cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Internal Resonances in Weakly Nonlinearly Coupled Oscillators with Slowly Varying Parameters

The present paper considers the problem of internal resonances in a system of two linear oscillators which are weakly nonlinearly coupled. The system parameters such as the uncoupled frequencies of the oscillators vary slowly in time so that internal resonances prevail only temporarily. One issue of interest in such problems is how the presence of nonlinear coupling affects the adiabatic invariance of the individual actions of the two oscillators. The purpose of this paper is to give a method to investigate this issue quite generally, without assuming special forms of temporal variations of the uncoupled frequencies of the two oscillators and without considering the details of the transition region corresponding to an internal resonance. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das Problem der inneren Resonanzen in einem System zweier schwach nichtlinear gekoppelter linearer Oszillatoren betrachtet. Die Systemparameter, wie etwa die ungekoppelten Frequenzen der Oszillatoren, andern sich zeitlich langsam, so das innere Resonanzen nur zeitweise vorherrschen. Ein interessanter Kernpunkt bei solchen Problemen besteht darin, wie das Vorhandensein nichtlinearer Kopplung die adiabatische Invarianz des individuellen Verhaltens der beiden Oszillatoren beeinflust. Anliegen dieser Arbeit ist es, eine Methode zur vollig allgemeinen Untersuchung dieses Kernpunktes anzugeben, ohne dabei spezielle Formen zeitlicher Veranderungen der ungekoppelten Frequenzen der beiden Oszillatoren anzunehmen und ohne Details des Ubergangsbereiches zu betrachten, der einer inneren Resonanz entspricht.
A DNA Variant within the MYO7A Promoter Regulates YY1 Transcription Factor Binding and Gene Expression Serving as a Potential Dominant DFNA11 Auditory Genetic Modifier

Mutations within MYO7A can lead to recessive and dominant forms of inherited hearing loss. We previously identified a large pedigree (referred to as the HL2 family) with hearing loss that first impacts the low and mid frequencies segregating a dominant MYO7A mutation in exon 17 at DNA residue G2164C. The MYO7AG2164C mutation predicts a nonconservative glycine-to-arginine (G722R) amino acid substitution at a highly conserved glycine residue. The degree of low and mid frequency hearing loss varies markedly in the family, suggesting the presence of a genetic modifier that either rescues or exacerbates the primary MYO7AG2164C mutation. Here we describe a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) T/C at position −4128 in the wild-type MYO7A promoter allele that sorts with the degree of hearing loss severity in the pedigree. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis indicates that the SNP differentially regulates the binding of the YY1 transcription factor with the T−4128 allele creating an YY1 binding site. Immunocytochemistry demonstrates that Yy1 is expressed in hair cell nuclei within the cochlea. Given that Myo7a is also expressed in cochlear hair cells, Yy1 shows the appropriate localization to regulate Myo7a transcription within the inner ear. YY1 appears to be acting as a transcriptional repressor as the MYO7A promoter allele containing the T−4128 SNP drives 41 and 46% less reporter gene expression compared with the C−4128 SNP in the ARPE-19 and HeLa cell lines, respectively. The T−4128 SNP may be contributing to the severe hearing loss phenotype in the HL2 pedigree by reducing expression of the wild-type MYO7A allele.
The profitability of asset sales as an explanation of asset divestitures

Abstract Using Korean fixed asset divestiture data, I extend the investigation of the financing hypothesis of divestitures proposed by Lang et al. (Lang, L., Poulsen, A., Stulz, R., 1995. Asset sales, firm performance, and the agency costs of managerial discretion, Journal of Financial Economics 37, 3.37). In particular, I take into account the profitability of announced asset divestitures and I employ a unique sample constructed to avoid effects that might confound the results. I also take into account the financial condition of the selling firms. The results are consistent with the financing hypothesis proposed by Lang et al. and show that the financing hypothesis of divestitures is robust to controls for the profitability of asset sales and the financial condition of selling firms.
Primary hypothyroidism with intracranial hypertension and pituitary hyperplasia

A 12-year-old girl presented with primary hypothyroidism, secondary pituitary hyperplasia, and intracranial hypertension. Cranial computed tomography revealed a sellar mass with suprasellar extension. She responded to medical treatment. Intracranial hypertension may be associated with primary hypothyroidism prior to thyroxine treatment. Because significant pituitary hyperplasia can be associated with primary hypothyroidism, it is vital to have endocrine investigation prior to consideration of surgical removal of an apparent pituitary tumor.
The potential impact of summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) aquaculture on regional flounder price

