cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic imaging: finding the critical features.

The clinical interpreter of a diagnostic image has the task of reducing the information displayed-in the order of a megabyte-to a set of classifications that convey answers to specialized diagnostic questions-in the order of just a few bits. A high-dimensional feature space is thereby reduced to a low-dimensional feature space. This paper reviews the features available in x-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and diagnostic ultrasound that derive from the geometry and the physics of the imaging process. An example is drawn from diagnostic ultrasound to demonstrate an objective assessment of a small feature space and the utility of adding back additional features. The assessment is based on the methodology of the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Motivation is provided for use of this fundamental tool from statistical decision theory, together with definitions of the quantities involved in scoring performance.
Do Productivity and Environmental Trade-offs Justify Periodically Cultivating No-till Cropping Systems?

No-till management has been shown to increase soil aggregation, reduce erosion rates, and increase soil organic matter across a range of soil types, cropping systems, and climates. Few agricultural practices provide similar opportunities to deliver positive benefits for farmers, sodety, and the environment. The potential benefits of no-till are not being fully realized, however, in large part because no-till is rarely practiced continuously and many fields suitable for no-till are still conventionally tilled. We present here three arguments, based on recent research, in support of the agronomic and environmental benefits of continuous no-till: (i) although there exist agronomic challenges with no-till, long-term yields in these systems can equal or exceed those in tilled soils; (ii) cultivating no-till systems can decrease soil aggregation and accelerate C and N losses so rapidly that years of soil restoration can be undone within weeks to months; and (iii) over time, changes in soil structure and organic matter, coupled with producer adaptation to the need for spatially and temporally explicit chemical applications, increase plant N availability and reduce environmental N losses. At least-in theory, then, continuous no-till can be widely practiced to improve the environment and maintain yields with little or no economic sacrifice by producers. In practice, however, many diverse challenges still limit no-till adoption in different regions. These challenges are surmountable, but potential solutions need to be interdisciplinary and address the ecological and especially the social and economic constraints to deploying continuous no-till.
IIp45 inhibits cell migration through inhibition of HDAC6

IIp45 (aka MIIP) is a newly discovered gene whose protein product inhibits cell migration. HDAC6 is a class IIb deacetylase that specifically deacetylates α-tubulin, modulates microtubule dynamics, and promotes cell migration. A yeast two-hybrid assay using IIp45 as bait identified HDAC6 protein as a binding partner of IIp45. This physical interaction of the two functionally antagonistic proteins was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase pulldown assay and co-immunoprecipitation assay in human cells. Serial deletion constructs of HDAC6 were used to characterize the interaction of HDAC6 and IIp45, and this analysis found that the two catalytic domains of HDAC6 protein are required for IIp45 binding. We examined the protein expression patterns of IIp45 and HDAC6 in glioma tissues. Elevated protein levels of HDAC6 were found in high grade glioma samples, in contrast to the decreased protein expression of IIp45. The potential negative regulation of HDAC6 expression by IIp45 was confirmed in cell lines with altered IIp45 expression by constitutive overexpression or small interfering RNA knockdown. Protein turnover study revealed that overexpression of IIp45 significantly reduces the intracellular protein stability of endogenous HDAC6, indicating a possible mechanism for the negative regulation of HDAC6 by IIp45. Results from the HDAC activity assay demonstrated that overexpressed IIp45 effectively decreases HDAC6 activity, increases acetylated α-tubulin, and reduces cell migration. The increased cell migration resulting from siIIp45 knockdown was significantly reversed by co-transfection of siHDAC6. Thus, we report here for the first time a novel mechanism by which IIp45 inhibits cell motility through inhibition of HDAC6.
A 350-μm array polarimeter using translational modulators

We describe a polarimeter that will be a testbed for a novel polarization modulator. This modulator is composed of two modified Martin-Puplett interferometers in which the input polarization state is transformed by adjusting the phase delays between linear orthogonal polarizations in each of the two stages. This type of modulator represents a potential improvement over existing technology in the following three ways. First, these modulators can fully characterize the polarization state by measuring Stokes Q, U, and V. The characterization of V is especially useful as a diagnostic for systematic errors. Second, the Martin-Puplett modulators can be easily retuned to observe at multiple frequencies. Finally, the small translations required for modulation can be accomplished with fewer moving parts than the rotational motions in wave plate modulators, thus potentially leading to modulators with longer lifetimes than those currently employed in polarimeters. The next generation of polarimeters, designed for both the study of Galactic magnetic fields in the far-infrared and submillimeter and the measurement of the polarized component of the Cosmic Microwave Background, will need to incorporate modulators with these attributes. This prototype polarimeter will be a modified version of the Hertz polarimeter that had until recently been operating on the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. After modification, Hertz will be moved to the Heinrich Hertz Telescope in Arizona. We will utilize dynamic scheduling to efficiently observe during the best fraction of weather at this site.
Relational demography, communication and cognitive differences among top managers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to attempt to verify the predicted relationship between the demographic (i.e. tenure, functional background, etc.) difference and cognitive difference among top managers and examine how such a relationship is affected by the communication among top managers.Design/methodology/approach – The authors hypothesized that there is a positive relationship between demographic deviation and cognitive deviation of a focal manager on a TMT, and that such a relationship is mediated by the degree of communication that the focal manager has with other team members on the TMT. Using Structural Equation Modeling techniques, these hypotheses were tested based on a sample of 348 top managers that consist of 28 top management teams.Findings – It was found that the hypothesized relationship between demographic deviation and cognitive deviation of a focal top manager was supported with respect to the tenure of a manager, but not the functional background of a manager. Moreover, it was fo...
Requirements for laser radar detection of a barium ion cloud at five earth radii.

