cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Change in the Political Alignment of Chicago's Negroes During the New Deal

THE period from 1932 to 1940 saw a breakdown in the northern Negro's one-party alignment. Deserting the Republicans, the party of their "liberators," Negroes entered for the first time the columns of their traditional enemies, the Democrats. Prior to the New Deal, Democratic administrations had neither sought nor won a majority of Negro votes; but by the end of the New Deal, northern Negroes were voting Democratic. This transfer of Negro voters represents as dramatic and sudden a change in political behavior as has ever occurred in American politics and poses a question about the role that the New Deal played in causing the shift. Historians continue to debate the question of whether the changes inaugurated by the New Deal represented a continuation of, or a break from, the reform movement of the Progressive era. The continuity-discontinuity frame of reference may be utilized to analyze the northern Negro's sudden move to the Democrats. Did Negroes break their traditional Republican ties because the New Deal offered a radical change from past policies toward the Negro-a discontinuity? Or might the Negro have switched his political affiliation even if the New Deal never occurred? On the eve of the New Deal, Negroes were firmly moored to the Republican party. The shift did not occur until the New Deal programs had been initiated, and the New Deal did institute changes which, in the short as well as the long run, profoundly affected the American Negro. But the New Dealers did not design their programs specifically to improve the Negro's status, and it would be incorrect to suggest that the New Deal altered the essentially subordinate role of the Negro in American life. Indeed, New Dealers did not even enact anti-lynching legislation. The failure of New Dealers, supposedly aware of the problems of the "forgotten man," to take affirmative action in favor of the Negro indicates that the New Deal
A RARE CAUSE OF RECURRENT ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION REFRACTORY TO CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT

Orthostatic hypotension is a common diagnosis encountered in medical practice. Conventional therapies, including correcting reversible causes, non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatments usually achieve facile symptom resolution. We herein present a case of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (NOH
Abstract 5222: Identification of cell signaling pathway associated miRNAs in cancer cells using a systems biological approach.

MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules and on average only 22 nucleotides long that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Target predictions of miRNA based on sequence are limited due to too many candidates resulting in high false positives. To overcome this limitation functional target prediction approaches have been investigated with mRNA and miRNA expression data. These approaches can be used in the computational assessment of functional miRNA-target association. However, these approaches with miRNA-mRNA association were not enough to verify real functional targets at protein level, which could affect on cell signaling pathway. Therefore, in the present study to compensate this limitation, we developed a novel correlation based approach (sequence-independence) to predict potential miRNA targets with genomic and proteomic data, protein, miRNA and mRNA array data, in NCI-60 cells. To establish a prediction model for identifying the association of miRNA-cell signaling pathways by analyzing genomic and proteomic data, we performed a correlation based method among miRNA, mRNA and protein expression profile. Using this approach, we generated the Association score matrix (ASM) between miRNA and protein probes. Based on ASM, we finally generated the highly associated miRNAs with cell signaling pathways called miRNA-pathway association map (miRPM). To validate our approach, we used miR-500 as an example to investigate the hypothetical target regulation mechanisms predicted by miRPM. We confirmed in-vitro that mir-500 highly is associated with ERK/MAPK signaling pathway in melanoma and breast cancer cells. Furthermore, we found PP1/PP2 might be a direct target of miR-500 to regulate activating the ERK/MAPK pathway. In conclusion, we developed a novel expression profile based approach to systematically predict potential miRNA functional targets which play critical roles in cell signaling pathways from the NCI-60 genomic and proteomic data at whole genomic scale. Our approach might be applied to investigate the unknown regulatory role of miRNAs in signaling pathways and gene regulatory networks. Citation Format: Sangbae Kim, Bo Hwa Sohn, Yun-Yong Park, Ji-Hoon Kim, Sung Sook Lee, Micheal A. Davies, Gordon B. Mills, Ju-Seog Lee. Identification of cell signaling pathway associated miRNAs in cancer cells using a systems biological approach. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5222. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5222
Attribute expression of channel forms in a hybrid carbonate turbidite formation

ABSTRACTMuch of the world’s conventional oil and gas production comes from turbidite systems. Interpreting them in three dimensions using commercially available software generally requires seismic attributes. Hybrid carbonate turbidite systems are an interesting phenomenon that is not fully understood. I have examined the attribute expression of channel forms in a hybrid carbonate turbidite system from off the coast of Western Australia. I have determined several characteristic responses to attributes that improve the ability to identify and delineate the channel forms. Finally, I have evaluated and developed a workflow that is effective at modeling and extracting the channel forms in three dimensions, leading to a product that can be used in further understanding of how carbonate turbidite systems develop.
Study on the Improvement of Mining Explosives by Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology techniques may be used to influence,or establish,certain p roperties of materials such as the oxide coating on aluminum particles. It i s shown how control of the melting of the coating on aluminum particles in a min ing explosive helps control the split of the total energy released into shock en ergy,that supports the detonating shock wave and heave energy,that heaves th e overburden off the ore body. By appropriately choosing the thermal characteris tics of the coating on the aluminum particles the total energy may be split into the most advantageous proportions.
Decadal Changes, Correlations, and Trends

