cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Issues concerning Landowner Management Plan Adoption Decisions: A Recursive Bivariate Probit Approach

Despite the likely benefits of having a written forest management plan, a small number of landowners in the United States have the one. A recursive bivariate probit model was used to identify the possible relationship between landowners’ decision to obtain a management plan and their interest in future timber harvesting. Our study results based on recursive bivariate model suggest that landowners having larger land ownerships, longer forest ownership tenure, and higher education were more likely to have a forest management plan and future timber harvesting interest. While the landowners having interest for wildlife management were also interested to have a written management plan, they did not prefer to harvest in future. Study results indicate that written management plan means more than a timber harvesting strategy to landowners in general. Many elderly landowners with a low level of income and less formal education and those having small or medium sized tracts of forestland are less likely to own a written management plan. Therefore, this group requires special attention in various government sponsored forest management related extension activities. Future research on understanding landowner perception behind written management plan is recommended.
Different Paths to Different Feminisms? Bridging Multiracial Feminist Theory and Quantitative Sociological Gender Research

This article examines the limitations of the sociological research on feminist identities and ideologies that ignores the intersection of race and gender. Drawing from multiracial feminist theorizing, the author asks, Is self-identification as feminist a biased indicator of the salience of feminism in African American women's lives? Do women's racial statuses mediate the relationship between particular life events and experiences and the extent to which they embrace feminism? and To what extent are racial differences important when considering what women understand feminism to be? To answer these questions, the author conducted multiple group analyses of structural equation models to analyze data from the 1996 General Social Survey. Her findings are consistent with multiracial feminist theories and suggest a need to rethink traditional approaches to feminist research so that women's differences are no longer marginalized.
DESIGN OF SATURABLE REACTORS FOR APPLICATIONS IN POWER CONDITIONING SYSTEMS

This paper presents the design of saturable chokes for use in power electronics and power conditioning systems. The inductances computed based on the finite-element field solution are compared with the estimated nonlinear inductances from the actual measurements. The results have shown the adequacy of the developed three-dimensional finite-element (FE) simulation. The calculated field solutions are used to assist the quantitative study of the influence of the nonlinear choke air gap on the inductance characteristics for intended application in the choke design.
New Perspectives on Training and Technical Assistance: Moving from Assumptions to a Focus on Quality.

The last decade was a period of radical change in our understanding of organizational performance and culture. A focus on quality has resulted in new ways of discussing and seeking to improve both organizational performance and individual performance. Current personnel training and technical assistance activities in services for persons with severe disabilities tend to be based on assumptions that pre-date these changes. In this article those assumptions are discussed. We review the quality perspective and describe how it changes relationships and roles among managers, direct service staff, and technical assistance and training providers. We believe that the focus on quality is applicable to all social service organizations. However, in this paper, we provide examples of the use of basic quality improvement structures in relation to training and technical assistance as applied primarily to supported employment.
Abstract A130: Spatial and temporal patterns in female breast carcinoma incidence in Pennsylvania, 1985–2004

Objective: The assessment of spatial and temporal trends in breast carcinoma incidence can signal changes in ascertainment, changes in risk, and possibly point to changes in underlying risk factors. It is important to develop geographic maps to identify hot spots where cancer rates, by race and by histologic type, are elevated to better appreciate changes in cancer risk. Methods: Incidence data for breast carcinoma, 1985–2004, was requested from the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry (PCR). Joinpoint regression model was applied to characterize age‐, race‐ and histologic type‐specific breast tumor incidence time trends in Pennsylvania (PA). Geographic Information System methods and spatial analysis is also being applied to these data to detect spatial clusters of diagnosed breast carcinoma in PA. Results: Among whites, age‐adjusted incidence for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) increased significantly from 1985 to 1999 and incidence for lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) slightly increased from 1994 to 2004, although this increase was not significant. Among blacks, age‐adjusted incidence for DCIS and LCIS increased significantly over the entire study period. Age‐adjusted incidence for malignant breast carcinoma slightly decreased from 1997–2004 among blacks but more recently since 2001 has shown a sharp decrease among whites (annual percent change = −3.0). Between 1985 to 2004, for women under age of 40, age‐adjusted incidence of breast carcinoma in situ (DCIS, LCIS, mixed) significantly increased 4.5% and 10.0% annually for whites and blacks, respectively. Incidence for malignant breast carcinoma slightly decreased over the study period. To better define invasive breast cancer risk in PA, spatial clustering analysis performed to identify county‐specific changes in malignant breast carcinoma incidence. This analysis showed significant spatial clustering in Pennsylvania (P=0.024) and the region of increased invasive breast cancer was clustered in seven southeastern counties. Conclusion: Incidence for breast carcinoma in situ increased significantly among women in PA. An increase in invasive breast cancer was identified in seven southeastern counties. Factors responsible for the state‐wide increase in breast carcinoma in situ and the elevated invasive breast cancer incidence in southeastern Pennsylvania should be carefully assessed. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):A130.
Preparing Preservice Teachers for Success in NCLB's Kindergartens: Learning from Experienced Teachers' Strategies for Managing Professional Relationships with Colleagues and Parents

