cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of ring mitral valvuloplasty for pure mitral regurgitation

Doppler echocardiographic studies were performed in 21 consecutive patients (mean age 56 +/- 11 years) to evaluate postoperative results of mitral ring anuloplasty. All patients were symptomatic and all had clinically severe isolated mitral regurgitation (MR). The origin of MR was myxomatous degeneration, coronary artery disease, rheumatic heart disease or congestive cardiomyopathy. In 20 patients ring anuloplasty was performed using the Carpentier ring and 1 patient using the Duran ring. Postoperative Doppler echocardiographic studies were performed to detect and semiquantitate residual MR by flow mapping and to identify left ventricular inflow or outflow obstruction. The severity of MR was assessed by flow mapping in the left atrium and graded from I to IV in increasing severity. Blood flow velocity spectra were recorded from the left ventricular outflow tract during systole and from the left ventricle subjacent to the mitral valve during diastole. Pressure half-time, mitral valve area and mitral valve gradient were derived from digitized mitral diastolic flow velocity spectra. After ring valvuloplasty, 9 patients had no MR and 6 had grade I, 3 grade II, 2 grade III and 1 patient grade IV MR. Peak diastolic mitral valve gradient was 8 +/- 4 mm Hg, mean diastolic gradient was 3 +/- 2 mm Hg and pressure half-time was 83 +/- 17 ms, representing a calculated mean mitral valve area of 2.9 +/- 0.8 cm. Peak velocity in the left ventricular outflow tract was 0.9 +/- 0.2 m/s, indicating no obstruction to outflow. Our study confirms that mitral ring valvuloplasty produces a significant reduction in severity of MR, and this is achieved without obstructing left ventricular inflow or outflow.
Nonprofit Board Role Ambiguity: Investigating Its Prevalence, Antecedents, and Consequences

This study investigates the degree to which nonprofit board volunteers understand their role and performance expectations in the organizations they govern. Using data collected from chief executives and board members, the authors first compare board member self-reports of role ambiguity with chief executive assessments of how well board members understand their roles. They then examine the antecedents and consequences of board role ambiguity, finding that training and feedback can decrease role ambiguity and that role ambiguity adversely affects board engagement.
Analysis of triglycerides by consecutive chromatographic techniques. i.cuphea llavia seed fat

The triglycerides ofCuphea llavia var.miniata seed fat were separated according to the number of double bonds/molecule using preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) on silicic acid impregnated with silver ion. The recovered frac-tions were quantitated by the chromotropic acid technique. Each fraction was then separated ac-cording to mol wt using gas-liquid chromatog-raphy (GLC). This multiple chromatography procedure resolvedC. llavia triglycerides into 17 different components. The triglyceride composition ofC. llavia seed fat was calculated from the above results. Since the fat contains 91.2 mole % decanoic acid, it was expected that each triglyceride molecule would contain at least two molecules of decanoic acid. Results showed this to be generally true, but sev-eral minor component triglycerides not conform-ing to this pattern were found.
Three-dimensional subsonic flows, and asymptotic estimates for elliptic partial differential equations

During the past half century there has occurred a series of striking advances in the mathematical theory of compressible irrotational fluid flow in two dimensions. These developments have been concomitant with discoveries of general mathematical interest and to some extent with the growth of new mathematical disciplines. Among these we may cite the hodograph transformation of Chaplygin [3], the use of functiontheoretical properties of quasi-conformal mappings [1, 6, 15], the theory of regular variational problems [19, 20], potential-theoretic investigations [7], the development of fixed point theorems in function space [11, 16], and the theory of pseudo-analytic functions [2]. Since most of these methods are by their nature limited in application to twodimensional phenomena, the theory of three-dimensional flow has not fared so well, and there seems to be little literature of a precise mathematical character on the subject. There appear, in fact, to be serious difficulties in the way of a comprehensive discussion, for the study of such flows is equivalent to the study of a non-linear second order equation in three independent variables, and the problem of finding
Anomalous behavior of the n + 208Pb potential near the fermi energy☆

New measurements of elastic neutron scattering from 208Pb and 209Bi at En < 7 MeV have revealed the detailed shape of the Fermi surface anomaly in the nucleon-nucleus potential in an energy region inaccessible by proton scattering. The resulting energy dependence of the real potential strongly supports recent dispersion-theory corrections to the Hartree-Fock mean field.
Contour-based image representation

