cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tunable High-Q Photonic Bandgap Cavity

We present the design of a tunable high-Q photonic bandgap (PBG) cavity, made from a periodic arrangement of dielectric rods in a woodpile like structure. We know that the axion signal rate diminishes as we move to higher axion mass searches. High quality factor achieved with this type of cavity will enable higher mass axion search with improved signal sensitivity and faster scanning rate. Quality factor in excess of the axion-Q will enable us to design interesting experiments such as the quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement of itinerant microwave photons using superconducting qubits and stimulated emission of photons.
Discordance Between Radiologic Findings and Molecular Testing in Patients With Underlying Hematologic Malignancy and Coronavirus Disease 2019

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is associated with severe disease in patients with hematologic malignancy. We report a series of patients with underlying hematologic malignancy and coronavirus disease of 2019 with discrepancy between radiographic findings and molecular testing. Initial chest x-ray findings should raise suspicion in immunosuppressed patients with typical clinical presentation even with negative initial testing.
An Intersection of Gender, Race, and Sports: Guidelines for Universities Determining Whether to Suspend Athletes Accused of Title IX Violations

Sexual assault on college campuses remains an epidemic. As universities attempt to handle Title IX complaints regarding sexual misconduct, they must protect the academic environment and integrity of their schools. Since athletes are three times more likely to be accused of sexual assault than non-athletes, and schools have historically mishandled complaints against athletes, the proposed guidelines in this Article provide an equitable approach for determining when an athlete should be suspended from playing based on a Title IX complaint brought against the athlete. The guidelines take into account the interests and biases of the schools, athletes, and victims, limits the discretion of the schools in deciding when to suspend, and sends an unequivocal message to the rest of the university and student body that providing a safe academic environment for all students is more important than the school’s athletic profits and success.
Voiding and storage domain-specific symptom score outcomes after prostate artery embolization for lower urinary tract symptoms and urinary retention.

Abstract Objective To characterize voiding and storage symptom domain-specific outcomes after prostate artery embolization (PAE) to treat lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) or urinary retention caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods Two hundred forty patients (age = 74.5 ± 8.6 years) underwent PAE between May 2013 and March 2020 at a single center for LUTS (n = 161) or urinary retention (n = 79). Total International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS-t), voiding domain score (IPSS-v), storage domain score (IPSS-s), and Quality of Life score (QoL) were obtained pre-PAE for LUTS patients (IPSS-t = 21.7 ± 6.2, IPSS-v = 11.9 ± 4.3, IPSS-s = 9.6 ± 3.1, QoL = 4.5 ± 1.2), and post-PAE through 36 months (mean = 22.9 ± 15.2 months) for LUTS and retention patients. Mean relative changes in IPSS-t, IPSS-v, IPSS-s, and QoL were calculated for LUTS patients. Mean voiding or storage component scores were calculated for retention patients. Results For evaluable LUTS patients (n = 147), IPSS-t showed sustained substantial improvement through 36 months (6.3 ± 4.2-8.6 ± 7.6), as did QoL (1.1 ± 1.1-1.8 ± 1.5). One month after PAE, improvements in IPSS-v (69% ± 29%) were greater than in IPSS-s (46% ± 33%; P Conclusions PAE effectively treated BPH-related LUTS and retention. IPSS-v improved more than IPSS-s in LUTS patients, and remained lower in LUTS and retention patients through 36 months.
Strongly Interacting Two-component Coupled Bose Gas in a 1D Optical Lattice

Two-component coupled Bose gas in a 1D optical lattice is examined. In addition to the postulated Mott insulator and Superfluid phases, multiple bosonic components manifest spin degrees of freedom. Coupling of the components in the Bose gas within same site and neighboring sites leads to substantial change in the previously observed spin phases revealing fascinating remarkable spin correlations. In the presence of strong interactions it gives rise to unconventional effective ordering of the spins leading to unprecedented spin phases: site-dependent $z\textsf{-}x$ spin configuration with tunable (by hopping parameter) proclivity of spin alignment along $z$. Exact analysis and Variational Monte Carlo (VMC) along with stochastic minimization on Entangled Plaquette State (EPS) bestow a unique and enhanced perspective into the system beyond the scope of mean-field treatment. The physics of complex intra-component tunneling and inter-component coupling and filling factor greater than unity are discussed.
Calcium-dependent PKC is required for chromatin decondensation during the activation of peripheral T cells (IRM6P.651)

Activation of the T cell receptor (TCR) through antigen binding results in chromatin decondensation required for the clonotypic proliferation observed during a proper immune response. Activation of the TCR results in the cleavage of phospholipase biphosphate (PIP 2 ) into diacylglyercol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP 3 ) by phospholipase C-γ (PLC-γ). Previous studies have shown that both the DAG and IP 3 pathways can decondense chromatin, and that intracellular calcium is required for proper TCR-mediated chromatin decondensation. In this study, we used flow cytometry to analyze histone accessibility of chromatin in T cells and found that PKC activation is also required for proper activation-induced chromatin decondensation. Furthermore, we show that calcium is required for proper PKC-mediated chromatin decondensation. Our studies suggest that the PKC isoform(s) required for decondensation may be calcium-dependent. Finally, we show that activation of PKC and not IP 3 is required for T cells to gain competence to respond to cytokine stimulation. Taken together, our data suggest that IP 3 and PKC signaling work cooperatively to decondense chromatin and regulate clonotypic expansion of T cells during an immune response.
An introduction to the NASA Hyperspectral InfraRed Imager (HyspIRI) mission and preparatory activities

