cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hybrid polymer-nanocrystal heterostructures for high-performance chip-integrated near-infrared LEDs

We report an all solution-based method producing hybrid heterostructures with efficient light-emission in the near-infrared. This robust, low-cost and versatile architecture is especially useful for flexible or reconfigurable optoelectronics, energy harvesting and biosensing chip-integrated platforms.
Value Stream Mapping at Sysinteg (a)

This case focuses on the application of Value Stream Mapping as a means of identifying waste in a supplier's logistics- services activities. Students are given the information needed to construct a Value Steam Map, identify value-added and non-value-added activities, and develop opportunitites for reaching 50% improvement in throughput time. It is based on the case Supplier Development at SysInteg (A) UVA-OM-1355, about a summer intern in the Supplier Development department at XS Inc. who is participating in a two-day Value Stream Mapping (VSM) event at a key supplier's facility--SysInteg.
Learning from the patient: Human factors engineering in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy

During the past several decades, increasingly complex health care technologies, such as dialysis, monitoring devices, home ventilators, ventricular assist devices, enteral tube feedings, and wound vacuums, have moved to the home. One commonly used technology in the home, outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT), provides a way for patients needing long-term antimicrobial therapy to leave the hospital (or avoid the hospital altogether) and receive antibiotic agents through central venous catheters (CVCs).1 OPAT reduces hospital stays, increases patient satisfaction, and decreases costs.1,2 When used in hospital settings, many of the complex devices adapted for use in OPAT—the CVCs, infusion bags, and infusion pumps—can lead to errors that may lead to patient harm. We work to eliminate central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) and other catheter-related complications in hospitals. However, we do not fully understand how to reduce CLABSI and other complications from OPAT in the home, such as catheter-associated venous thromboembolism, adverse drug events, or other side effects of OPAT. To reduce these complications, we need to understand how OPAT is performed by patients and their caregivers. Human factors (HF) is “the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human wellbeing and overall system performance.”3 An HF approach to understanding how patients and caregivers manage OPATmay show us how to reduce OPAT complications. In recent years, HF engineers have focused on interactions between health care workers and the systems and environments where they work to reduce errors and increase patient safety.4 HF engineering offers robust methods to understanding health work systems5 by emphasizing data, theory, and design principles to optimize interactions between people and the systems in which they operate.6 However, even in hospitals where health care workers have specific training and expertise to manage medical devices, medical devices contribute to 1 million errors yearly.7 With HF, we can understand how to build systems and environments around people, instead of the other way around, with a goal of maximizing patient safety.
Mindful of process: scaffolds for collaboration discourse in design education

Given the critical importance of collaboration in lifelong learning, this paper highlights the need for interventions that help learners develop awareness of the social dimensions of group problem solving and adopt patterns of discourse leading to more successful collaborative learning outcomes. In pursuit of this, I present scaffolds that were piloted on students learning the practice of collaborative human-centered design, and argue for the larger significance of design as a framework for developing collaborative capacities.
A Qualitative Analysis of Home-Based Counselors' Experiences in a Rural Setting

This qualitative study sought to understand the experiences of home-based counselors working in a rural setting. In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 counselors who were asked to describe their experiences in the areas of preparedness, professional development, challenges, and gender-specific experiences. Fourteen coding categories emerged from the interviews, which led to the findings of 3 overarching themes: shared isolation, ethical ambiguity, and the high-intensity nature of the job. Recommendations for home-based counselors, agencies, and professional counseling associations are discussed.
Bone Calcium During Hyperthyroidism

SummaryRats fed 100 mg of thyroid gland per day showed, after 25 days, an average decrease of 2.66% in the calcium content of the ash of the fat-free femur. The concomitant loss in body weight of 23%, makes it unlikely that the thyroid feeding per se had a specific effect on bone calcium.
Evaluation of a Nitrogen-Cooled, Electrically Heated Cold Trap Inlet for High-Speed Gas Chromatography

Gas chromatography has the potential to be a much faster method of separation than is usually realized. If column operating conditions are optimized for speed and injection band width is minimized, some simple separations can be completed in a few seconds. A prototype cryofocusing system for producing narrow injection bands with 0.25-mm i.d. columns is described here. The gas-cooled and electrically heated inlet produces injection bands with widths of about 10-20 ms. In the present study the system is evaluated using mixtures of common organics, including alkanes, aromatics, alcohols, ketones, and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Quantitative trapping and reinjection is achieved for all tested compounds. Coefficients of variation are less than 3% for peak area and less than 0.2% for retention time. Base-line separation of simple mixture is achieved with retention times of less than 10 s. By using the cold trap inlet with a low-dead-volume detector and a high-speed electrometer, the efficiency available from commercial capillary columns can be better utilized, and retention times for some routine separations may be reduced to a few seconds.
A Thermoplasticity Model for Oil Shale

