cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Elevated Crude Glycerin Concentrations on Feedlot Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Serum Metabolite and Hormone Concentrations in Finishing Ewe and Wether Lambs1

Forty-eight crossbred lambs (29.0 ± 4.5 kg; 24 ewes, 24 wethers; 1 ewe and 1 wether/pen; 6 pens/treatment) were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 isocaloric, isonitrogenous treatments containing 0, 15, 30, or 45% crude glycerin (DM basis). Diets, which were offered ad libitum, were primarily composed of 15% chopped hay, 25% dried distillers grains with solubles, and cracked corn, which was replaced with increasing amounts of crude glycerin. Lambs were weighed in 21-d intervals and selected for slaughter when they reached approximately 55 kg of BW. Blood samples were collected on d 57 for analysis of metabolic parameters. Carcass characteristics were collected after a 48-h chill. Days on feed increased linearly (P < 0.001), ADG decreased quadratically (P = 0.02), and both DMI and G:F decreased linearly (P < 0.001) with increasing amounts of glycerin in the diet. Although HCW and LM area did not differ as a result of treatment (P ≥ 0.31), DP, 12th-rib fat thickness, and LM ether extract all decreased linearly with concomitant increases in glycerin (P ≤ 0.02). Serum glucose and insulin concentrations decreased linearly with increasing amounts of glycerin in the diet (P ≤ 0.02), and BHBA concentrations were greater for lambs fed glycerin than those not fed glycerin (P < 0.001). Data from the current study suggest that although feeding up to 15% crude glycerin in the diets of finishing lambs does not differ from feeding no glycerin, feeding 30% or more may have deleterious effects on feedlot performance, carcass quality, and both serum metabolite and hormone concentrations.
Worm propagation and defense over hyperbolic graphs

We investigate the speed of propagation of worms on the so-called /spl delta/-hyperbolic graphs, as defined by Gromov. Such graphs as the physical graph and the logical mail graph manifest this property. The Cayley graphs of combinatorial group theory are used as prototypes of hyperbolic graphs. A simple mail worm defense strategy is considered and the issue as to whether it is able to slow the propagation is addressed.
Optimal signal estimation using cross-validation

This letter develops an optimal, nonlinear estimator of a deterministic signal in noise. The methods of penalized least-squares and cross-validation (CV) balance the bias-variance tradeoff and lead to a closed form expression for the estimator. The estimator is simultaneously optimal in a "small-sample", predictive sum of squares sense and asymptotically optimal in the mean square sense.
Campaign Persuasion and Nascent Partisanship in Mexico's New Democracy

Despite ample evidence of preelection volatility in vote intentions in new democracies, scholars of comparative politics remain skeptical that campaigns affect election outcomes. Research on the United States provides a theoretical rationale for campaign effects, but shows little of it in practice in presidential elections because candidates’ media investments are about equal and voters’ accumulated political knowledge and partisan attachments make them resistant to persuasive messages. I vary these parameters by examining a new democracy where voters’ weaker partisan attachments and lower levels of political information magnify the effects of candidates’ asymmetric media investments to create large persuasion effects. The findings have implications for the generalizability of campaign effects theory to new democracies, the development of mass partisanship, candidate advertising strategies, and the specific outcome of Mexico's hotly contested 2006 presidential election. Data come primarily from the Mexico 2006 Panel Study.
Metastatic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in pleural fluid cytology: Review of literature and report of a case

The majority of chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (CHRCC) are not aggressive, however, a subset are. The potential for metastasis makes recognition of CHRCC cells in cytologic preparations important for patient surveillance, management, and treatment. We report the detection of an aggressive form of CHRCC in pleural fluid cytology with histopathologic confirmation on subsequent pleural biopsy. Sarcomatoid portions of the original CHRCC, and the pleural metastasis, demonstrated loss of diffuse membranous staining with C-KIT.
An Architecture of a Workflow System for Integrated Asset Management in the Smart Oil Field Domain

Integrated asset management (IAM) is the vision of IT-enabled transformation of oilfield operations where information integration from a variety of tools for reservoir modeling, simulation, and performance prediction will lead to rapid decision making for continuous optimization of oil production. In this paper, we discuss the similarities and differences of IAM applications and typical e-Science applications. We then propose an architecture for a workflow system for IAM based on the four key requirements: support for creation, orchestration and management of workflows including those involving legacy tools, support for audit trails and data quality indicators for data objects, usability and extensibility. Our architecture builds upon current research in the scientific workflow area and applies many of its learnings to address the requirements of our system. We propose some implementation strategies and technologies and identify some of the key research challenges in realizing our architectural vision.
Gastric pneumatosis and portal venous gas: benign findings in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A 6-week-old boy with progressively increasing non-bilious emesis was referred for evaluation of suspected pyloric stenosis. US revealed thickening and elongation of the pylorus, classic for pyloric stenosis, with reverberation artefact from the gastric wall. Echogenic foci compatible with portal venous gas were noted in appropriate distribution within the imaged liver (Fig. 1). Abdominal plain films confirmed gastric pneumatosis as the cause of portal venous gas (Fig. 2). Gas in the bowel wall in infants is an alarming finding, raising concerns for gut ischemia and necrotizing enterocolitis. Gastric pneumatosis in the absence of ischemia has been reported in gastric outlet obstruction, including that from
A comparison of heterogeneous ice nucleation parameterizations using a parcel model framework

