cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Elastin staining patterns in primary cicatricial alopecia

Background Most biopsy specimens of cicatricial (scarring) alopecia can be readily subclassified as lymphocytic versus neutrophilic, but specific diagnosis remains difficult, particularly when a late stage of the disease is sampled. Objective We sought to document patterns of scarring highlighted by elastic tissue staining in primary cicatricial alopecia. Methods We documented Verhoeff elastic van Gieson staining patterns in 58 routinely embedded (vertical) biopsy specimens of cicatricial alopecia. Patterns of fibrosis included perifollicular (wedge-shaped vs broad tree trunk–shaped) and diffuse. The patterns were compared against the diagnosis obtained by independent expert clinical review, including central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA), lichen planopilaris, traction alopecia, frontal fibrosing alopecia, discoid lupus erythematosus, and tufted folliculitis. Results Wedge-shaped perifollicular fibrosis was seen in lichen planopilaris but also in CCCA. Broad tree trunk–shaped perifollicular fibrosis was most commonly encountered in CCCA. Limitations The retrospective nature of the study precluded temporal staging of the disease process. Conclusions Patterns of fibrosis highlighted by elastin staining in primary cicatricial alopecia appear to be disease specific. Superficial wedge-shaped perifollicular fibrosis is associated with but may not be specific for lichen planopilaris. Broad tree trunk–like perifollicular fibrosis is specific for CCCA but not present in many cases. Elastin staining represents a useful ancillary study for the evaluation of late-stage scarring alopecia in routinely oriented punch biopsy specimens.
XPS studies of the bonding and hydrolysis of di(dioctyl)pyrophosphate ethylene titanate coupling agent on metal surfaces

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA, was used for the studies of aluminum and steel panels treated with di(dioctyl)pyrophosphate ethylene titanate (a titanate coupling agent commercially known as KR 238S). The bonding of the titanate on aluminum and steel surfaces was investigated by the use of an angle-dependent XPS technique. The XPS studies also demonstrated that the pyrophosphate groups of the titanate molecule underwent hydrolysis when the treated aluminum panel was immersed in water at room temperature.
Structure Development during Crystallization of Homogeneous Copolymers of Ethene and 1-Octene: Time-Resolved Synchrotron X-ray and SALS Measurements

Crystallization kinetics in a homogeneous copolymer of ethene and 1-octene with appended long chain branches has been investigated in real time by means of time-resolved light scattering under HV (cross-polarized) and VV (parallel-polarized) optical alignments using a CCD camera system, simultaneous small angle-X-ray and wide angle X-ray measurements using synchrotron radiation and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The data show that in the case of crystallization at large supercooling, a significant fraction of the crystallinity develops after the spherulites have become volume filling. The fraction of crystallinity that develops after primary crystallization increases with crystallization temperature. This opens up a challenge to explore the extent to which this behavior is universal in other crystallizable ethylene copolymers as well.
A new solid state UHF converter

The development and design of the first continuously tuned production UHF converter to employ a silicon transistor oscillator is described. Discussed are the factors which contribute to a six to one reduction in volume, a 500 uv/m maximum radiation level, and lowered cost. The circuit is briefly described and performance curves are presented.
Donation after cardiac death in pediatric critical care.

Objective: To describe the unmet need for pediatric organs, the history of donation after cardiac death (DCD), implementation of DCD policies in children's hospitals, and the current U.S. experience with DCD in children. Design: Review of existing literature and national data regarding DCD. Setting: Three children's hospitals and a national organ procurement network. Patients: Nationwide review of pediatric candidates for transplantation and pediatric DCD donors. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Interest in DCD has greatly increased over the past several years due to limited organ availability for transplantation. Leading medical groups have evaluated and endorsed DCD, and more hospitals are offering DCD as part of end-of-life care options for dying patients and to increase donation. Children's hospitals need to evaluate this concept and develop ethically sound polices to meet the needs of patients and families. Preliminary reports regarding organ function from DCD donors are promising, and DCD is increasing. Conclusions: The widening gap between the need for organs and the availability of organs from brain-dead donors has led to a resurgence of both interest in and use of organs donated after cardiac death. Children's hospitals need to explore DCD as an option in select circumstances to serve grieving families who would like to donate and to increase organ availability for transplantation. DCD programs are dependent on input and support from critical care providers.
Stochastic evaluation of fluvial to marginal marine sealing facies

