cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bayesian methods for characterizing unknown parameters of material models

Abstract A Bayesian framework is developed for characterizing the unknown parameters of probabilistic models for material properties. In this framework, the unknown parameters are viewed as random and described by their posterior distributions obtained from prior information and measurements of quantities of interest that are observable and depend on the unknown parameters. The proposed Bayesian method is applied to characterize an unknown spatial correlation of the conductivity field in the definition of a stochastic transport equation and to solve this equation by Monte Carlo simulation and stochastic reduced order models (SROMs). The Bayesian method is also employed to characterize unknown parameters of material properties for laser welds from measurements of peak forces sustained by these welds.
Religious Orthodoxy in Northern Ireland: The Validation of Identities

Based on Identity Salience Theory (Stryker, 1980, 1987), and drawing from the work of Bruce (1986), Darby (1986), and Rose (1971), among others, we investigate the extent to which religious orthodoxy may be used as a basis for a "public" identity and a display of loyalty to a group, irrespective of major social differentiations. We test this condition using data from Northern Ireland. Using a random sample (N = 283) of adults, we find: (1) high levels of religious orthodoxy for both Protestants and Catholics, and (2) strong support for the salience proposition among Protestants but less support for Catholics. We offer speculation for these findings and briefly discuss implications for future research.
Virtual obesity collaborative with and without decision-support technology

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate school-based health center (SHBC) provider adherence to guidelines for identification and assessment of childhood obesity after participation in a virtual Health Disparities Learning Collaborative with and without HeartSmartKids™, decision-support technology with tailored patient education. Design and Setting A cluster randomized comparative effectiveness trial was conducted with 24 SBHCs from six states. Participants The sample consisted of 33 SBHC providers and review of medical charts at three time points. Chart data were collected at baseline ( n = 850), after training ( n = 691) and 6 months after training ( n = 612). Main Outcome Measures Charts from a random sample of youth 5–12 years making well-child visits were examined for the documentation of: BMI percentile, accurate weight diagnosis based upon BMI percentile, blood pressure percentile, and ordering appropriate laboratory assessment of obese youth ≥10 years old. Results Percentage of overweight/obese children in this study was 40.4–47.2%. For both the HeartSmartKids™ and non-HeartSmartKids™ groups, provider adherence significantly improved after training for BMI percentile and blood pressure percentile documentation, as well as correct diagnosis for overweight and obese. Implementation of the HeartSmartKids™ was variable at the technology sites and differences in identification and assessment were not found between groups. Conclusion The virtual collaborative approach to quality improvement resulted in improved adherence to guidelines for identification and assessment of overweight/obese children. The impact of the training with and without HeartSmartKids™ on patient outcomes needs to be evaluated. Coaching on implementation of technology needs to be included in future work.
Semiempirical Angular-Force Method for BCC Transition Metals

An angular-force method for bcc transition-metals is obtained by generating a functional form via a quantum-mechanical analysis, and subsequently fitting the parameters in this form to experimental and ab-initio theoretical inputs. The quantummechanical analysis uses a four-moment treatment of the electronic density of states (DOS) in a d-band tight-binding model. Calibration of the method gives excellent results for the bcc-fcc energy difference and the vacancy-formation energy in W. The method is used to treat relaxation and c(2×2) reconstruction on the W (100) surface. The relaxation energy is primarily due to two-body terms, while the reconstruction requires the angular terms. Agreement with ab-initio results is obtained for reasonable values of the parameters in the model. However, the energy difference between the reconstructed surface and the optimally relaxed surface is quite sensitive to the details of the implementation of the method.
Leveling the playing field of transportation fuels: Accounting for indirect emissions of natural gas

Abstract Natural gas transportation fuels are credited in prior studies with greenhouse gas emissions savings relative to petroleum-based fuels and relative to the total emissions of biofuels. These analyses, however, overlook a source of potentially large indirect emissions from natural gas transportation fuels, namely the emissions from incremental coal-fired generation caused by price-induced substitutions away from natural-gas-fired electricity generation. Because coal-fired generation emits substantially more greenhouse gases and criteria air pollutants than natural-gas-fired generation, this indirect coal-use change effect diminishes potential emissions savings from natural gas transportation fuels. Estimates from a parameterized multi-market model suggest the indirect coal-use change effect rivals in magnitude the indirect land-use change effect of biofuels and renders natural gas fuels as carbon intensive as petroleum fuels.
Hybrid Type On-Chip Magnetic Particle Separators for Accurate Positioning Magnetic Beads

The paper presents the development of a micromachined hybrid type magnetic particle separator, for accurate positioning of magnetic beads in two-dimensional array, using a magnetic interconnection technique between permalloy microstructures and external electromagnets. The developed magnetic particle separator generates relatively large magnetic force on magnetic particles (or beads) with a simple structure and low power consumption. The developed device has no heat problems because the electromagnets are isolated from the sites where magnetic particle separation takes place. In addition accurate positioning of magnetic particles in 2-dimesional array patterns can be achieved.
Surface Water Flow and Soil Erosion Modeling

