cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Arabidopsis SON1 Is an F-Box Protein That Regulates a Novel Induced Defense Response Independent of Both Salicylic Acid and Systemic Acquired Resistance

One of several induced defense responses in plants is systemic acquired resistance (SAR), which is regulated by salicylic acid and in Arabidopsis by the NIM1/NPR1 protein. To identify additional components of the SAR pathway or other genes that regulate SAR-independent resistance, we performed genetic suppressor screens of mutagenized nim1-1 seedlings, which are highly susceptible to infection by Peronospora parasitica. We isolated the son1 (suppressor of nim1-1) mutant, which shows full restoration of pathogen resistance without the induction of SAR-associated genes and expresses resistance when combined with a salicylate hydroxylase (nahG) transgene. These features indicate that son1-mediated resistance is distinct from SAR. Resistance is effective against both the virulent oomycete Peronospora and the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato strain DC3000. We cloned SON1 and found it to encode a novel protein containing an F-box motif, an element found within the specificity determinant in the E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex. We propose the existence of a novel defense response that is independent of SAR and negatively regulated in Arabidopsis by SON1 through the ubiquitin-proteosome pathway.
Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Family Medicine

Type and Scope of Book: A multiauthored practical review of the diagnosis and treatment of conditions commonly seen in family medicine.
Graph-based analysis and prediction for software evolution

We exploit recent advances in analysis of graph topology to better understand software evolution, and to construct predictors that facilitate software development and maintenance. Managing an evolving, collaborative software system is a complex and expensive process, which still cannot ensure software reliability. Emerging techniques in graph mining have revolutionized the modeling of many complex systems and processes. We show how we can use a graph-based characterization of a software system to capture its evolution and facilitate development, by helping us estimate bug severity, prioritize refactoring efforts, and predict defect-prone releases. Our work consists of three main thrusts. First, we construct graphs that capture software structure at two different levels: (a) the product, i.e., source code and module level, and (b) the process, i.e., developer collaboration level. We identify a set of graph metrics that capture interesting properties of these graphs. Second, we study the evolution of eleven open source programs, including Firefox, Eclipse, MySQL, over the lifespan of the programs, typically a decade or more. Third, we show how our graph metrics can be used to construct predictors for bug severity, high-maintenance software parts, and failure-prone releases. Our work strongly suggests that using graph topology analysis concepts can open many actionable avenues in software engineering research and practice.
Pulmonary atresia with intact septum: the use of Conquest Pro coronary guidewire for perforation of atretic valve and subsequent interventions.

Objective To determine the feasibility and safety of the Conquest Pro wire as an alternative to radiofrequency wire for perforation of atretic pulmonary valve and subsequent balloon dilatation and patent ductus arteriosus stenting in patients with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum. Background Radiofrequency valvotomy and balloon dilatation has become the standard of care for pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum in many institutions today. Methods We report eight consecutive patients in whom we used the Conquest Pro coronary guidewire, a stiff wire normally reserved for revascularisation of coronary lesions with chronic total occlusion, for perforation of atretic pulmonary valve and subsequent balloon dilatation, and stenting of the patent ductus arteriosus. Results Perforation of atretic pulmonary valve was successful in seven out of eight cases. Radiofrequency valvotomy was employed after failure of perforation by the Conquest Pro wire in one case where the right ventricular outflow tract was broad based and tapered towards the pulmonary valve, and was heavily trabeculated. Failure of the Conquest Pro wire to perforate the pulmonary valve plate was mainly attributed by the failure to engage the wire at the correct position. Conclusion The Conquest Pro wire for perforation and subsequent interventions in the more straightforward cases of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum is effective and safe, simplifying the entire procedure. However, the radiofrequency generator and wires remain essential tools in the paediatric interventional catheter laboratory.
Dose-dependent control of intragastric pH by pantoprazole, 10, 20 or 40 mg, in healthy volunteers.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors have emerged as the most effective class of drugs for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux. Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that has demonstrated high clinical efficacy. Aim: To evaluate the effect of once-daily doses of pantoprazole, 10, 20 and 40 mg, on gastric acidity in healthy volunteers. Methods: Thirty-six subjects received pantoprazole in a three-way crossover design study. Ambulatory 24-h intragastric pH and distal oesophageal pH were monitored at baseline and on the last day of each treatment period. The measured endpoints were the median intragastric and oesophageal pH, the percentage of time the intragastric pH < 4 and oesophageal pH < 4 and the area under the curve for gastric acidity over 24 h. Safety was evaluated by incidence and severity of adverse events. Results: Pantoprazole demonstrated a linear dose- dependent suppression of gastric acidity over the dose range 10–40 mg. The dose of 40 mg demonstrated a significantly greater response than the lower doses, particularly at night. All pantoprazole doses were well tolerated. Conclusions: Pantoprazole demonstrates a dose-related effect in the range 10–40 mg once daily. The once-daily dose of 40 mg provides the highest and most consistent control of gastric pH, especially at night.
Identification, Mechanism of Action, and Antitumor Activity of a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Hippo, TGF-β, and Wnt Signaling Pathways

