cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Feeding dysfunction in children with single ventricle following staged palliation.

Objective To determine the prevalence of feeding dysfunction in children with single ventricle defects and identify associated risk factors. Study design Patients aged 2-6 years with single ventricle physiology presenting for routine cardiology follow-up at the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin were prospectively identified. Parents of the patients completed 2 validated instruments for assessment of feeding dysfunction. Chart review was performed to retrospectively obtain demographic and diagnostic data. Results Instruments were completed for 56 patients; median age was 39 months. Overall, 28 (50%) patients had some form of feeding dysfunction. Compared with a normal reference population, patients with single ventricle had statistically significant differences in dysfunctional food manipulation ( P P = .002), choking/gagging/vomiting ( P P P P P = .001, respectively). Multivariable analysis identified current gastrostomy tube use ( P = .02) and a single parent household ( P = .01) as risk factors for feeding dysfunction. Conclusion Feeding dysfunction is common in children with single ventricle defects, occurring in 50% of our cohort. Feeding dysfunction is associated with worse growth measures. Current gastrostomy tube use and a single parent household were identified as independent risk factors for feeding dysfunction.
Psy2 Targets the PP4 Family Phosphatase Pph3 To Dephosphorylate Mth1 and Repress Glucose Transporter Gene Expression

The reversible nature of protein phosphorylation dictates that any protein kinase activity must be counteracted by protein phosphatase activity. How phosphatases target specific phosphoprotein substrates and reverse the action of kinases, however, is poorly understood in a biological context. We address this question by elucidating a novel function of the conserved PP4 family phosphatase Pph3-Psy2, the yeast counterpart of the mammalian PP4c-R3 complex, in the glucose-signaling pathway. Our studies show that Pph3-Psy2 specifically targets the glucose signal transducer protein Mth1 via direct binding of the EVH1 domain of the Psy2 regulatory subunit to the polyproline motif of Mth1. This activity is required for the timely dephosphorylation of the downstream transcriptional repressor Rgt1 upon glucose withdrawal, a critical event in the repression of HXT genes, which encode glucose transporters. Pph3-Psy2 dephosphorylates Mth1, an Rgt1 associated corepressor, but does not dephosphorylate Rgt1 at sites associated with inactivation, in vitro. We show that Pph3-Psy2 phosphatase antagonizes Mth1 phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA), the major protein kinase activated in response to glucose, in vitro and regulates Mth1 function via putative PKA phosphorylation sites in vivo. We conclude that the Pph3-Psy2 phosphatase modulates Mth1 activity to facilitate precise regulation of HXT gene expression by glucose.
Viral serology (hepatitis B virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus) and abnormal liver function tests in transfused patients with hereditary hemorrhagic diseases.

Posttransfusion hepatitis and asymptomatic liver disease remain serious and unresolved problems in transfused patients with hereditary hemorrhagic diseases. We studied the occurrence of antibody and antigen to hepatitis B virus (anti-Hbs and HBsAg) as well as antibody to cytomegalovirus (anti-CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (anti-EBV) in this population and correlated this with liver function tests. The study population was divided into two groups: Group I, consisting of 35 patients (moderate to mild disease) requiring less than 12 transfusions per year and Group II, consisting of 38 patients (severe disease) requiring more than 12 transfusions per year. Frequency of transfusion correlated with detectable anti-HBs and anti-CMV (48.6% and 25.7% in Group I, 94.7% and 47.4% in Group II). Three patients, all in Group I, were HBsAg positive while none in Group II had demonstrable antigen. Anti-EBV occurred with similar frequency in both groups. The abnormal liver funtion tests present in 62.9 per cent of Group I and 89.5 per cent of Group II correlated poorly with the presence of anti-HBs, anti-CMV and anti-EBV. Splenomegaly was not detected in any of the 73 patients. HBV and CMV appear to be transmissible by transfusion, and other viruses such as non-A, non-B may account for this liver dysfunction.
Common cellular and molecular mechanisms in obesity and drug addiction

The hedonic properties of food can stimulate feeding behaviour even when energy requirements have been met, contributing to weight gain and obesity. Similarly, the hedonic effects of drugs of abuse can motivate their excessive intake, culminating in addiction. Common brain substrates regulate the hedonic properties of palatable food and addictive drugs, and recent reports suggest that excessive consumption of food or drugs of abuse induces similar neuroadaptive responses in brain reward circuitries. Here, we review evidence suggesting that obesity and drug addiction may share common molecular, cellular and systems-level mechanisms.
Autocrine Transforming Growth Factor α Regulates Cell Adhesion by Multiple Signaling via Specific Phosphorylation Sites of p70S6 Kinase in Colon Cancer Cells