The requirements for a tuned laser radar capable of detecting and ranging a high altitude barium ion cloud release are discussed. A high energy pulsed dye laser tuned to the 455.4 nm Ba II resonance line is considered as the transmitter. Photon counting detection is employed and the resultant signal is integrated over a number of successive laser firings. The solar induced radiance of the cloud is the major background noise source. Detection and ranging may be achieved with signal-to-noise ratios of the order of unity using currently available equipment. This technique has the potential of improved resolution as compared to photographic measurements previously made.
A safe signaling device for use in measuring consummatory behavior in the automated aversion therapy of alcoholics

This article describes an accurate device used for safely reporting a drinking consummatory response, for the purpose of delivering an electrical stimulus contingent upon that response. The article also gives a brief description of the possible hazards posed by the use of electronic sensing devices, and a detailed description of a shot glass engineered to avoid these complications, along with a record demonstrating its reliable use in an automated alcoholic conditioning program.
257 Acute Interstitial Nephritis Associated with Sitagliptin Use

ACUTE INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS ASSOCIATED WITH SITAGLIPTIN USE Mohammad Quasem, Yan Liu. United Health Services Hospitals, Binghamton, New York, USA. Sitagliptin is an oral hypoglycemic agent classified under Dipeptidyl 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. It is used for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Apart from hypoglycemia, common adverse effects are mainly nasopharyngitis (5%) and gastrointestinal (2-4%). No report of acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) from Sitagliptin has, so far, been reported although a case of rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure (ARF) from combination of Sitagliptin and Simvastatin was reported about two years ago (Diabet Med: 2008). We present a patient who developed ARF after starting Sitagliptin. She developed an erythematous rash day after Sitagliptin was started which rapidly spread all over her body. At the same time, her renal function also got worse with serum creatinine as high as 4.2 after six days (baseline serum creatinine 1.5-1.7) with peripheral blood leukocytosis and eosinophilia. Sitagliptin was discontinued and patient was put on steroid. Renal function gradually returned to baseline. Drugs are the most common cause of AIN. Although kidney biopsy was not done, the clinical scenario, the time course of drug exposure and improvement of renal function on withdrawal (plus steroid) suggested Sitagliptin was the cause. With the widespread use of Sitagliptin, increased awareness for AIN is needed.
Euglyphid Testate Amoebae (Rhizaria: Euglyphida) from an Arctic Eocene Waterbody: Evidence of Evolutionary Stasis in Plate Morphology For Over 40 Million Years

Well-preserved siliceous plates representing multiple species of euglyphids are described from a Middle Eocene maar lake deposit located near the Arctic Circle in northern Canada. Siliceous plate morphotypes including scutiform, rectangular, hexagonal, oval and circular body forms, six apertural plate types containing from five to thirteen teeth and spine plates, are documented. Many plate types bear resemblance to those found on modern species as well as ones documented from Miocene sites. These findings extend the known geological record for euglyphids and support the concept of evolutionary stasis in regards to plate morphology over much of the Cenozoic. Future use of these euglyphid remains, in conjunction with other microfossil assemblages, for reconstructing historical conditions within the maar lake is discussed.
DECLINE IN MENTAL DEVELOPMENT AND INFANT-MOTHER ATTACHMENT SCORES IN INFANTS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE MOTHERS

A cohort of 24 physically and neurologically normal infants followed in a special pediatric clinic designed for care of off-spring of substance abusing mothers† was evaluated at ages 1 and 2 years with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development and with a modification of the Ainsworth-Bell Infant-Mother Attachment Scale. The 11 male and 13 female infants were from a low income Hispanic background. Mean Bayley Mental Scores (MDI) declined from 95.5 at 1 year to 87.3 at 2 years. At 1 year of age 80% of children had normal MDI scores (mean=95.5) and 20% had suspect scores (mean=83.0). When re-tested at age 2, 67% were normal (mean=87.3), 29% were suspect (mean=80.8) and 1 female infant was abnormal (67.0). Of the 7 infants with suspect scores, 5 were male and 2 were female. When infant-mother attachment behavior was evaluated at 1 year, 83% were found to be normal, 17% suspect or abnormal. Normal second year attachment behavior was found in 71% of the sample with 29% suspect or abnormal. All 7 children with suspect/abnormal attachment behavior at 2 years showed a decline in mental score from the first year. Four of these had fallen from normal to suspect category. In summary, infants of substance abuse mothers showed a decline in Bayley mental scores and a decline in appropriate attachment behavior over the first 2 years. Test results suggest that male infants may be more vulnerable to this decline. Health providers must recognize that these families need long term support. †Herion, PCP, polydrugs.
1‐benzyl‐1,2, 3, 4‐tetrahydroisoquinolines