Abstract In 2007, the NASA Hyperspectral InfraRed Imager (HyspIRI) mission was recommended in Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond (Decadal Survey) to address critical science questions in multiple areas, in particular ecosystems and natural hazards. HyspIRI is comprised of two instruments, a visible to short-wavelength infrared (VSWIR) imaging spectrometer and a thermal infrared (TIR) multispectral imager, together with an Intelligent Payload Module (IPM) for onboard processing and rapid downlink of selected data. The VSWIR instrument will have 10 nm contiguous bands and cover the 380–2500 nm spectral range with 30 m spatial resolution and a revisit of 16 days. The TIR instrument will have 8 discrete bands in the 4–13 μm range with 60 m spatial resolution and a revisit of 5 days. With these two instruments in low Earth orbit, HyspIRI will be able to address key science and applications questions in a wide array of fields, ranging from ecosystem function and diversity to human health and urbanization.
PDGF Synergistically Enhances IFN-γ-Induced Expression of CXCL10 in Blood-Derived Macrophages: Implications for HIV Dementia

There is increasing cumulative evidence that activated mononuclear phagocytes (macrophages/microglia) releasing inflammatory mediators in the CNS are a better correlate of HIV-associated dementia (HAD) than the actual viral load in the brain. Earlier studies on simian HIV/rhesus macaque model of NeuroAIDS confirmed that pathological changes in brains of macaques with encephalitis were associated with up-regulation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and the chemokine, CXCL10. Because the complex interplay of inflammatory mediators released by macrophages often leads to the induction of neurotoxins in HAD, we hypothesized that PDGF could interact with IFN-γ to modulate the expression of CXCL10 in these primary virus target cells. Although PDGF alone had no effect on the induction of CXCL10 in human macrophages, in conjunction with IFN-γ, it significantly augmented the expression of CXCL10 RNA & protein through transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. Signaling molecules, such as JAK and STATs, PI3K, MAPK, and NF-κB were found to play a role in the synergistic induction of CXCL10. Furthermore, PDGF via its activation of p38 MAPK was able to increase the stability of IFN-γ-induced CXCL10 mRNA. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the synergistic up-regulation of CXCL10 could aid in the development of therapeutic modalities for HAD.
Corrigendum: Corrigendum to On zero-divisor graphs of small finite commutative rings

This note provides some minor corrections to the article ''On zero-divisor graphs of small finite commutative rings''.
Facilitating Integrating Mission into the Classroom: Reaching Senior Faculty Members

Given the increasing challenges faced by institutions of higher education, Catholic colleges and universities are facing an increasing need to present clear, unique missions to its stakeholders. The development of a unique mission, however, is only the first step – truly integrating a mission into the institution’s mission is often easier said than done. This paper explores the activities by one Catholic university to integrate its mission into its classroom activities, with primary attention placed on a program (Xavier Mission Academy) targeted to senior faculty.
Three-level 1 GS/s digital correlator for wideband polarimetric radiometry

A 500-MHz bandwidth, three-level (1.6 bit) digital correlator operating at 1 GS/s was designed and fabricated. The digital circuit is comprised of discrete high-speed silicon emitter-coupled logic components. The use of digital microwave design techniques was necessary to accomplish proper clock distribution, impedance matching, and asynchronous signal propagation. The correlator is to be part of a fully polarimetric radiometer for airborne application. Experimental results from a 400 MS/s prototype polarimetric radiometer are presented.
Prevention and management of postoperative air leaks.

A contemporary, practical definition of prolonged air leak (PAL) is an air leak that lasts beyond postoperative day 5. This is consistent with the definition used in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons database and represents a leak whose duration exceeds the average length of stay (LOS) for lobectomy. The reported incidence of PAL ranges from 8% to 26% (1), but the definition of PAL has varied amongst reports. PAL increases the LOS, increases hospital costs, and is associated with elevated rates of empyema and other complications. The most consistently reported risk factors for PAL include poor pulmonary function, use of steroids, performance of an upper lobectomy, presence of a pneumothorax coinciding with an air leak, and the presence of pleural adhesions (1,2). With regard to sublobar resection, although it has yet to be studied scientifically, we believe that segmentectomy may have a higher risk of PAL compared to wedge resection due to the increased thickness of some intersegmental planes and the more extensive dissection involved.
WISH/DIP/SPIN90 Proteins Activate Arp2/3 Complex to Create Linear Actin Filaments that Seed Assembly of Branched Actin Networks