This paper describes a contour-based representation of images. More particularly, we discuss a method of representing image data which is a resolution-independent scheme and can provide an interactive viewing capability for every user. In this method, a two dimensional (x,y) image is regarded as a curved surface in a three dimensional space having luminance/chrominance value of an image measured along z-axis. And an image is represented using contour lines which are contours of cross-sectional areas made by slicing a curved surface perpendicularly through z-axis. We also discuss a scheme for reconstructing images based on the proposed contour-based representation. Within the framework of image representation, contour lines are stored in a vector-coded format which is independent of the pixel resolution. Consequently a scalable representation algorithm can be realized, and it is possible to reconstruct image in quality which is in compliance with various kinds of user's requests.
Nick translation of active genes in intact nuclei.

Abstract Transcriptionally active genes in chromatin are maintained in a conformation such that they are exceedingly sensitive to attack by the enzyme DNase I. We have exploited this observation to introduce radioactive nucleotides specifically into active regions of the chromosome by performing nick translation reactions on intact nuclei. Nuclei are treated with low concentrations of DNase I such that active genes are nicked rather than solubilized. The subsequent addition of DNA polymerase I results in the incorporation of nucleotides at these nicked sites. This reaction results in the introduction of label into nucleosomal structures. Annealing reactions with the products of nuclear nick translation reactions and total cellular RNA or DNase I-treated DNA indicate that over 85% of the label is incorporated into sequences transcribed in the oviduct. Three enzymatic processes participate in this reaction. We have demonstrated that the discrimination we observe for active regions of chromatin is imparted by the nicking action of DNase I. These studies may now provide the technology necessary to effect the successful isolation of active genes from chromatin.
Glucoprivation in the ventrolateral medulla decreases brown adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity by decreasing the activity of neurons in raphé pallidus

In urethane/α-chloralose anesthetized rats, cold exposure increased brown adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity (BAT SNA: +699 ± 104% control). Intravenous administration of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG; 200 mg·ml−1·kg−1) reversed the cold-evoked activation of BAT SNA (nadir: 139 ± 36% of control) and decreased BAT temperature (−1.1 ± 0.2°C), expired CO2 (−0.4 ± 0.1%), and core temperature (−0.5 ± 0.0). Similarly, unilateral nanoinjection of the glucoprivic agent 5-thioglucose (5-TG; 12 μg/100 nl) in the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) completely reversed the cold-evoked increase in BAT SNA (nadir: 104 ± 7% of control), and decreased TBAT (−1.4 ± 0.3°C), expired CO2 (−0.2 ± 0.0%), and heart rate (−35 ± 10 beats/min). The percentage of rostral raphe pallidus (RPa)-projecting neurons in the dorsal hypothalamic area/dorsomedial hypothalamus that expressed Fos in response to cold exposure (ambient temperature: 4–10°C) did not differ between saline (28 ± 6%) and 2-DG (30 ± 5%) pretreated rats, whereas the percentage of spinally projecting neurons in the RPa/raphe magnus that expressed Fos in response to cold exposure was lower in 2-DG- compared with saline-pretreated rats (22 ± 6% vs. 42 ± 5%, respectively). The increases in BAT SNA evoked by nanoinjection of bicuculline in the RPa or by transection of the neuraxis at the pontomedullary border were resistant to inhibition by glucoprivation. These results suggest that neurons within the VLM play a role in the glucoprivic inhibition of BAT SNA and metabolism, that this inhibition requires neural structures rostral to the pontomedullary border, and that this inhibition is mediated by a GABAergic input to the RPa.
COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION DYNAMICS OF THE ENOLIC ACETONE CATION : EVIDENCE FOR NON-ERGODIC BEHAVIOR

Abstract Angle- and energy-resolved collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the enolic acetone cation to an acetyl cation plus methyl radical has been studied using the crossed-beam technique. The results, presented in the form of center-of-mass velocity contour plots, suggest that a single dynamical mechanism is followed in the CID of enolic acetone cation as the collision energy is increased from 3.4 eV to 41 eV (CM). When interpreted according to the usual two-step model for CID, our data show that energy deposition from translational to internal modes is about 2.6 ± 0.5 eV and is independent of collision energy. We also find that angular scattering is characterized by a constant reduced scattering angle, τ = Ecmθcm. The only decomposition path induced by collision with Ar and He in this energy range is the reaction producing acetyl cation and methyl radical. The simplest interpretation for this relatively large energy deposition and moderate reduced scattering angle parameter is that collisional activation proceeds mainly by electronic excitation, followed by rapid evolution of products onto the ground electronic state hypersurface of the keto ion. However, a low energy tail observed in the fragment ion kinetic energy distributions indicates that a significant fraction of collisionally activated ions survive for 2 to 10 μs before undergoing dissociation. This delayed CID is postulated to follow the same mechanism responsible for the unimolecular metastable dissociation of enolic acetone cations.
A mixed soft elastohydrodynamic lubrication model with interasperity cavitation and surface shear deformation

