cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Biomechanical Consequences of Trapeziectomy and Partial Trapezoidectomy in the Treatment of Thumb Carpometacarpal and Scaphotrapeziotrapezoid Arthritis.

Purpose To determine, using a biomechanical cadaveric model, whether, in the treatment of thumb carpometacarpal and scaphotrapeziotrapezoid arthritis, partial trapezoid resection following trapeziectomy causes carpal, specifically lunocapitate and scapholunate, instability. Methods Eight fresh-frozen mid-forearm cadaver specimens with type I lunates and devoid of basilar thumb arthritis were used in the study. Specimens were mounted onto a wrist simulator applying cyclical wrist flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation motions. Carpal kinematics, specifically lunocapitate and scapholunate joint relationships, were measured at 4 different conditions: (1) a native intact state, (2) after trapeziectomy, (3) after 2-mm partial trapezoid resection, and (4) after 4-mm partial trapezoid resection. Results During both flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation of the wrist, the lunocapitate and scapholunate joint relationship did not show any notable change following any of trapeziectomy, 2-mm, or 4-mm trapezoid resection compared with the intact state. Changes to the lunocapitate and scapholunate angles were clinically insignificant—a maximum of 6° and 4° change, respectively. Conclusions This biomechanical cadaveric study shows that performing a trapeziectomy followed by up to 4 mm of proximal trapezoid resection has a negligible effect upon carpal, specifically lunocapitate and scapholunate, stability. Further research is needed to elucidate the long-term clinical consequences of limited trapezoid resection in vivo. Clinical relevance There may be no clinically relevant effects of resection of up to 4 mm of trapezoid in the surgical management of combined basilar thumb and scaphotrapeziotrapezoid arthritis.
The role of coronary reactivity testing in women with no obstructive coronary artery disease.

Purpose of review Two-thirds of women with signs and symptoms of ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) have abnormal coronary reactivity. These women are challenging to assess, diagnose and manage because of a lack of evidence-based guidelines. Furthermore, they are considered to be at 'low risk' by most physicians, often receive no specific therapy and tend to be dismissed from subspecialty care. Recent findings Coronary reactivity testing (CRT) is considered the reference-standard for evaluation of epicardial and microvascular coronary function in response to various vasoactive agents. It provides a comprehensive vascular function assessment for diagnosis, a guide for management, and has prognostic benefit that outweighs the risk of the procedure. We recently demonstrated the prognostic value of assessing coronary vascular reactivity in women with signs and symptoms of ischemia, especially those with no obstructive coronary artery disease. Summary Invasive CRT is a feasible, useful method to identify coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) and risk stratify women with INOCA. It has a comparable safety record with other invasive procedures. Future research is directed at optimizing patient selection, streamlining of invasive CRT methods using user-friendly catheters to enhance feasibility in the routine clinical setting, and optimizing treatment protocols, with clinical trials designed to evaluate outcomes.
Multi-Cloud Performance and Security-driven Brokering for Bioinformatics Workflows

Data-intensive bioinformatics applications often use federated multi-cloud infrastructures to support compute-intensive processing needs. In this paper, we propose a Multi-Cloud Performance and Security (MCPS) Brokering framework within such federated multi-cloud infrastructures to allocate cloud resources to applications by satisfying their performance and security requirements.
Activity-Dependent Transcription Collaborates with Local Dendritic Translation to Encode Stimulus-Specificity in the Genome Binding of NPAS4

A new study in Cell (Brigidi et al., 2019) shows that local dendritic versus somatic translation of the neuronal activity-inducible transcription factor NPAS4 drives the formation of distinct heterodimers that enable stimulus-specificity to be encoded into the pattern of NPAS4 binding across the genome.
Morningstar Ratings and Mutual Fund Manager Turnover

This paper investigates the effect of Morningstar ratings on mutual fund manager replacement. We find that not only do Morningstar ratings affect the likelihood fund managers are replaced, but that Morningstar ratings are better predictors of manager replacement than alternative measures of fund performance. This finding is consistent with the finding that mutual fund investors respond to the Morningstar measure of performance. We also examine the changes in the management structure of funds that are made in conjunction with manager replacement in response to poor performance.
Comparing Scanning Electron Microscope and Transmission Electron Microscope Grain Mapping Techniques Applied to Well-Defined and Highly Irregular Nanoparticles.

