cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A remarkable property of the (co) syzygy modules of the residue field of a nonregular local ring

Let R be a commutative noetherian local ring with residue field k. We introduce two new invariants of R-modules and compute them for the module k. As a consequence, we show, when R is nonregular, that no direct sum of the syzygy modules of k surjects onto a nonzero module of finite projective dimension. A dual statement is also true: no direct sum of the cosyzygy modules of k (in an injective resolution) contains a nonzero module of finite injective dimension with nonzero scale.
Obstacles and Options to Faith-Based HIV Service Delivery to Low-Income Inner City Residents Perspectives of Black Clergy With Commuter Congregations

The growing presence of HIV in urban communities with sizable Black commuter congregations demands that social service providers understand niche opportunities for faith-based HIV service delivery. Focus groups were conducted with 16 clergy serving commuter congregations about the feasibility of faith-based HIV service delivery to low-income residents. Using thematic analysis, four major themes emerged: (a) Clergy see the need, but are not sure how to proceed; (b) prioritized sin; (c) push-back; and (d) niche ministries. These findings contribute new knowledge to our understanding of how Black churches with commuter congregations can respond to HIV service needs of low-income residents. Findings from this study suggest that commuter congregations are less likely to support HIV-related activities. Implications for future interventions are discussed.
Field test on Thyrite arresters

A study of the performance of Thyrite lightning arresters when subjected to artificial lightning discharges of 1,500,000 volts has been made. The results obtained under different operating conditions are discussed in some detail.
Diversification of a β-lactam pharmacophore via allylic C–H amination: accelerating effect of Lewis acid co-catalyst

This report describes the use of Pd(II)/bis-sulfoxide 1 catalyzed intra- and intermolecular allylic CeH amination reactions to rapidly diversify structures containing a sensitive b-lactam core similar to that found in the monobactam antibiotic Aztreonam. Pharmacologically interesting oxazolidinone, oxazinanone, and linear amine motifs are rapidly installed with predictable and high selectivities under conditions that use limiting amounts of substrate. Additionally, we demonstrate for the first time that intramolecular CeH amination processes may be accelerated using catalytic amounts of a Lewis acid cocatalyst [Cr(III)(salen)Cl 2].
Using spatial, seasonal, and diel drift patterns of larval Lost River suckers Deltistes luxatus (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae) and shortnose suckers Chasmistes brevirostris (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae) to help identify a site for a water withdrawal structure on the Williamson River, Oregon

A small irrigation diversion dam near Chiloquin, Oregon, was removed and replaced with a pump station to improve fish passage for Lost River suckers (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris) entering the Sprague River on their spawning migrations. During the developmental phase of the pump station, a need was identified to better understand the larval drift characteristics of these endangered catostomids in order to reduce entrainment into the irrigation system. The spatial, seasonal, and diel distribution of drifting larvae was measured during the 2004 spawning season at two proposed sites on the Williamson River where the pump station could be located. Larval drift for both species coincided with the irrigation season making them subject to entrainment into the irrigation system. Drift occurred almost exclusively at night with larvae entering the drift at sunset and exiting the drift at sunrise. Nighttime larval densities were concentrated near the surface and at midchannel at both sites. Densities were generally greater on the side of mid-channel with greater flow. During early morning sampling we detected a general shift in larval drift from surface to subsurface drift. We also observed an increase in larval densities towards the shore opposite from the proposed pump station at the upper site whereas larval densities remained high at midchannel at the lower site. During daytime sampling, the few larvae that were collected were distributed throughout the water column at both pump sites. This study found that larvae drifting during all time periods were generally distributed further across the cross section, deeper in the water column, and closer to where the proposed water withdrawal structure would be built at the downstream site when compared to the upstream site. Recommendations were provided to locate the withdrawal facility at the upstream site and operate it in a manner such that larval entrainment would likely be minimized.
Logic-Based Modeling and Solution of Nonlinear Discrete/Continuous Optimization Problems

This paper presents a review of advances in the mathematical programming approach to discrete/continuous optimization problems. We first present a brief review of MILP and MINLP for the case when these problems are modeled with algebraic equations and inequalities. Since algebraic representations have some limitations such as difficulty of formulation and numerical singularities for the nonlinear case, we consider logic-based modeling as an alternative approach, particularly Generalized Disjunctive Programming (GDP), which the authors have extensively investigated over the last few years. Solution strategies for GDP models are reviewed, including the continuous relaxation of the disjunctive constraints. Also, we briefly review a hybrid model that integrates disjunctive programming and mixed-integer programming. Finally, the global optimization of nonconvex GDP problems is discussed through a two-level branch and bound procedure.
Significance of the anomeric effect on the configurational stability of cyclopropyl carbanions

Abstract The effect of an electron withdrawing group adjacent to cyclopropyl carbanion has been studied. The facility with which carbanion interconversion occurs can be attributed to the existence of the anomeric effect.
Transgenic mice expressing a mutant keratin 10 gene reveal the likely genetic basis for epidermolytic hyperkeratosis.

