cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Successful autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in a patient with juvenile dermatomyositis

Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a chronic inflammatory disorder, which primarily affects muscle and skin. Patients usually present with progressive muscle weakness accompanied by an erythematous rash over the joints and across the face. Articular, cardiac, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal manifestations may occur resulting in severe morbidity. We report a 16 year old patient, who was diagnosed with JDM four years ago with severe muscle weakness and skin involvement. Despite therapy including methotrexate, steroids, immunoglobulins, cyclosporine A and rituximab a sustained remission could not be achieved. The patient developed progressive contractures due to persistent inflammatory reactions. Due to treatment-refractory disease immunoablation followed by an autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) was performed. The stem cells were mobilized by application of 2 g/m2 cyclophosphamide. After immunoablation using ATG (thymoglobuline®) 10 mg/kg, cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg and fludarabine 150 mg/m2, CD3/CD19-depleted CD34+stem cells (7.5 × 106/kg) including 2,9 × 104/kg T-cells were transferred. The haematological reconstitution with leucocytes >1000/ml and granulocytes >500/μl was achieved on day +7 and day +8, respectively. Substitution of erythrocytes or platelets was not necessary. No severe infections or organ toxicity (WHO) were observed. During the 9 months after this therapy a marked improvement of the patient was observed clinically and in the MRI. The Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale (CMAS) changed from 6 to 43, the Karnofsky index increased from 50% to 90% post ASCT. Taken together we could demonstrate for the first time that an ASCT is a therapeutic option with low toxicity for patients with severe, therapy-refractory JDM.
Restricted tissue tropism and acquired resistance to Sindbis viral vector expression in the absence of innate and adaptive immunity.

Our previous studies suggest that replication-defective Sindbis vectors might be promising agents for specific tumor targeting and detection. However, the effects of innate and/or adaptive anti-viral immunity, in particular, the IFN-I/STAT1 signaling pathway, may impact their therapeutic potential. Using a bioluminescent imaging system, we demonstrate that although most normal cells are not permissively transduced by replication-defective Sindbis vector, transduction of liver non-sinusoidal endothelial occurs the first time IFN-I/STAT1 signaling deficient mice are inoculated with the vector. Transduction of some cells is not surprising since STAT1 knockout animals show significant delay in IFN responses such as the production of IFN-α/β and transcriptional activation of several anti-viral genes (IRF7, RIG-I, PKR, TLR3, USP18, ISG15). However, beyond the initial vector transduction, which resolves rapidly, secondary inoculums of Sindbis vectors do not transduce any liver cells, suggesting that an alternative antiviral pathway may protect against further transduction. Other known signaling pathways were examined using mice lacking functional TLR3, tumor necrosis factorαR or nuclear factor-kappa B (p50). Surprisingly, none of those pathways seem to play a significant role in anti-Sindbis responses. Thus it appears that in vivo, in contrast to the ready transduction of tumor cells, transduction of normal cells by replication-defective Sindbis vector is limited, possibly by a novel mechanism.
Toward a computationally efficient optimal solution to the LQG discrete-time dual control problem

A computationally attractive optimal solution to the discrete-time linear-quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) dual control problem in the absence of plant noise is presented. Convex vector parametric uncertainties are allowed and no a priori information is assumed save that the uncertain vector is an element of a known compact subset of Rp. It is shown that game theoretic techniques are useful provided an incremental quadratic loss function is chosen. The suboptimal solution is easily implemented since it is an average of a finite number of LQG controllers weighted by easily generated likelihood ratios. Furthermore, the structure lends itself easily to approximate solutions to the time-varying parameter case. However, further research is required to simplify the current cumbersome design procedure.
Routine Nasogastric Decompression Is Unnecessary After Pancreatic Resections

Data regarding the use of nasogastric tubes (NGTs) in patients who are undergoing pancreatic resections are limited. We analyzed outcomes after 231 consecutive pancreatectomy procedures in an academic surgical oncology practice. We routinely placed NGTs intraoperatively throughout the first part of the study interval; orogastric tubes (OGTs) were removed intraoperatively before endotracheal extubation whenever possible in the second part of the study (n = 75 [32%]). The median postoperative NGT duration was 1 day (OGT group, 0 days; NGT group, 2 days [P < .001]). Reinsertion of the NGT was necessary in 43 patients (19%) and did not differ between patients after routine NGT or OGT use (19% vs 19%). Nasogastric tubes were reinserted after 74% of major complications compared with 29% of minor complications (P < .001). Our experience demonstrates that the use of NGTs can be safely avoided in patients who are undergoing pancreatectomies.
Rift Valley fever virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus). Isolations from Diptera collected during an inter-epizootic period in Kenya