Abstract Hydrocarbon top seal analyses are particularly difficult in fluvial and marginal marine settings. Although these settings often contain beds comprised of a low-permeability, clay-rich lithology associated with high quality seals, their presence does not guarantee an effective seal because individual beds within the stratal unit may be laterally discontinuous. Lateral facies changes, truncation of fine-grained beds, or the presence of crevasse splays may provide cross-stratal migration pathways, reducing the effective sealing capacity to a magnitude less than the closure height. To evaluate probable bed seal capacities in such a setting, we have calculated 75 statistically equivalent geologic models of a heterogeneous bed seal based upon facies interpretations derived from measured data. Measured capillary and hydraulic properties of rocks in each facies were then fit to Gaussian distributions. We populated the geologic models with flow properties by randomly selecting from these distributions. Two realizations of the rock property distributions were performed for each of the 75 object-based geologic models. Gas charge was simulated in each of the rock property model trials using a percolation-based hydrocarbon migration software program. The results of the simulations return a probability distribution of bed seal capacities, measured in equilibrium gas column heights, from which cumulative frequency diagrams and percentile rankings may be derived. Channel amalgamation by incision juxtaposing levee overbank and/or channel facies formed the most common type of cross-stratal leak point. A factor of 10 difference in the P50 seal capacity was observed by varying the net volume fraction of channels from 10% to 30%. Higher seal capacity realizations were found to have a low density of channels near the structural crest, a variable which outweighs all other stochastic parameters. These results highlight the importance of a risking-based methodology to account for variability in bed seal stratigraphy in fluvial to marginal marine settings.
Quantum decimation for spin-(1/2) chains in a magnetic field.

We have extended the range of application of the decimation renormalization-group (RG) method, using a combination of analytic and numerical techniques in calculating thermal and magnetic properties of a wide variety of one-dimensional quantum spin-(1/2) systems. Efforts to improve the accuracy of the approach include increasing the spatial rescaling factor and investigating the effect of free versus periodic boundary conditions for each renormalization cluster. We have used the RG method to calculate the specific heat and susceptibility for chains with uniaxial exchange anisotropy (ranging from the Ising to the XY limits) in both longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields, as well as for the Heisenberg antiferromagnet with alternating couplings, and have compared our results, when possible, with either exact solutions or with numerical extrapolations from finite-chain calculations. Decimation is a high-temperature approximation, but its range of reliability is found in some cases (e.g., transverse susceptibility for the Ising chain, or susceptibility for the Heisenberg ferromagnet in a field) to extend well into the strong-coupling regime. We note that the decimation results for magnetic properties are, in general, more accurate than those for the thermal response.
Banks' loan demand perceptions and rationality

Unlike previous studies which deal with tests of the rationality of price expectations data, this study uses direct information based on tendency surveys to examine the formation of banks' loan demand expectations. A survey-based time series data on bankers' expectations about future changes in business loan demand is constructed using Pesaran's (Economic Journal, 1985) regression method. The rationality of this series is then tested by examining the orthogonality of the loan expectation forecast errors to costlessly available information. Pesaran's approach differs from other approaches used to convert qualitative data into numerical form in that the respondents' past perceptions are used as a yardstick for quantifying their expectations. The basic data come from the Federal Reserve's quarterly surveys of the lending practices of large commercial banks. The relationship between the actual rates of change in business loan demand and bankers' perceptions is:
Forces upon vortices in anisotropic superconductors.

Forces on two parallel vortices in anisotropic materials are generally not directed along the line connecting the vortices. The interaction results not only in a repulsion but, in addition, in a torque. On a macroscopic scale, if the magnetic induction {ital B} or the anisotropy parameters {ital m}{sub {ital i}{ital k}} change within a crystal, the flux-line lattice is subject to forces associated with spatial variation of the torque originated by anisotropy. This force is additional to and different from the Lorentz force, and both forces are, in general, comparable in magnitude.
Processing yttrium barium copper oxide superconductor in near-zero gravity

Abstract The effects of processing YBa 2 Cu 3 O x (Y123) superconductor in the near-zero gravity (0 g ) environment provided by the NASA KC-135 airplane flying on parabolic trajectories were studied. A new sheet float zone furnace, designed for this study, enabled fast temperature ramps. Up to an 18 g sample was processed with each parabola. Samples of Y123 were processed as bulk sheets and composites containing Ag and Pd. The 0 g processed samples were multi-phase yet retained a localized Y123 stoichiometry where a single ground-based (1 g ) oxygen anneal at temperatures of 800°C recovered nearly 100 vol% superconducting Y123. The 1 g processed control samples remained multi-phase after the same ground-based anneal with less than 45 vol% as superconducting Y123. The superconducting transition temperature was 91 K for both 0 g and 1 g processed samples. Melt texturing of bulk Y123 in 0 g produced aligned grains about a factor of three larger than in analogous 1 g samples. Transport-critical current densities were at or below 18 A/cm 2 , due to the formation of cracks caused by the rapid heating rates required by the short time at 0 g .
Validation of a research-based student survey of instruction in a college of education

As a preparer of students for the profession of teaching, a college, school, or department of education in higher education has an expectation that instructors teach competently. In higher education, the student survey of instruction is one of the most important among other indicators of teaching effectiveness. This article presents a validation of a new student survey of instruction in a college of education. In this validation, we found the new survey to be as troublesome as the previous survey. Four major findings emerged from this study that offer hope for a new and improved survey of instructional effectiveness. These findings involve estimating reliability, subscore validity, course relevance and rigor of the instructor, and construct-irrelevant variables that threaten validity. Given the failed validation, many cogent observations provide guidance for the design and development of improved forms that may overcome these threats to validity and guide others in validating teaching effectiveness surveys.
Marangoni Retardation of the Terminal Velocity of a Settling Droplet: The Role of Surfactant Physico-Chemistry