Arp2/3 complex nucleates branched actin filaments responsible for powering diverse cellular processes, including cellular motility and endocytosis. WASP-mediated activation of Arp2/3 complex requires preformed filaments, ensuring that nucleation and branching are coupled, but leading to the biochemical consequence that branched network assembly cannot be initiated without a preformed seed filament. We recently discovered a class of Arp2/3 complex activators, the WISH/DIP/SPIN90 (WDS) proteins, that activate Arp2/3 complex without preformed filaments. WDS proteins have several sequence features distinct from WASP proteins, making their mechanism of activation unclear. In addition it is unknown if linear filaments produced by WDS-activated Arp2/3 complex can seed assembly of branched actin networks. Here we use single molecule TIRF microscopy to determine the mechanism of Dip1, a WDS protein from fission yeast. We directly demonstrate that linear filaments nucleated by Dip1 and Arp2/3 complex are substrates for branching by WASP-bound Arp2/3 complex. Dip1 remains bound to Arp2/3 complex at the pointed ends of the linear filaments it nucleates for hundreds of seconds, unlike WASP proteins, which are released before nucleation. Using engineered cysteine crosslinking, we show that a structural change in the complex that brings Arp2 and Arp3 into a filament-like (short pitch) conformation bypasses the need for Wsp1 but not actin filaments in activation. Therefore, we propose a model in which a step-wise set of conformational changes activate Arp2/3 complex. This model explains both how Dip1 bypasses the need for preformed actin filaments and why Wsp1 requires them, thereby providing important new insights into the molecular regulation of the assembly of actin filament networks.
Midkine Gene and the m4 Muscarinic Acid Receptor Gene Are Linked on Mouse Chromosome 2

The retinoid acid inducible midkine gene encodes a highly basic, heparin-binding protein that possesses potential functions of growth or differentiation during the early stages of mouse embryonic development. Midkine gene has been mapped to mouse Chromosome 2. Here we report that the midkine gene is located in close proximity to the m4 muscarinic acid receptor gene. M4 codes for a transmembrane G protein that functions to transduce the action of acetylcholine neural transmitters in the nervous system. The two genes have the directions of their transcriptions running toward one another, and the distance between their respective 3' ends is approximately 1.3 kb.
Fullerenated carbazole polymers via bromination

Surface-substituted and homogeneous fullerenated polymers were produced by bromination followed by a Friedel-Crafts reaction. Control over bonding patterns was provided by the bromination, which enabled the production of photodegradation-resistant fullerenated polymers. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Pharmacological modulation of cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of anti-cancer drugs by PDE5 inhibitors in lung cancer cells

Purpose Previous research has led to the recognition of a cGMP signaling pathway governing drug transport. This study is to investigate whether inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), which increase intracellular cGMP levels, modulate the cytotoxicity and uptake of anti-cancer drugs in cancer cells.
Scatterometric sensor for lithography

Scatterometry, the analysis of light scattered by diffraction from periodic structures, is shown to be a versatile process control and metrology technique for use in microelectronics manufacturing. Contemporary inspection technologies, such as scanning force microscopy (SFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in general cannot be performed in-situ and are slow for real-time process control. Scatterometry, on the other hand, is rapid, nondestructive, inexpensive and might be used on-line. This paper will discuss applications of 2 - (Theta) scatterometry to developed photoresist focus/exposure matrices, often related to the manufacture of microelectronic devices. To test this technique we obtained and measured five identically processed wafers with nominal 0.5 micrometers line/0.5 micrometers space grating patterns. Each wafer is comprised of gratings created in Shipley 89131 negative photoresist and arranged in a matrix of incremental exposure doses and focus settings. The scatterometric CD measurements are consistent in comparison to cross- section and top-down SEM measurements of the same structures. The average deviation of 11 linewidth measurements from top down SEM measurements, over a broad exposure range, is 14.5 nm. In addition, the repeatability (1 - (sigma) ) of the 2 - (Theta) scatterometer is shown to be excellent: 0.5 nm for consecutive measurements and 0.8 nm for day to day measurements.
Use of Regular Rod Arrays to Model Heat Transfer From BWR Fuel Assemblies Inside Transport Casks

The current work is a scoping study to determine which heat transfer effects are significant in the fuel/backfill gas region of spent nuclear fuel transport casks. A two-dimensional finite volume mesh that accurately models the geometry of a 7×7 Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) assembly with its channel in a square isothermal enclosure is constructed. The peak cladding temperature is determined using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for a range of enclosure temperatures, fuel heat generation rates, cladding surface emissivities, and for both nitrogen and helium backfill gases. This work quantifies both the effect of buoyancy induced gas motion in the fuel/backfill gas region and the conditions when it does not significantly affect heat transfer. Future cask design simulations that neglect gas motion will require less computational resources than ones that do not. This work also quantifies the sensitivity of the maximum cladding temperature to fuel cladding emissivity. This helps quantify the uncertainty of temperature predictions if the emissivity is not known. The current CFD technique must be experimentally benchmarked before it may be used with confidence to predict peak cladding temperatures in transport casks. This work indicates that the thermal resistance between a BWR assembly’s channel and the basket walls may be modeled analytically. This will reduce the effort required for benchmark experiments because they will not need to include the channel.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
The Beginnings of a Literature in Latin

