cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CREATIVE RESILIENCE & AGING: LADY BE GOOD — ELLA FITZGERALD'S LIFE IN SONG: Session 310

Abstract This presentation will use biography and other techniques from the humanities to elucidate themes of creativity, resilience, and aging based on the life and career of singer Ella Fitzgerald (1917–1996). ‘Ella,’ as she was affectionately known by the public, was among the twentieth century's best-loved performers. She pleased audiences around the world with live concerts and epochal recordings, helping establish the canon of the ‘Great American Songbook.’ Her gifts included an unerring sense of pitch, superb diction, a uniquely personal sense of rhythm, and the vocal dexterity and musical imagination to match any instrumentalist with her flights of improvised scatting. She remained at the top of her profession across six decades. Yet she had to overcome many forms of adversity in her life and career, including: deprivation and poverty as an adolescent; frequent lack of critical respect (as she was often unfavorably compared to her contemporary, Billie Holiday); and declining physical health in her later years. She also had to navigate the turbulent male- and white-dominated music and entertainment industries. That Ms. Fitzgerald did so with such grace and success is testimony to the human spirit's potential for resilience. In her last decade of performing she adapted her singing approach to fit her fraying vocal instrument, managing to convey an even deeper emotional connection to her material. This presentation will illustrate her story with curated audio and video clips as well as critical analysis, in order to identify generalizable themes and consider their implications for our clinical work with aging patients and their families and for ourselves.
Chapter: Health and Intellectual Property

This chapter addresses the interface between health and intellectual property (IP). The chapter provides an introduction to the forms of IP principally as they relate to health products, and describes the international legal framework in which IP is situated. It addresses the ways in which IP affects research and development (R&D), production, distribution and marketing of health products, mainly focusing on the pharmaceutical sector. It discusses various public policy issues associated with the relationship between health and IP, including tensions among demands for innovation, the grant of exclusive marketing rights and access to products that may be necessary to sustain life and health.
HPGR Rolls Surface Wear: In-line Scanning of a Laboratory-Scale HPGR

High pressure grinding rolls have been utilized in various operations during the past four decades, simply due to their inherent mode of breakage that offers metallurgical benefits with pronounced energy reduction. For every new application, wear and in particular roll surface wear protection has always been the focal point of HPGR trade-off studies. Wear remains an important issue throughout a mine’s life given inevitable variations in the ore deposits properties. Hence, the capability of continuous scanning of rolls provides ample information about any deviations in the design values as well as their effect on the wear pattern. In part I of this manuscript, we present the feasibility of in-line scanning of roll surface in a 200 × 100 mm lab-scale HPGR. First, the in-line scanning was developed in a mock-up roll and then the scanner was moved to the laboratory-scale HPGR. We present the choice of scanners and the methods adopted to achieve high-level accuracy of determining wear. Even though we planned for micron-level precision of scanning, the inherent variability in shaft rotation was higher than the variability in the roll diameter due to wear. The hundred-kilogram mass processed in the HPGR was not sufficient to create enough wear that is discernible to the in-line scanner. Yet, the method tested is a promising avenue for in-line scanning of HPGR rolls.
Multisensor-multisite composite tracking in the presence of sensor residual bias

ABSTRACT The integration of multiple sensors for target tracking is complex but has the potential to provide very accurate state estimates. For most applications, each sensor provides its information to a central location where the integration is performed and the resulting composite track can be very accurate when compared to the individual sensortracks. This composite track has the potential to provide enhanced system decisions and targeting informationnot otherwise available. However, sensor bias can severely degrade composite tracking performance when it is not properly considered. This paper presents algorithms and simulation results for the composite tracking of maneuvering targets through the use of multisensor-multisite integration in the presence of sensor residual bias.Keywords: Composite 'Iacking, Sensor Integration, Sensor Residual Bias 1. INTRODUCTION The integration of multiple sensors located on different platforms for tracking maneuvering targets has beenintensely investigated in recent years. Situational awareness has become very important due to the increasingcomplexity of the battlespace and can be greatly enhanced with effective sensor integration. For most techniques, acentral track is updated with the information (i.e., measurements, estimates, etc.) provided by the sensor suite and
Glioblastoma and malignant melanoma: Serendipitous or anticipated association?