Abstract Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (EH; previously called bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma) is an autosomal dominant skin disease of unknown etiology, affecting approximately 1 out of 300,000 people. It is typified by hyperkeratotic scaliness, blistering due to cytolysis within suprabasal epidermal cells, and hyperproliferation in basal cells. Histologically, EH epidermis exhibits a thickened stratum corneum and granular layer, with enlarged and irregular-shaped cells. Ultrastructurally, only suprabasal layers are affected, with three major aberrancies: (i) tonofilament clumping, (ii) nuclei and keratohyalin granules of irregular shape and size, and (iii) cell degeneration. We have discovered that transgenic mice expressing a mutant keratin 10 gene have the EH phenotype, thereby suggesting that a genetic basis for human EH residues in mutations in genes encoding suprabasal keratins K1 and K10. In addition, we show that (i) stimulation of basal cell proliferation can arise from a defect in suprabasal cells, and (ii) distortion of nuclear shape or aberrations in cytokinesis can occur when an intermediate filament network is perturbed.
Fast-ion orbit effects during ion-cyclotron range of frequency experiments on the Princeton large torus

The angular dependence of the flux of fast neutrals was measured in conjunction with Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequency experiments on the Princeton Large Torus. A regime was found where the energetic tail of the charge-exchange neutral flux was strongly anisotropic. Unexpectedly, however, the flux from co-going ions was peaked at an angle intermediate between perpendicular and parallel. This could be the consequence of a preferential filling of that class of banana orbits whose tips are located within the ion cyclotron resonance layer.
The effect of postharvest storage on taxol and cephalomannine concentrations in Taxus x media ‘Hicksii’ rehd

Abstract Clippings of Taxus x media ‘Hicksii’ were stored for up to 27 days at 4° and 22° to determine the effect of storage conditions on the concentration of taxol and cophalomannine. Although the clippings stored at 22° lost 12.7% more weight than when stored at 4° for 27 days, the yield of neither taxol nor cephalomannine was affected by storage temperature. Taxol concentrations in clippings were 40 and 26% higher in plant material stored at 22° and 4°, respectively, for nine days when compared to concentrations at harvest. There was 35% more cephalomannine after three and nine days of storage than at harvest time. After 27 days of storage, the yield for both taxol and cephalomannine was similar to the yield at harvest. These results indicate that the storage of fresh plant biomass for about nine days enhances the yield of both taxol and cephalomannine regardless of storage temperature.
A Delphi study to update CTE teacher competencies

Purpose – The purpose of this project was to create a contemporary taxonomy of Career and Technical Education (CTE) teacher competencies in order to evaluate and improve CTE teacher education.Design/methodology/approach – This study utilized a modified Delphi technique with a large sample of CTE experts – teachers, administrators, and teacher‐educators in the state of Michigan, USA to identify the competencies and their relative importance.Findings – As a result, new competencies were added and a number of old competencies were deleted or changed. The product of this research is a matrix of 144 competencies in 13 categories, which also shows the level of importance and degree of consensus for each competency.Research limitations/implications – The state plans to use the new competencies for a variety of purposes, however caution is advised for making conclusions and generalizations from the study for other applications.Practical implications – Using the matrix as its infrastructure, CTE teacher‐education ...
The remarkable social competence of young children

In this article the author discusses the kinds of social conflicts that are subject to social regulation — namely, those involving moral dilemmas and those revolving around customs, safety, and institutional rules. A summary is provided of the current research on moral understanding and social conflict resolution, describing the cognitive-developmental approach and social learning theory. The author then summarizes the results of her research which have indicated that there is a high degree of agreement in social rule understanding between children and adults. The major implications of this research for early childhood education are discussed.
Polymorphism in the somatic chromosomes ofNeotoma micropus Baird, the plains woodrat

Die somatischen Chromosomen von 100 Ratten (Wildfange),Neotoma micropus Baird (Cricetidae), zeigen ein nicht-Robertsonsches polymorphes System mit 2 verschiedenen homologen Chromosomenpaaren. Sie stellen 4 verschiedene Rattenpopulationen mit Polymorphismus dar.
Residence time distributions and reaction kinetics in a fuel cell anode

A method which treats the fuel cell anode as a chemical reactor is developed to predict fuel cell performance. The method is based on experimentally measured residence time distribution parameters and differential cell kinetic data. The apparatus and experimental technique used to obtain the gas-phase residence time distributions are described. Kinetic data obtained from differential cell tests of the electrodes are used to evaluate an empirical rate expression.
Throughput and fairness-aware dynamic network coding in wireless communication networks