While we are still grappling with fundamental questions about the root causes of observed changes in the polar regions, satellite sensors have provided us with extraordinary tools for evaluating the scope of these changes and for understanding how changes in the different observables may be related to each other. We analyze satellite or reanalysis data over a 26-year period in which data on surface temperature, sea ice cover, albedo, and sea level pressure are concurrently available. The difference of 13-year segments of the different variables are shown to be coherent and it is apparent that changes in one parameter are also observed in the other parameters. Correlations of surface temperature with sea ice concentration and albedo are very strong and possible connections between chlorophyll concentration with the ice cover and surface temperature have been identified in the early spring period. Drastic declines in the Arctic perennial and multiyear ice cover are also observed suggesting that profound changes are going on in the polar oceans.
Dual Master’s degree in art librarianship, Indiana University, USA

In 1985 the dual master’s degree program in art librarianship was developed at Indiana University by the head of the Fine Arts Library, working with faculty members in the School of Fine Arts/Art History and the School of Library and Information Science. This program is designed to prepare students in the United States for professional library and information specialist positions in fine arts libraries and information centers. The student is offered a coordinated approach to achieving two masters degrees — one in art history and the other in library and information science — and must be admitted to both schools. For this program the course ‘Seminar in Art Librarianship’ was devised, covering topics such as administration, collection development, reference services, and visual resources management. Further requirements include a research bibliography course in art history and fieldwork experience in the Fine Arts and Slide libraries. This program seeks to meet the need for a marketable combination of subject–specific and library/information science education for art library and visual resources professionals.
Fast algorithms and multidimensional convolutions

Just as one can define a one-dimensional convolution, so one can define a multidimensional convolution. Multidimensional linear convolutions and cyclic convolutions can be defined in any field of interest on multidimensional arrays of data and are useful in many ways. We have seen in earlier chapters that multidimensional arrays and multidimensional convolutions can be created artificially as part of an algorithm for processing a one-dimensional data vector. Multidimensional arrays also arise naturally in many signal-processing problems, especially in the processing of image data such as satellite reconnaissance photographs, medical imagery including X-ray images, seismic records, and electron micrographs. This chapter will begin the study of fast algorithms for multidimensional convolutions by nesting fast algorithms for one-dimensional convolutions. Then we shall study ways to construct a fast algorithm for a one-dimensional cyclic convolution by temporarily mapping it into a multidimensional convolution, a procedure that is known as the Agarwal–Cooley convolution algorithm . The Agarwal–Cooley algorithm for one-dimensional cyclic convolution is a powerful adjunct to the convolution methods studied in Chapter 6, which become unwieldy for large blocklength. It gives a way to build algorithms for large one-dimensional cyclic convolutions by combining the small convolution algorithms. Then, in the latter half of the chapter, we shall study methods that are derived specifically to compute two-dimensional convolutions. Nested convolution algorithms A two-dimensional convolution is an operation on a pair of two-dimensional arrays.
Using small mass and force metrology for laser power measurement

Precision measurement of photon pressure by various methods has been ongoing for over a century, but without a metrological comparison between optical power and mass or force standards. The work summarized herein describes metrological methods for use of radiation pressure forces to interconvert between mass, force and laser power. These experiments have the potential to allow the accurate measurement of laser from a calibrated mass or force and vice versa in a fashion traceable to the International System of Units (SI). New results show potential improvements in both small force and laser power measurement uncertainties using these methods.
Maternal Buprenorphine Maintenance and Lactation

Background:In addition to the well-known benefits of human milk and breastfeeding for the mother and infant, breastfeeding may mitigate neonatal abstinence syndrome severity in prenatally opioid-ex...
O58. Illustrated instructions for training of physics QA