Investigating how grain structure affects the functional properties of nanoparticles requires a robust method for nanoscale grain mapping. In this study, we directly compare the grain mapping abili...
Experimental and computational investigation of vinoxy and 1-methylvinoxy radicals from the unimolecular decay of alkyl-substituted Criegee intermediates

Abstract Unimolecular decay of syn-alkyl substituted Criegee intermediates, which form in the atmosphere via alkene ozonolysis, is an important source of vinoxy radicals, intermediates in many atmospheric processes. Vinoxy, CH2CHO, and 1-methylvinoxy, CH3CH2CO, were previously generated from alternative photochemical pathways and investigated spectroscopically. Here, vinoxy and 1-methylvinoxy are generated from the syn-CH3CHOO and (CH3)2COO Criegee intermediates, and detected via UV laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) on the B ∼ 2 A ″ - X ∼ 2 A ″ transition. Comparison with previously reported LIF spectra provides definitive identification of the vinoxy and 1-methylvinoxy radicals. High level, multireference calculations of the B ∼ - X ∼ transition energies agree well with experiment.
The Purnell Model and Theory for Cultural Competence

Purnell model for cultural competence has been classified as holographic complexity grand theory because it is applicable to all health professionals, has a graphic display of the model, and an extensive assessment framework based upon which the model is based. The model has been translated into Arabic, Czechoslovakian, Danish, French, German, Korean, Portuguese, Spanish, and Turkish. The model provides a comprehensive and systematic framework for learning and understanding culture and for use primarily in the clinical practice setting. The empirical framework provides a basis for health-care providers, educators, researchers, managers, and administrators in all health disciplines to provide holistic, culturally competent, therapeutic interventions; health promotion and wellness; illness, disease, and injury prevention; health maintenance and restoration; and health teaching across educational and practice settings. Reflective exercises are included for professionals to critically think about their beliefs, attitudes, and practices from a holistic perspective. An extensive assessment guide is included and can be adapted for use in the clinical setting. The twelve domains are overview/heritage, communication, family roles and organization, workforce issues, biocultural ecology, high-risk behaviors, nutrition, pregnancy, death rituals, spirituality, health-care practices, and health-care practitioners. Each population specific chapter is organized according to these 12 domains.
Metric Selection, Metric Targets, and Risk Adjustment Should be Considered in the Design of Gainsharing Models for Bundled Payment Programs in Total Joint Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Under bundled payment models, gainsharing presents an important mechanism to ensure engagement and reward innovation. We hypothesized that metric selection, metric targets, and risk adjustment would impact surgeons’ performance in gainsharing models. Methods Patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty at an urban health system from 2017 to September 2018 were included. Gainsharing metrics included the following: length of stay, % discharge-to-home, 90-day readmission rate, % of patients with episode spend under target price, and % of patients with patient-reported outcomes (PROs) collected. Four scenarios were created to evaluate how metric selection/adjustment impacted surgeons’ performance designation: scenario 1 used “aspirational targets” (>60th percentile), scenario 2 used “acceptable targets” (>50th percentile), scenario 3 risk-adjusted surgeon performance prior to comparing aspirational targets, and scenario 4 included a PRO collection metric. Number of metrics achieved determined performance tier, with higher tiers getting a greater share of the gainsharing pool. Results In total, 2776 patients treated by 12 surgeons met inclusion criteria (mean length of stay 3.0 days, readmission rate 4.0%, discharge-to-home 74%, episode spend under target price 85%, PRO collection 56%). Lowering of metric targets (scenario 1 vs. 2) resulted in a 75% increase in the number of high performers and 98% of the gainsharing pool being eligible for distribution. Risk adjustment (scenario 3) caused 50% of providers to move to higher performance tiers and potential payments to increase by 28%. Adding the PRO metric did not change performance. Conclusion Quality metric/target selection and risk adjustment profoundly impact surgeons’ performance in gainsharing contracts. This impacts how successful these contracts can be in driving innovation and dis-incentivizing the “cherry picking” of patients. Level of evidence Level III.
Causal holographic information does not satisfy the linearized quantum focusing condition

The Hubeny-Rangamani causal holographic information (CHI) defined by a region R of a holographic quantum field theory (QFT) is a modern version of the idea that the area of event horizons might be related to an entropy. Here the event horizon lives in a dual gravitational bulk theory with Newton’s constant Gbulk, and the relation involves a factor of 4Gbulk. The fact that CHI is bounded below by the von Neumann entropy S suggests that CHI is coarse-grained. Its properties could thus differ markedly from those of S. In particular, recent results imply that when d ≤ 4 holographic QFTs are perturbatively coupled to d-dimensional gravity, the combined system satisfies the so-called quantum focusing condition (QFC) at leading order in the new gravitational coupling Gd when the QFT entropy is taken to be that of von Neumann. However, by studying states dual to spherical bulk (anti-de Sitter) Schwarschild black holes in the conformal frame for which the boundary is a (2 + 1)-dimensional de Sitter space, we find the QFC defined by CHI is violated even when perturbing about a Killing horizon and using a single null congruence. Since it is known that a generalized second law (GSL) holds in this context, our work demonstrates that the QFC is not required in order for an entropy, or an entropy-like quantity, to satisfy such a GSL.
Growth of Flavobacterium columnare Genomovars in the Presence or Lack of Supplemental Cations

