cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of pin tip-clearance on the performance of an enhanced microchannel heat sink with oblique fins and phase change material slurry

Abstract The performance of an enhanced microchannel heat sink with sectional oblique fins and with a coolant that contains Nano-Encapsulated Phase Change Material (NEPCM) particles is investigated using a 3D conjugated heat transfer model. Three volume fractions from ξ = 0 (pure water) to 0.3 are studied to investigate the effects of presence of NEPCM particles. Then the effects of introducing tip-clearance to the heat sink on thermal and hydrodynamic performance is examined at low Reynolds numbers (less than 215). Four values of tip-clearance to channel width ratio (t/Wc) are investigated ranging from a no gap (t/Wc = 0) to t/Wc = 0.74. On the bottom wall of the heat sink a range of uniform and fixed temperatures of 299.15 K to 340.15 K are applied. The cooling and hydrodynamic performance of the heat sink is studied using Nusselt and Euler numbers, respectively. It was observed that using of NEPCM slurry in contrast with pure water, enhanced the cooling performance of the heat sink but increased the Euler number. Furthermore, it was seen that the introduction of tip-clearance to the heat sink, if the clearance ratio is chosen properly, has the potential to enhance the cooling performance and reducing the Euler number simultaneously.
Overexpression of mineralocorticoid and transdominant glucocorticoid receptor blocks the impairing effects of glucocorticoids on memory.

It is well established that mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) influence hippocampal-de- pendent spatial memory. MRs are saturated in the presence of low corti- costerone (CORT) levels; consequently receptor protein levels play a rate-limiting role in regulating the positive effects of MR-mediated gene transcription. In this study, viral vector-mediated transgene expression was used to simultaneously manipulate both MR and GR signaling. This approach allowed us to investigate the effects of spatially restricted overexpression of MR and a negative transdominant GR (TD) in the den- tate gyrus (DG) subfield of the hippocampus, on short term and long term spatial memory in animals overexpressing one copy of MR or TD, two copies of MR (''MR/MR''), or one copy of each (''MR/TD''). Expres- sion of transgenes did not influence the acquisition (learning) phase of the Morris water maze task. However, we found an overall enhancing effect of MR/MR expression on short term memory performance. In addition, rats expressing TD and MR/TD blocked the high CORT- induced impairments on long term spatial memory retrieval. These find- ings illustrate the potential beneficial effects of increasing MR signaling or decreasing GR signaling to enhance specific aspects of cognitive function. V 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Unintended Consequences of Emerging Growth Company Status on IPO: Auditor Risk and Effort, Valuation, and Underpricing

The Securities Act of 1933 governs the going public process and the accompanying registration statement submissions to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The Jumpstart Our Business Start-ups (JOBS) Act of 2012 created several accommodations under the SEC securities laws for a new group of companies referred to as "emerging growth companies" (EGCs). We examine whether auditor risk and effort, the initial public offering (IPO) offer prices, and investors' perceptions of the registrants' intrinsic value (underpricing) are related to EGCs' registration statements utilizing accommodations to reduce financial statement information disclosed. Our findings suggest that EGCs utilizing the accommodations to reduce financial statement disclosures are associated with increased auditor risk and effort, proxied by IPO accounting fees. We also find that filing as an EGC and utilizing reduced financial statement disclosure accommodations is negatively associated with IPO offer prices and underpricing.
Spectral conditions for edge connectivity and packing spanning trees in multigraphs

Abstract A multigraph is a graph with possible multiple edges, but no loops. The multiplicity of a multigraph is the maximum number of edges between any pair of vertices. We prove that, for a multigraph G with multiplicity m and minimum degree δ ≥ 2 k , if the algebraic connectivity is greater than min ⁡ { 2 k − 1 ⌈ ( δ + 1 ) / m ⌉ , 2 k − 1 2 } , then G has at least k edge-disjoint spanning trees; for a multigraph G with multiplicity m and minimum degree δ ≥ k , if the algebraic connectivity is greater than min ⁡ { 2 ( k − 1 ) ⌈ ( δ + 1 ) / m ⌉ , k − 1 } , then the edge connectivity is at least k. These extend some earlier results. A balloon of a graph G is a maximal 2-edge-connected subgraph that is joined to the rest of G by exactly one cut-edge. We provide spectral conditions for the number of balloons in a multigraph, which also generalizes an earlier result.
Real-Time Measurement of Material Elastic Properties in a High Gamma Irradiation Environment

This paper describes the first noncontact elastic vibration measurements of an object in a high gamma radiation field. Using a laser-coupled resonant ultrasound technique, the vibration modes of an...
Propagation of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia cells in vitro and in severe combined immune deficient mice: utility as a preclinical drug screening model

Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) represents an indolent incurable human B-cell tumor. We have successfully established a permanent cell line, WSU-WM, without growth factors or viral transformation, from the pleural effusion of a 60-year-old man with IgM kappa WM. Phenotypic characterization of WSU-WM shows IgM lambda and expression of other B- cell markers. Karyotypic analysis shows a male chromosome complement with several clonal aberrations, including t(8;14)(q24;q32). Molecular characterization shows deletion of kappa and rearrangement of lambda light chain genes indicating a class switching. Both the secretory (s mu) and membrane (m mu) components of IgM are expressed. In addition, the breakpoint on 8q24 is downstream of exon 3 of the c-myc oncogene. WSU-WM grows in liquid culture and soft agar. When cells were injected subcutaneously in immune deficient mice, six of seven SCID mice developed subcutaneous tumors as opposed to three of seven in the athymic nude mice. When a WSU-WM SCID tumor was passaged in vivo in the SCID mice, the take rate was 100%. This xenograft model and a soft agar disk-diffusion assay were used to test the efficacy of standard chemotherapy agents against this tumor in vivo and in vitro, respectively. The cell line and the assays described herein can be used as a model to facilitate the discovery of new therapeutic agents or modalities for this disease.
Wind tunnel testing of an S809 spoiler flap model

An 18-inch chord model of the NREL S809 airfoil section with a spoiler flap was tested under 2D steady state conditions in The Ohio State University Aeronautical and Astronautical Research Laboratory 7x10 Subsonic Wind Tunnel. The objective of these tests was to document section lift, drag, and pitching moment characteristics over a wide range of flap deflections and angles of attack. The model was tested under both clean and leading edge grit roughness (LEGR) conditions. The LEGR was used to simulate the accumulation of insects and debris on the leading edge of the rotor blades found in the field. The configuration exhibited a clean maximum lift coefficient of 1.12. The application of LEGR reduced the maximum lift coefficient and increased the drag for low angles of attack and low flap deflections. The LEGR was found to have a negligible effect at high angles of attack (above 20 deg) and high aileron deflection (above 45 deg). At high aileron deflections (greater than 30 deg), the suction coefficient was negative in the region of -6to 30-deg angle of attack. (Author)
A Methodology for the Test Design and Evaluation of Human Whole-Body Vibration in Ground Vehicle Systems

To date, testing and evaluation of whole-body vibration in ground vehicle systems have not always fully utilized appropriate experimental design methodology, applicable statistical tests, or relevant criteria. A test design and evaluation methodology was developed to eliminate these oversights. This methodology uses inferential statistics, questionnaires, and a comparison of vibration data with representative mission scenarios. The methodology was employed in the evaluation of two alternative tracked ground vehicle designs. The independent variables were track type, terrain, vehicle speed, and crew position. The dependent variables were International Standards Organization (ISO) 2631 whole-body vibration exposure limit times at the lateral, transverse, and vertical axes. Two different multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) performed on the exposure limit data indicated that all main effects, as well as several interactions, were significant (p < .01). A comparison of exposure limits to a representati...
Selective Estrogen Receptor β Agonist LY500307 as a Novel Therapeutic Agent for Glioblastoma.

Glioblastomas (GBM), deadly brain tumors, have greater incidence in males than females. Epidemiological evidence supports a tumor suppressive role of estrogen; however, estrogen as a potential therapy for GBM is limited due to safety concerns. Since GBM express ERβ, a second receptor for estrogen, targeting ERβ with a selective agonist may be a potential novel GBM therapy. In the present study, we examined the therapeutic effect of the selective synthetic ERβ agonist LY500307 using in vitro and in vivo GBM models. Treatment with LY500307 significantly reduced the proliferation of GBM cells with no activity on normal astrocytes in vitro. ERβ agonists promoted apoptosis of GBM cells and mechanistic studies using RNA sequencing revealed that LY500307 modulated several pathways related to apoptosis, cell cycle and DNA damage response. Further, LY500307 sensitized GBM cells to several FDA-approved chemotherapeutic drugs including cisplatin, lomustine and temozolomide. LY500307 treatment significantly reduced the in vivo tumor growth and promoted apoptosis of GBM tumors in an orthotopic model and improved the overall survival of tumor-bearing mice in the GL26 syngeneic glioma model. Our results demonstrate that LY500307 has potential as a therapeutic agent for GBM.
Small Cation-Based High-Performance Energetic Nitraminofurazanates

Large nitramino-substituted furazan anions were combined with small cations (hydroxylammonium, hydrazinium, and ammonium) to form a series of energetic salts that was fully characterized. The structures of several of the compounds (1 a, 2 a, 3 a, and 4 a) were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Based on their physiochemical properties, such as density, thermal stability, and sensitivity, together with the calculated detonation properties, it was found that they exhibit good detonation performance and have potential application as high-energy-density materials.
Readmission after inpatient percutaneous coronary intervention in the Medicare population from 2000 to 2012.