As part of the ongoing renewal of the Handbuch der Altertumswissenschaft, the old five volumes of Band VIII, Geschichte der r?mischen Litteratur, known to all its users as 'Schanz-Hosius', are being replaced in eight volumes, in a plan conceived by Reinhart Herzog and Peter Lebrecht Schmidt.1 The fifth volume in chronological order, edited by Herzog and covering 284-374 ce., was published in 1989; the fourth, edited by Klaus Sallmann and covering 117-283 c.e., came out in 1997. In 2002 appeared the first volume in chronological order, under the editorship of Werner Suerbaum. The volume is a massive document of collaborative learning, and its utility to students of Latin literature is going to be very great for the foreseeable future. We shall all be plundering its great stores of testimonia and bibliography, and turning to it as a first resource when dealing with any of the authors or texts it covers; many a dissertation will be floated on the waves of biblio graphy between its covers. Since much of my discussion will be in disagreement, it is important to stress at the outset that I have nothing but admiration and gratitude for the enterprise as a whole. Suerbaum and his team have merited well of Latin studies: they have succeeded magnificently in their primary objective of selflessly providing their colleagues and successors with the material with which to work on this period. Sadly, the volume was dogged and delayed by misfortune. Three crosses mark the list of eight contributors on the title page, and the editor speaks in his Preface of the many other obstacles the team had to overcome, with work being lost on the underground and in a crashed computer (xxi). The contingency of events has marked the volume in other respects as well. The period and the issues which it covers are far more topical in contem porary scholarship than S. could have imagined when he first took the work in hand in the mid-1980s. Old theses are being burnished and new ones are being freshly minted, as scholars return to the problems surrounding the emergence of a literature in Latin with an intensity that no one could readily have predicted twenty years ago. The volume under review provides an opportunity to take stock of the debate, for it not only supplies a mass of documentation but has its own line to take into the bargain. This is really S.'s book, not just in terms of the bulk of the coverage, but in the conception of the issues as well; he has
Spin injection: Graphene wins the match

A single layer of graphene can be used as a tunnel barrier for spin injection in silicon with several advantages over other materials that have previously been used.
Design of Hadoop-based Framework for Analytics of Large Synchrophasor Datasets

Abstract The power sector is increasingly utilizing GPS-stamped real-time measurements from Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) to improve the reliability and efficiency of power grids. PMUs directly measure phase angles in real-time, which allows operators to perform grid optimization that was not possible in the past. In early 2010, almost 250 PMU's were deployed across North America and it continues to increase remarkably. However, one of the major challenges is the complexity of analyzing such a large amount of real-time datasets. The phasor data from PMU's will be accumulated in peta-bytes in coming years, which exceeds the capability of conventional relational database technologies. A new software and architecture framework is in desperate need to process such a large amount of data in real-time reliably and cost- effectively. The paper presents a new framework based on Hadoop, an open-source system widely used in the industry, to perform distributed and parallel analytics on large synchrophasor datasets. The paper demonstrates various applications of MapReduce to analyze patterns of load distribution using parallel node calculations, which can later be scaled up to match the requirements for power utility sector. The paper serves as a pilot study on data analytics on big data of smart grids.
THE SYNTHESIS OF SULFINYL CHLORIDES. A REVIEW

(1970). THE SYNTHESIS OF SULFINYL CHLORIDES. A REVIEW. Organic Preparations and Procedures: Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 235-244.
Thigmomorphogenesis: XXIII. Promotion of foliar senescence by mechanical perturbation of Avena sativa and four other species

Mechanical perturbation (MP, gentle tubbing) promoted the senescence of detached oat (Avena sativa L. cv. Victory) leaf segments in the dark. The promotion of senescence increased with increase in the number of rubbings and could be seen after 24 h of dark incubation; the maximum effect was reached on day 3. The effect (% of control) of MP on the loss of protein was greater than the effect on chlorophyll (Chl) loss on day 1. However, on day 3 the effect of MP on the loss of Chl became greater than the effect on the loss of protein. Ethephon and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) marginally promoted the loss of Chl by both control and rubbed oat leaf segments, and the effect was additive with MP. Chloramphenicol (CAP), spermine, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and Ca2+ marginally delayed the loss of Chl and protein in both control and rubbed segments. Kinetin greatly retarded the senescence of all segments. Even in the presence of these substances, the amounts of Chl and protein in the rubbed segments were always less than in their respective controls, thus retaining the effect of the MP. However, abscisic acid (ABA) and cycloheximide (CHI) caused the rubbed oat leaf segments to retain more Chl and protein than their respective control segments. The effect of CHI was actually enhanced by MP. Rubbing promoted the senescence of attached leaves of oats (Avena sativa L. cv. Victory), maize (Zea mays L. cv. Early Belle) and pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Jack-o-lantern) cotyledons in the dark. Rubbing promoted the senescence of oat leaf segments even in light, although to a lesser extent compared to the effect in the dark. The senescence of leaves of pumpkin and cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium Wallr. var. Pennsylvanicum) in situ was also enhanced by MP.
REAL INCOME LEVELS IN LATIN AMERICA

