cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A role for YY1 in repression of dominant negative LEF-1 expression in colon cancer

Lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF-1) mediates Wnt signaling via recruitment of β-catenin to target genes. The LEF1 gene is aberrantly transcribed in colon cancers because promoter 1 (P1) is a Wnt target gene and is activated by TCF–β-catenin complexes. A second promoter in intron 2 (P2) produces dominant negative LEF-1 isoforms (dnLEF-1), but P2 is silent because it is repressed by an upstream distal repressor element. In this study we identify Yin Yang 1 (YY1) transcription factor as the P2-specific factor necessary for repression. Site-directed mutagenesis and EMSA were used to identify a YY1-binding site at +25 in P2, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays detected YY1 binding to endogenous LEF1 P2. Mutation of this site relieves P2 repression in transient transfections, and knockdown of endogenous YY1 relieves repression of integrated P2 reporter constructs and decreases the H3K9me3 epigenetic marks. YY1 is responsible for repressor specificity because introduction of a single YY1-binding site into the P1 promoter makes it sensitive to the distal repressor. We also show that induced expression of dnLEF-1 in colon cancer cells slows their rate of proliferation. We propose that YY1 plays an important role in preventing dnLEF-1 expression and growth inhibition in colon cancer.
Values of protagonists in best pictures and blockbusters: Implications for marketing

Understanding the personal values of protagonists in films can provide a foundation upon which to build film marketing campaigns. The research discussed below focused on the personal values of protagonists in 93 films comprising three samples released in the United States between 1996 and 2005 noteworthy for their eminent creativity and/or high profitability. The method used was content analysis with coding based on the adaptations of the Rokeach value descriptors. The most important personal values related to goals were determined to be family security, self-respect, a sense of accomplishment, and true friendship (in all three samples); mature love and wisdom (in two samples); and inner harmony and national security (in one sample each). The most important personal values related to desirable behaviors were being ambitious, capable, courageous, helpful, loving, and responsible (in all three samples); and being honest (in one sample). Longitudinal analyses of the value hierarchies that changed in significance from beginning to end of the films indicated a shift from selfconcern and materialism to societal concerns and altruism. The content analysis methodology used in this study has implications for marketing professionals in that it reveals means of analyzing popular films as source material to garner insights into the personal values of the consumers who attend the films. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three-Dimensional Structure of Lifted, Turbulent-Jet Flames

Abstract Previous planar imaging measurements in lifted, turbulent jet flames provide evidence for the three-dimensionality of these flows and the importance of flame propagation in the azimuthal direction normal to the image plane. The primary objective of the present paper is to obtain data in a plane normal to the flow direction that will provide a better understanding of the three-dimensional features of the flow. In addition, the results of the previous measurements were limited to a Reynolds number of 7,000. imaging data at a Reynolds number of 12,100 will be presented to extend the previous findings to a higher Reynolds number regime. Images of the radial cross section in the low Reynolds number flame show that considerable asymmetry and structure exist. At upstream locations, the flame is typically not continuous around the circumference of the jet but consists of multiple flame segments. Farther downstream, the flame extends over a larger percentage of the circumference with breaks confined to sm...
Lord acton and employment doctrines : Absolute power and the spread of at-will employment

This study analyzes the at-will employment doctrine using a tool that encompasses the complementarity of results-based utilitarian ethics, rule-based duty ethics, and virtue-based character ethics. The paper begins with a discussion of the importance of the problem followed by its evolution and current status. After describing the method of analysis, the central section evaluates the employment at-will doctrine, and is informed by Lord Acton’s dictum, “power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.” The conclusion explores the implications of the findings.
A mass spectrometric comparison of the interactions of cisplatin and transplatin with myoglobin.

Abstract Mass spectrometric studies of the interactions of cisplatin and transplatin with myoglobin (Mb) provide information concerning interaction kinetics, Mb adduct identity, and cisplatin and transplatin binding sites on Mb. Although the Mb–cisplatin interaction is faster than the Mb–transplatin interaction, monoadducts and diadducts were formed in both the interactions over 30 h. In order to locate the binding sites of cisplatin and transplatin on Mb, digests of free Mb, Mb–cisplatin and Mb–transplatin adducts were subjected to analysis by Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FT-MS). This analysis revealed that two fragment ions, 1313.27 5+ and 1316.68 5+ , were obtained only from the Mb–cisplatin and Mb–transplatin adduct digests. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS and MS 3 ) of the 1313.27 5+ and 1316.68 5+ ions indicate that these ions arise from [Pt(NH 3 )] 2+ and [Pt(NH 3 ) 2 ] 2+ , respectively, bound to peptide His97-Gly153. The product-ion spectra of the MS/MS and MS 3 analyses of the 1313.27 5+ ion indicate a common binding site of cisplatin and transplatin on His116-His119 residues. The interactions of cisplatin and transplatin with a dipeptide His-Ser and the three dimensional (3D) structure of native Mb suggest that cisplatin and transplatin coordinate to His116 and His119.
ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL (DEANOL) IN TREATMENT OF TARDIVE DYSKINESIA