A total of 134 876 Diptera collected in Kenya during a 3-year period were tested in 3383 pools for Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus. Nineteen pools of unengorged mosquitoes were found positive for RVF. All isolations were made from specimens collected at or near the naturally or artificially flooded grassland depressions that serve as the developmental sites for the immature stages of many mosquito species. The isolation of virus from adult male and female A. lineatopennis which had been reared from field-collected larvae and pupae suggests that transovarial transmission of the virus occurs in this species.
Recent Advances in Micro-Particle Image Velocimetry

Microfluidic devices are becoming increasingly common and are seen in applications ranging from biology to nanotechnology and manufacturing. Flow behavior in these small domains can often be counterintuitive because of the low Reynolds number or the relative importance of surface forces. Micro-particle image velocimetry (μPIV) is a quantitative method that can be used to characterize the performance of such microfluidic systems with spatial resolutions better than one micron. Illustrating the impact of this measurement technique, more than 100 journal articles are published per year that feature μPIV velocity measurements. This article discusses the fundamentals of the technique, its theoretical background, and several applications.
A comparative study of one-shot statistical calibration methods for analog / RF ICs

Growing demand for more powerful yet smaller devices has resulted in continuous scaling of fabrication technologies. While this approach supports aggressive design specifications, it has resulted in tighter constraints for circuit designers who face yield losses in analog / RF ICs due to process variation. Over the last few years, several statistical techniques have, therefore, been proposed to counter these losses and to recover yield through individual post-manufacturing calibration of each fabricated chip using tuning knobs. These techniques can be broadly classified as iterative or one-shot calibration methods, with the latter having the benefit of being faster and, therefore, more likely to be cost-effective in a high volume manufacturing (HVM) environment. In this paper, we first put three previously proposed one-shot statistical calibration methods to the test using a custom-designed tunable LNA, which was fabricated in IBM's 130nm RF CMOS process. We, then, introduce an improvement to the tuning knob selection criterion, which applies to all three methods, increasing their effectiveness. Finally, we demonstrate the efficacy of a previously proposed approach which uses simulation data and Bayesian model fusion in order to reduce the number of chips required for training the statistical models employed by the three one-shot calibration methods.
Direct effect of infliximab on intestinal mucosa sustains mucosal healing: exploring new mechanisms of action

Abstract Background Infliximab is effective in inflammatory bowel disease through several mechanisms, possibly acting at the mucosal level. Aim To assess the role of infliximab on intestinal mucosa and whether it contributes to mucosal healing. Methods Human colonic mucosal biopsies were incubated with or without infliximab. Cultured biopsies were evaluated for histological staining, CD68, CD3, E-cadherin and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) expression, and apoptosis. A scratch assay and MTT assay were performed with Caco2 cells in the presence of infliximab and/or tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α or treated with supernatants obtained from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or human intestinal fibroblasts treated with TNF-α and infliximab alone or in association. Results Infliximab-treated biopsies displayed a better histological appearance, reduced inflammation with an increase of E-cadherin, phospho-ERK and apoptosis. Supernatants showed lower TNF-α, IL-17, IL-6 and IL-8 concentration, with an increase in fibroblast-growth-factor. Motility at scratch assay and proliferation at MTT assay of Caco2 cells displayed differential modulation by TNF-α and infliximab, directly or through supernatants of human intestinal fibroblasts and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to them. Conclusion Infliximab contributes to the mucosal healing process by acting directly at an intestinal mucosal level; infliximab indirectly affects epithelial cell migration and proliferation by acting on both fibroblasts and leukocytes.
Advances in Numerical Dynamic Programming and New Applications

Abstract Dynamic programming is the essential tool in dynamic economic analysis. Problems such as portfolio allocation for individuals and optimal economic growth are typical examples. Numerical methods typically approximate the value function. Recent work has focused on making numerical methods more stable, and more efficient in its use of information. This chapter presents two examples where numerical dynamic programming is applied to high-dimensional problems from finance and the integration of climate and economic systems.
Vitamin D and Your Heart

Heart disease remains the leading cause of mortality for men and women in the United States and worldwide. Originally known for its crucial role in the maintenance of bone health, vitamin D has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. A growing body of evidence suggests an association between vitamin D deficiency and increased cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality; however, optimal levels of vitamin D for heart health remain undefined. Vitamin D is a hormone precursor that can be obtained from natural or fortified foods, dietary supplements, or exposure of the skin to the ultraviolet rays of sunlight. It is uniquely different from all other vitamins because of our body’s own ability to produce it in adequate quantities from exposure to ultraviolet B light, which initiates the skin synthesis of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). Vitamin D3 then undergoes modification by the liver to 25(OH)D, which is the best indicator of vitamin D exposure and is easily measured in the blood. Vitamin D ultimately undergoes final hydroxylation by our kidneys to its biologically active form, 1,25(OH)2 …
Bicaudate infarcts in the setting of congenital absence of A1 segment

