cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
VERTICAL EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION RECORDS: AN OVERVIEW

Recent research clearly shows the importance of including the vertical component of earthquake ground motion in seismic analysis and design. In addition, pioneering studies [e.g., Elnashai and Papa...
Quantum computing with quantum-dot cellular automata

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), arrays of coupled quantum-dot devices, are proposed for quantum computing. The notion of coherent QCA (CQCA) is introduced in order to distinguish QCA applied to quantum computing from classical digital QCA. Information is encoded in the spatial state of the electrons in the multidot system. A line of CQCA cells can work as a quantum register. The basic single- and multi-qubit operations can be realized by pulses given to the cell electrodes.
Climatology of Persistent Positive Temperature Anomalies for the Contiguous United States (1950-1995)

This study examines spatial patterns in the frequency, duration, intensity, and area of impact of Persistent Positive Temperature Anomalies (PPTAs) across the contiguous United States for the period 1950-1995. These patterns are based on a new definition of PPTAs that uses a statistical deviation measure of daily maximum temperatures from its true mean maximum temperature for each calendar date. This definition of PPTA permits a calculation for PPTA normals that can be uniformly applied across time (seasons) and space. The primary differences in PPTA normals involve the season of occurrence; PPTAs with duration of 15 or more days generally occur in the warm season (May through October) in south-central states centered in Arkansas, while PPTAs occur in the cool season (November through April) in southwestern states centered on the southern tip of Nevada. By this method, the longest PPTA for the period of record occurred at Brownsville, Texas (41 days), from June 12, 1980, to July 22, 1980; and one of the m...
End stopping and length tuning in psychophysical spatial filters

Psychophysical spatial filters or channels are usually modeled after simple-cell receptive fields, although many cortical cells are end stopped and length tuned. Using psychophysical masking, we demonstrate an analog to receptive field end stopping and length tuning in psychophysical spatial filters tuned to a wide range of spatial frequencies. Specifically, masking is maximal when the mask is approximately 5–6 arcmin longer than the target but is reduced when the mask exceeds this length, consistent with the properties of end-stopped cells. The strength and the extent of psychophysical end stopping appear to be determined by the filter’s spatial-frequency tuning, but length tuning varies with target length. The latter implies that spatial filters tuned to the same spatial frequency could have different length tuning and that there is no fixed length-to-width ratio of filter size. Phase effects suggest linear length summation but nonlinear psychophysical end stopping, which suggests that both first- and second-order visual processing is involved in end-stopped spatial filters.
Mimicry and Revival: The Transfer and Transformation of Management Knowledge to India, 1959-1990

This paper examines the early transfer of management knowledge to India, with particular attention to the relationship between the institutional context and the content of management knowledge. It identifies a shift in the relationship with foreign management knowledge, from mimicry to revival, from adopting U.S. models to identifying uniquely Indian equivalents. The initial transfer process encouraged researchers to eventually identify a body of management knowledge recognizably "Indian." The argument is that rather than treating Indian management knowledge as a fixed essence, it should be seen as an active construction, the effect of the initial transfer process and the consequent creation of elite institutions and an academic class.
Reconceptualizing marketing: An interview with Philip Kotler

Abstract Philip Kotler is a name synonymous with the development of marketing as an academic discipline and operational practice over the last three decades. He has published not only the classical texts on the subject, like Marketing Management , but in recent times has added radical new interpretations, like social marketing. In this interview in London with EMJ's editor, Paul Stonham, he recounts some of the major new concepts he has introduced to make the subject a more comprehensive and powerful business tool, reviews the current state of marketing, sometimes said to be in a ‘mid-life crisis’, and makes some hard forecasts about the subject and the direction in which its practitioners are going. Kotler makes the point that ‘marketing’ has at least four meanings. It is important to be clear. Kotler himself has broadened marketing thinking considerably to include non-profit organizations, by searching for the fundamental concept underlying the subject. He goes on to explain some of his new ideas, societal marketing, demarketing, and megamarketing, as steps in this direction of reconceptualizing marketing. The future for marketing is exciting and full of potential change. It must certainly involve market-oriented strategic planning, specifically STP: ‘segmentation, targeting and positioning’. Subsegmentation is another firm trend. Future marketing will be assisted by greater scientific analysis like geodemographics. Kotler sees marketing's so-called ‘mid-life crisis’ as a strength not a weakness — since it is involving a re-examination of our ideas. He considers the corporate organizational aspects of revitalizing marketing, as well as the rapid growth of megaretailers and its associated tidal wave of private brands. Other trends to watch are an emphasis on value marketing and the growth of third-world middle-class markets. Such changes to marketing and the market place have educational implications for new generations of business school students and Philip Kotler spells out four major lessons to be learned.
Understanding the resilience of mail-back survey methods: An analysis of 20years of change in response rates to national park surveys.

