cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Support for anisotropy of the Earth's inner core from free oscillations

IN 1983, Poupinet et al.1 observed that compressional seismic waves traversing the inner core along a trajectory parallel to the Earth's rotation axis arrive faster than the same (PKIKP) waves travelling in the equatorial plane. They interpreted this observation as revealing prolate topography of the inner-core boundary. In 1986, Morelli et al.2 and Woodhouse et al.3 suggested that inner-core anisotropy could explain both the travel-time observations and the anomalous splitting of some of the Earth's normal modes. Inner-core anisotropy continues to be the preferred explanation for the travel-time anomalies, although there is disagreement about the magnitude of anisotropy4–6. More recent explanations for the anomalous splitting involve topography of the inner-core and core–mantle boundaries as well as lateral heterogeneity of the core7–11. In particular, Widmer et al.11 dismissed a rather complex recent model of inner-core anisotropy12 because it could not explain the splitting of several previously unidentified modes. Here I show that the anomalous splitting of all currently identified modes can in fact be explained by cylindrical anisotropy of the Earth's inner core that is also compatible with the observed PKIKP travel-time anomalies. The resulting model should be regarded as an upper limit to the amount of anisotropy, as lateral heterogeneity also undoubtedly contributes to the splitting.
Moire Interferometry With Chromatic 1Ight

Experimental observations and measurements are essential sources of information for the correct development of mathematical models of real materials. Moire interferometry offers high sensitivity in full-field measurements of the in-plane displacements on the surface of a specimen. Although it is a powerful method in experimental stress analysis, it has some shortcomings. One is that existing systems require highly coherent light. The only sufficient source of light for this application is a long cavity laser, which is relatively expensive and at best quite cumbersome. Another shortcoming is that measurements must be performed in a vibration-free environment, such as that found on a holographic table. These requirements limit the use of existing moire interferometers to a holographic laboratory. In this publication a modified concept of compensation is developed that permits the use of a chromatic source of light in a compact moire system. The compensator provides order in the angles of incident light for every separate wavelength, so that the virtual reference gratings created by each wavelength in a continuous spectrum are identical in frequency and spatial position. The result is a virtual reference grating that behaves exactly like one created in coherent light. With this development the use of a laser diode, which is a noncoherent light source of tiny dimensions, becomes practical. The special configuration of the optics that create the virtual grating allows its synchronization with the specimen grating and leads to the design of an interferometer that is relatively insensitive to the vibrations found in a mechanical testing laboratory. Sensitivity to relative motion is analyzed theoretically. This development provides the opportunity to apply moire interferometry to solid mechanics problems that cannot be studied in an optics laboratory. Experimental verification of the optical concepts is provided.
Hyperspectral imagery vegetation index and temporal analysis for corn yield estimation

ABSTRACT Aerial hyperspectral imagery has been used to find the temporal relationship between image and corn yield. A total of five hyperspectral images were taken during the growing season. For each image, the optimal vegetation index was selected among many candidate vegetation indices. At the same time, the optimal band subset was selected to calculate the vegetation index. The optimal band subset has the minimum number of bands and represents the most significant image bands (or wavelength) for yield prediction. The optimization process used the EAVI (Evolutionary Algorithm based Vegetation Index generation) algorithm. Results showed that the EAVI algorithm generated the best vegetation index among many comparison indices for yield estimation. For image taken at different date, the algorithm selected a different optimal vegetation index and image bands. The most common sensitive wavelength identified was in the red edge at 700 nm and in the NIR region at 826 nm. This study showed that images taken from the beginning of full canopy coverage to the corn ear formation period provided the best and stable result for corn yield estimation. It is suggested that this period of time during the growing season would have great potential for remote sensing based corn yield prediction. Keywords : Remote sensing, aerial hyperspectral image, yield monitoring, temporal resolution, vegetation index, evolution algorithms.
Influence of destruction of the septum pellucidum on time interval estimation.

1. The preliminary destruction of the septum pellucidum in rats leads to a significant (five- to tenfold, up to 1000 applications) and prolonged (up to a year) deterioration in the development of the estimation of the time intervals as compared with intact animals. 2. The destruction of the septum pellucidum does not exert a significant effect on preoperatively developed estimation of the time intervals. 3. The operation had no influence on the state of the conditioned reflexes to effective stimuli independent of whether it was performed before or after the development of the reflexes. 4. In a large portion of the operated rats a temporary reduction in alimentary motivation is observed, which leads to a deterioration in the estimation of the time intervals in animals with preliminarily developed conditioned reflexes. In rats with preliminarily performed operation the number of intersignal reactions did not decrease with a decrease in the level of alimentary motivation.
A comparison of knobby (K+) and knobless (K-) parasites from two strains of Plasmodium falciparum.