The topography of the Earth’s surface controls the flow of water and mass over the landscape. Modifications to the surface geometry of the land redirect water and mass flows influencing ecosystems, crop growth, the built environment, and many other phenomena dependent on water and soil. We used Tangible Landscape to explore the relationship between overland flow patterns and landscape topography by manually changing the landscape model while getting near real-time feedback about changing flow patterns. We coupled Tangible Landscape with a sophisticated dam break model to investigate flood scenarios after a dam breach.
Ten Steps to Making External Levator Ptosis Surgery More Predictable

External levator ptosis surgery has a degree of inherent unpredictability. The outcome is a dance with three partners: the patient, the surgeon, and the steps in the process of the procedure itself. It is best thought of as a complex procedure, and not one that is merely complicated. While surgical experience helps in improving outcome, variables outside of the control of the surgeon will always be present. The key is to recognize those variables and influence them as much as possible. Complete control of these variables is impossible, and the attempt is even counterproductive. The ten steps outlined in this chapter have proven to be the most effective for me. They are a starting point, not the end.
The NEDD8 Activating Enzyme Inhibitor Pevonedistat Induces ER Stress/UPR-Mediated Cell Death and Rebalances Homeostasis of Pro- and Anti-Apoptotic Proteins in Favor of Cell Death in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells

Abstract Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Most adults will die from the disease. Hence, current therapy in ALL is inadequate. We previously showed that ALL cells were differentially sensitive to agents inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (Mol Cancer Res 2012; 10:969-978; PLoS One 2013; 8:e74420). In this regard, we investigated the anti-leukemic activity of the NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor pevonedistat (MLN4924). Pevonedistat prevents neddylation of cullin-RING E3 ligases, leading to accumulation of cullin dependent substrates with anti-proliferative effects. We demonstrated that pevonedistat induced dose-dependent cell growth inhibition (IC50 between 159-300 nM) and cell death (EC50 between 317-463 nM) in both T- and B-ALL cells (cell lines and primary patient material). We found that neddylated cullin levels were significantly decreased confirming inhibition of the NEDD8 conjugation pathway by pevonedistat. Pevonedistat induced ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) mediated cell death in ALL cell lines and primary cells as evidenced by increased expression of UPR markers (GRP78 and CHOP), and cleaved-PARP. Mechanistically, pevonedistat caused proteotoxic/ER stress from failure to halt protein translation mediated by p-eIF2α (Ser51) de-phosphorylation via up-regulation of the PERK inhibitor p58IPK. We also observed up-regulation of mTOR/p70S6K, further increasing protein synthesis and augmenting proteotoxic/ER stress. Indeed, we demonstrated that pevonedistat induced nascent protein synthesis, and that co-treatment with protein synthesis inhibitors (rapamycin, cycloheximide) rescued ALL cells from pevonedistat induced cytotoxicity (p Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Stabilization, Assembly, and Toxicity of Trimers Derived from Aβ

Oligomers of the β-amyloid peptide Aβ have emerged as important contributors to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease. Mounting evidence suggests that Aβ trimers and higher-order oligomers derived from trimers have special significance in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Elucidating the structures of these trimers and higher-order oligomers is paramount for understanding their role in neurodegeneration. This paper describes the design, synthesis, X-ray crystallographic structures, and biophysical and biological properties of two stabilized trimers derived from the central and C-terminal regions of Aβ. These triangular trimers are stabilized through three disulfide cross-links between the monomer subunits. The X-ray crystallographic structures reveal that the stabilized trimers assemble hierarchically to form hexamers, dodecamers, and annular porelike structures. Solution-phase biophysical studies reveal that the stabilized trimers assemble in solution to form oligomers that recapitulate some of...
Singular value conditions for stability of dynamic switched systems

Abstract In this paper, the stability of a certain class of time-varying systems evolving over nonuniformly spaced discrete domains is analyzed. Switched systems, used here in the context of dynamic equations over time scale domains, arise naturally in applications when a continuous time system is discretized via a sample-and-hold method with multiple sample rates. The stability of switched systems is typically deduced by appealing to certain interrelated properties of the subsystems (such as pairwise commutativity [24] , simultaneous diagonalization [7] , simultaneous triangularizability [8] , or other Lie algebraic conditions [1] ) which imply the existence of a common quadratic Lyapunov function. A novel approach is used here to determine the existence of quadratic Lyapunov functions which does not rely on how the subsystems interact with each other. This new method instead examines the role they each play in the aggregate system by way of singular value conditions. Results implying switched system stability and instability are developed under the two primary methods of examining such systems: how the system behaves during arbitrary switching and how it behaves under the influence of a particular switching signal. Several examples illuminating the results are provided throughout the text, as well as important insight discussing certain bounds on these results as they apply to stability theory in general.
A proton therapy model using discrete difference equations with an example of treating hepatocellular carcinoma

