cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accounting education literature review (1991–1997), part I: Curriculum and instructional approaches

Abstract This paper updates the work of Rebele, Stout, and Hassell (A review of empirical research in accounting education: 1985–1991. Journal of Accounting Education, I , 167–231, 1991) and Rebele and Tiller (Empirical research in accounting education: A review and evaluation. In A. C. Bishop, E. K. St. Pierre and R. L. Benke (Eds), Research in Accounting Education , 1–54. Harrisonburg, VA: Center for Research in Accounting Education, James Madison University, 1996) by reviewing a subset of the accounting education literature published during the period 1991–1997. Specifically, we review articles (both empirical and nonempirical) related to the accounting curriculum and instructional approaches in accounting that were published in the following journals: Journal of Accounting Education, Issues in Accounting Education, The Accounting Educators' Journal , and Accounting Education: A Journal of Theory, Practice and Research . A second paper, Part II, will review articles published in these same journals during the period 1991–1997 on the topics of assessment, use of technology, students, faculty concerns, cases, and instructional resources.
An Evaluation of the l-Methionine Activity of the Hydroxy Analogue of Methionine

Abstract Three product forms of methionine hydroxy analogue were prepared for biological evaluation of their l -methionine activity for broiler strain chickens (Vantress × Arbor Acres). Two samples of the acid of the analogue HA-50, LMA-70 and one sample of a commercial grade (90%) MHA® were standarized by gas liquid chromatography to contain a known amount of l -methionine activity as the free analogue acid. Each product form was tested in a separate experiment. The experimental chickens were fed a practical corn-soybean meal basal diet for the first seven days of the test. A semi-purified diet composed primarily of cerelose, isolated soybean protein and soybean meal was used for the remainder of the experimental period. HA-50 and the commercial form of the hydroxy analogue were formulated to contain 50% l -methionine activity. Hence, they were added to the diets at 0.1 and 0.2% and compared to the l -methionine standard which was added at levels of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15%. LMA-70 was formulated to contain 70% l -methionine activity and was added to the experimental diets at 0.07 and 0.14% and compared to the l -methionine standard at the same levels used in the other experiments. Statistical analysis of four-week data revealed no difference between the biological response of l -methionine and the three forms of the analogue when tested at comparable l -methionine activity levels. The biological response of the analogue products was in good agreement with the l -methionine activity determined by gas liquid chromatography.
Toward a Unified Theory of Interstate Conflict

This article seeks to refine the power transition proposition, thereby reducing its permissiveness, by linking it to an axiomatically compatible theory of interstate conflict initiation called perf...
Metaphoric and metonymic signification in mathematics

Abstract This paper explores the roles of metaphor and metonymy in making sense of the ambiguities inherent in representation of mathematical constructs. Using the metaphors of “chains of signification” and “descent into meaning” for metonymies and metaphors respectively, these literary figures are discussed with regard to their use in mathematics. Synonymy, homonymy and polysemy are viewed as explanatory constructs in an analysis of ways in which metaphor and metonymy aid learners and mathematicians alike in making sense of mathematical ideas and resolving ambiguities.
Online kernel PCA with entropic matrix updates

A number of updates for density matrices have been developed recently that are motivated by relative entropy minimization problems. The updates involve a softmin calculation based on matrix logs and matrix exponentials. We show that these updates can be kernelized. This is important because the bounds provable for these algorithms are logarithmic in the feature dimension (provided that the 2-norm of feature vectors is bounded by a constant). The main problem we focus on is the kernelization of an online PCA algorithm which belongs to this family of updates.
The effects of adenosine A3 receptor stimulation on seizures in mice.

Abstract We have previously shown that acute preischemic adenosine A 3 receptor stimulation results in an increased postischemic damage, while chronic stimulation of this receptor diminishes it. Since several pathophysiological phenomena are common for both ischemia and seizures, we have explored the effect of acute and chronic administration of the adenosine A 3 receptor selective agonist IB-MECA ( N 6 -(3-iodobenzyl) adenosine-5′- N -methylcarboxamide) prior to seizures induced by N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA), pentamethylenetetrazole, or electric shock. At 100 μg/kg, acutely injected IB-MECA was protective in chemically but not electrically induced seizures. In chronic administration of IB-MECA, significant protection against chemically induced seizures was obtained in all studied measures, i.e., seizure latency, neurological impairment, and survival. Although threshold voltage was unchanged in electrically induced seizures, a chronic regimen of IB-MECA significantly reduced postepileptic mortality. Since the combination of an arteriole-constricting compound 48 80 and hypotension-inducing clonidine injected prior to NMDA results in a significant protection against seizures, and since acute stimulation of adenosine A 3 receptor causes both arteriolar constriction and severe hypotension, there is a possibility that the protection obtained by the acutely administered drug may result from inadequate delivery of chemoconvulsants to the brain. It is, however, unknown whether the protective effect of chronically administered IB-MECA is related to the effect of the drug on blood flow, neuronal mechanisms, or both.
Increasing and decreasing tip projection in rhinoplasty