The measurement and inter-spatial comparison of Latin American real income levels calls for techniques which depart substantially from the conventional procedure of applying such official or free market exchange rates as happen to prevail in any given period. The reasons are varied, the main ones being that in an area such as Latin America prices are notoriously volatile, their structure differs radically from that encountered in other parts of the world, and the exchange rate system is characterized by frequent and usually irregular revisions, while in certain countries a multiple exchange rate system applies and no single factor is available for conversion purposes. In addition, there exists the problem common to all developing countries that the rates to a large extent reflect the exchange value of a limited number of export commodities vis-a-vis a wide range of imported goods and in no way typify the internal-external price relationship for the bulk of production which by its nature fails to enter into international trading transactions. The author has endeavoured to circumvent these difficulties by adopting the often-discussed “purchasing power parity” approach whereby national accounts data are converted into a common monetary denominator (in this case, the U.S. dollar) expressed in “real” or quantitative terms which as far as possible eliminate inter-spatial price differences. Results are presented and analyzed, first for the base year 1960, and then for the period 1955–1964 at the level of main expenditure sectors as well as for the total gross domestic product. To the extent that available statistics permitted, results for Latin American countries are also related to the United States and certain countries in Western Europe, a main objective being to determine the approximate dimension of the incomes “gap” and to ascertain whether this is increasing, decreasing or remaining very much unchanged in size.
Microbial utilization of amino acids and a peptide bound on homoionic montmorillonite and kaolinite

The ability of microorganisms to utilize amino acids and a peptide bound on montmorillonite (M) and kaolinite (K) homoionic to different cations as a sole source of carbon (C) or nitrogen (N) was studied. Proline bound on M homoionic to hydrogen or calcium was used by Agrobacterium radiobacter as a source of N only when the medium was supplemented with glucose, but it was not utilized as a C source even when NH4NO3 was added to the medium. Arginine bound on M homoionic to hydrogen was used as a source of both C and N in the absence of exogenous glucose or NH4NO3, whereas when complexed on M homoionic to aluminum, it was used only as a source of N or C in the presence of glucose or NH4NO3, respectively. Glycylglycine bound on K homoionic to sodium was used as a source of N in the presence of glucose. Aspartic acid and cysteine were not used by A. radiobacter, other bacteria, or fungi when bound on the homoionic clays. These differences in utilization of the bound amino acids and peptide may have been related to their relative affinity for the clays and microbial permeases, their location on the clays and the yield of energy from their intracellular metabolism as compared to the energy necessary for their transport from the clays into the cell.
Disclosing personal information via hotel apps: A privacy calculus perspective ☆

Abstract In an era dominated by mobile apps as the final element of the value chain, hotel: firms strive to offer their guests new levels of personalization. To obtain such personalization benefits, consumers need to disclose personal information to hotels, thus threatening their privacy. Engaging in a calculus of benefits and risks associated with information disclosure, consumers may overcome their risk perceptions and opt to disclose personal information. Using data from a sample of hotel: guests from the U.S., this study developed and empirically validated a conceptual model based on an extended version of the privacy calculus model that explained consumers’ willingness to disclose personal information via hotel: apps. It was found that trust in the app and the overall value of information disclosure has significant impacts on personal information disclosure via apps. Several important implications for theory and practice of these findings are discussed.
Mean winds and waves in the troposphere during ALOHA‐90

Measurements of the tropospheric horizontal wind field at Christmas Island during the ALOHA-90 campaign are presented in this paper. A diurnal cycle is observed on several days but is not consistent from day-to-day. Significant variance associated with the high frequency wave motions occurred between March 22 and 26, 1990. This large wave activity in the troposphere is consistent with mesospheric wave activity during the same time interval.
Hybridization of literacy practices: A review of What They Don't Learn in School: Literacy in the Lives of Urban Youth

Book reviewed in this article: What They Don't Learn in School: Literacy in the Lives of Urban Youth. Edited by Jabari Mahiri. 2004.
An FFT algorithm based fast algorithm for arbitrary polynomial transformation

A fast algorithm for the arbitrary polynomial transformation is described. This algorithm is based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm and reduces the computational complexity of a recently proposed recursive algorithm by an order of magnitude. >
Treatment acceptability ratings for sexual offenders: effect of diagnosis and offense.

