cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Delayed Breakdown in Liquid Nitrogen for Sphere-Plane Geometry When Subjected to Lightning Impulse

Liquid nitrogen (LN) is often the primary insulating medium for high voltage, high temperature superconducting grid applications. A number of papers have been published on the AC and DC breakdown strengths but only a few have focused on lightning impulse. In general, when a 1.2 times 50 mus (rise/fall) impulse is applied to a sphere-plane gap in liquid nitrogen the breakdown does not always or typically occur at the peak voltage, but rather at times following the peak, ranging from 0 (no delay) up to 120 mus for the LN2 pressures and gaps studied. Data will be presented on the delay times for different gaps, sphere diameters and at two pressures, 1 bar and 1.33 bar. Most of the data was obtained for negative impulse (on the sphere) and one data set was obtained for positive impulse. Delays were observed to increase with increasing gap spacing. However, for a given set of conditions (i.e. within a given data set) the breakdown delays decreased as the peak voltage increased. It is believed that liquid nitrogen bubble initiation and growth may account for the delay in breakdown.
Passivity and L 2 stability of networked dissipative systems

It is well known that a negative feedback interconnection of passive systems is passive. However, the extension of this fundamental property to the case of negative feedback interconnection of dissipative systems, which is a more general case, remains largely unaddressed. In this paper, we demonstrate that a negative feedback interconnection of dissipative systems, under appropriate assumptions, could be passive or just L 2 stable; we further propose a way to relax these assumptions. The case when there are time delays in communication is then addressed, and it is shown that under appropriate assumptions, the closed-loop system is passive or L 2 stable for non-increasing time delays; moreover, passivity and L 2 stability can be retained by inserting time-varying gains in the communication path provided a bound on the maximum rate of change of delay is known.
Active Commuting among K-12 Educators: A Study Examining Walking and Biking to Work

Background. Walking and biking to work, active commuting (AC) is associated with many health benefits, though rates of AC remain low in the US. K-12 educators represent a significant portion of the workforce, and employee health and associated costs may have significant economic impact. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the current rates of AC and factors associated with AC among K-12 educators. Methods. A volunteer sample of K-12 educators (n = 437) was recruited to participate in an online survey. Participants responded about AC patterns and social ecological influences on AC (individual, interpersonal, institutional, community, and environmental factors). t-tests and ANOVAs examined trends in AC, and Pearson correlations examined the relationship between AC and dependent variables. Multiple regression analysis determined the relative influence of individual, interpersonal, institutional, community, and environmental levels on AC. Results. Participants actively commuted 0.51 ± 1.93 times/week. There were several individual, interpersonal, institutional, community, and environmental factors significantly related to AC. The full model explained 60.8% of the variance in AC behavior. Conclusions. This study provides insight on the factors that determine K-12 educators mode of commute and provide some insight for employee wellness among this population.
Roundup 2.0

Summary: Roundup is an online database of gene orthologs for over 1800 genomes, including 226 Eukaryota, 1447 Bacteria, 113 Archaea and 21 Viruses. Orthologs are inferred using the Reciprocal Smallest Distance algorithm. Users may query Roundup for single-linkage clusters of orthologous genes based on any group of genomes. Annotated query results may be viewed in a variety of ways including as clusters of orthologs and as phylogenetic profiles. Genomic results may be downloaded in formats suitable for functional as well as phylogenetic analysis, including the recent OrthoXML standard. In addition, gene IDs can be retrieved using FASTA sequence search. All source code and orthologs are freely available. Availability: http://roundup.hms.harvard.edu Contact:dpwall@hms.harvard.edu; todd_deluca@hms.harvard.edu
Analysis of the time-reversal operator for a small spherical scatterer in an electromagnetic field

The time-reversal operator (TRO) for a planar array of crossed dipole elements illuminating a small conducting and/or dielectric sphere is investigated in order to determine the general properties of an electromagnetic time-reversing array system. The behavior of such a system for a given frequency is analyzed by studying the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the TRO. Each eigenvector specifies a set of complex driving currents for the array elements that produce received voltages that are proportional to the conjugates of the drive currents. The proportionality constant is equal to the square root of the associated eigenvalue and is the same for all elements. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors can be determined by performing a singular value decomposition (SVD) on the multistatic data matrix of the array. The eigenvalues of the TRO are the squares of the singular values, and the eigenvectors are identical to the singular vectors. We have shown that the maximum number of singular vectors associated with the sphere is equal to the number of orthogonal orientations of the dipole moments induced in the sphere when irradiated by the array, so there is a maximum of six for a conducting sphere but only three are significant when the conductivity is small and the sphere may be considered being just a dielectric. Numerical results are presented for linear and circular arrays to show the general behavior of the system.
A search strategy for assessing a business opportunity