Abstract Nonlinear adsorption models accounting formonolayer saturationandnonideal surfactant interactionsare used to find the terminal velocityU′ of a droplet settling through a surfactant solution. Most prior research uses a linear adsorption model which cannot capture these effects. The solution concentration[formula]is assumed to be large enough for the surfactant mass transfer to be adsorption-controlled. The Langmuir model accounts for monolayer saturation by incorporating an upper bound for the surface concentration,[formula]Two competing effects result which alterU′ from that predicted by the linear model. For slow adsorption–desorption kinetics, strong Marangoni stresses develop when the surface concentration at the rear pole approaches[formula]. These stresses favorstrong retardationinU′. The adsorption flux is proportional to the unoccupied space on the interface, so depleted regions are supplied more rapidly. This diminishes Marangoni stresses and favorsweak retardation.This effect dominates for rapid sorption kinetics. The Frumkin framework incorporates monolayer saturation and nonideal surfactant interactions which alter the amount of adsorbed surfactant, the sensitivity of the surface tension, and the dynamics of adsorptive–desorptive exchange. For a fixed mass of adsorbed surfactant,U′ retarded for no interactions is increased by intersurfactant repulsion and decreased for cohesion. At elevated[formula]U′ asymptotes to a value less than the Hadamard–Rybczynski velocity[formula]for the Langmuir case and for cohesive interactions. For repulsive interactions,U′ approaches[formula]in this limit. These asymptotes indicate the degree of surface remobilization attainable for finite adsorption–desorption kinetics and nonideal interactions.
Calculation of the exciton binding energies in type-II GaAs/AlAs quantum-well structures: Application of the perturbation-variational expansion method.

We report a calculation of the binding energies of both the heavy-hole and the light-hole excitons in type-II GaAs/AlAs quantum wells as a function of the size of the AlAs layer (or GaAs layer). We use a perturbation-variational expansion method to the first order in perturbation expansion. The exciton binding energies are calculated assuming infinite potential barriers and results thus obtained are compared with those of a published variational calculation. We find that the values of the exciton binding energies that we calculate are somewhat lower than those obtained using a variational calculation, even for small wells similar to the perturbation-variational method results in type-I quantum wells. An explanation of this behavior in terms of the average spatial separation of electrons and holes is given.
GAL11P: A yeast mutation that potentiates the effect of weak GAL4-derived activators

Abstract A mutant yeast in which a weak GAL4-derived activator functions as a strong activator bears a single missense mutation in GAL11 (a.k.a. SPT13 ). The first 74 amino acids of GAL4, including the zinc-dependent DNA binding region, attached to an acidic activating sequence, are sufficient to respond both to GAL11 and to our mutant GAL11P (potentiator). PPR1, a yeast activator with a similar zinc finger sequence, also responds to GAL11 and to GAL11P, whereas regulators bearing unrelated DNA binding motifs do not. GAL11 itself works as a strong activator when tethered to DNA by fusion to the bacterial LexA protein, and deletion of GAL11 is known to cause a 5- to 10-fold reduction in GAL4 activity. We suggest that a complex of GAL4 and GAL11 constitutes a particularly strong activator; evidence that the putative GAL4-GAL11 complex ordinarily forms preferentially on DNA suggests a biological rationale for GAL11 action.
A control function approach for testing the usefulness of trending variables in forecast models and linear regression

Abstract Many predictors employed in forecasting macroeconomic and finance variables display a great deal of persistence. Tests for determining the usefulness of these predictors are typically oversized, overstating their importance. Similarly, hypothesis tests on cointegrating vectors will typically be oversized if there is not an exact unit root. This paper uses a control variable approach where adding stationary covariates with certain properties to the model can result in asymptotic normal inference for prediction regressions and cointegration vector estimates in the presence of possibly non-unit root trending covariates. The properties required for this result are derived and discussed.
Metal-line system survey: characterizing the low-redshift IGM

The low-redshift IGM probes the last ten billion years of metal enrichment from galactic feedback processes. We present preliminary results from a survey of intergalactic metal-line absorption systems in archival HST STIS, GHRS, and FUSE spectra of ≈50 z≲2 UV-bright objects. We summarize the detailed analysis of one sightline (PKS1302–102, z QSO =0.2784) with which we set the methodology for the larger survey. We use simple CLOUDY models to constrain the ionizing mechanism(s) and metallicities for the metal-line systems. For about 15 sightlines, including PKS1302–102, we have a complementary galaxy survey, and we look for correlations between galaxies and absorption systems in order to understand the large-scale distribution of the metal-enriched IGM.
Cytological-cytogenetic analyses of winter flounder embryos collected from the benthos at the barge North Cape oil spill