We describe a patient who had primary glioblastoma (GB) and malignant melanoma (MM). A 78-year-old man presented with several weeks to months of history of gait disturbance, confusion, memory disturbance, and worsening speech. Imaging studies performed on admission revealed a large frontotemporal lobe mass associated with the surrounding zone of vasogenic edema. Given the patient's medical history of incomplete biopsy of a midback tumor performed three weeks before, the presumptive clinical diagnosis was metastatic MM. Pathological examination of frozen sections of fragmented specimens obtained at stereotactic biopsy performed on admission revealed a high-grade malignant neoplasm characterized by discohesive cells in a blue myxoid background and abundant foci of tumor necrosis. Given these features, in conjunction with the abovementioned pathological report, the frozen section diagnosis by the neuropathologist was "neoplasm identified, favor melanoma." Due to the paucity of lesional tissue, a limited immunohistochemistry performed on the permanent sections revealed positive staining of lesional cells for Sox10 alone using a multiplex MART1/Sox10 immunostain and S-100 protein, an immunohistochemical profile supporting the presumptive frozen section diagnosis. A tumor debulk procedure, performed two weeks later, revealed histopathologic features most compatible with GB, IDH wild-type. Thus, additional immunohistochemistry on the permanent sections revealed positive staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Sox10, and S-100 protein as well as negative staining of gp100, a complex carbohydrate matrix protein in embryonic melanosomes, using a specific antibody HMB45. The concomitant occurrence of MM and GB in our patient underscores the association between these two entities. Our literature review suggests that the sporadic co-occurrence of these two conditions is likely not serendipitous.
Dietary high-oleic-acid soybean oil: Effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of lambs

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary high-oleic soybean oil (HOS) on the growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of lambs. Materials and Methods Spring-born, weaned, Dorset-Suffolk wethers (n = 20; average initial BW of 41.3 kg) were fed at the Illinois State University farm. Individually housed wethers were blocked by BW in a randomized complete block design and fed 1 of 2 treatments with 10 replications per treatment for 84 d. Treatments included a corn silage–based finishing diet (control) and control + 0.5% high-oleic soybean oil. Lambs were weighed on 2 consecutive days every 14 d. Average weights were used to calculate ADG, DMI, and G:F. Following finishing, wethers were transported 463 km for humane slaughter and fabrication under USDA–Food Safety and Inspection Service inspection. Standard USDA carcass data (QG and YG) were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using the MIXED procedure of SAS to obtain least squares means. Results and Discussion No differences were found for the growth performance measures of ADG (P = 1.0), DMI (P = 0.84), or G:F (P = 0.93). No differences were found for hot carcass weight (P = 0.941), cold carcass weight (P = 0.889), and DP (P = 0.931). Wethers fed HOS exhibited a decrease in a* color value of the longissimus at the 12th rib junction (P = 0.027), with no differences in L* (P = 0.760) or b* values (P = 0.347). Metmyoglobin (P = 0.917), deoxymyoglobin (P = 0.120), or oxymyoglobin (P = 0.077) percentage in the longissimus face at the 12th rib junction was not altered by treatment. Applications In this study, HOS inclusion did not affect standard growth or carcass characteristics in wethers. However, further evaluation into the decreased redness value of the loin eye in HOS lambs is warranted.
Sorting by Shuffling Methods and a Queue

We consider sorting by a queue that can apply a permutation from a given set over its content. This gives us a sorting device \(\mathbb {Q}_{\varSigma }\) corresponding to any shuffling method \(\varSigma \) since every such method is associated with a set of permutations. Two variations of these devices are considered - \(\mathbb {Q}_{\varSigma }^{\prime }\) and \(\mathbb {Q}_{\varSigma }^{\text {pop}}\). These require the entire content of the device to be unloaded after a permutation is applied or unloaded by each pop operation, respectively.
Student- and School-Level Predictors of Geography Achievement in the United States, 1994–2018

This paper examines national gaps and trends in geography achievement in eighth grade from 1994 to 2018. Statistical models comprising student- and school-level variables were developed to predict ...
Circuit fingerprinting attacks: passive deanonymization of tor hidden services

This paper sheds light on crucial weaknesses in the design of hidden services that allow us to break the anonymity of hidden service clients and operators passively. In particular, we show that the circuits, paths established through the Tor network, used to communicate with hidden services exhibit a very different behavior compared to a general circuit. We propose two attacks, under two slightly different threat models, that could identify a hidden service client or operator using these weaknesses. We found that we can identify the users' involvement with hidden services with more than 98% true positive rate and less than 0.1% false positive rate with the first attack, and 99% true positive rate and 0.07% false positive rate with the second. We then revisit the threat model of previous website fingerprinting attacks, and show that previous results are directly applicable, with greater efficiency, in the realm of hidden services. Indeed, we show that we can correctly determine which of the 50 monitored pages the client is visiting with 88% true positive rate and false positive rate as low as 2.9%, and correctly deanonymize 50 monitored hidden service servers with true positive rate of 88% and false positive rate of 7.8% in an open world setting.
Mother Jones: Do better places to work imply better places to invest?