A deterministic mixed lubrication model, governing the interface between a moving smooth rigid surface and a stationary rough elastic surface, has been developed. Both the normal and shear deformations of the elastic surface are considered, as well as interasperity cavitation. Utilizing an analogy between the hydrodynamic lubrication (with cavitation) problem and the asperity contact problem, a generalized computational formulation is derived and a unique solution scheme constructed to solve these seemingly different problems. The model has been applied to the rotary lip seal, and used to predict the performance characteristics over a range of shaft speeds.
Effects of pilocarpine on salivary flow in patients with Sjo¨gren's syndrome

Pilocarpine, a muscarinic-cholinergic agonist drug, has been reported to stimulate salivary flow in patients with salivary gland dysfunction. Previous studies involved heterogenous groups of patients with salivary gland dysfunction and examined the short-term, single-dose, tablet form of pilocarpine. In this single-blind, placebo-controlled study we examined the long-term effects of pilocarpine administration on patients with definitively diagnosed Sjo¨gren's syndrome (SS). Nine subjects with SS who received pilocarpine, and nine age- and sex-matched SS control subjects who received a placebo, participated. Baseline predosing sialometric and clinical data were obtained for all subjects. The study group used 2% pilocarpine as a liquid ophthalmic drop preparation, four drops three times per day, for 6-weeks. Identically appearing placebo solution with the same dosing schedule and duration was used for the control subjects. Sialometric and clinical examinations were performed. The results indicated a significant overall increase in both whole unstimulated salivary flow (0.15 ± 0.03 ml/min in study subjects vs 0.02 ± 0.001 ml/min in control subjects;p < 0.001) and parotid stimulated salivary flow (0.14 ± 0.04 ml/min in study subjects vs 0.009 ± 0.002 ml/min in control subjects;p < 0.001) in the pilocarpine group as compared with the placebo group. The results of this study support the use of pilocarpine to increase salivary flow in patients with SS.
Economic Growth and the Changing Structure of Trade and Production in the Pacific Rim

growth have been in the range of 6-7% (Young). During this period, production and trade patterns in the Pacific Basin have undergone profound structural changes. In the last two decades, South Korea has moved from the production of labor-intensive manufactures to more capital and skill-intensive sectors. Thailand, traditionally an exporter of natural resource-based commodities, showed a sharp fall in its export share of agriculture and a sharp rise in the share of manufactures such as textiles and simple electronics (Gehlhar). In contrast, while the importance of agriculture in total North American output has fallen, its share in exports has remained stable in recent years, as export volumes continue to increase. The growth of total East Asian exports naturally coincides with rapid import growth. In order to expand their manufacturing capacity, East Asian countries have imported massive amounts of capital equipment. But expansion of the manufacturing sector also pulls labor away from agriculture, at the very time income growth is leading to increased per capita food demands. Therefore, we have seen a strong rise in the demand for farm and food imports in East Asia. Indeed, during the 1980s, this region emerged as the fastest growing market for agricultural commodities, accounting for the bulk of the increase in U.S. exports (USDA 1993a).
Localized bladder cancer.

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder makes up 90% of bladder cancers. The approach to the management of localized TCC includes accurate clinical and histologic diagnosis and staging with pathologic material obtained through endoscopy. Once the diagnosis of superficial TCC has been established, histologically based prognostic factors guide which therapy or combination of therapies is indicated in the management of individual patients. Surgery alone (transurethral resection) is appropriate initial therapy for noninvasive papillary TCC. For lamina propria invasive tumors and carcinoma in situ, intravesical immunotherapy with bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is often the first line of treatment to decrease tumor recurrence and to possibly decrease progression and improve survival. Intravesical chemotherapy and interferon are alternative therapies that can also decrease recurrence rates. For BCG-refractory TCC, durable response rates with alternative intravesical therapies are low. For superficial TCC that is refractory to endoscopic procedures and intravesical agents or for disease progression, radical cystectomy with neobladder formation or other forms of urinary diversion is the treatment of choice.
A future ICE (thermonuclear, that is!)

