultures of control and ERαA/A endometrial epithelial cells, and found that impairment of ERα phosphorylation on Ser167 leads to a significant reduction of the number of actively proliferating cells. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for this cell cycle impairment, we analyzed by real-time PCR the expression levels of cell cycle-related genes in the uterus of control and ERαA/A mice. Surprisingly, our results indicate that many genes related with the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, like Ccna2 or Ccnb1, and spindle formation, like Plk1 or Tpx2, are deregulated in ERαA/A uteri, compared to wild-type controls. In conclusion, our results indicate that ERα phosphorylation on Ser167 is an obligatory pathway for the development of endometrial lesions consequent to loss of Pten in endometrial cancer, at least in part by affecting the expression of cell cycle genes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3085. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3085
The Challenge of Therapy in the Public Sector

Although many therapists in the public sector might feel overwhelmed, anxious, or defeated by the unpredictable and difficult situations of the patients they encounter, others find a way to feel in...
Associations of the 5‐hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) Receptor 1B gene (HTR1B) with alcohol, cocaine, and heroin abuse

Abnormal serotonergic pathways are implicated in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders including alcohol and drug dependence (abuse). The human 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1B, encoded by the HTR1B (5-HT1B) gene, is a presynaptic serotonin autoreceptor that plays an important role in regulating serotonin synthesis and release. Although there was evidence of associations of the HTR1B gene variants in the etiologies of substance use disorders, negative findings were also reported. To clarify the roles of commonly reported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the HTR1B gene underlying alcohol and drug dependence (abuse), we performed a meta-analysis based on the available genotype data from individual candidate gene-based association studies. Evidence of association was found between the functional SNP -161A>T (rs130058) and alcohol, cocaine, and heroin dependence (e.g., P = 0.03 and odds ratio (OR) = 1.2 (1.02, 1.42) in the combined European, Asian, African, and Hispanic populations). SNP -261T>G (rs11568817) also showed evidence of association but with different directions in Europeans and non-Europeans (e.g., P = 0.0018 with OR = 1.42 (1.14, 1.76) and P = 0.01 with ORs = 0.5 (0.3, 0.85), respectively). This meta-analysis supports the associations of HTR1B -261T>G and -161A>T with alcohol and drug abuse and further investigations are warranted in larger samples.
Effect of weld metal microstructure on the monotonic and cyclic mechanical behavior of tig welded 2091 Al–Li alloy joints

Abstract The effect of TIG welding on the mechanical behavior of Al–Li alloy 2091-T851 has been investigated by means of tensile and fatigue testing. Compared to the base alloy, as-welded joints were found to display significant reductions in both tensile and fatigue strengths and to suffer a drastic degradation in ductility. Such behavior is primarily related to the presence of large elongated R phase precipitates at the weld metal grain boundaries, which leads to intergranular crack propagation through that part of the joint. Substantial microstructural changes, though, can be induced in the weld metal by subjecting the welded joints to a post-weld T6 type heat treatment. This promotes dissolution of the R phase, thus enhancing the tensile properties as well as the fatigue strength, consistent with the predominance of transgranular fracture of the weld metal in the heat treated joints. Finally, the microstructural aspects presented above indicate that the weld metal is plastically more heterogeneous than the base alloy and therefore is expected to work-harden faster, which is borne out by the tensile test results.
Heroin-Dependent Inmates’ Experiences with Buprenorphine or Methadone Maintenance

Methadone and buprenorphine are both efficacious treatments for opioid dependency, but they also have different pharmacological properties and clinical delivery methods that can affect their acceptability to patients. This study was intended to increase our knowledge of heroin-dependent individuals' perceptions of methadone vs. buprenorphine maintenance based on actual experiences with each. The study sample consists of heroin-dependent men at the Rikers Island jail in New York City who were voluntarily randomly assigned to methadone or buprenorphine maintenance in jail. Methadone patients were more likely to report feeling uncomfortable the first few days, having side/withdrawal effects during treatment, and being concerned about continued dependency on medication after release. In contrast, buprenorphine patients' main issue was the bitter taste. All of the buprenorphine patients stated that they would recommend the medication to others, with almost all preferring it to methadone. Ninety-three percent of buprenorphine vs. 44% of methadone patients intended to enroll in those respective treatments after release, with an added one-quarter of the methadone patients intending to enroll in buprenorphine instead. These results reinforce the importance of increasing access to buprenorphine treatment in the community for indigent heroin-dependent offenders.
Finding the Best QoS Path in a Gilbert Channel Network