Introduction Physics QA procedures are typically taught one-to-one, and it can be a challenge to teach large groups of students. Furthermore, it can be difficult for students to remember details when they return to their home institution. We are investigating the use of illustrated instructions for training of physics QA. Here we report on monthly mechanical QA of medical linear accelerators. Materials and methods Illustrated instructions were created for monthly mechanical QA with tolerance tabulated, and underwent several steps of review and refinement. Testers with zero QA experience were then recruited from our radiotherapy department (1 student, 2 computational scientists and 8 dosimetrists). The following parameters were progressively de-calibrated on a Varian C-series linac: Group A = gantry angle, ceiling laser position, X1 jaw position, couch longitudinal position, physical graticule position (5 testers); Group B = Group A + wall laser position, couch lateral and vertical position, collimator angle (3 testers); Group C = Group B + couch angle, wall laser angle, and optical distance indicator (3 testers). Testers were taught how to use the linac, and then used the instructions to try to identify these errors. A physicist observed each session, giving support on machine operation, as necessary. The instructions were further tested with groups of therapists, graduate students and physics residents at multiple institutions. We have also changed the language of the instructions to simulate using the instructions with non-English speakers. Results Testers were able to follow the instructions. They determined gantry, collimator and couch angle errors within 0.4, 0.3, and 0.9 degrees of the actual changed values, respectively. Laser positions were determined within 1 mm, and jaw positions within 2 mm. Couch position errors were determined within 2 and 3 mm for lateral/longitudinal and vertical errors, respectively. Accessory positioning errors were determined within 1 mm. ODI errors were determined within 2 mm when comparing with distance sticks, and 6 mm when using blocks, indicating that distance sticks should be the preferred approach for inexperienced staff. Conclusions Inexperienced users were able to follow these instructions, and catch errors within the criteria suggested by AAPM TG142 for linacs used for IMRT.
Hierarchical Fisher Kernel for Longitudinal Data

We develop new techniques for time series classification based on hierarchical Bayesian generative models (called mixed-effect models) and the Fisher kernel derived from them. A key advantage of the new formulation is that one can compute the Fisher information matrix despite varying sequence lengths and varying sampling intervals. This avoids the commonly-used ad hoc replacement of the Fisher information matrix with the identity which destroys the geometric invariance of the kernel. Our construction retains the geometric invariance, resulting in a kernel that is properly invariant under change of coordinates in the model parameter space. Experiments on detecting cognitive decline show that classifiers based on the proposed kernel out-perform those based on generative models and other feature extraction routines, and on Fisher kernels that use the identity in place of the Fisher information.
Reading-Induced Absence Seizures

A 12-year-old girl with a 2-year history of absence seizures induced by reading and diagnosed by video EEG is reported from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital, Saudi Arabia.
Impact of hospital volume on outcomes for laparoscopic adhesiolysis for small bowel obstruction.

Abstract Background Volume-to-outcome data have been studied in several complex surgical procedures, demonstrating improved outcomes at higher volume centers. Laparoscopic lysis of adhesions (LLOA) for small bowel obstruction (SBO) may result in better outcomes, but there is no information on the learning curve for this potentially complex case. This study evaluates the effect of institutional procedural volume on length of stay (LOS), outcomes, and costs in LLOA for SBOs. Materials and methods The Nationwide Inpatient Sample data set between 2000 and 2013 was queried for discharges for a diagnosis of SBO involving LLOA in adult patients. Patients with intra-abdominal malignancy and evidence of any other major surgical procedure during hospitalization were excluded. The procedural volume per hospital was calculated over the period, and high-volume hospitals were designated as those performing greater than five LLOA per year. Patient characteristics were described by hospital volume status using stratified cluster sampling tabulation and linear regression methods. LOS, total charges, and costs were reported as means with standard deviation and median values. P Results A total of 9111 discharges were selected, which was representative of 43,567 weighted discharges nationally between 2000 and 2013. Over the study period, there has been a 450% increase in the number of LLOA performed. High-volume hospitals had significantly shorter LOS (mean: 4.92 ± standard error (SE) 0.13 d; median: 3.6) compared to low-volume hospitals (mean: 5.68 ± 0.06 d; median: 4.5). In multivariate analysis, high-volume status was associated with a decreased LOS of 0.72 d ( P P = 0.017). Conclusions This study demonstrates that high hospital volume was associated with decreased LOS for LLOA in SBO. Although volume was not associated with differences in total charges, there was a small decrease in hospital costs.
The Role of Publicly Funded Family Planning Sites In Health Insurance Enrollment.