Flavobacterium columnare is a problematic pathogen for the aquaculture industry where isolates are classified by genomovars. Suspended growth in a low nutrient media, like tryptone yeast extract salts, is a common method used for laboratory study. The presence of calcium and magnesium is the factor contributing to growth, virulence, and biofilm formation for F. columnare. Exponential growth occurs within 24 h for F. columnare when grown in complete tryptone yeast extract salts medium at 30 oC. Withholding CaCl2 and MgSO4 components from a complete TYES formulation reduced or completely inhibited growth of genomovar I isolates but not the growth of genomovar II, IIB, or III isolates. Only 3 of 20 genomovar I isolates, MS-FC-4, FC-CSF-53, and 023-08-3, could achieve O.D. 540 readings ≥ 0.3 but only after 48-h incubation in cation-restricted TYES. Independently adding CaCl2 or MgSO4 to tryptone and yeast extracts did not result in a genomovar-specific growth phenotype, but generally demonstrated increased clumping with individual isolates presenting abnormal growth. Clumping formed filamentous strings that migrated to the top of the culture tube when isolates were grown in TYE+CaCl2. Several of the F. columnare isolates from all the genomovars exhibited delayed growth when a single cation source was provided. This study demonstrates phenotypic differences between and within genomovars of a single bacterial species when grown under different TYES media conditions.
Catalytic, aerobic depolymerization of epoxy thermoset composites

We present catalytic, aerobic conditions for depolymerizing amine-linked epoxy thermoset matrix polymers commonly used in high-performance carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials. Unlike other recycling methods, this process preserves the fibers aligned and woven in the same pattern as the parent material and returns valuable materials from the thermoset matrix.
Stable Isotopes of the Rare-Gas Elements and Related Particle-Track Studies

The rare gases are a chemically coherent group of very inert elements. Their inertness makes it possible to separate them from other elements by vacuum techniques, and makes them ideal for study in gas-source mass spectrometers. These techniques have been applied to many meteorites, and a large amount of high quality data has resulted. The data have bearing on various meteoritic properties. This section contains a discussion of information provided by the primordial rare gases: i.e., those which have not resulted from nuclear processes occurring within the meteoritic material. Radiogenic isotopes are discussed in Chapter X, and cosmogenic isotopes in Chapter XI. Reviews of rare-gas studies of meteorites are given by Pepin and Signer (1965) and Reynolds (1967).
Employment of Individuals With Developmental Disabilities

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses employment-related research guided by three theory driven approaches. The behavior-analysis approach focuses on applied issues and addresses topics directly related to the employment of workers with developmental disabilities. The taxonomic approach uses psychometric techniques to identify factors that interrelate worker abilities and task demands. The taxonomic system is seen as a way of addressing both applied and basic research issues. It can be used for selecting and placing workers based on how well their abilities "fit" job demands. It also can be used to interpret and predict human performance. The cognitive theory approach focuses on basic research issues and addresses topics related to understanding the processes that underlie motor movement, learning, and skilled performance.
Structure, function, evolution of transcription factor IIIA.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structure, function, and evolution of transcription factor (TF) IIIA. The large amount of cysteine in TFIIIA prompted an examination of the possible roles of metals in TFIIIA structure and function because cysteine is a metal chelator and not usually found in such large amounts in intracellular proteins. The zinc present in TFIIIA is loosely bound, as evidenced by complete chelation under very mild conditions. The primary structure of TFIIIA can be modeled into nine zinc binding domains, termed as “zinc finger,” in which a zinc ion is coordinated between two cysteines and two histidines. Finger region is the DNA-binding entity of the protein. TFIIIA has been initially shown to be required for the transcription of 5-S genes in cell extracts. In addition, TFIIIA promotes RNA polymerase-III-dependent transcription of 5-S genes by binding to the internal control region. In trying to understand the role of TFIIIA in the transcription of 5-S RNA genes, it is probably helpful to understand the way factors IIIC and IIIB and RNA polymerase III interact and promote the transcription of both tRNA and 5-S RKA genes. Moreover, the cloning and sequencing of TFIIIA cDNAs from other amphibian species have revealed that TFIIIA is not as highly conserved at the amino-acid level as are other DNA-binding proteins.
5′-Methylthioadenosine Phosphorylase Deficiency in Malignant Cells: Recessive Expression of the Defective Phenotype in Intra-Species (Mouse X Mouse) Hybrids

In 1977, Toohey reported that some mouse cell lines lacked the recently described purine metabolic enzyme, 5′-methylthio-adenosine (MTA) Phosphorylase (5′-methylthioadenosine:orthophosphate methylthioribosyltransferase)(1). Subsequently, we found the same enzyme deficiency in seven out of thirty-one established human malignant cell lines. In contrast, none of sixteen cell lines of benign origin lacked the enzyme (2).
Stress and deformation modeling of multiple rotary combustion engine trochoid housings

This paper documents the development of the capability to produce finite element models of alternate trochoid housing configurations. The effort needed to produce these models is greatly reduced by the use of a newly developed specialized finite element preprocessor which is described. The results of static stress comparisons conducted on a Mazda trochoid housing are presented. Planned future development of this modeling capability to operational situations is also presented.
Understanding ancient Maya water resources and the implications for a more sustainable future