Many different types of modern wired and wireless communication links can be mathematically described as discrete- time Gilbert channels. In this extended abstract, we present an exact method of calculating the best path in a network of discrete- time Gilbert channels, each of which is defined as a Markov chain with two states. In the "Good" state of the chain, the channel produces no erasure, and in the "Bad" state of the chain, the channel produces an erasure. Our method relies on a modified version of the Dijkstra's algorithm, which we customize to operate on sets of Gilbert channel parameters, instead of real numbers. We prove that the Gilbert channels obeys a certain set of algebraic properties which makes it compatible with our algorithm.
Free response of a system with negative viscous damping and displacement-dependent dry friction damping

A stability analysis is conducted of an autonomous single-degree-of-freedom system damped with negative viscous damping and a displacement-dependent Coulomb friction force. The geometry of the dry friction damping element yields a friction force that grows linearly with the system displacement. The most direct application of this system is in the study of a turbomachinery blade with shroud interfaces designed to achieve this geometry. Recent studies have shown that the damping of systems with this type of displacement-dependent dry friction force resembles linear structural damping and suggests that this arrangement may be an effective means of flutter suppression in these turbine and fan blade applications. For this study, the inclusion of negative viscous damping is used in order to approximate destabilizing aerodynamic forces. An exact analysis is conducted to determine the stability of this autonomous system. Results show that energy losses from the displacement-dependent dry friction damper are large enough to achieve local and even global stability under certain conditions.
Screening and Management of Adult Hearing Loss in Primary Care: Clinical Applications

Hearing loss is one of the most common chronic health conditions and has important implications for patient quality of life. However, hearing loss is substantially underdetected and undertreated. We present clinical cases to illustrate common situations in which primary care physicians may be called on to identify or to manage hearing loss. With the data reported in the companion scientific review as a guide, we present potential answers to important questions pertaining to hearing loss and suggest ways in which primary care physicians can improve the detection, evaluation, and treatment of hearing loss. The cases focus on screening for chronic hearing loss, evaluation of hearing loss, and treatment of patients with presbycusis.
Sex role orientation and power motivation as expressed in female sharing behavior

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the influence of power motivation and sex role orientation on sharing behavior in females. One hundred and thirty female college students were administered the dominance scale from the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, the AS Reaction Study, and the Bern Sex Role Inventory. Scores from the three scales were used to screen subjects according to their level of power motivation and sex role orientation. On the basis of the screening procedure, 40 female subjects were placed in one of four experimental conditions resulting from a factorial combination of power (high or low) and sex role orientation (androgynous or traditional). Then a behavioral measure (i.e. feedback in variation of the Mastermind game) of sharing was recorded. The results showed that sex role orientation affected the frequency of sharing behavior in the power game. However, power motivation per se, as measured by the personality inventories, failed to influence sharing behavior. These res...
Ovarian Structures and Circulating Steroids in Heifers and Lactating Cows in Summer and Lactating and Dry Cows in Winter

Abstract Two experiments compared follicular and luteal development and circulating steroid concentrations from induced luteolysis to ovulation in lactating Holstein cows (n=27; 40.0±1.5kg milk/day) vs. nulliparous heifers (n=28; 11 to 17 mo-old) during summer (Experiment 1), and in lactating (n=27; 45.9±1.4kg milk/d) vs. dry cows (n=26) during winter (experiment 2). All females received PGF 2α 6 d after ovulation and were monitored until next ovulation by daily ultrasound and assay of serum progesterone (P 4 ) and estradiol (E 2 ). Every female was used two or three times. In Experiment 1, lactating cows had high incidence of multiple ovulation (63.5%) compared with heifers (1.3%). Among single ovulators, there was no difference in maximal size of ovulatory follicles between lactating cows and heifers (15.8 vs. 16.5mm, respectively). However, lactating cows had lower peak serum E 2 (8.6 vs. 12.1pg/ml), took longer to ovulate after luteolysis (4.6 vs. 3.8 d), developed more luteal tissue volume (7293.6 vs. 5515.2mm 3 ), and had lower serum P 4 on d 6 after ovulation (2.0 vs. 3.0ng/ml) than heifers (data included multiple ovulators). In experiment 2, multiple ovulations were similar between lactating and dry cows (17.9 vs. 17.2%, respectively). Peak serum E 2 was also similar between lactating and dry cows (7.6 vs. 8.5pg/ml) although lactating cows had larger ovulatory follicles (18.6 vs. 16.2±0.4mm). Lactating cows took longer to ovulate (4.8 vs. 4.2 d), developed more luteal tissue (7599 vs. 5139±468mm 3 ), but had similar serum P 4 (2.2 vs. 1.9ng/ml) compared with dry cows. Therefore, lactating cows had similar or lower circulating steroid concentrations than dry cows or heifers, respectively, despite having larger ovarian structures.