Kindergarten has undergone dramatic changes since the implementation of No Child Left Behind (NCLB) in 2002. The literature on the challenges facing kindergarten teachers as a result of NCLB focuses primarily on curricular and instructional issues; little attention has been paid to NCLB's impact on the relational aspects of kindergarten teaching, such as partnership with parents and collaboration with colleagues. To address this gap, this article presents findings from a recent qualitative study of two veteran kindergarten teachers' challenges managing their relationships with the first-grade teachers at their school and with their students' parents. Participants demonstrated a range of successful strategies for responding to these difficult relational situations. Because many preschool and primary grade teachers are presently facing similar challenges, this study can contribute to teacher educators' ongoing efforts to ensure our programs prepare students to be effective in today's NCLB–influenced classrooms.
Miscible blends of polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate

Solvent-cast films of polycarbonate (PC)/polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) mixtures exhibit a single-phase structure with outstanding optical clarity. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies show a single glass transition in the intermediate blends. However, the blends undergo phase separation upon heating above 240°C. The phase diagram has been established subsequently by means of a cloud point method and is reminiscent of lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in character.
Kierkegaard, subjectivity and paradox: A response to Gregory Schufreider

I am delighted that scholars are beginning to take Kierkegaard seriously as a philosopher rather than as simply a theologian, religious thinker or 'kind of poet'. Gregory Schufreider's critique of my article, "Kierkegaard on Justification of Belief," represents the sort of serious analysis that has been lacking in Kierkegaard scholarship. I welcome his " refutation" as an occasion to bring the debate about Kierkegaard's arguments another step forward. A prefatory note is in order regarding my original article. It was written as a preliminary outline for my dissertation proposal and, as such, lacks some of the support at crucial places which I hope my dissertation supplies. The argument was offered, as stated on p. 92, as an hypothesis to be further explored. Anyone interested in the final development may consult my dissertation, Faith and Reason in the Thought of Kierkegaard (Oxford University, 1977). Here I shall give only the briefest defense necessary for the occasion. Suffice it to say that I think there are problems with the way I stated things in the earlier article, but that I am inclined to support what is essential to it. Hence I will try to defend my position against Schufreider at every major point, while at the same time acknowledging a certain cogency in much of what he says. Schufreider and I agree on much of the essential argument in the Postscript. What we really disagree most about, it seems from Schufreider's critique, is the coherence and validity of the argument as fully given. Schufreider seems to think it is valid. I don't, and my reason for drawing on passages from the Papers was to bring out the inconsistencies that I find embedded in the ideas of the Climacus writings but not stated explicitly. Schufreider writes as though I meant to make sense of Climacus' arguments (he writes that if what I said were true, it would make Kierkegaard's arguments "preposterous" or "confused," as though that significantly counted against my arguments). I don't think Kierkegaard's arguments are coherent. Let me now defend my position against Schufreider's attack as best I
Genetic analysis of testis weight and fertility in an interspecies hybrid congenic strain for Chromosome X.

A hybrid congenic strain, C57BL/6J.SPRET-Hprt(a), carrying 17 map units of Chromosome (Chr) X from Mus spretus on a background of C57BL/6J. has the novel phenotype of low fertility associated with small testis weight. In histological cross-section, many of the tubules in the testes of these congenic mice are empty except for Sertoli cells, while the other tubules appear to be normal. The gene, interspecific hybrid testis weight 1 (Ihtw1) causing this phenotype, has been fine mapped by using the strategy of generating subcongenic strains from recombinants within the congenic region. Genetic and phenotypic analysis of the subcongenic strains has defined a critical region of 1.8 map units for Ihtw1. This region of the genetic map is orthologous to the region on human Chr X containing the gene for the Borjeson-Forssman-Lehman syndrome, an inherited disease in which males show microorchidism.
Safety and effectiveness of ketamine as a sedative agent for pediatric GI endoscopy.

Abstract Background The ideal sedation for children undergoing GI endoscopy remains elusive. After ketamine was introduced as a sedative agent in our GI procedure suite, improved sedation and reduced complications were observed. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of ketamine as a sedative agent for GI endoscopy in pediatric patients. Methods A retrospective cohort study of 402 procedures (EGD, colonoscopy) was performed. Sedation-related complications were defined as hypoxia (oxygen saturation Results Group 1 (midazolam and meperidine) had the highest frequency of complications, most commonly hypoxia. Group 3 (midazolam and ketamine) had the lowest rate of complications (p = 0.001) and the highest rate of adequate sedation, although the difference was not significant (p = 0.07). Conclusions The combination of midazolam and ketamine appears to provide safe and effective sedation for pediatric patients undergoing endoscopy.
No evidence for MUC 1-induced apoptosis.