The syntheses of 1-benzyl-1,2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-isoquinolines, particularly phenolic derivatives, are described. Preliminary pharmacological data also are reported.
IRAS: Taking inventory

Even though its active life has ended, the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) continues to make new discoveries as scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., pore over data from the orbiting satellite's year-long survey of the infrared universe. IRAS ran out of the cryogenic fluid that kept its telescope and detectors cold enough for sensitive, infrared observations last November, thus ending the survey phase of the international project. Now begins the detailed study of IRAS data and the preparation of maps and catalogues of all infrared sources found by the satellite for distribution to the scientific community. Among the discoveries already credited to IRAS are a ring of solid particles, possibly an evolving solar system, around the bright star Vega; six previously unknown comets; three narrow rings of dust lying within the plane of the solar system that may be the remains of asteroid or comet collisions; a small body designated 1983 TB that appears to be the burned-out cometary source of the annual Geminid meteor shower, and which passes closer to the sun at its perihelion than any planet or known asteroid; and many new and fascinating stellar and galactic sources.
Quantitative histological distribution of isocitric dehydrogenase in the rat adrenal with effects of adrenocorticotropin, and determination of the enzyme in microgram samples of tissue.

A microfluorometric adaptation of the spectrophotometric method for determination of isocitric dehydrogenase activity was developed for use with μg samples of tissue, e.g., microtome sections. The method was based on measurement of NADPH formed when NADP oxidizes isocitrate. A study was carried out of the quantitative histological distribution of the enzyme in the rat adrenal, and the influence of single subcutaneous injections of ACTH insaline solution (25 mg/kg), as well as of injections (10 mg/rat) twice daily for 5 days of ACTH in gel. These treatments had little effect on the activity or its localization, which was maximal in the reticularis and the fascicular-reticular border zone. The relationship of the isocitric dehydrogenase activity to formation of NADPH for steroid biosynthesis in the adrenal was considered. (Endocrinology 83: 596, 1968)
An interface for exploring spatial alternatives for a corridor location problem

Abstract The location of corridors or rights-of-way across a landscape for the purpose of siting a facility such as a power transmission line has been the subject of much research. Many different computerized models have been developed to address this design and layout problem. Any environmental review usually requires that alternative routes be considered. Thus, the value of a model can be measured not only in terms of determining a good solution but in supporting the search for good alternatives as well. Such problems have been posed as multiobjective programming models. This paper presents a novel user interface that is designed to help explore possible alternative corridors. This new interface allows for exploration in terms of both objective space and decision space and could be modified for other spatial decision-making problems as well.
RNA associated with nonhistone chromosomal proteins of dog liver.

Abstract The nonhistone chromosomal proteins were separated on Sephadex G-200 into 3 fractions of which two were associated with 3S RNA. The RNA eluted with fraction I (guanine + cytosine content 54%) is tightly bound to the proteins from which it can be separated only after digestion with pronase. The RNA associated with fraction III (guanine + cytosine content 64%) can be separated from the proteins directly by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A 25. No dihydropyrimidines have been detected in any of the two RNAs.
Evaluated of spin Hamiltonian parameters of electron-nuclear spin-coupled systems from EPR data by the method of least-squares fitting

Abstract Details of a rigorous least-squares fitting procedure for the evaluation of spin-Hamiltonian parameters from EPR data for electron-nuclear spin-coupled systems are given. In this method, all EPR line positions corresponding to several orientations of the external magnetic field are simultaneously fitted. Feynman's theorem is used in order to employ numerical techniques on a digital computer for the required calculations. Details are provided of the steps taken to minimize the computer time, as well as to achieve the convergence of the iterative procedure. The procedure is illustrated by application to the x-band room temperature EPR data obtained for the electron-nuclear spin-coupled system of Mn2+ doping single crystal of ZnSiF6·6H2O.
The in vitro detection of defects in temperature sensitive RNA polymerases from mutants of Salmonella typhimurium.