Abstract Increasing consumer demand for flounder and dramatic reductions in ocean flounder harvests have raised interest in summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) aquaculture. Flounder farmers have several potential markets, including regional seafood dealers and high‐end niche (e.g., sashimi and ike‐jime) buyers. Prices paid by buyers are exogenous to typical aquacultural budgeting models, yet they are a key determinant of potential profitability. We develop a simple economic model to assess the impacts of aquaculture industry supply on prices paid by regional seafood dealers. The model is parameterized for a region with established flounder dealers and active field research in flounder production methods. We derive the price elasticity of regional seafood dealer demand for farmed flounder, and we examine the impacts of changes in production cost and ocean harvest on regional price and the level of aquacultural production that maximizes returns to the aquaculture industry.
A plasma flow velocity boundary at Mars from the disappearance of electron plasma oscillations

The Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) on the Mars Express (MEX) spacecraft is capable of measuring ionospheric electron density by the use of two main methods: remote radar sounding and from the excitation of local plasma oscillations. The frequency of the locally excited electron plasma oscillations is used to measure the local electron density. However, plasma oscillations are not observed when the plasma flow velocity is higher than about 160 km/s, which occurs mainly in the solar wind and magnetosheath. As a consequence, in many passes, there is a sudden disappearance of the plasma oscillations as the spacecraft enters into the magnetosheath. This fact allows us to identify a flow velocity boundary on the dayside, between the ionosphere of Mars and the shocked solar wind. This paper summarizes the results of the measurement of 552 orbits mostly over a period from August 4, 2005 to August 17, 2007. The boundary points found using MARSIS have been verified by measurements from the Analyzer of Space Plasma and Energetic Atoms (ASPERA-3) Electron Spectrometer (ELS) instrument on Mars Express. The average position of the flow velocity boundary is compared to flow velocity simulations computed using hybrid model and other boundaries. The boundary altitude is slightly lower than the magnetic pile-up boundary determined using Phobos 2 and Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) crossings, but it is in good agreement with the induced magnetospheric boundary determined by ASPERA-3. Investigation of the effect of the crustal magnetic field revealed that the flow velocity boundary is raised at the locations with strong crustal magnetic fields.
Antiparkinsonian therapies and brain mitochondrial complex I activity

Alterations in complex I activity, one of the enzymatic units of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, have been demonstrated in different tissues from patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Subsequently, we showed that the chronic administration of levodopa can cause alterations in mitochondrial respiratory chain activity in rats, which suggests that the observed deficit in complex I activity in PD might be, at least in part, related to chronic levodopa therapy. Our study assessed the in vitro effects of different antiparkinsonian agents on complex I activity in rat brain. As previously reported, both levodopa and dopamine inhibit complex I activity in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the two major metabolites of dopamine, homovanillic acid and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid as well as 3-O-methyl-dopa, had little or no effect on complex I activities. Bromocriptine, pergolide, trihexyphenidyl, molindone, and clozapine were all without significant inhibitory effects on mitochondrial function. Although vitamin C and deprenyl did not alter complex I activity, they did prevent the inhibitory effect of both levodopa and dopamine on complex I activity. This work indicates that among the different and usual antiparkinsonian agents, only levodopa and dopamine induced reductions in complex I activity. It also indicates that vitamin C and deprenyl are both effective in preventing the levodopa-induced complex I inhibition. This latter finding provides further support to the use of antioxidants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors as therapeutic strategies in attempts to slow the progression of PD.
In vitro activation and enzyme kinetic analysis of recombinant midgut serine proteases from the Dengue vector mosquito Aedes aegypti

Background: The major Dengue virus vector Aedes aegypti requires nutrients obtained from blood meal proteins to complete the gonotrophic cycle. Although bioinformatic analyses of Ae. aegypti midgut serine proteases have provided evolutionary insights, very little is known about the biochemical activity of these digestive enzymes. Results: We used peptide specific antibodies to show that midgut serine proteases are expressed as zymogen precursors, which are cleaved to the mature form after blood feeding. Since midgut protein levels are insufficient to purify active proteases directly from blood fed mosquitoes, we engineered recombinant proteins encoding a heterologous enterokinase cleavage site to permit generation of the bona fide mature form of four midgut serine proteases (AaET, AaLT, AaSPVI, AaSPVII) for enzyme kinetic analysis. Cleavage of the chromogenic trypsin substrate BApNA showed that AaET has a catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) that is ~30 times higher than bovine trypsin, and ~2-3 times higher than AaSPVI and AaSPVII, however, AaLT does not cleave BApNA. To measure the enzyme activities of the mosquito midgut proteases using natural substrates, we developed a quantitative cleavage assay based on cleavage of albumin and hemoglobin proteins. These studies revealed that the recombinant AaLT enzyme was indeed catalytically active, and cleaved albumin and hemoglobin with equivalent efficiency to that of AaET, AaSPVI, and AaSPVII. Structural modeling of the AaLT and AaSPVI mature forms indicated that AaLT is most similar to serine collagenases, whereas AaSPVI appears to be a classic trypsin. Conclusions: These data show that in vitro activation of recombinant serine proteases containing a heterologous enterokinase cleavage site can be used to investigate enzyme kinetics and substrate cleavage properties of biologically important mosquito proteases.
Phase II Study of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy in the Management of High-Risk, High-Grade, Soft Tissue Sarcomas of the Extremities and Body Wall: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Trial 9514