Abstract Coverage and response rate challenges facing telephone and internet surveys have encouraged scientists to reconsider mail data collection methods. Although response rates to telephone surveys have declined sharply in the last 20 years, it is unclear how response rates to mail have fared during this time. This study analyzes 179 mail-back surveys of visitors to US National Parks from 1988 to 2007, which used virtually the same administration procedures throughout the period. Results show that response rates, based on only those who initially agreed to return a questionnaire, have remained at a high level with a 76% average while the number of questions and pages steadily increased. Despite this rise in response burden, rates have declined only moderately from about 80% in the late 1980s to about 70% more recently. The roles of additional contacts and survey salience in maintaining high response rates are examined. Results suggest that mail-back surveys for obtaining information from quasi-general public populations remain an effective data collection procedure.
Tracheomalacia and bronchomalacia associated with larsen syndrome

Bronchomalacia has not previously been described in association with Larsen syndrome. In this article, three children with Larsen syndrome are reported. All three patients have tracheomalacia, and one of them has diffuse bronchomalacia diagnosed at flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The patients' symptoms of airway obstruction include stridor, cyanosis, apnea, and recurrent pneumonias. Recognition of these abnormalities may allow the institution of supportive therapy.
Predicting Advertising Pulsing Policies in an Oligopoly: A Model and Empirical Test

Given that firms pulse in advertising, should firms pulse in or out of phase? It is shown that out of phase maximizes the oligopoly profits and is also the Markov perfect equilibrium of the infinite horizon game. The basic intuition for this result comes from the following fact: it is more profitable to increase consideration when the competitor's consideration is lower. Evidence from several product categories seems to support this theoretical result.
Incidence and documentation of cognitive impairment among older adults with severe mental illness in a community mental health setting.

Objective: Cognitive impairments among older adults are commonly linked to poor medical and psychiatric treatment adherence, increased disability, and poor health outcomes. Recent investigations suggest that cognitive impairments are frequently not recognized by healthcare providers and are often poorly documented in medical records. Older adults utilizing services at community mental health centers have numerous risk factors for developing cognitive impairment. Few studies have explored the incidence and documentation of cognitive impairments in this patient population. Methods: Data were collected from 52 ethnically diverse older adults with severe mental illness who were participating in treatment at a large community mental health center. Cognitive impairment was diagnosed by neuropsychologists utilizing the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale-2 (DRS). Measures of depression severity and substance abuse history were also obtained. An age and education corrected DRS total score falling at or below the tenth percentile was used as the criteria for diagnosing cognitive impairment. A medical chart review was subsequently conducted to determine the documentation of cognitive impairments among this patient population. Results: Cognitive impairment was exhibited by 60% of participants and documented in medical charts for 17% of the sample. Conclusions: Preliminary data suggests that cognitive impairment is common in individuals with severe mental illness treated at community mental health centers, but these cognitive impairments are not well recognized or documented. The impact of cognitive impairment on psychiatric treatment and case management among community mental health patients is therefore poorly understood.
Beliefs and Barriers to Follow-up After an Emergency Department Asthma Visit: A Randomized Trial

BACKGROUND: Studies in urban emergency departments (EDs) have found poor quality of chronic asthma care and identified beliefs and barriers associated with low rates of follow-up with a primary care provider (PCP). OBJECTIVES: To develop an ED-based intervention including asthma symptom screening, a video addressing beliefs and a mailed reminder; and measure the effect on PCP follow-up and asthma-related outcomes. METHODS: This randomized, controlled trial enrolled children aged 1 to 18 years who were discharged after asthma treatment in an urban pediatric ED. Control subjects received instructions to follow-up with a PCP within 3 to 5 days. In addition, intervention subjects (1) received a letter to take to their PCP if they screened positive for persistent asthma symptoms, (2) viewed a video featuring families and providers discussing the importance of asthma control, and (3) received a mailed reminder to follow-up with a PCP. All subjects were contacted by telephone 1, 3, and 6 months after the ED visit, and follow-up was confirmed by PCP record review. Asthma-related quality of life (AQoL), symptoms, and beliefs about asthma care were assessed by using validated surveys. RESULTS: A total of 433 subjects were randomly assigned, and baseline measures were similar between study groups. After the intervention and before ED discharge, intervention subjects were more likely to endorse beliefs about the benefits of follow-up than controls. However, rates of PCP follow-up during the month after the ED visit (44.5%) were similar to control subjects (43.8%) as were AQoL, medication use, and ED visits. CONCLUSIONS: An ED-based intervention influenced beliefs but did not increase PCP follow-up or asthma-related outcomes.
Case specificity: empirical phenomenon or measurement artifact?