Several regions of the world have abundant oil shale resources, but accessing this energy supply poses a number of challenges. One particular difficulty is the thermomechanical behavior of the material. When heated to sufficient temperatures, thermal conversion of kerogen to oil, gas, and other products takes place. This alteration of microstructure leads to a complex geomechanical response. In this work, we develop a thermoplasticity model for oil shale. The model is based on critical state plasticity, a framework often used for modeling clays and soft rocks. The model described here allows for both hardening due to mechanical deformation and softening due to thermal processes. In particular, the preconsolidation pressure—defining the onset of plastic volumetric compaction—is controlled by a state variable representing the kerogen content of the material. As kerogen is converted to other phases, the material weakens and plastic compaction begins. We calibrate and compare the proposed model to a suite of high-temperature uniaxial and triaxial experiments on core samples from a pilot in situ processing operation in the Green River Formation. We also describe avenues for future work to improve understanding and prediction of the geomechanical behavior of oil shale operations.
Plasma-activated air mediates plasmid DNA delivery in vivo

Plasma-activated air (PAA) provides a noncontact DNA transfer platform. In the current study, PAA was used for the delivery of plasmid DNA in a 3D human skin model, as well as in vivo. Delivery of plasmid DNA encoding luciferase to recellularized dermal constructs was enhanced, resulting in a fourfold increase in luciferase expression over 120 hours compared to injection only (P < 0.05). Delivery of plasmid DNA encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) was confirmed in the epidermal layers of the construct. In vivo experiments were performed in BALB/c mice, with skin as the delivery target. PAA exposure significantly enhanced luciferase expression levels 460-fold in exposed sites compared to levels obtained from the injection of plasmid DNA alone (P < 0.001). Expression levels were enhanced when the plasma reactor was positioned more distant from the injection site. Delivery of plasmid DNA encoding GFP to mouse skin was confirmed by immunostaining, where a 3-minute exposure at a 10 mm distance displayed delivery distribution deep within the dermal layers compared to an exposure at 3 mm where GFP expression was localized within the epidermis. Our findings suggest PAA-mediated delivery warrants further exploration as an alternative approach for DNA transfer for skin targets.
Etiological study of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Anhui province

Objective] To provide scientific gist for prevention and control of epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF) by etiological studies. [Methods] Kinds of reservoir hosts of EHF, transmission route, geographic epidemiology, types of pestilential area of EHF and new-type EHF virus were studied by etiological methods, serological, RT-PCR and sequencial determinations. [Results] 32 strains of EHFV were isolated from 9 kinds of hosts. Aerosol could transmit EHF in experimental animals. New-type of EHF virus was detected in mountainous areas. [Conclusion] Our province is an epidemic area of EHF with multiple-hosts, among which rattus type of EHF is predominant.
Anastrozole had a better risk-benefit profile than tamoxifen as adjuvant treatment for breast cancer in postmenopausal women.

Source Citation Buzdar A, Howell A, Cuzick J, et al. Comprehensive side-effect profile of anastrozole and tamoxifen as adjuvant treatment for early-stage breast cancer: long-term safety analysis of...
Performance of the Mound Facility Californium Multiplier

The Californium Multiplier (CFX) is a subcriticai fission system which supplies neutrons for neutron radiography and neutron activation analysis. Such a unit has been built by IRT Corporation for use with approximately 20 mg Cf-252, was installed at the Mound Facility in September 1977, and has been operating since October 1977, primarily for neutron radiography production. A Cf-252 source within a moderating and shielding medium (not a CFX) produces a flux of approximately 1 × 107 n/cm2/sec per milligram Cf-252. To achieve thermal neutron flux levels of 109 n/cm2/sec requires approximately 150 mg of Cf-252 with an initial cost of over $1,500,000 for source material and encapsulation. The CFX provides a viable alternative to using such large sources to achieve the desired flux levels. A flux level of 1 × 109 n/cm2/sec is obtained in the CFX with only 5 mg of Cf-252, providing a thermal neutron flux multiplication of about 30. The Cf-252 cost is reduced to about $16,000 per year for a CFX.
The Franco Regime’s Postwar US Public Relations Strategies: Media, Messages and Relationships in America