A 51-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and smoking presented with sudden onset of confabulation, delusions, and blunted affect. She was oriented to time, place, and person with intact language, strength coordination, and sensation. Gait was slow and wide-based. Serum and CSF yielded no abnormalities. Brain MRI showed bilateral caudate infarcts (figure 1). Cerebral angiography did not provide evidence of dissection or stenosis of the internal carotid artery or major atherosclerosis intracranially or involving the aortic arch. However, it showed an embolus in the right A1, with congenital absence of the left A1 segment; there was a thrombus at the origin of the right internal carotid artery (figure 2). No source of thromboembolism was identified on transthoracic echocardiography. Infarction spared the more distal cortical branches of anterior cerebral artery territories because these benefited from a retrograde filling through middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery pial collaterals, more developed on the left. This congenital vascular variant, one that clinicians should be cognizant of, leads to the bilateral nature of the infarcts.1,2
The virtual crack closure technique for modeling interlaminar failure and delamination in advanced composite materials

This chapter gives an overview of the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) and provides insight into its application and pitfalls. We give equations for two-dimensional elements, as well as three-dimensional solid and plate/shell elements. This chapter presents necessary modifications for the use of the method with geometrically nonlinear finite element analysis and corrections required for elements at the crack tip with different lengths and widths. Modeling and implementation aspects are discussed, as well as mixed-mode fracture criteria and standardized test methods to obtain fracture toughness data used in the analyses. Additionally, we address problems associated with cracks or delaminations located at a bimaterial interface. Further, in this chapter we demonstrate the development and application of benchmark examples for the assessment of delamination propagation capabilities. Evolving methods and future trends are introduced and recommendations for the successful use of VCCT are provided together with an application example and extensive references to key publications.
Stromatoporoid biozonation of the Cedar City Formation, Middle Devonian of Missouri

The Cedar City Formation is divisible into three stromatoporoid biozones. These zones are differentiated by the mutually exclusive stratigraphic occurrences of the species 1) Syringostroma astrorhizoides, 2) Stromatoporella congregabilis and 3) Stachyodes crebrum. Chronologically, the zones range from late Emsian to early Frasnian. Lithofacies of the Cedar City are not restrictive as to the stromatoporoid species they contain.
Determination of B-cell clonality in paraffin-embedded endoscopic biopsy specimens of abnormal lymphocytic infiltrates and gastrointestinal lymphoma by polymerase chain reaction

External and seminested polymerase chain reaction techniques were used to determine B-cell clonality in paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens of abnormal lymphocytic infiltrates and malignant lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract. Using consensus primers for the variable and joining regions, the authors detected clonal immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene rearrangements in five of eight endoscopic biopsy specimens (62.5%) and six of eight resection specimens (75%) of well-characterized B-cell gastrointestinal lymphomas. No clonal rearrangements were detected in 21 negative controls including 7 cases of chronic gastritis and 7 cases of Crohn's disease. In endoscopic biopsy specimens of eight patients with abnormal lymphocytic infiltrates, clonal immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene rearrangement was found in three of six cases (50%) in whom gastrointestinal involvement by lymphoma was subsequently established. Therefore, polymerase chain reaction may be used to demonstrate B-cell clonality in paraffin-embedded endoscopic biopsy specimens of abnormal lymphocytic infiltrates and may circumvent the need for more invasive procedures.
Acorn germination is not enhanced near cache sites relative to random locations

Acorns produced by oak (genus Quercus L.) trees are eaten by numerous wildlife species, many of which may also contribute to oak regeneration by dispersing acorns to favorable microhabitats. Accord...
Antioxidant Effect of Chlorpromazine

Summary1. Chlorpromazine, in concentrations of 2 × 10-5 M, inhibits formation of lipide peroxides in liver and brain homogenates. 2. When allowed to remain in light, chlorpromazine solutions become brown in color, and the activity is increased 5-fold. 3. Chlorpromazine sulfoxide is less effective than chlorpromazine, but is similarly activated on standing. 4. Methylene blue is a powerful antioxidant, comparable to the activated form of chlorpromazine.
Nucleic Acid Hybridization to Isolated Chromatin

Three procedures are in general use for the formation and detection of RNA-DNA hybrids: reactions on a filter (Gillespie and Spiegelman, 1965); reaction in liquid (Nygaard and Hall, 1963); and reaction in agar (McCarthy and Bolton, 1964). The inherent limitations of each procedure have been studied in detail (Kennell and Kotoulas, 1968). Because of its simplicity, the filter method has been used in various phases of nucleic acid research with good reliability and convenience. Thus it has become possible to estimate the size of that portion of the genome specific for a species of RNA and to measure the appearance of a particular species of RNA during development. However, because of the possibility of nonspecific binding of added RNA to some material, such as basic proteins (which might also render such spuriously bound RNA resistant to RNase), it has been assumed that purity of the DNA fixed on the nitrocellulose filter is imperative.
Two-channel polarization analyzer in the sustaining fiber-dimming fiber ensemble of crayfish visual system