Network Coding (NC) techniques have received a lot of attention from the research community for providing reliable broadcasting in error-prone wireless networks. The most common NC approach is segment coding, in which the packets are partitioned into segments, and linear NC is performed inside each segment. In order to increase the throughput of NC and decrease the decoding delay, dynamic coding schemes have been recently proposed. However, these methods incur many feedback messages. In this paper, we propose two dynamic NC schemes that achieve the maximum throughput and reduce the number of required feedback messages. Moreover, we propose a fair dynamic NC scheme that performs a trade-off between the throughput and the fairness in terms of decoding delay and the number of decodable packets at different destination nodes. Our simulation results show that our proposed dynamic NC method provides the same throughput as the ARQ for Network Coding (ANC) method, with up to 90% less feedback messages. Moreover, our fair dynamic NC can increase decoding delay fairness by about 80%.
Angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockade normalizes CD11b + monocyte production in bone marrow of hypercholesterolemic monkeys

The enhanced production of monocytes expressing pro-inflammatory markers such as the integrin CD11b in patients with hypercholesterolemia may promote vascular inflammation and exacerbate atherogenesis. The objective of the present study was to determine whether hypercholesterolemia stimulates the production of CD11b(+) monocytes in bone marrow, and whether the renin-angiotensin system participates in this process and thus provides a target for therapeutic intervention. The dietary induction of hypercholesterolemia in adult male cynomolgus monkeys was accompanied by increased bone marrow cellularity and elevated peripheral blood and bone marrow monocyte CD11b expression. Isolated bone marrow CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) evaluated by in vitro functional assays exhibited enhanced myeloproliferative capacity and differentiation into CD11b(+) monocytes. Treatment of hypercholesterolemic monkeys with the angiotensin II AT(1) receptor blocker losartan for 15 weeks reduced bone marrow cellularity, suppressed peripheral blood and bone marrow monocyte CD11b expression, and normalized CD34(+) cell function assays. All variables returned to pretreatment levels 6 weeks after discontinuation of losartan treatment. Hypercholesterolemia was associated with increased CD34(+) cell AT(1) receptor expression and an exaggerated in vitro myeloproliferative response to angiotensin II stimulation that positively correlated to plasma LDL concentrations. In vitro exposure to native low-density lipoproteins (LDL) also increased CD34(+) cell AT(1) receptor expression and the myeloproliferative response to angiotensin II stimulation in a dose-dependent and receptor-mediated manner. Our data provide support for a positive regulatory role of plasma LDL on AT(1) receptor-mediated HSC differentiation and the production of pro-atherogenic monocytes. LDL-regulated HSC function may explain in part hypercholesterolemia-induced inflammation as well as the anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects of AT(1) receptor blockers.
HEMODYNAMIC MATURATION IN VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (VLBW) INFANTS.† 1511

We investigated regional hemodynamic maturation over the first two weeks of life in 17 VLBW infants (775 to 1245 g, 24 to 31 weeks gestation). Infants did not have symptomatic PDA but were given indomethacin (Indo) for IVH prophylaxis. Middle cerebral (C) and superior mesenteric artery (M) Doppler blood flow velocities (BFV) and cardiac function were recorded before Indo at 6, 30 and 54 hours of age and before and after feeding on days 7 and 14 of life (Fig., M ± SE). Cardiac output (CO) increased (ANOVA, p < 0.05) over the first 14 days of life as a result of combined increases in stroke volume and heart rate (p < 0.05). Contractility did not change. Mean and end-distolic CBFV increased by 71 and 374%, respectively (ANOVA, p < 0.05), from 6 to 54 hours of life with no further change from 3 to 14 days. In contrast, baseline MBFV did not change over the first 54 hours of life, but coincident with the initiation of feedings increased by 54% (ANOVA, p < 0.05) from 3 to 14 days. In response to feeding, mean MBFV increased 35% (p < 0.05) on day #7 and 17% (p = ns) on day #14. The post-prandial MBFV did not differ significantly on days 7 and 14. Maturational increases in cardiac function and regional BFVs were not related statistically to changes in ductus arteriosus patency, BP, SaO2, pH or PaCO2. We conclude that in VLBW infants, cerebral and mesenteric regional BFVs and CO increase significantly over the first 2 weeks of life. Region specific patterns of hemodynamic maturation are observed, with cerebral BFV increasing in the first 54 hours of life and preprandial mesenteric BFV increasing from 3 to 14 days, after enteral nutrition has been established. (Supported by Wyeth Pediatrics.)
Reaction of derivatives of methyl 2,3-O-benzylidene-6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranoside with butyllithium: Synthesis of methyl 2, 6-dideoxy-4-O-methyl-α-L-erytho-hexopyranosid-3-ulose