Recently, we showed that autocrine transforming growth factor α (TGFα) controls the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated basal expression of integrin α2, cell adhesion and motility in highly progressed HCT116 colon cancer cells. We also reported that the expression of basal integrin α2 and its biological effects are critically controlled by the constitutive activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway (Sawhney, R. S., Sharma, B., Humphrey, L. E., and Brattain, M. G. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 19861–19869). In the present report, we further examine the downstream signaling mechanisms underlying EGFR/ERK signaling and integrin α2 function in HCT116 cells. Selective MEK inhibitors attenuated TGFα-mediated basal activation of p70S6K (S6K) specifically at Thr-389, indicating that this S6K site is downstream of ERK/MAPK signaling. Cells were treated with the selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide to determine the role of PKC in S6K activation. The Thr-421 and Ser-424 phosphorylation sites of S6K were specifically inhibited by bisindolylmaleimide, which also blocked integrin α2 expression, cell adhesion, and motility. These data establish a novel cell motility function of S6K via PKC activation in a cancer cell. In addition, we examined whether mammalian target of rapamycin signaling controls S6K activation. Rapamycin inhibited constitutive S6K phosphorylation specifically at Thr-389, Thr-421, and Ser-424 sites. The assignment of these phosphorylation sites on S6K to biological functions was unequivocally confirmed by transfection of cells with specific single phosphorylation site dominant negative mutants. These experiments show for the first time that autocrine TGFα regulates cell adhesion function by multiple signaling pathways via specific phosphorylation sites of S6K in cancer cells.
Strong polarization dependence and selenium lone-pairs in the photoemission spectra of Sb2Se3

Abstract The photoemission energy distribution curves (EDC's) of crystalline and amorphous Sb 2 Se 3 were measured in the photon energy range hv =7 to 20 eV using polarized radiation from a synchroton storage ring. The EDC's show that the six electrons per Sb 2 Se 3 molecule, attributed primarily to the selenium p -pairs, are clearly separated from the remaining part of the valence band of crystalline Sb 2 Se 3 . The optical transitions from these states occur with matrix elements strongly dependent on the orientation of the electrical vector of the polarized radiation as a result of crystal field effects. Model densities of states are constructed for both crystalline and amorphous Sb 2 Se 3 .
The photometric estimation of luciferase in luminous bacterial cells.

Abstract The bacterial luciferase reaction carried out in vitro can be used as a basis for a semiquantitative assay of active luciferase in bacterial cells. Relations between maximum luminous intensity generated and the amount of enzyme present can be established for luciferase and for the combination of DPNH oixdase and luciferase. A definition is suggested for a unit of luciferase activity. It is believed that the assay procedure described can be made accurate to within ±10%.
Neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain

Abstract The production of neurons in the mammalian brain is typically restricted to a discrete developmental period ending, for the most part, prior to parturition. However, in certain regions of the brain, including the dentate gyrus, new neurons continue to be produced well into adulthood. In the adult brain, new cells arise from progenitors located within the hilus and subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, and then migrate into the dentate granule cell layer. Morphological, biochemical, and ultrastructural evidence indicate that many of these new cells become granule neurons, the principal projection neuron of the dentate gyrus. Anatomic studies have demonstrated that adult-generated granule neurons contribute axonal projections to area CA3 of Ammon's horn, while electron microscopy studies have revealed that these cells possess dendritic processes that extend into the dentate molecular layer to form synapses. Collectively, these data indicate that adult-generated granule neurons become functionally incorporated into the pre-existing neural circuitry of the dentate gyrus. The production and survival of adult-generated granule neurons are significantly influenced by experiential and neuroendocrine factors, suggesting that adult neurogenesis represents a substrate by which the environment may affect the structure and function of the adult brain. Although the precise function of adult-generated granule neurons is unknown, the formation of entirely novel neural circuits, and the regulation of this process by neuroendocrine and experiential factors, is likely to represent an important mode of neural plasticity. Moreover, the persistence of neural progenitors within the adult brain provides hope that an understanding of the process of adult neurogenesis may ultimately be of therapeutic relevance.
Fine structure of inclusions formed by the aucuba strain of tobacco mosaic virus.

Abstract Aggregates formed by the aucuba strain of tobacco mosaic virus were studied in ultrasections of systemically infected Turkish tobacco plants. Three kinds of aggregates were observed in the cytoplasm of infected cells: (1) true or three-dimensional crystals, (2) spike- or spindle-shaped paracrystals, and (3) “angled layer” aggregates. The first two already are known from studies of the common tobacco mosaic virus; the third appears to be a new form of viral association. Angled-layer aggregates are gently twisted and elongate elements that may be either single or grouped in bundles of varying size. They are made up of many small plates or layers of aligned and parallel virus particles oriented across the long axis of the aggregate, one layer being placed flat against the next but rotated at an angle of just less than 60 degrees (or just over its supplement, 120 degrees). In cross section they appear as three-way crosshatched figures and as short, parallel lines interspersed with rows of dots in longitudinal section.
Outcomes of blunt thoracic aortic injury in adolescents.