Measurement error is the variation between measurements of some attribute for the same individual. Simply stated, if we measure the attribute of a single individual many times and plot the results,...
2011 Special Libraries Association Conference

The 2011 Special Libraries Association Annual Conference took place June 12–15 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The conference's theme was “Future Ready,” and it featured a diverse array of programming for information professionals. Following are summaries from four of the conference sessions.
The role of the non-homologous end-joining pathway in lymphocyte development

One of the most toxic insults a cell can incur is a disruption of its linear DNA in the form of a double-strand break (DSB). Left unrepaired, or repaired improperly, these lesions can result in cell death or neoplastic transformation. Despite these dangers, lymphoid cells purposely introduce DSBs into their genome to maximize the diversity and effector functions of their antigen receptor genes. While the generation of breaks requires distinct lymphoid-specific factors, their resolution requires various ubiquitously expressed DNA-repair proteins, known collectively as the non-homologous end-joining pathway. In this review, we discuss the factors that constitute this pathway as well as the evidence of their involvement in two lymphoid-specific DNA recombination events.
Creating an OpenURL resolver

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the benefits of OpenURL in a library setting.Design/methodology/approach – A discussion of how OpenURL was implemented at Dowling College through the creation of a home‐grown resolver. The benefits and potential problems of such a solution are also covered.Findings – OpenURL has made locating the appropriate copy simpler for students and faculty and improved library services, such as reference and interlibrary loan.Originality/value – The paper provides encouragement and ideas for smaller libraries who wish to implement OpenURL but do not have the funds or desire to pursue commercial solutions. It also provides ideas on different services that can be implemented with OpenURL in all libraries.
Conduction in correlated one-dimensional electronic systems.

Motivated by the observation of periodic conductance oscillations in narrow channels, we study finite one-dimensional electronic systems with the following interactions: (i) an exactly solvable 1/${\mathit{x}}^{2}$ potential and (ii) the Coulomb potential with a cutoff, 1/ \ensuremath{\surd}${\mathit{x}}^{2}$+${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}^{2}$ . The study of the 1/${\mathit{x}}^{2}$ model shows that at T=0, d〈N〉/d\ensuremath{\mu} exhibits sharp peaks as a function of chemical potential \ensuremath{\mu}, where 〈N〉 is the average number of particles in the channel. At finite temperatures, the peaks are broadened, but their spacings remain unchanged. We establish that the peaks are equally spaced for a model whose many-particle ground-state energy is quadratic in N, the particle number. We discuss our results for the ground-state energy of the Coulomb potential obtained from a Monte Carlo simulation at T=0 in this context.
Primary Structures and Sedimentary Environments in Dakota Sandstone, Northwestern Colorado: ABSTRACT

Depositional environments in the Dakota Sandstone in northwestern Colorado have been identified by comparisons of primary structures present in both the Dakota and in Recent sediments. Identification also is aided by study of lithologic character, organic content, and geometry of sedimentary units. The Dakota ideally consists of a transgressive sequence which, from base to top, shows the following environments: (1) channel and floodplain, (2) swamp-tidal flat-lagoon, (3) beach, and (4) surf-zone and other shallow sub-littoral deposits. In places the beach and shallow-marine sandstone bodies are absent, and shallow-marine black shale of the overlying Mancos Shale lies directly on tidal-flat sandstone in the Dakota. The sediments of most depositional environments contain one or more significant primary structures. Channel deposits contain high-angle cross-beds in irregular, discontinuous units usually 1 ft. thick or more. These cross-beds are formed on point bars by megaripple migration during flood stages. Floodplain End_Page 2037------------------------------ stratification is regular, parallel, and continuous. Tidal flats are characterized by very thick channel cross-beds, thin irregular beds containing organism burrows and trails, and shale-pebble conglomerate. Beach deposits consist of tabular to wedge-shape bundles of thin, regular, parallel to subparallel to laminae. Surf-zone deposits contain low-angle cross-beds in tabular to irregular, relatively continuous sets 1 ft. thick or less. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2038------------
Perspectives of nutritionists employed at worksites

Abstract We conducted telephone interviews with 13 worksite nutritionists to determine their professional backgrounds, job responsibilities, and views about the directions of nutrition education at the worksite. While the scope of job responsibilities and specific professional backgrounds varied, all but one conducted group workshops on nutrition or weight control. Further, respondents agreed on recommendations for courses to be included in educational preparation, and on projections for the future of nutritionists employed at worksites.
Negative capital and the wealth of nations