The advent of high-powered lasers has created quite a stir among nuclear physicists, who are enthusiastically examining the prospects of using these devices in a new approach to the problem of creating ultrahigh-temperature plasmas to maintain and control thermonuclear fusion. The idea of building ``modern internal combustion engines'' (ICE) based on this form of clean, efficient, and powerful energy was examined by Edward Teller at the 7th International Quantum Electronics Conference, Montreal, Canada, during May 8-11, 1972, where he deliberated upon the overwhelming engineering problems to be solved before such an engine could be realized. Dr. Teller's exciting commentary would have been lost had it not been for the attendance of Spectrum staff writer Marce Eleccion and the kind assistance of James R. Packard of the 3M Co., who tape-recorded Dr. Teller's remarks. Subsequently, Dr. Teller and Mr. Eleccion edited the tapes to produce this article. At the conference itself, the famed thermonuclear expert's unique sense of humor was exhibited when the session chairman (in his introductory remarks) confessed to the audience that he did not really know the content of the upcoming presentation, to which Dr. Teller replied: ``I might perhaps start by saying that I don't know either what I am going to tell you, and for that reason, I will listen very carefully and recommend the same to you.''
Changes in melanogenesis during the dedifferentiation of chick retinal pigment cells in cell culture

Abstract The gradual loss of melanin pigment (dedifferentiation) has been demonstrated in monolayer cultures of proliferating retinal pigment cells of the chick embryo. Pigment was resynthesized when depigmented cells were subsequently cultured as pellets in an organ culture technique. Culture experiments have demonstrated a correlation between diminished growth (cell division) and resynthesis of pigment when a certain minimal nutritional level was maintained in the culture medium. Crowding of depigmented cells could also induce melanin synthesis, apparently by inhibiting cell division. Three chemical characteristics of the melanin-synthesizing system in retinal pigment cells were investigated during the first 14 days in monolayer culture: (1) melanin concentration, (2) the activity of DOPA oxidase, and (3) the rate of the tyrosinase-dependent incorporation of C 14 -labeled tyrosine. All three characteristics declined rapidly during the first 4 days in culture. When melanin concentration and the levels of DOPA oxidase activity were correlated with the available cell division data, it appeared that changes in the rate of melanogenesis occurred prior to cell division. It was tentatively concluded that progressive dilution caused by a difference between the rates of cell division and melanogenesis is not the sole mechanism involved in retinal pigment cell dedifferentiation. Data from experiments with the incorporation of C 14 -labeled tyrosine and leucine into the acid-insoluble fraction of cultured cells suggested an inverse correlation between the rate of general protein synthesis and the rate of melanin synthesis. Nevertheless, general protein synthesis and melanin synthesis may be basically similar processes, since both were equally affected by puromycin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. The possibility of dedifferentiation being regulated at the level of protein synthesis was considered.
Compensation of coherence effects in an optical spectrum analyzer

An optical technique is described which is capable of compensating the effects of imperfect spatial coherent illumination on the performance of a modified Mach-Zehnder spectrum analyzer. Methods for experimentally determining the complex mutual coherence function of the illumination using the analyzer are also described. The addition to the system of a calibrated phase shifter controlled by a minicomputer is proposed, which permits the spectral amplitude and phase to be determined automatically in real time.
The Punk Show: Queering heritage in the Black diaspora

This article presents ethnography of Black cultural politics in post-flood New Orleans during the summer and fall of 2009. I engage in three interrelated subjects: (1) life histories and oral narratives in which I trace a history of Black queer performances locally referred to as “Punk Shows”; (2) my observations of a community play in which heritage, Black queer subjectivity, and the struggle over communal memory intersect; and (3) a broader discussion of the ways power is constituted by the shaping of history and communal memory to narrate race and sexuality. I argue that some ways of life are constructed as timeless, recuperable, and productive to the nation rather than ephemeral and contradictory. In arguing for a theory of Black queer generation, I deploy performance studies to valorize the “ephemeral” history of their cultural labor.
Spatial incoherence effects on seismic ground strains