Background Blunt traumatic aortic injury (BTAI) is of very rare occurrence in adolescents. The purpose of our study was to assess the clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of BTAI in this subset of patients. Methods We reviewed prospective data of 18 patients who were 20 years or younger with BTAI among 28,000 trauma patients from January 1993 to December 2011. Outcomes of interest were the trends on the type of repair (nonoperative [NOP], open repair [OR], or endovascular treatment [ET]) and the impact of concomitant injuries using the Injury Severity Score (ISS) on early morbidity and mortality. Results Thirteen (72%) patients with BTAI were male with a cohort median age of 16 ± 3 years. The mechanism of trauma was car accident in 12 patients, pedestrian struck by car in 5, and motorcycle crash in 1. The total ISS was 46.2 ± 15.3 being the highest score of the thoracic component (4.6 ± 0.6) followed by the head score (4 ± 1.2). Two (11%) patients were pronounced dead in the emergency department and other 2 succumbed within 24 hr from admission. Of those 14 (78%) patients who survived longer than 24 hr, the ISS was significantly lower compared with those pronounced dead earlier (37.8 ± 10.7 vs. 59.6 ± 11.6; P = 0.0009). Ten patients (71%) underwent OR, 3 (17%) ET, and other 2 (28%) patients were treated nonoperatively. The ISS was similar among all 3 treatment groups (OR: 33 ± 8 vs. ET: 53 ± 9 vs. NOP: 51 ± 6; P = nonsignificant). No paraplegia or renal failure was noted in either ET or OR group. In-hospital and overall mortality were 21% and 39%. Of those who survived hospitalization, 8 (73%) patients were discharged home and 3 (27%) to a rehabilitation center. Conclusions The incidence of BTAI is very low in adolescents. Mortality rate is considerable even in young patients and it is associated with high ISS and degree of aortic wall disruption. Young patients with BTAI who survive hospitalization have a lower ISS and are often discharged home rather than to a rehabilitation facility.
Localization of serotonin 5‐HT2 receptors in living human brain by positron emission tomography using N1‐([11C]‐methyl)‐2‐BR‐LSD

N1-([11C]-Methyl)-2-Br-LSD ([11C]-MBL) has been developed as a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent for serotonin 5-HT2 receptors. In vitro receptor binding assays with nonradioactive MBL show high-affinity binding to serotonin 5-HT2 receptors (Ki = 0.5 nM), a secondary interaction of 8-fold lower affinity with dopamine D2 receptors, and low-affinity interactions with alpha 1-adrenergic as well as serotonin 5-HT1 receptors. Intravenous injection of [11C]-MBL in a baboon led to selective labeling of cortical regions that was markedly blocked by prior administration of ketanserin, a selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist. Clinical trials with [11C]-MBL have been conducted in seven normal human volunteers, and the regional distribution of radioactivity in the brain was distinctly serotonergic. Labeling was highest in frontal, temporal, and parietal cortex with lower levels observed in caudate and putamen. The tracer rapidly washed from the cerebellum and the low levels of activity in this brain region were used to define nonspecific binding. The maximum specificity was reached between 30 and 60 minutes postinjection when frontal cortex to cerebellum ratios ranged from 1.7 for a 52-year-old male to 2.7 for a 30-year-old male. In agreement with previous studies, a trend towards lower ratios (lower serotonin 5-HT2 receptor levels) was observed in older volunteers. These studies indicate that [11C]-MBL is a selective radioligand that can be used to monitor serotonin 5-HT2 receptor densities in vivo in most regions of the human brain.
Screening With Ease

Abstract The existing nutrition department screening system was not working effectively. The initial screening processs was time-consuming, required extensive training of Nutrition Technicians (NT), and included unrealistic standards resulting in poor compliance. This was identified as a performance improvement project by the Nutrition Standards of Practice Committee (SOP). A nutrition screening taskforce, comprised of NT, staff Registered Dietitians (RD), and SOP representatives, collected audit data and reviewed the literature to establish a user-friendly and effective nutrition screening program in compliance with regulatory standards for screening. The program included a simplified screening tool that utilized NT and computerized diet office system for implementing the data collection and nutrition screening process. Three standardized acuity levels were designated to identify all patients at nutritional risk during their hospital stay. Because the screening tool is user-friendly and time-saving without the need for intensive training and coaching, it has been well received by all those involved. The RD is now able to identify risk patients within 24 hours of admission and implement clinical intervention sooner. The NT has significantly unproved compliance with the established screening standards. This ptogijuu has been expanded to all age populations and has been successfully implemented at a large tertiary care facility and a smaller regional hospital in 1998. In the future, the SOP committee plans to focus on evaluating screening sensitivity and the cost-savings of earlier RD intervention.
Stokes flow through a periodically constricted tube and the resistance due to a contraction

The Stokes flow through a tube which is periodically constricted is studied by using eigenfunction expansions and matching. Both streamlines and pressure drops are computed. It is found that if straight sections of a tube are long enough, the total pressure drop is a sum of Poiseuille pressure drops and the excess pressure drops due to the diameter changes.
All clinical trials are not created equal: The dilemma of HEAAL