Polarization sensitivity (PS) was examined in two classes of neurons, sustaining fibers and dimming fibers, in the medulla externa (second optic neuropile) of the crayfish, Pacifasticus leniusculus. Visual responses were recorded intracellularly and extracellularly. The influence of e-vector orientation (theta) was probed in steady-state responses, with brief flashes and with a rotating polarizer. The results indicate that the entire sustaining fiber population appears to be maximally sensitive to vertically polarized light. Although the evidence is less complete for dimming fibers, they appear to be maximally inhibited by vertically polarized light and excited by horizontally polarized light. Thus the sustaining fibers and dimming fibers form a two-channel polarization analyzer that captures the main features of the polarization system established in photoreceptors and lamina monopolar cells. The available evidence suggests that this two-channel system has the same characteristics across most or all of the retinula. Lateral inhibition in sustaining fibers is differentially sensitive to theta. Inhibition is substantial at theta = 90 degrees (horizontal) and essentially absent at theta = 0 degrees. The details of the sustaining fiber polarization response closely follow features established in more peripheral neurons, including the magnitude of PS, enhanced responsiveness to a changing e-vector, and modest directionality to a changing e-vector in approximately 40% of the cells.
Direct, visible light-sensitized benzylic C H fluorination of peptides using dibenzosuberenone: selectivity for phenylalanine-like residues

Abstract A visible light-sensitized benzylic sp3 C H fluorination protocol using dibenzosuberenone (5 mol %) and Selectfluor® is optimized for the direct functionalization of phenylalanine-like residues in short chain peptides. Amino acids, dipeptides, and tripeptides undergo benzylic fluorination with remarkable regioselectivity in the presence of protected basic, acidic, and nonpolar side chains (including those with tertiary sites). Additionally, protecting group compatibility, a gram scale application, and competition experiments were explored.
Better off Alone The Presence of One Hazard Impedes Detection of Another in Simulated Traffic Scenes

It is well known that traffic collisions can easily occur when a driver’s attention is consumed by task irrelevant information (e.g. cellphone, or billboards). Is it possible though that drivers wi...
The Foundational Contribution to Entrepreneurship Research of William J. Baumol

William J. Baumol has made an impressive number of important contributions to our understanding of entrepreneurship. This article presents an interview in which Baumol discusses the role and importance of innovation in the economy, as well as his views on methodological and pedagogical issues. In addition to summarizing briefly Baumol's classic argument on productive, unproductive, and destructive entrepreneurship, the article highlights some areas of his work that are less known among entrepreneurship scholars. In particular, the article discusses Baumol's work on economic growth and his theory of contestable markets. Both topics offer fruitful research venues for those interested in the relationship between strategic entrepreneurship, market entry, and innovation. Copyright © 2016 Strategic Management Society.
Optimization of transmission system repair and restoration with crew routing

Natural disasters impose significant threat to the electric grid and cause severe damages and blackouts. Presently, the power industry still relies on experiences to make recovery plans after natural disasters. In this paper, we study the repair and restoration of a transmission system. The problem consists of dispatching repair crews to fix damaged components and re-dispatching the available generators. The first step in our proposed approach is to locate central stations for the repair crews. This problem is solved by taking the location of the transmission lines and bus bars, and performing k-means to cluster all components and locating the central stations in the center of the clusters. The second step is to solve the developed MILP model with the objective of maximizing the picked-up loads. The model combines the DC optimal power flow (DCOPF) problem with the vehicle routing problem (VRP). The proposed model is tested on a modified IEEE 57-bus transmission system. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the co-optimization approach.
Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathy in Cancer Survivors.

Abstract Context Evidence suggests that chemotherapy-induced neuropathy (CIN) is a significant problem for cancer survivors. However, a detailed phenotypic characterization of CIN in cancer survivors is not available. Objectives To evaluate between-group differences in demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as in measures of sensation, function, and postural control, in a sample of cancer survivors who received a platinum and/or a taxane-based CTX regimen and did (n = 426) and did not (n = 197) develop CIN. Methods Survivors completed self-report questionnaires and underwent objective testing (i.e., light touch, pain sensation, cold sensation, vibration, muscle strength, grip strength, Purdue Pegboard test, Timed Get Up and Go test, Fullerton Advanced Balance test). Parametric and nonparametric statistics were used to compare between-group differences in study outcomes. Results Of the 426 survivors with CIN, 4.9% had CIN only in their upper extremities, 27.0% only in their lower extremities, and 68.1% in both their upper and lower extremities. Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with CIN included the following: older age, lower annual income, higher body mass index, a higher level of comorbidity, being born prematurely, receipt of a higher cumulative dose of chemotherapy, and a poorer functional status. Survivors with CIN had worse outcomes for all of the following objective measures: light touch, pain, temperature, vibration, upper and lower extremity function, and balance. Conclusions This study is the first to provide a detailed phenotypic characterization of CIN in cancer survivors who received a platinum and/or a taxane compound. These data can serve as a benchmark for future studies of CIN in cancer survivors.
A note on the kinship system of Kenya Luo