An ABAB reversal design with matched placebo was employed to assess the acetylcholine precursor, deanol, in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. Oral dyskinesia was monitored by electromyography in four patients with tardive dyskinesia. A battery of psychological rating scales was also utilized to determine effects of deanol on psychological functioning. Improvement ranged from 35 to 70% dyskinetic symptom reduction in three patients given deanol. The decrease in symptomatology, however, did not reach the level of oral EMG activity observed in a normal control subject. Psychological functioning was generally unaffected, but slight improvement was seen in two subjects.
1 W single-transverse-mode Yb-doped double-clad fibre laser at 978 nm

A novel all-glass Yb-doped double-clad fibre laser that emits over 1 W of single-transverse-mode output at 978 nm is described. This device is efficiently pumped with 2.5 W of launched power from a single 200 µm broad-area laser diode at 915 nm.
The Oxidation of the Silver Electrode in Alkaline Solutions

The formation of and was studied by means of constant current and constant potential processes. The efficiency of these oxide formations was determined by measuring the gain in weight of Ag electrodes under various conditions of charge, and the extent of the polarization of these processes was measured by using an interrupted current technique.
Emotion and the growth of consciousness: Gaining insight through a phenomenology of rage

Some attempts to understand emotion have failed to account for important features of our emotional experience — notably, the experience of gaining insight when we express our emotions. In this essay I will hold that if we properly understand emotions, then we see that the expression of emotion contributes to the growth of consciousness by providing a process wherein consciousness can recognize and reclaim its inherent wholeness, and thereby overcome fragmentation. Hence, in this essay I will strive to: (1) demonstrate that we do get insight when we express our emotions, (2) offer a suggestion as to why this feature is often overlooked, (3) propose a model for understanding the emotions that helps to explain this holistic feature of emotion, and (4) show how this insight into the nature of emotion contributes to our understanding of the growth of consciousness.
Methods to assess beta cell death mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T cell mediated autoimmune disease. During the pathogenesis, patients become progressively more insulinopenic as insulin production is lost, presumably this results from the destruction of pancreatic beta cells by T cells. Understanding the mechanisms of beta cell death during the development of T1D will provide insights to generate an effective cure for this disease. Cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity (CML) assays have historically used the radionuclide Chromium 51 ((51)Cr) to label target cells. These targets are then exposed to effector cells and the release of (51)Cr from target cells is read as an indication of lymphocyte-mediated cell death. Inhibitors of cell death result in decreased release of (51)Cr. As effector cells, we used an activated autoreactive clonal population of CD8(+) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) isolated from a mouse stock transgenic for both the alpha and beta chains of the AI4 T cell receptor (TCR). Activated AI4 T cells were co-cultured with (51)Cr labeled target NIT cells for 16 hours, release of (51)Cr was recorded to calculate specific lysis Mitochondria participate in many important physiological events, such as energy production, regulation of signaling transduction, and apoptosis. The study of beta cell mitochondrial functional changes during the development of T1D is a novel area of research. Using the mitochondrial membrane potential dye Tetramethyl Rhodamine Methyl Ester (TMRM) and confocal microscopic live cell imaging, we monitored mitochondrial membrane potential over time in the beta cell line NIT-1. For imaging studies, effector AI4 T cells were labeled with the fluorescent nuclear staining dye Picogreen. NIT-1 cells and T cells were co-cultured in chambered coverglass and mounted on the microscope stage equipped with a live cell chamber, controlled at 37°C, with 5% CO(2;), and humidified. During these experiments images were taken of each cluster every 3 minutes for 400 minutes. Over a course of 400 minutes, we observed the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential in NIT-1 cell clusters where AI4 T cells were attached. In the simultaneous control experiment where NIT-1 cells were co-cultured with MHC mis-matched human lymphocyte Jurkat cells, mitochondrial membrane potential remained intact. This technique can be used to observe real-time changes in mitochondrial membrane potential in cells under attack of cytotoxic lymphocytes, cytokines, or other cytotoxic reagents.
The differential effect of magnesium and manganese ions on the synthesis of poly (dGd.C) and Micrococcus luteus DNA by Micrococcus luteus DNA polymerase.