Proton therapy is a type of radiation therapy used to treat cancer. It provides more localized particle exposure than other types of radiotherapy (e.g., x-ray and electron) thus reducing damage to tissue surrounding a tumor and reducing unwanted side effects. We have developed a novel discrete difference equation model of the spatial and temporal dynamics of cancer and healthy cells before, during, and after the application of a proton therapy treatment course. Specifically, the model simulates the growth and diffusion of the cancer and healthy cells in and surrounding a tumor over one spatial dimension (tissue depth) and the treatment of the tumor with discrete bursts of proton radiation. We demonstrate how to use data from in vitro and clinical studies to parameterize the model. Specifically, we use data from studies of Hepatocellular carcinoma, a common form of liver cancer. Using the parameterized model we compare the ability of different clinically used treatment courses to control the tumor. Our results show that treatment courses which use conformal proton therapy (targeting the tumor from multiple angles) provides better control of the tumor while using lower treatment doses than a non-conformal treatment course, and thus should be recommend for use when feasible.
Code-Switching and Its Role in Language Socialization.

From Schieffelin’s (1994) perspective on code-switching and language socialization, this study investigates how a Chinese child’s code-switching between English and Chinese may have assisted his bilingual socialization in the United States, by focusing on the child’s code-switching in diverse Chinese settings and with different interlocutors across nearly one year.
Specific Surgical Topics: A Multidisciplinary Management of Paratesticular Sarcomas in Adults

Primary paratesticular sarcomas are rare, affecting primarily older men between the ages of 50 and 80 years. They are the most common tumors of the paratesticular region and usually present insidiously as an asymptomatic slow-growing mass. Because of the rarity of these tumors, there is no common consensus regarding the best management, especially in the adjuvant setting. In adults, 75–80% arise from the spermatic cord and the remainder from the epididymis, tunic, or testicular appendages. Among the malignant tumors, the most common histotype is liposarcoma (46.4%), followed by leiomyosarcoma (20%), malignant fibrous histiocytomas (13%), and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (9%). Of these, rhabdomyosarcoma, rare after the age of 40, is the most common malignant mesenchymal tumor in children and is considered the most aggressive sarcoma. It has an increased ability to spread via the lymphatic or hematogenous route. The main dissemination pattern of adult paratesticular sarcomas is by local invasion through the contiguous inguinal canal and less commonly via hematogenous or lymphatic channels. Surgery represents the first and the most effective therapeutic approach to most paratesticular sarcomas, and overall, the prognosis after diagnosis has been related to grading, size, depth of invasion, and surgical margin status.
Individual differences in childhood religious experiences with peers

Abstract Childhood religious experiences with peers are important in the development of religiosity. However, peers' influence on these experiences has not been properly operationalized and measured. We addressed this limitation by developing the Childhood Religious Experiences with a Peer Inventory (CREPI). In Study 1 (n = 254), an act nomination procedure generated 106 items describing childhood religious experiences with a same-sex peer. These experiences were specific things that the peer said to, did to, or did with a participant during their childhood. In Study 2 (n = 458), participants indicated how frequently each item occurred in their childhood. Factor analysis yielded 27 items organized into three factors: Peer Proselytization, Shared Activities, and Peer Dialogue. The CREPI allows researchers to quantify peer influence on childhood religious experiences, enabling future investigation of whether and how these influences predict adult religiosity.
Associations between mental distress and physical activity in US adults: a dose-response analysis BRFSS 2011.

Background To examine the associations between levels of severity of mental distress (MD) and meeting the 2008 physical activity (PA) recommendations using the MD Severity Index (MDSI). Methods Participants (n = 431 313) were adults (≥18 years of age) who responded to the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). MD was categorized into five levels of severity: 0-4, 5-10, 11-16, 17-22 and ≥23 days/month. The dependent variable was self-reported PA volume of at least 150 min/wk (or vigorous equivalent, 75 min/wk). Results Following adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education and body mass index, the odds of reporting meeting the PA recommendations were significantly lower among those reporting the following days per month of MD: 5-10 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87-0.96), 11-16 (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.71-0.82), 17-22 (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.62-0.76) and ≥23 (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.60-0.67). An inverse dose-response (P < 0.01) was observed between the severity of MD and meeting the current PA recommendations. Conclusions An inverse dose-response relationship was found between the severity of MD and volumes of PA meeting the 2008 recommendation. These findings lend support for the epidemiological utility of the MDSI when examining the relationship between MD and PA.
An Approach for Quantifying the Multidimensional Nature of Disaster Resilience in the Context of Municipal Service Provision