An understanding of the anatomic factors that contribute to nasal tip support is paramount to developing a logical surgical sequence for controlling tip projection. Increasing tip projection can be accomplished by using several surgical techniques in a graduated fashion. A columellar strut is combined with advancing the medial crura on the strut, supplemented with additional domal sutures to increased tip projection. These techniques are then supplemented with onlay tip grafts. In cases requiring significant increases in tip projection, such as secondary cases, autogenous costal cartilage grafts may be necessary. A similar graduate approach is used to decrease tip projection. Disrupting the attachments of the lateral crura to the upper lateral cartilages with intercartilaginous incisions or cephalic margin resections, combined with a complete transfixion incision will result in a decrease in tip projection. If additional tip projection is desired, the lateral crura are transected laterally, the ends of the cartilage are overlapped, and suture stabilized. This is followed by a similar procedure with the medial crura to obtain the desired amount of decreased tip projection. Following this algorithmic approach to increasing or decreasing tip projection provides the surgeon with a logical sequence for intraoperative decision-making.
Modulation of the adaptive response to stress by brain activation of selective somatostatin receptor subtypes

Somatostatin-14 was discovered in 1973 in the hypothalamus as a peptide inhibiting growth hormone release. Somatostatin interacts with five receptor subtypes (sst1−5) which are widely distributed in the brain with a distinct, but overlapping, expression pattern. During the last few years, the development of highly selective peptide agonists and antagonists provided new insight to characterize the role of somatostatin receptor subtypes in the pleiotropic actions of somatostatin. Recent evidence in rodents indicates that the activation of selective somatostatin receptor subtypes in the brain blunts stress-corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) related ACTH release (sst2/5), sympathetic-adrenal activaton (sst5), stimulation of colonic motility (sst1), delayed gastric emptying (sst5), suppression of food intake (sst2) and the anxiogenic-like (sst2) response. These findings suggest that brain somatostatin signaling pathways may play an important role in dampening CRF-mediated endocrine, sympathetic, behavioral and visceral responses to stress.
The case against the superinsulated house

The energy needed to condition an average residential building in a heating-dominated region is analysed, using the DOE-2.1 energy analysis computer program. The objective of this study is to identify those energy conservation measures that are economically viable, and answer the question, ‘Does the superinsulated house make economical sense?’ Parameters that are varied include: thermostat control, infiltration rate, number of window panes, wall and ceiling insulation thicknesses, and glass conductance. Certain conservation measures are not recommended because of high initial costs and the low savings which result; these include high envelope insulation thickness, triple-pane glass, and window insulating panels. The results show that air infiltration dominates the annual energy consumption. Significant savings can be achieved when set-back and set-up are used, because of the low cost of the thermostat as compared with the corresponding savings. The study includes an economic analysis that compares the predicted savings with the present value for each conservation measure.
Simulating tape resin infiltration during thermoset pultrusion process

Abstract The thermoset tape pultrusion is a widely adopted manufacturing process to produce long, constant cross-section composite structural parts. For high volume production, low cost can be achieved by maximizing the production rate which is a function of the material and process parameters, more specifically the rate of resin infiltration and resin cure. During resin infiltration, the resin saturates the dry reinforcement either under positive pressure in the pressure chamber, or, by the action of capillary and surface forces, within the resin bath. In either case, the saturation must be completed as the tape is squeezed into the final cross-sectional form at the entrance of the heated mold where the resin will be cured to form the composite part. This paper models the resin infiltration process during pultrusion, by modifying the pre-existing simulation tool for liquid molding processes. The formulated capability can be used not only to optimize the impregnation dynamics within the pressure chamber, but can also be used to predict the required forces for the selected pulling rate. The proposed model does allow one to handle a variety of tape cross-sections, not just rectangular prisms.
Do Physiological Integration and Soil Heterogeneity Influence the Clonal Growth and Foraging of Schoenoplectus pungens