CONTEXT Publicly funded family planning providers are well positioned to help uninsured individuals learn about health insurance coverage options and effectively navigate the enrollment process. Understanding how these providers are engaged in enrollment assistance and the challenges they face in providing assistance is important for maximizing their role in health insurance outreach and enrollment. METHODS In 2014, some 684 sites participating in California's family planning program were surveyed about their involvement in helping clients enroll in health insurance. Weighted univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted to examine enrollment activities and perceived barriers to facilitating enrollment by site characteristics. RESULTS Most family planning program sites provided eligibility screening (68%), enrollment education (77%), on-site enrollment assistance (55%) and referrals for off-site enrollment support (91%). The proportion of sites offering each type of assistance was highest among community clinics (83–96%), primary care and multispecialty sites (65–95%), Title X–funded sites (72–98%), sites with contracts to provide primary care services (64–93%) and sites using only electronic health records (66–94%). Commonly identified barriers to providing assistance were lack of staff time (reported by 52% of sites), lack of funding (47%), lack of physical space (34%) and lack of staff knowledge (33%); only 20% of sites received funding to support enrollment activities. CONCLUSIONS Although there were significant variations among them, publicly funded family planning providers in California are actively engaged in health insurance enrollment. Supporting their vital role in enrollment could help in the achievement of universal health insurance coverage.
The power of respect in (and for) the study of stigma and discrimination

ABSTRACTThis review essay of Getting Respect: Responding to Stigma and Discrimination in the United States, Brazil, and Israel explores how the politics of respectability is employed in vastly different ways as a response to encounters with stigma and discrimination. For such victimized people, the manner and timing of its employment rests in the particular nature of the social and political contexts circumscribing their lives. Differences remain in whether people interpret certain interactions as validating responses as well as in the kinds of responses they ultimately produce. Taking these and other factors into account, the employment of the politics of respectability should not be regarded solely as the self-affirmation of the moral legitimacy of the victimized. Rather, that form of response is predicated on the recognition of the kinds of agency that may (or may not) be available given the large-scale social power dynamics that circumscribe micro-level acts of discrimination and stigmatization.
Towards a Critical Health Equity Research Stance: Why Epistemology and Methodology Matter More Than Qualitative Methods:

Qualitative methods are not intrinsically progressive. Methods are simply tools to conduct research. Epistemology, the justification of knowledge, shapes methodology and methods, and thus is a vital starting point for a critical health equity research stance, regardless of whether the methods are qualitative, quantitative, or mixed. In line with this premise, I address four themes in this commentary. First, I criticize the ubiquitous and uncritical use of the term health disparities in U.S. public health. Next, I advocate for the increased use of qualitative methodologies-namely, photovoice and critical ethnography-that, pursuant to critical approaches, prioritize dismantling social-structural inequities as a prerequisite to health equity. Thereafter, I discuss epistemological stance and its influence on all aspects of the research process. Finally, I highlight my critical discourse analysis HIV prevention research based on individual interviews and focus groups with Black men, as an example of a critical health equity research approach.
A Descriptive Analysis of Maladjusted Behavior in Socially Rejected Children

Children in regular classrooms who are rejected by their peers were identified through sociometric assessment. The rejected children were observed and rated on several behavioral dimensions. These ...
Nutritional status of black preschool children in Mississippi. Assessment by food frequency scale.

Food frequency data were studied in relation to the nutritional status of 372 black preschool children in three Mississippi counties. The following data were utilized: quantitative dietary intakes for four or seven days, from which intakes of eight nutrients and energy were calculated and frequency of consumption of all individual foods was obtained; and anthropometric (height) and biochemical (hemoglobin) meausres. Six Guttman scales of food consumption frequencies were constructed: in four scales, all foods consumed in four or seven days were assigned to one of nine food groups which formed scale steps; two scales represented foods from single food groups--breads and milk and milk products. The wide range of individual consumption frequencies required special handling of the data, using a method devised by TenHouten in his work on scale gradient analysis. Kendall's tau correlation coefficients were calculated for relationships between all scales and commonly used indicators of nutritional status, including calculated intakes of eight nutrients and energy, height percentiles, and hemoglobin values. Two total food consumption scales based on seven-day dietary intakes were valid indicators of nutritional status, i.e., the scales were significantly correlated with all three indicators of nutritional status. The milk scale was significantly correlated woth two total food consumption scales, height percentiles, and nine calculated intakes; this finding suggests that a milk scale warrants further investigation. This research focused on relationships between the food scales and nutritional status indicators as an initial step in a study of overall family development. According to the family development model, the food scales and scales dealing with other areas of home and family life are all measuring the capacity of the family to process information. The food scale alone, which has meaning for both the nutritionist and the sociologist, has implications for nutrition education in determining what to teach, selecting teachers, and evaluating change in food practices.
Refiguring Pan-Africanism Through Algerian–Moroccan Competitive Festivals

I investigate the politics underlying Pan-African festivals in Algeria and Morocco and argue the two political regimes’ scramble for influence in sub-Saharan Africa has shifted to the festivalizati...
Modeling Framework For Atmospheric Trace Gas Measurements at the Air-Snow Interface