Abstract Methyl 2,3- O -benzylidene-6-deoxy-α- L -mannopyranoside ( 2 ) reacted with butyllithium to give a mixture of 1,5-anhydro-3- C -butyl-1,2,6-trideoxy- L - ribo -hex-1-enitol ( 3 ) and its L - arabino analogue ( 4 ), together with methyl 2,3,6-trideoxy-α- L - erythro -hex-2-enopyranoside ( 5 ). In contrast, the 4- O -methyl analogue ( 8 ) of 2 was converted by butyllithium into methyl 2,6-dideoxy-4- O -methyl-α- L - erythro -hexo-pyranosid-3-ulose ( 9 ), which was further characterized as its oxime 10 . The 4- O -benzyl analogue of 8 , obtained as two separate diastereoisomers ( 6 and 7 ) differing in configuration at C-2 of the dioxolane ring, gave a complex mixture of products on treatment with butyllithium.
Mutagenicity of cyanate, a decomposition product of MNU

Knox reported that the short-term effects of the carcinogen methylnitrosourea (MNU) were due to the formation of its decomposition product, the cyanate ion. He showed that cell survival and DNA synthesis decreased as the concentration of MNU and the cyanate ion (NCO-) increased in the medium. Further, the product of MNU decomposition comigrated with NCO- when added to his chromatographic test system. However, Knox did not study the mutagenicity of MNU or its breakdown products. We compared the mutagenicity of MNU and potassium cyanate (KNCO) in mammalian cells. Our results demonstrate that, although it is toxic to cells, KNCO does not induce ouabain-resistant mutants in cultured Chinese hamster cells (V79).
A space-frequency algorithm for limited angle tomography

Computerized ionospheric tomography is a relatively new tomographic imaging system for reconstructing electron density distributions. This imaging system suffers from many physical constraints in the data acquisition system which result in severely limited data. The most significant of these limitations is the restricted detecting aperture. Because of the size of the missing cone in the spatial frequency domain, the incorporation of a priori information into the reconstruction process is essential for image reconstruction. This paper presents an algorithm which localizes frequency content in order to form a priori information on the space-frequency relationship of ionospheric distributions. >
Compact semiconductor light-emitting diodes for dynamic imaging of neuronal circuitry

We describe the use of compact green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for fluorescence optical imaging and demonstrate this for dynamic recording from cultured neurons. The efficient gallium-nitride-based LEDs have individual element sizes comparable to typical biological cells and are operated in proximity illumination mode for individual neurons. As periodic arrays, and with direct electrical control of each LED, a spatially periodic multicellular target can be induced to fluoresce in a predesigned spatiotemporal sequence, thereby providing a new approach to dynamic recording of small neural circuits.
Lifting-Surface Theory for Skewed and Swept Subsonic Wings

A new method is developed for solving the lifting-surface equation for thin subsonic wings which can also be interpreted as a vortex lattice method. The downwash equation is transformed into double integrals involving Cauchy-type singularities in the chordwise and spanwise directions. A technique developed by Lan for airfoil theory is used to reduce both integrals to a double summation. This method properly accounts for the leadingedge singularity, Cauchy singularity, and Kutta condition. The solutions generally compared well with other lifting-surface theories, but with much smaller computational times, and the method was found to be more accurate and converge faster than conventional vortex lattice methods. b c c
Using in-class assessment to inform signals and systems instruction

In this paper, we study two forms of in-class assessments, group exercises and individual exams, assigned in a junior level signals and systems course. We examine both the assessments themselves and students' work in response to these assignments. Our goals are to better understand how students apply mathematical foundations to signals and systems concepts, how in-class assessments are used, and how student work can be used to guide instruction and assessment design. To achieve these goals, we analyze student work with a focus on mathematical understanding, as well as classify a set of in-class exercises with respect to form and purpose. Through our work, we hope to aid instructors in enhancing instruction to promote students' understanding as well as to inform research methodology focused on student learning and understanding of complex concepts in signals and systems.
Linear current-to-voltage and voltage-to-current converters

Current-voltage (I-V) and voltage-current (V-I) converters for use in current-mode analog integrated circuits are described. The proposed I-V converter has 2.4 decades of linear range, a THD of 0.82% and a bandwidth of 10 MHz. The V-I converter exhibits 5 decades of linear range with a 30 MHz bandwidth at a 1muA bias current and introduces no additional non-linearities. Both circuits have been implemented in a 0.5mum standard digital CMOS process
Oncologists' and Primary Care Physicians' Awareness of Late and Long-Term Effects of Chemotherapy: Implications for Care of the Growing Population of Survivors

Because primary care providers may not be directly exposed to chemotherapy-related late effects, oncologists must communicate this information to primary care providers as patients transition to primary care settings.
Adaptive problems and possibilities in the temporal fenestration of tetrapod skulls.