The so-called global economy has generated tremendous international wealth inequality that only increases as globalization deepens. This process is capped by the failure of classical economic theory to incorporate such free market externalities as negative capital . Negative capital can be defined as situations, events, or environmental conditions that degrade or threaten to degrade the standard of living or life expectancy of great numbers of persons, including those living in wealthy nations. These problems cut across issues of sovereignty and security, economic development, and the environment. They can be monetized and have value because the rich will have to pay in order to mitigate them, whether at home or abroad. Payment can take many forms, but it will involve a politics of redistribution. Negative capital is a systemic phenomenon “in nature” without which the classical economic theory is both incomplete and notably ideological. A tamed and therefore enlightened free market, that recognizes and addresses negative capital, may be better equipped to resolve the situations created by its inherent inadequacies.
Paleodiet of Extinct Platyrrhines With Emphasis on the Caribbean Forms: Three‐Dimensional Geometric Morphometrics of Mandibular Second Molars

A three-dimensional geometric morphometric approach was employed to examine shape variation in laser-scan generated models of lower second molars and its relationship to diet in a sample of 9 extant and 16 extinct platyrrhine genera. Principal component analysis of twenty-three x,y,z landmarks describing the occlusal table and sidewalls showed that dental relief was the main contributing factor to variation along the first axis. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) of PC 1 scores and centroid size accurately classified extant platyrrhines according to dietary preference; however, without centroid size, the DFA was less successful. Within this framework, most of the fossil platyrrhines, including specimens from Patagonia, Colombia, Brazil, and the Caribbean, were predicted to have had a frugivorous diet, but several taxa were classified as having a frugivorous/insectivorous diet, the middle Miocene Neosaimiri, Patasola, and Laventiana, all from La Venta. Alouattins, including the La Ventan Stirtonia and the Cuban Paralouatta, showed variable classification as either frugivores or folivore/frugivores. Xenothrix, from Jamaica, was classified either as a frugivore or frugivore/omnivore. Dietary profiles across different extinct platyrrhine communities are compared and discussed in a paleoecological context. Anat Rec, 294:2073–2091, 2011. V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The St. Petersburg game and continued fractions

Abstract The St. Petersburg game is a well known example of a sequence of i.i.d. random variables with infinite expectation and was considered as a paradox since no single “fair” entry fee exists. This Note shows how the sequence of continued fraction digits of a random real number makes a reasonable choice of entry fees. Moreover, known results for continued fractions can be obtained for the St. Petersburg game using exactly the same proofs and these results explain exactly how the player is favoured even with a fair entry fee (thus resolving a point made by Aaronson).
A genome-wide association scan for acute insulin response to glucose in Hispanic-Americans: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study (IRAS FS)

Aims/hypothesis This study sought to identify genes and regions in the human genome that are associated with the acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg), an important predictor of type 2 diabetes, in Hispanic-American participants from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study (IRAS FS).
Anatomic variation of the optic strut: classification schema, radiologic evaluation, and surgical relevance.

Objective Anatomic variability of the optic strut in location, orientation, and dimensions is relevant in approaching ophthalmic artery aneurysms and tumors of the anterior cavernous sinus, medial sphenoid wing, and optic canal. Methods In 84 dry human skulls, imaging studies were performed (64-slice computed tomography [CT] scanner, axial view, aligned with the zygomatic arch). Optic strut location related to the prechiasmatic sulcus was classified as presulcal, sulcal, postsulcal, and asymmetric. Morphometric analysis was performed. Results The optic strut was presulcal in 11.9% specimens (posteromedial margin bilaterally anterior to limbus sphenoidale), sulcal in 44% (posteromedial part adjacent to the sulcus's anterior two thirds bilaterally), postsulcal in 29.8% (posteromedial margin posterior to the sulcus's anterior two thirds), and asymmetric (left/right) in 14.3%. Optic strut length, width, and thickness measured 6.54 ± 1.69 mm, 4.23 ± 0.69 mm, and 3.01 ± 0.79 mm, respectively. Optic canal diameter was 5.14 ± 0.47 mm anteriorly and 4.79 ± 0.64 mm posteriorly. Angulation was flat (>45 degrees) in 13% or acute (<45 degrees) in 87% specimens. Conclusions Anatomical variations in the optic strut are significant in planning for anterior clinoidectomy and optic-canal decompression. Our optic strut classification considers these variations relative to the prechiasmatic sulcus on preoperative imaging.
Rankings of Contributing Authors to the AREUEA Journal by Doctoral Origin and Employer: 1973–1987

This paper reports on the rankings of the contributing authors to the AREUEA Journal, the origins of their doctoral degrees, and their employers from 1973–1987. Articles in the Journal were identified as being either finance, investment, valuation, housing, and urban and regional. The rankings suggest that approximately 28% of the contributing authors have managed repeat appearances. The rankings also indicate that over 74 different institutions have awarded doctoral degrees to AREUEA Journal contributors and more than 180 different institutions have employed them.
Infliximab for patients with refractory ulcerative colitis.