Abstract The analysis and design of buried pipelines to resist seismic ground motions relies on estimates of the seismic ground strains. Current design considerations are based on the travelling wave assumption, which estimates the maximum ground strain along the pipeline from the ratio of the maximum velocity recorded at the site over the velocity of the apparent propagation of the motions; this assumption, however, ignores the contribution of spatial incoherence to the seismic strains. It is shown through strain and velocity simulations from a spatial variability model that the travelling wave assumption produces strain estimates that considerably underestimate the actual strains of the earthquake in near-source regions. It is also shown, that there exists a critical apparent propagation velocity of the seismic motions. For apparent propagation velocities higher than the critical value, seismic strains are essentially constant and controlled by the incoherence of the motions. For apparent propagation velocities lower than the critical value, the seismic strains gradually increase and, eventually, become proportional to the inverse propagation velocity.
Storm period hydrochemical response in an unforested Scottish catchment

Abstract The pH, electrical conductivity and runoff response of the Allt a Mharcaidh catchment is assessed for the period 1 November 1985 to 30 April 1986. Hydrographs generated by three distinct types of input are discussed; rain, snowmelt and rain-on-snow. Each produces a distinct response at the catchment outflow and the close relationship between discharge and pH emphasises the importance of hydrological factors in determining stream acidity. Interpreting the data with a view to identifying hydrological pathways, however, presents conflicting hypotheses. The data show that moorland catchments are susceptible to severe acid pulses, the most acidic being in response to snowmelt.
The influence of the host cell and trypsin treatment on bovine coronavirus infectivity.

Summary We examined the effect of trypsin on the infectivity of bovine coronavirus strain L9 (BCV-L9). Sets of cultures of human rectal tumor (HRT-18) cells, four clones of HRT-18 cells, and bovine fetal spleen (D2BFS) cells were infected in duplicate with serial dilutions of BCV-L9. Infected cultures were propagated in trypsin-containing or trypsin-free medium, and virus yields were measured as plaque forming units (PFU) and hemagglutination (HA) titers. The effect of trypsin was assessed by comparing PFU:HA ratios obtained in the presence and absence of trypsin. Trypsin-enhanced infectivity was evident in cultures of HRT-18 parent cells, D2BFS cells, and 3 of the 4 HRT-18 clones when the cultures were inoculated with high dilutions of virus. The degree of enhancement varied between the different cell cultures. The data indicate that trypsin modification influences BCV infectivity, but this effect depends on the host cell. The effect of different trypsin-treatment conditions on the production of infectious virus was explored with D2BFS cells. Treatment of D2BFS cells with trypsin prior to infection had no effect on virus yield. The presence of trypsin in culture medium of infected cells resulted in significantly enhanced virus yields. Zusammenfassung Der Einflus von Wirtszelle und Trypsinbehandlung auf die Infektiositat boviner Coronaviren Der Einflus von Trypsin auf die Infektiositat des bovinen Coronavirusstammes L9 (BCV-L9) wurde untersucht. Dazu wurden menschliche Rektaltumorzellen (HRT-18), vier Zellklone der HRT-18-Zellen und bovine fotale Milzzellen (D2BFS) im Doppelansatz mit Verdunnungsreihen von BCV-L9 infiziert. Infizierte Kulturen erhielten Medium mit oder ohne Trypsin, und die Virusernten wurden als Plaque-bildende Einheiten (PBE) bzw. Hamagglutinationstiter (HA) gemessen. Der Einflus von Trypsin wurde durch das in An- oder Abwesenheit von Trypsin erhaltene Verhaltnis von PBE zu HA abgeschatzt. Eine Erhohung der Infektiositat durch Trypsin wurde in HRT-18- und D2BFS-Zellen sowie in drei der vier Subklone von HRT-18-Zellen beobachtet, wenn die Kulturen mit hohen Verdunnungen von BCV infiziert worden waren. Der Grad der Erhohung war jedoch bei den einzelnen Zellkulturen unterschiedlich. Die Daten weisen darauf hin, das Trypsin die Infektiositat von BCV beeinflust, wobei dieser Effekt aber von der Wirtszelle abhangt. Der Effekt unterschiedlicher Trypsin-Behandlungsverfahren auf die Ausbeute an infektiosem BCV wurde in D2BFS-Zellen untersucht. Trypsinbehandlung dieser Zellen vor der Infektion hatte keinen Einflus auf die Virusausbeute. Die Gegenwart von Trypsin im Medium infizierter Zellen ergab dagegen signifikant hohere Ausbeuten an infektiosem Virus.
Rates of cholesterol exchange between human erythrocytes and plasma lipoproteins