Purpose On the basis of a positive reported single-institution pilot study, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group initiated phase II trial 9514 to evaluate its neoadjuvant regimen in a multi-institutional Intergroup setting. Patients and Methods Eligibility included a high-grade soft tissue sarcoma ≥ 8 cm in diameter of the extremities and body wall. Patients received three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT; modified mesna, doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and dacarbazine [MAID]), interdigitated preoperative radiation therapy (RT; 44 Gy administered in split courses), and three cycles of postoperative CT (modified MAID). Results Sixty-six patients were enrolled, of whom 64 were analyzed. Seventy-nine percent of patients completed their preoperative CT and 59% completed all planned CT. Three patients (5%) experienced fatal grade 5 toxicities (myelodysplasias, two patients; infection, one patient). Another 53 patients (83%) experienced grade 4 toxicities; 78% experienced grade 4 hematologic toxicity and 19% exp...
Current Status and Prospects for a Helicobacter pylori Vaccine

Helicobacter pylori infection contributes to a variety of gastric diseases. H pylori-associated gastric cancer is diagnosed in advanced stages, and a vaccine against H pylori is desirable in parts of the world where gastric cancer remains a common form of cancer. Some of the strategies of vaccine development used in animals have been tested in several phase 3 clinical trials; these trials have been largely unsuccessful, although H pylori-specific immune responses have been induced. New insights into promoting immunity and overcoming the immunosuppressive nature of H pylori infection are required to improve the efficacy of an H pylori vaccine.
Gateways in the Flow of Capital and Culture: Hong Kong and New York as World Cities

This comparison of Hong Kong and New York City refines our understanding of globalization by examining how structurally similar processes unfold differently in cities which vary in terms of regional political–economy and metropolitan culture. The gateway city concept accounts for the interaction of global and local forces rather than conceiving of globalization as a hegemonic “top–down” process. Local actors such as city officials, urban planners and culture producers may influence the pace and direction of globalization. Various culture industries are emerging along with capital-intensive producer services as leading sectors of the postindustrial economy in the global era. [Globalization, gateways, culture, capital, postindustrialism]
Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Relationship With Caveolae and Caveolin After Initial Agonist Stimulation

Abstract —Caveolae are membrane domains that have been implicated in signal transduction, and caveolins are major structural components of these domains. We found that all reported caveolin isoforms (caveolin-1, -2, and -3) were expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs); however, only caveolin-1 mRNA was regulated by angiotensin II (Ang II). Ang II (100 nmol/L) increased caveolin-1 mRNA, with a peak at 2 hours (193±6% of control, P P 35 S]Methionine labeling showed that Ang II increased caveolin biosynthesis (226±33% of control labeling at 4 hours), suggesting that the transient decrease in caveolin protein levels is due to increased degradation. When cells were fractionated with sucrose, on agonist stimulation, AT 1 receptors appeared in fraction 5 where caveolin was fractionated. This migration was blocked by low temperature and treatment with phenylarsine oxide, interventions that interfere with agonist-induced Ang II type 1 (AT 1 ) receptor sequestration and tonic phase signaling. In addition, caveolin-1 coimmunoprecipitates with AT 1 receptor only on agonist stimulation. These data support the concept that the caveola is a specialized signaling domain in VSMCs that can be dynamically accessed by the AT 1 receptor. Because of the signaling and coupling proteins that are localized in caveolae and because of evidence that these proteins may interact directly with caveolin, caveola–AT 1 receptor interaction likely represents an important focus for dynamic control of receptor signaling in VSMCs.
On Bayesian interpretation of fact-finding in information networks

When information sources are unreliable, information networks have been used in data mining literature to uncover facts from large numbers of complex relations between noisy variables. The approach relies on topology analysis of graphs, where nodes represent pieces of (unreliable) information and links represent abstract relations. Such topology analysis was often empirically shown to be quite powerful in extracting useful conclusions from large amounts of poor-quality information. However, no systematic analysis was proposed for quantifying the accuracy of such conclusions. In this paper, we present, for the first time, a Bayesian interpretation of the basic mechanism used in fact-finding from information networks. This interpretation leads to a direct quantification of the accuracy of conclusions obtained from information network analysis. Hence, we provide a general foundation for using information network analysis not only to heuristically extract likely facts, but also to quantify, in an analytically-founded manner, the probability that each fact or source is correct. Such probability constitutes a measure of quality of information (QoI). Hence, the paper presents a new foundation for QoI analysis in information networks, that is of great value in deriving information from unreliable sources. The framework is applied to a representative fact-finding problem, and is validated by extensive simulation where analysis shows significant improvement over past work and great correspondence with ground truth.
Measurement of handedness in multiwalled carbon nanotubes by electron diffraction