[1] A liquid-phase Lagrangian parcel model was expanded to include nucleation and growth of ice crystals. Intercomparisons between three heterogeneous ice nucleation parameterizations that link aerosol type and number to ice crystal concentration were conducted. Results indicate large differences in the prediction of ice formation in modestly supercooled clouds and in the susceptibility of cirrus to heterogeneous ice nucleation for the same assumed aerosol distribution. Only one parameterization has an observational constraint that limits the maximum ice crystal number concentrations to be a fraction of the total number concentrations of potential ice-nucleating particles (typically, all insoluble particles larger than about 0.1 μm). The constrained parameterization compares well with most ice nucleation measurements. The nonconstrained parameterizations are capable of predicting several orders of magnitude higher ice crystal concentrations than the constrained parameterization for the same parcel-forcing conditions. Ice crystal concentrations in the unconstrained parameterizations are controlled by the total number concentration of potential ice-nucleating particles and, importantly, negative feedback on ice supersaturation. This feedback control often masks the large discrepancy that exists between predicted ice crystal number concentrations and the maximum number concentrations that can be attributed to atmospheric ice nuclei based on our current understanding of the latter. It also permits unrealistic conclusions regarding the role of certain aerosols as ice nuclei. It is recommended that a constraint on ice crystal number concentrations, related to number concentrations of relevant aerosol particles, should be included in ice nucleation parameterizations used in cloud to global-scale models.
From Rationality to Equality: Three Stages of Doubt

James Sterba’s From Rationality to Equality is a bold effort to show that those who reject morality, coerced provision for basic needs, or a demanding egalitarian standard of justice violate precepts of rationality, resist the implications of their own deep convictions, or negligently ignore ecological dangers. Without opposing his moral conclusions, I present doubts about his arguments. The assessment of higher-ranking altruistic reasons that he calls “Morality as Compromise” is offered as distinctively non-question-begging, but only seems to have this status on a construal that makes it a tautology. Contrary to his charge of inconsistency, right-wing libertarians can rely on a non-arbitrary criterion of coercive worsening in defending the entitlements they favor while rejecting the enforceable welfare right that he supports. The duty to make sacrifices for remote generations on which he bases his demand for substantial equality is in need of defense that he does not provide and does not clearly have the consequence he claims. These gaps point to the need to rely on a broader range of moral convictions, integrated in more complex ways.
A low-voltage low-power 25 Gb/s clock and data recovery with equalizer in 65 nm CMOS

A novel low-power low-jitter 25 Gb/s clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit with equalizer that can work at an ultra-low supply voltage of 0.6 V is proposed and implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process. A two-tank transformer-feedback technique is proposed in the 25 GHz LC-tank VCO to improve the phase noise performance at low supply voltage. Forward-body biasing (FBB) technique is proposed in the low-voltage signal path to reduce the threshold voltage of the transistors, thus increasing the signal amplitude and achieving low BER. The measurement results show that the CDR and equalizer can work under 0.6 V with 0.23ps/4.62ps (rms/pk-pk) of recovered clock jitter. The measured power consumption of the CDR with the equalizer is 48.8 mW (1.95 mW/Gb/s).
Prophylaxis for deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in the surgical patient.

Abstract The fifth American College of Chest Physicians Consensus Conference on Antithrombotic Therapy provides the most up-to-date guidelines for the prevention of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in the surgical patient (1). These recommendations have become a major guideline for clinicians managing patients in the perioperative period. Despite these recommendations, there remains a concern for balancing the risk of major postoperative bleeding with the benefit of preventing thrombosis. In an attempt to resolve this issue, clinicians have requested clear-cut guidelines for identification of high-risk groups for whom prophylaxis must be used. This article will review the etiology, risk factor stratification, regimens of prophylaxis, and recommendations for prevention of postoperative DVT and PE.
Alterations of the volatile metabolome in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.