Abstract Erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum develop knob-like protrusions on their membranes. Knobby (K+) parasites of the FCR-3 (Gambian) strain have been shown to possess a histidine-labelled protein of apparent molecular weight 80 000 which is absent from knobless (K−) variants of the same strain. Here we report similiar findings with K+ and K− parasites of another strain, the Malayan Camp strain, and also with cloned K+ and K− parasites of the FCR-3 strain. A histidine-labelled protein unique to the two K+ parasites was identified as a broad band with an apparent molecular weight of 89 000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The presence of this protein in both K+ Malayan Camp parasites and K+ FCR-3 (Gambian) parasites and its absence from K− parasites of both strains is consistent with this protein being a major component of knobs.
A Social Learning Perspective: A Model of Parenting Styles, Self-Regulation, Perceived Drinking Control, and Alcohol Use and Problems

Background: This investigation sought to determine how different parenting styles are related to general self-regulatory processes that are linked to alcohol use and abuse. Self-regulation and, more specifically, thoughts of control over drinking are forms of positive self-control mechanisms. Parenting styles are known determinants of both negative and positive self-control mechanisms in offspring. According to social learning theory, stronger relationships between parenting style and self-regulatory processes would be expected from the parent who is the same sex as the respondent. Methods: A total of 144 female and 107 male college students currently using alcohol were administered a questionnaire on their alcohol use and problems, perceived style of parenting (authoritarian, permissive, or authoritative) of their parents, self-regulation, and perceived control of drinking. A model linking parenting styles, self-regulatory processes, and control over drinking with alcohol use and alcohol problems was tested across sex groups by using structural equation modeling. Results: In general, the parenting style of the parent of the same sex as the respondent's was found to be significantly related to self-regulation, which is known to be protective against alcohol use and abuse. A permissive parent of the same sex as the respondent was negatively associated with good self-regulatory processes for both men and women. Having an authoritative mother was also shown to be related to higher levels of self-regulation for women. Conclusions: Self-regulation mediated the pathway from a permissive parenting style to perceived drinking control, which, in turn, mediated the pathway from self-regulation to alcohol use and problems. Finally, self-regulation mediated the positive pathway from an authoritative mother to perceived control over drinking for women.
Single-photon emission computed tomography

The subject of singl-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is generally reviewed. The basic interaction processes of gamma rays in matter are outlined, and the formation of conventional gamma-ray images is described. We then outline the extension of these concepts to the formation of three-dimensional or tomographic images. Of particular concern in emission tomography, the effects of gamma-ray attenuation and scattering are outlined. Several examples are given of practical SPECT systems, and representative results are given.
New insights into chronic idiopathic neutropenia

Chronic idiopathic neutropenia (CIN) is a relatively common disorder predominantly affecting women. Blood neutrophil counts are less than 1.5 × 109/L, but other blood cell counts are normal. Bone marrow examination, if performed, usually shows only a modest reduction in metamyelocytes and
Palladium nanowire hydrogen sensor based on a SAW transducer

Palladium (Pd) nanowires were synthesized by electro chemical deposition technique. Pd nanowires were transferred onto a ZnO/36deg LiTaO3 surface acoustic wave (SAW) transducer with an approximate operating frequency of 100 MHz. This operational frequency approximately corresponds to the device's highest conductometric sensitivity. These devices were investigated for hydrogen (H2) sensing at the room temperature. It was observed that the device exposure to the H2 gas resulted to a measurable increase in the device operating frequency
Use of prior information in active sonar tracking

A Bayesian tracking model is proposed that uses measurement likelihood functions based on predicted signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) in active sonar data. The predicted SNR modeling can incorporate prior information, such as the presence of known discrete and persistent clutter objects. The likelihood model assumes an exponential distribution of returns with a mean based on the predictive model that incorporates assumed SNR of the targets, known clutter, and background clutter, and the beam response and waveform ambiguity functions. Two variations of an example based on simulated frequency modulated (FM) and continuous wave (CW) signals is used to assess target detection and localization performance. Significant enhancements are observed when prior knowledge of clutter is incorporated into the measurement model in these idealized examples.
Book Review: Research Methods for Leisure and Tourism: a Practical Guide

Research methods for leisure and tourism: a practical guide, by A.J. Veal. 3rd ed. Harlow, FT Prentice-Hall, 2005. pp.448. ISBN 978-0-273-68200-8
Evaluation of Asphaltic Pavements for Overlay Design