Public relations (PR), in the classic professional sense of the term, served as the third key element of the Franco regime’s comprehensive, interlocking postwar US outreach program, alongside tourism and Hollywood, and admixing generously with both.1 Utilizing quintessential PR tactics including lobbying, direct media output, the harnessing of US entertainment and information media to reach assorted American demographic groups, and high-level relationship cultivation programs based on grand special events held in both America and Spain, the Franco regime sought to accomplish a number of key outreach objectives over time in the US. Indeed, the Spanish dictatorship retained the services of major US public relations firms in support of its efforts. In a manner similar to tourism promotion, the first manifestations of the regime’s PR efforts toward the US cropped up very soon after World War II ended, and the public relations program gradually gathered force and became variegated and increasingly sophisticated during the course of the 1950s through the early 1960s. Also as in the case of promoting US tourism to Spain, Francisco Franco was a strong early supporter of PR outreach; and while the program would reach an apogee during the 1962–69 golden era of cooperation between Manuel Fraga’s MIT and Fernando Castiella’s Foreign Ministry, many of the Franco regime’s PR program elements were set in place prior to this halcyon period.
A Spectrum of Phylogenetic-Based Approaches for Predicting Protein Functional Sites

This chapter introduces four distinct, yet aligned, computational approaches to predict protein functional sites. The methods range from simple alignment conservation scores to more sophisticated phylogenetic-based approaches (i.e., evolutionary trace, ConSurf, and phylogenetic motifs). Each approach and its theoretical underpinnings are discussed in detail. Key differences within later revisions of each method (when appropriate) are also provided. Applications of the method and how it has been assessed are also discussed for several methods. Finally, information on availability of each method is provided.
Overlooked Costs of War-Related Public Research: A Comment on Nicholas Rescher's 'Early RAND as a Talent Incubator'

This paper focuses on some of the overlooked costs of war-related public research. We discuss two unseen consequences of war-related public science. The first is the distortionary effect of government-influenced research on academic disciplines. The second is the opportunity cost of the resources employed in public science.
Creating an Intergenerational-Friendly World

Creating age-friendly communities and an age-friendly world are initiatives of both AARP and the World Health Organization (WHO). “Age-friendly” denotes all ages—all ages living together and benefi...
Mixing Times of Critical Two‐Dimensional Potts Models

We study dynamical aspects of the q-state Potts model on an n × n box at its critical βc(q). Heat-bath Glauber dynamics and cluster dynamics such as Swendsen–Wang (that circumvent low-temperature bottlenecks) are all expected to undergo “critical slowdowns” in the presence of periodic boundary conditions: the inverse spectral gap, which in the subcritical regime is O(1), should at criticality be polynomial in n for 1 4 in accordance with the predicted discontinuous phase transition. This was confirmed for q = 2 (the Ising model) by the second author and Sly, and for sufficiently large q by Borgs et al. Here we show that the following holds for the critical Potts model on the torus: for q=3, the inverse gap of Glauber dynamics is nO(1); for q = 4, it is at most nO(log n); and for every q > 4 in the phase-coexistence regime, the inverse gaps of both Glauber dynamics and Swendsen-Wang dynamics are exponential in n. For free or monochromatic boundary conditions and large q, we show that the dynamics at criticality is faster than on the torus (unlike the Ising model where free/periodic boundary conditions induce similar dynamical behavior at all temperatures): the inverse gap of Swendsen-Wang dynamics is exp(no(1)). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploration of Students’ Online Discussion Engagement in Statistics Collaborative Learning

Asynchronous Internet-based technology is the most widely used technology for the instructional delivery of both online and hybrid courses. For online courses in particular, students have expressed feeling isolated and undernourished academically and emotionally within online learning communities. To rectify the situation, an increasing number of educators and scholars recognize the importance of implementing collaborative learning to increase interactions among learners, to heighten their engagement in learning events, and to create opportunities for them to provide mutual support. Educators utilize group learning activities for learners in a variety of fields, such as education, arts, and engineering, but such an approach is seldom seen in statistics education. Most statistics students rely primarily on teachers’ demonstrations and explanations when acquiring statistical concepts. Yet, students can also benefit from group work because interactions with peers allow them to explain processes to reach the solutions and therefore enable them to realize different ways of approaching statistical problems. In this study, we implemented an online collaborative activity in a graduate-level Applied Analysis of Variance course. Two sources of data, students’ discussion posts within their group work and their responses to perception surveys, were collected. This research uncovers students’ perceived benefits and challenges of engaging in online asynchronous collaborative learning activities for learning statistics. It also identifies and demonstrates three varying patterns of interactions from students’ online group work: interacting for completing tasks, interacting for exchanging answers, and interacting for co-constructing knowledge.
Family Experiences and Sexual Victimization Histories: A Comparative Analysis Between Youth Sexual and Nonsexual Offenders.