In this paper, we examine the returns to a portfolio of 12 publicly held firms that were featured in the July/August 1997 edition of Mother Jones as the “20 Better Places to Work” (the remaining eight are privately held). This survey was based on the firm's track record for charitable giving, fair labor practices, progressive benefits, sound environmental practices, and satisfied employees. While there is much evidence that the above qualities are very desirable for employees, little evidence exists indicating whether such a record results in increased shareholder wealth. In this study, we compare the annual returns, on a raw and risk-adjusted basis, for the selected firms to a broad market index, as well as a more appropriate benchmark (based on market capitalization and industry classification). We also determine whether there is an announcement effect associated with the public release of the list of Mother Jones firms.
Numerical Modeling and Experimental Investigations of EGR Cooler Fouling in a Diesel Engine

EGR coolers are mainly used on diesel engines to reduce intake charge temperature and thus reduce emissions of NOx and PM. Soot and hydrocarbon deposition in the EGR cooler reduces heat transfer efficiency of the cooler and increases emissions and pressure drop across the cooler. They may also be acidic and corrosive. Fouling has been always treated as an approximate factor in heat exchanger designs and it has not been modeled in detail. The aim of this paper is to look into fouling formation in an EGR cooler of a diesel engine. A 1-D model is developed to predict and calculate EGR cooler fouling amount and distribution across a concentric tube heat exchanger with a constant wall temperature. The model is compared to an experiment that is designed for correlation of the model. Effectiveness, mass deposition, and pressure drop are the parameters that have been compared. The results of the model are in a good agreement with the experimental data.
Finite Abelian Groups and Their Characters

In Chapter 2 we had occasion to mention groups but made no essential use of their properties. Now we wish to discuss some elementary aspects of group theory in more detail. In Chapter 7 our discussion of Dirichlet’s theorem on primes in arithmetical progressions will require a knowledge of certain arithmetical functions called Dirichlet characters. Although the study of Dirichlet characters can be undertaken without any knowledge of groups, the introduction of a minimal amount of group theory places the theory of Dirichlet characters in a more natural setting and simplifies some of the discussion.
A Student Satellite Project

ABSTRACT Student satellites are not new. Many such projects are represented at this colloquium. We report on the Student Satellite Project at the University of Arizona that is unique in its science-driven initiative and broad-based participation. In addition to describing the satellite, we shall emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in science, the cross-fertilization between science and engineering, the leadership role of the students, and the partnership among the university, the community and industry. The progress of the project will be described in terms of its procedures and structures. Presently, it is too early to set a launch date for this particular student satellite.
β‐Amyloid peptide induces formation of actin stress fibers through p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase

Based on the critical role of actin in the maintenance of synaptic function, we examined whether expression of familial beta-amyloid precursor protein APP-V642I (IAPP) or mutant presenilin-1 L286V (mPS1) affects actin polymerization in rat septal neuronal cells. Expression of either IAPP or mPS1 but not wild-type amyloid precursor protein or presenilin-1induced formation of actin stress fibers in SN1 cells, a septal neuronal cell line. Treatment with beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptide also caused formation of actin stress fibers in SN1 cells and primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Treatment with a gamma-secretase inhibitor completely blocked formation of actin stress fibers, indicating that overproduction of Abeta peptide induces actin stress fibers. Because activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK)-mitogen-associated protein kinase-associated protein kinase (MAPKAPK)-2-heat-shock protein 27 signaling pathway mediates actin polymerization, we explored whether Abeta peptide activates p38MAPK and MAPKAPK-2. Expression of IAPP or mPS1 induced activation of p38MAPK and MAPKAPK-2. Treatment with a p38MAPK inhibitor completely inhibited formation of actin stress fibers mediated by Abeta peptide, IAPP or mPS1. Moreover, treatment with a gamma-secretase inhibitor completely blocked activation of p38MAPK and MAPKAPK-2. In summary, our data suggest that overproduction of Abeta peptide induces formation of actin stress fibers through activation of the p38MAPK signaling pathway in septal neuronal cells.
The Magnus effect and the American football

The aerodynamics of an American NFL football during an end over end kick were investigated utilizing a custom rotating apparatus and large-scale wind tunnel. Non-rotating lift and drag coefficients were measured and agree well with previous data from other athletic balls and a smooth sphere. The rotation effect on an American football increased both the lift and drag coefficients more dramatically than what has been seen with symmetrical objects over a wide range of rotational rates. The results from this study can be used to more accurately predict the flight trajectory of an end over end kick, and help optimize the balance between kick velocity and rotational speed for a given kicker’s leg strength.
Operator Hilbert spaces without the operator approximation property

We use a technique of Szankowski to construct operator Hilbert spaces that do not have the operator approximation property, including an example in a noncommutative Lp space for p ¬= 2.
EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE IN IMMATURE AND ADULT FEMALE RATS11