To evaluate projects involving approximately 200-route-mile of interstate and primary pavements in Kentucky and Tennessee in relatively short time frames, it was decided to test, analyze, and design overlays using test equipment (road rater) and procedures developed by the University of Kentucky transportation research program. This paper presents the analysis methodology and the evaluation and overlay designs for selected projects, including the before and after analysis of milling on one project. The road rater applies a dynamic sinusoidal loading of known force and frequency. The velocity of the vibration waves are measured by sensors and integrated electronically to obtain surface deflections. An analysis of the shape and magnitude of the deflection bowl permits an assessment of whether the structure is performing as anticipated or whether some component is significantly weaker than designed. Analyses permit the determination of the "behavioural" or effective thickness of the asphaltic concrete layers and the in-place subgrade moduli. Strip charts of effective thickness and subgrade strength (or alternatively, overlay thicknesses) along the length of a project permit delineation of the project into relatively uniform segments. The arithmetic mean and standard error are determined for each segment to estimate design parameters. The required overlay thickness is the difference between the total thickness required for new construction to carry the anticipated traffic and the behavioural thickness of the existing pavement. For the covering abstract of the symposium see IRRD 286635. (Author/TRRL)
First Documentation of a “Double-Decker” Cerulean Warbler (Setophaga cerulea) Nest

ABSTRACT Construction of nests containing multiple layers or “stories” has been observed in a number of passerine species. These atypical nest structures are frequently a response to brood parasitism, wherein the host female will bury the parasite’s egg under a new layer of nesting material. They may also occur as a result of either intra- or interspecific competition for limited nest sites, with one individual usurping another’s nest and adding new material on top. However, such structures have not previously been documented in the Cerulean Warbler (Setophaga cerulea), a Neotropical migrant species that breeds in the eastern U.S. and Canada. Here, we report our observations of an unusual “double-decker” nest that was constructed in 2014 in Brown County, southern Indiana. A female Cerulean Warbler first built a typical nest, and several days later we discovered a second visibly distinct nest superimposed on top of the original one. Subsequent retrieval and inspection of the two-story nest revealed no buri...
Composite Cu/VO and VO/Cu Nanofilaments in Cu/Ta2O5/Pt Devices

Formation of nanofilament conductive path in solid electrolytes is a promising phenomenon exploited in reversible resistive switching. 1 Widely researched metal oxide resistive switching memory is one of the most competitive candidates for future generations of nonvolatile memory applications due to its simple cross-point structure, fastswitchingspeed,highscalabilitypotential,andcompatibilitywith CMOS technology. The mechanism of resistive switching random access memory (RRAM) has been widely attributed to formation and rupture of conductive filaments assumed to consist of metal precipitates such as (Cu, Ag, Ni) or oxygen vacancies. 2 Specifically, switching of a resistive Cu/TaOx/Pt device can be based on the formation of two types of CFs in the same device: Cu and oxygen vacancy (Vo) filaments depending on the polarity of switching voltage. 3 The two types of conduction can be distinguished by different values of the temperature coefficient (α) of resistance defined as R(T) = R(To) [1 + α(T-To)]. For TaOx formed by physical vapor deposition (PVD), the temperature coefficient α of the on-resistance Ron is α(Cu-CF) = 0.0033 K −1 for Cu CF and α(Vo-CF) = 0.001 K −1 for Vo CF. 3 The α(Cu-CF) in oxygen deficient TaOx is close to the bulk value of Cu, α(Cu) =0.0039 K −1 . In this paper, we present evidence for composite Cu and VO single CF observed in Cu/Ta2O5/Pt devices with a Ta2O5 deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The characterization of the temperature dependence of the filament resistance is an effective way of exploring the properties of the elusive nano-filaments. 4‐7 In Ni/HfO2/p + Si devices an α(Ni-CF) = 0.0063 K −14 which is close to the temperature coefficient of solid Ni nanowire (30 nm diameter) of α(Ni-NW). = 0.0048 K −1 . 5 In Ref. 6 the temperature coefficient of the resistance has been measured in the range of 100 K to 300 K on Ag CF in Ag/La-BFO/Pt devices and a difference has been found for bipolar α(Ag-bipolar) = 0.00194 K −1 and for unipolar characteristics α(Ag-unipolar) = 0.00177 K −1 . In Ni/ZrO2/Pt devices it was found that α(Ni-CF) varies between 0.00127 K −1 and 0.00220 K −1 , 7 indicating that the Ni CFs are metallic and close to the α coefficients of Ni nanowire with 10‐30 nm diameter. 5,8,9
On growth of limited scale-free overlay network topologies

Overlay network topologies provide different networking applications an abstraction over underlying network architecture. Therefore, their construction and the resulting topological characteristics play a crucial role in the performance of operations running in these applications. Thanks to their small diameters, scale-free (power-law) overlay network topologies are one of the structures that offer high performance for these networks. However, a key problem for such networks is the high connectivity (i.e., load) in only a small portion (i.e., hubs) of nodes. In fact, the nodes in such scale-free overlay networks may not want or be able to accomplish such high connectivity due to technical restrictions. Therefore, some hard cutoffs are often imposed on the number of edges that each node can have, making them limited scale-free networks. In this paper, we discuss and analyze the growth of such limited scale-free networks and propose an algorithm aiming to achieve perfect scale-free overlay network topologies with low communication overhead and without global information usage during its construction phase. Through extensive simulations, we also evaluate the proposed approach and show its superiority over the existing solutions.
Glaciers and geophysics