In the present study, we tested whether the volatile metabolome was altered by mutations of the Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-implicated amyloid precursor protein gene (APP) and comprehensively examined urinary volatiles that may potentially serve as candidate biomarkers of AD. Establishing additional biomarkers in screening populations for AD will provide enhanced diagnostic specificity and will be critical in evaluating disease-modifying therapies. Having strong evidence of gross changes in the volatile metabolome of one line of APP mice, we utilized three unique mouse lines which over-express human mutations of the APP gene and their respective non-transgenic litter-mates (NTg). Head-space gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of urinary volatiles uncovered several aberrant chromatographic peak responses. We later employed linear discrimination analysis and found that the GC/MS peak responses provide accurate (>84%) genotype classification of urinary samples. These initial data in animal models show that mutant APP gene expression entails a uniquely identifiable urinary odor, which if uncovered in clinical AD populations, may serve as an additional biomarker for the disease.
Overreaction to Merger and Acquisition Announcements

We examine investor reactions to merger and acquisition announcements, focusing on the Initial Target Price (ITP) ratio, which is the target firm stock price on the first day after the announcement relative to the offer price, and can be interpreted as a measure of investor optimism regarding deal outcomes. We find that high price-to-offer-price ratios are associated with surprisingly low likelihoods of deal success, and significant negative abnormal returns of 3.5% over the two months following the announcement. We investigate potential explanations for the results, and find that they are most consistent with the interpretation that high ITP ratios indicate investor overreaction.
The Hawaii-2 Observatory: Observation of Nanoearthquakes

The Hawaii-2 Observatory (H2O; http://www.iris.edu/GSN/) was established on the seafloor between Hawaii and California (Figure 1) in 1998 using the retired ATT Duennebier et al. , 2002; Harris and Duennebier, 2002; Pettit et al. , 2002). This is the first undersea seismic station in the Global Seismographic Network. The on-site instrumentation includes a broadband Guralp CMG-3 and 4.5 Hz Geospace HS1 geophones, buried 0.5 m into the sea-floor mud, and an OAS E2PD hydrophone 0.5 m above the seafloor. All of the data are natively sampled at 160 sps continuously and sent via the Hawaii-2 cable to Oahu, where they are distributed by the University of Hawaii to IRIS. Data are available in real-time via a Live Internet Seismic Server (LISS) server and are being used by the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center and the National Seismic Network. In early 2002, the Ocean Drilling Program drilled a borehole through 29±1 m of sediment into basalt about 1.5 km northeast of the current H2O instrumentation as a site for a future borehole sensor (Stephen et al. , 2003). Figure 1. (left) The Hawaii-2 Observatory at 27° 52.916 N, 141° 59.504 W is sited 1,750 km east-northeast of Honolulu (Butler et al. , 2000). The site lies between the Murray and Molokai Fracture Zones at 4,979 m depth on predominantly terrigeneous, pelagic clay. The oceanic crust is of Eocene age (45–50 m.y.) and is normal but fast-spreading with a spreading half-rate of 7 cm/y. (top, center) The Hawaii-2 cable terminates in western Oahu and passes between Kauai and Oahu before traversing northeast toward California, (right) The abyssal bathymetry is locally flat in a ∼5,000 km2 region with abyssal hills rising less than 500 m high at about 30 …
Thermal Engineering Design Project: A Linear Thermal Expansion Apparatus

A thermal engineering design project requiring the design, construction, and operation of an apparatus that determines the liner thermal expansion of a slender aluminium rod is described in this paper. The author's design employed a radially constrained and axially free aluminium rod in an electrically heated, copper-tube oven. Thermal expansion was measured with a lever-arm rotating a mirror that reflected a laser beam. A class of junior (third year) mechanical engineering students, working in teams, produced designs using specifically designed air ovens, direct heating with an electric resistance wire wrap, and hot-water baths. Thermal expansion measurements employed dial gauges, dial callipers, micrometers, optical projections including laser beam reflection, and strain gauges. A plot of the accumulated data, comprised of 466 data points, produced a linear curve-fit whose slope gave the average coefficient of linear thermal expansion over the temperature range 20°C to 100°C. Most of the data clustered ...
Glucose and plant exudate enhanced enumeration of bacteria capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Enumerating environmental microbial isolates capable of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation can provide insight into the microbe–plant interactions that facilitate PAH removal. We examined a known PAH degrader (Pseudomonas putida G7), a nondegrader (Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404), and several microorganisms isolated from the environment by using a PAH cocktail in an enumeration medium with or without 0.025% (m/v) glucose and (or) root exudates. Compared with the standard most probable number (MPN), the addition of glucose and root exudates in a modified MPN method resulted in a 3- to 11-fold enhancement of PAH degraders being enumerated among microorganisms found in PAH-contaminated soils. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis verified that PAH levels were reduced using this modified enumeration method. Low levels of glucose, perhaps in concert with other materials in exudates, may promote microbial metabolism, thereby enhancing PAH degradation.
The Relationship of Parathyroidectomy and Bisphosphonates With Fracture Risk in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: An Observational Study