To the editorWe note the paper of Agrawal et al.1 which, in contradiction to our earlier report (Gimmi et al., 2), could not find evidence of MUC 1-induced apoptosis of T cells.
Single-destination navigation in a multiple-destination environment: a new “later-destination attractor” bias in route choice

People choose different routes depending on the size of the environment. However, the size of the environment is often confounded by cognitive load. The current study in- vestigated whether changes in route choice varied as a func- tion of memory load while keeping the size of the environ- ment constant. Also, a new situation was used: route choice to a single destination as a function of the location of follow-up destinations. Critically, there were two routes of equal length to the first destination. The results showed that route choice to the first destination was influenced by the locations of later destinations. This (new) Blater-destination attractor^ bias is the tendency to take a route to the first destination that begins in the direction of subsequent destinations even when the route to the first destination is logically independent of the locations of subsequent destinations. In Experiment 1, all des- tinations were visible, and the bias was seen for both second and third subsequent destinations. In Experiments 2 and 3, only the first destination was visible, and the locations of the subsequent destinations were indicated on a diagram and had to be remembered by participants. In Experiment 3, the dia- grams were misaligned by 180 degrees. Route choice to the first destination was still influenced by later destinations, but only by the nearer, second destination, and the extent of the bias was reduced as memory load increased. Indications are that differences in route choice between small- and large-scale environments may be due more to cognitive load than to en- vironmental size.
Maize individualized chromosome and derived radiation hybrid lines and their use in functional genomics

The duplicated and rearranged nature of plant genomes frequently complicates identification, chromosomal assignment and eventual manipulation of DNA segments. Separating an individual chromosome from its native complement by adding it to an alien genetic background together with the generation of radiation hybrids from such an addition line can enable or simplify structural and functional analyses of complex duplicated genomes. We have established fertile disomic addition lines for each of the individual maize chromosomes, except chromosome 10, with oat as the host species; DNA is available for chromosome 10 in a haploid oat background. We report on instability and transmission in disomic additions of maize chromosomes 1, 5, and 8; the chromosome 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 9 additions appear stable. The photoperiodic response of the two recovered maize chromosome 1 addition lines contrasts to the long-day flowering response of the oat parents and the other addition lines. Only when grown under short days did maize chromosome 1 addition lines set seed, and only one line transmitted the maize chromosome 1 to offspring. Low resolution radiation hybrid maps are presented for maize chromosomes 2 and 9 to illustrate the use of radiation hybrids for rapid physical mapping of large numbers of DNA sequences, such as ESTs. The potential of addition and radiation hybrid lines for mapping duplicated sequences or gene families to chromosome segments is presented and also the use of the lines to test interactions between genes located on different maize chromosomes as observed for ectopic expression of cell fate alterations.
Commentary: Deep analysis of epistemic frames and passive participants around argumentation and learning in informal learning spaces

Abstract Our commentary first discusses three points of interest highlighted by the current studies in terms of breadth of measured behaviors and characteristics, the commensurability of designs, and the importance and challenge of analyzing learning by passive participants. We then discuss how datamining strategies might be organized to support future research building on these points of interest.
Wiener distributions and white noise analysis

The paper describes the structure of a new space of generalized Wiener functionals,\((D_\infty )^* \), called the Wiener algebra, or space of Wiener distributions, and demonstrates its use in the white noise analysis. The concepts of derivatives and integrals for multi-time parameter generalized stochastic processθ:ℝN→\((D_\infty )^* \) are introduced, and a derivative version of Ito's lemma is proved. The algebraic structure of\((D_\infty )^* \) and its lattice of subspaces is elaborated, and within this framework a generalized version of the Malliavin calculus is presented.
ENHANCING EFFECT OF RABBIT ANTI-HUMAN ANTI-EOSINOPHILIC SERA (AES) ON GRANULOPOIETIC COLONY FORMING UNITS IN CULTURE (CFU-C) OF PATIENTS WITH EOSINOPHILIA

Agranulocytosis with eoisnophilia is known to occur. We examined the in vitro effects of AES on bone marrow (BM) cultures of 2 patients with eosinophilia (immune deficiency, Felty's syndrome - 35% and 60% eosinophilia, respectively) in combination with neutropenia. BM's were cultured in a methyl cellulose system using combinations of human colony stimulating activity (CSA), normal rabbit serum (RS), patient's sera (PS), AES, and α-media (α). Following are the results reported as CFU-C/105 Cells. The results indicate that the addition of AES to CSA enhances the colony forming ability of eosinophilic patients but has no effect on normal controls. In another experiment, the addition of AES to non-adherant marrow cells (lacking CSA) failed to produce colonies, indicating the CSA requirements for the AES “enhancing” effect. The significant increase in CFU-C, promoted by AES, in BM cultures of these patients supports the likelihood of an eosinophile-inhibiting effect on neutrophile production. This suggests a role for eosinophiles in maintaining granulopoietic homeostasis.
Analysis of audio magnetic tapes with sticky shed syndrome by ATR‐FTIR