The optimal stopping model presented here explores opportunity assessment with reference to a tradeoff between, on the one hand, reducing decision accuracy and, on the other hand, both increasing search costs and a higher probability that the opportunity is grasped by a competitor. From this model we propose a heuristic that specifies three threshold lines to define four decision areas. Decision area 1 prescribes the business opportunity be accepted, decision areas 2 and 4 prescribe that search continue, and decision area 3 prescribes that the business opportunity be rejected. We use a simulation to investigate the robustness of the heuristic beyond the model's boundary conditions.
New Techniques for Evaluating Temporal Consistency

Temporal consistency (otherwise known as test-retest reliability) is often calculated by correlating test scores for participants who have taken a test on two separate occasions. Unfortunately, analysis of the relationship between total scores across test administrations potentially ignores information related to the consistency of individual items, item interrelationships, and individual respondents. The purpose of this article is to introduce a set of new statistics intended to address these issues. Illustrative examples are provided to demonstrate the potential utility of each proposed statistic and provide proof of concept. Each of the proposed statistics works as intended, providing evidence that this set of analyses can be used to enhance the assessment of temporal consistency.
Sodium intake as a function of the concentration, volume, number, and locus of formalin injections

The effects of formalin upon sodium need were investigated by means of six alternate-day subcutaneous injections administered in four distinct sites. Either 1.0 or 2.5 ml of.5% or 1.5% formalin was injected. The effects of these injections upon consumption of.15 M saline over 12 days was examined. In general, only 2.5 ml of 1.5% formalin produced a significant and consistent sodium need over days. Ss in all groups responded to formalin injection by taking in large amounts of sodium 24 h but not 45 h after injection. Distilled water intake in Ss’ home cages followed the pattern of saline intake, with hours of measurement contributing to the significant interactions with the other variables. The use of various concentrations of saline as a reinforcer for long-term sodium need was discussed.
Evaluation of Corn Gluten Feed in the Diets of Laying Hens

The use of corn gluten feed (CGF) in the diets of laying hens and in induced molting programs was investigated through four experiments. The first two experiments evaluated the effects of CGF on egg production from 23 to 56 or from 32 to 65 wk of age. Graded levels of CGF from 0 to 25% were added to a corn-soybean meal, control diet (16.5% CP) in a nonisocaloric and an isocaloric manner. The ratio for dietary MEn:protein was held constant in some diets, but varied in others. The nonisocaloric inclusion of up to 25% CGF did not negatively affect egg production in either experiment. When 25% CGF was fed to the 32 wk old hens, egg weight was decreased. Egg weight was also decreased when 10% CGF or higher levels were fed to the younger hens. The nonisocaloric addition of CGF also increased feed intake and decreased feed efficiency (gram of egg per gram of feed) in most cases. Isocaloric inclusion of 15% CGF did not affect egg-production parameters, but 25% CGF negatively affected most parameters. When the ratio for MEn:protein of the CGF diets was equal to that of the control diet, 25% CGF negatively affected most parameters, 17.5% CGF decreased egg weight and feed efficiency, and 10% CGF increased egg production. Feed intake was increased at all of the CGF levels. Two additional experiments evaluated CGF in programs for induced molting. The molting procedure involved feed withdrawal for 10 days followed by feeding molt diets consisting of 99.75% corn, 99.75% CGF, 49.75% corn:50% CGF, or two grower-type diets for pullets (15% CP) containing 25% CGF or 18.5% wheat bran. The two grower-type diets for pullets yielded similar and significantly greater postmolt gains in body weight and early postmolt egg production (3 wk) than did the other diets. The corn:CGF diet also yielded greater postmolt weight gains and early postmolt egg production than the 100% corn or 100% CGF diets. Long-term postmolt egg production (30 or 37 wk) was not affected by the molt diets.
Variations of Surface Tension with Body and Surface Concentrations

Mathematical derivatives of surface tension with body concentration and with surface concentration are examined analytically for solutions in which the activity coefficient of the solute is taken as a linear function of solute concentration in the body, and as fixed at unity in the surface. As an approximation, the surface concentration is taken as a uniform value maintained throughout a surface domain extending from the geometrical surface to a fixed depth into the solution, at which the concentration changes as a step function to the body concentration. The writer accepts previous experimental and theoretical conclusions that for an ionic solute the increment of surface tension per surface ion increases with decreasing ionic radius. The Debye-Huckel equation for the activity coefficient of electrolytes predicts that the activity coefficient of an ionic solute increases with increasing ionic radius. Experimentally, this predicted dependence and its reverse are observed about equally often. For those solutes which behave according to the Debye-Huckel prediction it is found that a negative derivative must exist between the derivatives of surface tension with body and with surface concentration at sufficiently high values of the increment of surface tension per surface ion.
Building energy information systems: user case studies