Embryonic signaling pathways, in particular those mediated by Wnt and TGF-β, are known to play key roles in tumor progression through the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Their simultaneous targeting could therefore represent a desirable anticancer strategy. On the basis of recent findings that both Wnt and TGF-β-associated pathways are regulated by Hippo signaling in mammalian cells, we reasoned that targeting the latter would be more effective in inhibiting EMT. In a search for such inhibitors, we identified a small molecule (C19) with remarkable inhibitory activity not only against Hippo, but also against Wnt and TGF-β pathways. C19 inhibited cancer cell migration, proliferation, and resistance to doxorubicin in vitro, and exerted strong antitumor activity in a mouse tumor model. Mechanistically, C19 induced GSK3-β-mediated degradation of the Hippo transducer TAZ, through activation of the Hippo kinases Mst/Lats and the tumor suppressor kinase AMPK upstream of the degradation complex. Overall, this study identified C19 as a multi-EMT pathway inhibitor with a unique mechanism of action. The findings that both AMPK and Mst/Lats mediate the antitumor activity of C19 shed light on a potential cross-talk between metabolic and organ size control pathways in regulating cancer progression. By simultaneously targeting these two pathways, C19 may represent a new type of agents to suppress cancer progression and/or its recurrence.
Requirement of lipocalin 2 for chronic myeloid leukemia

The Bcr-Abl oncoprotein causes chronic myeloid leukemia by a mechanism involving its activated tyrosine kinase. BCR-ABL+ mouse hematopoietic cells persistently express and secrete lipocalin 2 by a mechanism that requires the tyrosine kinase of the Bcr-Abl oncoprotein. Our new findings indicate that lipocalin 2 is required for leukemia induction, as prevention of expression of lipocalin 2 by BCR-ABL+ mouse marrow cells totally blocks leukemia induction in a mouse model.
Perioperative Management of a Pediatric Patient with Catecholamine-Induced Cardiomyopathy Undergoing Laparoscopic Paraganglioma Excision Requiring Biventricular Assist Device Support.

From the Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN. Address reprint requests to Tracy Wester, MD, Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, 2200 Children’s Way, Suite 3115, Nashville, TN, 37232. E-mail: tracy.e.wester@vanderbilt.edu © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1053-0770/2602-0033$36.00/0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2014.04.007
Researching Advocacy Groups: Internet Sources for Research about Public Interest Groups and Social Movement Organizations

Advocacy organizations are critical to the establishment of public policy (Andrews & Edwards, 2004; Berry & Arons, 2002). They serve as creators and promoters of policy ideas, shapers of public opi...
Pharmacokinetic Interactions between Nelfinavir and 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors Atorvastatin and Simvastatin

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors are effective agents in lowering cholesterol and triglycerides and are being used by human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients to treat the lipid elevation that may be associated with antiretroviral therapy. Many HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and protease inhibitors are metabolized by the same cytochrome P450 enzyme 3A4 (CYP3A4). In addition, many protease inhibitors are potent inhibitors of CYP3A4. Therefore, coadministration of these two classes of drugs may cause significant drug interactions. This open-label, multiple-dose study was performed to determine the interactions between nelfinavir, a protease inhibitor, and two HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, atorvastatin and simvastatin, in healthy volunteers. Thirty-two healthy subjects received either atorvastatin calcium (10 mg once a day) or simvastatin (20 mg once a day) for the first 14 days of the study. Nelfinavir (1,250 mg twice a day) was added on days 15 to 28. Pharmacokinetic assessment was performed on days 14 and 28. The study drugs were well tolerated. Nelfinavir increased the steady-state area under the plasma concentration-time curve during one dosing period (AUCτ) of atorvastatin 74% and the maximum concentration (Cmax) of atorvastatin 122% and increased the AUCτ of simvastatin 505% and the Cmax of simvastatin 517%. Neither atorvastatin nor simvastatin appeared to alter the pharmacokinetics of nelfinavir. It is recommended that coadministration of simvastatin with nelfinavir should be avoided, whereas atorvastatin should be used with nelfinavir with caution.
Dissociation as a mediator between child abuse history and adult abuse potential.