Youth who commit sexual offenses often have sexual victimization histories that occur in the family context. These victimization experiences can be exacerbated by other risks present in the family ...
Dissipative Use of Critical Metals in the Aluminum Industry

To improve properties such as weldability, corrosion resistance, strength, etc. the aluminum industry, in recent years, has enhanced functionality of aluminum alloys by increasing diversity of metals being used for alloying. These metals often include critical ones i.e. those that are geologically scarce, highly prone to supply bottleneck and/or highly demanded with no known substitute. A logical solution to the above-mentioned identifiers would be the recovery of these critical materials from the finished products at their end of life. Unfortunately, the yield of the critical metals, on recovery, is too low for feasible economic recovery and therefore they are dissipatively lost. This work quantifies the impacts of such losses using material flow analysis and life-cycle assessment in order to suggest best practices to minimize these impacts. Results show circular economy strategies can be effective for mitigating criticality risk in the aluminum industry.
The Epidemiology, Prevention, and Control of HIV/AIDS Among African Americans

Twenty-six years after five cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were reported in white gay men, the USA faces a mature AIDS epidemic. 1 An infectious disorder with profound morbidity and mortality, this epidemic rivals virtually every other infectious disease outbreak in human history – from its impact upon communities, social structures, and health care systems to the disruption of the fabric of daily life. While many gains have been made in the HIV/AIDS epidemic, from testing modalities to the diagnosis, care, and management of the HIV infection and its complications, these gains have not been realized uniformly. Disparities exist across race, gender, and socioeconomic status, and these disparities not only continue to drive the epidemic, but also the profound economic and human costs associated with it.
Search, Classification and Attack Decisions for Cooperative Wide Area Search Munitions

There are currently several wide area search munitions in the research and development phase within the Department of Defense. While the work on the airframes, sensors, target recognition algorithms and navigation schemes is promising, there are insufficient analytical tools for evaluating the effectiveness of these concept munitions. Simulation can be used effectively for this purpose, but analytical results are necessary for validating the simulations and facilitating the design trades early in the development process. Recent research into cooperative behavior for autonomous munitions has further highlighted the importance of fundamental analysis to steer the direction of this new research venture. This paper presents extensions to some classic work in the area of search and detection. The unique aspect of the munition problem is that a search agent is lost whenever an attack is executed. This significantly impacts the overall effectiveness in a multi-target/false target environment. While the analytic development here will concentrate on the single munition case, extensions to the multi-munition will be discussed to include the potential benefit from cooperative classification and engagement.
Spatial chirp and pulse-front tilt in ultrashort laser pulses and their measurement

We show that two physically different definitions of spatial chirp exist. We also show that pulse-front-tilt arises, not only from angular dispersion, but also from spatial and temporal chirp. We verify these results using GRENOUILLE.
Indigenous and Intersecting: People of African Descent in LGBT Psychology

A number of psychologists have stated that in order for psychology to become increasingly multicultural and inclusive, the research and theory that drives the research must incorporate more diverse populations; this must happen before it can be said that the findings of psychological research universally apply to multiple populations (Lawson, Baker, & Graham, 2006; Allwood & Berry, 2006). The focus of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) psychologies is no exception to this requirement. LGBT psychology has been described as a perspective that aims to support social change, as it focuses on increasing the visibility, validation, and acknowledgement of research, theory, and practice on LGBT concerns across the discipline of psychology (Clarke & Peel, 2007). Unfortunately however, since a seminal psychological study of gay men (Hooker, 1957), the findings of the research have thus far been primarily based on white participants. Also, as research is being increasingly done to include transgender persons, this research, too, has overwhelmingly sampled white transgender persons (Sanchez & Vilain, 2009; Veale, Clarke, & Lomax, 2008).
Chapter 80 – Btbd9 Knockout Mice as a Model of Restless Legs Syndrome

Restless legs syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a common neurological disorder with motor, sensory, and circadian components. It is characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs for relief and is generally accompanied by an unpleasant sensation in the legs, with an increase in symptoms during rest or at night. Recent genomewide association studies have linked polymorphisms in BTBD9 with RLS. The function of BTBD9 is mostly unknown. We generated a line of Btbd9 knockout (KO) mice and observed that they had hyperactivity, hypersensitivity to warm stimuli, disruptions in sleep homeostasis, alterations in the iron metabolism and dopamine system, and changes in presynaptic and postsynaptic plasticity and neurotransmission compared to wild-type mice. This therefore suggests that the Btbd9 KO mice are an excellent mouse model of RLS. Furthermore, the battery of tests we conducted provides a basis for future examination of rodent models of RLS.
Quantum limited FM spectroscopy with a lead salt laser

The major experimental obstacles encountered in performing diode laser FM Spectroscopy (FMS) are: (1) optical fringes from transmissive optics; (2) lack of optical power; (3) feedback-induced noise and excess laser noise; (4) thermal drift of signal and background; (5) laser RAM. Effective methods of dealing with all these problems must be devised to achieve quantum limited detection sensitivity.
Rapid progression of carcinoma en cuirasse breast dermal metastases on18F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography

Cancer in the dermis of the breast has a poor prognosis. The breast dermis can become malignantly involved primarily in inflammatory breast cancer, through the direct extension of locally advanced breast cancer, or metastatically from an underlying breast mass or a distant primary malignancy (e.g., gastric adenocarcinoma). Breast dermal metastases have the shortest median survival among them. Breast dermal metastases are classified into eight clinicohistopathologic groups, one of which is carcinoma en cuirasse. We present a case of a 52-year-old female with a history of invasive ductal carcinoma, Stage IIIC (pT2N3a), treated with lumpectomy, axillary node dissection, and chemoradiation therapy that recurred as carcinoma en cuirasse breast dermal metastases. Through18F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography (18F-FDG PET-CT) and clinical images, the case illustrates the rapid progression and devastating consequences of carcinoma en cuirasse breast dermal metastases over a 4-month period despite optimal therapy. Furthermore, the case emphasizes the sensitivity of18F-FDG PET-CT to detect pathology in the breast dermis. Finally, the case highlights the crucial role that nuclear medicine physicians play in helping clinical colleagues differentiate between the various breast dermal malignant manifestations and benign mastitis, a common confounder in postradiation patients.
Control of the voicing distinction for intervocalic stops and fricatives: some data and theoretical considerations

Abstract The present paper represents an attempt to integrate some new data with previously published information on control of the voicing distinction for obstruents. The experiment reported herein deals with the duration of the voiceless interval associated with voiceless stops and fricatives in the intervocalic, prestressed position. The voiceless interval is defined as that time-segment during which the vocal folds are not vibrating. For stops, this interval will generally include the duration of the closure interval plus the voice-onset time (VOT). In the case of fricatives, the voiceless interval includes the duration of both the supraglottal constriction and any aspiration which precedes a following vowel. The results of this experiment demonstrated that the duration of the voiceless interval is independent of obstruent manner- and place-of-articulation. From these findings and consideration of previously reported fiberscopic and electromyographic data, it is concluded that the devoicing gesture is the same for stops and fricatives, and that the timing of this gesture is executed in a preprogrammed, ballistic fashion. Arguments are subsequently developed to the effect that (1) speakers do not, and need not, control VOT in a continuous fashion, and (2) speakers may sometimes structure supraglottal time programs in terms of laryngeal timing demands, as evidenced by control of the voicing distinction for fricatives.
Restoration of cough via spinal cord stimulation improves pulmonary function in tetraplegics.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in significant loss in pulmonary function secondary to respiratory muscle paralysis. Retention of secretions and atelectasis and, recurrent respiratory ...
Lattice dynamics of the hybrid improper ferroelectrics (Ca ,Sr ) 3 Ti 2 O 7

The structure and lattice dynamics of the hybrid improper ferroelectric compound ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{3\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ (for $x=0,0.6,$ and 0.9) have been studied with a combination of diffraction, inelastic scattering experiments, Raman spectroscopy, and calorimetry measurements, as well as first-principles simulations. Using inelastic neutron scattering, we have measured the phonon density of states (DOS) for $x=0.9$, which revealed a strong broadening but little change in phonon energies on heating from 10 K to 728 K across the ferroelectric phase transition temperature, ${T}_{FE}$. Using inelastic x-ray scattering, the momentum-resolved phonon dispersions were measured from 80 K to 950 K on a single crystal (for $x=0.6$), and also revealed a strong phonon broadening but a small energy shift for acoustic modes on heating across ${T}_{FE}$. Our Raman measurements (for $x=0.6$) showed robust rotational and oxygen breathing modes but soft tilt modes, consistent with previous measurements on similar compounds. Our density functional calculations achieve good agreement with both the phonon DOS and dispersions measured. We did not observe any unusual quadratic dispersion for $c$-polarized transverse acoustic modes, at odds with a recently predicted quasi-2D character, for either undoped ($x=0$) or doped ($x=0.6$) compounds.
THE IMPACT OF SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS ON NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES IN CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with long term outcomes in congenital heart disease (CHD). In other high-risk populations, like prematurity, lower SES has been associated with both early (e.g. neonatal brain injury) and later neurodevelopmental (ND) outcomes. Since this has not been
Abstract C096: Ethnic differences of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the Multiethnic Cohort study