Abstract Micrococcus luteus DNA polymerase, which can be activated by either Mn 2+ or Mg 2+ , responds differently to the presence of these two cations with M. luteus DNA (72% G + C) or poly (dG · dC), while with DNA's or polymers of high A + T content, no differences are observed. With M. luteus DNA templates, more rapid and extensive synthesis is obtained in the presence of Mn 2+ than of Mg 2+ , although the relative incorporation of the component nucleotides into product DNA is the same with either cation. With poly(dG · dC) as template, the rate, final level and products of synthesis depend on the cation present. Synthesis is rapid in Mn 2+ and the product is dGdC. In Mg 2+ , the synthesized product which rarely attains the concentration of the template added is heterogeneous and contains about 2G:1C. The densities of the Mg 2+ template-product complexes are higher in Cs 2 SO 4 but lower in CsCl than poly(dG · dC). These Mg 2+ complexes seem to be at least partially triple-stranded. A differential effect of the two cations is also observed in synthesis with poly(dI · dC). Results concerned with the survival of polymerase activity in the presence of polymers and cations suggest that (1) cations enhance the binding of polymerase to polymers, (2) binding to polymers in the presence of cations stabilizes the enzyme, (3) in either cation, polymerase binds more tightly to poly(dA-T) than to poly(dG · dC), and (4) binding to poly(dG · dC) is tighter in Mn 2+ than in Mg 2+ . It is suggested that the differences in synthetic rates observed in Mn 2+ and Mg 2+ with M. luteus DNA are due to a lower binding constant of the polymerase in Mg 2+ when it is copying GC regions of this DNA, which given its high over-all G + C content must be quite frequent.
Investigating atomic structure of thin carbon film under mechanical stress and frictional heat generation

Abstract Thin carbon film has been widely used as a surface protective coating for many engineering and scientific devices due to its chemical and mechanical stability. When a carbon film experiences high speed sliding contact, its material properties can be degraded by mechanical contact stress and temperature rise by friction, which thus can lead to system malfunction or failure. In this study, thin amorphous carbon film applied onto a head slider surface of hard disk drive (HDD) carried out high speed sliding contact with a single asperity defect and a bulk surface of a rotating magnetic disk. From the post-experiment analysis, it was found that the contact with a single asperity defect produced a deep scratch on the head carbon film, while the bulk surface contact generated burnishing wear on the film. After the two different types of contact test, the atomic structure of head carbon film was investigated using micro-Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was observed that the carbon atoms in the area of deep scratch and burnishing wear clearly showed the increasing of sp2 bonds or clusters. This implies that the head carbon film under high speed sliding contact would have experienced the graphitization process (i.e., material softening) by contact stress and frictional temperature rise. Next, the change in mechanical strength of carbon film was evaluated using the nanoscratch experiment. From the measured scratch width and depth values, it could be found that the more burnished carbon film showed the wider and deeper scratch due to the softer mechanical strength, which was consistent with the micro-Raman and XPS measurements.
Gay, Mexican and immigrant: intersecting identities among gay men in Los Angeles

This paper draws on a multi-sited ethnographic research study of sexual identity formation among self-identified gay Mexican men in Los Angeles, Mexico City and Cuernavaca. Relying primarily on in-depth interviews with 24 gay immigrant men and extensive participant observation in Los Angeles, this research explores the intersection of sexuality, social class, ethnicity and immigration in the participants' daily lives and identity formation processes, the potential ways that transnational social networks shape their identities, and the ways that sexuality impacts the contours of their transnational networks. This article argues that the participants' identities as gay men are best understood as hybrid constructions that integrate elements of the gender-stratified activo/pasivo model of homosexuality and the object-choice gay model of homosexuality, and that the integration of these models into their identities is impacted by social class, geography, and immigration. Further, this paper argues that the subj...
Measurements of the debond energy for thin metallization lines on dielectrics

Abstract A new method for measuring the interface fracture energy Γi for thin metal films on dielectrics has been used to study the interface between vapor deposited Cu films and various dielectric substrates (SiO2, SiNx and polyimide). For fixed Cu film thickness, the ordering of Γi from lowest to highest has been established as: Cu SiN x → Cu SiO 2 → Cu polyimide . For a given interface, the effects of Γi of Cu layer thickness have been found to be small for thin films in the range 50–500 nm. Γi increases slightly with layer thickness. There are also small effects on Γi of mode mixity angle, Ψ: Γi increases as Ψ increases from ∼ 0 to ∼ 50°.
Dermal permeation of 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, a model water-miscible compound: Effects of concentration, thermodynamic activity and skin hydration

Abstract The goal of these studies was to measure and interpret the skin permeability characteristics of 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA) as a model compound that is completely miscible with water. Methods In vitro permeation from HPA-H 2 O binary mixtures through human epidermis and silicone membranes was measured. Thermodynamic activities of HPA and H 2 O in these mixtures were determined. Permeation was also measured through epidermis and silicone from donor solutions with constant HPA activity but different H 2 O activities. Water uptake into desiccated human stratum corneum (SC) equilibrated with HPA-H 2 O mixtures was determined. Results Steady-state flux of HPA through silicone was a linear function of HPA activity but not HPA concentration. For epidermis on the other hand, flux increased with HPA activity only for HPA activities ≤0.35. At constant HPA activity, flux decreased 4.5-fold as water activity decreased from 1 to 0.8. Incubation of SC with HPA-H 2 O mixtures resulted in substantial changes in SC water content, dependent on the water activity of the mixture and consistent with measured SC water sorption data. Conclusions These experiments provide unequivocal evidence of a substantial increase in epidermal barrier function resulting from SC dehydration. Dehydration-related alterations in the SC appear responsible for the observed flux characteristics.
Elevated glucose activates protein synthesis in cultured cardiac myocytes.