Many of the core advances in clinical therapeutics in heart failure have come about through randomised clinical trials (RCTs). Over the last twenty years, trials have increased in sophistication and the results of these trials have directly impacted patient care and outcomes. Landmark studies have the weight of history behind them: from CONSENSUS [2] and V-HeFT [3] to SOLVD [4] and COPERNICUS [5], these are but a few of the names that carry gravitas and elicit respect by junior faculty and professor emeriti alike. And with good reason: were it not for these trials, we would be practicing today like we were in the era of digoxin and diuretics. It is not a time that can be looked upon with nostalgia. Of course, not all trials have had such a large impact but instead have provided crucial incremental knowledge: trials like CHARM [6], EPHESUS [7] and EUROPA [8] which fine tuned our thinking and helped to answer important, if not absolutely crucial, questions. It is also true that RCTs have their drawbacks. We know about the limitations in enrollment; for example, chronic under-representation of women and the elderly [9,10]. We know about the difficulty our profession has had in some cases translating findings of efficacy in the RCT into the socalled real world of practice. We also know that there are precious few trials that compare drugs within a class: COMET [11] came to us as comets often do: alone but full of
Hybrid field orientation and direct torque control for electric vehicle motor drive with an extended Kalman filter

An electric vehicle (EV) drive must feature fast torque response, high efficiency over wide speed and torque ranges, and reasonable cost. This paper proposes an efficient and robust control scheme for a speed sensorless EV with an induction motor. The main control strategy is a hybrid field oriented control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC) which combines the advantages of both FOC and DTC and eliminates certain implementation difficulties. For robust operation above the rated speed, a control scheme for field weakening is developed. Since sensorless control is a lower-cost alternative to the position or speed encoder-based control, an extended Kalman filter based speed estimation method is adopted in the main control strategy. Furthermore, a loss-model-based controller (LMC) is employed to optimize the efficiency of the drive. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Construction of the Pediatric Asthma Impact Scale (PAIS) for the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)

Background. Recently, the National Institutes of Health Roadmap for Medical Research initiative led a large-scale effort to develop the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). PROMIS's main goal was to develop a set of item banks and computerized adaptive tests for the clinical research community. Asthma, as the most common chronic childhood disease, was chosen for a disease-specific pediatric item bank. Objectives. The primary objective of this research is to present the details of the psychometric analyses of the asthma domain items. Methods. Item response theory (IRT) analyses were conducted on a 34–asthma item bank. Test forms containing PROMIS Pediatric Asthma domain items were completed by 622 children ages 8 to 12. Items were subsequently evaluated for local dependence, scale dimensionality, and differential item functioning. Results. A 17-item pool and an 8-item short form for the new PROMIS Pediatric Asthma Impact Scale (PAIS) were generated using IRT. The recommended 8...
Communications: Use of Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis to Rapidly Screen Sauger Broodstock for Sauger–Walleye Hybrids

Abstract To maintain the genetic integrity of their product, hatchery managers and culturists often need to rapidly screen fish that are intended as broodstock for hybridization with closely related species. During March 1995 and 1996, we evaluated the use of cellulose acetate electrophoresis to screen wild saugers Stizostedion canadense from the Peoria Pool of the Illinois River for hybridization with walleyes S. vitreum. Seven of 372 fish (1.9%) in 1995 and 30 of 733 fish (4.1%) in 1996 that had been identified as saugers, based on external morphology and skin pigmentation, were subsequently identified by electrophoresis as sauger–walleye hybrids and were excluded from the breeding program. In addition, polymorphisms at the phosphoglucomutase locus PGM-1* were identified among Illinois River saugers. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis allowed rapid (<30 min) discrimination of saugers from hybrids and promises to be a highly efficient system for screening potential broodstock in a hatchery environment.
A computer model for inter-electrode capacitance-voltage characteristics of an a-Si:H TFT

Abstract The inter-electrode capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin film transistor (TFT) were modeled and measured. The gate or induced channel charge was derived on the basis of the parameters and basic expressions of the static I-V model, which was developed by employing the simpified CFO energy band model and the simplified Davis-Mott energy band model. Analytical expressions for the C-V characteristics of an a-Si:H MIS capacitor were derived and applied to obtain an inter-electrode C-V model of an a-Si:H TFT. For this C-V model, the complicated calculations of the field-dependent mobility is not necessary. The simplified trapping/detrapping mechanism and the frequency variations of the measured capacitances are incorporated. The calculated data were illustrated along with the experimental results.
Near zero emissions oxy-combustion CO2 purification technology