PREVIOUS REPORT FROM THIS LABORATORY dealt with the action of testosterone propionate on the ovaries and uteri of immature rats in five-day experiments(I). The present communication is concerned with the changes occurring in the ovaries, vaginae, uteri and mammary glands of young and adult rats receiving injections of testosterone propionate over long periods of time. Since Ihrke and D'Amour (2) pointed out that the administration of an extract of testicular tissue resulted in a suppression of the estrous cycles of rats, many reports dealing with this problem have appeared. It has been shown that testosterone propionate is the most active of the androgenic substances in regard to its effects in female animals, but there are many discrepancies in the results reported by different investigators. There is, however, general agreement that in immature female rats the administration of testosterone induces a premature establishment of the vaginal introitus (1, 3-II).
A segment-interleaved motion-compensated acquisition in the steady state (SIMCAST) technique for high resolution imaging of the inner ear

MRI, with ever-increasing spatial resolution, recently has depicted progressively more anatomic details of the inner ear and is playing an important role in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with sensorineural hearing loss. We present a three-dimensional (3D) segment-interleaved, motion-compensated acquisition in steady state (SIMCAST) sequence that allows further increase in spatial resolution in reasonable scan times minimizing artifacts due to susceptibility and motion. The sequence uses gradient moment nulling over TR and segmented interleaved acquisition of multiple data sets with different radiofrequency (RF) phase-cycling schemes. Combination of data from multiple acquisitions by averaging and maximum intensity projection were compared. Images of phantoms and in vivo inner ears were obtained with both full and fractional echoes and compared with other high resolution techniques such as three-dimensional gradient-echo and two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional fast spin-echo (FSE) sequences. The new sequence achieves improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spatial resolution resulting in improved depiction of inner ear structures.
A rapid method for surveying CO concentrations in high-rise buildings

Abstract A rapid method for employing personal exposure monitors (PEMs) to measure carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in high-rise buildings is described. The purpose is to determine whether or not a CO problem exists in a building, and, if so, what corrective actions should be taken. The methodology was applied to a 15-story building in Palo Alto, CA, where elevated CO concentrations were discovered on the first 11 floors. The source appeared to be an underground parking garage. A follow-up survey four years later revealed that mitigative measures designed to reduce these concentrations had been successful. The survey methodology is inexpensive and can be applied to a number of buildings in a city.
Tests of Gravity Using Lunar Laser Ranging

Lunar laser ranging (LLR) has been a workhorse for testing general relativity over the past four decades. The three retroreflector arrays put on the Moon by the Apollo astronauts and the French built arrays on the Soviet Lunokhod rovers continue to be useful targets, and have provided the most stringent tests of the Strong Equivalence Principle and the time variation of Newton’s gravitational constant. The relatively new ranging system at the Apache Point 3.5 meter telescope now routinely makes millimeter level range measurements. Incredibly, it has taken 40 years for ground station technology to advance to the point where characteristics of the lunar retroreflectors are limiting the precision of the range measurements. In this article, we review the gravitational science and technology of lunar laser ranging and discuss prospects for the future.
The development of the copula in Child English: The lightness of be

The dissertation summarized here provides an account of the fact that young children acquiring English (around age 2) often produce utterances like (1), in which they omit a form of the copula, be. (1)I in the kitchen.Children’s production of forms like (1) is interesting for two main reasons: firstly, utterances like these do not occur in the input (adult English); secondly, children’s omission of the copula conforms to a systematic pattern (it is neither across the board, nor haphazard). In particular, children omit the copula far less frequently in utterances like (2). (2)He’s a dog.The difference between the constructions in (1) and (2) can be characterized in terms of the well-known semantic stage-level/individual-level contrast. That is, a location such as ‘in the kitchen’ denotes a stage-level property of the subject; a predicate such as ‘a dog’ denotes an individual-level property of the subject. I argue for a syntactic difference between stage- and individual-level predicates: stage-level predicates contain additional functional structure (AspP) that individual-level predicates lack. Cross-linguistic support for this proposal is provided. As for why children acquiring English omit the copula in main clauses, I link this to the fact that non-finite main clauses are permitted in child English. I define finiteness in terms of a binding relation between an abstract Tense Operator (TOP) (located in CP) and Infl. In certain grammars (among them child English) TOP may bind Asp instead of Infl, if Asp is projected in the particular clause. However, this binding relation does not result in the clause being finite. Since Asp is projected in clauses with stage-level predicates, but not in those with individual-level predicates, it follows that stage-level predicates may occur in non-finite clauses while individual-level predicates occur with a finite clause. Coupled with the hypothesis that an overt copula is finite (in the sample studied here it is inflected over 99% of the time) and an omitted copula indicates non-finiteness, the pattern of copula omission and production in child English is accounted for.
Original Clinical Paper:A Technique Utilizing Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance/Computed Tomography Image Fusion to Aid in Surgical Navigation and Tumor Volume Determination