To consider the relation of glaciation to other branches of geophysics we must first develop the cause of glaciation; and this will require us to recall some ideas which, though elementary, are fundamental, and it is by keeping fundamental principles in mind that we can build most securely the superstructure. The first requisite for glaciation is the excess of the annual snowfall in a more or less limited region over the melting and dissipation. A mass of snow is thus accumulated which grows in thickness, is gradually converted into ice, and slowly flows away into a region where not only Is the annual snowfall all melted but also the ice which has flowed into it.
Stereo vision in LHD automation

This paper details work in applying stereo vision for the enhancement of safety and productivity in the operation of a load-haul-dump (LHD) vehicle in underground mining. The primary goal of this portion of the research is to provide three-dimensional (3-D) models of the LHD's environment. Availability of these models facilitates performance of automated or teleoperated loading tasks and enhances safety through identification and location of humans in the path of the vehicle. Generation of an accurate 3-D model of the immediate surroundings of the LHD is accomplished through processing of stereo visual imagery. Stereo video is acquired using a pair of digital cameras mounted above the cab of the LHD. The video data are processed into a dense depth map plus confidence information. These depths and the stereo rig calibration data are then used to construct a 3-D surface model. We demonstrate useful models obtained under both well-illuminated and low-light conditions.
Maximum Induced Currents, Sar And Absorbed Energy Density In Human And Non-human Primates Exposed To EMP

An analysis based on adult human distributed body impedance measurements extrapolated to various size human and non-human primates and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory NEC Method of Moments indicate that the maximum induced current varies from as high as 281. amperes per leg for a human male to as low as 4.89 amperes per leg for a squirrel monkey exposed to a 100 kV/m, 10 ns rise time EMP. However, the variation of maximum SAR for the exposed subjects was small ranging from a low of 26.2 MW/kg for an adult human to a high of 38.0 MW/kg for a 1-year-old human child.
Genomics and the human genome project: implications for psychiatry

Summary In the past decade the Human Genome Project has made extraordinary strides in understanding of fundamental human genetics. The complete human genetic sequence has been determined, and the chromosomal location of almost all human genes identified. Presently, a large international consortium, the HapMap Project, is working to identify a large portion of genetic variation in different human populations and the structure and relationship of these variants to each other. The Human Genome Project has approached human genetics on a scale not previously seen in biology. This has been made possible by dramatic advances in high throughput technology and bio-informatics. Tools such as gene chips and micro-arrays have spawned an entirely new strategy to examine the function and expression of genes in a massively parallel fashion. Together these tools have dramatically advanced our knowledge about the human genome. They promise powerful new approaches to complex genetic traits such as psychiatric illness. The goals and progress of the Human Genome Project and the technology involved are reviewed. The implications of this science for psychiatric genetics are discussed. Goals of the Human Genome Project The Human Genome Project has been one the most exciting and rapidly growing areas of knowledge in medicine and biology. It promises revolutions in all aspects of medicine including psychiatry. Much of this issue is devoted to the impact of these powerful tools. As these articles detail, psychiatric clinicians will undoubtedly see their day-to-day practice of medicine change dramatically. In this paper, the goals, science and tools of the Human Genome Project will be reviewed. Application of the tools derived from this powerful engine of biology will also be discussed. In 1953, Watson and Crick famously first
Defending against Sybil attacks in sensor networks

Sybil attack is a harmful threat to sensor networks, in which a malicious node illegally forges an unbounded number of identities to defeat redundancy mechanisms. Digital certificates are a way to prove identities. However, they are not viable in sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a light-weight identity certificate method to defeat Sybil attacks. Our proposed method uses one-way key chains and Merkle hash trees. The method thereby avoids the need for public key cryptography. In addition, the method provides a means for authentication of all data messages. A variant of this method is presented that has lower computational requirements under certain conditions. The security of each method is analyzed, and is as good or better than previously-proposed approaches, with fewer assumptions. The overhead (computation, storage, and messages) is also shown to be acceptable for use in sensor networks.
Ethanol in Brain, as Assayed by Microfluorometry

Gas—liquid chromatography (GLC), the technique most often used to measure ethanol in body fluids, is not practical for determining ethanol in tissues. Previously described fluorometric assays were modified for the enzymatic measurement of ethanol in brain and, for comparison, in blood of rats 1 h after intraperitoneal injection of 2.0 g of ethanol per kg of body weight. Mean ethanol content of brain was 23.43 mmol/kg and of blood, 24.18 mmol/ liter. Accuracy of the method was verified by GLC of the blood samples, which gave a mean ethanol content of 24.29 mmol/liter. No endogenous ethanol was measurable fluorometrically or by GLC in blood or brain samples from control animals injected with physiological saline solution (9 g/liter). Because samples of only 1 µl are required, the procedure is particularly useful when ethanol is to be measured in minute brain samples or when only very small volumes of blood are available.
Ciliary Muscle Cell Changes During Guinea Pig Development