Archeological research often provides a glimpse into the daily lives and generational outcomes of our collective past, but rarely does it lead to significant effects on living (and possibly future) populations. Understanding the impact early civilizations had on their environment has been an active area of study since the 1950s. As one of the most vital resources, water is central to many of these scholarly endeavors. Research has shown that land use is a primary factor on the functionality of a watershed. Our hypothesis is that simulating past climate and hydrology of a watershed with probable land use scenarios can create a virtual experiment to explore a range of conditions for water availability and use in prehistoric landscapes. The ancient Maya lived in a varied environment with highly seasonal precipitation and landscapes that required vastly different water management strategies. Many of these ancient centers maintained dense populations that ultimately forced unsustainable land use practices. Our approach is to apply simulated climate projections to evaluate the hydrologic performance of watersheds surrounding the Classic Maya sites of Palenque, Mexico and Tikal, Guatemala. An important conclusion from our work at Palenque is that virtual data can provide a plausible framework for assessing the sustainability of water use strategies, past and present. Conflict of interest: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.
Mathematical forms of the distribution of the product of two normal variables

This paper finds the mathematical forms of the distribution of the product where x and x follow a bivariate normal distribution In this paper the distribution when PT0 is expressed as an integral, a new, fundamental result. From this general form, six different cases can be distinguished depending on what is known about the parameters and p. The special cases are Aroian $year:1959 and (6) Additionally, we prove that if and as the distribution of the product approaches the Type III distribution. When p=0# Aroian $year:1959 and Aroian and Meeker $year:1977, give tables for various values of 6., 6 . The results in this paper will be used to provide brief tables for p^O in a separate paper
Effects of charge-based computation non-idealities on CMOS image compression sensors

We present a CMOS image sensor that performs focal plane image decomposition based on charge sharing computation circuitry. The effect of parasitic capacitance between capacitor bottom plate and substrate on the computational accuracy is discussed and a new circuit is also proposed to characterize the parasitic effects. The test results demonstrate that prediction based focal plane image compression can be realized inside the sensor array resulting in high compression performance using frame rate pixel parallel computation. This architecture can subsequently be combined with backend level testing encoding to form a complete compression sensor.
Child Abuse Programs and Pediatric Residency Training

Child maltreatment has become an increasingly important concern for pediatricians. The purpose of this study was to assess, via mailed questionnaires, the training and resources of pediatric residents in the area of child maltreatment. Responses were received from 72% of all US programs. The median amount of training was eight hours during the first and third years of training and seven hours during the second year; approximately half of this was clinical supervision in the care of maltreated children. Eighty-one percent of programs had an interdisciplinary team for suspected cases of child maltreatment. Only 17 of 167 programs reported a separate budget for their team. Although two thirds of programs were rated as adequate or better, 79% of respondents wanted to strengthen their teaching efforts. There appears to be a limited commitment by residency programs to enhance the competency of pediatricians in the area of child maltreatment. There is a need for improved training and resources.
Early Events in Parvovirus Replication: Lack of Integration by Minute Virus of Mice into Host Cell DNA

Viral DNA sequences were not detected in high-molecular-weight host DNA until well after the onset of viral DNA replication.
Lifetimes of 4+ and 2+ States in the Rotational Nuclei Dy 160 , Dy 162 , Er 166 , Er 168 , and Hf 180

Lifetimes of the 2+ and 4+ states of the ground-state rotational band were measured for five even-even rare-earth nuclei using delayed coincidence techniques. The half-lives obtained are presented in the following table in units of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ sec. The ratios $\frac{B(E2;4\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2)}{B(E2;2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0)}$ are calculated from these lifetimes using theoretical values for the internal conversion coefficients. In all cases this ratio is in excellent agreement with the value 10/7 predicted by the strong coupling model for rotational nuclei.A measurement of the lifetime of the 2.50-MeV 4+ state of ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{60}$ is also reported. A limit of ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{m}l5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$ sec was obtained for this state.
Early antibody response against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis antigens in subclinical cattle

Our laboratories have previously reported on the experimental infection of cattle with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) using an intratonsillar infection model. In addition, we have recently developed a partial protein array representing 92 M. paratuberculosis coding sequences. These combined tools have enabled a unique look at the temporal analysis of M. paratuberculosis antigens within the native host. The primary objective of this study was to identify M. paratuberculosis antigens detected by cattle early during infection. A secondary objective was to evaluate the humoral immune response in cattle during the initial year of infection. Sera from two experimentally infected cattle, taken pre-inoculation and at day 70, 194 and 321 post infection, identified dynamic antibody reactivity among antigens with some showing an increased response over time and others showing declining levels of reactivity over the same time period. A M. paratuberculosis specific protein, encoded by MAP0862, was strongly detected initially, but the antibody response became weaker with time. The most reactive protein was a putative surface antigen encoded by MAP1087. A second protein, MAP1204, implicated in virulence, was also strongly detected by day 70 in both cattle. Subsequent experiments showed that these two proteins were detected with sera from 5 of 9 naturally infected cattle in the subclinical stage of Johne's disease. Collectively these results demonstrate that M. paratuberculosis proteins are detected by sera from experimentally infected cattle as early as 70 days after exposure. These data further suggest at least two antigens may be useful in the early diagnosis of M. paratuberculosis infections. Finally, the construction and use of a protein array in this pilot study has led to a novel approach for discovery of M. paratuberculosis antigens.
Efficacy of activated charcoal and other agents in the reduction of hepatotoxic effects of a single dose of aflatoxin b1 in chickens