The kinship terms of Kenya Luo show morphologically plural forms for both singular and plural possessors. This feature is not uniform throughout the system, but is present in some terms, absent in others, and variable in still others. This variability, together with. the fact that similar patterns are not found in related or neighboring languages, suggests that the pattern is a residual inheritance in Luo.
Incentivizing attendance to prolonged exposure for PTSD with opioid use disorder patients: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether contingent monetary incentives increase opioid use disorder patients' attendance to Prolonged Exposure (PE) therapy and whether attendance is associated with improvement in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD) outcomes. METHOD Patients (N = 58) with PTSD were offered PE or PE with incentives (PE + I; max $480) to attend PE sessions. Participants were assessed at baseline and weeks 6, 12, and 24 postrandomization. RESULTS Participants were mostly women (79%) and Caucasian (71%); mean age 37.43 years (SD = 11.33). PE + I participants attended a median of 9 (of 12) sessions compared to 1 session for PE participants (p < .001), which included more exposure sessions (PE + I mdn = 6; PE mdn = 0; p < .001). A Time × treatment condition interaction indicated that PE + I participants exhibited a greater decrease in PTSD severity over time than PE participants (OR = 3.1; 95% CI = 0.4-5.7; p = .024). PE + I participants remained in substance use treatment longer than PE participants (mdn days = 262 vs. 192; p = .039). There were no group differences in drug use. CONCLUSIONS Monetary incentives increased SUD patients' attendance to an otherwise poorly attended treatment for PTSD. Better attendance in the incentivized group was associated with greater PTSD improvement, better SUD treatment retention, and no increased drug use. Incentives are well supported for improving adherence to substance use treatment goals and promising as a means to improve therapy attendance, which may improve the effectiveness of existing psychotherapies in difficult-to-treat populations. (PsycINFO Database Record
Fusarium oxysporum and the Fusarium Wilt Syndrome

The Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) comprises a multitude of strains that cause vascular wilt diseases of economically important crops throughout the world. Although sexual reproduction is unknown in the FOSC, horizontal gene transfer may contribute to the observed diversity in pathogenic strains. Development of disease in a susceptible crop requires F. oxysporum to advance through a series of transitions, beginning with spore germination and culminating with establishment of a systemic infection. In principle, each transition presents an opportunity to influence the risk of disease. This includes modifications of the microbial community in soil, which can affect the ability of pathogen propagules to survive, germinate, and infect plant roots. In addition, many host attributes, including the composition of root exudates, the structure of the root cortex, and the capacity to recognize and respond quickly to invasive growth of a pathogen, can impede development of F. oxysporum.
The Problems With Prosecutors

Most scholarship on prosecutors in the United States is diagnostic, prescriptive, or both; the motivating questions are, What is the problem with prosecutors, and how do we fix it? Answering those questions has been difficult, in part because there are at least seven different problems with American prosecutors. Six of those problems are relatively familiar: the power of prosecutors, the discretion they exercise, the illegality in which they too often are found to have engaged, the punitive ideology that shapes many of their practices, their often-frustrating unaccountability, and organizational inertia within prosecutors’ offices. These problems intersect, so they are difficult to address separately. The seventh problem is discussed less often but may be the most basic: the ambiguity of the prosecutor's role. That problem needs to be understood as well if progress is to be made addressing the other six.
Autistic Siblings with Novel Mutations in Two Different Genes: Insight for Genetic Workups of Autistic Siblings and Connection to Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is high yet the etiology of this disorder is still uncertain. Advancements in genetic analysis has provided the ability to identify potential genetic changes that may contribute to ASD. Interestingly, several genetic syndromes have been linked to metabolic disorders, suggesting an avenue for treatment. In this case study we report siblings with ASD who had similar initial phenotypic presentations. Whole exome sequencing (WES) revealed a novel c.795delT mutation in the WDR45 gene affecting the girl, which was consistent with her eventual progression to a Rett–like syndrome phenotype including seizures along with a stereotypical cyclic breathing pattern. Interestingly, WES identified that the brother harbored a novel heterozygous Y1546H variant in the DEPDC5 gene, consistent with his presentation. Both siblings underwent a metabolic work-up that demonstrated different patterns of mitochondrial dysfunction. The girl demonstrated statistically significant elevations in mitochondrial activity of complex I+III in both muscle and fibroblasts and increased respiration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells on Seahorse Extracellular Flux analysis. The boy demonstrates a statistically significant decrease in complex IV activity in buccal epithelium and decreased respiration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These cases highlight the differences in genetic abnormalities even in siblings with ASD phenotypes as well as highlights the individual role of novel mutations in the WDR45 and DEPDC5 genes. These cases demonstrate the importance of advanced genetic testing combined with metabolic evaluations in the workup of children with ASD.
Myth, Perspective, and Affirmation in Nietzsche’s Birth of Tragedy

ABSTRACTWhile the Apollonian and Dionysian in Nietzsche’s Birth of Tragedy are often understood as a rehashing of Schopenhauerian metaphysics, recent accounts have shown that his use of these conce...
Cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli on hides of market beef cows at harvest.