Conventional treatment options for patients with severe corticosteroid-refractory ulcerative colitis (UC) include intravenous cyclosporine, which is frequently limited by toxicity, or colectomy. The efficacy of infliximab was investigated in the treatment of 16 patients with severely active UC refractory to conventional therapy; 7 of these patients were considered for colectomy pending medical failure. All patients received a single infusion of infliximab, 5 mg/kg; 6 of 16 patients (38%) received a second infusion approximately 5 months later. Efficacy was assessed by clinical response (defined as the lack of symptoms) as well as endoscopic and histologic outcomes. Clinical, endoscopic, and histologic improvement was observed in 14 of 16 patients (88%) after treatment with infliximab. Surgery was avoided in six of seven surgical candidates (86%). Clinical remission was maintained in 14 of 16 patients (88%) for ≫ 4 months, and 4 of 16 patients (25%) for 7–10 months. Most of the treated patients were completely withdrawn from corticosteroid therapy. Treatment with infliximab induced endoscopic remission at 30 days and a significant improvement from baseline in mean histologic score (p < 0.001). In conclusion, infliximab improved clinical, endoscopic, and histologic outcomes in patients with severely active UC refractory to conventional therapy, allowing corticosteroid sparing and reducing the need for colectomy.
Dynamics and vibrational spectra of individual molecules in polymer glasses

Fluorescence excitation and vibrationally resolved dispersed fluorescence spectra of single molecules of terrylene in a polyethylene matrix at 1.5 K are presented. Single molecules are selected from the inhomogeneous ensemble by tuning a narrow-band dye laser into resonance with the sharp electronic origin features in highly dilute samples. Total fluorescence is detected with a photomultiplier and photon counting electronics, while vibrationally resolved fluorescence spectra are obtained by dispersing the emission onto a CCD detector. The excitation spectra reveal a variety of spectral diffusion effects on a wide range of time scales, including both continuous wandering over a range of frequencies and jumping among two or more discrete resonance frequencies. The dispersed fluorescence spectra show two distinct types of vibrational frequency and intensity patterns, possibly arising from terrylene molecules in the amorphous and crystalline regions of the polyethylene matrix, respectively. The description of the emission as resonance Raman or fluorescence is discussed.
Homochiral ketals in organic sythesis. Simple chromatographic resolution of diastereomeric α-hydroxycycloalkanone ketals

Abstract A general method for the chromatographic resolution of diastereomeric α-hydroxycycloalkanone ketals derived from 1,4-di- O -benzyl-L-threitol is reported. Separability is thought to result from differences in intramolecular hydrogen bonding for the two diastereomeric forms.
Structure of rubredoxin from Desulfovibrio vulgaris at 1.5 A resolution.

Abstract The X-ray model of rubredoxin from Desulfovibrio vulgaris has been refined against 1.5 A X-ray diffraction data collected on a diffractometer. The final model comprises 395 non-hydrogen protein atoms, and 180 solvent 0 atoms. The final R -value for the model with calculated H atom positions included as fixed contributions is 0.098 over all reflections greater than 2 σ I from infinity to 1.5 A. The error in co-ordinates is estimated to be 0.08 A. The solvent model was twice redetermined during the later stages of refinement and was instrumental in its success. One sequence error has been detected and corrected (Thr21 → Asp). The iron-sulfur site bond angles are distorted from true tetrahedral symmetry, as found in other rubredoxin structures. A significant deviation from tetrahedral angles is seen at C α atoms 9, 10, 42 and 43, interior angles of the loops binding the iron atom. The planes of two aromatic groups, Tyr4 and Trp37, are nearly parallel to, and lie under, an extended system of atoms that includes the peptide bonds preceding the first cysteine residue of each cysteine loop as well as the cysteine side-chain, the iron, and the cysteine side-chain of the opposite loop, forming a previously unrecognized extended system that may function in electron transfer.
Writing to Understand Lengthy Text: How First Graders Use Response Journals to Support Their Understanding of a Challenging Chapter Book.

Chapter books present young readers with many more challenges than do the picture books that initiate them into reading. This case study investigation explored ways in which three first graders used their literature response journals to help them negotiate their first chapter book read aloud. Findings of the three case studies revealed that the children continued their engagement in the story world as they wrote in their journals. The children relied on different strategies and focused on somewhat different facets of the story world as they wrote and drew in their journals. However, the strategies they used were ones that held great potential to support meaning making in a complex text world.
Dispersion of Helium