Liver injury caused by a toxic dose of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) (6 mg/kg, p.o.) in experimental chickens was measured by observing changes in hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 and the activity of microsomal benzphetamine N-demethylase and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT). However, simultaneous administration of activated charcoal, reduced glutathione (GSH), cysteine, selenium, beta-carotene or fisetin with aflatoxin B1 considerably reduced the toxic injury to liver as measured by the above parameters.
Hyperspherical coordinate approach to atomic and other Coulombic three-body systems

Abstract Developments in the application of hyperspherical coordinates in a unified treatment of bound states and resonances of two-electron atomic systems and other general Coulomb three-body systems are reviewed. It is shown that the nature of the internal normal modes of such three-body systems can be examined within the adiabatic approximation where the hyperradius is treated as an adiabatic parameter. From the nodal lines in the internal coordinates, it is shown how a set of new quantum numbers can be assigned. The most recent progress in the application of hyperspherical close coupling method to the photoabsorption of two-electron atoms and to rearrangement collisions is also addressed.
Preventing contrast-induced nephropathy: problems, challenges and future directions

Contrast-induced nephropathy is an injury to the kidney occurring as a result of exposure to intravascular contrast media. It results in both short- and long-term adverse events including mortality. Since treatment of the injury after it has occurred is ineffective, efforts to prevent the injury are the focus of investigators and clinicians alike. In this commentary, the pathogenesis and clinical relevance of contrast-induced nephropathy are reviewed. Prophylactic strategies are discussed with a focus on the use of meta-analysis of small single-center trials.
FLAVOR ENHANCEMENT OF RESTRUCTURED PORK

Restructured pork chops were formulated using boneless pork shoulders, 1% NaCl and .25% sodium tripolyphosphate (STP). Experimental treatment included (1) 90% pork—10% dried apples (A), (2) 100% pork (C), (3) 90% pork—10% corn crumbs (CC), and (4) 90% pork—10% mushrooms (M). All samples were stored at —20°C until evaluation at 10 or 70d. Corn crumbs appeared to have less potential as an enhancer due to their adverse effect on color, overall appearance, texture, tenderness and flavor. Dried apples appeared to impair product cohesion more than overall product and color stability. Mushrooms appeared to be a viable source for flavor and appearance enhancement. Among nonmeat ingredients evaluated, none enhanced texture. Storage time had minimal effect on product tenderness.
The Otherness that Is Only Difference: Theological Speculation for a Post-Traditional World

This essay creates a dialogue between George Steiner, Jacques Derrida, and Mark C. Taylor that seeks to address the need for new theological perspectives in a world overcome by the absence of God. In claiming that the current crisis of religious identity that plagues the Western world is the product of the breakdown of theological traditions, the essay attempts to explore the potential of that breakdown as the source for a new type of theological speculation that seeks the ultimate source of authentic religious identity in an otherness that is only difference. The result is a type of "atheology" that seeks to ground theological speculation in a Wholly Other whose inexplicable call leads us past the concept of "God" and toward an unknowing that is the only source of true knowledge.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease from allogeneic dura: A review of risks and safety

Abstract Surgeons and the lay public have recently expressed concern over the safety of allogeneic dura as it relates to the transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. Indeed, two cases have resulted from use of tissue procured from a commercial agency that did not adhere to criteria accepted by the American Association of Tissue Banks or the Southeast Organ Procurement Foundation. This review discusses the risks and safety of allogeneic dura. The findings should reassure the surgeon of the safety of allogeneic dura when it is properly processed and catalogued by abona fide, reputable tissue bank. To date, there have been no documented cases reported to the Center for Disease Control in which Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease was transmitted from allogeneic dura obtained from a registered tissue bank.
Coffin-Siris syndrome: review and presentation of new cases from a questionnaire study.