This research effort introduces the idea of capturing the varying impacts of a disaster on an urban area by analyzing the nature of the public's changing requests for municipal services. By examining the relative number and timing of such requests, across a variety of different services, we can get an indication of how resilient the infrastructures are that are supported by those services, as well as how resilient the population is that relies upon them. In particular, we adopt a method for calculating resilience that characterizes both the observed impacts of a disaster and the time needed to recover from it by using such service request data. In order to explore the potential for characterizing multiple dimensions of urban disaster resilience in this way, we specifically leverage an empirical data set of non-emergency 311 service calls made in New York City between 2010 and 2012. This allows us to compare the relative performance of several types of service requests with respect to a set of different disaster events that impacted the New York metropolitan area during that time period and thus to characterize the different ways in which resilience was exhibited in response to those events.
Student Motivation from and Resistance to Active Learning Rooted in Essential Science Practices

Several studies have found active learning to enhance students’ motivation and attitudes. Yet, faculty indicate that students resist active learning and censure them on evaluations after incorporating active learning into their instruction, resulting in an apparent paradox. We argue that the disparity in findings across previous studies is the result of variation in the active learning instruction that was implemented. The purpose of this study was to illuminate sources of motivation from and resistance to active learning that resulted from a novel, exemplary active-learning approach rooted in essential science practices and supported by science education literature. This approach was enacted over the course of 4 weeks in eight sections of an introductory undergraduate biology laboratory course. A plant concept inventory, administered to students as a pre-, post-, and delayed-posttest indicated significant proximal and distal learning gains. Qualitative analysis of open-response questionnaires and interviews elucidated sources of motivation and resistance that resulted from this active-learning approach. Several participants indicated this approach enhanced interest, creativity, and motivation to prepare, and resulted in a challenging learning environment that facilitated the sharing of diverse perspectives and the development of a community of learners. Sources of resistance to active learning included participants’ unfamiliarity with essential science practices, having to struggle with uncertainty in the absence of authoritative information, and the extra effort required to actively construct knowledge as compared to learning via traditional, teacher-centered instruction. Implications for implementation, including tips for reducing student resistance to active learning, are discussed.
Radiosynthesis and initial in vivo evaluation of 2-[18F]FBTTP, a radiotracer targeting CX3CR1

356 Objectives Many neuropsychiatric diseases possess a neuroinflammatory component1. Within the central nervous system, the fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) is a microglia-specific target and could serve as a new biomarker for imaging neuroinflammation. It is located on the cell surface thereby making it accessible to administered targeting radiotracers. Recently, (R)-2-((2-amino-5-((2-fluorobenzyl)thio)thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)amino)-4-methylpentan-1-ol (2-FBTTP) was one among a library of CX3CR1 selective antagonists reported2. 2-FBTTP has a Ki of 23 nM and an 18 fold selectivity over CXCR2. Here we report the radiosynthesis and initial in-vivo evaluation of 2-[18F]FBTTP. Methods (R)-2-((2-amino-5-mercaptothiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)amino)-4-methylpentan-1-ol was synthesized as previously reported2 and alkylated with 2-[18F]fluoro-benzylbromide to produce 2-[18F]FBTTP. 2-[18F]fluoro-benzylbromide was prepared by a one-pot microwave radiofluorination of 2-formyl-N,N,N-trimethylbenzenanilinium triflate followed by sodium borohydride reduction, and bromination with 48% HBr using a procedure analogous to that reported for the preparation of 4-[18F]fluoro-benzylbromide3,4. 2-[18F]FBTTP (350µCi) was injected via the tail vein of healthy mice and imaged using small animal PET. Images were collected at 10, 30, 60, and 120 min post-injection. Results 2-[18F]FBTTP was prepared in a decay corrected yield of 10.2% in a specific activity of 1500 Ci/mmol (55,500 GBq/mmol) in a total syntheis time of 110 min. Substantial radiotracer uptake in the brain was seen in the 60 min image. Conclusions 2-[18F]FBTTP was successfully prepared and initial imaging in healthy mice demonstrated the ability to cross the blood-brain-barrier. Detailed brain biodistribution and investigation in a variety of experimental models of neuroinflammation are currently underway.
Oxidopyrylium [5+2] Cycloaddition Chemistry: Historical Perspective and Recent Advances (2008-2018).

Abstract The following review article provides an overview of oxidopyrylium [5+2] cycloaddition chemistry, with a particular emphasis placed on seminal historical developments and advancements made over the last decade. It is our hope this review serves as a valuable resource to those interested in the oxidopyrylium cycloaddition chemistry, and helps inspire future advancements.
Ethnic Reality: The Life Model and Work with Black Families:

The life model for social work practice lacks specificity in its examples of practice with black families. Case illustrations demonstrate how combining the principles of the model with ethnic sensi...
Relations and Possible Significance of Taste Bud Cells