Measured energy performance data are essential to national efforts to improve building efficiency, as evidenced in recent benchmarking mandates, and in a growing body of work that indicates the value of permanent monitoring and energy information feedback. This paper presents case studies of energy information systems (EIS) at four enterprises and university campuses, focusing on the attained energy savings, and successes and challenges in technology use and integration. EIS are broadly defined as performance monitoring software, data acquisition hardware, and communication systems to store, analyze, and display building energy information. Case investigations showed that the most common energy savings and instances of waste concerned scheduling errors, measurement and verification, and inefficient operations. Data quality is critical to effective EIS use, and is most challenging at the subsystem or component level, and with non-electric energy sources. Sophisticated prediction algorithms may not be well understood but can be applied quite effectively, and sites with custom benchmark models or metrics are more likely to perform analyses external to the EIS. Finally, resources and staffing were identified as a universal challenge, indicating a need to identify additional models of EIS use that extend beyond exclusive in-house use, to analysis services.
Ring Oscillator Based Test Structure for NBTI Analysis

We have developed a new NBTI test structure comprising differential pairs of ring oscillators with stages of various circuit types. For stages consisting of inverters driving p-FET passgates, the gates of which are set at an adjustable DC potential, this structure allows high resolution absolute measurement of the average Vt shift of a large number (~ 100) product representative p-FETs in response to very short as well as traditional long duration pure NBTI AC or DC voltage/temperature stresses.
Depression During the Longitudinal Course of Schizophrenia

This prospective research investigated the occurrence and persistence of depression during the longitudinal course of schizophrenia. The research goals were to (1) compare depression in schizophrenia with that in schizoaffective and major depressive disorders, (2) assess whether some schizophrenia patients are vulnerable to depression, and (3) assess the relationship of depression to posthospital adjustment in schizophrenia. A total of 70 schizophrenia, 31 schizoaffective depressed, 17 psychotic unipolar major depressed, and 69 nonpsychotic unipolar major depressed patients were assessed during hospitalization and prospectively assessed for depression, psychosis, and posthospital functioning at 4.5- and 7.5-year followups. A large number (30% to 40%) of schizophrenia patients evidenced full depressive syndromes at each followup, including a subgroup of patients who evidenced repeated depression. Even when considering the influence of psychosis on outcome, depression in schizophrenia was associated with poor overall outcome, work impairment, lower activity, dissatisfaction, and suicidal tendencies. During the post-acute phase assessed, neither the rates nor the severity of depressive syndromes differentiated depression in schizophrenia from schizodepressive or major depressive disorders. However, the depressed schizophrenia patients showed poorer posthospital adjustment in terms of less employment, more rehospitalizations, and more psychosis than the patients with primary major depression. The high prevalence of depression in schizophrenia warrants its incorporation into theory about the disorder. A continuum of vulnerability to depression contributes to the heterogeneity of schizophrenia, with some schizophrenia patients being prone to depression even years after the acute phase. Depression in schizophrenia is one factor, in addition to psychosis, associated with poor outcome and requires specific attention to the treatment strategies by psychiatrists.
Evil Is More Than Banal: Situationism and the Concept of Evil

Social psychology as a discipline has given relatively little attention to the problem of evil in society, and those discussions in this field that do exist typically regard evil actions as only varieties of aggression without any characteristics that distinguish them from other forms of intentional mistreatment of others. Because of the field's situationistic perspective emphasizing the individual's susceptibility to the power of the immediate situation, social psychoiogists generally view the fairly high levels of obedience to authority displayed in Milgram's (1963, 1974) classic experiment as the paradigmatic example of evil behavior. For them, much evil is, in Arendt's (1963) well-known phrase, only "banal," and Milgram's findings are often viewed as illustrating the "central dynamic" involved in the slaughter of millions of Jews and other "undesirables" in the Holocaust. This article holds that Milgram's (1974) obedience research does not represent significant features of the Holocaust, especially the sadism that occurred not infrequently, and disregards the vital difference between those who initiated the murderous policy and the others who followed their orders. Building on Darley's (1992) earlier conjectures about the features that ordinary people might consider in judging whether any given action is evil, I suggest that many persons have a prototypic conception of evil and speculate about the dimensions that could be involved in this prototype.
Classification of Web documents using a naive Bayes method

This paper presents an automatic document classification system, WebDoc, which classifies Web documents according to the Library of Congress classification scheme. WebDoc constructs a knowledge base from the training data and then classifies the documents based on information in the knowledge base. One of the classification algorithms used in WebDoc is based on Bayes' theorem from probability theory. This paper focuses upon three aspects of this approach: different event models for the naive Bayes method, different probability smoothing methods, and different feature selection methods. In this paper, we report the performance of each method in terms of recall, precision, and F-measures. Experimental results show that the WebDoc system can classify Web documents effectively and efficiently.
Design‐oriented analysis of imperfect truss structures—part I—accurate analysis