Assay conditions are described which permit detection of cryptic temperature sensitive RNA polymerases in vitro. RNA polymerase was prepared from fifteen different temperature sensitive mutants of Salmonella typhimurium chosen at random from a larger group isolated by localized mutagenesis and uridine suicide techniques. The dependence of enzyme activity on temperature, ionic strength and pH was studied in vitro. Assays at higher ionic strength (0.23 M) and temperature (50°C) distinguish three classes of mutants (Table 2). Activity of seven mutant RNA polymerases (called Class 1) under these conditions was 1% to 5% that of the parental RNA polymerase. Five mutant RNA polymerases (called Class 2) had 18% to 64% of the parental activity and three were not distinguishable from the parental enzyme under these conditions. Mixing experiments showed that the defect in Class 1 mutant enzymes is a property of the enzymes and not due to a diffusible inhibitor. In one case the lesion was shown to reside in the core enzyme. Class 1 mutant RNA polymerases were shown to be irreversibly inactivated during the assay at higher temperature and ionic strength. This suggests that the Class 1 enzymes may be more thermolabile than the wild type enzyme or may fail to be protected from thermal denaturation by formation of a ternary complex with template and product. We conclude that the method used to isolate these mutants (Young et al., 1976) and the assay described here (Table 2) are efficient ways to isolate and detect temperature sensitive RNA polymerase mutants of Salmonella typhimurium.
Anesthesiologists and perioperative communication.

LOOK up communication in a major anesthesiology text, a medical dictionary, or reference book on legal issues and you will not find the word listed, except in the most qualified sense. Yet read these books and you find ample evidence of the importance of communication in anesthesia practice. The word derives from the Latin communicare, meaning to impart, participate. Anesthesiologists, other health professionals, and patients communicate on multiple levels every day. Anesthesiologists participate in activities involving complex social transactions with medical, legal, ethical, and personal significance. They also impart and receive information that affects their participation in other medical professionals’ actions. The quality and quantity of anesthesiologists’ communications has a bearing on the values, outcomes, and standards of their professional work. Recognizing the importance of communication, the American Society of Anesthesiologists has charged the Committee on Communication to “improve public education as it relates to anesthesiology.”‡ Good communication is as important to protecting professional integrity as it is to patient safety and satisfaction. For these reasons, it is as important for anesthesiologists to pay attention to the structure and function of professional communication as it is to learn the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs.
Rotation and Heating of the Planet Mercury

RECENT radar observations1 and subsequent discussions2,3 indicate that the rotational period of Mercury may be coupled4 to its orbital period in the ratio 2 : 3. Here we examine the insolation and surface temperatures that would result from such coupling and consider some observable consequences.
Impact of land use on Costa Rican tropical montane cloud forests: Sensitivity of cumulus cloud field characteristics to lowland deforestation

[1] Recent studies have shown that there has been a reduction in dry season moisture input from direct interception of cloud water and wind-blown mist at the lee edge of the Monteverde cloud forest, Costa Rica, since the mid 1970s. This reduction of moisture could be responsible for the population crashes of anurans observed in the region. It has been hypothesized that this behavior is a result of increases in cloud base height, linked to increased sea surface temperatures. In this study we present a complementary hypothesis, that deforestation upwind of the Monteverde cloud forest preserve is responsible for the observed changes in cloud base height. An automated cumulus cloud classification scheme extracts monthly spatial maps of the frequency of occurrence of cumulus cloudiness over Costa Rica from GOES 8 visible channel satellite imagery. We find that cumulus cloud formation in the morning hours over deforested regions is suppressed compared to forested areas. The degree of suppression appears to be related to the extent of deforestation. This difference in cloud formation between forested and deforested areas is a clear signal of land use change influencing the regional climate. Regional Atmospheric Modeling System numerical modeling simulations are used to explore the differences in cloud field characteristics over the lowland pasture and forest landscapes. Statistically significant differences in cloud base height and cloud thickness occur between the forest and pasture simulations. Clouds have higher base heights and are thinner over pasture landscapes than over forested ones. On the other hand, these simulations show no statistically significant differences in cloud top heights, cloud cover, mean cloud water mixing ratio, or cloud liquid water path between pasture and forest simulations. However, in the simulations there are enhanced sensible heat fluxes and reduced latent heat fluxes over pasture compared to forest. It is the drier and warmer air over pasture surfaces that results in the formation of elevated thinner clouds. This study suggests that deforestation results in warmer, drier air upwind of the Monteverde cloud forests and that this could influence the base height of orographic cloudbanks crucial to the region during the dry season.
Toxicity of aflatoxin Q1 as evaluated with the chicken embryo and bacterial auxotrophs

Abstract Aflatoxin Q 1 , the major metabolite of aflatoxin B 1 by man and monkey livers in vitro , was evaluated to be approximately 18 times less toxic than aflatoxin B 1 by the air cell route in the chicken embryo test. No mutagenic activity was detected by the bacterial mutagenesis test, using Salmonella typhimurium TA 1538 with or without microsomal activation at the concentration tested.
Value of internal thoracic artery grafting to the left anterior descending coronary artery at coronary reoperation.