Abstract Objective: It has commonly been found that abused children are at risk for later becoming abusive parents Kaufman and Zigler 1987 , Oliver 1993 and observational learning has been discussed as a mechanism that perpetuates this intergenerational cycle of abuse. However, two thirds of abused children do not become abusive (Kaufman & Zigler, 1987) . Thus, the goal of the current study was to examine whether dissociation functions as an additional mechanism mediating the relation between a history of child abuse and abusiveness as an adult. Method: A cross-sectional design was used to examine physical abuse history, dissociation, and physical abuse potential in a sample of 190 college students. Questionnaires were utilized to assess the three constructs. Results: Findings indicated that the three constructs were intercorrelated. In particular, a newly established association was found between dissociation and physical abuse potential (r = .54, p Conclusion: Results suggested that dissociation may be one mechanism that helps to perpetuate the intergenerational cycle of abuse. Although dissociation promotes psychological survival during children’s abuse experiences, it may result in the development of abusive tendencies in later life. Reducing parental dissociation may assist clinicians in preventing or terminating physical child abuse.
Tunneling through Coulombic barriers: quantum control of nuclear fusion

A general coherent control scheme for speeding up quantum tunneling of proton transfer through Coulombic barriers is analysed. The quantum control scenario is based on repetitive electron impact ionization pulses that affect the ensuing interference phenomena responsible for quantum dynamics and force the proton to tunnel into classically forbidden regions of configuration space. The scheme is demonstrated for the simplest model of nuclear fusion, hinting at the possible enhancement of reactive scattering based on low energy collisions.
Rupture dynamics and ground motions from earthquakes in 2‐D heterogeneous media

We perform 2-D simulations of earthquakes on rough faults in media with random heterogeneities (with von Karman distribution) to study the effects of geometric and material heterogeneity on the rupture process and resulting high-frequency ground motions in the near-fault region (out to ∼20 km). Variations in slip and rupture velocity can arise from material heterogeneity alone but are dominantly controlled by fault roughness. Scattering effects become appreciable beyond ∼3 km from the fault. Near-fault scattering extends the duration of incoherent, high-frequency ground motions and, at least in our 2-D simulations, elevates root-mean-square accelerations (i.e., Arias intensity) with negligible reduction in peak velocities. We also demonstrate that near-fault scattering typically occurs in the power law tail of the power spectral density function, quantified by the Hurst exponent and another parameter combining standard deviation and correlation length.
Performance Measurement In The eCommerce Industry

The Balanced Scorecard framework (BSC) developed by Kaplan and Norton (1992) has been widely accepted by most academics and adopted by numerous practitioners in industry. Despite being widely accepted by practitioners in industry, little extant research has focused on the BSC and little empirical analysis has focused on validating the model. This paper first develops performance measures specifically designed for the eCommerce industry by drawing on the BSC and other measures developed by practitioners. Next, the paper reports evidence of the utility of the BSC framework in measuring and monitoring the performance of e-commerce companies. The study utilizes an integrated Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to examine and evaluate the relative efficiency of the measures identified within the BSC framework for measuring the performance of eCommerce companies. Finally, the study examines the effectiveness of the BSC framework in predicting the success or failure of eCommerce companies by focusing on three successful eCommerce and three eCommerce companies that subsequently failed.
Standards Talk: Considering Discourse in Teacher Education Standards

My interest in understanding the discursive meanings of national standards in teacher education comes from my early experiences as a high school English teacher and member of our school district’s K–12 English/Language Arts standards committee in the early 1990s. Standards-based teaching, at the time, involved collaboration with other teachers on the committee, as we negotiated agreement about what our students should know, and what we would consequently teach. Teachers’ voices were integral to the process, and we used our knowledge of our students and the local community’s resources to consider appropriate grade-level standards for our students. The process was not perfect: as Bourdieu (1974) suggests, teachers often act as if the language of standards is natural, “full of allusions and shared understandings,” and assume that “academic judgments which in fact perpetuate cultural privilege” are “fair” (pp. 39–40). To us, standards-setting seemed a professional, rational exercise concluding in consensus, and we never asked whose standards we were promoting. It seemed we were promoting our own.
Measuring the intrarenal distribution of glomerular volumes from histological sections

Glomerular volume is an important metric reflecting glomerular filtration surface area within the kidney. Glomerular hypertrophy, or increased glomerular volume, may be an important marker for renal stress. Current stereological techniques report the average glomerular volume (AVglom) within the kidney. These techniques cannot assess the spatial or regional heterogeneity common in developing renal pathology. Here, we report a novel "unfolding" technique to measure the actual distribution of individual glomerular volumes in a kidney from the two-dimensional glomerulus profiles observed by optical microscopy. The unfolding technique was first developed and tested for accuracy with simulations and then applied to measure the number of glomeruli (Nglom), AVglom, and intrarenal distribution of individual glomerular volume (IVglom) in the oligosyndactyl (Os/(+)) mouse model compared with wild-type (WT) controls. The Os/(+) mice had fewer and larger glomeruli than WT mice: Nglom was 12,126 ± 1,658 (glomeruli/kidney) in the WT mice and 5,516 ± 899 in the Os/(+) mice; AVglom was 2.01 ± 0.28 × 10(-4) mm(3) for the WT mice and 3.47 ± 0.35 × 10(-4) mm(3) for the Os/(+) mice. Comparing the glomerular volume distributions in Os/(+) and WT kidneys, we observed that the Os/(+) distribution peaked at a higher value of IVglom than the WT distribution peak, and glomeruli with a radius greater than 55 μm were more prevalent in the Os/(+) mice (3.4 ± 1.6% of total glomeruli vs. 0.6 ± 1.2% in WT). Finally, the largest profiles were more commonly found in the juxtamedullary region. Unfolding is a novel stereological technique that provides a new quantitative view of glomerular volume distribution in the individual kidney.
Laser Bonding and Modeling for Wafer-Level and Chip-Scale Packaging of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems

In this work, low temperature selective solder (Pb37/Sn63) bonding of silicon chips or wafers for MEMS applications using a continuous wave (CW) carbon dioxide (CO2 ) laser at a wavelength of 10.6μm was examined. The low reflectivity, fair transmittance, and high absorptivity of silicon at the 10.6μm wavelength led to selective heating of the silicon and reflow of an electroplated or screen printed intermediate solder layer which produced silicon-solder-silicon joints. Finite element simulations were carried out to optimize the process parameters in order to achieve uniform heating and minimum induced thermal stress. The bonding process was performed on the fixtures in a vacuum chamber at an air pressure of one milliTorr to achieve fluxless soldering and vacuum encapsulation of silicon dies. The bonding temperature at the sealing ring was close to the reflow temperature of the eutectic lead tin solder, 183°C. Pull test results showed that the joint was sufficiently strong and could not be separated before the silicon die broke. Helium leak testing showed that the leak rate of the package was below 10−8 atm · cc/sec under optimized bonding conditions. The results of the Design of Experiment (DOE) method indicated that both laser incident power and scribe velocity significantly influenced bonding results. This novel method is especially suitable for vacuum bonding wafers containing MEMS and other micro devices with low temperature budgets where managing stress distribution is important. Further, sealed encapsulated and released wafers can be diced without damaging the MEMS devices at wafer scale.© 2002 ASME
Activity of Certain Isomers of Thyroxin.

SummaryTwo closely related isomers of thyroxin have been tested biologically. Meta thyroxin had little if any effect upon the B.M.R. of the rat in doses up to 500 mg per kg of body weight, while ortho thyroxin was found to have an activity of 1/25 to 1/50 of that of thyroxin.
Connective Tissue Defect in the Chick Resulting from Copper Deficiency.

SummaryChicks reared for 4 weeks on a modified non-fat milk diet deficient in copper developed mild anemia, leg weakness, bone deformities and a high incidence of subcutaneous hemorrhage. Mortality amounted to 23% and most deaths resulted from internal hemorrhage associated with rupture of major vessels. Histologic studies suggest a derangement of connective tissue metabolism with the major defect in elastic tissue.
Development and evaluation of an organically certifiable growth medium for cultivation of cyanobacteria

On-farm cultivation of phototrophic, N-fixing cyanobacteria, grown in raceway ponds, could provide organic farmers an alternative N source to meet crop fertilizer needs. The application of cyanobacterial fertilizer in certified organic agriculture requires a growth medium of certified organic ingredients. This study compared growth and N-fixation of cyanobacteria cultured in two media, Allen and Arnon (AA) and a growth medium of organic-approved ingredients (RB) developed by the authors. A xenic culture of Anabaena sp. was grown for 2 weeks in the laboratory. The RB medium had significantly lower concentrations of P, Fe, B, Zn, and Cu than the AA medium. Cyanobacteria grown in RB had significantly greater exponential growth rate but significantly lower net total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) than those grown in AA. In a follow-up replicated field study, the xenic culture of Anabaena sp. was inoculated into raceways aerated by paddle wheels. There was no significant difference in exponential or linear growth rate between the two treatments though the RB medium had lower concentrations of P, Co, Zn, and B than the AA medium. The lack of difference could be the result of an overarching limiting factor evident in both treatments such as light or C depletion or that the lower nutrient concentrations in RB were still sufficient for growth and N-fixation. There was no difference in net TKN between the two treatments, suggesting similar rates of N-fixation. Since bone meal contributed trace amounts of N to the RB media, it is possible that maximal N-fixation was not achieved. However, RB medium was able to support growth similar to that of the AA medium in raceway cultivation.
Sweetpotato Whitefly Control with Soil Insecticides Applied Through Drip Chemigation in Fall Cantaloupes, 2014

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy of Sivanto and Verimark against sweetpotato whiteflies when applied postemergence through a drip irrigation system in fall melons. Cantaloupe plots planted with “Navigator” were established at the Yuma Agricultural Center on 15 August 2014 and managed similarly to local growing practices. Plots consisted of a single 84-inch bed, 45 ft in length with a 7-ft buffer between each plot. The study was designed as an RCB design with four replicates per treatment. Product formulations and rates are shown in Table 1 and 2. …
Long Term Protection in Bladder Cancer Following Intralesional Immunotherapy