Brain tumors are histologically heterogeneous. A technique for three-dimensional fusing of computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance images (MRI) with positron emission tomography (PET) images is described. This allows the anatomic detail provided by CT or MRI scans to be combined with the information about metabolic activity provided by PET scans. The fused images allowed selection of the most metabolically active portions of tumors. Fusion of CT and MRI images with PET scans has allowed first-pass diagnostic yield by providing the surgeon with a map of anatomical as well as functional (metabolic) detail. We describe a technique to allow routine fusion of MRI, CT, and PET information to help guide the neurosurgeon.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation: Advances in the Field

The prevalence of chronic pain is increasing in the United States. Fortunately, a growing body of evidence continues to enhance our understanding of pain pathways and provide new avenues for clinical treatment of pharmacologic-resistant pain disorders. Specifically, the field of neurostimulation is garnering momentum with peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) being one of the largest areas of interest over the last decade. PNS potentially offers clinicians an alternative treatment modality when conventional management options fail. The current body of literature is dominated by case series and reports; however, there is an increasing number of prospective clinical trials being conducted in recent years. As applications continue to expand, further evaluation of its utility, efficacy, and safety is needed.
Differential DNA synthesis in heterochromatic and euchromatic chromosome sets of Planococcus citri.

In males of the mealy bug Planococcus citri, Nur (1966) counted five heterochromatic (H) and about 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 euchromatic (E) chromosomes in testis sheath nuclei which were undergoing endomitosis. He suggested that the H chromosomes were not replicating and that the nuclei were becoming polyploid as a result of successive cycles of replication of only the E chromosomes. This hypothesis was tested using autoradiography with H3-thymidine to detect DNA synthesis and microspectrophotometric measurements of the Feulgen reaction in nuclei to detect quantitative changes in DNA. — The integrated absorbance of the whole nucleus and of the isolated clump of heterochromatic chromosomes (H body) in polyploid testis sheath nuclei were measured using the mechanical scanner of the CYDAC system. The absorbance of the H body was similar in all testis sheath nuclei examined and was not significantly different from the absorbance of a haploid set of H chromosomes measured after meiosis. The absorbance of the euchromatic component varied in different sheath nuclei, the values closely corresponding to the terms of the series 2c, 4c, 8c. This series is expected if the DNA in the E chromosomes is exactly doubled at each cycle of replication. — Autoradiographs showed that most labeled sheath nuclei had silver grains localized exclusively over euchromatin. With one exception, the remainder of the labeled nuclei had silver grains over both euchromatin and the H body. The observation that euchromatin was much more heavily labeled than the H body and that labeled H bodies occurred at a low frequency and only in the presence of labeled euchromatin suggests that the H body did not incorporate the label and that the silver grains over the H body were the result of β-particles which originated in proximal euchromatin.
Neuropsychological diagnostic profiles of children who received CNS treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: The systemic approach to assessment

A systemic developmental neuropsychological approach (Bernstein & Waber, 1990) was applied in a controlled fashion to evaluate its reliability and validity. Specifically, we examined the impact of central nervous system (CNS) treatment on behavioral development of children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A blind structured clinical rating procedure yielded severity ratings and neuropsychological diagnoses for 49 ALL patients and 15 Wilm's tumor (WT) patients. The ALL patients were more severely affected than the WT patients and females more affected than males. Neuropsychological diagnostic profiles were systematically related to age at CNS treatment: Children treated before 36 months of age exhibited inefficiencies of right‐hemisphere brain systems; those treated at older ages showed left‐hemisphere related inefficiencies. The findings are discussed in relation to processes of human postnatal neurobehavioral development, as well as to the status of the systemic approach.
Design and implementation of a controller for automated driver evaluation

In the USA, a supervisor accompanies a driver during drivers-licensing road test to evaluate the driver's performance. The work in this paper envisions a system in which the supervisor can be replaced by a decision-making system, and proposes a controller for such application. By using the device proposed in this paper, the need for another person to accompany the driver can possibly be avoided, thus saving manpower. Having a device that can evaluate the performance of a driver automatically will help such motive. In order to achieve this goal, it is assumed that a few key automation technologies such as sensors, computing and communication systems will be used. The proposed device uses sensors to collect the data from the road and environment outside the vehicle. There is a fixed test path that will be fed into the device and the driver will be given the directions throughout the test. The device evaluates the performance of the driver continuously and keeps track of the number of errors the driver made. Finally it declares whether the driver passed or failed the road test based on the number of the mistakes.
Transmembrane Topology of the Sulfonylurea Receptor SUR1