Adaptive explanations for the temporal fenestration in reptiles are briefly reviewed. With few possible exceptions, fenestrate appeared first in the reptiles, and have seemingly evolved independently in several different phyletic lines. The several explanations for fenestration offered by previous authors include speculations that open spaces in the skull permitted bulging of the jaw-closing muscles, and that fenestrae formed in areas of reduced stress where the presence of bone would be functionally useless. The first of these does not readily apply to initial evolutionary stages; the second is more satisfactory. Certain features of muscular attachments to bones are dealt with, and their implications applied to the fenestration problem to add another possible explanation (which need not contradict previously published suggestions). Considerations of cranial strength in tetrapod skulls led to speculations on the lack of fenestration in temnospondyls, anthracosaurs, microsaurs and cotylosaurs. Emargination of the skull roof in turtles is also discussed.
A Multi-task Learning Framework for Joint Disease Risk Prediction and Comorbidity Discovery

Accurate assessment of patients' risk against a certain disease is pivotal to healthcare management and personalized medicine. Although a variety of risk prediction models have been proposed in the literature, these models are mostly single-task, i.e. they only predict the risk of one disease at a time. However, in practice, the risks of multiple related diseases are often studied together. By separately applying single-task model to these diseases, the relation between them, such as the common risk factors, will likely be lost. To address this problem, in this work we propose a multi-task framework that can jointly predict the risk of multiple related diseases. We characterize the disease relatedness by assuming that the co morbidities underlying these diseases have overlap. We develop an optimization-based formulation that can simultaneously predict the risk for all diseases and learn the shared comorbidities. To validate our model, we apply it to a real Electronic Health Record database with patients at risk of Congestive Heart Failure and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. We demonstrate that our model not only achieves good prediction accuracy but more importantly identifies a meaningful set of shared comorbidities that leads to deeper understanding of the association between the two diseases.
Brazing as a means of sealing ceramic membranes for use in advanced coal gasification processes

Coal is potentially a very inexpensive source of clean hydrogen fuel for use in fuel cells, turbines, and various process applications. To realize its potential however, efficient low-cost gas separation systems are needed to provide high purity oxygen that will enhance the coal gasification reaction and to extract hydrogen from the resulting gas product stream. Several types of inorganic membranes are being developed for hydrogen or oxygen separation, including porous alumina, transition metal oxide perovskites, and zirconia. Because they form the heart of the working device, numerous advances have been made in the fabrication and performance of these membrane materials. However, less emphasis has been placed on the materials that will be used in the balance of the device; in particular, the seals that bond the functional ceramic to the metallic structural component. In an effort to begin addressing this issue, we have examined ceramic-to-metal brazing as a method of sealing a model set of gas separation component materials: yttria-stabilized zirconia and stainless steel. In comparative high-temperature exposure testing of joints prepared using commercial brazes and a newly conceived braze alloy, the commercial material proved to be unsuitable due to excessive oxidation. On the other hand, the new material not only displayed superior oxidation resistance, but also excellent hermeticity in prototypic membrane testing.
Density‐dependent charge asymmetry and the coulomb energy anomaly

The ‘‘discrepancy’’ between measured and calculated isodoublet mass splittings results from an overly optimistic view of the accuracy of present theory. In fact, charge symmetry breaking interactions are both sufficiently large and sufficiently uncertain that the ‘‘best’’ theoretical estimates of the isodoublet splittings bracket the measured values within a fairly broad uncertainty.
Tit for Tat? The Spiraling Effect of Incivility in the Workplace

In this article we introduce the concept of workplace incivility and explain how incivility can potentially spiral into increasingly intense aggressive behaviors. To gain an understanding of the mechanisms that underlie an “incivility spiral,” we examine what happens at key points: the starting and tipping points. Furthermore, we describe several factors that can facilitate the occurrence and escalation of an incivility spiral and the secondary spirals that can result. We offer research propositions and discuss implications of workplace incivility for researchers and practitioners.
Multivariate Normally Distributed Biomarkers Subject to Limits of Detection and Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Inference

Rationale and Objectives Biomarkers are of ever-increasing importance to clinical practice and epidemiologic research. Multiple biomarkers are often measured per patient. Measurement of true biomarker levels is limited by laboratory precision, specifically measuring relatively low, or high, biomarker levels resulting in undetectable levels below, or above, a limit of detection (LOD). Ignoring these missing observations or replacing them with a constant are methods commonly used although they have been shown to lead to biased estimates of several parameters of interest, including the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and regression coefficients. Materials and Methods We developed asymptotically consistent, efficient estimators, via maximum likelihood techniques, for the mean vector and covariance matrix of multivariate normally distributed biomarkers affected by LOD. We also developed an approximation for the Fisher information and covariance matrix for our maximum likelihood estimations (MLEs). We apply these results to an ROC curve setting, generating an MLE for the area under the curve for the best linear combination of multiple biomarkers and accompanying confidence interval. Results Point and confidence interval estimates are scrutinized by simulation study, with bias and root mean square error and coverage probability, respectively, displaying behavior consistent with MLEs. An example using three polychlorinated biphenyls to classify women with and without endometriosis illustrates how the underlying distribution of multiple biomarkers with LOD can be assessed and display increased discriminatory ability over naive methods. Conclusions Properly addressing LODs can lead to optimal biomarker combinations with increased discriminatory ability that may have been ignored because of measurement obstacles.
Legitimation from the Top to Civil Society: Politico-Cultural Change in Eastern Europe