Abstract Diabetes mellitus results in chronic hyperglycemia, a serious metabolic disorder associated with a markedly increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the effects of high glucose (HG) on cardiac myocyte growth have not been fully clarified. In this study, the effect of glucose on cardiac myocyte growth was examined using leucine incorporation as an index of protein synthesis. High glucose (HG, 25 mmol/L) increased leucine incorporation (167% ± 0.2% over normal glucose, n = 4, P
RISK OF CONTRALATERAL HYDROCELE OR HERNIA AFTER UNILATERAL HYDROCELE REPAIR IN CHILDREN

AbstractPurpose: Recent laparoscopic studies indicate a high incidence of a contralateral open internal ring in children undergoing unilateral hydrocele or hernia repair, raising the question of whether routine contralateral exploration should be done. Data on the long-term risk of clinical contralateral hernia or hydrocele after unilateral hydrocele repair are limited. To address this question we performed long-term followup in patients who underwent unilateral hydrocele repair.Materials and Methods: We followed patients who previously underwent unilateral hydrocele repair performed by one of us before 1997. Patients were interviewed by telephone and encouraged to return to one of us or their pediatrician for evaluation.Results: Of the 101 patients who fulfilled study inclusion criteria 85 who were 5 to 107 months old (median age 37) at the original surgery were successfully contacted, including 45 examined by one of us or a pediatrician and 40 followed by telephone interview only. Contralateral hydrocel...
The Synthesis and Properties of Two Catalytically Important Zeolites

Abstract With his discovery of stilbite in 1756, Cronstedt [1] recognized the existence of a new group of minerals consisting of hydrated “aluminosilicates” of the alkali and alkaline earth cations. While several members of the group may have similar or nearly identical compositions, each possesses its own, unique crystal structure. At present there are 35 known naturally occurring zeolites. The crystal structures have been determined for 27 and all but about 10 have been prepared synthetically. This paper will present the definition of zeolites and focus on the synthesis and physicochemical properties of two catalytically and commercially important synthetic zeolites, zeolite Y and zeolite ZSM-5.
Behavioural Psychotherapy by Trainee Psychiatrists: Does It work and is it Cost Effective?

This study compared the outcome of patients treated with behavioural psychotherapy by a nurse behavioural psychotherapist against the outcome of those treated by trainee psychiatrists under his supervision. The trainees were shown to produce improvement, but significantly less than the supervisor. It was shown that supervision of trainees was a cost effective use of the supervisor's time.
Die volumetrische Bestimmung von Kalium in tierischen Flüssigkeiten

Wenn in tierischen Flussigkeiten kein Eiweis vorhanden ist, erweist es sich als das Vorteilhafteste, die trockenen Ruckstande einem Salpeter-Schwefelsauregemisch (9:1) zu oxydieren. In Gegenwart von Eiweis ist es zweckmasiger mit Brom oder mit Salpetersaure allein zu oxydieren, wobei man im letzteren Falle zum Schluss den Ruckstand mit etwas konzentrierter Schwefelsaure befeuchtet und dann nochmals erhitzt.
Histamine secretion from mast cells and basophils

Abstract This paper reviews the biochemical events which accompany basophil/mast cells activation. The bridging of IgE-molecules on the cell surface results in the activation of transmethylation enzymes and the formation of phosphatidylcholine. This is followed by an influx of Ca 2+ into the cell and the activation of phospholipase which acts on phosphatidylcholine to release arachidonic acid. Further steps which include protein phosphorylation result in histamine secretion.
Turbulent boundary layer profiles over uniform rough surfaces

Abstract Historically, atmospheric boundary layer profiles have been most commonly expressed by logarithmic and power law forms. This paper examines several ways in which the wind profile can be “derived” and shows that all the methods lead either to logarithmic or power law expressions. The logarithmic form is seen to be best near the surface, with the power law a better fit at greater heights or over a larger range of elevations. Results show that the power law exponent is a function of the boundary layer thickness and the surface roughness. The various expressions obtained are compared with the log-polynomial profile proposed by Deaves and Harris (CIRIA Rep. 76, 1978) since it has been verified with many atmospheric profiles measured to as much as half the boundary layer thickness. When compared over the entire boundary layer, the power law agrees with the Deaves and Harris model to within a maximum of 5% and generally much less; a weighted log-power law expression agrees with the Deaves and Harris expression to within 1%. The velocity defect forms of the several expressions are examined, and all show similar values and variation.
Strong Correlation Transport and Coherence