Sulfonylurea receptors (SURx) are multi-spanning transmembrane proteins of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family, which associate with Kir6.x to form ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Two models, with 13–17 transmembrane segments, have been proposed for SURx topologies. Recently, we demonstrated that the amino-terminal region of SUR1 contains 5 transmembrane segments, supporting the 17-transmembrane model. To investigate the topology of the complete full-length SUR1, two strategies were employed. Topology was probed by accessibility of introduced cysteines to a membrane-impermeable biotinylating reagent, biotin maleimide. Amino acid positions 6/26, 99, 159, 337, 567, 1051, and 1274 were accessible, therefore extracellular, whereas many endogenous and some introduced cysteines were inaccessible, thus likely cytoplasmic or intramembrane. These sites correspond to extracellular loops 1–3, 5–6, and 8 and the NH2 terminus, and intracellular loops 3–8 and COOH terminus in the 17-transmembrane model. Immunofluorescence was used to determine accessibility of epitope-tagged SUR1 in intact and permeabilized cells. Epitopes at positions 337 and 1050 (putative external loops 3 and 6) were labeled in intact cells, therefore external, whereas positions 485 and 1119 (putative internal loops 5 and 7) only were accessible after permeabilization and therefore internal. These results are compatible with the 17-transmembrane model with two pairs of transmembrane segments as possible reentrant loops.
Antigenic variation in three distinct determinants of an influenza type A haemagglutinin molecule

Antigenic variation in three distinct determinants of an influenza type A haemagglutinin molecule
A net impact analysis of active labour programmes in Hungary

This paper presents estimates of the impact on re-employment and earnings of the two most popular active labour programmes used during the economic transition in Hungary: retraining and public service employment (PSE). To adjust for non-random assignment of programme participants, net impacts were computed using matched pair samples and regression models. The evidence suggests retraining may improve the chance for reemployment, is unlikely to improve re-employment earnings, but may improve job durability. Net societal benefits could be improved by retraining relatively more males, older persons, and those with less education. PSE does not appear to provide a reliable path to a regular non-subsidized job, and may even lower re-employment earnings. PSE might best be viewed as an income transfer programme having the collateral benefit of maintaining basic work habits. The net societal impact of PSE could increase if it involved relatively more females and older persons.
A high-speed and large-scale dictionary matching engine for Information Extraction systems

Dictionary matching is a commonly used operation in Information Extraction (IE) systems. It involves matching a set of strings in a document against a dictionary of pre-defined patterns. In this paper, we describe a high performance and scalable hardware architecture to enable high throughput dictionary matching on very large dictionaries for text analytics applications. Our hardware accelerator employs a novel hashing based approach instead of commonly used deterministic finite automata (DFA) based algorithms. A limitation of the DFA based approaches is that they typically process one character every cycle, while the proposed hash based scheme can process a string token every cycle, thus achieving significantly higher processing throughput than the DFA based implementations. Our measurement results based on a prototype implementation on an Altera Stratix IV FPGA device indicate that our hardware dictionary matching engine can process typical document streams at a processing rate of ~1.5GB/s (~12 Gbps) while simultaneously allowing support for large dictionary sizes containing up to ~100K patterns, thus making it very useful for IE workload acceleration.
Deformation twinning in boron carbide particles within nanostructured Al 5083/B4C metal matrix composites

The presence of deformation twins is documented in boron carbide reinforcement particles within a nanostructured Al 5083/B4C metal matrix composite. High resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis suggests that these are (0001) twins. This work discusses the mechanisms responsible for their formation based on crystallographic analysis and mechanical loading conditions. Specifically, we propose that there are two potential models that can be used to describe twin formation in boron carbide particles. The structural models involve slip in the 1/3[1100] (0110) or 1/3[0110] (0110) planes of C–C–C chains and the appropriate reconfiguration of B–C bonds. Analysis of the loading conditions experienced by the boron carbide particles indicates that local high stress intensity and the presence of a high shear force around the boron carbide particles are two factors that contribute to twin formation.
Scattered electromagnetic and plasma waves of a conducting cylinder coated with a compressible plasma

When an electromagnetic wave is incident upon an interface between a free space and a compressible plasma, both an electromagnetic wave and a plasma wave are excited. This paper solves the scattering problem of an infinitely long conducting cylinder which is coated with a layer of compressible plasma. The source is assumed to be a magnetic line current which gives rise to an incident magnetic field with only an axial component. Complete expressions for both the scattered electric and magnetic fields and the guided pressure field are obtained. Scattering by a compressible plasma column and that by a conducting cylinder coated with an incompressible plasma layer are special cases of the present problem.
New interpretation of the doping and temperature dependence of photoemission line shape and its implication to the high-T c superconductivity