Objectives The study sought to determine if left internal thoracic artery (LITA) grafting of the left anterior descending (LAD) at reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) improves patient outcomes. Background LITA grafting to the LAD is the gold standard for primary CABG, but its value for reoperative CABG is unknown. Methods From January 1985 to January 2007, reoperative CABG was performed in 3,473 patients who did not receive a LITA during their primary CABG and whose anterior myocardium (LAD) was at risk at reoperation: 2,389 had LITA grafting and 1,084 saphenous vein (SV) grafting to the LAD. Propensity matching (908 matched pairs) was used for balanced comparison of outcomes. Follow-up was continued to 20 years post-operatively, with a mean follow-up of 11 ± 8.2 years. Results Unadjusted hospital mortality was 2.2% and 6.5% in the LITA and SV groups, respectively (p Conclusions LITA-to-LAD grafting at reoperation is safe and confers a risk-adjusted survival advantage. When appropriate, a LITA should be used to revascularize the LAD at coronary reoperations.
Effects of chronic monoamine oxidase inhibitor treatment on biogenic amine metabolism in rat brain

Abstract The effects of acute and chronic administration of phenelzine and tranylcypromine on rat brain monoamine metabolism have been examined. Peak increases in norepinephrine, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine occurred between 1 and 7 days with monoamine oxidase inhibitor treatments followed by a gradual decline in brain monoamines towards control levels with continued chronic drug administration. There was an associated adaptive increase in tryptophan hydroxylase but no change in tyrosine hydroxylase activity with chronic phenelzine treatment. Tranylcypromine did not affect tryptophan hydroxylase or tyrosine hydroxylase activities but was associated with a significant increase in aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity after 14 and 21 days of treatment.
Effect of mono- and multivalent salts on angle-dependent attractions between charged rods

Using molecular dynamics simulations we examine the effective interactions between two like-charged rods as a function of angle and separation. In particular, we determine how the competing electrostatic repulsions and multivalent-ion-induced attractions depend upon concentrations of simple and multivalent salts. We find that with increasing multivalent salt, the stable configuration of two rods evolves from isolated rods to aggregated perpendicular rods to aggregated parallel rods; at sufficiently high concentration, additional multivalent salt reduces the attraction. Monovalent salt enhances the attraction near the onset of aggregation and reduces it at a higher concentration of multivalent salt.
Wilderness campsite impacts: do managers and visitors see them the same?

Human-induced impacts from recreational use of wilderness continue to be a significant management challenge, threatening the integrity of the wilderness resource and the quality of visitor experiences. Campsite impacts are of particular concern to managers. One approach to this problem is the Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC) planning system, which focuses attention on the question, “How much change in wilderness conditions is acceptable?” The research reported here compares and contrasts wilderness manager and visitor perceptions of theacceptability of different levels of campsite impacts,amount of impact, and perceptual zoning of wilderness. The results reinforce previous findings regarding differences between managers and visitors. Management implications are discussed.
Versatile fluorescence labeling method using activated esters on solid support

A versatile fluorescence labeling method employing support bound nitrophenyl, N-hydroxysuccinimidyl, 1-hydroxybenzotriazoyl and oxime active esters is described. The relative kinetic properties of different esters were systematically compared using an environment-independent benzoquinoline dye.
Abstract 1531: Reactive astrocytes promote the growth of cancer stem-like cells of metastatic breast tumor by activating Notch signaling in brain

Metastatic diseases are responsible for the majority of deaths in breast cancer patients, and brain is one of the most common metastatic sites. The metastatic tumor in the brain profoundly affects the cognitive and sensory functions as well as morbidity of patients, and the one year survival rate among these patients remains less than 20%. However, little is known about the pathogenesis of brain metastasis, and therefore, it is of paramount importance to elucidate the molecular mechanism of metastatic process in order to define a specific therapeutic target. Our analysis of existing microarray database indicate that interleukin-1α (IL-1α) is highly expressed in MDA-MB231BrM2a (231BrM) cell line which is capable of preferentially metastasizing to the brain. IL-1α is known to have an ability of “activating” astrocytes that are often found in the metastatic niche, and therefore, it is speculated that the reactive astrocytes can promote growth and invasion of metastasized cells in the brain. To explore this possibility, we examined the effect of IL-1α and the conditioned medium of 231BrM cells on rat primary astrocytes in vitro. Our results of qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis indicate that IL-1α and the conditioned medium significantly up-regulated the Notch ligand, JAG1, in astrocytes, and that this up-regulation was abrogated by the NF-κB inhibitor, PDTC. We also found that the interaction between CSCs and astrocytes significantly enhances the self-renewal ability of CSCs. To further examine the interaction of astrocytes and tumor cells in the brain, we intracardially injected 231BrM cells in nude mice, and tumor growth was monitored by Xenogen bioimager. After 4 weeks, metastatic tumor growth was observed at multiple sites of the brain, and the results of immunohistochemical analysis indicated that astrocytes adjacent to the metastatic lesions strongly expressed JAG1 and the reactive astrocyte marker, GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein). Finally, we found that a BBB-permeable Notch inhibitor was able to significantly suppress metastatic growth of breast cancer in the brain in our animal model. These results represent a novel paradigm for the understanding of how metastatic breast CSCs re-establish their niche for their self-renewal in a totally different microenvironment, which opens a new avenue to identify a novel and specific target for the brain metastatic disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1531. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1531
Dynamics of ultraharmonic resonances in spiral galaxies