Abstract Case description methodology was used to obtain treatment acceptability ratings for mentally retarded and nondisabled (normal) sex offenders across three different offenses (masturbation, rape, and child fondling) and eight interventions. For both diagnostic groups, social-sexual skills training (SST) was the most acceptable treatment except in cases of rape, fondling of a minor, and public masturbations. For these offenses, SST was as acceptable as aversive treatments and incarceration. The addition of a positive treatment component to a preexisting aversive intervention did not result in significantly different acceptability ratings relative to ratings of aversive interventions alone. Respondent's history as a victim of sexual abuse did not affect treatment acceptability ratings for prison, medication, or use of noxious odors.
A pulsed-molecular-beam mass spectrometer for studies of atomic and ionic impact phenomena on metal surfaces

Abstract A pulsed-molecular-beam mass spectrometer has been developed, which offers a new approach in the investigations of the kinetics of gas/solid interactions and in research on molecular beams. Since the construction of the major portion of the apparatus has been completed, it seems appropriate at this time to describe the design features of the machine and to discuss briefly some particular research objectives which will be made possible by the special design features of the apparatus. It is intended to limit this discussion mainly to the types of investigations of atomic impact phenomena on metal surfaces made possible by the new design and refer to other reports [1] for discussion of ionic impact phenomena (such as inelastic and elastic reflection of ions from clean single-crystal surfaces, resonance neutralization of ions, etc.).
School administration and school reform in Botswana

Abstract This paper reports the results of a survey of post-primary school administrators in Botswana, and discusses the implications of the findings for the success of the current program of school reforms. The paper suggests that administrative authority will have to be decentralized and school-level administrators will have to be given additional training if the reforms are to maintain or improve the quality of education in Botswana's schools.
The Schrödinger description of a single photon

The formulation of the wave function of a single photon has always been in a con ict with the spatial localization of a photon. Lack of the correct treatment for the probability and current density of a single photon resisted self-consistent treatment of the wave function of a single photon. Here we proceed with the construction of the wave function for a single photon that allows us to introduce probability and current density of a single photon. The wave function of a single photon is constructed from the matrix elements of the electric and magnetic elds that couple vacuum state with the Fock state occupied by a single photon. Further we show that the spin of a photon, being projected on the direction of the photon ight propagation, de nes the time evolution of the photon wave function. As the result it can be identi ed with the Hamiltonian of a single photon that establishes Schrodinger equation for a single photon. The Schrodinger description naturally leads to the current and the probability density for a single photon that satis es the continuity equation. The Schrodinger formulation of the Maxwell equations provides a clear physical meaning for the spin of a photon in a similar way to the Dirac equation provides a natural explanation for the spin of an electron.
Enhancement of PCM melting in enclosures with horizontally-finned internal surfaces

A numerical model for simulating the melting of a phase change material (PCM) housed within an internally-finned metal enclosure is developed. A finite volume approach, utilizing the temperature-transforming model for phase change, is used to predict the conjugate heat transfer in the cavity walls and fins, as well as within the molten PCM. The influence of the number of fins, the fin length and thickness, and the hot wall temperature on the melting process is reported. With horizontal fins, rapid melting occurs during the early stages of the phase change, followed by a second, slow melting regime. Analytical correlations are developed that can be used to quickly estimate melting rates during both melting regimes, and it is shown that the predictions of the correlations are in good agreement with those of the detailed model.
Magnitude of the zener relaxation effect—IV anisotropy of the relaxation strength in Al-4% Cu

Abstract The important parameters controlling the anisotropy of the Zener relaxation in quenched and reverted Al-4% Cu (1.8 at. % Cu) have been determined from internal friction measurements in torsional and transverse vibration on 〈100〉 oriented single crystal specimens. A new flexure pendulum apparatus, devised for the measurements in transverse vibration, is described briefly. The results show that the anisotropy is not only much larger than is predicted by the theory of Le Claire and Lomer, but that the maximum tensile relaxation strength occurs in the 〈100〉 orientation, for which this theory predicts a minimum value. The pair-reorientation theory of Zener is also applied to the results from this dilute alloy, and is shown to fail in the same way as Le Claire and Lomer's theory. So far, only the suggestion of Seraphim and Nowick, that the relaxation involves primarily the reorientation of second neighbor pairs, appears to be capable of explaining the observed results.
Co-translational effects of temperature on membrane insertion and orientation of P-glycoprotein sequences.

P-glycoprotein (pgp) is a membrane transport protein that causes multidrug resistance (MDR) by actively extruding a wide variety of cytotoxic agents out of cells. It may also function as a peptide transporter, a volume-regulated chloride channel, and an ATP channel. Previously, it has been shown that hamster pgp1 Pgp is expressed in more than one topological form and that the generation of these structures is modulated by charged amino acids flanking the predicted transmembrane (TM) segments 3 and 4 and by soluble cytoplasmic factors. Different topological structures of Pgp may be related to its different functions. In this study, we examined the effects of translation temperature on the membrane insertion process and the topologies of Pgp. Using the rabbit reticulocyte lysate expression system, we showed that translation at different temperatures affects the membrane insertion and orientation of the putative TM3 and TM4 of hamster pgp1 Pgp in a co-translational manner. This observation suggests that the membrane insertion process of TM3 and TM4 of Pgp molecules may involve a protein conducting channel and/or the interaction between TM3 and TM4, which act in a temperature sensitive manner. We speculate that manipulating temperature may provide a way to understand the structure-function relationship of Pgp and help overcome Pgp-related multidrug resistance of cancer cells.
Redundant Metering for Integrity with Information-Theoretic Confidentiality