An approximate analysis method for calculating local and system geometric imperfection influences on the displacements, stresses and buckling load of imperfect truss structures, is developed. The structural response, as a function of the design variables, is expressed in this approximate analysis which is much faster and cheaper than the ‘accurate’ analysis. The accurate analysis for a particular design is used as a base for each approximate analysis which then gives the response information needed for other designs in the neighbourhood about the base point design. Comparison of the approximate behaviour predictions with accurate results based on the more refined analysis methods shows that the quality of the proposed approximate analysis procedure is adequate for guiding a structural design procedure. It is evident that the approximate analysis is capable of describing the nonlinear behaviour of the structure, but when nonlinearity increases, the quality of the approximate analysis tends to deteriorate.
Progression of Atheroma: A Struggle Between Death and Procreation

Traditional thinking accorded a major role to deranged cell proliferation as a determinant of the abnormal cellularity of atheroma. However, studies conducted in several laboratories have documented the occurrence of disordered apoptosis during atherogenesis, leading to the death of lipid-rich foam cells (promoting lipid-core formation) and depletion of vascular smooth muscle cells (fostering fragility of the fibrous cap). A complex interplay of environmental factors and endogenous proteins regulates apoptosis and contributes to the struggle between cell death and procreation in atherosclerosis. In addition to a variety of growth factors, chemically modified lipids, reactive oxygen species, proinflammatory cytokines, and Fas ligand produced by activated immune cells may influence cell viability through a diversity of pathways, including the caspase cascade, the Bcl-2 protein family, and the oncogene/antioncogene system. A clarification of the molecular mechanisms responsible for vascular cell death may aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat atherosclerosis and its complications, including the acute coronary syndromes.
A Selection Theorem for Open Graph Correspondences with Star-shaped Values

For a proof combine Theorem 1 with Brouwer Fixed Point Theorem. In the convex valued case (an infinite dimensional version of) Theorem 2 has been proved by Ky Fan (2) via the Knaster-Kuratowsky-Mazurkiewicz lemma. The need to investigate the fixed point theory of open graph correspondences has recently been felt in mathematical economics (see, for an example, Gale and Mas-Cole11 (1)). A natural approach is to reduce it to the continuous functions theory via selection theorems. This is easily accomplished in the convex valued case and Theorem I takes care of the homeomorphically convex one. It would be of interest to determine if homeomorphically convex could be weakened to contractible in the statement of Theorem 1 since as a corollary this would yield the open-graph analog of the Eilenberg-Montgomery fixed point theorem. We
CSI-Adaptive Encoded Pilot-Symbols for Iterative OFDM Receiver with IRA Coding

This paper proposes a novel orthogonal frequency- division multiplexing (OFDM)-based iterative channel estimation and irregular repeat-accumulate (IRA) decoding scheme where the pilot symbols are encoded along with the input data and are used for both channel estimation and decoding. To achieve the objective of minimizing the bit error rate, this paper employs systematic IRA codes so that pilot symbols can be encoded as part of the data. In this way, initial channel estimation can be performed using the systematic encoded pilot symbols before channel decoding. In addition, the known pilot symbol positions have higher reliability than data and can significantly improve the initial decoding. The availability of channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter via feedback from the receiver is also exploited by introducing a second pilot permutation that adapts to the receiver channel conditions, which is shown to outperform the conventional uniform pilot spacing within the OFDM symbol. Simulation results verify the improvement in performance compared to iterative OFDM receivers with either un-encoded or encoded uniformly-spaced pilot symbols without CSI feedback.
Longitudinal Perspective on Managing Refractory Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Background One half to one third of the patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) do not achieve histological remission on initial treatment. We wondered whether these treatment failure patients are a distinct clinical subset. Objective To analyze EoE treatment outcomes in a predominantly pediatric population. Methods We reviewed 100 serial EoE cases at Massachusetts General Hospital starting from 2007. We defined histological remission as peak esophageal eosinophil count of less than 10/hpf. Results Ninety-seven patients with EoE underwent initial treatments: 54 of 81 (67%) responded to dietary therapy, and 9 of 16 (56%) responded to topical glucocorticoids. Of the 34 who failed initial treatment, 24 underwent various second treatment regimens and 54% (13 of 24) responded. Eight of the remaining 11 who failed second treatment underwent additional treatments and 2 ultimately responded. The overall response rate by intent-to-treat analysis increased from 65% (63 of 97) with initial treatment to 78% (76 of 97) with rescue treatment, and further to 80% (78 of 97) with multiple treatments. On a per-protocol basis, the overall response rate was 93% (78 of 84); however, patients who failed the first 2 rounds of therapy had only a 20% response rate. Patients who responded to initial treatment were found to have more symptoms and endoscopic abnormalities. Comparison of patients who failed both initial and rescue therapy with those who responded to rescue therapy did not identify any differentiating clinical features. Conclusions More than half of the patients who failed initial EoE treatment could still achieve histological remission with individualized rescue treatments. No clinical features could predict response to rescue treatment.
PERSPECTIVE: TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS, PARASITIC DNA, AND GENOME EVOLUTION