Background The comparative effectiveness of surgical and medical treatments on fracture risk in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is unknown. Objective To measure the relationship of parathyroidectomy and bisphosphonates with skeletal outcomes in patients with PHPT. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting An integrated health care delivery system. Participants All enrollees with biochemically confirmed PHPT from 1995 to 2010. Measurements Bone mineral density (BMD) changes and fracture rate. Results In 2013 patients with serial bone density examinations, total hip BMD increased transiently in women with parathyroidectomy (4.2% at 8 years). In 6272 patients followed for fracture, the absolute risk for hip fracture at 10 years was 20.4 events per 1000 patients who had parathyroidectomy and 85.5 events per 1000 patients treated with bisphosphonates compared with 55.9 events per 1000 patients without these treatments. The risk for any fracture at 10 years was 156.8 events per 1000 patients who had parathyroidectomy and 302.5 events per 1000 patients treated with bisphosphonates compared with 206.1 events per 1000 patients without these treatments. In analyses stratified by baseline BMD status, parathyroidectomy was associated with reduced fracture risk in both osteopenic and osteoporotic patients, whereas bisphosphonates were associated with increased fracture risk in these patients. Parathyroidectomy was associated with fracture risk reduction in patients regardless of whether they satisfied criteria from consensus guidelines for surgery. Limitation Retrospective study design and nonrandom treatment assignment. Conclusion Parathyroidectomy was associated with reduced fracture risk, and bisphosphonate treatment was not superior to observation. Primary funding source National Institute on Aging.
Dehydroepiandrosterone and Melatonin: Two Neurohormones

Complementary or alternative medicines in the United States have received prominent attention during recent years. Though there seems to be little rigorous support for the long-term efficacy and safety of these treatments in humans,1-2 the popularity of these natural products persists. It has been estimated that, for 1997, 12 percent of the U.S. population (approximately 24 million people) had used herbal medicines within the previous 12 months, and that 5 billion dollars had been spent on these products during that same year.3 Two of the alternative medicines included are dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and melatonin. DHEA is a hormone produced primarily by the adrenal glands, and is a precursor for endogenous steroid production (e.g., testosterone, estrogen). DHEA is also believed to exert central pharmacologic effects. Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland and is involved in circadium rhythm maintenance and sleep regulation. Because of extensive physiological effects, these two neuro-hormon...
A two-hop neighbor preference-based random network graph model with high clustering coefficient for modeling real-world complex networks

The Erdos-Renyi (ER) random network model generates graphs under the assumption that there could exist a link u-v between two nodes u and v irrespective of whether or not the two nodes had a common neighbor before the establishment of the link. As a result, random network graphs generated under the ER model are characteristic of having a low clustering coefficient (a measure of the probability for a link to exist between any two neighbors of a node) and low variation in the node degrees, and hence could not match closely to graphs abstracting real-world networks. In this paper, we propose a random network graph model that gives preference to closing the triangle involving three nodes u, w and v with existing links u-w and w-v (i.e., node v is strictly a two-hop neighbor of node u). Accordingly, when node u is looking for a new link to be setup with some other node x, we consider x along with the two-hop neighbors of u and choose one among these nodes with a probability plink as the new neighbor of node u. The proposed Two-Hop Neighbor Preference (THNP)-based model generates random graphs whose clustering coefficient decreases with increase in node degree: matching closely to several real-world network graphs that are commonly studied for complex network analysis.
Charge and matter form factors of two-neutron halo nuclei in halo effective field theory at next-to-leading order

By using halo effective field theory (EFT), an expansion in ${R}_{\text{core}}/{R}_{\text{halo}}$, where ${R}_{\text{core}}$ is the radius of the core and ${R}_{\text{halo}}$ the radius of the halo nucleus, the charge and neutron form factors of the two-neutron halo nuclei $^{11}\mathrm{Li}, ^{14}\mathrm{Be}$, and $^{22}\mathrm{C}$ are calculated to next-to-leading order (NLO) by treating them as an effective three-body system. From the form factors, the point-charge and point-matter radii, inter-neutron distances, and neutron opening angles are extracted. Agreement is found with existing experimental extractions. Results are given for the point-charge and point-matter radii for arbitrary neutron core scattering effective range ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{cn}$, which can be used for predictions once ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{cn}$ is measured. Estimates for ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{cn}$ are also used to make NLO predictions. Finally, the point-charge radii of this work are compared with other halo-EFT predictions, and setting the core mass equal to the neutron mass the point-charge radius is found to agree with an analytical prediction in the unitary limit.
Name that tune: Mitigation of driver fatigue via a song naming game.

Abstract Fatigued driving contributes to a substantial number of motor vehicle accidents each year. Music listening is often employed as a countermeasure during driving in order to mitigate the effects of fatigue. Though music listening has been established as a distractor in the sense that it increases cognitive load during driving, it is possible that increased cognitive load is desirable under particular circumstances. For instance, during situations that typically result in cognitive underload, such as driving in a low-traffic monotonous stretch of highway, it may be beneficial for cognitive load to increase, thereby necessitating allocation of greater cognitive resources to the task of driving and attenuating fatigue. In the current study, we employed a song-naming game as a countermeasure to fatigued driving in a simulated monotonous environment. During the first driving session, we established that driving performance deteriorates in the absence of an intervention following 30 min of simulated driving. During the second session, we found that a song-naming game employed at the point of fatigue onset was an effective countermeasure, as reflected by simulated driving performance that met or exceeded fresh driving behavior and was significantly better relative to fatigued performance during the first driving session.
Longitudinal Blood Pressure Changes and Kidney Function Decline in Persons Without Chronic Kidney Disease: Findings From the MESA Study.