The refractivity of helium computed from experimental measurements made at 15 different wavelengths by use of a corner-reflector Michelson interferometer, and computed from recent theoretical values of oscillator strength at 26 different wavelengths, is reported. The experimental measurements range from 4801 to 20586 A. The absolute refractivity at 760 torr, 0°C, 5462.258 A is 3.4950×10−5. A dispersion formula describing the data is (n-1)×105=1470.091/(423.98-σ2).Other dispersion formulas are discussed. The experimental and theoretical computations are compared with the experimental and theoretical work of various authors. The comparison includes computations of effective F values, absorption wavelength, dielectric constant, molecular polarizability, and Verdet constant.
Modeling Costs and Fuel Economy Benefits of Lightweighting Vehicle Closure Panels

This paper illustrates a methodology in which complete material-manufacturing process cases for closure panels, reinforcements, and assembly are modeled and compared in order to identify the preferred option for a lightweight closure design. First, process-based cost models are used to predict the cost of lightweighting the closure set of a sample midsized sports utility vehicle (SUV) via material and process substitution. Weight savings are then analyzed using a powertrain simulation to understand the impact of lightweighting on fuel economy. The results are evaluated in the context of production volume and total mass change.
Source-relay optimization for a two-way MIMO relay system

This paper addresses a non-regenerative two-way MIMO relay system where two sources exchange information via a common relay. Both sources and the relay are each equipped with multiple antennas. In the first phase (time or frequency), both sources transmit their signals and the relay receives. In the second phase, the relay transmits towards both sources a transformed signal. The optimization of the source covariance matrices and the optimization of the relay transformation matrix can be performed alternately until convergence. The former can be achieved by a generalized water filling algorithm, and the latter can be achieved by two algorithms discussed in this paper. The first algorithm is a hybrid gradient optimization. The second algorithm is an iterative weighted MMSE equalization. It is shown in simulation that both algorithms converge to the same results and are much faster than a prior algorithm developed for single-antenna sources.
Interaction of nascent preproparathyroid hormone molecules with microsomal membranes

To characterize the early steps in the interaction of nascent chains of preproparathyroid hormone (prepro-PTH) with the secretory apparatus, such truncated nascent chains still attached to ribosomes were tested for binding to microsomal membranes and cleavage by signal peptidase. Nascent chains of 114, 97, 88, 81, 70, and 59 residues were tested for their ability to bind tightly to membranes and to undergo signal sequence cleavage. Chains of 81 residues and longer bound tightly to the membranes and were cleaved by signal peptidase. The 88- and 81-residue precursors and their corresponding pro-proteins were less efficiently associated with the membranes than were the 114- and 97-residue precursors and their corresponding pro-proteins. The 70-residue chain bound to the membrane but was not cleaved. When this peptide was subsequently released from the ribosome with puromycin, it was cleaved by signal peptidase. The 59-residue chain bound only slightly to the microsomal membrane and was not cleaved by signal peptidase, even when the nascent peptide was released from the ribosome with puromycin. Thus the critical length for productive binding to microsomal membranes is between 59 and 70 residues; the length required for signal cleavage is between 70 and 81 residues.
Pointing and tracking servo for the Haystack auxiliary antenna (HAX)

An overview of the servo design for a 40-ft-diameter radar dish two-axis mount is presented. Several fundamental upgrades were implemented, including a four-quadrant six-pulse phase control rectifier power amplifier system, a microcontroller-based maintenance chassis, a high-resolution encoding system, and digital servo compensation. >
CORRECTING REAL‐WORD SPELLING ERRORS USING A MODEL OF THE PROBLEM‐SOLVING CONTEXT

This paper explores the application of a rich model of pragmatic context to the problem of identifying and correcting real-word spelling errors. Results suggest that such a model can be useful for generating and ranking a list of possible corrections according to their contextual relevance. In the domain of expert consultation discourse, a mode! of pragmatic context must represent not only the user's domain plans, but also the problem-solving processes that explore alternative plans, refining and instantiating the intended plan, and the connections between those problem-solving moves and their resulting discourse manifestations. In the model presented, metaplans are used to represent these problem-solving and discourse levels, while heuristics that take into account the user's problem-solving strategies and world knowledge serve to rank the relative likelihood of different possible next queries. An implementation of this model has been used to suggest pragmatically coherent interpretations that can be matched against a partial parse of the input in order to generate possible corrections for real-word spelling errors.
Neutral wind effects on ion outflow at Mars

This paper evaluates the influence of neutral winds on ions using the CAPIT (Combined Atmospheric Photochemistry and Ion Tracking) code, which includes ionospheric photochemistry and plasma wave energization. Based on two different wind profiles, ion outflow is, to first order, not sensitive to neutral winds. However, the ion density profiles are clearly affected by neutral winds at the exobase. For example, the direction of a strong neutral wind will dramatically change the location of the highest ion densities. This finding suggests that strongly varying neutral winds at the exobase complicate the analysis of in-situ observations. To evaluate dynamic effects of the different magnetic field configurations, crustal fields are included in the simulation domain. The outflow of O2+ ions is the most dynamic, partly because the photochemical production is almost a factor of two larger than the photochemical loss so loss to space is important (for other ions, this ratio is closer to one and loss to space is small compared to photochemical production). Since the photochemical production rate of O2+ is relatively slow, it takes time to replenish O2+ that is lost to space, so loss to space over long periods should be relatively constant.
Statistical evaluation of sequential morphological operations