Publisher Summary This chapter describes three experiments through which the functional significance of taste buds is described. The first experiment detailed the degeneration and regeneration of taste buds of the foliate region following the section of the IXth nerve. In the second experiment, cells of the foliate epithelium were labeled with thymidine- 3 H to follow the movement of the cells into the buds. Finally, in the third experiment, a number of taste buds of the foliate area were sectioned at right angles to their long axis in the semi-serial section to follow more precisely the number and pattern of distribution of the nerves and their relation to cell types. The chapter discusses the differences between foliate buds and fungiform buds. The most distinctive difference between the foliate buds and fungiform buds is that they are supplied by different nerves.
Nuclear Steam Generator Chemical Cleaning Experience

Chemically cleaning nuclear steam generators has become a commercially viable alternative to replacing these components or decommissioning an entire plant. A concern when considering chemical cleaning or any kind of chemical treatment is the allowable corrosion for treated components. The goals of a chemical cleaning are two-fold: removing deposit and keeping corrosion at a minimum throughout the application. Each of these chemical cleanings are unique in nature with regard to reasons and objectives for cleaning, corrosion allowances, deposit characteristics, and system designs. Variations in process applications and corrosion monitoring strategies allowed for successful chemical cleanings. The various process scenarios included modified low temperature iron and copper dissolution steps, commercially and proprietary passivation steps, crevice cleaning steps ,elevated iron dissolution steps, and a proprietary high temperature chemical cleaning process.
Join-3 Votes and Supreme Court Agenda Setting

Since the early twentieth century, the Rule of Four has required the assent of at least four justices for a certiorari petition to receive full review by the Supreme Court. This rule changed during the 1970s, when justices began to cast "Join-3" votes. Despite the significance of these votes, scholars have simply treated them as votes to Grant review. We analyze the conditions under which justices cast Join-3 votes and determine whether it is appropriate to treat them as Grant votes. Our results show that collegiality and uncertainty drive the decision to cast Join-3 votes and that it is inappropriate to pool Join-3 and Grant votes together. We discuss alternative coding practices for agenda-setting scholars.
Iliac bone biopsy complicated by hematoma: Hemostasis achieved with glue injection

Serious hemorrhage after a bone biopsy is a rare complication of the procedure. Due to the infrequency of this complication, there is limited literature available regarding the treatment. Here, we present a case of a 70-year-old male who developed a symptomatic gluteal hematoma after an iliac bone lesion biopsy. Hemostasis was achieved by injecting an N-butyl cyanoacrylate glue solution into the bone cannulation site under CT-guidance.
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA): a target in neuropathic pain.

Introduction: Current treatments for neuropathic pain are limited in part due to the incomplete understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Recent evidence reveals the dysregulated expression of lo...
When disasters strike environmental science: a case–control study of changes in scientific collaboration networks

Studies of scientific collaboration networks reveal the social structure of scientific disciplines. Most of these studies assume scientists work under conditions of institutional stability. What happens to science when disaster strikes and research practice is disrupted? This study examines structural changes in a scientific collaboration network after serial exposure to major disasters. We analyze the collaboration network of wetlands scientists publishing research related to the marshes of the Louisiana Gulf Coast between 1996 and 2015, along with a control network from a wetlands setting in a different geographic area that did not experience any disasters over the same time span. Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (2005) and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (2010) offer the opportunity to compare the Gulf wetlands collaboration network before and after the disasters. Results indicate changes in size, research activity, and connectivity in periods following the major hurricanes and oil spill.
FAHN, Stanley: New York/USA

Stanley Fahn, M.D. is the H. Houston Merritt Professor of Neurology and Director Emeritus of the Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Other Movement Disorders at Columbia University Medical Center in New York. His major research interest is in experimental therapeutics, and he has participated in many clinical trials, especially in Parkinson disease (PD). In 1985, he co-founded (with Dr. David Marsden). The Movement Disorder Society and was elected its first president. He was the founding co-editor of the journal Movement Disorders for 10 years. He developed the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and co-developed the Tremor Rating Scale and the Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale. In 1986, he co-founded (with Dr. Ira Shoulson) the Parkinson Study Group (PSG), a consortium of clinical investigators dedicated to conducting controlled clinical trials on the prevention and treatment of PD. In 2005, Dr. Fahn founded the World Parkinson Coalition and became chief organizer of the first three World Parkinson Congresses in which patients, health workers and scientists review and discuss the latest issues on PD.
Evaluating the optimal serum ferritin level to identify hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in the critical care setting