The mildly nonlinear response of a fluid disk with pressure, viscosity, and self-gravity to spiral stellar forcing is considered as a model of the interstellar medium in spiral galaxies. Nonlinear effects are analyzed through a quasi-linear flow analysis ordered by successive powers of a dimensionless spiral perturbing force, which is the ratio of imposed nonaxisymmetric gravitational to axisymmetric gravitational forces. Waves with mn arms are launched from a position where the wavenumber of a free wave matches n times the wavenumber of the spiral forcing. The launched short wave in the gas is an interarm feature that is more tightly wrapped than the stellar wave. The gas wave extracts energy and angular momentum from the stellar wave, causing it to damp. The application of the results to the stellar disk alone reveals even stronger damping, as stars undergo Landau damping of the short wave. For parameters in M81, damping times are less than 10 exp 9 yr.
Relation between locked cycle tests and continuous plant circuit in flotation

Abstract It is important to elucidate the relation between the locked cycle flotation test and the continuous flotation circuit because the locked cycled test has been traditionally the only way to experimentally simulate a continuous circuit. We analytically assessed the mass balances of the locked cycle test in a rougher–cleaner–cleaner scavenger (R–C–CS) system as a function of the iteration number of tests and provided an analytical expression of the mass balance in each separation stage. The mass of the final concentrate and flotation characteristic curves in a continuous circuit and the locked cycle test were calculated using the flotation rate constant k and flotation time T . Based on the comparison of the calculated results between the two tests, a good agreement between the locked cycle test and the continuous circuit can be obtained when the kT value for a product component with the flotation rate constant k and time T is in the range where the mass of a component does not change with kT .
Auditory response properties and spatial response areas of single neurons in the pontine nuclei of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus

Using free-field acoustic stimulation conditions, we studied the response properties and spatial sensitivity of 146 pontine neurons of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus. The best frequency (BF) and minimum threshold (MT) of a pontine neuron were first determined with a sound broadcast from a loudspeaker placed ahead of the bat. A BF sound was delivered from the loudspeaker as it moved across the frontal auditory space in order to locate the response center at which the neuron had its lowest MT. Then the basic response properties of the neuron to a sound delivered from the response center were studied. As in inferior collicular and auditory cortical neurons, pontine neurons can be characterized as phasic responders, phasic bursters and tonic responders. They have both monotonic and non-monotonic intensity-rate functions. However, most of them are broadly tuned as are cerebellar neurons. Auditory spatial sensitivity was studied for 144 pontine neurons. In 9 neurons, variation of MT with a BF sound delivered from several azimuthal and elevational angles along the horizontal and vertical planes crossing the neuron's response center was measured. In addition, variation in the number of impulses with several stimulus intensities at 10 dB increments above a neuron's MT delivered from each angle was also studied. The auditory spatial sensitivity of other pontine neurons was studied by measuring the response area of each neuron with stimulus intensities at 3, 5, 10, 15 or 40 dB above its lowest MT. The response areas of pontine neurons expanded asymmetrically with stimulus intensity, but the size of the response area was not correlated with either MT or BF. In half of the pontine neurons studied, the response area expanded greatly and eventually covered almost the entire frontal auditory space. The response areas of the other half of the pontine neurons only expanded to a restricted area of frontal auditory space. Two possible neural mechanisms underlying these two types of response areas are hypothesized. The response centers of all 144 neurons were located within a small area of the frontal auditory space. The locations of response centers of these neurons are not correlated with their BFs. The distribution pattern of these response centers is comparable to that of superior collicular and cerebellar neurons but is different from that of inferior collicular and auditory cortical neurons. The results of our study suggest that auditory information is integrated in the pontine nuclei before being further sent into the cerebellum.
Bis-o-diynylarene (BODA) Derived Polynaphthalenes as Precursors to Glassy Carbon Microstructures

Bis-o-diynylarene (BODA) monomers polymerize by a step growth addition type mechanism providing branched polynaphthalene oligomers which contain reactive o-diyne terminal groups. The reactive oligomers have been successfully melt micromolded using the MIMIC protocol. Microstructures are carbonized to electrically conductive glassy carbon at 1000 °C. The highly aromatic nature of the precursor thermoset offers a high-yield route to glassy carbon microstructures with <25% weight loss by TGA and ca. 15% linear shrinkage of the microstructures by SEM.
Bill Simmons, Grantland.com, and ESPN’s corporate reinvention of literary sports writing online:

In 2011, sports media outlet ESPN launched Grantland.com, a sports and popular culture Web site edited by blogger-turned-ESPN.com columnist Bill Simmons. Taking inspiration from magazines like GQ a...
Human arachnoid membrane: active transport of amyloid-beta

Address: 1Department of Ophthalmology, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, 2Department of Biomedical Engineering Center, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, 3Division of Neuropathology, Dept. of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA and 4Clinical Neuroscience, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI 02903, USA
The Effect of Discourse Structuring Devices on Listener Perceptions of Coherence in Non-native University Teacher's Spoken Discourse.