Abstract The nature of the role played by mobile elements in host genome evolution is reassessed considering numerous recent developments in many areas of biology. It is argued that easy popular appellations such as “selfish DNA” and “junk DNA” may be either inaccurate or misleading and that a more enlightened view of the transposable element-host relationship encompasses a continuum from extreme parasitism to mutualism. Transposable elements are potent, broad spectrum, endogenous mutators that are subject to the influence of chance as well as selection at several levels of biological organization. Of particular interest are transposable element traits that early evolve neutrally at the host level but at a later stage of evolution are co-opted for new host functions. Corresponding Editor: T. Markow.
Assessment of Roof Stability in a Room and Pillar Coal Mine in the U.S. Using Three-Dimensional Distinct Element Method

Abstract This paper examines the effect of different geological and mining factors on roof stability in underground coal mines by combining field observations, laboratory testing, and numerical modeling. An underground coal mine in western Pennsylvania is selected as a case study mine to investigate the underlying causes of roof falls in this mine. Three-dimensional distinct element analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of different parameters, such as the variation of immediate roof rock mass strength properties, variation of discontinuity mechanical properties, orientations and magnitudes of the horizontal in-situ stresses, and the size of pillars and excavations on stability of the immediate roof. The research conducted in this paper showed that the bedding planes play an important role on the geo-mechanical behavior of roofs in underground excavations. Therefore, an appropriate numerical modeling technique which incorporates the effect of discontinuities should be employed to simulate the realistic behavior of the discontinuous rock masses such as the layered materials in roof strata of the underground coal mines. The three-dimensional distinct element method used in this research showed the capability of this technique in capturing the important geo-mechanical behavior around underground excavations.
USING PV MODULE AND LINE FREQUENCY RESPONSE DATA TO CREATE ROBUST ARC FAULT DETECTORS

Photovoltaic (PV) systems have caused residential and commercial building fires when an electrical arc fault initiates in the conduction path. Article 690.11 in the United States 2011 National Electrical Code requires new photovoltaic systems on or penetrating a building to include a listed arc fault protection device to prevent additional fires. In response, manufacturers are creating arc fault circuit interrupters (AFCIs) using electrical frequencies for detection, but their operation is not fully characterized. Sandia National Labs has undergone a major effort to identify detection difficulties and establish tests for PV AFCI manufacturers to ensure their product can robustly detect arcing conditions while avoiding false trips from noise sources. In previous studies, arc fault signatures have been compared to string noise and frequency-dependant attenuation through PV modules has been quantified. In this paper, a frequency response analyzer was used to measure radio frequency (RF) propagation through arrays of varying irradiance and size. Irradiance did not affect module frequency response, but the length of unshielded wiring significantly affected the frequency response of the system above 100 kHz due to RF effects. Based on the RF affects in PV systems, it is recommended that arc fault circuit interrupter manufacturers select detection frequencies below 100 kHz.
An intelligent and interactive simulation and tutoring environment for exploring and learning simple machines

Students in middle school science classes have difficulty mastering physics concepts such as energy and work, taught in the context of simple machines. Moreover, students' naive conceptions of physics often remain unchanged after completing a science class. To address this problem, I developed an intelligent tutoring system, called the Virtual Physics System (ViPS), which coaches students through problem solving with one class of simple machines, pulley systems. The tutor uses a unique cognitive based approach to teaching simple machines, and includes innovations in three areas. (1) It employs a teaching strategy that focuses on highlighting links among concepts of the domain that are essential for conceptual understanding yet are seldom learned by students. (2) Concepts are taught through a combination of effective human tutoring techniques (e.g., hinting) and simulations. (3) For each student, the system identifies which misconceptions he or she has, from a common set of student misconceptions gathered from domain experts, and tailors tutoring to match the correct line of scientific reasoning regarding the misconceptions. ViPS was implemented as a platform on which students can design and simulate pulley system experiments, integrated with a constraint-based tutor that intervenes when students make errors during problem solving to teach them and to help them. ViPS has a web-based client-server architecture, and has been implemented using Java technologies. ViPS is different from existing physics simulations and tutoring systems due to several original features. (1). It is the first system to integrate a simulation based virtual experimentation platform with an intelligent tutoring component. (2) It uses a novel approach, based on Bayesian networks, to help students construct correct pulley systems for experimental simulation. (3) It identifies student misconceptions based on a novel decision tree applied to student pretest scores, and tailors tutoring to individual students based on detected misconceptions. ViPS has been evaluated through usability and usefulness experiments with undergraduate engineering students taking their first college-level engineering physics course and undergraduate pre-service teachers taking their first college-level physics course. These experiments demonstrated that ViPS is highly usable and effective. Students using ViPS reduced their misconceptions, and students conducting virtual experiments in ViPS learned more than students who conducted experiments with physical pulley systems. Interestingly, it was also found that college students exhibited many of the same misconceptions that have been identified in middle school students.
Race, Wealth and Incarceration: Results from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth

Using the 1979 cohort of the National Longitudinal Study of Youth to explore the interwoven links between race, wealth and incarceration, this study examines the data on race and wealth status before and after incarceration. Data indicate that although higher levels of wealth were associated with lower rates of incarceration, the likelihood of future incarceration still was higher for blacks at every level of wealth compared to the white likelihood, as well as the Hispanic likelihood, which fell below the white likelihood for some levels of wealth. Further, we find that racial wealth gaps existed among those who would be incarcerated in the future and also among the previously incarcerated.
A bacteriological and chemical study of ice milk

Fifty-four pint samples of a frozen product, defined by Kansas law as ice milk, were examined for sanitary qualities and composition. The average quality of these samples was found to be equal or s...
Hepatosplenic alpha beta T-cell lymphoma: a report of an S100-positive case

Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma is an uncommon neoplasm characterized by a lymphoid infiltrate within the sinusoids of the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, without significant nodal involvement. The majority of cases express the gammadelta T-cell receptor and are associated with an isochromosome 7q cytogenetic abnormality. Recently, a small number of cases have been reported that express the alphabeta T-cell receptor. Here, we report our findings of a case of an S100-positive hepatosplenic alphabeta T-cell lymphoma in a 20-year-old woman who presented with pancytopenia and hepatosplenomegaly. The case adds to the growing literature of hepatosplenic alphabeta T-cell lymphomas.
Plurality Maximization vs Vote Maximization: A Spatial Analysis with Variable Participation

Spatial models of party competition constitute a recent and incrementally developing literature which seeks to explore the relationships between citizens' decisions and candidates' strategies. Despite the mathematical and deductive rigor of this approach, it is only now that political scientists can begin to see the incorporation of those considerations which less formal analyses identify as salient, and perhaps crucial, features of election contests. One such consideration concerns the candidates' objectives. Specifically, spatial analysis often confuses the distinction between candidates who maximize votes and candidates who maximize plurality. Downs and Garvey, for example, assume explicitly that candidates maximize votes, though plurality maximization is clearly the assumption which Garvey actually employs, while Downs frequently assumes that vote maximization, plurality maximization, and the goal of winning are equivalent. Downs, nevertheless, attempts to disentangle these objectives, observing that plurality maximization is the appropriate objective for candidates in a single-member district, while vote maximization is appropriate in proportional representation systems with many parties. All subsequent spatial analysis research, however, assumes either implicitly or explicitly that candidates maximize plurality. If Downs is correct, therefore, this research may not be relevant for a general understanding of electoral competition in diverse constitutional or historical circumstances. The question then is whether those strategies that maximize votes differ from those strategies that maximize plurality.
Intraventricular Angiotensin Elicits Drinking in the Baboon

SummaryCannulas aimed at the lateral cerebral ventricles were surgically implanted in baboons. A-II (5 /xg/animal) or control injections were made on subsequent days and water intake recorded to determine the patency of the cannulas. We found that (a) baboons drink considerable water after the IVT administration of A-II, (b) the response diminishes but still persists with repeated A-II tests spread over a several-month interval, and (c) elevated drinking in response to the administration of A-II is a practical way to confirm the success of ventricular cannulation.
An Update on the International Status and Usage of Cross-culturally Adapted Versions of the Oswestry Disability Index1

Abstract The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) is a self-report outcome measure used to quantify the extent of disability related to low back pain. The purpose of this study was to identify and assess the current usage of existing cross-cultural adaptations of the ODI. Following the documented review process, sixteen cross-cultural adaptations of the ODI were identified. Each study was analyzed for construct validity, test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Overall, the sixteen adaptations demonstrated a high-quality adaptation process and clinicians should be confident when using any of the variations reviewed in this document. Strategies for implementing the best-practice guidelines for cross-cultural adaptations are also provided.
Organizing musical pieces by tonal similarity