Ferritin is known to be involved in numerous physiological roles, such as iron storage, as well as various pathological conditions and in generalized inflammatory states. Hyperferritinemia is also encountered in the setting of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Current diagnostic criteria exist to define HLH based on several clinical and biochemical markers, including the serum ferritin level. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the value of ferritin >500 ng/mL in diagnosing HLH in 344 consecutive patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit at our hospital. Nine cases of HLH were identified. Comparison of the HLH with the non-HLH group showed that their maximum median serum ferritin level was 25,652 (range 1977–100,727 ng/mL) versus 1180 (503–85,168 ng/mL) (P < 0.001), platelets were 30 (5–92 × 103/μL) versus 113 (0–507 × 103/μL) (P < 0.001), absolute neutrophil counts were 2.56 (0.02–23.7 × 103/μL) versus 7.7 (0.01–82.7 × 103/μL) (P = 0.002), and triglycerides were 255 (156–394 mg/dL) versus 127 (17–624 mg/dL) (P = 0.002), respectively. Using a receiver operating characteristic curve, the optimal maximum serum ferritin level for the diagnosis of HLH was 3951 ng/mL, exceeding the current diagnostic cutoff set forth in the HLH-2004 guidelines. These data suggest that a higher cutoff value of ferritin level may have improved utility in the diagnosis of secondary HLH in the critical care setting.
Self-Control and Touch: When Does Direct Versus Indirect Touch Increase Hedonic Evaluations and Consumption of Food

Abstract Could directly touching food with hands make it tastier and more desirable? The present paper presents four studies that explore how sampling and eating food by touching it directly with hands affects hedonic evaluations and consumption volume. The studies demonstrate that for consumers who apply self-control in their food consumption (high self-control consumers) touching food directly with hands enhances the sensory experience and increases hedonic evaluations of the food. Importantly, direct touch increases the consumption volume for high self-control consumers. These findings contribute to understanding of how touch as a proximal sensory factor affects food evaluation and consumption, and thus offer retailing implications in the context of in-store food sampling, food catering, presentation and consumption of food in restaurants.
New therapeutic option for irritable bowel syndrome: Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin

Oral prescription medical foods have long been used in hospital settings but are also appropriate therapies for gastrointestinal disorders in outpatient medical practice. Oral serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) has been shown in clinical studies to reduce loose stools and improve stool consistency as well as other symptoms (i.e., abdominal pain, bloating, and urgency) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) and human immunodeficiency virus-associated enteropathy. This case series reports the outcomes of 14 IBS patients who received SBI as an addition to standard of care at an individual physician's clinical practice. The patients: 2 IBS with constipation (IBS-C), 7 IBS-D, 2 mixed diarrhea and constipation IBS (IBS-M) and 3 undefined IBS (IBS-U; also described by some physicians as IBS-Bloating), ranged in age from 22-87 years. SBI (5 g or 10 g daily dose) was added to the patient's current standard care and followed for several weeks to determine if symptoms were improved with the addition of SBI. Overall, 12 of the 14 patients indicated some level of improvement through direct questioning of the patients regarding changes from the prior visit. One IBS-Bloating patient had a resolution of symptoms and two patients (1 IBS-Bloating and 1 IBS-C) discontinued therapy because of insufficient relief. The 12 patients who continued on therapy reported an overall improvement in symptoms with better stool consistency, decreased frequency as well as reductions in abdominal pain, bloating, distention, and incontinence. In most cases, therapeutic effects of SBI were seen within the first four weeks of therapy with continued improvements at subsequent visits. SBI has a multifaceted mechanism of action and may help to manage IBS by providing a distinct protein source required to normalize bowel function, gastrointestinal microbiota, and nutritionally enhance tight junction protein expression between intestinal epithelial cells. SBI as a medical food provides a safe option for patients with IBS-D but may have application in other forms of IBS.
Investing in Neighborhoods: The Mitigating Role of Home Mortgage Loans on Intimate Partner Violence

Prior research examining how macro-level factors contribute to aggregate rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) across neighborhoods has focused almost exclusively on economic disadvantage or residential instability. Fewer studies have assessed what structural factors might ameliorate rates of domestic violence, such as economic investment. Housing investment improves communities by increasing the number of homeowners, who tend to be more committed to the neighborhood and more likely to develop strong social ties with other residents. The benefits of strong socially connected communities should extend to IPV victims, as studies have shown that female IPV victims tend to be less connected with their social environment and live in less supportive communities. This study examines the influence of external economic investment through home mortgage loans on the number of IPV incidents in a neighborhood and whether an influx of investment mitigates the negative effects of structural conditions on IPV. We examine these issues using panel data on home loan investment among neighborhoods in Cleveland, Ohio, between 1995 and 2010 to predict female and male domestic assault victimization rates. We find that the number of home purchase loans in a neighborhood has no appreciable impact on the level of IPV incidents, but as the average dollar amount of investment increases, the number of IPV incidents significantly decreases. This relationship is moderated by the neighborhood level of disadvantage: in highly disadvantaged neighborhoods, even low average dollar amounts contribute to a reduction in the number of female victims of domestic assault, but the same relationship is not apparent for male victims or in low disadvantaged neighborhoods. Our findings suggest that investment is important for disrupting the relationship between neighborhood structure and IPV, and implementing place-based strategies to encourage homeownership, particularly in disadvantaged neighborhoods, will be especially impactful.
Chapter 9 – Mechanical Adaptation