Audio magnetic tapes that are difficult to play may be affected by a form of degradation called “sticky shed syndrome” (SSS). SSS exhibits physical symptoms during playing such as squealing, not packing tightly on the reel and possible tape material loss during playing. This research investigated attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) to identify spectroscopic markers for SSS in audio magnetic tapes with poly(ester urethane) (PEU) binder layer. This article presents results for applying this technique to 50 audio magnetic tapes from the Library of Congress (LC) collections. This technique and analysis is intended to be used as a tool in identifying audio magnetic tapes with SSS from the mid 1970s through the 90s for improved preservation and to increase workflow in libraries and archives. This ATR-FTIR technique had a success rate of 71% for identifying SSS tapes and 86% for non-SSS tapes. The research also discusses spectral and chemical changes in the PEU binder layer between SSS tapes, non-SSS, and SSS tapes treated by baking including changes in hydrogen bonding of the carbonyl groups. The results support chemical/physical changes occurring in the soft segment of the PEU binder layer of SSS tapes. The absorption ratio of free to hydrogen bonded carbonyl groups was also correlated with SSS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Switches, thresholds and ultrasensitivity

Abstract The ability to turn on and turn off genes and pathways is an essential feature of living systems. The abruptness of such switching devices varies from threshold-type phenomena (ultrasensitive) in which a small change in stimulus level causes a very large change in output to subsensitive responses in which gradual change in output is observed for an extensive change in stimulus. Mechanisms for achieving ultrasensitivity are varied and their costs in energy are discussed.
Androgen activation of the folate receptor α gene through partial tethering of the androgen receptor by C/EBPα

The folate receptor α (FRα) is critical for normal embryonic and fetal development. The receptor has a relatively narrow tissue specificity which includes the visceral endoderm and the placenta and mediates delivery of folate, inadequacy of which results in termination of pregnancy or developmental defects. We have previously reported that the FRα gene is negatively and directly regulated by estrogen and positively but indirectly by progesterone and glucocorticoid. To further investigate hormonal control of this gene and in view of the growing evidence for the importance of the androgen receptor (AR) in endometrial and placental functions, we examined the response of the FRα gene to androgen. Here we demonstrate that the FRα gene is directly activated by androgen. The P4 promoter of the FRα gene is the target of hormone-dependent activation by the androgen receptor (AR) in a manner that is co-activator-dependent. The site of functional association of AR in the FRα gene maps to a 35bp region occurring ∼1500bp upstream of the target promoter. The functional elements within this region are an androgen response element (ARE) half-site and a non-canonical C/EBP element that cooperate to recruit AR in a manner that is dependent on the DNA-bound C/EBPα. Since the placenta is rich in C/EBPα, the findings underscore the multiplicity of mechanisms by which the FRα gene is under the exquisite control of steroid hormones.
Evaluation of the systolic murmur in the elderly

A common clinical entity in the elderly population is the systolic murmur detected during cardiac auscultation. Although it can occur in patients of any age group, the approach to diagnosis differs in the elderly. Two cases are presented which illustrate different pathologic processes that can result in the development of a systolic murmur. The prevalence of this entity in the elderly is highlighted, and a strategy for diagnosis is outlined.
Technology Review Of High-Speed, Thick-Film Laser Trimming

Thick-film hybrid circuits continue to dominate the hybrid circuit market because of their design flexibility, power handling capabilities and low production costs. In their simplest form, thick-film circuits consist of high purity alumina substrates with screen printed, fired resistors and conductors. The resistor materials are usually oxides of ruthemium with conductors of platinum/gold, palladium/gold, or palladium/silver.
Multiple vascular complications due to cervical necrotizing fasciitis

Abstract Cervical necrotizing fasciitis is rarely reported in the literature, particularly in the pediatric population. Reported mortality rates resulting from progressive sepsis and multi-system organ failure are as high as 76% [1]. Mainstays of therapy for necrotizing fasciitis include aggressive, serial surgical debridement of devitalized tissue and antibiotic therapy. Major hemorrhagic vascular complications due to cervical necrotizing fasciitis have never been reported in the medical literature. We report the first case of a child with cervical necrotizing fasciitis who survived after suffering two imminently fatal vascular injuries from his infection.
Effects of experience and comprehension on reading time and memory for computer programs