: This paper addresses some of the sources of communication difficulty in the academic context through a discourse analytic examination of videotaped teaching demonstrations by 18 Korean and Chinese teaching assistants. It has been suggested that the primary source of listener perceptions of disorganization in spoken academic discourse might be the overall order in which information is presented. This study, however, reveals that rhetorical organization was not the problem. Research on native speakers’ discourse in an academic environment has indicated that effective communicators use a number of devices to orient their listeners to the relative importance among ideas within the discourse, and simultaneously to convey the interrelationships among these ideas. In particular, we find extensive use of prosody. Native speakers also use a variety of syntactic constructions such as topicalization in order to focus the attention of the listener and show relative foregrounding and backgrounding. Use of these devices provides native-speaker listeners with a set of cues which allow them to construct coherence. This study shows these cues were absent in the Chinese and Korean speakers. The main structuring devices were lexical repetition and parataxis. In effect, the Chinese and Korean speakers are constructing an undifferentiated, flat discourse structure within which the native-speaker listener is unable to perceive the intended relationships among the ideas presented.
Estradiol inhibition of catecholamine elicited eating in the female rat

Two experiments test the hypothesis that estradiol suppresses food intake by inhibiting β dopamine hydroxylase in the anterior diencephalon where norepinephrine sensitive neurons activate feeding behavior. In the first experiment, dopamine or norepinephrine was injected intracerebrally in female rats during estrous and diestrous phases of the estrous cycle. Dopamine injections in the anterior diencephalon of rats elicited eating (p<0.05) only during diestrus when circulating estradiol is low; norepinephrine elicited eating during both diestrous (p<0.02) and estrous (p<0.001) phases of the cycle. In the second experiment the catecholamines were administered to ovariectomized rats with and without estradiol replacement. Again dopamine was effective in eliciting food intake (p<0.05) only in the absence of circulating estradiol while the increases following norepinephrine were independent of estradiol treatment.
Pediatric Near-Death Experiences

A review of one previously reported and three new pediatric near-death experiences (NDEs), in which the experiencers were interviewed as children, suggests that the childhood core NDE as described by Melvin Morse and colleagues may be expanded to include feeling pain-free, seeing a light at the tunnel's end, entering the light, and time alteration. These cases also suggest that the life review may be a function of chronological age.
A sporulation-induced sigma-like regulatory protein from b. subtilis

Abstract We have isolated a sigma-like regulatory protein termed σ 29 whose synthesis or association with Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase was induced during spore formation. σ 29 is a sporulation-specific component of RNA polymerase as it was absent in enzyme from an early-blocked sporulation mutant (SpoOA). We have demonstrated specific RNA synthesis by σ 29 -RNA polymerase using as a DNA template a cloned cluster of vegetative and sporulation genes from the purA-cysA region of the B. subtilis chromosome. The pattern of gene recognition by σ 29 -RNA polymerase was distinct from that observed for RNA polymerases containing σ 55 or σ 37 , species of sigma factor that are present in vegetative cells of B. subtilis. A reconstitution experiment in which purified σ 29 was added to core RNA polymerase demonstrates that σ 29 was directly responsible for the altered transcriptional specificity of sporulation RNA polymerase. We propose that σ 29 is a regulatory protein that controls developmental gene transcription at an early stage of spore formation.
Corporate planning in local authorities

Abstract This paper describes an experimental corporate modelling system currently being developed jointly by the IBM (UK) Scientific Centre and Clwyd County Council. Although the system uses data for Clwyd County Council in determining the relationships within the model, the underlying structure of the system is a “general” one so that it may be easily adapted to suit the requirements of other local authorities. Clwyd County Council is one of the 47 non-metropolitan authorities in England and Wales. It is situated in North Wales with a population of around 360,000. The major industries are steel, chemicals, textiles, aircraft and farming. The revenue expenditure of the county for 1975/1976 as estimated in late 1975 was to be about £70 million and the captial expenditure around £11.0 million. In order to set the model in its proper perspective the current organisational structure and responsibilities of the reorganised (1 April 1974) local authorities in England and Wales are first reviewed. The nature of Corporate Planning, associated problems are discussed and an overall framework of a planning cycle is evolved. The structure of the modelling system which consists of a series of interlinking modules is described in detail and its potential role within the framework of the corporate planning cycle assessed. The paper concludes with a description of enhancements to the system currently in progress.
Chemical Delivery to the Vomeronasal Organs and Functional Domain of Squamate Chemoreception

While evidence exists that many squamate behaviors are released by chemical stimuli, the specific sensory system that detects such stimuli and mediates subsequent behavior has been determined infrequently. Techniques and experimental approaches that have been used to determine the roles that the main olfactory and vomeronasal systems play in mediation of specific behaviors are discussed.
Validation of a heterologous fertilization assay and comparison of fertilization rates of equine oocytes using in vitro fertilization, perivitelline, and intracytoplasmic sperm injections.