BACKGROUND While changes in blood pressure (BP) are independently associated with cardiovascular events, less is known about the association between changes in BP and subsequent changes in renal function in adults with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of >60 ml/min/1.73 m2. METHODS The present study included 3,920 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) study who had ≥2 BP measurements during the first 5 years of MESA and had eGFR measurements at both year 5 and 10. Change in BP was estimated as the annualized slope of BP between year 0 and 5 based on linear mixed models (mean number of measurements = 4.0). Participants were then grouped into 1 of 3 categories based on the distribution of systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and pulse pressure (PP) change (top 20%, middle 21-79%, bottom 20%). We calculated eGFR from cystatin C (ml/min/1.73 m2), estimated annual change in eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2/year), and defined rapid kidney function decline as a >30% decrease in eGFR from year 5 to 10. We used multivariable logistic regression adjusting for year 0 demographic and clinical characteristics, including eGFR and BP, to determine associations of BP change with rapid kidney function decline. RESULTS Median age was 59 [interquartile range (IQR): 52, 67] and median eGFR at year 0 was 95.5 (IQR: 81.7, 105.9) ml/min/1.73 m2. Median SBP at year 0 was 111, 121, and 147 mm Hg for increasing, stable, and decreasing SBP change, respectively. Increasing SBP and widening PP change were each associated with higher odds of rapid kidney function decline compared with stable SBP and PP groups, respectively [odds ratio, OR 1.7 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.3, 2.4) for SBP; OR 1.4 (95% CI 1.1, 1.9) for PP]. Decreasing SBP was associated with rapid kidney function decline after adjusting for all covariates except for year 0 BP [OR 1.4 (95% CI 1.0, 1.8)], but this association was no longer statistically significant after adjustment for year 0 BP. There were no significant associations between DBP change and rapid decline in the fully adjusted models. Similar findings were seen with annual change in eGFR. CONCLUSIONS Increasing SBP and widening PP over time were associated with greater risk for accelerated kidney function decline even at BP levels below established hypertension thresholds.
A Novel Torsional Kolsky Bar Apparatus for Investigating Dynamic Frictional Resistance of Granular Materials Under Seismically Relevant Conditions

In the present study, a modified torsional Kolsky bar apparatus is utilized to investigate the dynamic frictional behavior of confined granular geo-materials under seismically relevant normal stresses, slip velocities and accelerations. The frictional resistance of the granular specimens is evaluated under both dry and wet conditions. Using the apparatus, slip speeds ranging between 2 and 6 m/s are achieved at normal stresses ranging between 50 and 125 MPa. The maximum slip displacement obtained during the frictional slip is about 5 mm. The usefulness of the experimental configuration is validated by presenting results for Talc under both wet and dry conditions, and 50/50 Montmorillonite/Ottawa sand under wet conditions. For the experiments on Talc, the dry specimens are found to have a coefficient of kinetic friction in the range of 0.2–0.4, with the wet specimens exhibiting lower values of 0.1–0.2. The wet 50/50 Montmorillonite/Ottawa sand specimens exhibit a low average friction coefficient value of about 0.1 for all the test conditions.
Iterative weighted 2D orientation averaging that minimizes arc-length between vectors

The buildup of inaccuracies from frequent and imperfect data averaging can negatively impact system behavior. One potential culprit is improper orientation averaging, such as when combining data from multiple sensors, or reconciling preferences from multiple agents. In practice, the currently prevalent methodology of averaging 2D orientations is that of adding orientation vectors, which minimizes the Euclidean (or chord) distance among the vectors, instead of the geodesic (or arc) distance, resulting in inaccurate or even entirely incorrect averages. While an arc-minimizing alternative exists, it is only defined for angle averaging, posing an issue if orientations also possess a meaningful magnitude within the domain. In this work, we present an iterative weighted 2D orientation arc-based averaging algorithm that minimizes squared arc-lengths between points, incorporates orientation magnitudes as weights, and allows for multiple equally valid averages to be produced whenever applicable. We compare a vector sum approach and the weighted arc-based approach as applied to collaborative transport with obstacle avoidance, and showcase the behavioral advantages of the arc-based weighted averaging.
Sentencing other people’s children: the intersection of race, gender, and juvenility in the adult criminal court

In light of the punitive transformation of the juvenile justice system in recent years, several scholars have explored disparities in criminal punishments between adult offenders and juveniles who ...
Security, but at what cost?