AbstractDespite effective treatment of existing tumors, patients with bladder cancer remain at risk of developing new tumors. Effective immunotherapy may lower that risk. To test this hypothesis, mice that had survived transitional cell carcinoma (MBT2) transplantation with the aid of bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy were randomized and tested for long term protective immunity against bladder carcinoma. Fifty-one tumor-free mice that had survived tumor challenge 10 to 15 months previously were randomized into 3 groups to receive intradermal tumor inoculation and intraperitoneal levamisole, intralesional Tice strain bacillus Calmette-Guerin, or intralesional saline. Fifteen previously unchallenged animals also received tumor and intralesional saline. All 3 groups of survivors had less tumor growth (p <0.01) than nonsurvivor controls. Even among survivors, additional bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunization, but not levamisole treatment, significantly inhibited tumor growth (p <0.01). A 2nd experiment co...
Food Consumption, Prolonged Exercise, and LH Secretion in the Peripubertal Female Rat

Ovulation is readily suppressed by food shortage. It can also be suppressed by either excessive exercise or cold exposure if these metabolic drains are not fully compensated by an increase in food consumption. The evolutionary basis for these associated effects relates to the female’s need to reproduce within the context of existing foraging conditions (Bronson 1988a). Most humans no longer need to forage extensively, but the now well-publicized syndrome of athlete’s amenorrhea suggests that we still possess these evolutionarily-ancient responses (see Short 1976; Loucks and Horvath 1985).
Management, Betrieb und Instandhaltung

Die Aufgaben des Managements und des Betriebes von Wasserversorgungsunternehmen (WVU) werden bestimmt durch die Forderungen der hygienisch, technisch und wirtschaftlich einwandfreien Belieferung des Versorgungsgebietes mit Trinkwasser unter Beachtung der einschlagigen Rechtsvorschriften und technischen Regelwerke. Als technische Regelwerke und anerkannte Regeln der Technik gelten dabei vor allem die einschlagigen DIN, die DVGW-Arbeitsblatter, Merkblatter und Hinweise sowie die Unfallverhutungsvorschriften. Wesentliche Bestimmungen davon sind i. a. von den Landerbehorden in Mustersatzungen und Richtlinien fur die Praxis umgesetzt. Da zwischen den Landern infolge der Mitwirkung der LAWA keine wesentlichen Unterschiede bestehen, wird hier erforderlichenfalls auf solche des Freistaates Bayern Bezug genommen.
Development of Hydrogen Production Activity in the Marine Blue-Green Alga Oscillatoria sp. Miami BG 7 under Natural Sunlight Conditions

It was shown that biological hydrogen production by Oscillatoria sp. Miami BG 7 is adaptable to the outdoor environment. The maximum rate observed was 8.6 ml H2/mg dry wt./hr (153 μ moles/mg Chl/hr). The maximum yield obtained was 1.9 ml H2/ml cell suspension/day. There appears to be no major barrier to obtaining high rates and yields of hydrogen production in outdoor systems. This fact greatly enhances the potential future of hydrogen production as a source of energy and chemicals.
Portable Optoelectronic Nose for Monitoring Meat Freshness

A disposable colorimetric sensor array (CSA) made from printing various chemically responsive dyes was combined with a hand-held device for on-site assessment and monitoring of the freshness of five meat products: beef, chicken, fish, pork, and shrimp. The hand-held device takes advantage of an on-board diaphragm micropump and a commercial 1D CMOS camera (CIS) which enables the real-time collection of colorimetric data. The sensor array shows excellent sensitivity to gaseous analytes, especially amines and sulfides at low ppb levels; excellent discrimination among meat volatiles in terms of meat type and storage time was demonstrated with multiple chemometric approaches including principle component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and support vector machine analysis. This optoelectronic nose proves to be a promising supplement to other available techniques for meat product inspection.
Shear viscosity from nuclear stopping

Within a Boltzmann transport model, we demonstrate correlation between stopping observables and shear viscosity in central nuclear collisions at intermediate energies (on the order of 10--1000 MeV/nucleon). The correlation allows us to assess the viscosity of nuclear matter, by tuning the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section in our transport model to agree with nuclear stopping data. We also calculate the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density to determine how close the system is to the universal quantum lower limit proposed in the context of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions.
C-FIT adolescent diversion program: A behavioral intervention pilot test for delinquent offenders:

The Community-Family Integration Teams (C-FIT) diversion program was developed to address behavioral and mental health treatment for justice-involved adolescents. The C-FIT pilot study, implemented...
The Quest for The Ultimate Learning Machine