It is shown that the intensities of electron diffraction from a commensurate multiwalled carbon nanotube are sensitive to the angle of rotation of the nanotube about its axis. This dependence is usable to measure the handedness of the commensurate graphene shells of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The period of intensity oscillation of the scattering intensity for graphene shells of the same handedness is much larger than that for nanotube shells of opposite handedness. By examining the angular dependence of the scattering intensities, the relative handedness, having the same or opposite handedness, of the commensurate shells can, therefore, be determined.
Generalized lymphadenopathy with cystic spleen lesions: a rare presentation of tuberculosis

A 28-year-old HIV-negative black male from Ethiopia, with no significant medical history, presented for a lump on the left side of his neck since 5 months ago. Associated symptoms were fever, night sweats and a 4.5-kg weight loss (15% of weight). He had immigrated to the USA 5 years before presentation and had not left the country since he moved. He was not using any drugs and was in a monogamous relationship with his wife. Physical examination was unremarkable except for multiple large spongy and rubbery lymph nodes on the left side of the neck, bilateral axillaries and multiple insignificant inguinal lymph nodes bilaterally. Hepatosplenomegaly and tenderness in the left upper quadrant were appreciated. Computed tomography (CT) of the neck, thorax and abdomen with contrast revealed multiple cystic lymph nodes in the neck, chest and abdomen, and multiple cystic lesions in the spleen and liver. A left axillary lymph node excisional biopsy showed caseating granuloma. Acid-fast and fungal stains of the specimen were negative. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was isolated from a biopsied lymph node 2 months later. It was reported pan-susceptible to all four first-line anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs. Following 6 months of treatment, the patient made a full recovery (Figures 1 and 2). Splenic involvement in TB is a rare clinical condition and is difficult to diagnose. Although the TB case rate has decreased
The case for resilient overlay networks

This paper makes the case for Resilient Overlay Networks (RONs), an application-level routing and packet forwarding service that gives end-hosts and applications the ability to take advantage of network paths that traditional Internet routing cannot make use of, thereby improving their end-to-end reliability and performance. Using RON, nodes participating in a distributed Internet application configure themselves into an overlay network and cooperatively forward packets for each other. Each RON node monitors the quality of the links in the underlying Internet and propagates this information to the other nodes; this enables a RON to detect and react to path failures within several seconds rather than several minutes, and allows it to select application-specific paths based on performance. We argue that RON has the potential to substantially improve the resilience of distributed Internet applications to path outages and sustained overload.
Reduction of coding artifacts in transform image coding

The problem of image decompression is cast as an ill-posed inverse problem, and a stochastic regularization technique is used to form a well-posed reconstruction algorithm. A statistical model for the image which incorporates the convex Huber minimax function is proposed. The use of the Huber minimax function rho T(.) helps to maintain the discontinuities from the original image which produces high-resolution edge boundaries. Since rho T(.) is convex, the resulting multidimensional minimization problem is a constrained convex optimization problem. The maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation technique that is proposed results in the constrained optimization of a convex functional. The proposed image decompression algorithm produces reconstructed images which greatly reduced the noticeable artifacts which exist using standard techniques. >
On the throughput region of single and two-way multi-hop fading networks with relay piggybacking

One and two-way communication strategies are studied in a two-hop model in which the intermediate node (relay) piggybacks data packets intended for the end-users. Assuming quasi-static fading channels, memoryless processing at all the nodes and no latency constraints, the region of simultaneously achievable throughputs for the two end-users and the relay, measured in reliably transmitted bits per second per Hz, is investigated. For both one-way and two-way transmission, outer and inner bounds to the throughput region are derived. The considered achievable strategies involve type-I HARQ, Decode-and-Forward and joint or superposition encoding at the relay. The trade-off between the user and relay throughputs is analyzed and studied via numerical simulations, yielding insight into optimal design choices.
JanusVF: Adaptive Fiducial Selection

Critical limitations exist in the currently available commercial tracking technologies for fully-enclosed virtual reality (VR) systems. While several 6DOF solutions can be adapted for fully-enclosed spaces, they still include elements of hardware that can interfere with the users visual experience. JanusVF introduced a tracking solution for fully-enclosed VR displays that achieves comparable performance to available commercial solutions but without artifacts that obscure the users view. In this paper we extend JanusVF by exploring two new methods for selecting the fiducials to be displayed. The first method creates an additional offset grid of fiducials for each original resolution. The algorithm selects fiducials from the grid that yields more visible markers. The second method selects multiple resolutions of markers per wall by intersecting the cameras view frustum with the display surface. The resulting area is populated with fiducials by a quadtree subdivision. Comparison results show that the positional error has been reduced.
Diverse Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Dairy Cow Manure