Physiological integration and foraging behavior have both been proposed as advantages for clonal growth in heterogeneous environments. We tested three predictions concerning their short- and long-term effects on the growth of the clonal perennial sedge Schoenoplectus pungens (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz and R. Keller: (1) growth would be greatest for clones with connected rhizomes and on heterogeneous soil, (2) clones would preferentially place biomass in the nutrient-rich patches of a spatially heterogeneous environment, and (3) physiological integration would decrease a clone’s ability to forage. We tested our predictions by growing S. pungens clones for 2 years in an experimental garden with two severing treatments (connected and severed rhizomes) crossed with two soil treatments (homogeneous and heterogeneous nutrient distribution). Severing treatments were only carried out in the first year. As predicted, severing significantly decreased total biomass and per capita growth rate in year one and individual ramet biomass both in year one and the year after severing stopped. This reduction in growth was most likely caused by severing damage, because the total biomass and growth rate in severed treatments did not vary with soil heterogeneity. Contrary to our prediction, total biomass and number of ramets were highest on homogeneous soil at the end of year two, regardless of severing treatment, possibly because ramets in heterogeneous treatments were initially planted in a nutrient-poor patch. Finally, as predicted, S. pungens concentrated ramets in the nutrient-rich patches of the heterogeneous soil treatment. This foraging behavior seemed enhanced by physiological integration in the first year, but any possible enhancement disappeared the year after severing stopped. It seems that over time, individual ramets become independent, and parent ramets respond independently to the conditions of their local microsite when producing offspring, a life-history pattern that may be the rule for clonal species with the spreading “guerrilla” growth form.
Nasopharyngeal phase reversal of cerebral evoked potentials and theoretical dipole implications.

Abstract In 15 normal human subjects cerebral evoked potentials (visual, somatosensory and auditory) were recorded from a nasopharyngeal electrode referred to a balanced non-cephalic reference. For all subjects components prior to 120 msec were similar in phase and amplitude to potentials recorded concomitantly from the scalp. In 12 subjects nasopharyngeal potentials with latencies from approximately 120 to 400 msec showed a 180° phase shift compared to concomitant scalp potentials. One explanation for this shift is the existence of a deep dipole source. Analysis of the data was made using a mathematical model consisting of a spherical homogeneous conductive medium and the construction of a theoretical dipole source that could produce the potentials observed at the scalp and nasopharyngeal recording sites. The results of the mathematical analysis were consistent with early components of the cerebral evoked potentials reflecting potential changes near the surface and longer latency components originating deep within the hemispheres.
Integrative risk and uncertainty analysis for complex public sector operational systems

Abstract Complex public sector operational systems are affected not only by the equipment and software that are used, but also by the personnel who operate the equipment, the procedures specified, the organizational culture, political considerations, and previous management decisions affecting these factors. Because of system complexity, efforts to conduct risk analyses in such environments have typically focused only on specific parts of the operation and have thus not provided a holistic view of the sources of uncertainty and the impacts of various risk elements. In this paper, an integrative framework for performing risk and uncertainty analysis for complex public sector operational systems is developed and described. A set of nested influence diagrams is used to summarize and characterize the important relationships in the system and the uncertainties affecting system output. The relationships within each influence diagram are then modeled analytically or empirically and appropriate risk and uncertainty analysis techniques are chosen for each system component. The results from the individual analyses are then aggregated to obtain a holistic view of the overall risks. The integrative approach is illustrated through a real case study performed for the US Coast Guard's International Ice Patrol. The case study illustrates how sources of uncertainty are identified, models of subsystems are developed that incorporate the uncertain factors, and analyses are performed and synthesized to assess the overall risks associated with determining the “Limits of All Known Ice.” The case study demonstrates that risk analyses can be successfully performed even for very complex operational systems using the integrative approach.
An Apparent Exception to Schwarz’s Dictum, “No Acid — No Ulcer”

IT has been said that peptic-ulcer disease does not occur in the absence of gastric acid — i.e., "no acid — no ulcer."1 This statement has been referred to as Schwarz's dictum.2 The patient describ...
CIRCUMFERENTIAL FLOW IN SCHLEMM'S CANAL

A model of Schlemm's canal was designed and analyzed mathematically. The effect of canal width on intraocular pressure was examined, and the pressure and flow distribution in the canal were calculated.
The Case of Martha Deane: Sexuality and Power at Cold War UCLA

Despite widespread support for the postwar expansion of higher education, U.S. colleges and universities in the early 1950s were not isolated from broader social currents, and the deep social anxieties and political tensions of the Cold War found their way onto college campuses. In 1952, the University of California was still reeling from the loyalty oath controversy. In the late 1940s the University of California, like other universities nationwide, had been viewed with increasing suspicion by anti-Communist groups. The search for subversives in California institutions, spearheaded by the Tenney Committee of the California State Legislature, led the University of California's Board of Regents to add a disclaimer of membership in any organization advocating the overthrow of the United States to the oath of allegiance already required of faculty. In an atmosphere of rising hysteria about possible subversives and Communists in academia, on February 24, 1950, the Regents voted to fire anyone employed by the University of California who failed to sign the oath. This decision led to strong opposition from students and faculty. Despite these protests, and particularly after the outbreak of the Korean War in June, 1950, the Regents held firm. On August 25, 1950, thirty-one members of the University of California faculty were dismissed because they refused to sign the loyalty oath. None of them was accused of being a Communist or subversive. After an appellate court ruled against the Regents, in October 1951 the Regents voted to rescind the oath, but maintained their stance that the university would not employ Communists. Although the California Supreme Court upheld the ruling of the appellate court and the non-signers were reinstated to the university, the mood at the university, as in the nation as a whole, continued to be one of anxiety and unease.
Impact of small-scale spatial rainfall variability on runoff modeling