Abstract The present study investigated the effects of experience and comprehension on reading time, recall and recognition memory for computer programs. Twenty computer science students, who varied along the dimension of experience, were presented with two lists of PL/I computer programming statements. List 1 was a meaningful program and contained programming constructs which all the programmers had used. List 2 was a random list of PL/I statements. Each list was presented four times. More-experienced programmers read the meaningful program faster than less-experienced programmers. Comprehension was positively correlated with recall of the meaningful program. Results from recognition tests revealed a strong positive correlation between comprehension and recognition of meaningful units. Neither experience nor comprehension were related to performance with random information. These results are discussed in terms of elaboration, the concept of knowledge compilation ( Anderson, 1982 ) and the contribution of experience and comprehension to performance.
Hegemony/Counter-Hegemony: Imagining a New, Post-Nation-State Cartography of Culture in an Age of Globalization

The preceding articles make clear that the cultural implications of globalization are nothing if not diverse. It is also clear that determining precisely what these implications may be is driven by...
Structural determinants of 5-HT1A versus 5-HT1D receptor binding site selectivity.

A structure-activity analysis was used to identify selective 5-HT1A versus 5-HT1D receptor agents. An analysis of published data identified 13 drugs which display nanomolar affinity for the 5-HT1A receptor and that have been analyzed at 5-HT1D receptor binding sites. Four agents display greater than or equal to 100-fold selectivity for the 5-HT1A receptor. Two structural features were identified which hypothetically result in selectivity for 5-HT1A versus 5-HT1D binding sites. The linkage of an indole ring to a basic nitrogen atom via the 4 position on the indole ring or the absence of an indole ring are two features which lower the affinity for the 5-HT1D receptor, but do not necessarily lower the affinity for the 5-HT1A receptor. A series of 7 agents (5 indoles, 2 quinolines) was identified which met these hypothetical selectivity criteria. These compounds were then analyzed in radioligand binding studies. These 7 agents display affinities of 1.3-170 nM for the 5-HT1A receptor binding site, and 1,800-13,000 nM for the 5-HT1D receptor binding site. All 7 agents display greater than or equal to 47-fold selectivity for the 5-HT1A versus 5-HT1D site and 4 of the agents are greater than 100-fold selective. Compound No. 1 (N,N'-bis[3-(4-indolyloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl]-(Z)-1,8-diamino-p-meth ane) and compound No. 2 (N8-[3-(4-indolyloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl]-N1-(propioloyl)-(Z)-1 ,8-diamino-p-methane) are the most selective agents yet described for 5-HT1A versus 5-HT1D receptor binding sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Malakoplakia of the colon.

Two new patients with malakoplakia of the colon have been described and 6 previously reported patients reviewed. Malakoplakia of the colon was a severe, debilitating illness in 2 patients and was fatal in 2 others. In the remaining 4 patients, it was an incidental finding associated with a carcinoma in 3 and an adenoma in 1. Histologic criteria for the diagnosis of malakoplakia have been discussed.
The Vibrio cholerae FlgM Homologue Is an Anti-σ28 Factor That Is Secreted through the Sheathed Polar Flagellum

Vibrio cholerae has a single polar sheathed flagellum that propels the cells of this bacterium. Flagellar synthesis, motility, and chemotaxis have all been linked to virulence in this human pathogen. V. cholerae expresses flagellar genes in a hierarchy consisting of sigma54- and sigma28-dependent transcription. In other bacteria, sigma28 transcriptional activity is controlled by an anti-sigma28 factor, FlgM. We demonstrate that the V. cholerae FlgM homologue (i) physically interacts with sigma28, (ii) has a repressive effect on some V. cholerae sigma28-dependent flagellar promoters, and (iii) is secreted through the polar sheathed flagellum, consistent with anti-sigma28 activity. Interestingly, FlgM does not have a uniform repressive effect on all sigma28-dependent promoters, as determined by measurement of sigma28-dependent transcription in cells either lacking FlgM (DeltaflgM) or incapable of secretion (DeltafliF). Further analysis of a DeltafliF strain revealed that this flagellar assembly block causes a decrease in class III (FlrC- and sigma54-dependent) and class IV (sigma28-dependent), but not class II (FlrA- and sigma54-dependent), flagellar transcription. V. cholerae flgM and fliA (encodes sigma28) mutants were only modestly affected in their ability to colonize the infant mouse intestine, a measure of virulence. Our results demonstrate that V. cholerae FlgM functions as an anti-sigma28 factor and that the sheathed flagellum is competent for secretion of nonstructural proteins.
Neutron irradiation of superconducting compounds