Mechanical loading is a potent regulator of skeletal size, shape, internal architecture, and composition. The mechanisms by which bone senses and responds to mechanical stimulation are complex and occur at a number of hierarchical levels. However, some fundamental rules and biochemical mechanisms have been established, based on engineering, organ physiology, and cell and molecular biology, that explain and account for the process of bone adaptation to the mechanical environment. These rules include properties of the mechanical stimulation itself (e.g. waveform attributes), temporal aspects of loading, and “windows” of stimulation that have specific effects on the tissue. The cells that sense mechanical inputs to the bone are probably the osteocytes, which have a number of specialized mechanisms, both morphological and biochemical, to convey mechanical information to the effector cells, i.e. those that change bone mass, size, and shape. Our discoveries have important clinic implications, as numerous studies in humans have verified many of the tenets derived by more experimental means. These tenets can be used to design proper exercise conditions to maximize bone health.
Agent-Oriented Methodologies Evaluation Frameworks: A Review

Multi-agent systems and agent-oriented methodologies support analysis, characterization and development of complex software systems. These methodologies introduce different definitions for the esse...
Nursing surveillance and immediate jeopardy in Veteran Health Administration community living centers unannounced survey program 2018 to 2019

Abstract Background The VA Community Living Center (CLC) Unannounced Survey Program aims to assess standards of care set by the government to protect residents. Purpose To describe patterns of practice failures in nursing surveillance causing or having potential to cause immediate jeopardy, as defined by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Methods Using CLC survey data consisting of 200 statements of deficiency (SODs) for 2018 to 2019, we collected a SOD sample (n = 20) of immediate jeopardy events. They were described using descriptive statistics and discourse content analysis. Findings We identified clinical events, their duration, work shift, and nursing skill mix for each SOD. Most to least common themes about failures in nursing surveillance were acquisition/transfer of information; decision-making; and early recognition of problems. Discussion Our analysis of nursing surveillance failures in CLC immediate jeopardy SODs provides insight into opportunities for registered nurses and the nursing skill mix to reduce avoidable harms.
Got milk? from growing strong bones to nurturing idealized subjectivities

Philosophers of education have written about the moral, ethical, racial, and gendered dimensions of the hidden curriculum of what we eat, who we eat with, and the significance afforded this moment ...
The Intrinsically Disordered Region in the Human STN1 OB-Fold Domain Is Important for Protecting Genome Stability

The mammalian CTC1-STN1-TEN1 (CST) complex is an ssDNA-binding protein complex that has emerged as an important player in protecting genome stability and preserving telomere integrity. Studies have shown that CST localizes at stalled replication forks and is critical for protecting the stability of nascent strand DNA. Recent cryo-EM analysis reveals that CST subunits possess multiple OB-fold domains that can form a decameric supercomplex. While considered to be RPA-like, CST acts distinctly from RPA to protect genome stability. Here, we report that while the OB domain of STN1 shares structural similarity with the OB domain of RPA32, the STN1-OB domain contains an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) that is important for maintaining genome stability under replication stress. Single mutations in multiple positions in this IDR, including cancer-associated mutations, cause genome instabilities that are elevated by replication stress and display reduced cellular viability and increased HU sensitivity. While IDR mutations do not impact CST complex formation or CST interaction with its binding partner RAD51, they diminish RAD51 foci formation when replication is perturbed. Interestingly, the IDR is critical for STN1-POLα interaction. Collectively, our results identify the STN1 IDR as an important element in regulating CST function in genome stability maintenance.
Predicting the spread of COVID-19 in Delhi, India using Deep Residual Recurrent Neural Networks

Detecting the spread of coronavirus will go a long way toward reducing human and economic loss. Unfortunately, existing Epidemiological models used for COVID 19 prediction models are too slow and fail to capture the COVID-19 development in detail. This research uses Partial Differential Equations to improve the processing speed and accuracy of forecasting of COVID 19 governed by SEIRD model equations. The dynamics of COVID 19 were extracted using Convolutional Neural Networks and Deep Residual Recurrent Neural Networks from data simulated using PDEs. The DRRNNs accuracy is measured using Mean Squared Error. The DRRNNs COVID-19 prediction model has been shown to have accurate COVID-19 predictions. In addition, we concluded that DR-RNNs can significantly advance the ability to support decision-making in real time COVID-19 prediction.
Organizing the College Program to Give Varied Swimming Experiences

(1963). Organizing the College Program to Give Varied Swimming Experiences. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 34, No. 5, pp. 29-31.
94 – Academic Surgical Mentoring