Abstract The oil barge North Cape ran aground on Moonstone Beach in Rhode Island on January 19, 1996, spilling 828 000 gallons (U.S.) of a combination of diesel and home heating oils. Samples of winter flounder embryos were collected from salt ponds in the area of the spill using an epibenthic sled. An examination of the field-sampled embryos based on gross morphology, levels of moribund embryos, mitotic index, and chromosomal anomalies found that a significant number exhibited high levels of one or more of these conditions when compared with flounder embryos raised under laboratory-controlled conditions. No chorion damage was noted in embryos collected from the field nor were there any significant findings of lordosis or scoliosis. The cumulative impact on winter flounder embryos of North Cape oil exposure was an estimated 51% reduction in the number of embryos surviving to the larval stage.
Grabbing Plk1 by the PBD.

A new centromeric protein termed PBIP1 was identified that recruits Plk1 to the kinetochores. In the November 3 issue of Molecular Cell, Kang et al. (2006) show that Plk1 phosphorylates PBIP1 on threonine 78, creating its own high-affinity docking site for the polo-box domain (PBD).
EFFECTIVENESS OF A CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM INCORPORATING A VALIDATED QT INTERVAL PROLONGATION RISK SCORE FOR REDUCING THE RISK OF QT INTERVAL PROLONGATION IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a clinical decision support system (CDSS) for reducing use of drugs known to cause drug-induced torsades de pointes (TdP) and decreasing the risk of QTc interval prolongation in hospitalized patients with known TdP risk factors. We
Mode-locking an Argon laser

Mode locking in a Coherent Innova 90 argon ion laser was achieved using an acousto-optic modulator and a concave mirror. (AIP)
Adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer in patients with schizophrenia

The outcomes of treatment of physical illnesses are strongly affected by the presence of schizophrenia. We aimed to quantify the clinical course of schizophrenic breast cancer patients who were eligible for adjuvant chemotherapy to determine whether patients with this mental illness receive appropriate treatment for this physical illness. We searched the national Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA) computer database using computer codes for schizophrenia to identify patients who later developed breast cancer and were treated in DVA medical centers. Computer-based data were supple- mented with chart-based clinical indicators. There were 55 subjects who appeared to be appropriate candidates for adjuvant systemic therapy. A number of these candidates were not offered postoperative endocrine or cytotoxic chemo- therapy, while others refused treatment or were non-compliant. Behaviors typical of schizophrenic subjects, including hostility to caregivers, often disrupt their care. Schizophrenic patients often have advanced-stage cancer at diagnosis, often delay diagnosis and are frequently hostile towards healthcare workers. Many of these patients refuse therapy and/or are non-compliant.
The effect of cholecystokinin-octapeptide on food intake and consummatory behavior in lactating rats.

Abstract Rats are less sensitive to the satiating effect of CCK-8 during some reproductive states such as estrus and proestrus, and in ovariectomized rats following the administration of estradiol and progesterone. The sensitivity of rats to CCK-8's effect on food intake decreases as lactation progresses. During lactation, prolactin and progesterone levels are elevated. Implantation of ectopic pituitaries increases prolactin levels in males and females as well as progesterone levels in females. To evaluate whether or not prolactin elevation modifies CCK's effect on feeding, we studied the effect of CCK-8 on food intake during the early dark cycle in male and female rats implanted with ectopic pituitaries. As previously demonstrated, prolactin levels were elevated in both male and female pituitary-implanted rats and progesterone levels were elevated in the female rats. CCK-8 inhibited food intake in sham-operated male rats, but did not reliably decrease early dark cycle food intake in sham-operated or pituitary-implanted female rats or pituitary-implanted male rats. Thus an elevation in prolactin levels does not appear to modify the effect of CCK-8 on food intake in female rats. We also evaluated the effect of CCK on consummatory and maternal behavior in lactating rats. CCK-8 altered the meal patterns of lactating rats primarily by decreasing the rate of food consumption and increasing the latency to the first meal. The latency to the first meal of rats receiving CCK was increased during early and mid-lactation and the PW period, but not during late lactation compared to that of the saline-injected rats. CCK-8 did not modulate any of the maternal behaviors studied. CCK-8 increased the amount of time spent resting during early and middle lactation, which may help explain the decrease in food intake observed during these periods of lactation.
A new algorithm to allow early prediction of mortality in elderly burn patients