Abstract The effects of neutron irradiation on the superconducting and normal state properties of alloys and compounds are presented. Particular emphasis is placed on the A-15 compounds where the effects of neutron irradiation on T c , H c 2 , long range order parameter and lattice parameter are described. Large depressions (up to 80%) in T c are observed for all the A-15 compounds studied with the exception of Mo 3 Os where much smaller decreases in T c are seen. Along with the decrease in T c and increase in lattice parameter, the degree of long range order, as measured by X-ray and neutron diffraction, decreases. Also presented are the results of isothermal and isochronal anneals up to 900°C. The unirradiated value of T c can be restored by annealing, and for those systems where measurements have been made, recovery of the lattice parameter and order parameter also takes place. The effects observed in irradiated material, together with those observed in unirradiated but compositionally variant A-15 compounds, lead us to conclude that the principal defects associated with the depression of T c in both cases are anti-site defects. Other models are also discussed.
The cost:benefit ratio of acute intervention for myocardial infarction: Results of a prospective, matched pair analysis

Abstract Parallel to the increased acceptance of intervention for acute myocardial infarction, there has been a decrease in financial resources and reimbursement. To ascertain the relative cost to benefit of intervention, we evaluated 78 matched pairs of acute myocardial infarction patients from a prospective data base of 507 consecutive patients presenting with infarction from May 1986 to July 1987. The pairs were matched for age (mean 61 years), sex (68% male), and infarct location (43% anterior). Intervention (thrombolytics and/or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty [PTCA]) was only applied to patients at less than 6 hours from symptom onset. Nonintervention patients were subsequently considered for angiography and revascularization (PTCA, coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG]) based on clinical criteria. Clinical outcome was evaluated by in-hospital mortality and uncomplicated status (free of angina, heart failure, or arrhythmias) at 72 hours. Intervention was associated with decreased mortality (5.3% versus 13%, p = 0.16) and increased uncomplicated course (43% versus 19%, p p = 0.50). In conclusion, despite the potential marked incremental expense of technology associated with intervention for acute myocardial infarction, this analysis demonstrates that benefit in clinical outcome can be derived without substantially increased costs.
Thresholds and escalation of antipredator responses in the Chinese salamander Cynops cyanurus: inter- and intra-individual variation

Aspects of the control of antipredator behavior, including short- and long-term response modifications, were examined for the Chinese salamander Cynops cyanurus. Salamanders were tested for their antipredator behavior following repeated contact with the flicking tongue of a predatory snake. In a given trial, a salamander was contacted ten times by the snake and within-trial escalation or reduction in response was monitored. For each salamander, trials were repeated 6 times at 21-day intervals to test for long-term changes in response threshold and extent of escalation, and to identify consistent differences in behavior among individuals. The salamanders were found to escalate their antipredator responses over the ten stimuli within trials. They were significantly more responsive to tongue contacts late in a given trial than to the initial stimuli. They also showed long-term, among-trial decreases in the threshold to initial response and increases in the mean responses to the first tongue contacts. However, there was no significant long-term change in maximum response threshold or in the mean responses to the final tongue contacts. Variation among individuals in thresholds and responses was considerable and was consistent over trials.
Engaging the public in biodiversity issues

To engage people in biodiversity and other environmental issues, one must provide the opportunity for enhanced understanding that empowers individuals to make choices and take action based on sound science and reliable recommendations. To this end, we must acknowledge some real challenges. Recent surveys show that, despite growing public concern, environmental issues still rank below many other problems, such as terrorism, health care, the economy, and (in the U.S.) family values. Moreover, much of the recent upswing in interest in the environment is due to the marked shift in attention to global warming away from other environmental problems such as destruction of ecosystems, water pollution, overpopulation, and biodiversity loss. Such a change in public focus often comes with a tendency to decouple various environmental problems and ignore their synergistic effects. Exacerbating this problem are arguments from the media and other sources that discourage public interest in environmental topics by characterizing the science behind them as overly complex, immersed in debate and controversy, and detached from human interests. Educational programming, media, exhibitions, and other means of public outreach should build on the welcome increase in public interest in global warming by demonstrating the interplay of various environmental disruptions. In the case of biodiversity, the importance of species in providing ecosystem services, natural beauty and pleasure, and sustaining human lives is a message that requires constant attention and recrafting to impact diverse audiences.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS OF RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR MIXING IN CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE

We present multidimensional simulations of the post-explosion hydrodynamics in three different 15 M{sub sun} supernova models with zero, 10{sup -4} Z{sub sun}, and Z{sub sun} metallicities. We follow the growth of the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability that mixes together the stellar layers in the wake of the explosion. Models are initialized with spherically symmetric explosions and perturbations are seeded by the grid. Calculations are performed in two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric and three-dimensional (3D) Cartesian coordinates using the new Eulerian hydrodynamics code, CASTRO. We find as in previous work that RT perturbations initially grow faster in 3D than in 2D. As the RT fingers interact with one another, mixing proceeds to a greater degree in 3D than in 2D, reducing the local Atwood number and slowing the growth rate of the instability in 3D relative to 2D. By the time mixing has stopped, the width of the mixed region is similar in the 2D and 3D simulations provided the RT fingers show significant interaction. Our results imply that 2D simulations of light curves and nucleosynthesis in supernovae that die as red giants may capture the features of an initially spherically symmetric explosion in far less computational time than required by a full 3Dmore » simulation. However, capturing large departures from spherical symmetry requires a significantly perturbed explosion. Large-scale asymmetries cannot develop through an inverse cascade of merging RT structures; they must arise from asymmetries in the initial explosion.« less
Defining neuropsychological dysfunction after coronary artery bypass grafting