Modeling the change of tonal content has a number of important applications from music retrieval to sound analysis. In this work, we build a system to find similarities in tonal content between different music performances. We map the Fourier Transform magnitudes to the twelve semitone pitch classes (chromas) to generate a sequence of "pitch class profiles" (PCPs) and then use them to represent each piece stored in an audio file. The evolution of tonal content is modeled using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs; Rabiner and Juang, 1986). An HMM is a finite set of states, each of which is associated with a probability distribution. Transitions among the states are governed by a set of transition probabilities. In a particular state an observation is generated from the associated probability distribution. We use the Baum-Welch algorithm to find the most likely set of state transition and output probabilities, given the set of observations. Then the Viterbi algorithm is employed during the testing phase to find the most likely sequence of hidden states that correspond to the testing output sequence. In this context, each probability distribution represents a particular tonal quality at one instant in time and the transitions between states correspond to changes in tonal content.
Applications of Expert Systems in Engineering: An Introduction

A human expert possesses knowledge about a domain, has an understanding of domain problems and has some skill at solving problems. An expert system for a given domain is a computer program that is capable of solving problems at a performance level comparable to that of most human experts in that domain.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(urea-formaldehyde) microcapsules containing linseed oil for self-healing coating development

Abstract In this study, linseed oil was successfully encapsulated in poly(urea-formaldehyde) (PUF) shell via in-situ polymerization to achieve a microcapsule-based self-healing coating. A set of techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), optical microscope, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to completely characterize the synthesized microcapsules. The effects of the molecular weight of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) stabilizers, stir rates, and reaction temperatures on the property of microcapsules were investigated. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) showed a uniform distribution of microcapsules inside the coating matrix. The stable microcapsules with the high content of core materials ensured the self-healing function. By observation from SEM, the self-healing coating showed excellent healing performance upon artificial cracks comparing to the blank epoxy coating.
Effects of Insecticides on Protaphorura fimata (Collembola: Poduromorpha: Onychiuridae) Feeding on Germinating Lettuce

Abstract The springtail, Protaphorura fimata Gisin (Onychiuridae), was recently identified as a serious subterranean pest of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. [Asteraceae]) in the Salinas Valley of California and little is known about efficacy of insecticides to control it. The efficacy of 15 insecticides was determined against P. fimata individuals by evaluating their feeding injury on germinating lettuce seeds in three laboratory experiments. In two experiments, a low density of P. fimata (50 individuals) was exposed to insecticide-treated substrates (filter paper and soil); a high density of P. fimata (100 individuals) was exposed to insecticide-treated soil in the third experiment. In all three experiments, 25 uncoated, untreated lettuce seeds were placed on the surface of treated substrate and exposed to P. fimata for 7 d. Significantly more P. fimata individuals and their feeding injury were found in the distilled water (control) treatment than any insecticide treatments. Overall, percentage of injured se...
Where, oh where has my lipid drop gone?

Stress-mediated lipid droplet formation requires neuronal lactate and is impaired by APOE4.
Alcohol-related and mental health care for patients with unhealthy alcohol use and posttraumatic stress disorder in a National Veterans Affairs cohort.

Abstract Objective Unhealthy alcohol use and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently co-occur. Patients with both conditions have poorer functioning and worse treatment adherence compared to those with either condition alone. Therefore, it is possible that PTSD, when co-occurring with unhealthy alcohol use, may influence receipt of evidence-based alcohol-related care and mental health care. We evaluated receipt of interventions for unhealthy alcohol use and receipt of mental health follow-up care among patients screening positive for unhealthy alcohol use with and without PTSD in a national sample from the Veterans Health Administration (VA). Methods National clinical and administrative data from VA's electronic medical record were used to identify all patients who screened positive for unhealthy alcohol use (AUDIT-C score ≥ 5) between 10/1/09–5/30/13. Unadjusted and adjusted Poisson regression models were fit to estimate the relative rate and prevalence of receipt of: brief interventions (advice to reduce or abstain from drinking ≤ 14 days after positive screening), specialty addictions treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD; documented visit ≤ 365 days after positive screening), pharmacotherapy for AUD (filled prescription ≤ 365 days after positive screening), and mental health care ≤ 14 days after positive screening for patients with and without PTSD (documented with ICD-9 CM codes). In secondary analyses, we tested effect modification by both severity of unhealthy alcohol use and age. Results Among 830,825 patients who screened positive for unhealthy alcohol use, 140,388 (16.9%) had documented PTSD. Of the full sample, 71.6% received brief interventions, 10.3% received specialty AUD treatment, 3.1% received pharmacotherapy for AUD, and 24.0% received mental health care. PTSD was associated with increased likelihood of receiving all types of care. Adjusted relative rates were 1.04 (95% CI 1.03–1.05) for brief interventions, 1.06 (1.05–1.08) for specialty AUD treatment, 1.35 (1.31–1.39) for AUD pharmacotherapy, and 1.82 (1.80–1.84) for mental health care. Alcohol use severity modified effects of PTSD for specialty AUD treatment, AUD pharmacotherapy, and mental health care such that effects were maintained at lower severity but attenuated among patients with severe unhealthy alcohol use. Age modified all effects with the strength of the association between PTSD and care outcomes being strongest for younger (18–29 years) and older veterans (65 + years) and weaker or non-significant for middle-aged veterans (30–44 and 45–64 years). Conclusions In this large national sample of patients with unhealthy alcohol use, PTSD was associated with increased likelihood of receiving alcohol-related and mental health care. PTSD does not appear to be a barrier to care among VA patients with unhealthy alcohol use.
Sorbate-sorbent interactions of nitrogen heterocycles in gas chromatography