Traditionally, there has been a division of labor between computers and humans where all forms of number crunching and bit manipulations are left to computers; whereas, intelligent decision-making is left to us humans. We are now at the cusp of a major transformation that can disrupt this balance. There are two triggers for this: firstly, trillions of connected devices (the "Internet of Things") that have begun to sense and transform the large untapped analog world around us to a digital world, and secondly, (thanks to Moore's Law) beyond-exaflop levels of compute, making a large class of structure learning and decision-making problems now computationally tractable. In this talk, I plan to discuss real challenges and amazing opportunities ahead of us for enabling a new class of applications and services, "Machine Intelligence Led Services". These services are distinguished by machines being in the 'lead' for tasks that were traditionally human-led, simply because computer-led implementations are about to reach and even surpass the quality metrics of current human-led offerings.
Ultrafast transient nonlinear dynamics of two-layer graphene sheets

We measure the ultrafast nonlinear dynamics of two-layer graphene. One instantaneous electronic and three non-instantaneous free carrier responses are observed. Measurements indicate a large saturable absorption effect due to Pauli blocking.
Optimal Fixation of Jones Fractures Sacrifices the Peroneal Brevis Tendon Insertion andthe Plantar Fascia

Objectives:Patients with Jones fractures (JF) frequently undergo operative management with intramedullary screw fixation. Screw insertion through the base of the fifth metatarsal potentially compro...
Young Adult Risk Factors for Cancer: Obesity, Inflammation, and Sociobehavioral Mechanisms.

Introduction The paper assesses social disparities in the burdens of metabolic and inflammatory risks for cancer in the U.S. young adult population and examines psychosocial and behavioral mechanisms in such disparities. Methods Using data of 7,889 individuals aged 12–32 years from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health from 1994 to 2009, generalized linear models were used to assess the sex, race/ethnicity, and SES differences in the risks of obesity and inflammation, measured by C-reactive protein. Further tests examined the extent to which social isolation, smoking, physical inactivity, alcohol abuse, and illicit drug use explain social differentials in each biomarker outcome. Results Women, blacks, Hispanics, and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups had higher risks of obesity and elevated C-reactive protein, with the SES gradients being more pronounced in female participants. Health-related behaviors showed large variation across sex, race, and SES strata. After adjusting for these behavioral variables, sex, and race disparities in obesity and excess inflammation in blacks diminished, whereas the adolescent SES disparity in obesity remained. The associations of adolescent and young adult SES disadvantage and inflammation were also explained by behavioral mechanisms. Behavioral factors associated with higher risks of obesity and inflammation differed, with the exception of fast food consumption, a risk factor for both. Conclusions This study provides new knowledge of social distribution of early life exposures to physiologic precedents to cancer development later in life with implications for prevention and early intervention of modifiable risky behaviors in adolescents and young adults.
Human Immune Response Genes

Directly stated, the function of the immune system is to eliminate intruding microorganisms or certain large molecules that enter the milieu of the body. Immunity is the successful outcome of this mechanism and its failure is progressive infection. Apart from the overt congenital or acquired immune deficiencies, there are also more subtle variations in the “resistance” of individuals to specific components of microorganisms that are under the control of alternative genes coding for functionally different molecules involved in immune recognition. There inherited elements are the “immune response genes,” and their study is “immunogenetics.”
Assessment of Suicidal and Non-suicidal Self-injury in Anxiety Disorders

Suicide assessment is an important component of any thorough evaluation of symptoms associated with anxiety disorders. Nonsuicidal self-injury is less commonly assessed, but no less important as it contributes to morbidity in the target anxiety condition. Assessment methods, including functional evaluation and risk assessment, are described in order to fully integrate treatment of this facet of psychopathology into alleviating anxiety symptoms.
The American Dream and Support for the Social Safety Net: Evidence from Experiment and Survey Data

I propose the status quo bias hypothesis, which predicts that housing wealth increases preference for status quo arrangements with respect to Social Security. I contrast the status quo bias hypothesis with the claim that housing wealth reduces support for social insurance, and test the hypothesis in two empirical studies. A survey experiment finds that homeowners informed about high historical home price appreciation (HPA) are about 8 percentage points more likely to prefer existing Social Security arrangements to privatized retirement accounts, compared to those informed about low historical HPA. Observational data from the 2000-2004 ANES panel show that homeowners who experience higher HPA are about 11 percentage points more likely to prefer status quo levels of spending on Social Security than those in the bottom HPA quartile. No significant HPA effects are observed among renters, and for other domains of social insurance among homeowners. The evidence suggests that housing wealth's conservatizing effect should be interpreted as a status quo preference, rather than opposition to redistributive social policies.
Assessing the effectiveness of adjuvant radiation therapy in patients with rare breast cancers including metaplastic and phyllodes tumors.

e12564Background: Metaplastic (MBC) and phyllodes (PBC) breast cancers are rare histologies of breast neoplasms, each representing less than 1% of total breast cancers. Literature over the past dec...
Correction to: Zein–Laponite ® nanocomposites with improved mechanical, thermal and barrier properties