In order to properly apply sequential morphological operations to random signals in applications concerned with noise suppression, the authors have examined their statistical properties using different structuring elements. The performance of flat and triangular structuring elements has been evaluated for signals with uniform, Gaussian, and Rayleigh density functions. In particular, the statistical properties of sequential morphological operations (i.e,, dilation, closing, clos-erosion, and clos-opening) are examined as a function of the parameters of the structuring element through Monte Carlo simulation, which overcomes the statistical dependency problem arising in the processed signal at different stages of morphological operations. The simulated results and their statistics (mean, variance, and skewness) present an interpretation of the signal root, biasing effects, and noise suppression capability of morphological filters. >
Models of Technology Management at the Community College: The Role of the Chief Information Officer.

Community colleges provide a wide range of educational services to very diverse groups of students. For that reason, the variety and flexibility of services provided can be critical. In addition, quickly changing needs result in quickly changing system requirements. In this chapter, community college CIOs speak to their roles, focusing on the critical issues they face today and the approaches their institutions are taking to ensure preparation for a rapidly changing technological future.
The Perils of Marketing Weight-Management Remedies and the Role of Health Literacy

This research explores the impact of weight-management remedy marketing on healthy lifestyle behaviors. Three studies demonstrate that exposure to drug (but not supplement) marketing for weight management encourages unhealthy consumer behavior as a result of consumers' reliance on erroneous beliefs about health remedies. The authors explore the possible mitigating role of two dimensions of healthy literacy: nutrition knowledge and remedy knowledge. Whether measured or manipulated, the results show remedy knowledge to be more effective than nutrition knowledge at lessening the effect of weight-management drug marketing on unhealthy behavior. The authors close with a discussion of the theoretical and substantive implications of this research for consumer welfare.
Modified PT-LJ-SAFT Density Functional Theory I. Prediction of surface properties and phase equilibria of non-associating fluids

Abstract A new modified version of a Perturbation Density Functional Theory (PT-DFT) based on the Statistical Association Fluid Theory (SAFT) with a Lennard–Jones interaction potential is proposed to model the vapor–liquid phase equilibrium and to predict the interfacial behavior of non-associating hydrocarbon fluids. In the interaction model for the Helmholtz free energy functional the molecules are separated into m spherical segments interacting via a Lennard–Jones potential. The segments form chains of tangent spheres. In the perturbation approximation to Density Functional Theory the interaction potential is split according to WCA and the attractive term to the free energy functional consists of a suitable modification of the perturbation expression. This modification to PT-DFT yields surface tensions for the Lennard–Jones sphere fluid (m = 1.0) which are in perfect agreement with simulation data. The new PT-DFT model combines the high flexibility of the SAFT free energy functional with a modified density functional approach that enables to perform accurate calculations of interfacial properties. To take into account the contributions to surface tension resulting from mesoscale thermal fluctuations a semiempirical model is proposed that allows to correct the microscopic intrinsic surface tension. The model is used to describe the phase equilibrium of lower alkanes and aromatics. The results demonstrate the capability to fit vapor–liquid equilibrium data and to predict very accurately the surface properties of these fluids within the uncertainties of the experimental data.
Quantum Confined Fano Interference

Quantum size effects have been thoroughly investigated since advances in material synthesis made possible the growth of semiconductor heterostructures with atomic monolayer accuracy. They become apparent in a physical phenomenon when at least one dimension of the sample becomes comparable to or smaller than the length scale that governs the quantum mechanics of that phenomenon. In the optical domain the exciton Bohr radius ao is usually the relevant length scale, and quantum confinement dominates the optical properties of semiconductor structures of size L # ao [1,2]. In the case of transport the carrier de Broglie wavelength lB determines the length scale at which quantum transport effects are observed [3]. In this Letter we present a new example of quantum size effects, apparent in the line shape of an optical resonance
The Cross-Race Effect and Eyewitness Identification: How to Improve Recognition and Reduce Decision Errors in Eyewitness Situations