INTRODUCTION: The elderly are the fastest growing population segment, and particularly susceptible to burns. Predicting outcomes for these patients remains difficult. Our objective was to identify early predictors of mortality in elderly burn patients. METHODS: Our Burn Center's prospective database was reviewed for burn patients 60+ treated in the past 10 years. Predictor variables were identified by correlative analysis and subsequently entered into a multivariate logistic regression analysis examining survival to discharge. RESULTS: 203 patients of 1343 (15%) were eligible for analysis. The average age was 72±10 (range 60-102) and the average total body surface area (TBSA) burned was 23±18% (range 1-95). Age, TBSA, base deficit, pO(2), respiratory rate, Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), and Revised Trauma Score (RTS, based on systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, and GCS) all correlated with mortality (p≤0.05). Using multiple logistic regression analysis, a model with age, TBSA and RTS was calculated, demonstrating: In this model, β(0) is a constant that equals -8.32. CONCLUSIONS: Predicting outcomes in elderly burn patients is difficult. A model using age, TBSA, and RTS can, immediately upon patient arrival, help identify patients with decreased chances of survival, further guiding end-of-life decisions. Language: en
Application of the Principle of Minimum of Entropy Production to the Analysis of the Eutectic Solidification

The principle of minimum entropy production is applied to the analysis of the formation of a solid structure in the course of the eutectic solidification. It is assumed that the liquid and solid phases are divided by the plane boundary and the solidification rate is constant. At these conditions solidification results in the development of the lamellar structure in the solid and the process is defined by the lamellar spacing and the rate of the motion of the liquid-solid interface. The variational equation describing system evolution is modified to describe the process in question. A solution of this equation determines the relationship between the solidification rate and the lamellar spacing. The obtained results complies with experimental data.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
An exploratory study of role distance as a police response to stress

Field observations of police-citizen encounters indicated that police in the United States employ a number of coping strategies for handling occupational stress. Goffman's concept of role distance was applied to explore the lines of action that police officers construct for situations that they define as stressful. The analysis of police behavior suggests that police develop strategies for establishing role distance during stressful situations with citizens and other police officers that are similar to those in Goffman's analysis of surgeons. Observations further suggest that police also create two additional methods for attaining role distance from occupational stress: verbal denial of danger and playful pranks among the officers.
Concrete examples must jibe with experience.

In their Education Forum “The advantage of abstract examples in learning math” (25 April, p. [454][1]), J. A. Kaminski et al. investigated several ways to teach the mathematical concept of mod 3, in which all numbers are simplified to their remainder when divided by 3. (For example, 3 divided by
Conscious guinea-pig aerosol model for evaluation of peptide leukotriene antagonists.

Abstract A new conscious animal model for evaluating leukotriene antagonists is described. The model consists of monitoring the change in the respiratory pattern induced by aerosol administration of various airway constrictors in six guinea pigs secured in a plexiglass chamber by a neck yoke. The animals are pretreated with indomethacin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and propranolol (5 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min prior to the challenge. After a 30-min stabilization period, the animals are challenged by various agonists delivered via a Monaghan ultrasonic nebulizer at a flow rate of 2.0 L/min for 5 min. The end point is defined as the onset of slow, labored abdominal breathing (dyspnea) measured in seconds. Peptide leukotrienes (LTs) (30 nM-60 μM) produced concentration-related decreases in time to dyspnea with a rank order of potency of LTD 4 > LTC 4 > LTE 4 . LTD 4 was 1,000-fold more potent than histamine or carbachol. Pretreatment of the animals with either FPL55712 or LY171883 delayed the time to reach dyspnea induced by LTD 4 . In contrast, pyrilamine, cyproheptadine, and phenoxybenzamine failed to alter LTD 4 -induced dyspnea. The results indicate that this model is useful in assessing the efficacy of LT receptor antagonists in vivo.
The toxicities of short-chain primary alcohols and the accumulation of storage bodies in the larval fat body of Drosophila melanogaster

In terms of the LD50 values for alcohols, third-instar wild-type larvae of Drosophila melanogaster had a greater tolerance to ethanol, n-propanol and n-butanol than alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-deficient larvae. The tolerances of the two strains to methanol were similar. Methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and n-butanol all induced higher ADH activity in wild-type larvae. Ethanol, n-propanol, methanol and n-butanol slowed the growth for ADH-deficient larvae, whereas only methanol had this effect on wild-type larvae. The proportion of wild-type pupae to eclose was increased by n-butanol, n-propanol and ethanol. Cytometric methods to measure the densities of storage bodies--glycogen rosettes, protein bodies and lipid droplets--in fat body cells indicated that all of the test alcohols exerted some negative influence on the accumulation of at least one type of storage body. Analyses of total protein, glycogen and acylglycerols indicated that ethanol and n-butanol were associated with an accumulation of acylglycerols in both wild-type and ADH-deficient larvae; whereas, the other test alcohols resulted in low glycogen and protein concentrations in both test strains. The short-chain primary alcohols may in part be toxic to larvae because of disruptions in metabolism that lead to reductions in one or more kinds of storage bodies in the larval fat body.
Effects of adenosine deaminase inhibitor 2'-deoxycoformycin on the repair and expression of potentially lethal damage sensitive to beta-araA.