Laponite® is a registered trademark of BYK Additives & Instruments. Throughout the article, the registered trademark symbol should have been used whenever Laponite® was mentioned.
Changes in child welfare and subsequent crime rate trends: A cross-national test of the lagged nurturance hypothesis

Abstract The General Evolutionary Ecological Paradigm for understanding criminal behavior [Criminology 32 (1994) 501.] predicts that social programs which improve the quality of such things as maternal and infant health care, parenting, and education will tend to reduce population-level crime rates 10–15 years later when children exposed to those conditions reach adolescence and early adulthood. This prediction—more simply referred to as the “lagged nurturance hypothesis”—is theoretically important because it integrates population-level perspectives on crime with the large body of microlevel research linking child development with delinquency. We test the lagged nurturance hypothesis using an extensive set of cross-national data. Despite inherent measurement and methodological difficulties associated with cross-national research that weaken statistical power, our findings support the lagged nurturance hypothesis. Implications for future research and public policy are discussed.
Connectivity of Cayley Digraphs

The purpose of this chapter is to study several important mathematical problems related to the interconnection structure of networks. Thus the objects of our study are directed and undirected graphs. In many situations it is highly advantageous to use interconnection networks which are highly symmetric. This often simplifies computational and routing algorithms. One way in which symmetric networks may be constructed is to use interconnection schemes based on the algebraic structure called a group. Such digraphs are called Cayley digraphs and are the primary objects of study in this chapter. We shall concentrate on network connectivity, which may be viewed as measures of vulnerability of the network to global failure as the result either of failures of nodes or failures of links. Many of the results to be presented are valid for more general classes of digraphs than Cayley digraphs; where this is the case we have attempted to carry out the development at the most general level consistent with our overall goals.
High Performance Computing in Image Guided Therapy

We routinely use three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction MRI techniques to understand the anatomic complexity of operative brain lesions and improve preoperative surgical planning. Additionally, we incorporate functional (f-MRI) and metabolic data (PET, SPECT) into the surgical planning, on a case to case basis, using a co-registration algorithm based on maximization of the inherent mutual information contained in the different data sets (MMI) [44]. Surgical planning is performed using MRI based 3D renderings of surgically critical structures such as eloquent cortex, gray matter nuclei, white matter tracts and blood vessels. Simulations using interactive manipulation of 3D data provide an efficient and comprehensive way to appreciate the anatomic relationships of the lesion with respect to the eloquent brain areas and vessels. They provide otherwise inaccessible information, essential for the safe and possibly complete surgical removal of brain lesions. In a second, still experimental step, we propose the use of the 3D reconstruction during surgery, in conjunction with our operative open configuration MR scanner (Signa SP) and real time navigation system, thus facilitating the real-time visualization and quantitative assessment of the intraoperative changes, with the final goal of further reducing the invasiveness, increasing the radicality and safety of the procedure and improving the patient’s outcome.
Exciton Bands in Antiferromagnetic Cr 2 O 3

We have calculated the energy dispersion of the lowest eight $^{2}E$ Frenkel exciton branches in the four-sublattice antiferromagnet ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. This is the first such calculation for a magnetic insulator. The symmetry properties and $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}$ dependence of the interion exchange and Coulomb interactions which give rise to dispersion and Davydov splittings are presented in detail. Pairwise matrix elements of the interion Hamiltonian are treated as phenomenological parameters, and in most cases were determined from the $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}=0$ energies analyzed in an earlier paper. Dispersion curves for five directions in the rhombohedral Brillouin zone, and the exciton density of states, are given. Confirmation of the main features of the calculated exciton bands is provided by a measurement of the exciton-magnon absorption band shape. In the presence of a number of simplifying assumptions, this band shape is given by the joint exciton-magnon density of states. Good agreement between the calculated and observed band shape is obtained.
Role of the nuclear matrix in breast cancer

The mammalian nucleus contains approximately 2 cm of DNA packed into a nucleus that is 10 microns in diameter. The packaging of DNA into the nucleus is organized by the nuclear matrix, the RNA-protein skeleton of the matrix. The nuclear matrix is the scaffold that organizes DNA at a structural as well as a functional level [1]. By organizing DNA in both structural and functional manners, the nuclear matrix plays a critical role in normal cellular function. Several reports have now demonstrated that the nuclear matrix is altered in cancer cells and is intimately involved in the function of several oncogenes. Defining how the nuclear matrix is involved in the process of cell transformation has implications not only for understanding malignancy, but also for the development of new biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.
Conclusion: A Terminus