Application of manure from antibiotic-treated animals to crops facilitates the dissemination of antibiotic resistance determinants into the environment. However, our knowledge of the identity, diversity, and patterns of distribution of these antibiotic resistance determinants remains limited. We used a new combination of methods to examine the resistome of dairy cow manure, a common soil amendment. Metagenomic libraries constructed with DNA extracted from manure were screened for resistance to beta-lactams, phenicols, aminoglycosides, and tetracyclines. Functional screening of fosmid and small-insert libraries identified 80 different antibiotic resistance genes whose deduced protein sequences were on average 50 to 60% identical to sequences deposited in GenBank. The resistance genes were frequently found in clusters and originated from a taxonomically diverse set of species, suggesting that some microorganisms in manure harbor multiple resistance genes. Furthermore, amid the great genetic diversity in manure, we discovered a novel clade of chloramphenicol acetyltransferases. Our study combined functional metagenomics with third-generation PacBio sequencing to significantly extend the roster of functional antibiotic resistance genes found in animal gut bacteria, providing a particularly broad resource for understanding the origins and dispersal of antibiotic resistance genes in agriculture and clinical settings. IMPORTANCE The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance among bacteria is one of the most intractable challenges in 21st-century public health. The origins of resistance are complex, and a better understanding of the impacts of antibiotics used on farms would produce a more robust platform for public policy. Microbiomes of farm animals are reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes, which may affect distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in human pathogens. Previous studies have focused on antibiotic resistance genes in manures of animals subjected to intensive antibiotic use, such as pigs and chickens. Cow manure has received less attention, although it is commonly used in crop production. Here, we report the discovery of novel and diverse antibiotic resistance genes in the cow microbiome, demonstrating that it is a significant reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes. The genomic resource presented here lays the groundwork for understanding the dispersal of antibiotic resistance from the agroecosystem to other settings.
Operative Experience of U.S. General Surgery Residents with Diseases of the Adrenal Glands, Endocrine Pancreas, and Other Less Common Endocrine Organs

The aim of this study was to determine if the experience of general surgery residents is adequate and effective. The Resident Statistic Summaries (Report C) of the Residence Review Committee (Surgery) for eight academic years from 1986 to 1994 were analyzed. The main outcome measurements were total number of residents and programs, average number of operations performed, maximum number of operations performed, standard deviation, and the most common number of operations performed. For adrenalectomy, the average per resident was 0.98. The maximum range was from 7 to 15. The standard deviations ranged from 1.12 to 2.00. For pancreatic endocrine operations the average per resident was 0.15 with maximums of 3 to 10. For other endocrine procedures (nonthyroid and nonparathyroid) the average per resident was 0.14, with the maximums ranging from 7 to 19. The most common number of any of these procedures performed by U.S. graduates was 0. The number of adrenal, endocrine pancreas, and other less common endocrine procedures available for graduates of U.S. residency training programs is limited. As a consequence, most U.S. resident graduates have little or no experience with any of these procedures. Our findings suggest a strong need for fellowship training for any surgeon hoping to develop expertise in the management of these unusual and infrequent endocrine surgical diseases.
Body mass index and asthma incidence in the Black Women's Health Study.

Background Evidence from prospective studies consistently links obesity to asthma onset in white women, although there is controversy as to whether the association is causal. There are few data on this topic in black women, among whom the prevalence of obesity and asthma is high. Objective We prospectively assessed the relation of body mass index (BMI) to asthma incidence in the Black Women's Health Study. Methods We followed 46,435 women from 1995 through 2005 with biennial mailed questionnaires. Cox regression models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios and 95% CIs. Results During 403,394 person-years of follow-up, 1068 participants reported physician-diagnosed asthma and concurrent use of asthma medication. Compared with women with BMIs of 20 to 24, the multivariate incidence rate ratios for higher categories of BMI increased from 1.26 (95% CI, 1.05-1.51) for BMIs of 25 to 29 to 2.85 (95% CI, 2.19-3.72) for BMIs of 40 or greater, with a significant trend. The association of BMI with asthma risk was consistent across strata of smoking status, age, presence of sleep apnea, parental history of asthma, BMI at age 18 years, and energy expenditure and intake. Conclusion In this large cohort of African American women, there was a positive association between BMI and asthma risk that was similar in magnitude to those observed in longitudinal studies of white women.
A histone methylation network regulates transgenerational epigenetic memory in C. elegans.