The effects of 2′deoxycoformycin, a specific inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, on the repair and fixation of potentially lethal damage (PLD) sensitive to treatment withβ-araA, an adenosine analogue acting via inhibition of DNA polymerasesα andβ, have been studied. Given after irradiation deoxycoformycin alone had little effect on cell survival. More damage was nevertheless fixed by a given concentration ofβ-araA in the presence of deoxycoformycin to a degree that 35 µMβ-araA given simultaneously with 1 µg/ml deoxycoformycin produced the same effect (survival decrease to 20% of the controls) as 90 µMβ-araA given alone. Maximum potentiation of theβ-araA effect was observed at 1 µg/ml deoxycoformycin with a slight decrease at higher concentrations.
Simple procedure for rapid isolation of functionally intact mitochondria from human and rat skeletal muscle

A simple procedure for the rapid isolation of functionally intact skeletal muscle mitochondria is described. The method involves homogenization of muscle in a medium comprising sucrose (0.25 M) containing 50,000 units of heparin/liter, followed by differential centrifugation. Mitochondria so isolated are functionally and morphologically intact.
Hemangioma, supraumbilical midline raphé, and coarctation of the aorta with a right aortic arch: single causal entity?

Most congenital cutaneous hemangiomas are a sporadic occurrence. Hemangiomas have been found in association with coarctation of the aorta and a right aortic arch. A separate association has been noted of midline ventral defects with hemangiomas. We report on a patient with multiple hemangiomas, coarctation of the aorta and a right aortic arch, a supraumbilical midabdominal raphe and sternal cleft. Our patient represents an overlap between these two conditions. Review of the literature identified four additional patients with a similar combination of anomalies. The clinical overlap between these 5 patients suggests that they are variants of the same condition and represent a spectrum of defects that includes hemangiomas, midline ventral defects, aortic arch abnormalities and brain malformation. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Magnetospheric environments of outer planet rings: Influence of Saturn's axially symmetric magnetic field

Saturn's main rings exist within a zone of negligible magnetospheric losses and surface alteration effects, substantially due to the solid-body absorption of inwardly diffusing magnetospheric particles. This process is presently shown to be especially efficient in the inner magnetosphere of Saturn, due to the near-axial symmetry of the planetary magnetic field relative to the equatorial rotation plane; under the assumption of comparable diffusion rates, the inward magnetospheric particle transport is far more inhibited in the inner Saturnian magnetosphere than in the same regions of Jupiter and Uranus, even when only rings of comparable widths and depths are considered. In light of this, ring particle surface exposure to the ion fluxes of the radiation belt remains a prepossessing rationale for low Uranian ring albedos.
A Contribution to the Theory of Competitive Price

The method of stating the laws of competitive price, 747. — Economics as a theory of limits, 750. — The factor of time, 751. — Fixed capital and joint cost, 754. — Price is indeterminate, 755. — Capital with limited mobility, 760. — Factors affecting extent of price cutting, 762. — Agreements and potential competition, 767. — Conclusion, 770.
Surveying risk subjects: Public health surveys as instruments of biomedicalization

In recent years, epidemiologists have conducted dozens of surveys asking men around the world if they would be willing to be circumcised to reduce their HIV-risk. Men’s responses in turn constitute an important factor in predicting the overall success of circumcision campaigns. Whereas researchers often position survey responses as passive reflections of attitudes, my analysis reveals a more complex picture. The reviewed surveys invite men to consider a part of their bodies as posing a risk to themselves, their partners or their communities, and its removal as a means to permanently transition from the ‘high’ to the ‘low’ risk category. In the process, they position some bodies as inherently riskier than others, thereby carving out new HIV-risk subject positions based not on identity or behavior, but the body itself. Because claims about what one can do to mitigate the spread of HIV are not easily disentangled from what one ought to do, I suggest that these surveys simultaneously imbue willingness to be circumcised with a sense of ethical obligation. In doing so, I argue that circumcision-willingness surveys constitute a discursive technology integral to male circumcision’s emergence as an HIV-risk reduction strategy, not simply a tool that identifies willing subjects passively awaiting the next public health intervention.
Traditional Pension Fund Valuation in a Stochastic Asset and Liability Environment

Using the stochastic investment model proposed by Wilkie (1995) this paper simulates the progress of a specimen final salary pension scheme over a period of 25 years. Salary experience over the projection period is also assumed to be stochastic. The specimen scheme is assumed to be stable during the projection period with respect to age, pensionable salary in real terms and past pensionable service.
Theology and pastoral counseling: A client's viewpoint

Although in recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in the correlation of theology and pastoral care and counseling, most writings have only given the pastor's perspective. Presented here is a theological poem written some two years after depression began to plague Rachel Hansen. She describes not only her view of the pastor and the counseling process, but also the impact of the counseling on her theology and faith.
Implications of Interjurisdictional Competition in Transition: The Case of the Chinese Tobacco Industry