Rick Grimes’s semi-successful defense of the nuclear family is emblematic of how The Walking Dead represents struggles around reproductive futurism. The franchise presents a variety of queer alternatives to the heteronormative order, and in presenting the resistance to these alternatives, it also presents the contradictions within and damage from the traditional, monogamous, possessive sexual-familial model, helping us to consider the struggle of queer American families. Zombies (always already or potentially us) are oppositional to reproductive futurism and represent queer potentialities, and the containment of queerness invites denaturalizing consideration of its mechanisms. This containment sometimes fails, and until the conclusion of The Walking Dead, its completion remains deferred. In fact, the TV show has recently killed Carl, the ideological impact of which is for now unknown.
Matched Cohort Study of Wound-Healing Complications in Patients With and Without Diabetes Mellitus After Primary Open Carpal Tunnel Release

Purpose Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with increased rates of wound complications and reduced improvement in patient-reported outcomes across a wide range of surgical disciplines, although the impact of DM is less known after primary carpal tunnel release (CTR). This study's hypothesis was that DM would be an independent risk factor for wound complications after CTR. Methods This retrospective, matched, cohort study evaluated all diabetic patients with a preoperative hemoglobin A1c value within 90 days of open primary CTR at a single academic institution from 2007 to 2017. Records were reviewed to determine rates of superficial or deep surgical site infection and delayed wound healing or wound dehiscence. Additional procedures, bilateral procedures, and administration of perioperative antibiotics were also noted. We calculated unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to determine differences in all-cause and specific wound complication rates between patients with and without DM. Results Diabetic patients (n = 128) had an all-cause wound complication rate, surgical site infection rate, and delayed wound healing or wound dehiscence rate of 11 (8.6%), 5 (3.9%), and 6 (4.7%), respectively, compared with 8 (6.3%), 2 (1.6%), and 6 (4.7%), respectively, for nondiabetic patients (n = 128). Diabetes was not significantly associated with an increased rate of all-cause wound complications at an unadjusted odds ratio of 1.41 (range, 0.55–3.63). Rates of specific wound complications also did not differ significantly, although superficial surgical site infections were more common among patients with DM at an unadjusted odds ratio of 5.16 (range, 0.59–44.82). Conclusions Adjusted all-cause wound complication rates did not differ significantly in a matched cohort series. Superficial surgical site infections occurred at a higher rate in patients with DM, although this difference was not statistically significant. The presence of DM is not a contraindication to proceed with CTR in symptomatic patients. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic III.
UNIT 8.6E Conditioned Flavor Aversions: Assessment of Drug-Induced Suppression of Food Intake

Administration of a drug following ingestion of a novel food or solution often suppresses subsequent intake of the new food or solution. This suppression is associative, in that consumption is not suppressed when there is no temporal relationship between consumption and drug administration. The robust nature of aversion learning has made this procedure a sensitive and widely used behavioral index of drug side effects. The procedures described in this unit are suitable for work with rodents, and may require modifications, e.g., in presentation of the ingesta and drug for other species. Familiar and novel foods may be used instead of solutions, with similar results.
An exploratory study of augmented embodiment for computational thinking

The contiguity of physical and digital content of embodied learning has been shown to increase student's engagement in educational contexts. Applications with various kinds of physical interactions have been deployed to enhance the learning experiences in many engineering domains. However, even though computer science education (CSE) is one of zestful topics in the recent years, there are few studies focusing on the embodiment of CSE materials, by which the abstract and intangible concepts could be transformed into an intuitive affordance that utilizes sensorimotor experiences during the learning process. We propose an augmented embodiment mobile app designed for computational thinking (CT), specifically the debugging practices and abstraction concept, that makes use of gestures and augmented reality for learners to interact with the content. We examine the logic by the design framework for embodied learning and discuss potential extensions of multimodal analytics in such an application. Our preliminary user study in a middle school shows students' engagement in the application, however, it also reflected several design issues that need to be solved in the next iteration. The future plan of data analysis and experiments is also discussed.
Convergence of U.S. suicide rates: What does it imply?

Abstract There has been a sharp and steady increase in suicide rates in the US since 2000. We take a novel approach to contribute to the related policy measures. We analyze the cross-sectional and time-varying convergence of suicide rates across US states. Our results show that, in general, there is convergence in suicide rates across the states. While this may imply an extraordinary hike in a few ‘previously well-performing’ states, such convergence also opens an opportunity for uniform policies to work more effectively across the nation. We also find that the convergence-coefficients vary across various geographic regions and demographic groups.
Sex Differences in Externalizing and Internalizing Symptoms of Children with ASD.

This study examined sex differences in externalizing and internalizing symptoms of children with ASD without intellectual disability (ID). The sample (n = 80) included 40 girls and 40 boys, ages 6–12 years, with ASD (without ID) matched on age and IQ. Externalizing and internalizing symptoms were significantly elevated for this sample (girls and boys) relative to normative estimates for all the scales (hyperactivity, aggression, anxiety, and depression) except conduct problems. No significant differences were found between girls and boys for either externalizing symptoms or internalizing symptoms (based on standard score and raw score analyses). Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.