ABSTRACT Recent findings in the experiments on high T superconductors by angle resolved photoemission are discussed.Detailed temperature and doping dependent lineshape studies on cuprates lead to a new interpretation of the pho- toemission data. The broad photoemission peaks which often extend to the Fermi level when they are a few hundred meV away from the Fermi level are not single states with very large broadening. Rather, the broad structure shouldbe interpreted as a collection of states. It is found that the low energy part of this structure is involved in the pairingand, contrary to the conventional supercondutors, the pairing occurs not only near the so called Fermi surface but also away from it. Keywords: Photoemission, ARPES, Lineshape, HTSC 1. INTRODUCTION Angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) has played a vital role in understanding the electronic structure of the high T superconductors (HTSCs). Its contribution can be found in the band structure mapping, mappingof the Fermi surface, and gap measurement of both superconducting- and pseudo-gaps"2'3. Even though manystudies on the HTSCs show very unconventional properties, the interpretations of these experimental findings havebeen mostly, to a certain extent, based on the conventional picture. Probable reason for this may be that all thesemeasured quantities are in one way or another related to the conventional BCS theory based on the band picture.
Boundary flexibility method of component mode synthesis using static Ritz vectors

A method of dynamic substructuring is presented which provides for the incorporation of a set of static Ritz vectors, referred to as boundary flexibility vectors, as a replacement and/or supplement to conventional eigenvectors in component mode synthesis. The suggested boundary flexibility Ritz vectors are generated by an extension of Wilson's load-dependent Ritz vector algorithm for transient dynamic analysis. The extended algorithm is not load-dependent, is applicable to both fixed-and free-interface components, and results in a general component mode synthesis model appropriate for any type of dynamic analysis.
Verification of National Weather Service Ensemble Streamflow Predictions for Water Supply Forecasting in the Colorado River Basin

The Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP) system, developed by the National Weather Service (NWS), uses conceptual hydrologic models and historical data to generate a set, or ensemble, of possible streamflow scenarios conditioned on the initial states of a given basin. Using this approach, simulated historical probabilistic forecasts were generated for 14 forecast points in the Colorado River basin, and the statistical properties of the ensembles were evaluated. The median forecast traces were analyzed using ‘‘traditional’’ verification measures; these forecasts represented ‘‘deterministic ESP forecasts.’’ The minimum-error and historical traces were examined to evaluate the median forecasts and the forecast system. Distribution-oriented verification measures were used to analyze the probabilistic information contained in the entire forecast ensemble. Using a single-trace prediction, for example, the median, resulted in a loss of valuable uncertainty information about predicted seasonal volumes that is provided by the entire ensemble. The minimum-error and historical traces revealed that there are errors in the data, calibration, and models, which are part of the uncertainty provided by the probabilistic forecasts, but are not considered in the median forecast. The simulated ESP forecasts more accurately predicted future streamflow than climatology forecasts and, on average, provided useful information about the likelihood of future streamflow magnitude with a lead time of up to 7 months. Overall, the forecast provided stronger probability statements and became more reliable at shorter lead times. The distribution-oriented verification approach was shown to be applicable to ESP outlooks and appropriate for extracting detailed performance information, although interpretation of the results is complicated by inadequate sample sizes.
NRC's response to the National Academy of Science's transportation study: going the distance?

AbstractIn February 2006, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) published the results of a 3˙5-year study, titled Going the Distance, which examined the safety of transporting spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and high level waste (HLW) in the United States. NAS initiated this study to address what it perceived to be a national need for an independent, objective and authoritative analysis of SNF and HLW transport in the United States. The study was cosponsored by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the US Department of Energy, the US Department of Transportation, the Electric Power Research Institute and the National Cooperative Highway Research Program. This paper addresses some of the recommendations made in the NAS study related to the performance of SNF transportation packages in long duration fires, the use of full scale package testing, and the need for an independent review of transportation security prior to the commencement of large scale shipping campaigns to an interim storage site or geologic reposi...
“I never saw such people”: Reading Steinbeck in the Great Recession

In this essay, I argue that John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath has taken on renewed significance in the midst of the current economic downturn known in the United States as “the Great Recession.” While in the 1930s Steinbeck’s novel offered a way of understanding and responding to the economic conditions of the Depression, today the novel foregrounds the degree to which postmodernism has foreclosed the utopian possibilities of the novel’s grand narrative. I contend that the novel’s methodology can provide a flawed but potent framework for an effective literary response to the current economic crisis.
Poster Abstract: background traffic-aware rate adaptation for IEEE 802.11: implementation and test-bed experimental results

IEEE 802.11-based devices employ rate adaptation algorithms to dynamically switch data rates to accommodate the fluctuating wireless channel conditions. In this paper, we design and implement a new Background traffic aware rate adaptation algorithm (BEWARE) in Linux-based device driver. The proposed rate adaptation algorithm makes rate decisions by on-the-fly estimating the expected packet transmission time which captures both current wireless channel and background traffic conditions. Our test-bed experiment results show that BEWARE outperforms other rate adaptation algorithms by up to 150% in various indoor and outdoor scenarios.
Experimental manipulation of body size to estimate morphological scaling relationships in Drosophila.