We discuss the notion of fermi liquid coherence in the different regimes of the Anderson lattice. For finite doping heavy fermion (HF) behaviour results when the kondo exchange energy JK is smaller than the oxygen oxygen overlap tpp. High temperature superconductors (HTS) are in the opposite regime (JK≫tpp). Doping the charge transfer insulator state introduces Zhang Rice singlet like states in the gap. These states, at zero temperature, continuously evolve into Kondo resonances as tpp is increased. The mechanism for destruction of coherence, at finite temperatures, is qualitatively different in the HF and the HTS regime. We study the temperature dependence of the transport coefficients when the charge transfer gap is large, in the temperature regime T≫Tcoh. We discuss our results in connection with the anomalous properties of the copper oxides.
Activation of Central, But Not Peripheral, Estrogen Receptors Is Necessary for Estradiol's Anorexigenic Effect in Ovariectomized Rats

Estradiol appears to exert its anorexigenic effect by activating nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs), which are expressed widely in peripheral tissues and in the brain. Here, we used ICI-182,780 (ICI), a pure antiestrogen with limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, to assess the relative involvement of peripheral vs. central ERs to estradiol’s anorexigenic effect. Food intake was measured after peripheral (sc) administration of ICI or vehicle in ovariectomized rats treated with acute injections of estradiol benzoate and sesame oil over a 2-wk period. Uterine weight was assessed as a biological assay of peripheral ER activation. In a second experiment, food intake was measured after central (lateral ventricular) administration of ICI or vehicle in ovariectomized rats receiving acute injections of estradiol benzoate and oil over a period of 10 d. In order to assess the possible spread of ICI from the brain to the periphery, vaginal cytology samples were examined as a biological assay of peripheral ER activation. Peripherally administered ICI failed to attenuate estradiol’s anorexigenic effect at a dose that was sufficient to block estradiol’s uterotrophic effect. This suggests that peripheral activation of ERs is not necessary for estradiol’s anorexigenic effect. Although central infusion of 4 nm ICI blocked estradiol’s anorexigenic effect, it did not attenuate estradiol’s ability to increase the presence of cornified cells in vaginal cytology samples, suggesting that ICI did not leak into the periphery. We conclude that activation of central, but not peripheral, ERs is necessary for estradiol’s anorexigenic effect.
Calibration Enabled Scalable Current Sensor Module for Quiescent Current Testing

Semiconductor testing is aimed at screening fabrication defects that impact expected functionality. While catastrophic defects result in non working devices, parametric faults result in marginalities and are of increasing concern with deep sub-micron process technologies. This work presents a scheme to monitor Circuit-Under-Test (CUT) static bias current to identify catastrophic as well as parametric faults. All circuits require a deterministic amount of DC bias current which may vary outside the specifications when faults exist within the circuit. We propose a compensated current measurement Built-in-Current-Sensor (BICS) scheme, which can be used for sub-system level/circuit-level bias current measurements. The BICS provides accessibility to internal blocks and enables isolated parametric testing. Calibration routine enables process independence and provides robustness. The BICS is compatible with Very-Low-Cost Automatic Test Equipment (VLC-ATE), and can be used for detailed parametric testing in the production environment.
Elastic-constant softening in nonperiodic Mo/Ni multilayers.

Surface-acoustic-wave velocity measurements on nonperiodic Mo/Ni multilayers show that an electronic mechanism based on minizone boundaries is not responsible for the softening of the ${\mathit{c}}_{44}$ elastic constant that occurs at small modulation wavelengths in periodic samples. The spacings between the x-ray satellite peaks of the nonperiodic multilayers are not equal. Model calculations predict these spacings and show that the satellite positions depend on the individual atomic interplanar spacings and not just the average modulation wavelength.
Native-born Chinese Women’s Experiences in Medical Encounters in the U.S.

Native-born Chinese women’s experiences with medical help seeking in the U.S. is poorly understood, including how life phase affects it. Focus groups with middle-aged and older immigrant Chinese women explored: a) behaving assertively with doctors, b) strategies for assertiveness, c) characteristics of “ideal” doctors. Assertiveness was described as a reciprocal behavioral process between patient and doctor. Responsibility for initiating the process was seen as resting with doctors. Patient assertiveness goals included obtaining information and referrals. Strategies for achieving goals included not mentioning low-priority medical concerns in order to increase odds of obtaining referrals, and switching doctors when dissatisfied with communication. Older women reported refusing medical treatment due to language barriers. Cultural values, reported to be rooted in Confucianism, were identified by participants as shaping their help seeking. “Ideal” doctors were described as unhurried, and fully responsive to patient symptoms. Older women viewed “direct speaking” by doctors as always desirable around general information, and sometimes desirable around serious diagnoses. Older women perceived cultural differences with American-born Chinese providers. Findings are discussed in relation to continuity of care issues.
Behavior Modification by Trained and Untrained Brain Homogenate Injections

Attempts to modify the behavior of untrained Ss through injections of brain homogenates or extracts taken from trained donors have yielded positive results in a very substantial number of experiments (Dyal, 1971). However, it has yet to be conclusively demonstrated that the behavior modification obtained represents the transfer of discrete, chemically coded information rather than some less specific effect. Thus, while some investigators (Chapouthier & Ungerer, 1970) have reported apparently specific transfer without changes in general activity, others (Dyal & Golub, 1768, 1970) have obtained changes in activity level both with and without evidence of transfer of information. The present study reports clear performance differences between Ss injected with trained and untrained brain homogenate, but no specific transfer of training was observed.
Micro-scale truss structures with three-fold and six-fold symmetry formed from self-propagating polymer waveguides