Rainfall and wind data obtained from a dense raingage network on a 4.4 ha semiarid catchment were used as input to a distributed rainfall-runoff model. It was shown that the wind direction and velocity have a relatively small impact on peak rate and runoff volume for this low relief watershed. However, even at this small scale, spatial variability of precipitation can translate into large variations in modeled runoff. When five model runs were conducted using input from one of five recording raingages, one at a time, the coefficient of variation for peak rate and runoff volume ranged from 9 to 76%, and from 2 to 65%, respectively, over eight observed storm events. By using four well distributed gages the variations in modeled runoff volume approach the sampling resolution of the raingages as well as the estimated accuracy of runoff volume and peak rate observations. The results of this study indicate that if distributed catchment modeling is to be conducted at the 5 ha scale in an environment dominated by convective air-mass thunderstorm rainfall, knowledge of the spatial rainfall variability on the same scale is required. A single raingage with the standard uniform rainfall assumption can lead to large uncertainties in runoff estimation.
Coordinated variation in ecophysiological properties among life stages and tissue types in an invasive perennial forb of semiarid shrub steppe

Semiarid lands of North America are vulnerable to invasion by exotic forbs that frequently have an extended phenology compared with native herbaceous species. We hypothesized that photosynthetic st...
Development of modified siRNA molecules incorporating 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine residues to enhance cytotoxicity

Therapeutic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are composed of chemically modified nucleotides, which enhance RNA stability and increase affinity in Watson-Crick base pairing. However, the precise fate of such modified nucleotides once the siRNA is degraded within the cell is unknown. Previously, we demonstrated that deoxythymidine release from degraded siRNAs reversed the cytotoxicity of thymidylate synthase (TS)-targeted siRNAs and other TS inhibitor compounds. We hypothesized that siRNAs could be designed with specific nucleoside analogues that, once released, would enhance siRNA cytotoxicity. TS-targeted siRNAs were designed that contained 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdU) moieties at various locations within the siRNA. After transfection, these siRNAs suppressed TS protein and messenger RNA expression with different efficiencies depending on the location of the FdU modification. FdU was rapidly released from the siRNA as evidenced by formation of the covalent inhibitory ternary complex formed between TS protein and the FdU metabolite, FdUMP. These modified siRNAs exhibited 10-100-fold greater cytotoxicity and induced multiple DNA damage repair and apoptotic pathways when compared with control siRNAs. The strategy of designing siRNA molecules that incorporate cytotoxic nucleosides represents a potentially novel drug development approach for the treatment of cancer and other human diseases.
The ErbB3-binding protein Ebp1 suppresses androgen receptor-mediated gene transcription and tumorigenesis of prostate cancer cells

Down-regulation of the androgen receptor (AR) is being evaluated as an effective therapy for the advanced stages of prostate cancer. We report that Ebp1, a protein identified by its interactions with the ErbB3 receptor, down-regulates expression of AR and AR-regulated genes in the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line. Using microarray analysis, we identified six endogenous AR target genes, including the AR itself, that are down-regulated by ebp1 overexpression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that Ebp1 was recruited to the prostate-specific antigen gene promoter in response to the androgen antagonist bicalutamide, suggesting that Ebp1 directly affected the expression of AR-regulated genes in response to androgen antagonists. Ebp1 expression was reduced in cells that had become androgen-independent. Androgens failed to stimulate either the growth of ebp1 transfectants or transcription of AR-regulated reporter genes in these cells. The agonist activity of the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate was abolished in ebp1 transfectants. In severe combined immunodeficient mice, Ebp1 overexpression resulted in a reduced incidence of LNCaP tumors and slower tumor growth. These findings suggest that Ebp1 is a previously unrecognized therapeutic target for treatment of hormone refractory prostate cancer.
Do service innovations influence the adoption of electronic health records in long-term care organizations? Results from the U.S. National Survey of Residential Care Facilities

a b s t r a c t Objective: Healthcare organizations including residential care facilities (RCFs) are diversifying their services to meet market demands. Service innovations have been linked to the changes in the way that healthcare organizations organize their work. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between organizational service innovations and Electronic Health Record (EHR) adoption in the RCFs. Methods: We used the data from the 2010 National Survey of Residential Care Facilities conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The outcome was whether an RCF adopted EHR or not, and the predictors were the organizational service innovations including provision of skilled nursing care and medication review. We also added facility characteristics as control variables. Weighted multivariate logistic regressions were used to estimate the relationship between service innovation factors and EHR adoption in the RCFs. Results: In 2010, about 17.4% of the RCFs were estimated to use EHR. Multivariate analysis showed that RCFs employing service innovations were more likely to adopt EHR. The residential care facilities that provide skilled nursing services to their residents are more likely (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.09–1.87) to adopt EHR. Similarly, RCFs with a provision of medication review were also more likely to adopt EHR (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.00–1.95). Among the control variables, facility size, chain affiliation, ownership type, and Medicaid certification were significantly associated with EHR adoption. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that service innovations may drive EHR adoption in the RCFs in the United States. This can be viewed as a strategic attempt by RCFs to engage in a new business arrangement with hospitals and other health care organizations, where
Calorie labeling and consumer estimation of calories purchased