Background. Despite the large body of literature documenting the presence of cognitive decline after coronary artery bypass grafting, there is little consensus as to the frequency and extent of cognitive impairment. One potential reason for this lack of agreement is the absence of uniform criteria for assessing cognitive decline. Methods. Two hundred thirty-two patients underwent cognitive testing the day before operation and were examined before discharge, and at 6 weeks and 6 months after grafting. For comparative purposes, five different sets of criteria were used to define cognitive decline. Results. There was little agreement between the criteria as to which patients decline at each test period. The incidence of decline range from 66% to 15.3% before discharge, 34% to 1.1% at 6 weeks, and 19.4% to 3.4% at 6 months. Conclusions. A large variation in reported incidence of cognitive decline after coronary artery bypass grafting can be attributed to the different criteria used to define cognitive impairment.
Pad-Bake Reactions Part I : A New Pad-Bake Reaction of Cellulose and Aqueous Solutions of Amic Acids

A new reaction of aqueous amic acid-cellulose has been found. It has led to a fast, simple, pad-bake process for modify ing cellulose. The structure of the modified reaction product is postulated to be a cellulose half-acid ester.Some comments are made on the mechanism and generality of the reaction. Also mentioned is the possible value of the easily made cellulose half-acid ester derivative as a precursor for subsequent reactions to obtain cellulosic fabrics with improved properties. Specific examples noted are cellulose hemisuccinate, phthatate, maleate, and glutarate.
Changes in interfacial bonding energies in the chemical activation of GaAs surfaces

The bonding chemistry and the role of the additional HCl-based prebonding treatment when combined with ozone and oxygen plasma treatments on the GaAs/GaAs direct bonding were investigated using multiple internal transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (MIT-FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that the additional HCl-based pretreatment led to an increased bonding strength and a qualitative reduction in the void density. The removal of the initial native oxide facilitates the diffusion of water to the GaAs wafer surface where it can react to form primarily Ga-based oxides, leading to a substantially increased bond strength compared to those without the removal of interfacial native oxide.
Quantitative secondary ion mass spectrometry of fluorocarbon polymers

Abstract Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is used to measure quantitatively the thickness of thin (6–160 A) polyperfluoroether films on silicon and gold surfaces. Linear relationship between ellipsometrically measured thicknesses and integrated SIMS signals is demonstrated. Time dependence of SIMS signals indicates that the polymeric films have a uniform thickness down to the thinnest layers studied. In the lower limit, the fluorocarbon polymers have extended, flat conformation due to polymer-substrate interactions. Sputtering yield and effective sputtering depth of oxygen ions are determined for these liquid polymers. It is also shown that organic adsorbates reside between the solid surface and the low surface tension fluorocarbon films.
Discovery of a class of calcium sensing receptor positive allosteric modulators; 1-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-1-phenylethanols

1-(Benzothiazol-2-yl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol (1) was identified as a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the CaSR in a functional cell-based assay. This compound belongs to a class of compounds that is structurally distinct from other known positive allosteric modulators, for example, the phenylalkylamines cinacalcet, a modified analog (13) potently suppressed parathyroid hormone (PTH) release in rats, consistent with its profile as a PAM of CaSRs.
Characterization of intermixing at metal-semiconductor interfaces by angle-resolved Auger-electron emission: Cu/Si(111)-7 x 7.

Si(${L}_{2}$,3VV) and Cu(${M}_{2}$,3VV) Auger intensities from the Cu/Si(111)-7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7 interface have been measured in a polar-angle-resolved fashion for various Cu thicknesses. A simple theory of polar-angle-resolved Auger emission has been developed and used to extract atom-number densities for both Si and Cu as a function of depth. It is found that significant Si outdiffusion is triggered at 300 K by Cu coverage in excess of 2 A\r{} with characteristic diffusion lengths for Si of \ensuremath{\sim}35% of the overlayer thickness. Cu diffusion into the substrate, if it occurs at all, is limited to characteristic penetration depths of 1 to 2 A\r{} for all coverages. The increased extent of Si outdiffusion above 2 A\r{} is accompanied by substantial changes in Cu distribution throughout the interfacial region; at 2 A\r{}, the Cu density increases sharply from interface boundary to surface whereas above 2 A\r{}, the Cu density is constant throughout the interface.
Strake camber and thickness design procedure for low alpha supersonic flow

A procedure for the design of a strake mounted on a large forebody at a typical supersonic cruise condition is described. The design goal is attached flow on the upper surface of the strake at the low lift condition. Strake camber and thickness are systematically varied until an attached-flow, surface-pressure distribution is achieved. The surface pressures are computed by a full-potential solver, NHCOREL, and an empirical guideline is used to prevent leading-edge flow separation
Determinants affecting comprehensive property-level hotel performance: the moderating role of hotel type.