Cattle hides are an important source of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) carcass contamination at slaughter. Seven EHEC serogroups are adulterants in raw, non-intact beef: EHEC O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145 and O157. The objective of this study was to estimate the probability for hide contamination with EHEC among US market beef cows at slaughter and to test the effects of season and geographic region on prevalence of hide contamination. Hides (n = 800) of market cows were swabbed at slaughter immediately after exsanguination, prior to hide removal. Cows were sampled from two geographically distinct beef packing plants during four seasons of 2015. Cattle source was categorized by northern or southern region. Samples were tested for EHEC by a molecular screening assay. The effects of region, season and their interaction on the probability of hide contamination by each EHEC serogroup were tested in separate multilevel multivariable logistic regression models, accounting for the random effect of clustering by plant. Statistical significance was set α = .05. Of 800 total samples, at least one EHEC was detected on 630 (79%) hides. Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli O26 was detected on 129 (16%) of all hides sampled, EHEC O45 on 437 (55%), EHEC O103 on 289 (36%), EHEC O111 on 189 (24%), EHEC O121 on 140 (18%), EHEC O145 on 171 (21%) and EHEC O157 on 89 (11%). Detection of EHEC O26 and EHEC O121 was associated with season. Season and region were associated with detecting EHEC O45 and EHEC O157. Season-by-region interactions were associated with the outcome of detecting EHEC O103, EHEC O111 and EHEC O145. Season, region of origin and the interaction of these factors affect hide contamination of market beef cattle at slaughter by EHEC, and each serogroup responds to these factors uniquely.
Update in Pediatric Hospital Medicine

Pediatric Hospital Medicine has significantly developed as a field over the past two decades. With the goal of improving care for hospitalized children, much of the research in this field has focused on reducing unnecessary interventions, optimizing necessary treatments, and reducing variability for common inpatient conditions. While this is far from an exhaustive chapter on the vast diversity and advances in this field, it focuses on the updates for some of the top diagnoses in hospital medicine and the major trends in the field. Updated management of acute viral bronchiolitis, urinary tract infections, neonatal infections, brief resolved unexplained events (formerly, apparent life-threatening events), and osteomyelitis are highlighted with emphasis on major management changes. In addition, and distinct to pediatric hospital medicine, the topics of overuse and high value care are discussed as they have gained momentum in influencing the way hospitalists think and practice.
Additive manufacturing of Inconel 718 – Ti6Al4V bimetallic structures

Abstract Bimetallic structures belong to a class of multi-material structures, and they potentially offer unique solutions to many engineering problems. In this work, bimetallic structures of Inconel 718 and Ti6Al4V (Ti64) alloys were processed using laser engineered net shaping (LENS™). During LENS™ processing, three build strategies were attempted: direct deposition, compositional gradation and use of an intermediate bond layer. Inconel 718 and Ti64 alloys exhibit thermal properties mismatch along with brittle intermetallic phase formation at the interface resulting in delamination. For a successful build, the use of a compositional bond layer (CBL) was employed, which was a mixture of a third material - Vanadium Carbide - with the parent alloys to form an intermediate layer used in bonding the two immiscible alloys. A crack-free bimetallic structure of Inconel 718 and Ti64 was demonstrated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction and Vickers hardness were used to characterize these bimetallic structures. XRD analysis indicated presence of Cr3C2 phases. CBL improved the bonding strength by avoiding formation of brittle intermetallic phases such as TiNi3 and Ti2Ni as well as reducing thermal stresses at the interface. Our results successfully demonstrate the formation of Inconel 718 and Ti64 bimetallic structures using a laser-based commercially available additive manufacturing approach.
Maneuvering decision in short range air combat for unmanned combat aerial vehicles

In order to the requirement of flexibility and real-time for maneuvering decision in short range air combat, a maneuvering decision model in short range air combat based on reinforcement learning is presented. The model has two characteristics, one is select the situational evaluation function to build the state space, what make the discrete state space get more representative. The other is use the thinking of Monte-Carlo reinforcement learning, the result of air combat was used as the basis for returning the reward, what ensure the continuity of maneuver movement. The model is use the control valve as the decision result and the decision time is less than 0.001 seconds. At last, the feasibility of the decision model was verified by two different experiments.
Genome-Wide Association Studies (Gwas) of Blood Pressure in Different Populations