There are two principal aims of this chapter. (1) To present a framework for the use of field observations, including transfer coefficients among snow-ice-atmosphcre, in defining current atmospheric chemical processes. (2) To present a framework for interpreting ice core concentrations of key spccies in the past with a focus on the deduction of pre-industrial global hydroxyl (OH) radical concentration. The highly reactive hydroxyl radical determines the lifetime of major C, N, S and halogen species. These frameworks define sets of measurements that must he made to constrain atmospheric models for interpreting oxidant (03+ OH+ and H202) and other trace gas levels in present-day and past atmospheres.
Nature and Role of Organic Matter in Sandstone Uranium Deposits, Grants Uranium Region, New Mexico, USA

Pore-filling organic material concentrated uranium to form sandstone-hosted primary uranium deposits in the Jurassic Morrison Formation of the Grants uranium region, New Mexico. Because this organic material is the main ore control, determination of the nature, source, and time of emplacement of the organic material is critical to understanding the primary uranium ore deposits. Petrographic observations and radiometric ages for primary ore in the host sandstones (Westwater Canyon and Jackpile Sandstone Members) require that the organic material was emplaced early in their diagenetic histories; in fact, organic material was emplaced before significant compaction. Reconstruction of the burial history of the basin indicates that Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous time, the interval of inferred emplacement of the organic material, was probably not a time of hydrocarbon generation and migration. Nuclear magnetic resonance analyses, elemental abundances, and isotopic studies provide further constraints on the nature of the organic material, and data from these studies are consistent with a humic acid rather than an oil origin. In addition, the overall tabular shape of primary uranium orebodies and the way these orebodies are suspended in the host sandstone mimics recent deposits of humate, the precipitated form of humic acids.
Heat Transfer Characterization Methodology for an Oxy-Fuel Direct Power Extraction Combustion System

The characterization of nozzle heat flux at extreme conditions has been a subject of investigation for a long time. Because of the complexity of the multiple processes involved, including a couplin...
Snake Robot Urban Search After the 2017 Mexico City Earthquake

The Carnegie Mellon University Biorobotics Laboratory was invited to bring snake robots to Mexico City to assist with search and rescue efforts in the wake of the September 2017 earthquake. We travelled with the Mexican Red Cross to collapsed building sites, and deployed a snake robot within one building to obtain a camera view in two voids that conventional search cameras could not access. We confirmed that the an open area within the building was unoccupied. In this paper we describe our experiences during the deployment and the limitations of snake robot platform encountered along the way.
Income Inequality, Household Income, and Mass Shooting in the United States.

Mass shootings are becoming a more common occurrence in the United States. Data show that mass shootings increased steadily over the past nearly 50 years. Crucial is that the wide-ranging adverse effects of mass shootings generate negative mental health outcomes on millions of Americans and, in addition to fear and anxiety, are likely linked to other related ailments. This study extends previous research that finds a strong positive relationship between income inequality and mass shootings by examining the effect of household income as well as the interaction between inequality and income. To conduct our analyses, we compile a panel dataset with information across 3,144 counties during the years 1990 to 2015. Mass shootings was measured using a broad definition of three or more victim injuries. Income inequality was calculated using the post-tax version of the Gini coefficient. Our results suggest that while inequality and income alone are both predictors of mass shootings, their impacts on mass shootings are stronger when combined via interaction. Specifically, the results indicate areas with the highest probability of experiencing a mass shooting event are those that combine both high levels of inequality and high levels of income. Additionally, robustness checks incorporating various measures of mass shootings and alternative regression techniques had analogous results. Our findings suggest that to address the mass shootings epidemic at its core, it is essential to understand how to stem rising income inequality and the unstable environments that we argue are created by such inequality.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Tourette Syndrome and Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

Abstract Tic disorders and obsessive–compulsive disorder are highly comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders with overlapping neuropathology and symptomatology. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used to probe the pathophysiology of these disorders in adults and children, and more recent research has tested the utility of TMS as an intervention tool. In the current chapter, we describe current models of disorder-specific neurocircuitry and highlight shared features of these conditions. Key findings from TMS neurophysiology and treatment studies are summarized, and limitations and future directions for TMS in these disorders are discussed.
Analysis of a thyroid nodule care pathway: Opportunity to improve compliance and value of care.