Background Since year 2000, reducing hospital readmissions has become a public health priority. In addition, there have been major changes in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) during this period. Methods The cohort consisted of 3,250,194 patients admitted for PCI from January 2000 through November 2012. Results Overall, 30-day readmission was 15.8%. Readmission rates declined from 16.1% in 2000 to 15.4% in 2012 (adjusted odds ratio for readmission 1.33 in 2000 compared with 2012). Of all readmissions after PCI, the majority were for cardiovascular-related conditions (>60%); however, only a small percentage ( 4× higher 30-day mortality than those who were not. Conclusions Among Medicare beneficiaries, readmission after PCI declined over time despite patients having more comorbidities. This translated into a 33% lower likelihood of readmission in 2012 compared with 2000. A small proportion of readmissions were for acute coronary syndromes.
American Identity, Congress, and the Puerto Rico Statehood Debate

Is the essence of American identity civic, ethnic, or a combination of the two? The 2010 debate in the U.S. House of Representatives on a bill to hold a referendum on the Puerto Rico status question provided a unique opportunity to shed light on these approaches. House Resolution 2499 would have asked the island's electorate whether they preferred remaining a Commonwealth, become an independent country, or the fifty-first state. Despite three choices, House members overwhelming focused on one: statehood. Effectively this bill asked lawmakers, in keeping with the civic identity thesis, whether they were willing to accept a culturally and linguistically distinct territory as an equal partner in the federation. These deliberations divulge much about congressional views on the official, civic, American identity and its alternatives. At another level this debate questions the assumption that the stability and consolidation of national identities cannot proceed with clearly and consistently defined boundary markers. That clarity, some contend, is imperative on the part of government leaders. This article argues that significant differences in how the nation is objectified may be overlooked in the short run, but may incur significant long-term instability.
LOS discovery in 3D for highly directional transceivers

Directional Radio Frequency (RF) / Free-Space-Optical (FSO) transceivers have the potential to play a significant role in future generation wireless networks. They are advantageous in terms of improved spectrum utilization, higher data transfer rate, and lower probability of interception from unwanted sources. Despite these advantages, communications using directional transceivers require establishment and maintenance of line-of-sight (LOS). Thus, establishment of the communication link or neighbor discovery plays an important role in mobile ad hoc networks with RF/FSO directional transceivers. We consider two nodes (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or Quadcopters) hovering in 3D space, each with one directional transceiver mounted on a mechanically steerable spherical structure/head, with which they can scan 360° in the horizontal plane and 360° in the vertical plane. We propose a novel scheme that deals with the problem of automatic discovery and establishment of LOS alignment between these nodes. We performed extensive simulations to show the effectiveness of the proposed neighbor discovery method. The results show that, using such mechanically steerable directional transceivers, it is possible to establish communication links to similar neighboring nodes within minimal discovery times.
Risk factors for development of second primary malignancies (SPM) after autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) for multiple myeloma.

8038 Background: Studies from the CALGB and IFM have suggested an increased incidence of SPM post ASCT in patients on lenalidomide maintenance. Patients with MM as well as patients post ASCT are inherently at higher risk of SPM. Therefore, assessment of risk factors associated with SPM would be useful in therapeutic decisions re preASCT therapy and post ASCTmaintenance. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 841 consecutive MM patients who underwent at least one ASCT at City of Hope from 1989 to 2009. Sixty cases with 70 SPMs were identified. A nested case-control study was also conducted to understand the role of therapeutic exposures associated with SPMs. Controls were MM patients post ASCT matched by year of HCT (±5 years). Results: The median length of follow up was 3.3 yrs. (range 0.3-19.9). Median age at ASCT was 56 yrs (range 18-77). 62% had received a single autologous HCT, 27% tandem autologous HCT, 11% had received multiple HCTs (72 had a second allogeneic HCT)). The overall cumul...
In Vivo Murine Cytokine Models and the Genesis of Cancer

Cytokines and their receptors comprise a critical communication pathway among the various cell types of the immune system that regulate cell growth, survival, differentiation, activation, and trafficking. As such, dysregulation of cytokine expression or secretion, cytokine-receptor expression, and their linked intracellular signaling pathways can result in undesired cell growth, survival, and ultimately malignant transformation. Use of transgenic mouse technology provides a powerful tool to better understand the physiologic sequelae resulting from unregulated activation of a cytokine/receptor pair at the level of the whole organism. In addition to altered expression of cytokine/receptor pairs leading directly to malignancy, indirect effects may also be elucidated using carcinogen models. Although other chapters in this book provide in depth review of individual cytokines’ role in the genesis or therapy of cancer, here we generally discuss transgenic and knock-out mouse models that lead to malignant transformation. When relevant, studies from patients with cancer are also mentioned to provide some correlation with human disease, in addition to other chapters in this volume. One common theme that emerges from these models is the importance of chronic cytokine-induced growth, survival, or inflammatory signals as a background leading to malignant transformation. Ultimately, better understanding of the cellular and molecular events that lead to the development of cancer will help provide novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
Affordable Rental Housing Development in the U.S. For-Profit Sector: Implications of a Case Study of McCormack Baron Salazar