The ciliary body is an important ocular structure because it produces aqueous humor, controls aqueous humor drainage (uveoscleral outflow), and produces accommodation.1 The ability to accommodate (changing the eye's refractive focus) results from flexure of the ciliary muscle within the ciliary body.1 The ciliary muscle runs parallel to the sclera, and its anterior attachment is to the scleral spur/trabecular meshwork while its posterior attachment is to the stroma of the choroid.1 The ciliary muscle is composed of the circular, radial, and longitudinal fibers.1 The longitudinal fibers run anterior and parallel to the sclera, and they span the majority of the ciliary body.1,2 The circular fibers form an annulus that follows the iris, and they are connected to the longitudinal fibers via the radial fibers.1 This structural relationship allows the muscle to act as a single functional unit.2 Early work from Woolf3 has documented the general amounts and functional ability of the ciliary muscle in various species (e.g., squirrels, guinea pigs, monkey); however, it was not until the early 1990s that quantitative human ciliary muscle measurements were documented.4 Others have since explored how ciliary muscle thicknesses are related to conditions like myopia,5–7 accommodation,8–10 and aging,11–13 and recently the general patterns of ciliary muscle development were described for the guinea pig.11 Specifically, Pucker et al.11 found with histology that guinea pig ciliary muscle volume increases by approximately 2.5-fold between birth (1 day) and adulthood (90 days). They also determined that ciliary muscle length increases by 48%, ciliary muscle thickness increases by 47%, and ciliary muscle ring diameter increases by 21% during the same time period.11 These data overall indicated that the ciliary muscle primarily grows via length and thickness changes more than through increases in ciliary ring diameter.11 Currently, the processes underlying normal ciliary muscle growth are unknown (e.g., hypertrophy, hyperplasia, or a combination of these processes); therefore, the aim of this investigation was to characterize the cellular changes during postnatal ciliary muscle development. The guinea pig was chosen as the animal model to accomplish this aim because guinea pigs reach adulthood relatively quickly; guinea pigs are able to accommodate, and guinea pigs have a quantifiable amount of ciliary muscle that significantly increases during development,11,14,15 Regional ciliary muscle (nasal and temporal) differences were also studied because knowledge of regional guinea pig ciliary muscle differences could prove to be important for future histologic and genetic analyses.
Composite Nanofibers as Advanced Materials for Li-ion, Li-O2 and Li-S Batteries

Abstract The quest to increase the energy density and improve the cycle life performance of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and beyond has led to the development of various suitable and alternative materials for energy storage and conversion. The morphology and electrode architecture in advanced battery materials have been re-designed into nanofibers and composite nanofibers. Nanofiber-based separators and electrodes have demonstrated to improve the energy density and cycling performance of LIBs. The improvement in the structure and morphology of nanofibers in LIBs such as LiSi and LiSn, have once again ignited the interest in these Li:M alloy anodes as alternative anode and cathode materials. The major challenges that confront this new frontier have the lack of scalable method among the various techniques and designing nanofibers with good structure and morphology that could prevent dendrite penetrations. However, there seems to be a solution in sight with the advent of mass production techniques such as electrospinning and Forcespinning® that have recently been developed. In this paper, the use of nanofibers and composite nanofibers as electrode and separator materials for lithium ion, Li-O2 and Li-S batteries is reviewed. The discussion focuses on the performance characteristics of these nanostructured electrode and separator materials and methods used to improve their performances.
The Effectiveness of Accountability in Improving the Quality of Governance in West Africa

Accountability mechanisms are often touted as a path to good governance, but have not always been a proven route to achieving the objectives associated with good governance: high levels of citizen participation, decreased corruption, and quality service delivery. Limited case studies have offered inconsistent evidence on the effectiveness of accountability mechanisms (Devas & Grant 2003; Charlick 2001; Blair 2000). But empirical evidence on the relationships between principles of good governance and accountability mechanisms is lacking. Having found evidence in Liberia that fiscal accountability mechanisms are not effective (Krawczyk, Muhula, & Sweet-Cushman, forthcoming), we extend our research to examine the effectiveness of accountability mechanisms in other countries in the West African region. Using Afrobarometer data, we empirically test the relationship between citizens perceptions of the effectiveness of accountability mechanisms, and citizens local political participation, perceptions of corruption, and perceptions of service delivery. This study contributes to multiple literatures, including accountability, corruption, and local political participation. We anticipate our results could significantly inform efforts to enhance principles of good governance in West Africa.
The Historical Background of Special Relativity