Abstract Background Care pathways facilitate standardized, evidence-based treatment to improve outcomes and value of care. Care pathways consist of multiple nodes representing decision points. Few studies investigate care pathway compliance. We demonstrate nodal care pathway analysis by reviewing compliance with our institutional multidisciplinary, evidence-based care pathways on the treatment of thyroid nodule to generate strategies to increase care pathway adherence and value of care. Methods Patients undergoing workup and treatment of structural thyroid disease between January 2018 and June 2018 were included in a retrospective analysis of enterprise-wide compliance with the following 3 care pathway nodes: (1) laboratory testing: only patients with abnormal results from thyroid-stimulating hormone testing should have T3/T4 measured. (2) imaging: neck computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography ordered for the workup of nodules were reviewed to determine clinical appropriateness. (3) operative treatment: the first 200 thyroid resections conducted in 2018 were reviewed to determine whether the indication and extent of the operation complied with the care pathway. Medicare fee schedules were used for financial calculations. Results Care pathway nonadherence occurred in 48% of the thyroid-stimulating hormone studies and 38% of the imaging studies obtained, with annual costs exceeding $120,000. Substantial care pathway nonadherence occurred in 3% of nodule-related operations. Conclusion Care pathway nodal analysis can identify areas of care pathway nonadherence. Nodal analysis should be considered for care pathway maintenance and generation of strategies of quality improvement.
Social Media Era Consumers' Identity Formation: A Symbolic Interactionist Approach to Consumer-Brand Identity Co-creation

In this conceptual research, we focus on the virtual space of social media to propose a theoretical understanding of the consumer-brand identity co-creation process. In doing such, we contribute and clarify preliminary discussions involving the consumer-brand identity co-creation construct by adopting and applying a symbolic interactionist perspective to social media branding and identity. This study is the first theorizing work to apply a symbolic interactionist approach in understanding how social media user generated content, utilized to express self-identity, mediates brand identity in a co-creation process. This contribution bridges the gap between social-psychological theory and the expansion of social media branding, contributing to the growing breadth of research regarding the brand identity co-creation construct. A novel conceptualization of this phenomenon is offered for future investigation, as the conjectured framework can be tested by further means to arrive at empirical conclusions.
An WAMS-Based Online Generators Coherency Identification Approach for Controlled Islanding

In this paper, an online model-free approach based on the largest Lyapunov exponents (LLE) and angular velocity deviation is provided for coherent groups identification (CGI). Firstly, by using a model-free LLE calculation method, the generator coherency identification (GCI) criterions are proposed by establishing the mathematical relationship between the LLE and angular velocity difference. Secondly, an online CGI scheme for power systems is designed. Compared with the existing measurement-based methods, the breakthrough work of this paper is that the proposed GCI criterions combines the stability theory of nonlinear dynamic trajectory based on LLE with the physical mechanism of the out-of-step between generators, such that it can improve both the speed and the accuracy of the GCI. Besides, the proposed approach needs not to find the optimal observation window size and shorten the required observation window size greatly. Moreover, it can be applied to online CGI with small computation requirement. Extensive test results on New England 39-Bus System and practical East China (EC) power grid, as well as the comparisons with existing CGI methods verify high accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach.
The variance and covariance of counts-in-cells probabilities

Counts-in-cells (CIC) measurements contain a wealth of cosmological information yet are seldom used to constrain theories. Although we can predict the shape of the distribution for a given cosmology, to fit a model to the observed CIC probabilities requires the covariance matrix -- both the variance of counts in one probability bin and the covariance between counts in different bins. To date, there have been no general expressions for these variances. Here we show that correlations of particular levels, or "slices," of the density field determine the variance and covariance of CIC probabilities. We derive explicit formulae that accurately predict the variance and covariance among subvolumes of a simulated galaxy catalog, opening the door to the use of CIC measurements for cosmological parameter estimation.
A simple and fast algorithm for estimating the capacity credit of solar and storage

Abstract Energy storage is a leading option to enhance the resource adequacy contribution of solar energy. Detailed analysis of the capacity credit of solar energy and energy storage is limited in part due to the data intensive and computationally complex nature of probabilistic resource adequacy assessments. This paper presents a simple algorithm for calculating the capacity credit of energy-limited resources that, due to the low computational and data needs, is well suited to exploratory analysis. Validation against benchmarks based on probabilistic techniques shows that it can yield similar insights. The method is used to evaluate the impact of different solar and storage configurations, particularly with respect to the strategy for coupling storage and solar photovoltaic systems. Application of the method to a case study of utilities in Florida, where solar is rapidly growing and demand peaks in the winter and summer, demonstrates that it can improve on rules of thumb used in practice by some utilities. If storage is required to charge only from solar, periods of high demand driven by cold weather events accompanied by lower solar production can result in a capacity credit of solar and storage that is less than the capacity credit of storage alone.
Comparison of cellooligosaccharide conformations in complexes with proteins with energy maps for cellobiose.