Abstract IVF in horses is rarely successful. One reason for this could be the failure of sperm to fully capacitate or exhibit hyperactive motility. We hypothesized that the zona pellucida (ZP) of equine oocytes prevents fertilization in vitro, and bypassing the ZP would increase fertilization rates. Limited availability of equine oocytes for research has necessitated the use of heterologous oocyte binding assays using bovine oocytes. We sought to validate an assay using bovine oocytes and equine sperm and then to demonstrate that bypassing the ZP using perivitelline sperm injections (PVIs) with equine sperm capacitated with dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine would result in higher fertilization rates than standard IVF in bovine and equine oocytes. In experiment 1, bovine oocytes were used for (1) IVF with bovine sperm, (2) IVF with equine sperm, and (3) intracytoplasmic sperm injections (ICSIs) with equine sperm. Presumptive zygotes were either stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole from 18 to 26 hours at 2-hour intervals or evaluated for cleavage at 56 hours after addition of sperm. Equine sperm fertilized bovine oocytes; however, pronuclei formation was delayed compared with bovine sperm after IVF. The delayed pronuclear formation was not seen after ICSI. In experiment 2, bovine oocytes were assigned to the following five groups: (1) cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) coincubated with bovine sperm; (2) COC exposed to sucrose then coincubated with bovine sperm; (3) COC coincubated with equine sperm; (4) COC exposed to sucrose, and coincubated with equine sperm; and (5) oocytes exposed to sucrose, and 10 to 15 equine sperm injected into the perivitelline (PV) space. Equine sperm tended (P = 0.08) to fertilize more bovine oocytes when injected into the PV space than after IVF. In experiment 3, oocytes were assigned to the following four groups: (1) IVF, equine, and bovine COC coincubated with equine sperm; (2) PVI of equine and bovine oocytes; (3) PVI with equine oocytes pretreated with sucrose; and (4) ICSI of equine oocytes. Oocytes were examined at 24 hours for cleavage. No equine oocytes cleaved after IVF or PVI. However, ICSI conducted with equine sperm treated with dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine resulted in 85% of the oocytes cleaving. Sperm injected into the PV space of equine oocytes did not appear to enter the ooplasm. This study validated the use of bovine oocytes for equine sperm studies and indicates that failure of equine IVF is more than an inability of equine sperm to penetrate the ZP.
Further evidence for an inhibitor of proliferation elaborated by normal human fibroblasts in culture: Partial characterization of the inhibitor

We present evidence that extends our earlier preliminary report on the stimulatory effect of saline washes on confluent cells in culture (Lacey et al., '77). That work suggested that an inhibitory substance was being removed by the washes. The present work suggests that the inhibitor is in the 10,000-30,000 MW range, is reversibly bound, is cationic and is also a protease inhibitor. It is heat stable, but is apparently degraded with time in our experimental systems.
A replacement solvent for dimethylsulfoxide (SMSO) in cw dye lasers

Abstract The use of propylene glycol carbonate as a replacement solvent for dimethyl sulfoxide in a Coherent model 599-21 c.w. dye laser has been investigated. Up to 40 milliwatts of single frequency output was achieved at 875 nm.
Evidence for carrier proteins in bile acid synthesis The effect of squalene and sterol carrier protein and albumin on the activity of 12α-hydroxylase

Abstract The possibility that carrier proteins are involved in bile acid synthesis was investigated using rat liver homogenates. The 105 000 × g supernatant fraction was found to contain heat stable proteins that bound the bile acid precursor, 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, and increased the amount of 7α, 12α-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one formed by the microsomal enzyme, 12α-hydroxylase. Subsequent studies were carried out to determine if squalene and sterol carrier protein or albumin, two lipid binding proteins present in the 105 000 × g supernatant fraction of rat liver homogenates, may be responsible for the effects seen with this fraction. Squalene and sterol carrier protein bound several water insoluble bile acid precursors, including 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, and increased the apparent activity of 12α-hydroxylase. Squalene and sterol carrier protein, however, did not bind either cholic acid or chenodeoxycholic acid. Rat serum albumin also bound 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and increased the apparent activity of 12α-hydroxylase. Kinetic analysis indicated that the apparent stimulation of 12α-hydroxylase by squalene and sterol carrier protein and albumin was due to increased solubilization of the substrate, 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one. Thus, these studies indicate that bile acid precursor carrier proteins are present in the 105 000 × g supernatant fraction of rat liver homogenates and suggest that squalene and sterol carrier protein or albumin may participate as carrier proteins in bile acid synthesis.