Redundant metering is frequently used to verify the integrity of billing data reported by advanced metering infrastructure, but the redundant measurement introduces a potential confidentiality leak. We propose a way to encode the redundant measurement at a bit rate below its entropy, so that it cannot be decoded from the encoded bits alone. In this way, we guarantee information-theoretic confidentiality, regardless of the computational power of an eavesdropper. We provide practical Slepian-Wolf codes to realize security of up to 5 bit/sample for 8-bit samples based on actual power metering experiments.
Vitamin C: an aldose reductase inhibitor that normalizes erythrocyte sorbitol in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Objective Diabetic hyperglycemia promotes sorbitol production from glucose via aldose reductase. Since the intracellular accumulation of sorbitol, or its sequelae, are postulated to contribute to the progression of chronic diabetic complications, aldose reductase inhibitors (ARI) offer therapeutic promise. Others have shown that vitamin C at pharmacologic doses decreases erythrocyte (RBC) sorbitol. We examined whether smaller, physiologic doses of vitamin C were also effective in individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and whether vitamin C was an ARI in vitro. Methods Vitamin C supplements (100 or 600 mg) were taken daily for 58 days by young adults with IDDM and nondiabetic adults in an otherwise free-living design. Diabetic control was monitored by fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and glycosuria and was moderate to poor throughout the study. RBC sorbitol was measured at baseline and again at 30 and 58 days. Three-day dietary records and 24-hour urine collections were performed for each sampling day. Results RBC sorbitol levels were significantly elevated in IDDMs, on average doubled, despite their more than adequate dietary intakes of vitamin C and normal plasma concentrations. Vitamin C supplementation at either dose normalized the RBC sorbitol in IDDMs within 30 days. This correction of sorbitol accumulation was independent of changes in diabetic control. Furthermore, our in vitro studies show that ascorbic acid inhibited aldose reductase activity. Conclusions Vitamin C supplementation is effective in reducing sorbitol accumulation in the erythrocytes of diabetics. Given its tissue distribution and low toxicity, we suggest a superiority for vitamin C over pharmaceutic ARIs.
A carbanion approach to ‘doped’ polyacetylene: Poly (Acetylene-Co-13,-butadiene)

Abstract The random copolymer of acetylene and butadiene can be readily deprotonated with alkyl-lithiums to produce an anionic polymer with the expected spectroscopic characteristics. Reprotonation with D2O generates a modified neutral polymer in which double bonds have been brought into conjugation.
Restrained rats learn amphetamine-conditioned locomotion, but not place preference

The relationship between the motor-activating and positive-reinforcing properties of d-amphetamine was examined in the place-preference paradigm. Two groups of animals were trained to associate one environment with amphetamine, and another environment with saline. Animals that were allowed to locomote in both environments during training later demonstrated a preference for the amphetamine-paired environment; animals in which hyperactivity was limited in both environments later failed to show any preference. However, both groups of animals demonstrated a conditioned locomotor activation to the amphetamine-associated environments. Our results suggest that a place-preference demonstrated for an amphetamine-paired environment depends on the ability of the drug to increase locomotor behavior.
Decomposition of formic acid on Ru(001): An EELS search for a formic anhydride intermediate

Abstract High resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy has demonstrated the existence of a symmetrical bidentate bridging formate as a stable intermediate in the decomposition of formic acid on the Ru(001) surface. This formate decomposes with two pathways - via C-H bond cleavage to give CO 2 and adsorbed hydrogen, and via C-O bond cleavage to give adsorbed hydrogen, oxygen and CO. Thermal desorption demonstrates the evolution of H 2 , H 2 O, CO and CO 2 . The observation of this product distribution from Ru(100), Ni(100) and Ni(110) had prompted the proposal of a formic anhydride intermediate. The spectroscopic results reported here bring the presence of this postulated, normally unstable species into question.
Constraints Placed on the Chondrule-Forming Process by Merrihueite in the Mezö-Madaras Chondrite

A few unusual chondrules in the Mezoe-Madaras L3 chondrite contain the peralkaline mineral merrihueite, (K, Na)2(Fe, Mg)5Si12O30, formed by reaction of free silica in the chondrules with K, Na, Fe-rich nebular gas. Vapor fractionation was required to create chondrules poor in Al and rich in Si, and the fractionated condensate produced had to aggregate into protochondrules very promptly (on the order of hours or less) to prevent it from mixing with dust of more generalized composition in the nebula. The traditional paradigm for chondrule formation, involving a series of unrelated events (chemical fractionation of precursor dust; clumping of the dust; melting of the dust-clumps), is inadequate for making these chondrules. A rapid process, all stages of which are related, is required. We propose that this occurred during the cooling and contraction of the volume of hot gas created by a small transient high-energy event in the nebula, of unspecified nature. Microdroplets of silicate melt created by condensation from the cooling, contracting gas had velocity vectors directed toward the center of the volume. Coalescence occurred in the crowded central zone where the microdroplets converged. The Mezoe-Madaras merriihueite-bearing chondrules may have been formed by an atypically low-energy nebular event, which achieved the needed chemical fractionations by only partially vaporizing precursor dust. More commonplace chondrule types may have been created by the same basic process, but involving higher-energy events in which precursor dust was completely vaporized and recondensed.
Compositional analysis of polysaccharides via solvolysis with liquid hydrogen fluoride