To clarify the phenotypic variability of Coffin-Siris syndrome, we present a review of the literature and 18 new cases. We performed a questionnaire study of patients ascertained through an international support group. Information on their sibs was available for comparison. The most frequent findings include some degree of mental retardation or developmental delay, "coarse" facial appearance, feeding difficulties, frequent infections, and hypoplastic to absent fifth fingernails and fifth distal phalanges. We discuss the key manifestations for diagnosis, medical and developmental implications, and possible pathogenesis.
Modal Testing for Validation of Blade Models

The focus of this paper is a test program designed for wind turbine blades. Model validation is a comprehensive undertaking which requires carefully designing and executing experiments, proposing appropriate physics-based models, and applying correlation techniques to improve these models based on the test data. Structural models are useful for making decisions when designing a new blade or assessing blade performance, and the process of model validation is needed to ensure the quality of these models. Blade modal testing is essential for validation of blade structural models, and this report discusses modal test techniques required to achieve validation. Choices made in the design of a modal test can significantly affect the final test result. This study aims to demonstrate the importance of the proper pre-test design and test technique for validating blade structural models.
Struggling to Understand the Stock Market

Economists are as perplexed as anyone by the behavior of the stock market. Figure 1 shows a broad measure of stock-market value in relation to GDP from 1947 through 2000. In addition to saw-tooth movements including the contraction in late 2000, the value of the stock market has large, low-frequency swings, moving upward from 1950 to 1965, then downward to 1982, and upward until early 2000. I entertain the hypothesis that these large movements are the result of rational (if not accurate) appraisal of the cash likely to be received by shareholders in the future. The hypothesis receives some support from work by financial economists showing that irrational markets create profit opportunities for active traders and that passive traders consistently earn higher returns. Most of my discussion will be complementary to the work of financial economists—I will look at the fundamentals underlying stock-market values. The lecture considers three potential contributors to the big movements shown in Figure 1:
Effect of 4,6-Dinitro-o-sec-butylphenol on Phosphorus Accumulation and Incorporation in Tomato Leaf Disks

The accumulation and incorporation of externally applied P 32 into ATP and the effect of 4,6-dinitro-o-sec-butylphenol (DNBP) on these processes was studied, using tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) leaf disks. P 32 was, in most part, actively accumulated into leaf disks with time and was incorporated into ATP and other organic phosphates. DNBP inhibited both P 32 accumulation and ATP generation. The amount of inhibition increased with time of incubation. It is concluded that P 32 accumulation is related to ATP generation. Even though DNBP greatly inhibits phosphorus accumulation, there is little or no effect on its retention. DNBP has the ability to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, it is assumed that its inhibitory effect on phosphate accumulation and generation of high-energy phosphorus esters is related to its inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. A method is described which appears to be satisfactory to determine the relative amounts of ATP and ADP in leaf disks labeled with P 32 .
An Acoustic Emission-Based Method for Determining Relative Orientation Between a Tool and Workpiece at the Micro-Scale

An acoustic emission-based touch-off detection system has been developed to determine the relative orientation between a rotating micro-tool and a workpiece surface with micron-level accuracy. The system has been implemented on an existing 3-axis micro-scale machine tool (mMT). The system has been tested with micro-endmills as small as 50 μm in diameter and micro-drills as small as 254 μm in diameter. The accuracy of the system has been found to depend on tool geometry and workpiece surface characteristics and is generally on the order of one micron. An analytical model has been constructed to predict touch-off detection error. The calibrated model has been shown to predict surface overshoot and undershoot trends quite well. Simulations have shown that touch-off error is dominated by part surface roughness.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Effects of Pre-pregnancy Obesity, Race/Ethnicity and Prematurity

To investigate the association between maternal pre-pregnancy obesity, race/ethnicity and prematurity. Retrospective cohort study of maternal deliveries at a single regional center from 2009 to 2010 time period (n = 11,711). Generalized linear models were used for the analysis to estimate an adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval of the association between maternal pre-pregnancy obesity, race/ethnicity and prematurity. Analysis controlled for diabetes, chronic hypertension, previous preterm birth, smoking and insurance status. The demographics of the study population were as follows, race/ethnicity had predominance in the White/Non-Hispanic population with 60.1%, followed by the Black/Non-Hispanic population 24.2%, the Hispanic population with 10.3% and the Asian population with 5.4%. Maternal pre-pregnancy weight showed that the population with a normal body mass index (BMI) was 49.4%, followed by the population being overweight with 26.2%, and last, the population which was obese with 24.4%. Maternal obesity increased the odds of prematurity in the White/Non-Hispanic, Hispanic and Asian population (aOR 1.40, CI 1.12-1.75; aOR 2.20, CI 1.23-3.95; aOR 3.07, CI 1.16-8.13, respectively). Although the Black/Non-Hispanic population prematurity rate remains higher than the other race/ethnicity populations, the Black/Non-Hispanic population did not have an increased odds of prematurity in obese mothers (OR 0.87; CI 0.68-1.19). Unlike White/Non-Hispanic, Asian and Hispanic mothers, normal pre-pregnancy BMI in Black/Non-Hispanic mothers was not associated with lower odds for prematurity. The odds for mothers of the White/Non-Hispanic, Hispanic and Asian populations, for delivering a premature infant, were significantly increased when obese. Analysis controlled for chronic hypertension, diabetes, insurance status, prior preterm birth and smoking. Obesity is a risk factor for prematurity in the White/Non-Hispanic, Asian and Hispanic population, but not for the Black/Non-Hispanic population. The design and evaluation of weight-based maternal health programs that aggregate race/ethnicity may not be sufficient. The optimal method to address maternal pre-pregnancy and intra-pregnancy weight-related health disorders may need to be stratified along race/ethnicity adjusted strategies and goals. However, a more global preventative strategy that encompasses the social determinants of health may be needed to reduce the higher rates of prematurity among the Black/Non-Hispanic population.
Multiple intramolecular scattering effects on electron diffraction patterns for the ReF6 molecule