Research on the behavioral-based security of information systems within organizations and for personal use has been common over the last decade, however little is known regarding how individuals perceive the security of their mobile devices. This study seeks to explore how the security notifications within a mobile application environment alter adoption and security-related beliefs concerning their device. We propose a theoretical model based on the technology adoption and psychological theories, and propose an experiment to test the model. Contributions and implications of the work are then proposed.
ABSORPTION AND TRANSPORT OF INSECTICIDES IN VERTEBRATES

Abstract Recent developments concerning absorption, distribution, and transport of insecticides in vertebrates are discussed. When dermal and oral applications were compared, no consistent difference in penetration was noted. Carbamate insecticides tended to be absorbed most rapidly while organophosphates and chlorinated hydrocarbons showed a wide diversity in penetration. Insecticides bound to both albumin and lipoprotein blood fractions in inverse relation to water solubility. Interaction of insecticides with albumin was essentially hydrophobic, and difference spectra, fluorescence quenching, and chemical modifications of albumin suggest involvement of tryptophan, tyrosine, and arginine residues.
Heart Rate Variability Responses to an Undulating Resistance Training Program in Free-Living Conditions: A Case Study in a Collegiate Athlete.

The purpose of this case study was to evaluate the response in heart rate variability via the parasympathetically-mediated metric of the log-transformed root mean square of successive R-R interval differences (lnRMSSD) to weekly variations in total volume-load (TVL) during an 18-week periodized strength training program in a competitive collegiate hockey athlete. The program consisted of three 60–90 min full-body exercise sessions per week with at least 24-h of rest between each session. Daily lnRMSSD measurements were taken immediately after waking using a validated smartphone application and the pulse-wave finger sensor. The weekly lnRMSSD values were calculated as the mean (lnRMSSDMEAN) and the coefficient of variation (lnRMSSDCV). A Pearson’s bivariate correlation of lnRMSSDMEAN and TVL revealed no statistically significant correlation between the two variables; TVL (r = −0.105, p = 0.678). However, significant correlations were found between lnRMSSDCV and both total load (TL) (r = −0.591, p = 0.013) and total volume (TV) (r = 0.765, p < 0.001). Additionally, weekly ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) mean values were statistically significantly correlated to TVL, r = 0.853, p < 0.001. It was concluded that lnRMSSDCV increased or decreased proportionally to an increase or decrease in TVL during the periodized resistance training program with TV being the strongest, independent indicator of these changes.
HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase: A Metamorphic Protein with Three Stable States.

There has been a steadily increasing appreciation of the fact that the relationship between protein sequence and structure is often sufficiently ambiguous to allow a single sequence to adopt alternative, stable folds. Living organisms have been able to utilize such metamorphic proteins in remarkable and unanticipated ways. HIV-1 reverse transcriptase is among the earliest such proteins identified and remains a unique example in which a functional heterodimer contains two, alternatively folded polymerase domains. Structural characterization of the p66 precursor protein combined with NMR spectroscopic and molecular modeling studies have provided insights into the factors underlying the metamorphic transition and the subunit-specific programmed unfolding step required to expose the protease cleavage site within the ribonuclease H domain, supporting the conversion of the p66/p66′ precursor into the mature p66/p51 heterodimer.
Turkish-English Bilingual Content in the Virtual Linguistic Landscape of a University in Turkey: Exclusive "De Facto" Language Policies.

With English as the lingua franca, numerous universities in non-English speaking countries offer programs with English medium of instruction (EMI) to receive international recognition in academia. ...
Timing of Surgical Decompression for Cauda Equina Syndrome.

Objective Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a potentially devastating spinal condition requiring prompt diagnosis and intervention. This study examines the relationship between timing of surgery and patient outcomes such as mortality and total complications, and longitudinal trends in timing of operative treatment over the years 2000–2014. Methods This study considered patients in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample Database between 2000 and 2014 who had both an International Classification of Disease, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification code for CES (344.61) and an International Classification of Disease, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification procedure code for either disc excision (8051) or spinal canal exploration and decompression (0309) in their inpatient record. Patients were separated into an early surgical intervention cohort versus a delayed intervention cohort, and associated outcomes were analyzed using linear regression. Trends in timing of surgery were examined for the years 2000–2014, and linear regression was used to assess degree of change over time. Results In total, 20,924 patients with CES met inclusion criteria. Following adjustment for demographic variables, the delayed-intervention group was associated with statistically significant increased inpatient mortality (odds ratio [OR] 9.60, P = 0.002), total complications (OR 1.41, P = 0.018), and non-routine discharge (OR 2.37, P Conclusions This study represents the largest investigation to date examining CES and reveals the timing of surgical management for CES has not changed appreciably from 2000 to 2014 despite mounting evidence for early decompression. Patients receiving decompression within 0 or 1 day after admission are associated with improved inpatient outcomes, including lower complication and mortality rates.
Using Numerical Insights to Improve Symbolic Computations

Numerical algebraic geometry provides a toolbox of numerical methods for performing computations involving systems of polynomial equations. Even though some of the computations which are performed on a computer using floating-point arithmetic are not certified, they can often be made very reliable using adaptive precision computations. Moreover, there is a wealth of information regarding the original problem which can be extracted from various numerical computation that can be used to improve subsequent symbolic computations to certify the result. This paper highlights two applications of such hybrid numeric-symbolic methods in algebraic geometry.
Trends of vascular surgery procedures in Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

ObjectivesMarfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome represent two connective tissue vascular diseases requiring unique consideration in their vascular surgical care. A comprehensive national revie...
The Feasibility, Tolerability, and Safety of Administering a Very High Alcohol Dose to Drinkers with Alcohol Use Disorder.