How epigenetic information is transmitted from generation to generation remains largely unknown. Deletion of the C. elegans histone H3 lysine 4 dimethyl (H3K4me2) demethylase spr-5 leads to inherited accumulation of the euchromatic H3K4me2 mark and progressive decline in fertility. Here, we identified multiple chromatin-modifying factors, including H3K4me1/me2 and H3K9me3 methyltransferases, an H3K9me3 demethylase, and an H3K9me reader, which either suppress or accelerate the progressive transgenerational phenotypes of spr-5 mutant worms. Our findings uncover a network of chromatin regulators that control the transgenerational flow of epigenetic information and suggest that the balance between euchromatic H3K4 and heterochromatic H3K9 methylation regulates transgenerational effects on fertility.
Student power in a global perspective and contemporary trends in student organising

Students, if organised into representative student governments or movements, can be a highly influential agency shaping higher education policy. This article introduces the Special Issue on student power in a global perspective, which addresses the question of how students are organised in different world regions and what role they play in higher education policymaking within universities or at the national level. The article discusses conceptual considerations in the study of student governments and movements and reviews the contemporary trends in student organising globally.
Husserls Beweis für den transzendentalen Idealismus

Nachdem Husserl in seinen Vorlesungen vom Wintersemester 1906/07 und vom Sommersemester 1907 die phanomenologische Reduktion auf die absolute Gegebenheit des reinen Bewusstseins und seiner intentionalen Korrelate vollzogen hatte, zog er im Jahr darauf in Forschungsmanuskripten die in dieser Methode liegenden metaphysischen Konsequenzen, und dies in Form eines „Beweises“ fur den transzendentalen bzw.
Einstellung: Knowledge of the Phenomenon Facilitates Problem Solving:

If subjects are given a series of problems that all have the same type of solution, they often have great difficulty with a subsequent problem that would ordinarily be solved very easily. This phen...
D-D Neutron and X-Ray Yields from High-Power Deuterium Beam Injectors

Calculations are made of 2.5-MeV neutron yields via D--D reactions from various beam line components, including beam targets and a neutralizer gas cell, and of x-ray generation from accelerator columns in deuterium beam injectors of various energies from 40 to 200 keV, with accelerator powers ranging from 2 to 20 MW per beam line. The calculated neutron intensities from the neutral beam injector systems for present and future fusion research are in the range between 10/sup 11/ and 10/sup 13/ n/s and warrant biological shielding in most cases, even for low duty cycle operation. X radiation from the accelerator columns becomes a health physics concern only for injectors with energy higher than approx. 100 keV.
Optogenetics-enabled dynamic modulation of action potential duration in atrial tissue: feasibility of a novel therapeutic approach

Aims Diseases that abbreviate the cardiac action potential (AP) by increasing the strength of repolarizing transmembrane currents are highly arrhythmogenic. It has been proposed that optogenetic tools could be used to restore normal AP duration (APD) in the heart under such disease conditions. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of an optogenetic treatment modality for prolonging pathologically shortened APs in a detailed computational model of short QT syndrome (SQTS) in the human atria, and compare it to drug treatment. Methods and results We used a human atrial myocyte model with faster repolarization caused by SQTS; light sensitivity was inscribed via the presence of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). We conducted simulations in single cells and in a magnetic resonance imaging-based model of the human left atrium (LA). Application of an appropriate optical stimulus to a diseased cell dynamically increased APD, producing an excellent match to control AP ( 5 mV deviation). Under idealized conditions in the LA (uniform ChR2-expressing cell distribution, no light attenuation), optogenetics-based therapy outperformed chloroquine treatment (APD increased to 87% and 81% of control). However, when non-uniform ChR2-expressing cell distribution and light attenuation were incorporated, optogenetics-based treatment was less effective (APD only increased to 55%). Conclusion This study demonstrates proof of concept for optogenetics-based treatment of diseases that alter atrial AP shape. We identified key practical obstacles intrinsic to the optogenetic approach that must be overcome before such treatments can be realized.
A Synthetic Single-Site Fe Nitrogenase: High Turnover, Freeze-Quench (57)Fe Mössbauer Data, and a Hydride Resting State.