Abstract Oxyfuel combustion CO2 capture technology presents an excellent opportunity for achieving near zero emissions from the coal-fired power plants. In the oxyfuel technology, the volume of flue gas is reduced by a factor of four to five (on a dry basis) due to elimination/reduction of nitrogen from combustion. This reduced volume of CO2-rich flue gas has to be compressed to 25 to 35 bar (a) for purification, thus further reducing the actual volume of flue gas by a factor of 25 to 35. If the equipment for removing trace impurities (SOx, NOx and Hg) is installed downstream of the flue gas compressor, the capital investment could be significantly reduced compared to that for the air-fired operation. Furthermore, by processing the entire volume of flue gas in the CO2 purification unit, it is possible to remove and concentrate the trace impurities in the solid and liquid waste streams and to produce a vent stream with near zero emissions and a high purity CO2 relatively free of trace impurities. Praxair is developing an oxy-combustion flue gas purification technology that will leverage these synergies. This technology will reduce emissions of CO2, SOx and Hg by >99% and NOx emissions by >95% compared to an air-fired pulverized coal power plant. The benefits of the technology include management of air ingress problems, capital and operating cost savings for SOx and NOx removal, reduction in CO2 capture cost and production of high purity CO2 stream for sequestration. These benefits will translate to lower cost of electricity for power plants with CO2 capture. This paper presents the experimental data for the SOx/NOx removal and high CO2 recovery processes and the results of the commercial viability assessment.
Physiological activation of a cortical network during performance of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: A positron emission tomography study

To determine the neural circuitry engaged by performance of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), a neuropsychological test traditionally considered to be sensitive to prefrontal lesions, regional cerebral blood flow was measured with oxygen-15 water and positron emission tomography (PET) while young normal subjects performed the test as well as while they performed a specially designed sensorimotor control task. To consider which of the various cognitive operations and other experiential phenomena involved in the WCST PET scan are critical for the pattern of physiological activation and to focus on the working memory component of the test, repeat WCST scans were also performed on nine of the subjects after instruction on the test and practice to criteria. We confirmed that performance of the WCST engages the frontal cortex and also produces activation of a complex network of regions consistently including the inferior parietal lobule but also involving the visual association and inferior temporal cortices as well as portions of the cerebellum. The WCST activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) remained significant even after training and practice on the test, suggesting that working memory may be largely responsible for the physiological response in DLPFC during the WCST and, conversely, that the DLPFC plays a major role in modulating working memory.
Hemodynamic correlates of stimulus repetition in the visual and auditory cortices: An fMRI study

We examined the effects of stimulus repetition upon the evoked hemodynamic response (HDR) in auditory and visual cortices measured by magnetic resonance imaging in two experiments. Experiment 1 focused on the effects of the interval duration between two identical stimuli on HDR. Pure auditory tones (1000 Hz) of 100-ms duration were presented singly or in pairs with intrapair intervals (IPIs: onset-to-onset) of 1, 4, and 6 s. In Experiment 2, using a within-subject design, we aimed to compare the HDR refractory period in both sensory cortices as well as the HDRs to auditory and visual stimuli. Identical auditory tone as described above and visual stimuli of 500-ms high-contrast checkerboard patterns were presented singly or in identical pairs with an IPI of 1 s. Images were acquired at 1.5 T using a gradient-echo echo-planar imaging sequence sensitive to blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast. Experiment 1 revealed that the HDR evoked by an auditory stimulus is followed by a refractory period of 4-6 s in the auditory cortex, as indicated by smaller HDR amplitudes to the second of each pair of stimuli. Furthermore, peak latency was dependent upon IPI, with longer latencies observed for shorter IPIs. Experiment 2 revealed that the HDR evoked in both sensory cortices by paired stimulus presentations is suppressed and delayed similarly by the refractory effects imposed by the preceding stimulus, suggesting similar refractory properties of the HDR at this specific IPI. We also provide evidence for additional neural resource allocation in response to repeated stimuli.
Production of type specific antisera to poliomyelitis viruses in rabbits.

SummaryA simple and inexpensive method for producing antisera with a high degree of neutralizing capacity for poliomyelitis viruses has been described. By repeated intravenous injection of rabbits with small doses of poliomyelitis viruses grown in tissue culture, antisera with a high degree of homo-typic with little or no heterotypic neutralizing capacity have been produced regularly. Such antisera develop also to a lesser degree the capacity to lyse or agglutinate the cells in culture, in the absence of virus. When testing for heterotypic neutralization, this reaction may mask cross neutralization.
Stress analysis in distal extension partial dentures

Abstract Masticatory stresses exerted on the base of a distal extension partial denture are transmitted to the supporting anatomic structures through contacting parts of the appliance. If the parts are incorrectly designed or constructed, they will alter the direction and force of these masticatory stresses, and may create stresses which are not within the physiologic limits of tissue tolerance. Movement of the denture base as a result of vertical stresses and the displaceability of the mucosa must be recognized and dealt with in tissue-borne appliances. The partial denture should be constructed so this movement is vertical in relation to the supporting bone. Clasps and rests should be designed to allow for this vertical movement of the denture base. Stresses other than those vertical to the abutment teeth should be reciprocated. Reciprocation is best obtained by contact of rigid parts of the partial denture with modified axial surfaces of abutment teeth which are made parallel to each other and to the path of insertion.
Cluster approach to the extended Hubbard model