Abstract Shapes (conformations) of cellulose molecules are described by their glycosidic linkage torsion angles ϕ and ψ. Although the torsions are known for cellulose in crystals, amorphous shapes are also interesting for understanding reactivity and physical properties. ϕ and ψ determination for unorganized matter is difficult; one approach is to study their range in many related molecules. For example, linkage torsions of cellulose should be similar to those in cellobiose. Herein, torsions were measured for cellooligosaccharides and lactose moieties complexed with proteins in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). These torsions were compared with ϕ/ψ maps based on quantum mechanics energies for solvated cellobiose and analogs lacking hydroxyl groups. Most PDB conformations corresponded to low map energies. Amorphous cellulose should be generally extended with individual linkages that would give 2- to 3-fold helices. The map for an analog lacking hydrogen bonding ability was more predictive for PDB linkages than the cellobiose map.
Advanced flow and temperature measurements in a forced convection molten salt test loop

Abstract The elevated temperatures and corrosive environment typical of molten salt reactors’ operating conditions may pose challenges to flow and temperature measurements. Experimental measurements of these thermal–hydraulic parameters are paramount to advance the knowledge and understanding of the molten salts’ behavior, and are necessary for the validation of system-level and computational fluid dynamics codes. An experimental test facility has been utilized to characterize the thermal–hydraulic behavior of typical molten salts under steady-state and transient, forced flow conditions, by employing innovative measurement methods. The use of the non-intrusive ultrasonic technology has been successfully deployed and validated within a wide range of flow conditions, at elevated temperatures (600 °C). Two-dimensional salt temperature fields have been reconstructed from the reading of a fine network of optical fiber distributed temperature sensors and thermocouple probes, providing information on the salt front transition velocity. The results obtained can be used to validate and advance specialized simulation codes.
An introduction to entrepreneurship

While often associated with start-up formation, entrepreneurship is considered a fundamental and transformat ional shi ft in how one interacts with and views the world. As championed by Prof. Stevenson and Prof. Eisenmann at the Harvard Business School, "Entrepreneurship is the pursuit of opportunity beyond resources controlled," and this definition embodies the guiding forces critical for success.
Messaging matters: achieving equity in the HIV response through public health communication.

Summary Public health messages shape how the world understands the HIV epidemic. Considerable inequalities remain in HIV care continuum indicators by subpopulation and geography (eg, highest infection and mortality burden among men who have sex with men and people who live in sub-Saharan Africa). Health equity-focused approaches are necessary in this next decade to close gaps in the HIV epidemic. Between 1981 and 1989, HIV messages triggered fear and victim blaming, and highlighted behaviours of a few marginalised groups as deviant. Between 1990 and 1999, messages signalled that HIV was a growing challenge for the world and required multisector approaches that addressed structural drivers of inequality. Between 2000 and 2009, messages highlighted universal testing, while advances in HIV testing made these messages easier for individuals to respond to than in previous decades. Currently, messages signal that ending HIV is possible, people can live productive lives with HIV, and transmission to people without HIV can be eliminated. Public health messaging about the HIV epidemic has evolved substantially over the past 40 years. Future HIV messaging should be driven by health equity principles that include an increased representation of key populations in message design and dissemination, transparency of funding, and communicating any impact that campaigns have had on closing health inequalities.
Electric Vehicle Smart Charging to Maximize Renewable Energy Usage in a Single Residence

We pose and solve a smart charging problem for a single residence equipped with an electric vehicle (EV), energy storage, and solar panels. The smart charging problem is cast as a quadratic program in order to exploit existing solution algorithms and to efficiently detect problem feasibility. The objective function consists of a weighted sum of four performance metrics: cost of electricity from the utility, usage of renewable energy, charging urgency and battery degradation. Of these, the renewable energy metric is a novel focus of the work and considers both local and remote sources of renewable energy. Benefits of the proposed smart charging strategy to the EV owner are multiple: charging costs can be minimized in a price-uncertain environment, renewable energy usage can be maximized, and battery lifetime can be extended. These benefits are obtained with minimal computational effort due to our convex problem formulation. They also position our proposed smart charging algorithm for both embedded implementation and large scale simulation studies, in contrast to many non-convex formulations existing in the literature.
Cores, Almost Competitive Prices, and the Approximate Optimality of Walrasian Allocations in Discrete Spaces