Using theoretical models and evidence from the Chinese tobacco industry, we maintain that, while interjurisdictional competition plays an important role in breaking up state monopolization and promoting market competition in a transition economy, it may also induce governments to impose trade restrictions to protect local firms, especially when market competition threatens the governments' revenues from these firms. We also show that governments tend to provide more subsidies or protection to less-efficient firms, regardless of whether the governmental actions are pro or anti market competition. As a result, there are striking differences in efficiency and performance across jurisdictions in the tobacco industry. Finally, we discuss conditions under which the governments may or may not phase out their involvement in businesses when the market becomes more competitive. J. Comp. Econ., March 2001 29(1), pp. 158–182. Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008-5023. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: P31, H32, L13.
Parental Behavior Controls Incubation Period and Asynchrony of Hatching in Magellanic Penguins: Reply to Demongin, Poisbleau and Eens (2013)

Abstract. We defined incubation period as the time from the laying of an egg to its hatching (Rebstock and Boersma 2011) because this full period is ecologically important and matters to both parents' and offspring's fitness. Birds have many patterns of incubation onset and various degrees of egg neglect following onset of incubation. Onset of incubation is difficult to measure in the field and even if known, ignoring the period before onset of incubation misses many of the selective forces acting on incubation patterns and periods.
Calculations of the interference of annihilation radiations with positron spectra in a Ge detector

Abstract The distortion of the Kurie plots of allowed positron spectra due to annihilation radiations was calculated by a simple Monte-Carlo technique for a small intrinsic Ge detector. The experimentally observed non-linearity near the end point is accurately reproduced by the calculations. Corrections were calculated for 15 theoretical allowed spectra with end-point energies ranging from 2.5 to 10 MeV for one small detector 1.6 cm in diameter and 0.7 cm thick and one larger detector 4.0 cm in diameter and 1.0 cm thick. The major effect of this interference is to shift the end-point up in energy from 182 keV at 2.5 MeV and to 204 keV at 9 MeV in the small detector and from 279 keV at 2.5 MeV and to 321 keV at 9 MeV in the larger detector. The method was used to correct the end-point energies of the two positron branches in the decay of 82 Sr. The corrected data give values of (3.19 ± 0.02) and (2.42 ± 0.02) MeV. The resulting Q -value is (4.21 ± 0.02) MeV.
Rendezvous EndoSeel Technique for Non-operative Closure of Anastomotic Leak After Ileoanal Pouch Operation.

Surveillance colonoscopy of a 50-year-old woman with a 30-year history of ulcerative colitis revealed multifocal high-grade dysplasia, which was treated with laparoscopic total proctocolectomy and ileoanal anastomosis with the creation of an ileal reservoir (J-pouch) and a diverting ileostomy. On postoperative day 5, fever with leukocytosis with purulent discharge from a pelvic Jackson-Pratt (JP) drain was noted. Rigid sigmoidoscopy revealed an intact ileoanal anastomosis with a leak along the posterior midline at the J-pouch anastomotic staple line, *7 cm proximal to the anal verge. Subsequent contrast-enhanced CT scan revealed the interim development of a postoperative pelvic abscess dissecting into the anterior abdominal wall (Fig. 1). Flexible sigmoidoscopy revealed a 10 mm 9 10 mm anastomotic dehiscence; the JP drain was visualized in the abscess cavity (Fig. 2). Endoscopic closure was accomplished using the new over-the-scope clip (OTSC) system: Under endoscopic guidance, the indurated and edematous edges of the dehiscence were grasped and approximated using a twin grasper, which was then retracted into the applicator cap. Applied suction brought the edges of the dehiscence into the applicator cap which then enabled the successful deployment of OTSC, completely closing the leak endoscopically (Fig. 3). Subsequently, drainage of the abdominal and pelvic abscesses by interventional radiology (IR) facilitated discharge home with oral antibiotics 8 days after the endoscopic intervention. Subsequent imaging of the abscess cavity on the 21st and 35th days revealed persistent small anastomotic leaks at the level of the OTSC clip (Fig. 4a), which was treated with 3 cc of serosal Tisseel fibrin sealant through the IR-placed drain (Fig. 4b). Barium contrast enema on the 42nd day confirmed complete closure of the anastomotic leak (Fig. 5).
Social analysis, project development and advocacy in U.S. foreign assistance

In 1975 the U.S. Agency for International Development (AID), the principal administrative agent for American bilateral development assistance, mandated a social analysis component to the project preparation and approval process.1 Although 'social soundness analysis' is now a required dimension of project identification and design its presumed positive effects are not yet apparent on the output side. Post project impact evaluations reveal that there continue to be negative social effects from AID'S development efforts, regardless of project type. In the process by which projects are identified, framed, approved, and ultimately implemented, important signals identified by pre-project social analysis get displaced. This occurs because anticipating social impact is only one of several goals or functions served by pre-project design analysis. This essay interprets the role of social analysis in the dynamics of project preparation, identifying structures and procedures which attenuate its influence.
Laryngeal configuration of 99 dysphonic patients