The eigenvalue problem of the two-site and three-site extended Hubbard Hamiltonian, which contains the intraatomic repulsion $U$, the nearest-neighbor repulsion $V$, the isotropic exchange $J$, the anisotropic exchange ${J}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, the hopping term $t$, the semihopping term $S$, and the double hopping term $D$, has been solved exactly and the grand partition function is obtained. The magnetic and thermodynamic quantities such as the magnetic susceptibility and the specific heat are calculated for arbitrary electron density. Several features believed to have wider validity have been deduced from this cluster model.
The Assessment of Hyperactivity and Attention: Development and preliminary validation of a brief self- assessment of adult ADHD:

A brief self-rating scale, the Assessment of Hyperactivity and Attention (AHA), was developed and validated using a "gold standard" DSM-based semi-structured interview. The sample consisted of 101 smokers (74% male, 73% Caucasian)-38.6% with no DSM-IV ADHD diagnosis, 10.9% with a childhood diagnosis only, and 50.5% with an adult diagnosis (requiring childhood diagnosis as well). The mean age SD was 33.7 9.7; participants smoked a mean of 19.0 5.6 cigarettes/day. Results indicate that the AHA has utility as a screening tool and as a self-report assessment of ADHD with sensitivity of .80, specificity of .60, positive predictive power of .67, negative predictive power of .75, kappa of .40, odds ratio of 6.15, and an area under the curve (receiver operating characteristic analysis) of .79. Given the high rate of ADHD among smokers, the AHA may be useful in identifying smokers who may need more in-depth clinical evaluation for attentional problems.
Phenology-based, remote sensing of post-burn disturbance windows in rangelands

Abstract Wildland fire activity has increased in many parts of the world in recent decades. Ecological disturbance by fire can accelerate ecosystem degradation processes such as erosion due to combustion of vegetation that otherwise provides protective cover to the soil surface. This study employed a novel ecological indicator based on remote sensing of vegetation greenness dynamics (phenology) to estimate variability in the window of time between fire and the reemergence of green vegetation. The indicator was applied as a proxy for short-term, post-fire disturbance windows in rangelands; where a disturbance window is defined as the time required for an ecological or geomorphic process that is altered to return to pre-disturbance levels. We examined variability in the indicator determined for time series of MODIS and AVHRR NDVI remote sensing data for a database of ∼100 historical wildland fires, with associated post-fire reseeding treatments, that burned 1990–2003 in cold desert shrub steppe of the Great Basin and Columbia Plateau of the western USA. The indicator-based estimates of disturbance window length were examined relative to the day of the year that fires burned and seeding treatments to consider effects of contemporary variability in fire regime and management activities in this environment. A key finding was that contemporary changes of increased length of the annual fire season could have indirect effects on ecosystem degradation, as early season fires appeared to result in longer time that soils remained relatively bare of the protective cover of vegetation after fires. Also important was that reemergence of vegetation did not occur more quickly after fire in sites treated with post-fire seeding, which is a strategy commonly employed to accelerate post-fire vegetation recovery and stabilize soil. Future work with the indicator could examine other ecological factors that are dynamic in space and time following disturbance – such as nutrient cycling, carbon storage, microbial community composition, or soil hydrology – as a function of disturbance windows, possibly using simulation modeling and historical wildfire information.
Electronic structure of TiC and NbC: A photoelectron spectroscopy study

Abstract We have examined the electronic structure of TiC 0.93 and NbC 0.92 using photoelectron spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation. The results are compared to the density of initial states determined through several recent band structure calculations.
Socioeconomic status predicts hemispheric specialisation of the left inferior frontal gyrus in young children.

Reading is a complex skill that is not mastered by all children. At the age of 5, on the cusp of prereading development, many factors combine to influence a child's future reading success, including neural and behavioural factors such as phonological awareness and the auditory processing of phonetic input, and environmental factors, such as socioeconomic status (SES). We investigated the interactions between these factors in 5-year-old children by administering a battery of standardised cognitive and linguistic tests, measuring SES with a standardised scale, and using fMRI to record neural activity during a behavioral task, rhyming, that is predictive of reading skills. Correlation tests were performed, and then corrected for multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate (FDR) procedure. It emerged that only one relationship linking neural with behavioural or environmental factors survived as significant after FDR correction: a correlation between SES and the degree of hemispheric specialisation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), a region which includes Broca's area. This neural–environmental link remained significant even after controlling for the children's scores on the standardised language and cognition tests. In order to investigate possible environmental influences on the left IFG further, grey and white matter volumes were calculated. Marginally significant correlations with SES were found, indicating that environmental effects may manifest themselves in the brain anatomically as well as functionally. Collectively, these findings suggest that the weaker language skills of low-SES children are related to reduced underlying neural specialisation, and that these neural problems go beyond what is revealed by behavioural tests alone.
The London Sunday Advertiser and its Immediate Successors

(1963). The London Sunday Advertiser and its Immediate Successors. Business History: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 109-117.
Rewiring the stress response: A new paradigm for health care