Abstract A simple procedure is described for solvolysis of the glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides and related compounds in and by liquid hydrogen fluoride (HF), which does so without destruction of acid-sensitive sugars or formation of reversion products from the released monosaccharides. Following solvolysis, water is added to effect hydrolysis of the resulting glycosyl fluorides. Liberated reducing sugars are determined qualitatively and quantitatively, without derivatization, by high-performance liquid chromatography.
A More Natural Approach For Recognition Of Line-Drawing Patterns

This paper concerns a critique of several line-drawing pattern recognition methods such as picture descriptive language[15], Berthod and Maroy's methods[1], extended Freeman's chain code [4,22], tree grammar[5-6] and array grammar[3] [20,21]. Then a new character recognition scheme using improved extended octal code as primitive is introduced, which has certain advantages such as flexible size, orientation, variations, fewer learning samples needed and lower degree of ambiguity. Finally the concept of semantic pattern recognition is discussed.
Idiopathic talipes equinovarus (ITEV) (clubfeet) in Texas

Idiopathic talipes equinovarus (ITEV) is the most common form of clubfoot with a birth prevalence of 1 per 1,000 births. Serial casting and surgical correction impose a substantial financial burden on families and the health care system. While the etiology of ITEV is considered to be complex, the causes remain elusive. Genetic, maternal, and environmental factors have been suggested to play an etiologic role. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of ITEV and define maternal and environmental factors associated with ITEV in Texas from 1996 to 1999. Data on 682 cases of nonsyndromic ITEV were compared with all births (n = 923,543) in Texas during the same period. The overall prevalence and prevalence odds ratios (PORs) were calculated for gender, year of birth, public health region (PHR), race, maternal age, education, folic acid fortification, and parity. The overall prevalence of ITEV was 0.74/1,000 or 1/1,354 live births. Adjusted PORs were similar among blacks and US and foreign-born Hispanics (POR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.69-1.21; POR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.79-1.25; and POR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.74-1.19), respectively, compared to whites. College education and higher parity were significantly associated with a lower risk of giving birth to offspring with ITEV. Babies born after folic acid fortification of grains had a very small decrease in ITEV that may be due to chance.
Conservative treatment of mallet thumb

Four cases of mallet thumb were treated conservatively by splinting the interphalangeal joint of the thumb in extension using the Stack splint. Two patients had sharply cut the extensor tendon on the dorsum of the proximal phalanx and two had avulsion of the extensor tendon from the base of the distal phalanx. Eight weeks of continuous splinting was followed by 2 weeks of night splinting. Six months of follow-up revealed excellent range of motion in all four cases.
Magnetization transfer effects in multislice MR imaging.

Abstract A theoretical model is presented which describes the effects of magnetization transfer in multislice MR imaging of a tissue-mimicking phantom composed of cross-linked agar gel. The model is successful in explaining differences between single and multislice image signal intensities observed for the agar gel but not seen in a simple aqueous solution. Magnetization transfer leads to a reduction in the image signal intensity of a slice of interest due to off-resonance RF irradiation arising from 90° and 180° pulses intended for neighboring slices. The contribution of magnetization transfer to multislice MR imaging depends on the amount of off-resonance RF irradiation during the imaging sequence repetition interval. For the tissue-mimicking agar gel, conventional spin-echo multislice imaging gave rise to a negligible image signal intensity reduction (≤2%); however, fast spin-echo (FSE) imaging, which employs up to 16 times as many RF pulses per slice, exhibited as much as a 13% reduction in image signal intensity (13 slices). The reduction in multislice image signal intensity due to magnetization transfer is sample specific and is shown to be more dramatic for in vivo human leg muscle (10% for conventional spin echo, 40% for FSE) where magnetization transfer rates are greater than in the cross-linked agar gel.
Adsorption study of cysteine, N-acetylcysteamine, cysteinesulfinic acid and cysteic acid on a polycrystalline gold electrode

Abstract Capacity-potential data for the adsorption of cysteine and other organosulfur compounds on polycrystalline gold are reported. Cysteine, N-acetylcysteamine and cysteinesulfinic acid form monolayers on gold through the thiol group and significantly lower the interfacial capacity in the double-layer region. However, cysteic acid forms multilayers under the same conditions. The surface excess of the compounds at full monolayer coverage has been estimated and compared with the data for the adsorption of simple n-alkylthiols. It is argued that the packing of the cysteine and related compounds is more compact because of strong electrostatic interactions.