Background: We have reported previously in the Multiethnic Cohort study (MEC) that the incidence of lung cancer varies across races/ethnicities. Compared to whites, for the same number of cigarettes smoke, African Americans and Native Hawaiians have a higher risk of lung cancer, whereas Latinos and Japanese Americans have a lower risk of disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a well-established risk factor for lung cancer. The differences in COPD risk across populations while accounting for known risk factors have not been evaluated. Methods: Using data from the MEC, restricted to participants enrolled in Medicare fee-for-service program (n=120,607), we investigated the association of known risk factors with risk of COPD across five racial/ethnic populations, including age, sex, education, BMI, physical activity, marital status, asthma, smoking history, ethnic-specific smoking cessation rates, and occupational exposures, mutually adjusting for the other variables. Stratified analyses were conducted by smoking status. Results: A total of 24,730 COPD cases were identified in the MEC between 1999 and 2014. Compared to whites, African Americans and Native Hawaiians had an 8% lower risk of COPD risk (RRs=0.92; 95% CI: 0.87-0.97 for African Americans and 95% CI: 0.86-0.97 for Native Hawaiians). Risk was found to be even lower in Latinos (RR=0.83; 95% CI: 0.79-0.88) and Japanese Americans (RR=0.68; 95% CI: 0.65-0.70). While the overall order of risk correlated with self-reported quantity of cigarettes smoked, disaggregation by smoking status revealed underlying ethnic disparities (p-heterogeneity Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that the racial/ethnic patterns for COPD risk are not consistent with those observed with lung cancer risk. Reasons for these differences are being investigated. Also, our findings suggest that the disparities in COPD risk may be different by smoking status. Citation Format: Sungshim L. Park, Iona Cheng, Anna H. Wu, Jackie Porcel, Lynne R. Wilkens, Loic Le Marchand, V. Wendy Setiawan. Ethnic differences of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the Multiethnic Cohort study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C096.
Building a Case for Magnesium in Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction (4634)

Objective: We aim to describe a case of refractory headache associated with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) successfully treated with magnesium. Background: RCVS is a poorly understood and underdiagnosed headache syndrome with potentially severe neurologic consequences. Calcium channel blockers (CCB) are typically used to treat headaches in RCVS. For patients who cannot tolerate CCB or have refractory headaches, treatment options are limited. Although magnesium is commonly used in post-partum vasculopathies, its use in RCVS is not established. Design/Methods: A 64-year-old woman with a history of migraine with aura suffered 10 days of recurrent severe thunderclap headaches, different from her typical migraines. She felt she was being hit in the head, reaching maximal pain within seconds followed by nausea. She had constant, less severe, throbbing right frontal or occipital pain between thunderclap headaches. She presented to the emergency department after her usual over-the-counter headache regimen was ineffective. Results: Neurologic exam was normal. Computed tomography showed bilateral frontal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance angiography showed segmental narrowing of the left vertebral and basilar arteries consistent with RCVS. She could not tolerate 80mg or 40mg of verapamil due to dizziness and bradycardia. Triptans and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories were contraindicated due to vasculopathy and hemorrhage. She was given intravenous (IV) magnesium 1mg which significantly improved her pain. She received IV magnesium daily over three days with repeated benefit. She was discharged on magnesium glycinate 400mg daily for headache prevention. Conclusions: This case illustrates that magnesium is a low risk, effective treatment option for refractory thunderclap headaches from RCVS in patients with concurrent migraine. This builds on prior case reports of IV magnesium use in RCVS headache recurrence after initial treatment with verapamil. Future research is needed to examine the precise mechanism of action of magnesium providing headache relief in RCVS and whether magnesium is particularly useful in patients with concurrent migraine. Disclosure: Dr. Roberts has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pedowitz has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pace has nothing to disclose.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the Fetal Brain

Fetal 1H-MRS is a promising non-invasive technique for assessing metabolic integrity in the developing brain, and has the potential to open a critical presently unavailable window for antenatal cerebral surveillance in the high-risk pregnancy. However, ongoing work is needed to improve the technical success of this emerging technique so as to increase and optimize its utility in the clinical setting. To date in vivo studies have provided important normative data for second and third trimester fetal brain metabolic concentrations in healthy fetuses. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the complex role of these metabolites throughout gestation. This in turn will lay the foundation for the development of clinically meaningful 1H-MRS biomarkers for the accurate assessment of fetal health and well-being. Finally, although a number of studies have performed in vivo spectroscopy studies, the long-term prognostic significance of these acute metabolic findings warrant further study.
Association Between Sampling Method and Covid-19 Test Positivity Among Undergraduate Students: Testing Friendship Paradox in Covid-19 Network of Transmission

Abstract In November 2020, we conducted a cross sectional study to implement and test the method of acquaintance sampling (randomly sampling friends of randomly sampled individuals) in detecting students with higher probability of COVID-19 positivity. Overall, 879 students were randomly sampled and participated in this study. In an online survey, the randomly sampled participants nominated a friend, and reported their own and their nominated friend’s COVID-19 status. Nominated friends were about 1.64 (95% CI: 1.33, 2.00) times more likely to have ever been infected with COVID-19, compared to randomly sampled students. Our study corroborates the effectiveness of acquaintance sampling for identifying members of networks with higher COVID-19 risk. These findings could be useful for university policy makers when developing mitigation testing programs and intervention strategies against COVID-19 spread.
Exact and Approximate Heterogeneous Bayesian Decentralized Data Fusion