A process for interconnecting a three-dimensional pattern of self-propagating polymer waveguides was used to form micro-truss structures with two new unit cell architectures. The structures were formed using a two-dimensional mask with a hexagonal pattern of apertures. Distinct unit cell architectures were possible by exposing the mask to a different number of incident UV exposure beams, which are used to form the waveguides. One unit cell design featured three intersecting waveguides per node, resulting in a structure with three-fold symmetry. The second unit cell design had six-fold symmetry and was characterized by primary nodes with six intersecting waveguides and secondary nodes with two intersecting waveguides. Compression loading experiments were conducted on micro-truss samples with comparable relative density values (ρ/ρs = 6.5%), but different unit cell architectures. The addition of secondary nodes in the structures based on the second design led to an increase in compressive modulus of up to 70% and an average increase in peak strength of 42%. The increase in compressive strength and modulus was attributed to a reduction in the truss-member slenderness ratio achieved through increased waveguide connectivity.
Synthesis of radiolabeled acetyl-coenzyme A from sodium acetate

Abstract The synthesis of high specific radioactivity [14C]-acetyl-Coenzyme A from [14C]sodium acetate, 2,6-dichlorobenzoic acid, 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole, and CoA is reported. Starting with 1 μmol of [14C]sodium acetate, this method yields pure [14C]acetyl-CoA in yields approaching 40%. Chromatography on a reversed-phase ODS column was used to separate acetyl-CoA from Coenzyme A and side products. The acetylating agent is apparently a reaction intermediate, acetylimidazole.
Influence of mucosal cell origin on the in vitro adherence of Candida albicans: Are mucosal cells from different sources equivalent?

The influence of collecting mucosal cells from various anatomical sites, and varying the date of collection and cell donor on adhesion of Candida albicans to human epithelial cells was examined by using an in vitro adherence assay. Examination of buccal mucosal cells from twenty-four donors showed statistically significant differences in the number of attached yeasts between individuals. Sex did not exert a significant influence on adhesion. Examination of buccal mucosal cells from ten donors collected on five different dates revealed that yeast attachment to mucosal epithelial cells varied significantly within subjects across time. Epithelial cells from some donors manifested greater date-to-date variations in yeast adhesion than others. Adherence of Candida to mucosal cells from three anatomical sites (mouth, vagina and urinary tract) collected from ten different donors was also tested. Yeast adherence to buccal cells was highest, lowest using urinary tract cells, while vaginal epithelium was intermediate. Adherence to mucosal cells from three sites was significantly different both within and between individuals although some subjects manifested larger variations than others. These data suggest that the in vitro adherence of Candida albicans is influenced by mucosal cell donor, date of collection and body site of origin. Mucosal cells from different sources do not appear to be equivalent in receptiveness to C. albicans and this might explain some of the discrepancies observed when adhesion studies performed by different investigators are compared. The existing need for a more uniform methodology with which to pursue studies on fungal attachment to mucosal surfaces is emphasized.
Time-of-flight mass spectrometry as a tool for speciation analysis

Abstract Time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) has recently been introduced as an alternative to scanning-based mass analyzers for use in elemental analysis. Coupled with an inductively coupled plasma or alternative ion source, TOFMS can produce a complete atomic mass spectrum in less than 50 μs. Because of this high spectral-generation rate, even very brief transient signals can be recorded with high fidelity. Furthermore, each mass spectrum is derived from the same sub-microsecond pulse of ions, so high precision can be achieved by using either isotope-ratioing or internal standardization techniques. All these features make TOFMS attractive for the measurement of transient signals, such as those commonly encountered in speciation analysis. In this paper, the capabilities of TOFMS in speciation will be demonstrated through the coupling of gas chromatography and capillary electrophoresis with an inductively coupled plasma-TOFMS. Additionally, the development of novel switched gas sampling glow discharge (GSGD) ionization sources will be described and their role in chemical speciation will be evaluated. The switched GSGD has the ability to collect both atomic and molecular mass spectra in rapid succession, to provide additional information about chemical species. The coupling of various sample introduction systems (flow-cell, exponential dilutor, capillary gas chromatography and electrothermal vaporization) to the GSGD is outlined.
A method for activation of endogenous acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) in the nervous system with high spatial and temporal precision.