Communism has collapsed in Eastern Europe because the regimes, no ionger justified by their Soviet hegemon, lost confidence in their “mandate from heaven.” Domestically and internationally discredited, East European regimes had traditionally shielded themselves behind a principle of legitimation from the top that saw communism as the global fulfillment of a universal theory of history. Once the theory became utterly indefensible, a crippling legitimacy vacuum ensued. Reacting against that theory, East European dissent, and a civil society of sorts, survived under communism not just as an underground political adversary but as a visible cultural and existential counterimage of communism. This fact must be given proper weight when assessing the capacity of civil society to rebound in postcommunist Eastern Europe.
Mental disorders within a cognitive architecture

This paper explores how mental disorders of certain types might be explained based on mechanisms and processes of human motivation (including drives and goals) and action selection (as well as other related mechanisms and processes), within a generic, comprehensive computational cognitive architecture model. Several simulation tests have been conducted that demonstrate that the model is reasonable, and captures some characteristics of certain mental disorders. The work is a first step in showing the feasibility of integrating mental disorders modeling/simulation into a cognitive architecture model.
Maintenance of perpetual synchrony in HeLa suspension cultures: Question of unbalanced growth

Unbalanced growth has been studied in HeLa cell cultures maintained in perpetual division synchrony by periodic inhibition of DNA synthesis. Observation of eight independent cellular parameters indicates that once synchrony has been established the degree of unbalanced growth in later cycles is not as great as is observed with the conventional “double-block” technique. This significant diminution of unbalanced growth appears to be related to the significantly shorter periods of inhibition of DNA synthesis used in the resynchronization process.
Solubility of Anthracene in Ternary Propanol + Butanol + 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Solvent Mixtures

Experimental solubilities are reported for anthracene dissolved in ternary 1-propanol + 1-butanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, 1-propanol + 2-butanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, 2-propanol + 1-butanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, and 2-propanol + 2-butanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane solvent mixtures at 25 °C. Nineteen compositions were studied for each of the four solvent systems. Results of these measurements are used to test the predictive ability of the ternary solvent form of the combined NIMS/Redlich−Kister equation. Computations showed that the model predicted the observed solubility behavior to within an overall average absolute deviation of about 0.9%.
From Place to NonPlace: A Case Study of Social Media and Contemporary Food Trucks

Street food has contributed to the vitality of urban life across cultures for centuries; however, in recent years, major US cities are witnessing its transformation into a highly mobile service that benefits from online social media platforms. Place, social media and mobility in this food truck phenomenon are the basis for a methodological approach that aims to uncover new social dynamics occurring in cities. The first investigation departs from a social factors analysis of public space in order to reveal the cognitive and behavioural differences among various actors in relation to their direct experience of the environment specifically focusing on users of social media and non-users. The study then addresses the social processes of electronic communication and mobility among food trucks that transcend place. This research approach employs a ‘nonplace’ theoretical framework to visualize a temporal and malleable network of interconnected social and spatial processes. These investigations offer the field of...
Challenges in residential fall prevention: Insight from apprentice carpenters

BACKGROUND: Falls remain a serious source of morbidity and mortality in residential construction despite considerable knowledge of risk factors and prevention strategies. While training is universally viewed as positive, we know little about its effectiveness in preventing residential falls. METHODS: A series of focus groups were conducted with union apprentice carpenters (n = 36) at varied levels of training to elicit input on factors that might influence the effectiveness of residential fall prevention training, including hazard awareness, timing of elements of formal instruction, jobsite mentoring, and workplace norms. RESULTS: While apprentices identified many residential fall hazards, they voiced little concern about work near unprotected vertical or horizontal openings such as stairwells, window openings or leading edges. On residential jobs, apprentices worked at heights immediately and were often exposed to hazards they had not yet been trained to handle. The quality of mentoring varied tremendously, and things they had been taught in school were often not the norm on these small worksites. Use of fall arrest equipment was uncommon. Job insecurity in this fast-paced work environment influenced behaviors even when apprentices reported knowledge of safe procedures; this was more of a problem for less experienced apprentices. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide compelling evidence that apprentices often do not apply safety principles they have been taught in school in the actual work environment, illuminating how attempts to empower workers through training alone can fall short. The findings have policy implications and demonstrate the importance of measuring more than knowledge when evaluating effectiveness of training. Language: en
Using Deferred Income Taxes As A Link Between Intermediate Accounting And Corporate Income Tax Courses