INTRODUCTION There remains a paucity of research quantifying alcohol's effects in drinkers with alcohol use disorder (AUD), particularly responses to very high alcohol doses (≥0.8 g/kg). As drinkers with AUD frequently engage in very heavy drinking (8 to 10 drinks/occasion), doses of ≤0.8 g/kg may lack ecological validity. The present study examined the feasibility, tolerability, and safety of administering a very high alcohol dose (1.2 g/kg) to non-treatment-seeking AUD participants. METHODS Sixty-one young adult AUD drinkers enrolled in the Chicago Social Drinking Project and completed 3 laboratory sessions at which they consumed a beverage with 1.2, 0.8, and 0.0 g/kg alcohol. Physiological responses (vital signs, nausea and vomiting, breath alcohol concentrations [BrAC]) were monitored throughout the sessions. After each session, participants completed a next-day survey of substance use, engagement in risky behaviors, and related consequences. RESULTS Overall, the sample demonstrated good compliance with study procedures; 93% of participants adhered to presession alcohol abstinence requirements (indicated by BrAC < 0.003 g/dl), with no participants exhibiting serious alcohol withdrawal symptoms at arrival to study visits. The 1.2 g/kg alcohol dose achieved an expected mean peak BrAC of 0.13 g/dl at 60 minutes after drinking, which was well tolerated; the majority of the sample did not experience nausea (70%) or vomiting (93%), and dose effects on vital signs were not clinically significant. Finally, we demonstrated that the 1.2 g/kg alcohol dose is safe and not associated with postsession consequences, including reduced sleep time, atypical substance use, accidents or injuries, and severe hangovers. CONCLUSION Results support the feasibility, tolerability, and safety of administering a very high alcohol dose to young adult drinkers with AUD within the context of a well-validated laboratory alcohol challenge paradigm. Utilizing an alcohol dose more consistent with naturalistic drinking patterns may foster greater ecological validity of laboratory paradigms for persons with moderate to severe AUD.
Construction-Related Waivers to the Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems Rule in the United States

With the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) industry poised to become a five billion dollar industry within the next year, UAVs have tremendous potential within the construction industry. From aerial surveys, jobsite photographs, and monitoring productivity and safety, UAV use could result in increased efficiency and reduced waste in the construction industry—which is notorious for having a high percentage of waste. Regulations enacted in August 2016, made the implementation of UAVs more straightforward for construction companies than had been the case in prior years. Conventional legal research methods were utilized, including a search of relevant statutes and a comprehensive review of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), waivers granted since the implementation of the Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Rule. This, paper will discuss regulations applicable to UAV use in the construction industry, the parts of the regulations for which waivers can be requested, and the number and type of waivers sought since the current regulations were enacted.
Machine learning methods to predict amyloid positivity using domain scores from cognitive tests.

Amyloid- $$\beta$$ (A $$\beta$$ ) is the target in many clinical trials for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Preclinical AD patients are heterogeneous with regards to different backgrounds and diagnosis. Accurately predicting A $$\beta$$ status of participants by using machine learning (ML) models based on easily accessible data, could improve the effectiveness of AD clinical trials. We will develop optimal ML models for each subpopulation stratified by sex and disease stages using sub scores from screening neurological tests. Data from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) were used to build the ML models, for three groups: individuals with significant memory concern, early mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and late MCI. Data were further separated into 6 groups by disease stage (3 levels) and sex (2 categories). The outcome was defined as the A $$\beta$$ status confirmed by the PET imaging, and the features include demographic data, newly identified risk factors, screening tests, and the domain scores from screening tests. Monte Carlo simulation studies were used together with k-fold cross-validation technique to compute model performance metric. We also develop a new feature selection method based on the stochastic ordering to avoiding searching all possible combinations of features. Accuracy of the identified optimal model for SMC male was over 90% by using domain scores, and accuracy for LMCI female was above 86%. Domain scores can improve the ML model prediction as compared to the total scores. Accurate ML prediction models can identify the proper population for AD clinical trials.
Methylation-derived Inflammatory Measures and Lung Cancer Risk and Survival