Studies rarely find fewer calories purchased following calorie labeling implementation. However, few studies consider whether estimates of the number of calories purchased improved following calorie labeling legislation. Researchers surveyed customers and collected purchase receipts at fast food restaurants in the United States cities of Philadelphia (which implemented calorie labeling policies) and Baltimore (a matched comparison city) in December 2009 (pre-implementation) and June 2010 (post-implementation). A difference-in-difference design was used to examine the difference between estimated and actual calories purchased, and the odds of underestimating calories. Participants in both cities, both pre- and post-calorie labeling, tended to underestimate calories purchased, by an average 216–409 calories. Adjusted difference-in-differences in estimated-actual calories were significant for individuals who ordered small meals and those with some college education (accuracy in Philadelphia improved by 78 and 231 calories, respectively, relative to Baltimore, p = 0.03-0.04). However, categorical accuracy was similar; the adjusted odds ratio [AOR] for underestimation by >100 calories was 0.90 (p = 0.48) in difference-in-difference models. Accuracy was most improved for subjects with a BA or higher education (AOR = 0.25, p < 0.001) and for individuals ordering small meals (AOR = 0.54, p = 0.001). Accuracy worsened for females (AOR = 1.38, p < 0.001) and for individuals ordering large meals (AOR = 1.27, p = 0.028). We concluded that the odds of underestimating calories varied by subgroup, suggesting that at some level, consumers may incorporate labeling information.
J. DAVID SINGER

J. David Singer, a globally recognized scholar of international politics, died Monday, December 28, 2009, in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He was involved in an auto accident on September 22 and had been hospitalized since. At the time of his death, Singer was Professor Emeritus at the University of Michigan, where he'd been on the faculty from 1958 until retiring in 2002. He was 84 years old.
The synthesis of carbon-14 labeled chloroform.

A procedure is described for the synthesis of carbon-14 labeled chloroform, starting with BaC14O3 and involving the preparation of barium carbide, acetylene, acetaldehyde, and finally chloroform in an over-all yield of 36%.
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A): a transcriptional target of PAX3-FKHR and mediates PAX3-FKHR–dependent motility in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cells

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) has a high propensity to metastasize, leading to its aggressiveness and a poor survival rate among those with the disease. More than 80% of aggressive ARMSs harbor a PAX3-FKHR fusion transcription factor, which regulates cell migration and promotes metastasis, most likely by regulating the fusion protein’s transcriptional targets. Therefore, identifying druggable transcription targets of PAX3-FKHR that are also downstream effectors of PAX3-FKHR–mediated cell migration and metastasis may lead to novel therapeutic approaches for treating ARMS. To identify genes whose expression is directly affected by the level of PAX3-FKHR in an ARMS cellular-context, we first developed an ARMS cell line in which PAX3-FKHR is stably down-regulated, and showed that stably downregulating PAX3-FKHR in ARMS cells significantly decreased the cells’ motility. We used microarray analysis to identify genes whose expression level decreased when PAX3-FKHR was downregulated. We used mutational analysis, promoter reporter assays, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays to determine whether PAX3-FKHR binds to the promoter region of the target gene. We used siRNA and pharmacologic inhibitor to downregulate the target gene of PAX3-FKHR and investigated the effect of such downregulation on cell motility. We found that when PAX3-FKHR was downregulated, the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) decreased. We showed that PAX3-FKHR binds to a paired-domain binding-site in the CPT1A promoter region, indicating that CPT1A is a novel transcriptional target of PAX3-FKHR. Furthermore, downregulating CPT1A decreased cell motility in ARMS cells, indicating that CPT1A is a downstream effector of PAX3-FKHR–mediated cell migration and metastasis. Taken together, we have identified CPT1A as a novel transcriptional target of PAX3-FKHR and revealed the novel function of CPT1A in promoting cell motility. CPT1A may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of ARMS.
Psiactive Networking for Military Applications - A Predictive Cross-Layer Approach