Hypertension represents a global public health burden. In addition to the rarer Mendelian forms of hypertension, classic genetic studies have documented a significant heritable component to the most common form, essential hypertension. Several strategies have been developed to identify a genetic variation that is associated with hypertension. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were developed to identify particular genetic markers (single-nucleotide polymorphism, SNP) that co-occur with blood pressure or hypertension. In GWAS, one human DNA sample can be queried for millions of genetic variants simultaneously, and the whole genome can be compared between different subjects. In addition, GWAS offer the potential to identify novel mechanisms in the pathophysiology of hypertension (HTN). To date, close to 30 GWAS and meta-analyses of GWAS have been conducted identifying over 100 SNPs in and around 86 genes. Unfortunately, GWAS, once felt to be revolutionizing the search for the genes underlying human complex diseases, have failed to deliver on the promise of identifying common genetic variants responsible for a large heritable portion of hypertension. Very few of the SNPs identified have been replicated in more than one study and more than one population group. However, improvement in our understanding of sample-size requirements, refinement in the type of gene chips with almost ~ 2.5 million SNPs, and development of high-throughput sequencing may breathe fresh life into this strategy.
Subjective similarity of patterns of diffuse interstitial lung disease on thin-section CT: an observer performance study.

Rationale and Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the subjective similarity for pairs of images with various abnormal patterns of diffuse interstitial lung disease on thin-section computed tomography by experienced radiologists to explore a basis for selecting similar images to assist radiologists' interpretation. Materials and Methods Four major patterns (ground-glass opacity, nodular opacity, reticular opacity, and honeycombing) on thin-section computed tomographic images were identified by at least two of three radiologists. One radiologist manually selected 104 image pairs, in which the images in each pair had the same pattern and were similar in appearance. An additional 208 image pairs were randomly selected and evenly divided among the four patterns. These pairs were then rated for subjective similarity (on a continuous scale ranging from 0 = not similar at all to 1.0 = almost identical) by 12 radiologists. Results For radiologist-selected pairs, the mean similarity rated by the 12 radiologists was 0.72. For randomly selected pairs, the mean similarity was higher for the same pattern (0.47) than for the varying patterns (0.27) (P Conclusion Subjective similarity ratings for pairs of abnormal images can be measured reliably and reproducibly by radiologists and will provide a basis for the selection of similar images to assist radiologists' interpretation.
Selling sounds: the commercial revolution in American music

As with other fields, music studies benefits from developing its own self-critical tradition, as scholars begin dialogues about how we – as consumers and scholars – receive music. These analyses he...
Abstract 14746: Region and Physician Specialty Influence Medical Management of Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis

Introduction: A lack of consensus exists regarding the optimal treatment for patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS). Little is known about regional trends in medication use and how physician specialty influences the medical management of this population. Hypothesis: Regional variability and physician specialty influence the medical management of ARAS. Methods: Medication data was available for 932 patients from the CORAL trial (Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions). The United States (US) was divided into the 4 federal census bureau regions: Midwest, Northeast, South and West. Medications were classified as lipid-lowering (statin), anti-platelet, and 10 anti-hypertensive categories. Physician specialty affiliation was hypertensionologist, interventional cardiologist (IC), interventional radiologist (IR), or vascular surgeon (VS). Results: We observed wide variation in the use of several classes of medication between clinical centers in the US (n=772) and outside the US (n=159). Patients outside the US took more anti-hypertensive medications (2.4 vs. 1.9, p Conclusions: Significant region-dependent variation exists in the medical therapy of ARAS. These variations are not explained by patient characteristics and are influenced by physician specialty.
I Challenge You

In this article, the author challenges those at the K–12 level to partner with fellow local and statewide college members to assist in the process to ensure future professionals get to the SHAPE Am...
Tγδ17 cells build up the nerve.

γδ T cells are critical contributors to tissue homeostasis. Recent research identifies an unexpected role for γδ T cell–derived IL-17F in promoting sympathetic innervation and tissue thermogenesis through the induction of the cytokine TGF-β in adipose cells.
Cyclic (Alkyl)- and (Aryl)-(amino)carbene Coinage Metal Complexes and Their Applications.

Cyclic (alkyl)- and (aryl)-(amino)carbenes (CAACs and CAArCs) are stronger σ-donors and π-acceptors than imidazol-2-ylidenes and imidazolidin-2-ylidenes, the well-known N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC...
Passive RF Neural Electrodes

This chapter discusses the operation and examples of passive and fully passive radio-frequency (RF) neural electrodes, as well as the challenges associated with these neurosensing systems. Passive and fully passive wireless implants reduce the risks associated with traditional neural interfaces as implanted batteries are eliminated, perforation of the skull is not needed, and implant complexity is reduced. Passive, wireless implants do not store power within the implant but rather use inductive coupling to transmit power from an antenna external to the body to an implanted antenna. The implant rectifies the received power to operate an implanted integrated circuit (IC), which amplifies transmitted neural signals. One of the primary challenges with passive devices is maintaining high coupling between the internal and external antennas while ensuring the device is still operating at a safe Specific Absorption Rate level within the body. Fully passive devices use microwave backscattering, removing the need for power harvesting and further decreasing implant complexity; however, without on-chip amplification, system sensitivity becomes a primary concern. Removing implant complexity also poses design challenges for handling multichannel operation. Current research is addressing these challenges, as well as those associated with portability and integration of electrodes designed for chronic recording.
Rényi’s spectra of urban form for different modalities of input data