Abstract The gas chromatography of a wide variety of pyridine and benzene derivatives was carried out. The sorbate-sorbent interactions of 3-substituted pyridines and 4-alkylpyridines were similar to those in the benzene derivatives; the retention times of the more readily available benzene compounds could accurately predict the retention times of 3-substituted pyridines. Similar relations with other pyridines were complicated by steric effects and by direct resonance interactions between substituents and the ring nitrogen.
Mouse Injury Model of Polytrauma and Shock

Severe injury and shock remain major sources of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Immunologic dysregulation following trauma contributes to these poor outcomes. Few, if any, therapeutic interventions have benefited these patients, and this is due to our limited understanding of the host response to injury and shock. The Food and Drug Administration requires preclinical animal studies prior to any interventional trials in humans; thus, animal models of injury and shock will remain the mainstay for trauma research. However, adequate animal models that reflect the severe response to trauma in both the acute and subacute phases have been limited. Here we describe a novel murine model of polytrauma and shock that combines hemorrhagic shock, cecectomy, long bone fracture, and soft-tissue damage. This model produces an equivalent Injury Severity Score associated with adverse outcomes in humans, and may better recapitulate the human leukocyte, cytokine, transcriptomic, and overall inflammatory response following injury and hemorrhagic shock.
Intersectionality in psychotherapy: The experiences of an AfroLatinx queer immigrant

Culturally responsive and racially conscious psychotherapeutic work requires that therapists recognize the ways clients are impacted by their multiple marginalized identities and by systems of oppression (e.g., racism, ethnocentrism, sexism, heterosexism, and nativism). Attending exclusively to clients' marginalized identities (i.e., weak intersectionality) may drive therapists to only focus on internal, subjective, and emotional experiences, hence, missing the opportunity to consider and address how multiple sociostructural dimensions (i.e., strong intersectionality) may be impacting the client's presenting problems. Alternatively, focusing solely on the impact of sociostructural dimensions on the lives of clients may miss the more nuanced and variable individual personal experiences. In this article, we highlight the challenge of maintaining a culturally responsive and racially conscious stance when considering multiple marginalized identities, overlapping systemic inequities, and how both affect clients' lives and experiences. The case of an AfroLatinx queer immigrant is presented to illustrate some of the challenges and opportunities while simultaneously considering (a) the client's multiple marginalized identities, (b) the way clients are impacted by systemic oppression, and (c) integrating the client's personal experiences and narratives in psychotherapy. (PsycINFO Database Record
Optimal maintenance scheduling of generator units using discrete integer cuckoo search optimization algorithm

Abstract In this paper, Discrete Integer Cuckoo Search (DICS) Optimization Algorithm is presented for generating an Optimal Maintenance Schedule for power utility with multiple generator units and complex constraints of Man Power Availability, Load Demand and strict Maintenance Window. The objective is to maximize and distribute the reserved power evenly across the fifty two weeks while satisfying the multiple constraints. This is a complex combinatorial NP-hard problem and there is no unique solution available for it. Nature inspired Cuckoo Search algorithm has been chosen to address this problem. Cuckoo search algorithm is a metaheuristic algorithm based on the obligate brood parasitism of cuckoo bird species, where cuckoo tries to find the best nest of other birds whose eggs resemble her own to lay her eggs to be hatched by other birds. Therefore the problem is formulated to find the best host nest. The host nest is defined according to the constraints of the power utility. The results obtained are compared with the work of previous researchers using the same test system and using the Genetic Algorithm with Binary Representation (GABR), Genetic Algorithm with Integer Representation (GAIR), Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO), Modified Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (MDPSO) and Hybrid Scatter Genetic Algorithm (HSGA). The results show that the DICS outperformed all the other algorithms.
Tissue histopathologic injury in renovascular occlusive disease

Many histopathologic findings within post-stenotic kidneys are nonspecific and represent conditions associated with aging, atherosclerosis and pre-existing hypertension. Two major abnormalities reported in patients with renovascular disease (RVD) are arteriolar nephrosclerosis and atheroembolic renal lesions. Other chronic renal “ischemia” markers include tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and arteriolar sclerosis, but are less specific.