The accounting curriculum (in fact business colleges in general) often is accused of operating in silos. As a result, it is claimed that students fail to see the connections among the assignments in their separate course work and the necessity to have an integrated understanding to function effectively in the real-world. As a response to the criticism, we use deferred income taxes as a means to help students bridge the gap between their Intermediate Accounting classes and their Corporate Income Tax course. As a bonus, students also: 1.) better understand the difficult topic of deferred income taxes, 2.) better understand Schedule M-1on the corporate tax return, and 3.) gain experience in documentation via the preparation of accounting work papers.
A multi-scale model of Escherichia coli chemotaxis from intracellular signaling pathway to motility and nutrient uptake in nutrient gradient and isotropic fluid environments

This paper presents a multi-scale mathematical model of Escherichia coli chemotaxis in a fluid environment that links the biochemical dynamics of intracellular signaling and flagellar dynamics to the behavior of cells and the surrounding nutrients and fluid flow. We combine the RapidCell model for the intracellular chemotaxis signaling pathway to obtain run and tumble behaviors of cells with the method of regularized Stokeslets to simulate cell motility in Stokes flow and the finite element method to solve the advection-diffusion-reaction equation of nutrients. Simulations were carried out using varying numbers of bacterial cells to ascertain the effects of cell-cell and cell-fluid interactions in isotropic environments and in fluids characterized by chemoeffector nutrient gradients. The resulting feedback between hydrodynamics and chemotaxis not only shows expected run and tumble behaviors of bacterial cells but also depicts the importance of fluid dynamical effects on the transport and consumption of chemoeffectors.
The Darwinian Theory of Human Cultural Evolution and Gene-Culture Coevolution

Darwin realized that his theory could have no principled exception for humans. He put the famous teaser, “Light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history,” near the end of The Origin of Species. If his evolutionary account made an exception for the human species, the whole edifice might be questioned. As the Quarterly Review’s reviewer of The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex probably the long-hostile and devoutly Catholic St. George Mivart) gloated, the Descent “offers a good opportunity for reviewing his whole position” – and rejecting it (Anonymous, or St. George Mivart, 1871). Darwin apparently hoped someone else would apply Darwinism to the origin of humans. Lyell (1863), Huxley (1863), and Wallace (1864, 1869) all wrote on the subject, but their work was unsatisfactory because all three had reservations about a selectionist account of human mental evolution. Darwin’s views on the origin of humans did not rely entirely on selection but had a supplementary set of mechanisms consistent with a selectionist account.
Introduction--Bone turnover and fracture risk.

At its Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis in 2001, the National Institutes of Health defined osteoporosis as "a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing a person to an increased risk of fracture. Bone strength primarily reflects the integration of bone density and bone quality" 1 . The issue of bone quality as a factor in osteoporotic fracture has received increasing attention in recent years because the reduction in vertebral fracture risk subsequent to treatment with anti-resorptive agents appears to have little relationship to the percentage increase in bone mineral density (BMD). Moreover, the increase in fracture risk with age in untreated patients is only partly a function of changes in BMD. The risk of fracture in a 75year-old woman is 4-7 times that of a 45-year-old woman with an identical bone mass, demonstrating a bone quality component to fragility that is independent of bone mass. This shows that there is a component to bone fragility that is independent of bone mass, and determined by bone quality. Bone quality is defined by four characteristics of the bone tissue matrix and skeletal physiology: (1) the rate of bone turnover; (2) the properties of the collagen/mineral matrix; (3) microdamage accumulation and (4) skeletal architecture and geometry. Rapid turnover accelerates osteoclastic resorption on trabecular surfaces that can reduce their resistance to buckling and make failure more likely 2 . Ultimately, increased resorp
Investigating steganography

Steganography is the ability to hide information within an object that appears to be above suspicion to the naked eye. This paper gives a brief introduction to the world of steganography. It then focuses on the JPEG format and its use of application markers to learn how to hide information. JPEG images are used to hide data using two simple algorithms.
A survey of geometric structure in geometric analysis

The subject of geometric analysis evolves according to our understanding of geometry and analysis. However, one should say that ideas of algebraic geometry and representation theory have been extremely powerful in both global and local geometry. In fact, the spectacular idea of using geometry to understand Diophantine problem has already widened our concept of space. The desire to find suitable geometry to accommodate unified field theory in physics would certainly drastically change the scope of geometry in the near future. In the following lectures, we shall focus on an important branch of geometric analysis: the construction of geometric structures over a given topological space.
Nuclear orientation studies of 241 Am and 255 Fm