This paper introduces the concepts for a unique adaptive reasoning-based prediction approach to address the complex problem of network-wide cross-layer control and management of real-time dynamic networks such as mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Psiactive? Networking (?Net) is network-centric not node-centric. ?Net embodies a framework, a family of architectures and sets of default algorithms whose purpose is to solve the hard real-world problems of such networks. It is based on the philosophy that adaptive prediction must be the normal mode of a network's operation in order to substantially increase the likelihood of the network correctly responding to events and user demands within operationally-useful time constraints. ?Net fuses (integrates) key information from multiple network layers (or planes) around a common `Town Center". This paper introduces the default mechanisms for each of ?Net's four cornerstones and how Psiactive Networking handles the complexities of a network characterized by a large number of nodes and major dynamic parameters (e.g., node motion, multicast group reconfiguration, battery power). Fuzzy logic reasoning techniques are applied to the fused information to support the reliable prediction of future needed network services, resources and the accompanying maintenance of existing and future services/resources. ("Services" includes major components of network services.) Qualitative comparisons are made to the cognitive networking approach presented in [11]. The nature and scope of this paper is similar to that of [11] with extensive experimental results anticipated as future activities.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND ACADEMIC HEALTH CENTERS

Academic Health Centers have become an increasingly important locus of inventive activity in biomedicine. The observed increase in patenting and licensing activity taking place at AHCs has called attention to this phenomenon but has also raised questions about the impact on the creation and diffusion of important technologies and research tools. This paper explores the contributions of academic health centers in generating new medical technologies, addressing the ways in which intellectual property rights affect technological innovation and diffusion. The paper underscores the relevance of understanding important features of the innovative process, namely the nature and degree of uncertainty in technological change. The paper draws on patent data and case studies from Columbia and Stanford University to illustrate these issues and raises questions about the costs and benefits of various commercialization strategies and university patenting approaches.
Facebook privacy settings: Who cares?

With over 500 million users, the decisions that Facebook makes about its privacy settings have the potential to influence many people. While its changes in this domain have often prompted privacy advocates and news media to critique the company, Facebook has continued to attract more users to its service. This raises a question about whether or not Facebook's changes in privacy approaches matter and, if so, to whom. This paper examines the attitudes and practices of a cohort of 18- and 19-year-olds surveyed in 2009 and again in 2010 about Facebook's privacy settings. Our results challenge widespread assumptions that youth do not care about and are not engaged with navigating privacy. We find that, while not universal, modifications to privacy settings have increased during a year in which Facebook's approach to privacy was hotly contested. We also find that both frequency and type of Facebook use as well as Internet skill are correlated with making modifications to privacy settings. In contrast, we observe few gender differences in how young adults approach their Facebook privacy settings, which is notable given that gender differences exist in so many other domains online. We discuss the possible reasons for our findings and their implications.
Streptococcal pharyngitis leading to corneal ulceration.

Purpose: To report a patient with a history of exposure keratopathy who presented with bilateral bacterial keratitis associated with streptococcal pharyngitis and use of bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP).Design: Case report.Methods: Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of patient isolates from ocular and pharyngeal cultures.Results: Ocular and oropharyngeal cultures from a 24-month-old child with a history of cerebral palsy on BiPAP at night revealed the same strain of Streptococcus pyogenes.Conclusions: Use of mechanical ventilation, such as BiPAP, may precipitate inoculation of eye with respiratory or oropharyngeal pathogens. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first report demonstrating the association between concurrent streptococcal pharygitis, keratitis, and use of BiPAP.
A Novel Real-Time Capacitance Estimation Methodology for Battery-Less Wireless Sensor Systems

This paper presents a novel method to read a passive capacitive sensor in telemetry by using inductive coupling. While classical inductive coupling approaches measure sensor capacitance by identifying the resonant frequency of the sensor with a sweep of radio frequency (RF) signals, the proposed method estimates the capacitance change in real-time by algebraically manipulating two measurements (the magnitude and the phase of the reflected sensor impedance). Only one RF signal is used in the proposed method instead of a frequency sweep. Analysis is provided to show that some physical parameter errors can deteriorate the capability of the proposed method in accurately measuring sensor capacitance. However, the use of a first order calibration procedure based on error analysis overcomes this shortcoming. Extensive experimental results with the proposed method combined with a first order calibration show that multifrequency and rapid changes in sensor capacitance can be estimated reliably under varying locations and orientations of the interrogator. The battery-less wireless sensors enabled by the developed technology in this paper can be widely used for measurement of fluid pressure, force, acceleration and other capacitance-change based sensor measurements.
Octopux: an advanced automated setup for testing superconductor circuits

An integrated multipurpose setup for the automated testing of superconductor devices and circuits has been designed, implemented, and installed in the RSFQ Laboratory of the State University of New York at Stony Brook. The extendable and modular design of the setup allows a wide variety of low-frequency superconductor experiments to be carried out including those that require immediate interaction between the setup and the researcher.
Allopurinol-Induced Myocardial and Renal Damage in Nonarteriosclerotic (Virgin) and Arteriosclerotic (Breeder) Sprague-Dawley Rats