Rates of exchange of labelled cholesterol between human erythrocytes and three plasma lipoprotein species, LDL, HDL2 and HDL3, were measured over a range of lipoprotein concentrations and temperatures. The exchange rates reached limiting, concentration-independent values, which were the same for the three lipoproteins. The temperature dependencies correspond to activation energies of 12 kcal in the limiting rate region, and at lower lipoprotein concentrations to activation energies of 11 to 22 kcal. Calculations based on simple collision theory indicate that energetic barriers to the exchange are far smaller than indicated by these activation energies and that no particular orientation of lipoprotein molecules is required for the exchange. The occurrence of a limiting rate may be a result of the adsorption of lipoprotein molecules onto a limited number of sites on the cell surface, or of a slow process occurring in the membrane, possibly the diffusion of cholesterol. Present data do not permit a choice between these models.
Is Laparoscopic Resection Appropriate for Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

Oncologic safety has now been demonstrated for laparoscopy-assisted surgery for colon adenocarcinoma after 3 and 5 years of follow-up. Pooled data from large multicenter and smaller single-center trials demonstrate that the modality conveys significant short-term benefits as compared with open surgery, although the full potential has probably not yet been reached. Currently, the data supports improvements in wound morbidity, intraoperative blood loss, narcotic analgesia requirements, time to resumption of bowel movements, and time to discharge from hospital. There is a large potential for improved short-term results when combined with current and developing enhanced-recovery programs. For rectal cancer, the role of laparoscopic surgery is less clear. Data from the first large multicenter trial suggest that laparoscopic dissection may compromise the circumferential resection margin, and this issue will be the focus of ongoing and planned trials. Certain short-term benefits have been shown in pooled analyses of smaller nonrandomized trials, such as a decrease in overall morbidity and a marked reduction of duration of postoperative hospital stay.
In the name of …: Legitimate interactants in the dialogue of prayer

Abstract Prayer, it is said, is a communicative act, a conscious dialogue. But with whom does the supplicant speak? How do individuals conceptualize and choose their partners in prayerful interaction? Many explain an individual's choice of prayer “target” with reference to religious affiliation. But in this paper, we suggest religious affiliation tells only part of the story. If prayer is truly a communicative act, then selecting a co-interactant should involve additional social factors—factors beyond the directives of religious socialization or doctrine. To explore this idea, we spoke to 100 individuals regarding their prayer practices. We found that respondents’ selection of appropriate prayer targets is influenced by (1) characteristics of individuals’ social profiles, including not simply religious affiliation but gender, marital status, and occupation; (2) individuals’ interactive intent—i.e. the purpose or goal of their prayers and (3) individuals’ prayer “histories”—i.e. their perceptions of the targets that regularly respond to their appeals. These findings suggest that prayer is much more than a ritual ordained by religious training—the product of what Jerolmack and Porpora call “uncritical habituation” (2004: 157). Rather, prayer is enacted and perceived in accord with the norms and practices that guide broader, more secular sites of interaction and exchange. While prayer presumably transports individuals to an other-worldly domain, it nevertheless originates from a worldly place with shared behavioral rules and expectations.
Glycerolipid formation from sn-glycerol-3-phosphate by rat liver cell fractions. The role of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase.

Abstract The rate of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate incorporation into glycerolipids by rat liver microsomal and homogenate preparations was compared with the activity of the individual reactions in triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Microsomal phosphatidate phosphohydrolase was the least active reaction in this pathway when measured with either an aqueous dispersion of phosphatidate or microsomal bound phosphatidate. When supernatant phosphatidate phosphohydrolase was added to microsomes, diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol increased but the ratio of diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol to phosphatidate remained less than one. These results indicate that phosphatidate phosphohydrolase may be the rate limiting reaction in diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol formation by liver cells. The characteristics of liver microsomal and supernatant phosphatidate phosphohydrolase were studied further. The results show (I) microsomal activity was higher with an aqueous dispersion of phosphatidate while the supernatant enzyme was more active with microsomal bound substrate, (2) Mg2+ activates microsomal but not supernatant phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, (3) optimum microsomal bound phosphatidate substrate levels were 5-fold greater for microsomes than supernatant, (4) most divalent cations inhibit phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity in both fractions.
Local water slamming impact on sandwich composite hulls