AbstractThe question of how to build decent housing that is affordable to lower income households has challenged policymakers in the United States for decades. In response, the federal government has developed a variety of partnership approaches that involve private for-profit developers. Although these entities are currently the major producers of affordable housing in the United States, they have received relatively little attention from the academic and policy communities. This inquiry is aimed at filing a small portion of this gap by presenting a qualitative case study of one of the country’s leading for-profit developers that has a longstanding commitment to affordable housing, McCormack Baron Salazar. Using a modified version of the quadruple bottom line framework as the starting point, this exploration discusses the complexity and challenges facing the affordable housing sector and offers programmatic and policy recommendations that are applicable to both for-profit and nonprofit developers. In vie...
Anharmonic effects on the resonance line shape of 238U in UO2—III

Abstract This is the first of three papers dealing with the anharmonic features of the resonance line shape of 238 U in UO 2 . The solution of the line shape requires a vast amount of computation. This paper presents a numerical method for the evaluation of the resonance line shape. It is shown that it is possible to express the line shape as a sum of a convergent series with a very fast rate of convergence.
The Regulation of Reproduction and Best Interests Analysis

In its 1972 decision in Eisenstadt v. Baird, the US Supreme Court announced that: “it is the right of the individual, married or single, to be free from unwarranted governmental intrusion into matters so fundamentally affecting a person as the decision whether to bear or beget a child.” But, in fact, both within and outside the United States, this firm-sounding principle has often been honored in the breach. Both as to coital and assisted reproduction, but particularly the latter, the state has asserted significant control over reproductive decision-making. This chapter details various forms of reproductive regulation prevalent today in a variety of areas including: Sterilization, abstinence education, surrogacy, sperm and egg “donor” anonymity and paternity, insurance funding, cloning, and mitochondrial replacement therapy. More conceptually, it divides state regulation of reproduction along the axes of attempts to influence whether, when, with whom, and how we reproduce and the means by which the state intervenes. Finally, it examines variations on child welfare justifications the state has or might offer for such reproductive regulation, and raises some questions about those justifications.
Resurgence of Challenging Behavior Following Functional Communication Training for Children with Disabilities: a Literature Review

Functional communication training (FCT) is highly effective in reducing challenging behavior and increasing appropriate communication in children with developmental disabilities. However, the challenging behavior may re-occur following successful treatment with functional communication training when the functional communication response contacts extinction. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the variables that reduce resurgence of challenging behavior following successful treatment. For the current review, the systematic search yielded 14 articles from the current literature that evaluated resurgence following functional communication training. The effect of demand fading, the language of instruction, the presence of stimuli associated with the intervention, previous exposures to extinction, schedule of reinforcement during baseline, and reinforcing multiple mands were evaluated in the present literature review. Overall, relatively few applied studies with human participants have evaluated variables that affect resurgence. It is imperative that future research utilizes systematic manipulation to identify variables that reduce the resurgence of challenging behavior. Implications for practice and directions for future research are discussed.
Lost in translation: lessons learned from the “demise” of MRSI of the prostate

At times, technologies fail for reasons other than an inability to deliver on their promises. The iconic Blackberry, for example, was once coined "Research in Motion", sold tens of millions of units, and then "disappeared" from the market because it did not accompany the new trends in design. Promising technologies may also "disappear" in the medical field. What follows is the tale of the rise and fall of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H MRSI) of the prostate.
Amine Functionalization of Silica Sol-Gel Thin Films via Kinetic Doping: A Novel, Green Approach.

Amine-functionalized thin films are highly desirable technologies for analytical, material, and biochemistry applications. Current functionalization procedures can be costly, environmentally unfrie...
Satellite data fusion of multiple observed XCO2 using compressive sensing