SummaryNon-arteriosclerotic (virgin) and arteriosclerotic (breeder), male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with high (40 mg), moderate (10 mg) and low (5 mg) doses of the potent xanthine oxidase inhibiting agent, allopurinol. After 10 days of treatment, the animals began to die suddenly due to myocardial infarction, hepatic necrosis and nephrotoxic damage. Serum enzyme levels, e.g., CPK, SGOT and LDH, were abnormally elevated in both the myocardial infarct prone breeder rats and the otherwise healthy, virgin rats commensurate with a high incidence of heart damage in both the virgin and breeder rats. Although the high dose of allopurinol caused fatty infiltration of the liver, the experimental animals were hypolipidemic. The severity of islet beta cell degranulation paralleled the degree of hyperglycemia in all animals given allopurinol. Elevated BUN levels, high circulating urate levels, hydronephrosis, and urate stones were commensurate with the dose of allopurinol administered. Increased adrenal weight,...
Morphological Stability of Electron Beam Melted Aluminum Alloys

For constant velocity solidification, morphological stability theory delineates the temperature gradients required for plane front solidification of a specific alloy. Using electron beams, surface heating of metals can be carried out with sufficiently well characterized thermal input to permit reliable use of computer models of melting and solidification. From numerical calculations, the growth velocity and temperature gradients as a function of position during resolidification can be obtained; combining these results with (constant velocity) morphological stability theory indicates the resoli-dification regimes for which the plane front is unstable. Presumably, completely planar solidification may be attained by selecting heating modes such that the region of instability is totally avoided, but the expected interface morphology is more difficult to predict if the interface passes briefly through an unstable region and then re-enters a region of stability. Aluminum-silver and aluminum-manganese alloys were melted under an electron beam with particular emphasis on attaining solidification sufficiently rapidly to satisfy the gradient-independent absolute stability condition. It was found that the velocities required to produce stability were considerably larger than expected.
Influence of Planetary Needle Bearings on the Performance of Single and Double Pinion Planetary Systems

Planetary gears are widely used in automotive and aerospace applications. Due to demands for greater power density, these gearsets often operate at extremely high stress levels. This has caused system level influences once considered secondary to become critical to the success of planetary gears. One such system level effect that has been largely overlooked is the influence of support structures like planetary needle bearings. There are interactions between the gear distributed loads and the resulting bearing loads and deflections that have implications for both gear and bearing designs. Also, double pinion planetary arrangements are increasingly becoming common. There are still greater interactions between the gear and bearing components in double pinion planetary arrangements. In this paper, we will examine the influence of the bearing deflections (tilt) on the gear load distribution and contact pattern. We will also show the influence of distributed gear loads on the bearing loads (moments) and deflections (tilts). Both, single and double pinion planetary arrangements will be considered. It will be shown that the tilting stiffnesses of the needle bearings have a major influence on gear contact pattern and consequently on contact and bending stresses. It will also be shown that the double pinion planetary arrangement is more likely to result in off-centered loading. Parametric studies will be performed to show the influence of a few design parameters. Theoretical derivations will be validated by numerical simulations. A system level gear analysis model (GSAM) will be used to illustrate the issues involved and quantify the results.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
The Modes of the Ego in Self-Hypnosis

In this study, the diary entries of thirty subjects who practiced self-hypnosis for twenty-eight consecutive days were analyzed carefully with regard to manifestations of four ego modes: ego activity, ego receptivity, ego passivity, and ego inactivity. Results snowed that ego activity (decision making, structuring of the experiences) and ego receptivity (openness to stimuli rising from within) are essential elements in self-hypnosis, while ego inactivity (“nothing happens”) and ego passivity (feeling overwhelmed) rarely occur in the self-hypnotic experiences of healthy subjects. Ego receptivity is central to self-hypnosis. It is strongly positively related to vivid imagery, absorption, self-hypnotic trance depth, and also to hetero-hypnotic susceptibility. Personality characteristics of subjects who demonstrate high ego receptivity are: a need for independence, self-reliance, and trust in one's own unconscious. On the other hand, a greater preponderance of ego activity in self-hypnosis is to be found in s...
Trade-off design for high speed pulse propagation in microstrip lines

Parameter trade-off for minimizing high-speed pulse distortion on a microstrip line is investigated. The sensitivity of physical parameters to conductor loss, dielectric loss, and inflection frequency is first studied and then summarized in a compact and easy-to-use format. The results of this work will provide designers with simple and effective guidelines for designing microstrip lines with a reduced output signal distortion © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A role for lectin interactions during human neutrophil aggregation.