Anoted philosopher of time recently confessed that “most of us philosophers don’t understand” the Special Theory of Relativity (SR).1 The same goes without saying for theologians, who often find themselves obliged to address issues related to time and eternity. I should also say that most physicists who do understand relativity theory scientifically nevertheless evince a remarkable naivete concerning the epistemological and metaphysical foundations of Einstein’s theory. There is need, therefore, of an exposition of the theory which is accessible to philosophers and theologians and which explores the presuppositions and implications of the theory. It is toward this end that this book has been written.
Colour quantitation for chemical spot tests for a controlled substances presumptive test database

Crime scene investigators (CSIs) often encounter unknown powders, capsules, tablets, and liquids at crime scenes, many of which are controlled substances. Because most drugs are white powders, however, visual determination of the chemical identity is difficult. Colourimetric tests are a well-established method of presumptive drug identification. Positive tests are often reported differently, however, because two analysts may perceive colour or record colourimetric results in different ways. In addition to perceiving colour differently, it is very common for there to be poor visibility conditions (e.g. rain, darkness) while performing these tests, further obscuring the results. In order to address these concerns and to create uniformity in the reporting of on-site colourimetric test results, this study has evaluated two of the state-of-the-art apps (ColorAssist® and Colorimeter®) for reporting the colour test results quantitatively in red-green-blue (RGB) format. The compiled library database of presumptive test results contains over 3300 data points including over 800 unique drug/test combinations. Variations observed between test replicates, from performing a test on different days, recording with a different device type (e.g. iPod Touch, iPhone models 4, 5c, 5s, or 6), and using different quantities of drug are discussed. Overall, the least variation in Euclidian norm was observed using ColorAssist® with the camera light (25.1±22.1) while the variation between replicates and data recorded using different devices was similar. The resulting library is uploaded to a smartphone application aimed to aid in identifying and interpreting suspected controlled substance evidence. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Simple Approach to Specimen Retrieval via Posterior Colpotomy Incision.

Introduction Posterior colpotomy incision for specimen retrieval is infrequently used in gynecologic laparoscopic surgery unless a concomitant hysterectomy is performed. We aim to describe a simple and unique technique for creating the colpotomy incision and to describe intraoperative and postoperative outcomes. Methods Fifty patients underwent adnexal specimen retrieval through a posterior colpotomy incision. After devascularization and detachment of the adnexal specimen, the posterior cul-de-sac was visualized. The colpotomy incision was created by introducing a 12- or 15-mm laparoscopic trocar through the vagina into the posterior vaginal fornix under direct visualization. Specimens were placed into laparoscopic bags and removed through the vagina. The colpotomy incision was closed vaginally. Charts were reviewed for intraoperative and postoperative outcomes. Results Twenty-nine women underwent adnexal surgery for an adnexal mass, 14 women underwent surgery for pelvic pain, and 7 women underwent adnexal surgery for primary prevention of malignancy. The specimens removed ranged in size from 2 to 16 cm (mean 5.7). The mean time patients were under anesthesia was 103 minutes (SD 57.3). There were no operative complications related to the colpotomy incision and no cases of postoperative vaginal cellulitis or pelvic infection were reported. Only 1 woman with a prior vaginal delivery reported dyspareunia postoperatively. Conclusion This simple technique for posterior colpotomy incision can easily be added to the gynecologic surgeon's armamentarium and can be safely used for most women.
The Fixation of Soluble Antigen by the Tissues

On the injection of an antigen into a susceptible animal a reaction takes place resulting in the formation of antibodies specific for the antigen injected; therefore a study of the seat of fixation of antigen is of importance in the study of antibody formation. Evidence has been presented showing that antibodies are formed (i) locally, that is, by the tissues at the site of inoculation of the antigen; (2) by the blood-forming organs; and (3) by the blood itself, particularly the leukocytes. Hektoen and Carlson1 injected dogs intravenously with rat and goat corpuscles?1 c.c. of a 10 per cent suspension per kilo?and three hours to six days after injection tranfused the blood of such dogs into other dogs. They found no antibody formation in the recipients, but if the transfusion took place after the fourth day varying degrees of passive immunity were produced. A perfectly typical antibody production took place in the donors, showing that either sufficient antigen to cause an antibody production in the recipient was not free in the blood of the donor at the time of transfusion or the antigenic power of the injected corpuscles had been destroyed. These results support the view that antibodies are produced outside the blood stream. In these experiments the antigen?goat or rat corpuscles?was injected from three hours to four days before the transfusion. In performing the transfusion the recipient was bled dry, that is, until no more blood flowed from a severed carotid. The blood of the donor?the animal previously injected with antigen?was then pumped into the vessels of the recipient until the blood pressure in the recipient was equal to, or greater than, the pressure in the donor. However, in transfusing from the donor to the recipient until the pressure in both was equalized, it is doubtful if more than half of the blood of the donor
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Optical Spectroscopy of Close Packed CdSE Nanocrystallites