When it entered into the era of big data, Earth observing systems developed into a new stage, namely characterized by low cost, multi-national, multi-sensor and multi-modal with varying spatial and spectral resolutions confronting new challenges and opportunities. Climate data records from multiple data sources are used to infer seasonal and interannual variations which will advance and promote the development of data fusion methods. Compressed sensing is a new framework in which data acquisition and data processing are merged. It provides a new fantastic way to handle multiple observations of the same field view from complementary remote sensing instruments, allowing us to recover information at very low signal-to-noise ratio. We will particularly point out that a Compressive Sensing based framework is flexible enough for combining the two measurement systems by fusing the data from the two satellites, NASA Orbiting Carbon Observatory -2 (OCO-2) and the JAXA Greenhouse gases from Orbiting Satellites (GOSAT) to calculate the interannual Net XCO2 variability over land for three latitudinal regions, Alaska/Canada, United States and the Amazon/Brazil. The OCO-2 design is optimized for sensitivity to XCO2 variations, with an unprecedented combination of spatial resolution (about 3km) with narrow nadir coverage, while GOSAT provides broader spatial coverage (10km) with wider scanning coverage. There are different temporal degradations of both instruments over time because GOSAT was launched in 2009 and OCO-2 was launched in 2014. Both instruments infer CO2 concentration from high-resolution measurements of reflected sunlight and use similar inversion algorithms to retrieve CO2 concentrations. Both are passive satellites providing on-orbit global measurements of the greenhouse gas, XCO2, for the years 2015 -2018. The results of the CS data fusion framework show that the fused data have Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) varying from 1.31 ppm to 4.12 ppm compared with original data, depending on the region of study and gridding resolution. Validation of fused data compared with AmeriFlux station towers observations shows RMSE of 2.68 ppm.
Improved Geometric Path Enumeration for Verifying ReLU Neural Networks

Neural networks provide quick approximations to complex functions, and have been increasingly used in perception as well as control tasks. For use in mission-critical and safety-critical applications, however, it is important to be able to analyze what a neural network can and cannot do. For feed-forward neural networks with ReLU activation functions, although exact analysis is NP-complete, recently-proposed verification methods can sometimes succeed.
QTL mapping in an interspecific sorghum population uncovers plasma-membrane intrinsic proteins as key regulators of salinity tolerance

Abstract Soil salinity impedes crop production via both osmotic and ionic stress and is an intensifying problem affecting lands used to produce agronomically important crops.. Such stress slows plant growth and disrupts normal metabolic processes, resulting in decreased biomass and increased leaf senescence. Therefore, the ability to maintain biomass in response to salt exposure is indicative of tolerant genotypes. We used a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from an interspecific cross between Sorghum propinquum and Sorghum bicolor (inbred Tx7000), two genotypes that differ for tolerance to salt exposure, to map regions of the genome associated with salt tolerance. Our high-density genetic map covers the 10 Sorghum chromosomes with 1692 segregating markers. Sixteen total quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected for seven traits in two environmental conditions (control and salt) and when stress tolerance index (STI) values were mapped. Our results uncovered significant enrichment of genes encoding various types of aquaporins within salt specific QTL, the most interesting of which is the plasma-membrane intrinsic protein SbPIP2;6. SbPIP2;6 shares ∼85% sequence similarity with Arabidopsis PIP2;1, an aquaporin shown to co-transport both water and ions, and for which ion transport is inhibited by calcium, suggesting that it may play a role in sensing and signaling during the salt stress response. The coupling of water and ion transport may also facilitate the use of Na+ as a cheap compatible solute, reducing the energy needed to maintain osmotic equilibrium. These results indicate that PIPs play a central role in salinity tolerance in sorghum.
Thermal stimulation of targeted neural circuits via remotely controlled nano-transducers: A therapy for neurodegenerative disorders

Abstract Neurodegenerative disorders, e.g., Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are signal irregularities in neuron cells. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a conventional method for Parkinson's treatment. This method manages Parkinson's symptoms, e.g., tremor, by surgically implanting an electrode to deliver constant stimulation in deep brain levels. The fatal impacts of DBS motivated scientists to propose a minimally invasive treatment, termed as “Magnetothermal Neuromodulation.” This technique employs an alternating magnetic field (AMF) to excite injected transducers, i.e., magnetic nanoparticles (MNP). The nanoparticles exposed to the magnetic field dissipate heat via thermal hysteresis. The local elevated temperature activates a type of heat-sensitive ion-channel, which leads to calcium cation (Ca2 +) influx. The Ca2 + influx eventually ameliorates the symptoms. In the magnetothermal modulation, the primary aim is to reach the minimum temperature required for stimulation (43°C) and maintain the tissue temperature below 50°C to avoid the thermal cytotoxic impacts. Hence, neurosurgical operations seek the Thermo engineering theories to alleviate the risk levels and effectively administer the remote therapy. The success and safety of the treatment strongly relies on thermal interactions of the brain capillary wall with blood flow carrying heat dissipative nano-transducers. Our emphasis is on microscale modeling of nanoparticles undergone magnetothermal stimulation and the consequences on the targeted neural circuits. As such, for medical advancements, the present contribution provides a mathematical model that extensively elaborates the physical attributes such as the blood flow dynamics, nanoparticle interactions with capillary flow, heat transfer, and the subsequent regulated neural signaling.
Assembly of Nanophotonic Structures Using Optical Tweezers

Optical tweezers provide a non-contact three-dimensional (3D) method for nanoscale positioning. We assemble a 3D light guiding structure comprising a chain of gold-silica nanoshells and show structures assembled from hundreds of chemically-linked building blocks.
A Binary Search Algorithm based Optimal Sizing of Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Systems