Protons activate acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) in the central nervous system (CNS) although the impact of such activation on brain outputs remains elusive. Progress elucidating the functional roles of ASIC1a in the CNS has been hindered by technical difficulties of achieving acidification with spatial and temporal precision. We have implemented a method to control optically the opening of ASIC1a in brain slices and also in awake animals. The light-driven H+ pump ArchT was expressed in astrocytes of mouse cortex by injection of adenoviral vectors containing a strong and astrocyte-specific promoter. Illumination with amber light acidified the surrounding interstitium and led to activation of endogenous ASIC1a channels and firing of action potentials in neurons localized in close proximity to ArchT-expressing astrocytes. We conclude that this optogenetic method offers a minimally invasive approach that enables examining the biological consequences of ASIC1a currents in any structure of the CNS and in the modulation of animal behaviors.
MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A BLACK CHROME SOLAR SELECTIVE ABSORBER

AbstractThe microstructure and reflective properties of "CHROM- ONYX" type of black chrome /metalselective absorber was investigated to obtain a better understanding of their influenceupon the mechanism of wavelength selectivity. Hemispherical reflectance measurements wereperformed on seven samples. In this research, the best selectivity a/e ratio was found bythese measurements to be 0.7 micron of black chrome on nickel and 1.0 micron of black chromeon copper. Both scanning and transmission electron microscopy were employed to study micro-structure and chemical composition. As a result of the combined studies, some consequencesof black chrome thickness and the metallic substrate were determined. It was determinedthat black chrome consisted of a very fine metallic distribution of particles of chromiumin the 100A range, suspended within a matrix of a chromium oxide phase. This assembly was,in turn, agglomerated into larger particles within the 0.05 -0.3 micron size range. Theselarger particles formed a continuous network which constituted the surface coating.IntroductionThere are a number of candidates for solar collector absorber coatings, which can be usedfor heating of water, air and other fluids. The two major classifications of these variouscoatings, are the selective and non - selective types. Specifically, selective coatings aremore efficient and offer higher heat gains and operating temperatures than do non - selectivecoatings. Wavelength selectivity is produced by a substance that exhibits optical proper-ties which vary markedly from one spectral region to another. A solar selective surfaceeffectively captures solar energy in the high intensity visible and the near infraredspectral regions while exhibiting poor infrared radiating properties. In this way, a selec-tive surface will collect and retain a high amount of energy from the sun while a non-selective surface will lose much of its absorbed energy by infrared reradiation. For opti-mum efficiency the solar absorber should possess the maximum possible absorptance in thesolar spectrum while maintaining the minimum infrared emittance. In many cases high absorp-tance is obtained by a particular surface coating and low emittance is brought about by useof an underlying highly reflective metal layer. Although selective coatings have superioroptical properties and exhibit a high relative efficiency compared to other coatings, fewshow promise of being economical. One coating showing promise is called black chrome.
Short and long-term reliability assessment of wind farms

Wind energy has been considered to be one of the main participants in supplying global energy needs. Meanwhile reliability and availability are critical issues to be studied with high wind penetration. While previous studies have focused on steady state behavior of wind turbines, this paper presents a Markovian method to study time-based reliability of wind farms. This method considers wind speed, failure and repair rates of wind turbines as well as load demands for short-term and long-term reliability calculation and comparison. Effect of change in initial number of working wind turbines and repair crew will also be investigated.
Synthesis of chicken liver pyruvate holocarboxylase in vivo and in vitro

Abstract 1. 1. Administration of biotin-deficient chickens resulted in 5-fold increase in hepatic pyruvate carboxylase activity within 4 h indicating that the deficient livers contained the apoprotein which was activated in the presence of biotin to form the haloenzyme. 2. 2. The formation of the holoenzyme from the apoprotein and biotin was demonstrated using enzyme preparations from biotin-deficient chicken livers. 3. 3. The synthesis of pyruvate holocarboxylase did not show a specific requierment for ATP. Other nucleoside triphosphates were also effective in the synthesis of the holoenzyme. 4. 4. Acetyl-CoA and aspartate appear to play no role in the formation of chicken liver pyruvate holocarboxylase from its apoprotein and biotin. 5. 5. NH4+ stimulated the synthesis of pyruvate holocarboxylase.
Dimensional Learning Across Sensory Modalities in Nursery School Children.

Abstract The cross-modal paradigm was used to determine whether dimensional shifting represents mediated learning or a more limited form of discrimination learning bound to the specific sensory modality of training. Using the dimensions of form and texture, S s in the 4-yr range were found to achieve cross-modal dimensional learning (tactual to visual) as readily as ipsi-modal dimensional learning (visual to visual). Since no relevant verbal labels could be elicited, the findings suggest that at least some forms of dimensional learning in young children represent nonverbally mediated learning. Two possible mechanisms for this transfer were proposed: one involved the use of imagery to mediate the specific dimension; the other referred to a more efficient analysis of complex sensory input which would be independent of the specific dimensions and serve to mediate many multidimensional shift problems.
RNAi screening to identify postembryonic phenotypes in C. elegans.