The mechanisms of the few known molecular nitrogen-fixing systems, including nitrogenase enzymes, are of much interest but are not fully understood. We recently reported that Fe–N2 complexes of tetradentate P3E ligands (E = B, C) generate catalytic yields of NH3 under an atmosphere of N2 with acid and reductant at low temperatures. Here we show that these Fe catalysts are unexpectedly robust and retain activity after multiple reloadings. Nearly an order of magnitude improvement in yield of NH3 for each Fe catalyst has been realized (up to 64 equiv of NH3 produced per Fe for P3B and up to 47 equiv for P3C) by increasing acid/reductant loading with highly purified acid. Cyclic voltammetry shows the apparent onset of catalysis at the P3BFe–N2/P3BFe–N2– couple and controlled-potential electrolysis of P3BFe+ at −45 °C demonstrates that electrolytic N2 reduction to NH3 is feasible. Kinetic studies reveal first-order rate dependence on Fe catalyst concentration (P3B), consistent with a single-site catalyst model...
Receiving Hospital Characteristics Associated With Survival in Patients Transported by Emergency Medical Services After Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Objective To test whether primary emergency medical services (EMS) transport to hospitals with certain characteristics (24/7 percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI] availability, trauma center status, large [>24 bed] intensive care unit [ICU]) versus hospitals without those characteristics is associated with improved hospital survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods This is an analysis of a prospectively collected EMS database, which archives patients with OHCA treated by a single large metropolitan EMS system. The database contains Utstein data, EMS transport data, and survival to hospital discharge. EMS providers uniformly apply advanced cardiac life support protocols to OHCA patients in the field. Patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) are transported to one of 10 hospitals in the area. If ROSC is not achieved within 30 minutes, efforts are terminated and the patient is not transported. We used multivariate logistic regression to test if receiving hospital characteristics were independently associated with survival among those transported after ROSC. We excluded patients not transported to a hospital and patients with incomplete outcome data. Results Between January 2011 and December 2014, a total of 1,188 OHCA patients were resuscitated in the field and transported to an area hospital. After patients with missing data were excluded, 1,024 patients were included in the analysis. The mean (±SD) age was 61.1 (±17.0) years, and 57.7% were male. Of transported patients, 76% were taken to 24/7 PCI centers, 46% were taken to trauma centers, and 37% were taken to hospitals with large ICUs. There was considerable overlap in these hospital characteristics. A multivariate logistic regression model including age, sex, shockable rhythm, EMS time to scene, and dispatch complaint of cardiac arrest found that none of the hospital characteristics were independently associated with increased survival to discharge. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for survival were as follows: PCI center, 1.28 (0.80 to 2.04); trauma center, 1.44 (0.73 to 2.85); and large ICU, 1.39 (0.69 to 2.80). Conclusions After adjusting for patient demographic data, we found no significant independent association between receiving hospital characteristics and survival to discharge among OHCA patients transported after ROSC by a single EMS agency.
Korean Community Politics in Los Angeles: The Impact of the Kwangju Uprising

(1988). Korean Community Politics in Los Angeles: The Impact of the Kwangju Uprising. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 51-67.
Testing the 'Table-Scraps' Hypothesis: Earmarks and the Politics of Citizen Representation

This paper examines the influence of earmarked dollars on policy responsiveness. Using newly available and accurate data on earmarks in the FY08 appropriations cycle and DW-Nominate scores along with votes on appropriations bills from the 110th Congress, this paper finds that the influence of congressional districts' ideological preferences on congressional voting behavior declines as the amount of earmarked dollars going to the district increases.
Single-cell antibody nanowells: a novel technology in detecting anti-SSA/Ro60- and anti-SSB/La autoantibody-producing cells in peripheral blood of rheumatic disease patients

Anti-SSA/Ro60 and anti-SSB/La are essential serological biomarkers for rheumatic diseases, specifically Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Currently, laboratory detection technology and platforms are designed with an emphasis on high-throughput methodology; therefore, the relationship of sensitivity with specificity remains a significant area for improvement. In this study, we used single-cell antibody nanowells (SCAN) technology to directly profile individual B cells producing antibodies against specific autoantigens such as SSA/Ro60 and SSB/La. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated using Ficoll gradient. Fluorescently labeled cells were added to fabricated nanowells and imaged using a high-speed epifluorescence microscope. The microengraving process was conducted using printed slides coated with immunoglobulins. Printed slides were hybridized with fluorescence-conjugated immunoglobulin G (IgG), SSA/Ro60, and SSB/La antigens. Microarray spots were analyzed for nanowells with single live B cells that produced antigen-specific autoantibodies. Our results indicate that SCAN can simultaneously detect high frequencies of anti-SSA/Ro60 and anti-SSB/La with a specific IgG isotype in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients, as well as measure their individual secretion levels. The data showed that patients with SS and SLE exhibited higher frequency and greater concentration of anti-SSA/Ro60- and anti-SSB/La-producing B cells in the IgG isotype. Furthermore, individual B cells of patients produced higher levels of IgG-specific anti-SSA/Ro60 autoantibody, but not IgG-specific anti-SSB/La autoantibody, compared with healthy control subjects. These results support the application of SCAN as a robust multiparametric analytical bioassay that can directly measure secretion of autoantibody and accurately report antigen-specific, autoantibody-producing cells.
Abstract 4473: The role of HBO1 in epithelial ovarian cancer

Epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) is now the fourth leading cause of cancer death among women in the U.S and the leading cause of death in gynecological cancers. This lethality is due to both its asymptomatic nature and the lack of effective treatment strategies for advanced stage disease. OC comprises a variety of tumor types (histotypes) that differ in morphology, prognosis, etiology and molecular biology. Despite the knowledge of OC heterogeneity, current treatment strategies are very similar, and unfortunately, very ineffectual. New approaches, to inhibit OC growth and progression are therefore being sought, with few obvious targets for directed therapy. Currently, large-scale gene expression, DNA copy number and mutational screens have not been able to pinpoint new high frequency drugable targets. Epigenetic therapy conceives a whole genome approach, potentially circumventing the reliance on therapies that target infrequently mutated genes. So far in OC, most studies have focused on the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (DNMTi, EZH2i, HDACi⋯) with mixed success, while little is known about the epigenetic activation of cancer-associated genes. Histone acetyl-transferases like GCN5, PCAF and p300 have been targeted in cancer previously, and the main purpose of this study is to assess the role of one such acetyl-transferase, Histone acetyl-transferase binding to origin of replication complex 1” (HBO1, also known as KAT7 and MYST2) in the progression of OC. HBO1 is a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that plays important roles in diverse molecular processes including DNA replication, transcription and DNA repair. Importantly, HBO1 is overexpressed in primary cancers (breast, testis, ovarian), although the molecular basis of its role is still unclear. To better understand HBO19s role in OC, we characterized its expression in well-defined OC cell lines both at the mRNA and protein level. Observed in vitro patterns of HBO1 expression correlate well with previous observations; HBO1 is overexpressed in several OC cell lines. Interestingly, the serous histotype (both the most common and the most aggressive) generally shows the highest expression. Thus far, we have now analyzed HBO19s downstream regulatory pathways in several OC cell lines through use of siRNA knock-down coupled to microarray analysis. Comparisons of the various datasets have revealed pathways common to all cell lines studied, as well as distinction. Our approach aims to identify known epigenomic signatures that may be associated with HBO1 binding and downstream signaling which may drive differentiation toward the most advanced stages of the disease. Translating this new information through epigenetic targeting and structural inhibition may lead to novel, next-generation therapies for this most complex of disease presentations. Citation Format: Marcos Quintela. The role of HBO1 in epithelial ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4473.
Connecting Social Work and Activism in the Arts Through Continuing Professional Education

ABSTRACTThe authors place a continuing education conference devoted to linking the arts, social practice, and social work within the context of a movement to advance arts activism. They illustrate how social workers, artists, and community arts activists can collaborate in building public awareness about serious social issues, creating alternative explanations of the causes of those issues, and producing opportunity structures for people experiencing social marginalization. By connecting arts activism and social work through the use of common values pertaining to social justice, social workers can engage the arts as a vehicle for social betterment.
Zebrafish Get Connected: Investigating Neurotransmission Targets and Alterations in Chemical Toxicity

Neurotransmission is the basis of neuronal communication and is critical for normal brain development, behavior, learning, and memory. Exposure to drugs and chemicals can alter neurotransmission, often through unknown pathways and mechanisms. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) model system is increasingly being used to study the brain and chemical neurotoxicity. In this review, the major neurotransmitter systems, including glutamate, GABA, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, and glutamate are surveyed and pathways of synthesis, transport, metabolism, and action are examined. Differences between human and zebrafish neurochemical pathways are highlighted. We also review techniques for evaluating neurological function, including the measurement of neurotransmitter levels, assessment of gene expression through transcriptomic analysis, and the recording of neurobehavior. Finally examples of chemical toxicity studies evaluating alterations in neurotransmitter systems in the zebrafish model are reviewed.
Plasma dynamics experiments at virginia tech

A plasma dynamics laboratory under development at Virginia Tech's Center for Space Science and Engineering Research (Space@VT) will be a platform for fundamental and applied plasma physics experiments. The facility includes a cylindrical vacuum chamber equipped with a rough pump, cryopump, and 15 ports. A small plasma-armature railgun (under construction) will launch plasma jets at velocities of approximately 20 km/s. A four-chord Mach-Zehnder interferometer and plasma laser-induced fluorescence diagnostic are under development in addition to other plasma diagnostics including spectrometers and photodiodes. The purpose of the plasma dynamics laboratory is three-fold: (i) to develop a plasma thruster development and test facility, (ii) to develop an experimental facility for fundamental science studies relevant to plasma physics, (iii) to develop advanced plasma diagnostics. Results of first plasma in the new experimental facility will be presented.
Weed Control with Gallery and Other Herbicides in Field-Grown Nursery Crops

Abstract Selected herbicides were evaluated for weed control in a two-year field test with boxwood, holly, viburnum and nandina. Gallery (isoxaben), when applied alone, generally provided inferior grass control during year one compared to Surflan (oryzalin). Surflan in combination with Gallery at 3.4 + 1.1 kg/ha (3.0 + 1.0 lb/A) provided weed control similar to that obtained with traditional herbicide programs of Surflan in combination with Princep (simazine) and/or Goal (oxyfluorfen). Plant size of four woody plant species, treated twice annually with Surflan + Gallery over a two year period, was statistically equivalent to the maximum plant size obtained with any other treatment.