The use of PVs and storage systems behind-the-meter provides backup power supply to owners as well as capable of providing ancillary services to the power grid such as peak load shifting, demand response, energy arbitrage amongst others. This paper proposes a binary-search based optimization algorithm determines the size of photovoltaic (PV) plus battery standalone system in order to meet a defined load profile. The objective function formulation minimizes the overall system cost and makes sure that the total load rejection is zero by the PV-plus-battery (PPB) system for the load profile considered throughout the year. The optimization variable set in the proposed formulation are the number of the PVs and the batteries. The battery state-of-charge, the number of PVs and batteries are set as the optimization constraints. The proposed algorithm is fed with a year-long actual irradiance and load profile data for facility located in Miami FL. The cost factors for the PV and battery are also input to the proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a zero load deficit for the period and the load profile considered.
Changes in the research scope of environmental epidemiology

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The range of topics addressed in environmental epidemiology is always in flux, with some becoming less popular over time (e.g., industrial chemicals) and others becoming much mo...
Spectroscopic characterization of oceanic dissolved organic matter isolated by reverse osmosis coupled with electrodialysis

Abstract Oceanic dissolved organic matter (DOM) is one of the largest pools of reduced carbon on Earth, yet DOM remains poorly chemically characterized. Studies to determine the chemical nature of oceanic DOM have been impeded by the lack of efficient and non-fractioning methods to recover oceanic DOM. Here, a DOM fraction (~ 40 to 86% recovery) was isolated using reverse osmosis/electrodialysis (RO/ED) and analyzed by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Samples were obtained from biogeochemically distinct environments: photobleached surface gyre, productive coastal upwelling zone, oxygen minimum, North Atlantic Deep Water, and North Pacific Deep Water. A ubiquitous ‘background’ refractory carbon pool was apparent throughout the ocean and dominated in the deep Pacific Ocean. Advanced NMR spectral editing revealed that condensed aromatic and quaternary anomeric carbons contribute to this deep refractory DOC pool, the quaternary anomeric carbons being a newly identified and potentially important component of bio-refractory carbohydrate-like carbon. Additionally, our results support the multi-pool (e.g. 3-pool: labile, semi-labile, and refractory) conceptual model of marine DOM biogeochemistry. Surface samples, hypothesized to be enriched in labile and semi-labile DOM, were enriched in carbohydrate-like material consistent with prior studies. High carboxyl signals in the deep Pacific support the hypothesis that a major fraction of the refractory pool consists of carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM).
Stella: growing upward, downward, and outward [software review]

The author reviews Stella's modeling capabilities for both research and instruction. He describes the basic modeling tools using his student's quest as a simple, illustrative case study, exploring how these tools contribute to speed and efficiency in creating models for concept testing. He also examines some of Stella's broader research capabilities in the context of how they support and connect with more specific and scalable modeling systems implemented in high-end systems. Finally, he comments on Stella's range of educational applications. Stella (www.hps-inc.com) is a modeling application that can serve such needs, although it makes a relatively expensive scratch pad. Fortunately, it also provides other capabilities that add to its value as a productivity tool, just as a spreadsheet application lets you both build certain kinds of models and formulate a budget. Stella has several component toolsets, and its user interface is organized in layers. As such, the test of the application's total value is not just in its range of functionality but also in how well its toolsets and layers are integrated. The premise underlying Stella's design is that "systems thinking" is important for solving a wide class of problems and that there is a need for tools that support and cultivate this methodology.
COMPARISON OF NATIVE AND REDUCED AND ALKYLATED HUMAN IV IMMUNE SERUM GLOBULIN (ISG) IN EXPERIMENTAL H. IN FLUENZAE TYPE B INFECTION

COMPARISON OF NATIVE AND REDUCED AND ALKYLATED HUMAN IV IMMUNE SERUM GLOBULIN (ISG) IN EXPERIMENTAL H. IN FLUENZAE TYPE B INFECTION
Leveraging Motivational Mindsets to Foster Positive Interracial Interactions

As the United States becomes increasingly diverse, interracial contact will become considerably less rare. Much research has suggested that interracial interactions are often stressful and uncomfortable for both Whites and racial minorities. Bringing together several bodies of research, the present article outlines a motivational perspective on the dynamics of intergroup contact. To this end, we consider the roles of three motivational mindsets that have the potential to shape interactions to be less cognitively depleting and more enjoyable for both interactants. In particular, we consider the effects of (i) approach and avoidance motivation (Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundation of Social Behavior, 1990, New York: Guilford Press), (ii) promotion and prevention regulatory focus (American Psychologist, 52, 1997, 1280), and (iii) learning and performance goals (Psychological Review, 95, 1988, 256) in shaping the dynamics of interracial contact. We suggest that investigations into these motivational mindsets will offer further insight into how and why interracial interactions go awry and will assist in the development of strategies and interventions that facilitate more smooth and enjoyable contact experiences.
Changes in carbon cycling ascertained by stable isotopic analyses in a hypersaline microbial mat