Abstract Morphologies of urban patterns display multifractal scaling. However, what data should be used to represent an urban pattern and its scaling? Here, we calculated Renyi’s generalized dimensions (RGD) spectra using data corresponding to different urban modalities including urban land cover, urban impervious surface, population density, and street intersection points. All data are circa 2010 and we calculated their RGD spectra in six urbanized areas located across the United States. We calculated the RGD spectra by using Hill’s numbers rather than statistical moments which leads to a clear interpretation of generalized dimensions and to spatial visualization of pattern’s multifractality. The results show that patterns of different urban modalities in a given urbanized area are characterized by different RGD spectra and thus have different morphologies. In our six examples, we found that morphologies of patterns of land cover and impervious surface tend to be monofractal, patterns of street intersection points tend to be moderately multifractal, and patterns of population density tend to be strongly multifractal. Spatial visualization supporting this numerical finding is provided. Thus, when studying the multifractality of urban morphology, it is important to choose a modality that is appropriate to the goal of the investigation. Urban areas may have similar morphologies on the basis of one modality but dissimilar on the basis of another. We have found that two out of our six urban areas have similar morphologies on the basis of all four modalities.
Stress sensitization to depression following childhood adversity: Moderation by HPA axis and serotonergic multilocus profile scores

Childhood adversity appears to sensitize youth to stress, increasing depression risk following stressful life events occurring throughout the lifespan. Some evidence suggests hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis-related and serotonergic genetic variation moderates this effect, in a "gene-by-environment-by-environment" interaction (G × E × E). However, prior research has tested single genetic variants, limiting power. The current study uses a multilocus genetic profile score (MGPS) approach to capture polygenic risk relevant to HPA axis and serotonergic functioning. Adolescents (N = 241, Mage = 15.90) completed contextual-threat-based interviews assessing childhood adversity and acute life events, and diagnostic interviews assessing depression. Established MGPSs indexed genetic variation linked to HPA axis (10 single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) and serotonergic (five SNPs) functioning. Results showed significant MGPS × Childhood Adversity × Recent Life Stress interactions predicting depression for both HPA axis and serotonergic MGPSs, with both risk scores predicting stronger Childhood Adversity × Recent Stress interactions. Serotonergic genetic risk specifically predicted sensitization to major interpersonal stressors. The serotonergic MGPS G × E × E was re-tested in an independent replication sample of early adolescent girls, with comparable results. Findings support the notion that genetic variation linked to these two neurobiological symptoms alters stress sensitization, and that gene-by-environment (G × E) interactions may be qualified by environmental exposures occurring at different points in development.
Research on High Performance Computing of Power System Based on Machine Learning Algorithm

The change of power system operation mode can cause the change of the power equipment parameters, operation mode of the calculation with the power grid is gradually increasing with the increase of complexity. In order to solve the heavy workload and repetitive tasks, this paper, the machine learning algorithm is used to study and practice the high performance calculation of power grid operation mode. The linear regression algorithm, the logical regression two classification algorithm and the deep neural network algorithm are compared and analyzed, and the performance evaluation index is given.
Sex-Specific Associations between Cartilage Structure and Metabolism at Rest and Acutely Following Walking and Drop-Landing.

ObjectiveCartilage health is thought to be dependent on the relationship between mechanics, structure, and metabolism, rather than these individual components in isolation. Due to sex differences i...
Succinyl-CoA Ligase Deficiency in Pro-inflammatory and Tissue-Invasive T Cells

Summary Autoimmune T cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a defect in mitochondrial oxygen consumption and ATP production. Here, we identified suppression of the GDP-forming β subunit of succinate-CoA ligase (SUCLG2) as an underlying abnormality. SUCLG2-deficient T cells reverted the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle from the oxidative to the reductive direction, accumulated α-ketoglutarate, citrate, and acetyl-CoA (AcCoA), and differentiated into pro-inflammatory effector cells. In AcCoAhi RA T cells, tubulin acetylation stabilized the microtubule cytoskeleton and positioned mitochondria in a perinuclear location, resulting in cellular polarization, uropod formation, T cell migration, and tissue invasion. In the tissue, SUCLG2-deficient T cells functioned as cytokine-producing effector cells and were hyperinflammatory, a defect correctable by replenishing the enzyme. Preventing T cell tubulin acetylation by tubulin acetyltransferase knockdown was sufficient to inhibit synovitis. These data link mitochondrial failure and AcCoA oversupply to autoimmune tissue inflammation.