This paper is devoted to problems arising when all or some goods are indivisible. Part One deals with the properties of the core in such situations, Part Two with the optimality properties of the Walrasian (competitive) allocations. The purpose of Part One is to show how certain relationships between the core and prices can be extended (with modifications) to exchange economies in which all or some commodities are indivisible. The proposition3 stating that a Walrasian allocation is in the core (provided preferences are selfish) remains valid without any additional assumptions when all goods are indivisible, as can be seen by inspecting the standard proofs. (see, e.g., Debreu and Scarf, Th-m 1, p.240, or Arrow and Hahn, Ch. 8, Th-m 1, p.187). [This is largely due to the fact that the blocking definition requires that strict preference hold for each member of a blocking coalition. Hence, in particular, a core allocation is only required to be Weakly Pareto Optimal (i.e., Pareto Efficient in the sense of Arrow and Hahn or Varian) rather than Pareto Optimal as defined, e.g., in Koopmans, p.46.4 If a ‘strict core’ were defined as the set of allocations ‘strongly unblocked’ in the sense of Def. 6, p.196, in Arrow and Hahn, then additional assumptions, such as local non-satiation, would be needed to guarantee that a Walrasian allocation belongs to the strict core.]
Access to Legal Services in Rural Areas of the Northern Rockies: A Recommendation for Town Legal Centers

There are two distinct but related issues that affect legal representation in rural areas of the United States: the problem of attracting and keeping private attorneys,1 and the problem of satisfying the immense need for pro bono representation for low-income residents.2 Although these issues are interrelated—attracting attorneys to rural areas can help satisfy the need for pro bono representation—each state is handling the problems in distinctive ways.3 In Part I, this Note will demonstrate why the Northern Rockies—which consists of the states of Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming—is a distinctive region with enough similarities between states that a single proposal to improve legal services delivery would be effective across the entire region. In Part II, this Note will discuss the problems facing the Northern Rockies states in delivering legal services to rural areas. In Part III, this Note will examine some of the current solutions being employed in the Northern Rockies states, as well as across the nation, to increase access to legal services for low-, moderate-, and high-income rural residents. This Note will then argue that each solution is either ineffectual or insufficient to solve the issues related to the access of legal services facing rural residents of the Northern Rockies. In Part IV, this Note will recommend that the Northern Rockies states establish statewide networks of “Town Legal Centers,” which operate as virtual offices in local communities where residents can meet with legal professionals from around the state. This Note will then propose that Town Legal Centers should be open not only to legal aid organizations but also to private attorneys offering paid legal services. With a rational basis referral system, these Centers can promote increased pro bono participation from the private bar and provide statewide volunteer opportunities for law students. Last, this Note will explore several different sources of funding that could be used to create and maintain Town Legal Centers and then argue that the program could potentially achieve self-sufficiency through a use fee for paid legal services.
A Temperature Compensation Concept for a Micromachined Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator Oscillator

We present a temperature compensation technique of a film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR)-based oscillator by tuning the supply voltage of the oscillator. The FBAR-based oscillator uses a high- $Q$ FBAR that is made of a thin ZnO piezoelectric film sandwiched by two electrodes. The FBAR is significantly sensitive to temperature change, consequently resulting in large temperature sensitivity of the FBAR-based oscillator. In this paper, we present a temperature compensation technique that improves the temperature coefficient (TCf $_{\mathrm {osc}}$ ) of a 1.625-GHz FBAR-based oscillator from −118 ppm/K to less than 1 ppm/K by tuning the supply voltage of the oscillator. The tuning technique has a large frequency tunability of −4305 ppm/V.
Blood monocytes expressing CCR6 and monocyte-derived dendritic cells in dermis and epidermis are critical for IL-23-induced psoriasis-like inflammation in mice (CAM5P.238)

Human studies have implicated IL-23 in psoriasis, and injecting IL-23 in mouse skin produces IL-22-dependent, psoriasis-like inflammation. IL-23 injection leads to accumulation of dendritic cells (DCs), which are also abundant in psoriatic skin, and depleting CD11c+ cells blocked IL-23-induced IL-22 and inflammation. In analyzing myeloid cells, we found monocyte-derived langerin+ cells (mLCs) appearing in the epidermis and more of other monocyte-derived cells, including mDCs, plus non-monocyte derived DCs in the dermis after IL-23 injection. Batf3-/-, diphtheria toxin-treated Bdca2-DTR, and Flt3l-/- mice, which lack CD103+ cDCs, pDCs, and all cDCs and pDCs, respectively, each showed only modest protection against IL-23-induced changes. Although depleting conventional LCs alone had no effect, inflammation was much diminished in langerin-DTR mice also depleted of mLCs. Together, these data suggested that CD11c+ mDCs and mLCs contributed significantly to pathology. We have reported that Ccr6-/- mice are resistant to IL-23-induced pathology, and the skin of Ccr6-/- mice showed no changes in DCs after IL-23 injection. Using Ccr6-EGFP mice, we identified expression of Ccr6 in blood monocytes, and found that Ccr6+/+, but not Ccr6-/- monocytes restored inflammation when injected i.v. into Ccr6-/- mice. Together, our data suggest that blood monocytes are recruited to inflamed skin using CCR6 and give rise to mDCs and mLCs, which are critical for IL-23-induced psoriasis-like pathology.