Abstract The effects of multiple elastic intramolecular scattering in electron diffraction was studied in the second Born approximation. The first order triple scattering contribution including the vibrational average was obtained for the ReF 6 molecule. The results were divided into a sine and cosine contribution both with the periodicity of the Re-F bond length. The cosine contribution was found to be in excellent agreement with the difference between theoretical and experimental reduced molecular intensity curves reported by Jacob and Bartell.
Neuroadaptation of presbyopia-correcting intraocular lenses

Purpose of reviewAdvances in the design of intraocular lenses give options to patients for some return to the optical accommodation needed to focus on objects at different distances. Technology is only improving these options for presbyopic-correcting intraocular lenses. Surgeons must consider the p
The impact of organizational and environmental factors on staffing in home health care

Home health care agencies are experiencing changes in staffing demands. I evaluated the staffing patterns of such agencies and investigated the impact of organizational and environmental factors on staffing. Disproportionate stratified random sampling, based on type and region of agency, was used to select Visiting Nurse Associations and hospital-based agencies. Seventy-three percent responded to the mail survey, 120 and 156, respectively.) On average, the majority of staff nurses and supervisors in individual agencies had associate degrees or diplomas. Nursing experience and medical-surgical nursing experience were of greater importance than having a B.S.N. or home health care experience for potential nursing applicants. Type, size, and age of agency and types of services provided had relatively little impact on staffing patterns. However, the director's degree was associated with the percentage of staff nurses and supervisors by educational degree. Competition had little impact on staffing patterns, although the extent of rural service area and Medicare involvement were related to educational backgrounds of nurses and hiring preferences.
Analysis of the activation status of Akt, NFkappaB, and Stat3 in human diffuse gliomas

Loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene contribute to the progression of gliomas. As downstream targets of the PTEN and EGFR signaling pathways, Akt, NFkappaB, and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (Stat3) have been shown to play important roles in the control of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and oncogenesis. We examined the activation status of Akt, NFkappaB, and Stat3 in 259 diffuse gliomas using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry, and evaluated their association with glioma grade. We observed significant positive correlations between the activation status of Akt and NFkappaB and glioma grade. In contrast, only focal immunoreactivity for phospho-Stat3 was observed in < 9% of high-grade gliomas. In addition, we observed a significant correlation between the activation of Akt and NFkappaB. Functional correlation between Akt activation and the activation of NFkappaB was confirmed in U251MG GBM cells in which inhibition of Akt activation either by stable expression of PTEN or by the PI3-kinase inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294002, led to a concomitant decrease in NFkappaB-binding activity. Thus, our results demonstrate that constitutive activation of Akt and NFkappaB, but not Stat3, contributes significantly to the progression of diffuse gliomas, and activation of Akt may lead to NFkappaB activation in high-grade gliomas.
Preparation of tissues for DNA flow cytometric analysis

A method for measuring DNA in tissue cells by flow cytometry utilizing a one step combination nuclear isolation-DNA fluorochrome staining procedure is described. A variety of cells and tissues, both in vivo and in vitro, was used to illustrate the universal nature of this technique. These included murine bone marrow, liver testicle, sarcoma brain tumor, rat pancreatic islets, human peripheral blood, colon mucosa, colon cancer, sarcoma and brain tumor tissues. A special nuclear isolation medium, which contained either of the DNA fluorochromes, 4',6-diamidino-2 phenylindole-2 HCl or propidium iodide, was utilized successfully to isolate single suspensions of DNA fluorochrome stained nuclei in a rapid (5-10 min), consistent manner from a variety of tissues and cells. Multiple sampling of the same tissue or comparison between whole tissues and their single cell isolates showed that a representative sample was being obtained.
Analysis of the resonance in H+D2→HD (ν′=3) + D

Abstract The resonance recently observed by Fernandez-Alonso et al. at a total energy of 1.83 eV for H+D 2 (ν=j=0)→ HD (ν′=3,j′=0)+ D is analyzed in terms of a locally vibrationally adiabatic model. The resonance is assigned as a ν 1 =3, ν 2 =0 vibrational state of a D–DH complex with total angular momentum quantum numbers of about 20, and it is associated with a vibrationally adiabatic barrier at a D–D distance of 2.9 to 3.1 a 0 . The assignment explains the preferential decay into the ν ′=3, j ′=0 state of HD.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Models of Progranulin-Deficient Frontotemporal Dementia Uncover Specific Reversible Neuronal Defects