In describing the conceptual basis of a stress intervention method, Emotional Brain Training (EBT), a program which integrates advances in neuroscience and stress physiology, we propose a new paradigm for health care. Many health care treatments focus on managing symptoms of stressrelated disorders. In modern society stress is primarily psychological in nature and in its chronic form, the result of allostatic (non-homeostatic) neural circuits that amplify and prolong stress. The result is cognitive, emotional, behavioral and physiologic dysregulation resulting in wear and tear (allostatic load). The effectiveness of treating any one stress symptom is likely decreased because of the persistent allostatic state. Emerging understanding of neuroplasticity suggests that this circuitry is capable of change. EBT is based on the repeated use of techniques that mirror secure attachment and optimal self-regulatory processing to alter allostatic circuits through the process of reconsolidation, therefore decreasing allostatic load. This results in an improved state of well-being. We hypothesize that decreased dominance of allostatic neuronal circuits leads to improved health outcomes, offering a new paradigm for health care. 1
The effect of terminal chain modifications on the mesomorphic properties of 4,4′-disubstituted diphenyldiacetylenes

A variety of terminal chain modifications (Y) were made on the diacetylenes in which X=C n H2n+1, C12H25O and F, and Y=CH2CH(Me)C2H5, COCH3, C≡CC5H11, C n F2n+1 C n H2n+1 and CH=CHCO2C3H7. Mesomorphic properties were determined by hot stage polarizing microscopy and DSC. These were compared with those for the dialkyl analogues (X=C m H2 m +1, Y=C n H2 n +1) and a series of 1- and 2-olefins (Y=CH=CHC n H2 n +1 and CH2CH=CHC n H2 n +1). The 1-olefin series showed wider range nematics than the dialkyl compounds, whereas the above modifications showed either narrow range nematic phases, no mesophase or higher melting temperatures. New transition temperature and enthalpy data are provided for some of the dialkyl and F-alkyl compounds previously reported, for comparisons. Preliminary birefringence data are also included along with the results of some heat and UV stability studies. 10.1080/02678290410001666084-TLCT_A_9611737_O_fig6 10.1080/02678290410001666084-TLCT_A_9611737_O_fig7
Three-dimensional effects on pure tone fan noise due to inflow distortion

Two dimensional, quasi three dimensional and three dimensional theories for the prediction of pure tone fan noise due to the interaction of inflow distortion with a subsonic annular blade row were studied with the aid of an unsteady three dimensional lifting surface theory. The effects of compact and noncompact source distributions on pure tone fan noise in an annular cascade were investigated. Numerical results show that the strip theory and quasi three-dimensional theory are reasonably adequate for fan noise prediction. The quasi three-dimensional method is more accurate for acoustic power and model structure prediction with an acoustic power estimation error of about plus or minus 2db.
A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Cognitive Styles in Chinese and American Children

Abstract Une epreuve adaptee du Sigel Cognitive Style Test a ete appliquee a 316 eleves americains et 221 eleves chinois (Taiwan) du quatrieme et cinquieme degre de l'ecole elementaire. Il etait suppose que, par rapport a leurs condisciples chinois, les ecoliers americains obtiendraient des resultats 1) superieurs pour le style descriptif-analytique; 2) inferieurs pour le style descriptif-global; 5) inferieurs pour le mode relation-contexte; 4) superieurs pour le style inference-categorie. Les resultats ont confirme les hypotheses (1), (3) et (4) pour les deux niveaux scolaires et pour les garcons aussi bien que les jeunes filles. On a pu conclure que les eleves chinois ont prefere categoriser les stimuli selon leur interdependance ou leurs rapports, tandis que les sujets americains ont classifie les stimuli D'apres les caracteristiques inferees de ces stimuli, en analysant les composantes observables de l'assemblage-stimulus.
SU‐E‐T‐528: Thermal Tomography for Skin Toxicity Prediction in Radiotherapy: Effect of Surface Heat Penetration

Purpose: Dermal side effects of breast cancerradiotherapy vary from minor erythema to moist desquamation, and are difficult to predict. While the worst skin reactions can necessitate treatment breaks thereby worsening treatment outcome, skin‐sparing measures such as IMRT or topical treatments are widely considered too costly to distribute universally. We have previously presented a method of evaluating skin reactions shortly after exposure (3–5 days) with three‐dimensional thermal tomography. The resultant thermal effusivity is a property which appears to be correlated to peak skin reaction at a later date. The analyzable depth was limited by assumptions that all heat from the flash prior to imaging is deposited on the surface. In this study we explore improvements to reconstruction method which models heat penetration. Methods: Eleven hairless mice irradiated to a 40Gy regional skindose in a single fraction were imaged daily by a 2.5 ms flash followed by ∼6 s infrared image acquisition. Sequential infrared images were used to calculate the depth‐effusivity distribution for each pixel using custom software. The relative mean effusivity within the treated area and the contralateral control were compared to the eventual severity of skin reaction. Results: Modeling of the temperature penetration of the flash allowed calculation of effusivity at shallow depths, which were previously impossible. At depth, a drop in relative effusivity between the irradiated and control areas occurred earlier in mice which eventually developed moist desquamation (mean 1.7 days post irradiation) than those that did not (mean 4.4 days post irradiation). At newly viewable shallow depths, the relative effusivity rose shortly before erythema occurred. Conclusion: In prior work, it was found that effusivity at depth 0.3–0.6 mm was predictive of clinical endpoint in hairless mice. We can now view shallow slices which are more sensitive to spatial variation and may yield stronger predictive power. Support provided by a grant from the Brian Piccolo Cancer Research Foundation
Pharyngeal jaw morphology and homology in Sicydiine Gobies (Teleostei: Gobiidae) and allies.