C. elegans has proven to be a valuable model system for the discovery and functional characterization of many genes and gene pathways1. More sophisticated tools and resources for studies in this system are facilitating continued discovery of genes with more subtle phenotypes or roles. Here we present a generalized protocol we adapted for identifying C. elegans genes with postembryonic phenotypes of interest using RNAi2. This procedure is easily modified to assay the phenotype of choice, whether by light or fluorescence optics on a dissecting or compound microscope. This screening protocol capitalizes on the physical assets of the organism and molecular tools the C. elegans research community has produced. As an example, we demonstrate the use of an integrated transgene that expresses a fluorescent product in an RNAi screen to identify genes required for the normal localization of this product in late stage larvae and adults. First, we used a commercially available genomic RNAi library with full-length cDNA inserts. This library facilitates the rapid identification of multiple candidates by RNAi reduction of the candidate gene product. Second, we generated an integrated transgene that expresses our fluorecently tagged protein of interest in an RNAi-sensitive background. Third, by exposing hatched animals to RNAi, this screen permits identification of gene products that have a vital embryonic role that would otherwise mask a post-embryonic role in regulating the protein of interest. Lastly, this screen uses a compound microscope equipped for single cell resolution.
Integrative complexity of information environment perception and information use. An empirical investigation

Abstract This study investigates the relationship between integrative complexity of managers' perception of their information environment and the volume, breadth, and balance of their use of information sources. Thirty portfolio managers participated in the study which sampled information processing behavior in their ongoing and actual investment decision making. Integrative complexity scores were obtained using a measure based on hierarchical cluster analysis of the output from a version of Kelly's ( The psychology of personal constructs , New York: Norton, 1955 ) Role Construct Repertory Interview. The results suggest that the volume and breadth of information source use in the problem-finding phase of the decision-making process are positively related to the integrative complexity of information environment perception. At a methodological level, the study underlines the importance of detailed task analysis and task modeling in research on individual differences.
Infra-red Investigation of the Migration of Lithium Ions into Empty Octahedral Sites in Muscovite and Montmorillonite

IN work on the reaction of molten salts with layer-lattice silicates, it was found that molten lithium nitrate removed a large portion of the potassium from muscovite (< 5µ) and lithium was fixed in a not readily exchangeable manner1. It was suggested that lithium ions migrated into the vacant octahedral positions of the dioctahedral micas in a manner similar to that postulated previously by Hofmann and Klemen2 and Greene-Kelly3 for lithium-saturated montmorillonite on heat treatment. X-ray diffraction measurements of the 060 spacing of muscovite treated with lithium showed no significant increase, whereas an increase might be expected in conversion of a dioctahedral composition to a trioctahedral composition. Attempts to apply the infra-red technique of Serratosa and Bradley4 for determination of the orientation of OH-bond axes to indicate formation of a trioctahedral composition were also unsuccessful.
Sex attractants for Geometrid and Noctuid moths : Field trapping and electroantennographic responses to triene hydrocarbons and monoepoxydiene derivatives.

Male moths belonging to 17 species of Geometridae and nine species of Noctuidae were captured in traps baited with synthetic chemicals as part of a field screening program. The compounds tested were the C18-C22 homologs of: (1) (3Z,6Z,9Z)-triene hydrocarbons; (2) mixtures containing equal quantities of (3Z,6Z)-cis-9,10-expoxydienes, (3Z,92Z)-cis-6,7-epoxydienes, and (6Z,9Z)-cis-3,4-epoxydienes; (3) (3Z,6Z)-9S,10R-epoxydienes; (4) (3Z,6Z)-9R,10S-epoxydienes; and (5) (3Z,6Z,9Z,11E)-nonadecatetraene. Field captures and electroantennographic assays revealed a high degree of specificity in the responses of many species to the synthetic chemicals. In several species the ability of males to discriminate between the 9S,10R and 9R,10S enantiomers of the monoepoxydiene isomers was clearly shown. Synergists and inhibitors were discovered for several of the reported attractants, some of which were not previously known to have semiochemical activity. The geometrid moths captured includedEpirrhoe sperryi (Herbulot),Mesoleuca ruficillata (Guenee),Triphosa haesitata (Guenee),Metanema inatomaria (Guenee),Prochoerodes transversata (Drury),Cabera erythemaria (Guenee),Synaxis jubararia (Hulst),Dysstroma brunneata ethela (Hulst),Eulithes testata (Linnaeus),Sicya macularia (Harris),Xanthorhoe iduata (Guenee),X. abrasaria aquilonaria (Herrich-Schaffer),X. munitata (Hubner),Itame loricaria (Eversmann),Eupithecia annulata (Hulst),E. rovocastaliata (Packard) andE. satyrata dodata (Taylor). The noctuid moths captured includedBleptina caradrinalis (Guenee),Idia americalis (Guenee),I. aemula (Hubner),Rivula propinqualis (Guenee),Lomanaltes eductalis (Walker),Spargaloma sexpunctata (Grote),Caenurgina distincta (Neumuller),Euclidia cuspidea (Hubner), andZale duplicata (Bethune). Six of the nine noctuid species captured belong to three subfamilies for which sex attractants had not been reported previously. Details for the stereospecific synthesis of (3Z,6Z)-cis-9,10-epoxydienes are also reported.