Nuclei of $^{241}\mathrm{Am}$ and $^{255}\mathrm{Fm}$ were oriented in single crystals of neodymium ethylsulfate at temperatures down to 11 mK. Orientation was detected by $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle angular distributions. The temperature dependences of these distributions were consistent with the lowest electronic states of these two actinide ions in the ethylsulfate lattice being similar to those of the corresponding lanthanide ions. Thus quadrupole orientation was observed in ${\mathrm{Am}}^{3+}$ ($5{f}^{6}$), as in ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$ ($4{f}^{6}$). In ${\mathrm{Fm}}^{3+}$ ($5{f}^{11}$) the orientation was magnetic and equatorial ($|B|g|A|$), as would be expected from the hyperfine interaction in ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ ($4{f}^{11}$). For $^{241}\mathrm{Am}$ we report $P=\ensuremath{-}0.0033(6)$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, and for $^{255}\mathrm{Fm}$, $|B|=0.035(7)$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The ${\mathrm{Am}}^{3+}$ data are consistent with an antishielding constant of ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}\ensuremath{\approx}{\ensuremath{-}10}^{2}$, in good agreement with theory, and a shielding factor ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{2}=0.7$, similar to the value for ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$. The nuclear results showed that the $s$ and $d$ $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle partial waves are in phase for the favored $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-decay branch in each case. The relative phase of the $g$ wave could not be determined.
Effects of propoxur treatment on populations containing susceptible and resistant German cockroaches (Orthoptera: Blattellidae).

Three experiments on the effects of propoxur treatment on German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), populations were conducted on an inactive ship. In one, all members of the population except adult males were from a resistant field strain; in the others, populations were equally divided between genetically marked susceptible and resistant cockroaches. Each population was established at a known site. Treatment with propoxur caused immediate dispersal. Most movement was into nearby untreated locations. The majority of cockroaches in each population returned to their original site in 1–2 weeks. However, small groups appeared and remained in previously uninhabited harborages. Some of the new spot infestations were near the original site; others were in relatively distant locations. No difference in pre- or posttreatment distribution of susceptible and resistant cockroaches was found. Kill of resistant cockroaches did not appear to vary greatly with age or sexclass. In the susceptible strain, mortality for adults was considerably higher than nymphal mortality. The experiments demonstrated that a 7- to 8-fold resistance to propoxur reduced mortality of adults and nymphs compared with that of susceptible cockroaches under conditions where the cockroaches were free to escape from the insecticide treatment.
Spatio-Temporal Matching for Human Pose Estimation in Video

Detection and tracking humans in videos have been long-standing problems in computer vision. Most successful approaches (e.g., deformable parts models) heavily rely on discriminative models to build appearance detectors for body joints and generative models to constrain possible body configurations (e.g., trees). While these $2$ D models have been successfully applied to images (and with less success to videos), a major challenge is to generalize these models to cope with camera views. In order to achieve view-invariance, these $2$ D models typically require a large amount of training data across views that is difficult to gather and time-consuming to label. Unlike existing $2$ D models, this paper formulates the problem of human detection in videos as spatio-temporal matching (STM) between a $3$ D motion capture model and trajectories in videos. Our algorithm estimates the camera view and selects a subset of tracked trajectories that matches the motion of the $3$ D model. The STM is efficiently solved with linear programming, and it is robust to tracking mismatches, occlusions and outliers. To the best of our knowledge this is the first paper that solves the correspondence between video and $3$ D motion capture data for human pose detection. Experiments on the CMU motion capture, Human3.6M, Berkeley MHAD and CMU MAD databases illustrate the benefits of our method over state-of-the-art approaches.
Analysis of The Accidents of Occupational Hazards from 2005-2010

[Objective] To analyze the accidents of occupational hazards occurred in Longgang District of Shenzhen City from 2005-2010,and provide countermeasures and evidence for its prevention.[Methods]The data of occupational hazards accidents in recent 6 years were comprehensively analyzed.The industry system was classified according to the broad heading of"Industrial Classification and Codes for National Economic Activities"(GB/T4754-2002).[Results]Of 62 incidents,26 (41.94%)were caused by organic solvent;14 (22.58%) occurred in fabricated metal products manufacturing.Of 127 patients with occupational diseases,65 (51.18%) were due to organic solvent;39 (30.71%) engaged in electronic and communication equipment manufacturing.[Conclusion]The main occupational hazard was organic solvent which caused accidents in this district.Electronic and communication equipment manufacturing and fabricated metal products manufacturing were the industries with high risks of occupational hazard accident.
On Aesthetic Characteristics of Huang Jianxin's Movies Narration

Huang Jianxin's motion pictures are unique ones among the "Fifth Generation Directors" films. Huang's movies have outstanding Characteristic of movie narration. Firstly, although Huang's movies aren't exclusive from the traditional movie narration, they are not classic stories narrators. Secondly, Huang's movies represent the rude life of people to audience by keeping the narration open. In addition, about the structure of narration. Huang tried to break down the old modes in order to provide the audience more aesthetic feelings and have the meaning of life understood.