We describe a method to synthesize optical quality thin and thick films of close packed CdSe nanocrystallites (quantum dots). The average dot size is tunable from ≈12-150 A in diameter with ≈3.5% rms size distribution. The identity of each particle and the high monodispersity of the sample are maintained in the films as revealed by small-angle x-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and optical spectroscopy. We use small-angle x-ray diffraction patterns to obtain form factors for the individual dots and to generate radial distribution functions for the densely packed films. We observe the random close packing of dots in the solid state using transmission electron microscopy. Comparing optical spectra of particles close packed in a film with those of nanocrystallites dispersed in alkanes reveals similar optical resonances in absorption while the emission lineshape is modified and its position is red shifted. Differences in film emission are consistent with electronic energy transfer between close packed dots within the inhomogeneous distribution of the sample.
NEARSHORE CURRENTS SOUTHEASTERN STRAIT OF GEORGIA

Nearshore water transport in the vicinity of Birch Bay and Cherry Point, Washington was investigated during the spring of 1971. The techniques used were: surface floats with variable depth drags, dye patches, streams of paper sheets, wind direction and velocity data, infrared and color aerial photography, and salinity and temperature readings from water samples. Birch Bay flood tide transports water into the bay, and ebb tide carries it out. The latter water either eddies off Point Whitehorn or moves out into the Strait of Georgia. Flood tide at Cherry Point transports water to the Point Whitehorn eddy or into Birch Bay, while on the ebb tide water moves from Cherry Point toward the vicinity of Neptune Beach and Sandy Point.
Interactive exploration of atomic trajectories through relative-angle distribution and associated uncertainties

Exploration of atomic trajectories is fundamental to understanding and characterizing complex chemical systems important in many applications. For instance, any new insight into the mechanisms of ionic migration in catalytic materials could lead to a substantial increase in battery performance. A new statistical measure, called the relative-angle distribution, has been proposed to understand complex motion — whether Brownian, ballistic, or diffusive. The relative-angle distribution can be represented as a collection of 1D histograms, but is currently created in a slow, offline process, making any parameter exploration a tedious and time-consuming task. Furthermore, the resulting plot can hide uncertainty in both the data and the visualization. As a result, once rastered or printed at a fixed resolution, these histograms can be misleading. We present a new analysis tool for the exploration of atomic trajectories that combines an interactive histogram visualization with uncertainty information for both data and plotting errors, and is also linked to an interactive 3D display of trajectories. Our tool enables a holistic exploration of trajectories previously not feasible, with the potential for significant scientific impact. In collaboration with domain experts, we have deployed our tool ta analyze molecular dynamics simulations of lithium-ion diffusion. Users have found that the tool significantly accelerates the exploration process and have used it to validate a number of previously unconfirmed hypotheses.
Mentoring Students Back On-Track to Graduation: Program Results From Five Communities:

This quasi-experimental study examines the impact of a mentoring program for low-income and minority middle and high school students displaying early warning indicators of dropping out on attendanc...
Effects of Mosquito Control Pesticides on Competent Queen Conch (Strombus gigas) Larvae

Pesticides are applied seasonally in the Florida Keys to control nuisance populations of mosquitoes that pose a health threat to humans. There is, however, a need to investigate the effects of these pesticides on non-target marine organisms. We tested naled and permethrin, two mosquito adulticides used in the Keys, on a critical early life-history stage of queen conch (Strombus gigas). We conducted 12-h exposure experiments on competent (i.e., capable of undergoing metamorphosis) queen conch larvae using environmentally relevant pesticide concentrations. We found that there was little to no mortality and that the pesticides did not induce or interfere with metamorphosis. However, after introduction of a natural metamorphic cue (extract of the red alga Laurencia potei), a significantly greater proportion of larvae underwent metamorphosis in the pesticide treatments than in those with the alga alone. In addition to the morphogenetic pathway that induces metamorphosis when stimulated, there thus appears to b...
Archaeological Investigation of The Southeast Building Complex, Old Ursuline Academy Campus, 41BX235, San Antonio, Texas

This report outlines the results of an archaeological investigation associated with a complex of buildings located in the southeast portion of the Old Ursuline Academy campus, San Antonio, Texas. An analysis of the physical characteristics of the buildings is provided. A proposed history based on field observations and archival research is offered. Additional information is presented regarding legends concerning the early years of Ursuline Academy.
The Readiness is All: Here Am I. Send Me.