The aim of this investigation was to study a wide range of dysphonic patients and determine the best matches among the laryngeal configurations on phonation for each patient and those previously established for control data, which were obtained from a professional voice user producing the whole range of voice qualities. Ninety-nine patients were selected and laryngeal photographs were produced for each patient. Fifteen laryngeal parameters were quantified and normalized. The data were sorted, scalar values assigned and a measure of similarity between configurations applied. The best, second-best, third-best and worst matches between each patient separately and the control data were then examined. Although 41% of the patients did not have particularly unusual configurations, 59% exhibited a narrowing of the laryngeal vestibule caused by epiglottic retraction, cuneiform fronting and/or false fold adduction. This suggests that clinical reports for patients with dysphonia should contain information not only on any lesions present but also on laryngeal configurations and, in particular, vestibular narrowing.
General model for estimation of the inhibition of protein kinases using Monte Carlo simulations.

Monte Carlo statistical mechanics simulations were used in combination with the extended linear response (ELR) approach to develop a model to predict the activities of kinase inhibitors. One hundred forty eight inhibitors of three protein kinases, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), lymphocyte-specific kinase (Lck), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase were considered. The inhibitor sets for the individual kinases were analyzed first, and ELR models using only three descriptors were obtained with correlation coefficients, r2, of 0.7−0.8. Models for each pair of kinases were then developed and used to predict the activities of the inhibitors for the remaining kinase with resultant q2 values of 0.71 (CDK2), 0.70 (Lck), and 0.54 (p38). Finally, the three datasets were combined to yield a general ELR model for kinase inhibition; with just three physically reasonable descriptors, EXX, ΔHBtotal, and ΔSASA, the r2 and leave-one-out q2 are 0.69 and 0.67. The optimization of the model was confirmed using a genet...
Breastfeeding Care in Multicultural Populations

Although the number and diversity of minority women in the United States is growing, breastfeeding rates remain low. Nurses can increase breastfeeding rates in minority populations if they are aware of and appreciate cultural differences. Following an overview of culture's effect on breastfeeding, this article focuses on practical aspects of caring for breastfeeding mothers in various cultural groups. Breastfeeding educational programs are effective when they are culturally sensitive and emerge from the culture itself.
Potent Immunoregulatory Effects of Salmonella typhi Flagella on Antigenic Stimulation of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

A key function of monocytes/macrophages (Mphi) is to present antigens to T cells. However, upon interaction with bacteria, Mphi lose their ability to effectively present soluble antigens. This functional loss was associated with alterations in the expression of adhesion molecules and CD14 and a reduction in the uptake of soluble antigen. Recently, we have demonstrated that Salmonella typhi flagella (STF) markedly decrease CD14 expression and are potent inducers of proinflammatory cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC). In order to determine whether S. typhi and soluble STF also alter the ability of Mphi to activate T cells to proliferate to antigens and mitogens, hPBMC were cultured in the presence of tetanus toxoid (TT) or phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and either killed whole-cell S. typhi or purified STF protein. Both whole-cell S. typhi and STF suppressed proliferation to PHA and TT. This decreased proliferation was not a result of increased Mphi production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, or oxygen radicals or the release of interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, or interleukin-10 following exposure to STF. However, the ability to take up soluble antigen, as determined by fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran uptake, was reduced in cells cultured with STF. Moreover, there was a dramatic reduction in the expression of CD54 on Mphi after exposure to STF. These results indicate that whole-cell S. typhi and STF have the ability to alter in vitro proliferation to soluble antigens and mitogens by affecting Mphi function.
Application modes: a narrow interface for end-user power management in mobile devices

Achieving perfect power proportionality in current mobile devices is not enough to prevent users from running out of battery. Given a limited power budget, we need to control active power usage, and there needs to be a prioritization of activities. In the late 1990s, Flinn and Satyanarayanan showed significant energy savings using a concept of data fidelity to drive mobile application adaptation, informed by the battery lifetime desired by the user and the OS's evaluation of energy supply and demand. In this paper we revisit and expand this approach, recognizing that with current hardware there are even higher potential savings, and that increased diversity in applications, devices, and user preferences requires a new way to involve the user to maximize their utility. We propose Application Modes, a new abstraction and a narrow interface between applications and the OS that allows for a separation of concerns between the application, the OS, and the user. Application Modes are well suited to eliciting user preferences when these depend on multiple dimensions, and can vary between users, time, and context. Applications declare modes - bundles of functionality for graceful degradation when resource-limited. The OS uses these modes as the granularity at which to profile and predict energy usage, without having to understand their semantics. It can combine these predictions with application-provided descriptions, exposing to the user only the high-level trade-offs that they need to know about, between battery lifetime and functionality.
Out of Our Heads: Why You Are Not Your Brain, and Other Lessons from the Biology of Consciousness

Out of Our Heads: Why You Are Not Your Brain, and Other Lessons from the Biology of Consciousness Alva Noe New York: Hill and Wang, 2009 232 pages, ISBN: 0809074656 (hbk); $25.00 This ambitious wor...