Abstract It is crucial for hotel managers to understand the main drivers of each property's financial performance. This study examines the key antecedents of both service-profit chain frameworks (customer and employee satisfaction) and strategic perspectives (size, customer mix) that influence a comprehensive hotel performance. The findings of this study show that customer satisfaction is a prominent driver of performance and that hotel size and customer mix also have significant effects on performance. This study also examines the moderating effects of hotel type on the following three determinants: customer satisfaction, hotel size, and customer mix and performance. The findings will offer useful insights to hotel chain firms and hotel investors who manage or own a portfolio of different hotel types.
Joint intracapsular disorders: diagnostic and nonsurgical management considerations

This article reviews common intracapsular temporomandibular disorders encountered in the dental practice. It begins with a brief review of normal temporomandibular joint anatomy and function followed by a description of the common types of disorders known as internal derangements. The etiology, history, and clinical presentation of each are reviewed. Nonsurgical management is presented based on current long-term scientific evidence.
Estimates of lead time and length bias in a breast cancer screening program.

Assume that the benefit of screening for breast cancer with a combination of mammography and a clinical examination is measured by comparing the five-year survival rate of women detected by screening to the five-year survival rate of women surface clinically with breast cancer, e.g., to the survival rate of women reported in End Results In Cancer. In this paper a mathematical model is used to estimate the percentage of the observed difference in five-year survival rates between women in these two groups that is due to lead time and length bias. For women detected at an initial screen, the best estimate is that about 50% of the observed difference is due to bias and 50% to earlier detection. However, the percent due to bias may be as low as 20% and as high as 72%. These estimates are relatively insensitive to the age of the women screened. For women detected at a second screen given one year later, the estimated percentage of the observed difference in survival rates between women detected at the screen and a control group that is due to bias is between 33 and 42%.
Human binocular summation at absolute threshold

Abstract Psychophysical data are presented which indicate that the neural inputs of two stimuli presented simultaneously to corresponding retinal areas summate physiologically to lower the binocular absolute threshold. This binocular summation is not present when the stimuli are separated by more than 100 msec or are delivered to noncorresponding retinal areas. A model allowing one to calculate the minimum amount of physiological summation or inhibition that occurs under different conditions is presented.
Approximating nonstationary two‐priority non‐preemptive queueing systems

Presentation d'une approximation pour analyser des systemes d'attente non preemptifs a deux priorites non stationnaires et transitoires
Challenges Facing the Developing Feminist Psychotherapist in Training

Graduate student therapists who self-identified as feminist were asked about challenges they experienced in their training. Therapist responses were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis, represented in content clusters, to provide a rich description of therapists' training experiences. Findings highlight the ways therapists contend with challenges in therapy as influenced largely by their own beliefs about gender. Therapist distress in dealing with prejudicial attitudes from colleagues within their training environments also was reflected in the content themes. This study serves as a framework from which researchers can further examine the training needs of feminist therapists in training.
Mortality benefit of vasopressor and inotropic agents in septic shock: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Abstract Objective The choice of vasopressor in septic shock has been a matter of debate. The purpose of this study was to systematically review overall evidence of vasopressor and inotropic agents in septic shock using a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Methods Databases, including Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant studies. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials that reported mortality rates on the use of vasopressors and inotropes in patients with septic shock. We chose to use 28-day mortality as the outcome assessment criterion. Results Fourteen studies with a total of 2811 patients were included in the analysis. Norepinephrine (NE) and NE + low-dose vasopressin but not epinephrine (EPI) were associated with significantly reduced mortality compared with dopamine. (Odds ratio, 0.80 [95% credibility interval, 0.65-0.99], 0.69 [0.48-0.98], and 0.56 [0.26-1.18], respectively). The addition of an inotropic agent such as dobutamine or dopexamine did not reduce mortality compared with EPI or NE alone. Conclusions Our results support the use of NE with or without low-dose vasopressin as the first-line vasopressor therapy in septic shock. No concrete evidence exists to support the use of EPI over dopamine as the second-line agent or the addition of an inotropic agent.
Carry Groups: Abstract Algebra Projects.

ABSTRACT Carry Groups are a wonderful collection of groups to introduce in an undergraduate Abstract Algebra course. These groups are straightforward to define but have interesting structures for students to discover. We describe these groups and give examples of in-class group projects that were developed and used by Miller.