The article uses contextual biography to examine the psychological and existential dimensions of “an internal environment that interacts with the other contexts in which the [author] evolves (Vidal, F., 2003, p. 73). Through a network of enterprises (Gruber, 1980) as a key aspect of that internal environment, this contextual autobiography conceptualizes a slice of the author’s life through the integration of particular literary and life contexts and her position within these background experiences. By using a unique and creative narrative of personal experiences, the author posits the universal or ontological problem of understanding the “all” of readiness for one of Shakespeare’s central characters with the juxtaposition of her own life as undertaken through the literary contexts examined. A catastrophic spinal injury coupled with the loss of her beloved father serve as prime catalysts for extreme life changes for the author creating questions of self-doubt and self-awareness, and whether the readiness for her was indeed, all. The article purposively adds to our understanding of how the internal environment and network of enterprises within an individual’s life experiences juxtaposed with literary contexts may profoundly inspire others to live unique lives of action and readiness. Findings of the study present the participant’s joyful journey of discovery and personal renewal with the most important lesson learned being that education is the ticket to a life of freedom and personal success.
Grain growth competition during thin-sample directional solidification of dendritic microstructures: A phase-field study

Abstract We present the results of a comprehensive phase-field study of columnar grain growth competition in bi-crystalline samples in two dimensions (2D) and in three dimensions (3D) for small sample thicknesses allowing a single row of dendrites to form. We focus on the selection of grain boundary (GB) orientation during directional solidification in the steady-state dendritic regime, and study its dependence upon the orientation of two competing grains. In 2D, we map the entire orientation range for both grains, performing several simulations for each configuration to account for the stochasticity of GB orientation selection and to assess the average GB behavior. We find that GB orientation selection depends strongly on whether the primary dendrite growth directions have lateral components (i.e. components perpendicular to the axis of the temperature gradient) that point in the same or opposite directions in the two grains. We identify a range of grain orientations in which grain selection follows the classical description of Walton and Chalmers. We also identify conditions that favor unusual overgrowth of favorably-oriented dendrites at a converging GB. We propose a simple analytical description that reproduces the average GB orientation selection from 2D simulations within statistical fluctuations of a few degrees. In 3D, we find a similar GB orientation selection as in 2D when secondary branches grow in planes parallel and perpendicular to the sample walls. Remarkably, quasi-2D behavior is also observed even when those perpendicular sidebranching planes are rotated by a finite azimuthal angle about the primary dendrite growth axis as long as the absolute values of those azimuthal angles are equal in both grains. In contrast, when the absolute values of those azimuthal angles differ markedly, we find that unusual overgrowth events at a converging GB are promoted by a high azimuthal angle in the least-favorably-oriented grain. We also find that diverging GBs can be strongly affected by those azimuthal angles, while converging GBs exhibit a weak dependence on those angles. For diverging GBs, GB orientation is also strongly affected by the relative signs of the lateral components of the primary dendrite growth directions in both grains.
Meson Form Factors and Deep Exclusive Meson Production Experiments

Pion and kaon electroproduction data play a unique role in Nature and our understanding of them is essential for explaining hadron structure. Precision longitudinaltransverse separated pion and kaon cross sections are of particular interest. They allow for the extraction of meson form factors and validation of understanding of hard exclusive and semi-inclusive reactions (π+ , K + , π0 , γ ) towards 3D hadron imaging and potential future flavor decomposition. We review recent data and present prospects for deep exclusive pion and kaon electroproduction at the 12 GeV Jefferson Lab including the prospects to use projected charged- and neutral pion data to further determine the spin, charge-parity and flavor of GPDs, including the helicity-flip GPDs.
The Materialization of Absence: Beckett’s Neural Theatre

Discussao de aspectos do teatro de Beckett relacionado a complexa materialidade de sua figuras em cena, a partir de trechos de pecas como Ohio Impromptu , textos teoricos e entrevistas do mesmo Beckett, e pensadores como Deleuze e Bergson.
The Role of Caveolin 1 in HIV Infection and Pathogenesis

Caveolin 1 (Cav-1) is a major component of the caveolae structure and is expressed in a variety of cell types including macrophages, which are susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Caveolae structures are present in abundance in mechanically stressed cells such as endothelial cells and adipocytes. HIV infection induces dysfunction of these cells and promotes pathogenesis. Cav-1 and the caveolae structure are believed to be involved in multiple cellular processes that include signal transduction, lipid regulation, endocytosis, transcytosis, and mechanoprotection. Such a broad biological role of Cav-1/caveolae is bound to have functional cross relationships with several molecular pathways including HIV replication and viral-induced pathogenesis. The current review covers the relationship of Cav-1 and HIV in respect to viral replication, persistence, and the potential role in pathogenesis.
KinDectect: kinect detecting objects

Detecting humans and objects in images has been a very challenging problem due to variation in illumination, pose, clothing, background and other complexities. Depth information is an important cue when humans recognize objects and other humans. In this work we utilize the depth information that a Kinect sensor - Xtion Pro Live provides to detect humans and obstacles in real time for a blind or visually impaired user. The system runs in two modes. For the first mode, we focus on how to track and/or detect multiple humans and moving objects and transduce the information to the user. For the second mode, we present a novel approach on how to avoid obstacles for safe navigation for a blind or visually-impaired user in an indoor environment. In addition, we present a user study with some blind-folded users to measure the efficiency and robustness of our algorithms and approaches.