The Cross-Race Effect (CRE), whereby same-race faces are recognized more accurately than cross-race faces, is a well-replicated psychological phenomenon with clear social consequences. The area in which its influence is most visible is that of eyewitness misidentification. Since the advent of DNA testing, it has been revealed that scores of people have been wrongly imprisoned for crimes that they did not commit, and cross-race eyewitness misidentifications are a determining factor in a large percentage of these convictions. This article reviews existing perspectives on the causes of the CRE, including new work on the social cognitive underpinnings of the bias. Next, we make recommendations aimed at reducing the cross-race effect in eyewitness identification, both at the point of witnessing the crime and during the witness lineup. The goal of this work is to encourage policymakers to implement suggestions based on the current understanding of the causes and moderators of the CRE.
Forecasting incidence of work limitations, disability insurance receipt, and mortality in dynamic simulation models using Social Security administrative records: A research note

In examining a number of important research questions related to the reform of the Social Security program, it is helpful to understand patterns of participation in the Disability Insurance (DI) program. DI beneficiaries comprise a large fraction, approximately 15 percent, of the pool of workers who receive Social Security benefits (Social Security Administration, 2001: Table 5.A16). They are a particularly vulnerable group in later life, with poverty rates more than twice as high as those for recipients of retirement or survivor benefits from Social Security (Thompson and Smith, 2002: Table A9-13c). Those who receive DI also have very different mortality experiences than those who do not (Zayatz, 1999), so careful modeling of the overlap between mortality and disability is essential when trying to determine the lifetime distributional consequences of Social Security reform. In addition, the larger disabled population, consisting of those who report work limitations but do not necessarily receive DI benefits, is also at higher risk of poverty and death than those who do not report work limitations. This research note explores these important intersections by presenting estimates from multivariate analyses of self-reported disability status, observed mortality, and reports of DI participation from administrative data. In our analyses, we use data from the 1990 through 1993 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) matched to the Social Security Administration's Summary Earnings Records (SER), Master Beneficiary Records (MBR), and Death Master File (from the Social Security number identification file, or Numident). Using administrative data allows us to improve upon several previous studies, as research consistently demonstrates that self-reports of earnings and disability benefit receipt are unreliable. Individuals often round up or down when reporting their earnings, particularly if they are asked about the distant past, and they frequently misreport social insurance and social assistance benefit types because they misunderstand the reasons that they receive benefits (see, for example, Huynh, Rupp, and Sears, 2002).
Hyperprolactinemia and bone mineral density: the potential impact of antipsychotic agents

The prevalence of schizophrenia is about 1% worldwide. Individuals with schizophrenia are at increased risk for osteoporosis and fractures for several reasons, including poor diet, lack of exercise, cigarette smoking, and polydipsia. Some antipsychotic medications may further increase the risk of fractures by causing dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, and falls. Studies in women with hyperprolactinemia resulting from pituitary tumors have demonstrated high rates of osteoporosis believed to result from hypoestrogenism. Similarly, hyperprolactinemia in men results in hypogonadism and bone loss. Preliminary surveys have indicated that schizophrenia patients also may have elevated rates of osteoporosis and pathological fractures, possibly resulting in part from the long-term administration of antipsychotic agents that produce hyperprolactinemia and secondarily lower estrogen and testosterone levels. This potential complication of treatment with certain antipsychotic agents requires careful study and could represent a serious public health problem.
Facial behavior as a soft biometric

The human face forms an important interface to convey nonverbal emotional information. Facial expressions reflect an individual's reactions to personal thoughts or external stimuli. These can act as valuable supplementary biometric information to automated person identification systems. In this study, video segments of individuals were FACS coded to quantify facial expressions. The Action Unit (AU) frequencies, considered both individually and in specific combinations, served as features for person identification. The experiments confirm that these features of the facial behavior are well suited for biometric person identification. Considering both facial asymmetry and Action Unit combinations resulted in a significant improvement in the identification efficiency. Additionally, we observed the convergence in the identification process with the increase of the training data. Thus, given sufficient training data, facial behavior can serve as a reliable biometric modality.
Influence of p- and n-type doping on the transport properties of the Nowotny chimney-ladder compounds RuAl2 and RuGa2

Nowotny chimney-ladder compounds RuAl2 and RuGa2 have been substituted with p- and n-type dopants to study the resistivity, Seebeck and Hall coefficients, and thermal conductivity of resulting compounds in the temperature range of 80–300 K. The resistivity and Seebeck coefficient suggest that these compounds are degenerate semiconductors. Hall measurements reveal that the carrier concentration has indeed been changed by an order of magnitude, particularly in p-type RuGa2 by substituting Cr and Mn. Compared to p-type samples, the resistivity is an order of magnitude larger for n-type samples, for a similar level of carrier concentration. Interestingly, the hole mobility is two to three orders of magnitude larger, reaching the highest value of ∼750 cm2/V·s. The electron mobility is temperature independent and is typically in the range of ∼1–4 cm2/V·s. Thermal conductivity shows characteristics of mixed scattering with impurity scattering contributing appreciably in heavily substituted compositions.