[1] Modern microbial mats have been used as analogs for early life because of the longevity of microbial life on Earth. Mats collected from hypersaline salterns in Baja California were maintained for over a year and a half under both normal (85 ppt salinity, 50 mM SO42−) and reduced salinity (35 ppt salinity; near modern seawater) and sulfate concentrations (20 mM, ≤1 mM SO42−) to assess carbon processing under sulfate conditions more similar to the Archean oceans. As sulfate was removed from the mats by diffusion out into the overlying water, methane concentrations within the mats increased. Highest methane concentrations occurred in mats with reduced salinity and little sulfate. The δ13C values of bulk particulate organic matter in all of the mats averaged −11‰, similar to what had been observed previously for these Microcoleus mats. In mats with sulfate, pore water concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) δ13C values averaged about −3‰. However, in the mats with ≤1 mM sulfate concentrations, the DIC δ13C values increased substantially with depth, from about −1‰ in the overlying water to +10‰ by 20 mm depth. Rates of methanogenesis, calculated from pore water dissolved methane concentration profiles, were too low to account for the total increase in DIC δ13C values. These positive isotopic signatures, however, are also consistent with the occurrence of acetogenesis, as are the higher acetate concentrations in the low-sulfate mats. Acetogens may be poised to become successful competitors for substrates in these mats, given the right environmental conditions.
High-dose chemoradiotherapy and anti-B-cell monoclonal antibody-purged autologous bone marrow transplantation in mantle-cell lymphoma: no evidence for long-term remission.

PURPOSEThe role for high-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation in mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) is unknown. We retrospectively analyzed patients with chemosensitive disease who underwent high-dose chemoradiotherapy and anti-B-cell monoclonal antibody-purged autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) for MCL in first remission, as well as following relapse from conventional therapy.PATIENTS AND METHODSBetween August 1985 and April 1996, 28 patients underwent ABMT using a uniform ablative regimen with cyclophosphamide and total-body irradiation (TBI) and a bone marrow-purging regimen. Re-review of original tissue demonstrated that all patients had morphologic, phenotypic, and genotypic characteristics of MCL. MCL was the original diagnosis in 21 patients, whereas seven patients had a prior diagnosis of diffuse small cleaved-cell lymphoma.RESULTSTwenty patients received multiple regimens before ABMT, while eight underwent ABMT in first complete remission (CR)/partial remission (PR) following ...
Excavating Atari: Where the Media was the Archaeology

A team of archaeologists excavated Alamogordo, New Mexico’s famed “Atari Burial Ground” in 2014 to media fanfare and public speculation of what archaeology is. This salvage project was the first archaeological dig of an assemblage of video games, in this case thousands of Atari cartridges buried by the company in 1983, quickly becoming the stuff of urban legend. Filmed by documentarians for Microsoft’s Xbox Live, the dig marked a global confluence of science, spectacle, and social media, a literal archaeology of media.
4‐Bromobenzenesulfonyl Azide

[6647-76-3] C6H4BrN3O2S (MW 262.08) InChI = 1S/C6H4BrN3O2S/c7-5-1-3-6(4-2-5)13(11,12)10-9-8/h1-4H InChIKey = GXMBSYQFGJYUBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,3-dipolar reagent that undergoes cycloaddition to vinyl and alkynyl ethers1) Physical Data: mp 54.5–56 °C. Solubility: sol most organic solvents. Preparative Method: by the reaction of 4-Bromobenzenesulfonyl Chloride with excess Sodium Azide in a water–ethanol mixture.23. Purification: crystallization from ethanol. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: should be used in solution. Azides are prone to violent detonation upon thermal, electrical, and mechanical shock.
RESULTS OF AN ATTEMPT TO OBTAIN PYRENOIDS OF ZYGNEMA BY BULK‐ISOLATION METHODS1,2

SUMMARY Filaments of Zygnema were blended 3 min in a buffered sucrose solution, and a pyrenoid-rich cell fraction was obtained by filtration through a 10-μ filter. The filtrate was placed on a 35%/40%/50% (wt/wt) discontinuous sucrose density gradient and was spun at approximately 50,000 × g for 1/2–1 hr. Pyrenoids, which were collected at the 40%/50% interface, appeared with light microscopy to be firm, intact, spherical, colorless refractive bodies. Although in situ pyrenoids stained with propionocarmine, isolated pyrenoids would not stain, indicating a change in the chemical properties of pyrenoids during the isolation procedure.
Information networks and competitive advantage: issues for government policy and corporate strategy

As the competitive environment changes network technologies become increasingly important to the achievement of corporate strategic objectives. Even in more stable markets environments, the intensive use of telecommunications networks can produce a broad range of benefits. To make these gains requires the seamless interweaving of telecommunications capabilities and business activities. Very few companies are near to implementing this network–strategy ideal.
A study of fungi found in association with Histoplasma capsulatum: three bird roosts in S. E. Missouri, U.S.A.