The scaling of body parts is a central feature of animal morphology1-7. Within species, morphological traits need to be correctly proportioned to the body for the organism to function; larger individuals typically have larger body parts and smaller individuals generally have smaller body parts, such that overall body shape is maintained across a range of adult body sizes. The requirement for correct proportions means that individuals within species usually exhibit low variation in relative trait size. In contrast, relative trait size can vary dramatically among species and is a primary mechanism by which morphological diversity is produced. Over a century of comparative work has established these intra- and interspecific patterns3,4. Perhaps the most widely used approach to describe this variation is to calculate the scaling relationship between the size of two morphological traits using the allometric equation y=bxα, where x and y are the size of the two traits, such as organ and body size8,9. This equation describes the within-group (e.g., species, population) scaling relationship between two traits as both vary in size. Log-transformation of this equation produces a simple linear equation, log(y) = log(b) + αlog(x) and log-log plots of the size of different traits among individuals of the same species typically reveal linear scaling with an intercept of log(b) and a slope of α, called the 'allometric coefficient'9,10. Morphological variation among groups is described by differences in scaling relationship intercepts or slopes for a given trait pair. Consequently, variation in the parameters of the allometric equation (b and α) elegantly describes the shape variation captured in the relationship between organ and body size within and among biological groups (see 11,12). Not all traits scale linearly with each other or with body size (e.g., 13,14) Hence, morphological scaling relationships are most informative when the data are taken from the full range of trait sizes. Here we describe how simple experimental manipulation of diet can be used to produce the full range of body size in insects. This permits an estimation of the full scaling relationship for any given pair of traits, allowing a complete description of how shape covaries with size and a robust comparison of scaling relationship parameters among biological groups. Although we focus on Drosophila, our methodology should be applicable to nearly any fully metamorphic insect.
Fluid Mixing and Dynamical Systems

Abstract We have discussed several aspects of mixing in fluid flows, first by concentrating on a specific mixing problem - that of a simple diffusion flame with fast chemical kinetics in an arbitrary flow. The dependence of the local reactant consumption rate on the history of the local stretching of the flame sheet was determined up to the point where the flame sheet folds over on itself and the product zones collide. The analysis was applied to a simple, steady vortex flow producing a spiral flame sheet. In this case, the specific mixing problem is completely solved. Next we considered the flow due to a pair of translating point vortices subjected to a time-periodic potential flow. In this flow fluid is continually entrained into and detrained from a “turbulent” zone that moves with the translating pair. The original mixing problem was not solved but a considerable amount of information about entrainment rates, size of the mixing zone, etc., was obtained by using concepts and techniques from dynamical systems theory. In addition good insights into the mixing process were obtained. Tin particular, it was shown how the simple lobe structures of the stable and stable maniforlds, with their ordered behavior under the Poincare' map, are responsible for chaotic mixing and mass transport.
Automated petrographic characterization of coal lithotypes

Abstract Although petrographic analysis of the lithotypes present in coal samples has been successfully used in the correlation of coal seams, the study of the environments of coal seam deposition, and the evaluation of the mining and cleaning properties of numerous coal seams, coal lithotype analysis is not routinely performed in North America at this time because it is very time consuming and requires the services of a highly skilled petrographer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capability of one of the newly improved image analysis microscope systems to characterize coal lithotypes and perform automated lithotype analyses on polished block samples of coal. The results of this study show that each of the lithotypes examined, vitrain, clarain, fusain, and durain, yield a characteristic reflectance histogram and that analysis of reflectance histograms taken from a transverse, perpendicular to bedding, down a polished block sample yield results on the kinds and thicknesses of the lithotypes present that are in good agreement with the results obtained by manual methods.
The metamorphoses of representative government

This paper argues that comtemporary developments in democratic politics mark the emergence of a new type of representative government. Current trends such as the weakening of party identification, the decline of political platforms or the increasing role of an elite of media experts may be regarded as undermining the principle of popular government. The paper demonstrates, however, that representative government was not invented as an indirect form of government by the people, but as a wholly original political system resting on principles different from those which organize democracy. Moreover, a number of institutional arrangements were established at the origins of representative government which have been virtually unquestioned since. Political representation has changed much less than is generally assumed. It is true, on the other hand, that the constant principles of representative government have had different consequences depending on the circumstance in which they were implemented. Such differenc...