The pathogenic mechanisms of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) remain poorly understood. Here we generated multiple induced pluripotent stem cell lines from a control subject, a patient with sporadic FTD, and an FTD patient with a novel heterozygous GRN mutation (progranulin [PGRN] S116X). In neurons and microglia differentiated from PGRN S116X induced pluripotent stem cells, the levels of intracellular and secreted PGRN were reduced, establishing patient-specific cellular models of PGRN haploinsufficiency. Through a systematic screen of inducers of cellular stress, we found that PGRN S116X neurons, but not sporadic FTD neurons, exhibited increased sensitivity to staurosporine and other kinase inhibitors. Moreover, the serine/threonine kinase S6K2, a component of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, was specifically downregulated in PGRN S116X neurons. Both increased sensitivity to kinase inhibitors and reduced S6K2 were rescued by PGRN expression. Our findings identify cell-autonomous, reversible defects in patient neurons with PGRN deficiency, and provide a compelling model for studying PGRN-dependent pathogenic mechanisms and testing potential therapies.
OpenDSA: a creative commons active-ebook (abstract only)

OpenDSA is an open-source, community-based effort to create a complete active-eBook for Data Structures and Algorithms courses at the undergraduate level. Active-eBooks go beyond hypertextbooks, being a close integration of text and images with interactive visualizations and assessment activities. They solve two major problems: The difficulty of conveying dynamic process with static media, and the need by students to have many practice exercises and immediate feedback. Development in HTML5/JavaScript allows maximum portability. OpenDSA will proceed with broad participation from the algorithm visualization community. Focusing on reuse of materials, instructors can pick and choose content and modify as desired.
The reaction of S-methylglucosylisothiourea with histidine

Abstract The treatment of histidine with S -methylglucosylisothiourea at pH 8.4 resulted in the formation of five Pauly-reactive histidine derivatives which could be separated by paper electrophoresis. A resolution of this mixture could also be achieved on Dowex 50 although there was some indication that the sugar residue had been cleaved from at least two of the components during chromatography. Chromatography on cellulose columns permitted the isolation of the two main products of the reaction. From the analytical data obtained on these two compounds, it is suggested that these are derivatives of histidine in which one glucosylamidyl group is attached to the α-amino N and another to carbons 2 or 4 of the imidazole ring.
A Study of Critical Baseline Performance Characteristics for IEEE 802.16e-2005

In this study we present our findings of important IEEE 802.16e-2005 performance characteristics. This study is part of our ongoing study of wireless communications technologies for the FRA and provides details about our approach to modeling various channel effects, such as Doppler shift and Rician fading, details of the effect of link quality conditions, expected throughput and distance characteristics, as well as the impact of multi-hop and multi-user scenarios. Based on our simulation model we can find a maximum throughput of approximately 69 Mbps and a maximum distance of 31 miles, making IEEE 802.16e-2005 a promising candidate of addressing many critical requirements for large-scale deployments in environments such as the railroad industry. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive analysis that will assist others in understanding 802.16e-2005 performance and guiding future network deployments.
Tracing the paths of modern humans from Africa.

In the 1980s, genetic and fossil evidence began to call attention to Africa’s preeminence in the origins of modern human populations (1), but this evidence could be interpreted in two fundamentally different ways (2). Was Africa’s role greater than other continents because it always harbored a larger human population (size) or because modern humans arose in Africa first and subsequently expanded their range across the world (time)? In the 2000s, improvements in DNA sequencing technology and genetic sampling of more present day human groups made it possible to accurately characterize the genetic diversity of groups from different regions of the world, and it became clear that within-group genetic diversity decreased predictably with increased geographic distance from sub-Saharan Africa (3, 4). Subsequently, similar, albeit weaker, relationships were found between within-group variation in aspects of skeletal morphology (cranial, dental, and pelvic measurements) and distance from sub-Saharan Africa (5⇓⇓–8). These results effectively settled the size vs. time debate, because it was hard to imagine how the observed geographic distribution of within-group diversity could have arisen without a recent range expansion of modern humans from Africa. However, how exactly did the …
Synthesis and characterization of lactose based resorcinol resin

Resorcinol-lactose resin was synthesized using phosphoric acid as the catalyst at 95°C. 13C-NMR measurements proved that the chemical reaction is initiated at the 4- or 6-carbon position in benzene ring. Sample separation by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) technology indicated that the resin consists of reacting mixtures of oligomer of lactose, glucose, and galacose with resorcinol. The resin, using a by product of diary industry as a main component, could be potentially applied as a novel adhesive to the wood process industry. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2581–2585, 2002
Chaotic algorithm for surface estimation

Abstract This paper describes the use of mathematical procedures for simulating surface phenomena related to natural environmental features. Surface estimation methods fall into three major classes: deterministic methods, stochastic methods and a third class based on theories of chaos and fractals. This third class of methods is relatively new and therefore not as well developed as the first two classes. One of the major uses for this class of interpolators is in the graphical representation and modeling of natural phenomena.