Soil samples from three bird roosts in SE Missouri were studied in an effort to detect differences in the distribution of microfungi in sites contaminated withHistoplasma capsulatum and presumably favorable, but uncontaminated sites. Seventy-four of 151 species identified were found in conjunction withH. capsulatum; many of the remaining 77 species were isolated only rarely and are probably not important colonizers of these soils. Only minor differences were noted regarding distribution of more commonly occurring species. Fungi known to be parasitic or antagonistic to other microfungi were about evenly distributed among the sites.H. capsulatum was most abundant in the one roost which was still occupied by flocks of birds.
Effects of an acute bout of resistance exercise on fiber-type specific GLUT4 and IGF-1R expression.

The effects of resistance exercise on fiber-type–specific expression of insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-1R) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) was determined in 6 healthy males. The expre...
Catalase and Epoxidation Activity of Manganese Salen Complexes Bearing Two Xanthene Scaffolds

A series of manganese Hangman salen ligand platforms functionalized by tert-butyl groups in the 3 and 3‘ positions using the Suzuki cross-coupling methodology are presented. The Hangman platforms support multielectron chemistry mediated by proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), as demonstrated by their ability to promote the catalytic disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water via a high-valent metal oxo. The addition of the steric groups to the salen macrocycle leads to enhanced catalase activity by circumventing side reactions that sequester the catalyst off pathway. The stereochemistry imposed by the cyclohexanediamine backbone of the salen platform is revealed by the epoxidation of 1,2-dihydronapthalene by a variety of oxidants. Improved enantiomeric excess and catalase activity as compared to sterically unmodified counterparts establishes the efficacy of the tert-butyl groups in promoting PCET catalysis on the Hangman platform.
Distributed Data Flow Signal Processors

Near term advances in technology such as VHSIC promise revolutionary progress in programmable signal processor capabilities. However, meeting projected signal processing requirements for radar, sonar and other high throughput systems requires effective multi-processor networks. This paper describes a distributed signal processor architecture currently in development at Texas Instruments that is designed to meet these high through-put, multi-mode system requirements. The approach supports multiple, functionally spe-cialized, autonomous nodes (processors) interconnected via a flexible, high speed communication network. A common task scheduling mechanism based upon "data flow" concepts provides an efficient high level programming and simulation mechanism. The Ada syntax compatible task level programming and simulation software support tools are also described.
Size Variation of Adult Polyopisthocotylid Metamicrocotyla macracantha (Monogenea) in Relation to Host Size

Abstract Growth of the polyopisthocotylid monogenean Metamicrocotyla macracantha was studied in relation to the size of its host, the striped mullet Mugil cephalus. Forty-nine adult monogeneans were collected; total length, body length, haptor length, and clamp widths were measured and compared with host total length. Although no significant correlation between these size parameters of M. macracantha and that of the host was found, the haptor of the worm was found to reach a maximum length while its body continued to elongate. Such a growth pattern may be indicative of a less-efficient haptor resulting in the unique coiling behavior of M. macracantha.
The Use of Quantitative Ultrasound in Assessing Bone Status in Newborn Preterm Infants

OBJECTIVE: Quantitative ultrasound is increasingly used to assess bone status in adults and children; however, few studies have been carried out in neonates. Our objective was to determine if tibial bone speed of sound (SOS) correlates with gestational age and birth anthropometrics, and if bone SOS is related to maternal factors. STUDY DESIGN: We prospectively studied 95 preterm infants to assess factors related to bone status as measured by quantitative ultrasound. RESULTS: We found significant (p≤0.001) positive correlations between SOS and gestational age, birth weight, length, head circumference and tibial length. There was no significant relationship between SOS and prenatal steroid use, gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, race or parity. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative ultrasound is an easy to use and inexpensive tool for assessing bone status in preterm neonates. Tibial SOS correlated with gestational age and birth anthropometrics, and was not related by few maternal factors.
Prospects for electron spin-dependent short-range force experiments with rare earth iron garnet test masses

A study of the possible interactions between fermions assuming only rotational invariance has revealed 15 forms for the potential involving the fermion spins. We review the experimental constraints on unobserved macroscopic, spin-dependent interactions between electrons in the range below 1 cm. An existing experiment, using 1 kHz mechanical oscillators as test masses, has been used to constrain mass-coupled forces in this range. With suitable modifications, including spin-polarized test masses, this experiment can be used to explore all 15 possible spin-dependent interactions between electrons in this range with unprecedented sensitivity. Samples of ferrimagnetic dysprosium iron garnet have been fabricated in the suitable test mass geometry and shown to have spin densities on the order of ${10}^{20}\ensuremath{\hbar}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ with very low intrinsic magnetism.