Surgical training has long been acknowledged as more an apprenticeship than a residency. From generation to generation, knowledge based on experience is passed down. Without this interaction and exchange, the intricacies and joys of medicine could not be transferred and, hence, experienced in their fullest. In sharing their experience and insight, mentors, in particular, have unique opportunities and responsibilities. Sociologists have examined factors by which medical students choose a specialty. Lifestyle, financial rewards, esteem, and parental/societal pressures have been subjected to multivariate analysis. Repeatedly, these obviously influential factors have been comfortably ignored in the decision-making process. Consistently, the most robust determinant of career selection is a mentor with whom the student identifies. Interestingly, the academic progeny need not be a clone of the mentor. Students are now conceptually fluent with the wonders of transgenic technology. Students imaginatively splice the “effect” of a socially responsible and rewarding surgical practice with the “affect” of an encouraging, engaging elementary school teacher. Mentors are mosaics. With the evident exception of the authors of this paper, mentors are rarely perfect—even Mary Poppins could not deal with an aortic dissection. Fortunately, a medical school faculty—and society in general—is an a la carte menu.
Giving Thanks: The Ethics of Grateful Patient Fundraising

Grateful patient fundraising, defined as the solicitation of philanthropic donations by health care providers from current and former patients, raises a number of legal and ethical issues. Elsewhere, I detailed the confidentiality issues raised by the use and disclosure of patient identifiable information by hospital development officers, major gifts officers, institutionally-related foundations, and commercial fundraisers, and proposed corrections to federal health information confidentiality regulations to better balance the competing aims of health care philanthropy and health information confidentiality.2 In this Article, I analyze several outstanding issues raised by physician involvement in grateful patient fundraising. That is, physicians who solicit philanthropic donations from their own patients risk conflicted health care decision making, health care resource allocation injustices, financial exploitation, and breach of privacy. To lessen these risks, this Article proposes new ethical guidelines governing physician involvement in grateful patient fundraising. This Article is also the first piece of legal scholarship to identify and reconcile two bioethical catch-22s associated with grateful patient fundraising.
Defining “Developing Country” in the Second Commitment Period of the Kyoto Protocol

In 2005, negotiations began among parties to the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change to lay the groundwork for what was to become the Second Commitment Period of the Kyoto Protocol. Prominent among the issues raised at this initial meeting in Montreal and those that followed, was that of whether rapidly industrializing developing countries would take on binding commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. As in the past, the G-77, the main representative body of developing countries, together with China, strongly opposed any kind of binding commitments. A closer look at the countries comprising the G-77 negotiating group reveals there are vast disparities in economic power and industrialization among them. This Note explores the wide gulf that has emerged between developing countries and suggests that developed countries may have to make difficult decisions about the structure of the Kyoto Protocol to secure commitments from industrializing countries.
Inhibition of CD1d-mediated antigen presentation by the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway (APP3P.113)

CD1d is a MHC class I-like molecule that presents lipid Ags to a subpopulation of innate lymphocytes called natural killer T cells. In a prior study, we showed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 is a negative regulator of Ag presentation by CD1d. It is unknown how p38 is activated to induce this regulation; however, several studies have implicated a role for the immunoregulatory cytokine, TGF-β, in the activation of p38. Therefore, we hypothesized that TGF-β negatively regulates the CD1d-mediated Ag presentation pathway. Indeed, a dose-dependent decrease in CD1d-mediated Ag presentation and impairment of lipid Ag processing was observed in TGF-β-treated antigen presenting cells. However, this inhibition was not through p38 activation. Instead, by employing a lentiviral shRNA-based approach, we found that the canonical TGF-β signaling elements, Smads 2, 3 and 4, contributed to the TGF-β-mediated inhibition of Ag presentation by CD1d. Furthermore, a side-by-side comparative analysis of the effect of TGF-β on CD1d and MHC class II-mediated Ag presentation revealed that in contrast to that observed with CD1d, TGF-β actually enhances MHC class II-mediated Ag presentation. Overall, these results suggest that the canonical TGF-β/Smad pathway has distinctly different effects on the regulation of CD1d- and MHC class II-mediated antigen presentation pathways.
The Effect of Partial Substitution of Ni by Co on the Magnetic and Electrical Properties of ${\rm Ni}_{50}{\rm Mn}_{35}{\rm In}_{15}$ Heusler Alloy

In this paper, we have explored the effects of the partial substitution of Ni for a small amount of Co in Ni50Mn35In15 on its structural, magnetic, and electrical properties by using room temperature X-ray diffraction, temperature- and field-dependent magnetization, M(T,H), and resistivity ?(T,H) measurements in magnetic fields up to 5 T, and in the temperature interval 5-400 K. A small amount of Co (~4%) doping in the Ni site decreases TM and increases TC. For Ni48Co2Mn35In15, a large MR was found to be about -53% at ?H = 1 T (at T = 275 K) and more than -70% at the same temperature for ?H = 5 T. The substitution of Co in the Ni position enhances the magnetization jump up to 77 emu/g across the martensitic transformation. Magnetization measurements revealed that the large magnetoresistance value could be due to a metamagnetic-like transition, where the system transforms from a state that contains antiferromagnetically coupled regions to a purely ferromagnetic state. The change in magnetic and electrical properties due to the doping of the Co atom in Ni-Mn-In-based Heusler alloys is discussed in this paper.