ABSTRACT Background Examining inflammation-related DNA methylation alterations in blood could help elucidate the role of inflammation in lung cancer etiology and aid discovery of factors that are key to lung cancer development and progression. In a nested case-control study, we estimated the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio using a validated index, methylation-derived NLR (mdNLR), and quantified DNA methylation levels at loci previously linked with circulating concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP). We examined associations between these measures and lung cancer risk, and among the cases, lung cancer survival, using pre-diagnostic blood samples of cases (median of 14 years before diagnosis) and controls in the CLUE I/II cohorts. Our analyses controlled for self-reported smoking and methylation-predicted cumulative smoking in order to better focus our examinations on the DNA methylation marks that are informative of the immune response profile. Results Using conditional logistic regression and further adjusting for BMI, batch effects, and a smoking-based methylation score, we observed a 47% increased risk of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for one standard deviation increase in mdNLR (n = 150 pairs; OR: 1.47 [1.08, 2.02]) and found the estimated CRP Scores to be inversely associated with risk of NSCLC risk after additionally adjusting for methylation-predicted pack-years (n = 150 pairs; Score 1 OR: 0.57 [0.40, 0.81]; Score 2 OR: 0.62 [0.45, 0.84]; Score 3 OR: 0.65 [0.44, 0.95]). Using Cox proportional-hazards models and adjusting age, sex, smoking status, methylation-predicted pack-years, BMI, batch effect, and stage, we observed a 27% increased risk of dying from lung cancer for one standard deviation increase in mdNLR (n = 145 deaths in 205 cases; HR: 1.27 [1.08, 1.50]). A 50% increased risk of dying from lung cancer for one standard deviation increase in mdNLR was observed for NSCLC cases (n = 103 deaths in 149 cases; HR: 1.50 [1.19, 1.89]). Conclusions A better understanding of inflammation-associated methylation-based biomarkers in lung cancer development could provide insight into critical pathways that may help identify new markers of early disease and survival.
A Novel Local Explainability Approach for Spectral Insight into Raw EEG-Based Deep Learning Classifiers

The frequency domain of electroencephalography (EEG) data has developed as a particularly important area of EEG analysis. EEG spectra have been analyzed with explainable machine learning and deep learning methods. However, as deep learning has developed, most studies use raw EEG data, which is not well-suited for traditional explainability methods. Several studies have introduced methods for spectral insight into classifiers trained on raw EEG data. These studies have provided global insight into the frequency bands that are generally important to a classifier but do not provide local insight into the frequency bands important for the classification of individual samples. This local explainability could be particularly helpful for EEG analysis domains like sleep stage classification that feature multiple evolving states. We present a novel local spectral explainability approach and use it to explain a convolutional neural network trained for automated sleep stage classification. We use our approach to show how the relative importance of different frequency bands varies over time and even within the same sleep stages. Furthermore, to better understand how our approach compares to existing methods, we compare a global estimate of spectral importance generated from our local results with an existing global spectral importance approach. We find that the {delta} band is most important for most sleep stages, though {beta} is most important for the non-rapid eye movement 2 (NREM2) sleep stage. Additionally, {theta} is particularly important for identifying Awake and NREM1 samples. Our study represents the first approach developed for local spectral insight into deep learning classifiers trained on raw EEG time series.
Abstract 871: KYNU expression is a prognostic factor in KEAP1/STK11 co-mutated lung adenocarcinoma

We searched for gene expression prognostic markers with bimodal distribution in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) that might help specify molecular subtypes and identified a highly consistent biomarker KYNU, an enzyme in the pathway that converts tryptophan to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). KYNU performed better in predicting LUAD outcomes than genes in related pathways. High KYNU expression is particularly observed in tumors with mutations in the tumor suppressor genes KEAP1 and STK11, but not in the oncogene KRAS. From clinical data of LUAD, we found more frequent co-mutation of KEAP1 and STK11 than KRAS with either KEAP1 or STK11. Tumors with mutations in both KEAP1 and STK11 had poorer outcomes than tumors with mutations in neither or only one of these genes, regardless of KRAS status. Importantly, KYNU expression associated with poor outcomes regardless of KEAP1/STK11 status and other covariates. We also assessed clinical features associated with KEAP1/STK11 mutations with AACR GENIE data. By examining co-expression of KYNU with other genes, we determined that high KYNU expression had low expression of gene sets related to macrophages. Citation Format: Ling Cai, Thomas J. Rogers, Huiyu Li, Jiyeon Kim, Yang Xie, Guanghua Xiao, John Minna, Ralph J. DeBerardinis. KYNU expression is a prognostic factor in KEAP1/STK11 co-mutated lung adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 871.
RAD51AP1 compensates for the loss of RAD54 in homology-directed DNA repair

Homology-directed repair (HDR) is a complex DNA damage repair pathway and an attractive target of inhibition in anti-cancer therapy. To develop the most efficient inhibitors of HDR in cells, it is critical to identify compensatory sub-pathways. In this study, we describe the synthetic interaction between RAD51AP1 and RAD54, two structurally unrelated proteins that function downstream of RAD51 in HDR. We show that deletion of both RAD51AP1 and RAD54 synergistically sensitizes human cancer cell lines to treatment with a Poly(adenosine 59-diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, to the DNA inter-strand crosslinking agent mitomycin C, and to hydroxyurea, which stalls the progression of DNA replication. We infer that HDR-directed anti-cancer treatment modalities shall consider this within-pathway functional overlap, and we hypothesize that in cancerous cells the simultaneous inactivation of both RAD54 and RAD51AP1 will accentuate tumor kill.