An extremely large number of fifth ceratobranchial teeth, with highly modified, striated, and hooked tips were observed in the central and western Pacific sicydiine goby genus Stiphodon.A scanning electron microscopic study of the form and arrangement of fifth ceratobranchial teeth was conducted to assess the distribution of these modifications in sicydiine gobies and their putative close relatives. Our goals were to explore a new set of characters in gobioid systematics, to test sicydiine monophyly, and to test hypotheses of relationships of sicydiine gobies. Sicydiines are hypothesized herein to be most closely related to the western Pacific Tukugobius and Rhinogobius,freshwater genera with which they share thickened pelvic-fin rays, no teeth on the anterior portion of the fifth ceratobranchial bones, fifth ceratobranchial teeth with differentiated and striated tips, and overlapping anterior rami of the fifth ceratobranchial bones. The latter two characters occur in some, but not all, sicydiines. The pantropical freshwater goby Awaous,often classified with sicydiines, is not considered the closest relative of the subfamily. The highly modified fifth ceratobranchials of Stiphodon are similar to, and concluded here to be homoplasious with, those of the mudflat-dwelling New World goby Evorthodus and the Indo-west Pacific oxudercine gobies, represented in this study by Pseudapocryptes. J. Morphol. 237:257-274, 1998. Published 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Renormalization of Gauge Affine Gravity

Abstract We outline a proof of the renormalizability of a non-riemannian model, based on gauging GL(4, R ), in which Einstein's gravity dominates the low-energy region through a Goldstone-Higgs spontaneous symmetry breakdown mechanism. Whereas in other models of gravity, renormalizability, when proved, is the result of 1 p 4 unitarity-violating propagators, in the present case it follows instead from the Yang-Mills-like features of the theory.
Verbal Counting Moderates Perceptual Biases Found in Children's Cardinality Judgments

A crucial component of numerical understanding is one's ability to abstract numerical properties regardless of varying perceptual attributes. Evidence from numerical match-to-sample tasks suggests that children find it difficult to match sets based on number in the face of varying perceptual attributes, yet it is unclear whether these findings are indicative of incomplete numerical abstraction abilities early in development or instead are driven by specific demands of the matching task. In this study, we explored whether perceptual biases would be found in data from a numerical task invoking verbal representations of number and whether these biases are moderated by verbal counting behavior. Three- to 6-year-old children classified as proficient counters (cardinal principle knowers) participated in a number cardinality task in which they were asked to identify which of 2 arrays—either perceptually homogeneous or heterogeneous in appearance—contained a specific number of animals (e.g., “12 animals”). Result...
Specificity in the genetic code. The role of nucleotide base-amino acid interaction.

The mechanism of the unique and specific association of a given amino acid to its t-RNA is investigated by theoretical methods. Several possible schemes are proposed to explain specificity. The physical forces which act within these mechanisms are illustrated by the computer simulation of probable interactions between glycine and nucleotide bases and base pairs. It is demonstrated that glycine has direct and selective affinities for the nucleotide bases and that these interactions are principally determined by the polar groups. Energies have been calculated for the interaction of glycine with several base pairs. From these, the possibility that specificity arises through direct complexing of an amino acid with its anticodon is evaluated.
Bronchodilator characteristics of nebulized metaproterenol sulfate, isoetharine, and atropine in chronic asthma.

Abstract A randomized double-blind comparison of aerosolized META, ISO, ATR, and PI solutions delivered by motorized mist nebulizer was conducted in subjects with known reversible airway obstruction. Vital signs and spirometric parameters were monitored sequentially during each of four 6 hr test periods. Abstention from all medication was required for at least 12 hr before each test period. Baseline percent predicted FEV 1 and FEF 25–75 among subjects for all test periods were statistically similar. Compared to the other agents tested META treatment (15 mg) resulted in significantly improved global response and higher mean percent increases in FEV 1 and FEF 25–75 over the entire test period as well as at individual measurement points up to 4 hr for FEV 1 and 5 hr for FEF 25–75 . Peak FEV 1 and FEF 25–75 values with META treatment were noted at 30 min and persisted above baseline during the entire 6 hr. ATR (2 mg) treatment resulted in later onset of bronchodilatory effect and, as with ISO (125 μg), more rapid diminution in measured response. Administration of saline alone resulted in a net 9% increase in FEV 1 and 11 % in FEF 25–75 over the entire test period. Clinically insignificant tremor was noted in 41 % of META-treated subjects. Delivery of META by a motorized mist nebulizer provides safe, effective bronchodilation and META is superior to the other agents tested in terms of onset of action, peak reversal of airway obstruction, and duration of effect.