In Bayesian peer-to-peer decentralized data fusion for static and dynamic systems, the underlying estimated or communicated distributions are frequently assumed to be homogeneous between agents. This requires each agent to process and communicate the full global joint distribution, and thus leads to high computation and communication costs irrespective of relevancy to specific local objectives. This work considers a family of heterogeneous decentralized fusion problems, where we consider the set of problems in which either the communicated or the estimated distributions describe different, but overlapping, states of interest that are subsets of a larger full global joint state. We exploit the conditional independence structure of such problems and provide a rigorous derivation for a family of exact and approximate heterogeneous conditionally factorized channel filter methods. We further extend existing methods for approximate conservative filtering and decentralized fusion in heterogeneous dynamic problems. Numerical examples show more than 99.5% potential communication reduction for heterogeneous channel filter fusion, and a multi-target tracking simulation shows that these methods provide consistent estimates.
High rate of anatomic reduction and healing of tuberosities with a fracture specific cemented stem in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fracture

ABSTRACT Hypothesis Using a modern stem designed for use in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for fracture will enable accurate and effective tuberosity reduction and healing Methods Twenty-five (25) shoulders were included, with a minimum of 1 year of follow-up. Radiographs and clinical outcome scores were reviewed. Results The average age of patients was 72. The average postoperative ASES score was 83 ± 8. Average SANE scores were 82 ± 15. Modified Neer scores were able to be calculated on 23 patients, with 21 patients (91%) having excellent (14) or satisfactory (7) outcomes. Tuberosity reduction was “anatomic” in all shoulders. There was one shoulder (4%) that had tuberosities that displaced into a “nonanatomic” position. Mild displacement of the tuberosities, and tuberosity resorption were common. No stems or glenoid components loosened or were considered “at risk.” Discussion With modern stem design emphasizing tuberosity reduction and fixation, and modern repair constructs, tuberosity reduction and healing are reliable. Clinical outcomes are excellent, with 91% having excellent or satisfactory clinical outcomes. Level of Evidence Level IV; Treatment Study
Disperse and preserve the perverse: computing how hip-hop censorship changed popular music genres in China

Abstract How do political interventions reshape genre boundaries? Previous studies on genres only tangentially touch on this question as they mostly focus on the artistic, economic, or critical consequences of genre spanning. This paper fills in this gap by exploring the impact of music censorship on the censored genre and other related genres. Using an original dataset of 53,364 songs released on a Chinese online music platform, I study how Hip-Hop censorship in China in 2018 impacted Hip-Hop as well as Pop, Rock, and Folk songs in terms of how they sound and what topics are engaged in the lyrics. I propose a novel, computational approach to measure sound similarities between songs by using Music Information Retrieval (MIR) algorithms which synthesize audio signal processing and neural networks. I also measure the change of topic prevalence in song lyrics by using topic models supplemented with a dictionary approach. I found that post-censorship Hip-Hop songs sound significantly different from pre-censorship ones, with a bigger impact on the high-profile songs. Moreover, Rock, as a close genre to Hip-Hop, became more “Hip-Hoppy”, while Pop, a mixed category that reflects trending genres, became less “Hip-Hoppy”; the impact on these two genres is more salient among their low-profile songs. Folk, a genre distanced from Hip-Hop, remained generally untouched. The censorship also made Hip-Hop musicians engage less with topics related to violence and deviant behaviors but more with sexual terms, albeit in a covered form and not necessarily related to sexual conduct per se. The findings suggest a dispersion model in explaining the outcome of political interventions in genres, where stylistic conventions of the censored genre are dispersed from salient works of that genre to less influential ones as well as to adjacent genres.
Hospitalization for physical injury may contribute to recovery of invisible war wounds: Response to Peterson's (2021) commentary on Soumoff et al. (2021).

Peterson's (2021) commentary on our recently published manuscript (Soumoff et al., 2021) suggests that our findings are an example of visible, physical injuries of war facilitating communication with others, which, in turn, fosters recovery from invisible war wounds. We agree that in the proper context, the retelling of one's traumatic story can be important for recovery from and, perhaps, even the prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Participants in our study cohort differed from most others who experienced combat trauma in that while they were hospitalized, they experienced nearly daily visits from a behavioral health provider to address traumatic stress-related symptoms. It is likely that individuals who sustained more severe physical injury (i.e., higher Injury Severity Score [ISS] ratings) had longer hospital stays, received more support, and had more opportunities to retell their stories than those with less severe injuries, leading to decreases in PTSD and MDD symptoms. To note support of this supposition, in Table 5 of Soumoff et al. (2021), although not significant, the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for PTSD and MDD were below 1 for service members with high (i.e., above 16) ISS ratings. The physical injury-related hospitalizations participants in our sample experienced fostered activities described by Peterson (2021) that likely contributed to the prevention and resolution of PTSD and MDD symptoms, benefits not received by most individuals who suffer only invisible wounds of war.
Visualizations of direct fuel injection effects in a supersonic cavity flameholder