We have recently reported that neutrophil aggregation is dependent on both L-selectin and the beta 2-integrin Mac-1, raising the possibility that carbohydrate interactions play a role in aggregation. We used mono- and polysaccharides known to inhibit L-selectin-dependent adhesion of lymphocytes to high endothelial venules to test whether these carbohydrates could inhibit neutrophil aggregation. Similar types and concentrations of carbohydrates found by others to inhibit lymphocyte adhesion were effective in blocking neutrophil aggregation. Thus, nanomolar concentrations of the polysaccharides dextran sulfate (m.w. 500,000) and fucoidan inhibited aggregation, whereas dermatan sulfate, alpha-carrageenan, and dextran sulfate (m.w. 5,000) showed no inhibition. All of the phosphorylated monosaccharides tested inhibited aggregation with ED50 values between 8 and 17 mM, the most potent being mannose-6-phosphate and fucose-1-phosphate. The nonphosphorylated monosaccharides glucose and fucose were noninhibitory. The inhibitory effects of fucoidan or dextran sulfate (m.w. 500,000) did not appear to be due to altered regulation of L-selectin after stimulation because fucoidan reduced the rate of L-selectin shedding, whereas dextran sulfate had no effect compared with control. Neither carbohydrate inhibited the binding of formyl peptide to its receptor. However, carbohydrates were able to compete with mAb binding to a number of known leukocyte adhesion proteins. We used endotoxin pretreatment to create L-selectin-deficient neutrophils to study the minimum adhesive requirements for aggregation using two-color fluorescence flow cytometry. Our results implicate a lectinlike contribution to neutrophil aggregation, and suggest that L-selectin is the molecule that mediates the carbohydrate-dependent adhesive event.
Antibiotic Susceptibilities of 120 Strains of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Patients at a Children's Hospital Decline of Hospital Staphylococci as Compared with Staphylococci in Outpatients. A Reversal

The antibiotic sensitivities of 120 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from both hospitalized patients and outpatients at Children's Memorial Hospital, Oklahoma City were studied. The proportions of strains resistant to the commonly used antibiotics were considerably lower than that found by other workers in earlier years, except for penicillin G. Of the 120 strains, 98 (81.7%) were resistant to penicillin G, 13 (10.8%) to tetracycline, 9 (7.5%) to erythromycin, and 3 (2.5%) to clindamycin. No strains resistant against cephalothin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, or oxacillin were found. Sixteen strains (13.3 %), of which 5 were inpatient strains and 11 were outpatient strains, were found to be resistant to more than one drug. Phage group 1 or type 80/81 staphylococci were not found among multiple resistant strains from hospitalized patients.
Fatal Tension Pneumoperitoneum Due to Non-Accidental Trauma

A previously healthy two-year-old boy presented to the emergency department with vomiting. He was cyanotic with mottling of both lower extremities. He was in respiratory distress with retractions and diminished breath sounds. His abdomen was distended and rigid. He had a pulse of 170 beats per minute, blood pressure of 144/69mmHg and respiratory rate of 42 breaths per minute. He was endotracheally intubated. Chest and abdominal radiographs demonstrated a tension pneumoperitoneum (Figure 1). Figure 1 White arrows demonstrate medial displacement of viscera. Free air is present. Abdominal decompression was performed with a 16-gauge needle in the left lower quadrant. Bilateral tube thoracotomies were also performed. Post-decompression radiograph demonstrated continued free air but normal lie of organs and viscera (Figure 2). The patient then went into cardiopulmonary arrest. Chest compressions, epinephrine, bicarbonate, atropine and calcium gluconate were administered, but he did not regain spontaneous circulation. Subsequent autopsy and investigation determined the patient had been a victim of non-accidental trauma resulting in gastric rupture. Figure 2 After decompression viscera demonstrate normal lie. Free air is still present. In pediatric patients tension pneumoperitoneum is a rare complication described after reduction of intussusceptions, mouth-to-mouth breathing, iatrogenic bowel perforations, and positive pressure ventilation.1–4 It has not been described as a complication of non-accidental trauma. The increase in intra-abdominal pressure causes multiple physiologic derangements including decreased cardiac return via compression of the inferior vena cave and respiratory failure due to splinting of the diaphragms.3 Initial symptoms include abdominal pain and distension followed by hypoxia and shock.1–4 Diagnosis is clinical, but radiographs will demonstrate free air and medial displacement of the solid organs and viscera. If not recognized and promptly treated tension pneumoperitoneum can rapidly lead to cardiopulmonary arrest. Treatment is emergent needle decompression followed by definitive laparotomy repair.4 Emergency medicine clinicians should be familiar with tension pneumoperitoneum as a cause of respiratory distress and cardiovascular collapse in the pediatric patient, as early recognition and treatment is critical in improving survival.
Focus on Children With Behavior Problems.

Positive mental health in children includes achieving appropriate developmental, emotional, and social milestones and using coping skills to function successfully at home, school, and in the community. Unfortunately, approximately 13% to 20% of children in the United States have a mental health problem, and many of these problems have a direct impact on their behavior (Perou et al., 2013). It is estimated that 25% ofchildrenwillhaveamentalhealthproblemsometime during their childhood or adolescence. Parents report that the most common behavioral diagnoses among children ages 3 to 17 years include attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (6.8%), conduct problems (3.5%), anxiety(3.0%),depression(2.1%),andautismspectrum