This paper is associated with a video winner of a 2020 American Physical Society's Division of Fluid Dynamics (DFD) Gallery of Fluid Motion Award for work presented at the DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion. The original video is available online at the Gallery of Fluid Motion, https://doi.org/10.1103/APS.DFD.2020.GFM.V0026.
Principles of Gas–Solid Flows: Momentum Transfer and Charge Transfer

Introduction In gas–solid flows, flow patterns of both phases depend not only on the initial conditions and physical boundaries of the system but also on the mechanisms of momentum transfer or the interacting forces between the phases. The forces controlling the motions of particles may be classified into three groups: (1) forces through the interface between fluid and particles, (2) forces due to the interactions between particles, and (3) forces imposed by external fields. Although interparticle forces and field forces do not directly change the course of the fluid motion, they may indirectly influence the motion via particle–fluid interactions. Among the significant characteristics in a gas–solid flow are the charge transfer and charge accumulation among particles due to the interparticle collisions and/or particle–wall collisions. The charges carried by the particles may directly affect the particle motion and particle concentration distribution in the flow by the electrostatic forces, especially when an external electric field is applied. Even in the absence of an external electric field, the accumulation of particle charges may yield adverse effects such as arc discharge and dust explosion. In this chapter, various forces affecting the motion of a gas–solid flow along with the momentum equations governing the motions of particles are delineated. The mechanisms of charge generation and charge transfer by collisions of particles are discussed.
Recent Advances in Particle Accelerators

Publisher Summary This chapter elaborates the new ideas and progress on major particle accelerators throughout the world. The minimum overall length of linear accelerators for high energies has, in the past, been set by the maximum electric field that could be maintained without a breakdown between parts of the accelerating structure. In all, over 30 laboratories are studying, actively proposing, or constructing heavy ion machines. However, no mention has been made of the conversion of Columbia's Nevis synchrocyclotron to higher energy and intensity operation. Also the new linac injector and pressurized preinjector for the 3-GeV proton synchrotron at Saclay, the high-intensity electron linac at MIT, the splendid new tandem accelerators developed by High Voltage Engineering, the Dynamitron accelerators developed by Radiation Dynamics, various high current electron accelerators for use as flash X-ray tubes, and many proposals for modification and improvement of existing accelerators have been either neglected or barely mentioned. A less technical but very readable source of information about current accelerator developments is the CERN Courier published monthly in French and English by CERN's Public Information Office.
Flawed Social Experiments

This paper describes, somewhat overlapping, types of flaws that have occurred in social experiments. Each flaw is illustrated with examples from previous experiments. Some of these problems result in minor hurdles, while others cause experiments to fail — that is, the experiment is unable to provide a valid test of the hypothesis of interest. An accompanying summary table lists the flaws, indicates the circumstances under which they occur, their potential seriousness, and approaches for minimizing them. The most important of the flaws are response bias resulting from attrition; a failure to adequately implement the treatment as designed; and too small a sample to detect impacts. The third of these flaws can result from insufficient marketing, too small an initial target group, disinterest on the part of the target group in participating (if the treatment is voluntary), or attrition. To a considerable degree the flaws discussed in this article can be minimized. For instance, implementation failures and too small a sample can usually be avoided with sufficient effort and planning and response bias can often be mitigated — for example, through increased follow-up efforts in conducting surveys.
Perspectives of Bilingual Social Workers

Bilingual social workers are often crucial in offering services to clients who cannot communicate effectively in English. Little research exists on the issues such workers face with in working with...
The Reality of Peurbach’s Orbs: Cosmological Continuity in Fifteenth and Sixteenth Century Astronomy

In this paper I argue for continuity in astronomical models and their cosmological consequences, from the time of Peurbach’s Theoricae novae planetarum (c. 1474) throughout the sixteenth century. Contrary to many modern discussions that still follow Duhem, the reality of celestial orbs was generally accepted in astronomy before Copernicus. I will present evidence that authors of commentaries on the two main university texts in astronomy, the theorica and the sphaera, adopted Peurbach’s orbs as physically real before the end of the fifteenth century. This provoked a response from Averroists, like Alessandro Achillini (in 1498), who had their own agenda in cosmology. The result was a controversy that formed an important backdrop to Copernicus’s work and its reception by Melanchthon and his circle. I will conclude by outlining the development of the same themes by Brahe and Kepler.