Abstract The local water slamming refers to the impact of a part of a ship hull on stationary water for a short duration during which high local pressures occur on the hull. We simulate slamming impact of rigid and deformable hull bottom panels by using the coupled Lagrangian and Eulerian formulation included in the commercial software LS-DYNA. We use the Lagrangian formulation to describe plane-strain deformations of the hull panel and consider geometric nonlinearities. The Eulerian formulation is used to analyze deformations of the water. Deformations of the hull panel and of the water are coupled through the hydrodynamic pressure exerted by water on the hull, and the velocity of particles on the hull wetted surface affecting deformations of the water. The continuity of surface tractions and the inter-penetrability of water into the hull are satisfied by using a penalty method. The computer code is verified by showing that the computed pressure distributions for water slamming on rigid panels agree well with those reported in the literature. The pressure distributions computed for deformable panels are found to differ from those obtained by using a plate theory and Wagner's slamming impact theory. We have also delineated jet flows near the edges of the wetted hull, and studied delamination induced in a sandwich composite panel due to the hydroelastic pressure.
Overcoming Genesis Mission Design Challenges

Abstract Genesis is the fifth mission selected as part of NASA's Discovery Program. The objective of Genesis is to collect solar wind samples for a period of approximately 2 years while in a halo orbit about the Sun–Earth colinear libration point, L1, located between the Sun and Earth. At the end of this period, the spacecraft follows a free-return trajectory with the samples delivered to a specific recovery point on the Earth for subsequent analysis. This type of sample return has never been attempted before and presents a formidable challenge, particularly with regard to planning and execution of propulsive maneuvers. Moreover, since the original inception, additional challenges have arisen as a result of emerging spacecraft design concerns and operational constraints. This paper will describe how these challenges have been met to date in the context of the better-faster-cheaper paradigm. [This paper addresses an earlier mission design, as of May 2000.]
Cardiac Arrest Caused by Trigeminal Neuralgia

A 67-year-old man with a 12-year history of trigeminal neuralgia experienced multiple fainting episodes preceded by right facial pain. One episode resulted in cardiac arrest with successful resuscitation. Pacemaker insertion prevented further episodes of syncope despite the occurrence of pain. The fainting episodes and cardiac arrest are believed to be unusual manifestations of trigeminal neuralgia.
Abstract 671: Smoking, alcohol consumption and body size measures and risk of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma among women in Los Angeles

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Background: There are few known causes for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The aim of this study is to identify if previous suggested modifiable risk factors (smoking, alcohol consumption and body size measures) are associated with B-cell NHL risk among women. Methods: We conducted a population-based case-control study among women in Los Angeles County consisting of 998 histologically confirmed B-cell NHL patients and 998 individually matched controls (matched on age, race and socioeconomic status). Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate these associations. Results: Compared to never smokers, current smokers had 51% increased risk of B-cell NHL (odds ratio [OR] =1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.10-2.09). The risk of B-cell NHL increased with increasing smoking years (P-trend=0.03) and pack-years (P-trend=0.02). This risk pattern was observed for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma, and mantle cell lymphoma although these associations were not statistically significant. Current alcohol consumption decreased B-cell NHL risk (OR=0.75, 95% CI=0.60-0.94) with risk most pronounced among women with moderate lifetime consumption (1-<7 drinks/week). Women who were obese at 5 years before diagnosis had an increased risk of B-cell NHL (OR=1.70, 95% CI=1.28-2.26). Among NHL subtypes, the increased risk was most pronounced for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) (OR=1.94, 95% CI=1.07-3.52). Conclusions: These findings add to the literature regarding the potential importance of modifiable risk factors and NHL risk. Our results suggest that smoking and obesity may increase NHL risk, but moderate alcohol consumption may reduce NHL risk. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 671. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-671
Heroes Don't Cheat: An Examination of Academic Dishonesty and Students' Views on Why Professors Don't Report Cheating

Some students do not cheat. Students high in measures of bravery, honesty, and empathy, our defining characteristics of heroism, report less past cheating than other students. These student heroes also reported that they would feel more guilt if they cheated and also reported less intent to cheat in the future than nonheroes. We find general consensus between students and professors as to reasons for the nonreporting of cheating, suggesting a general impression of insufficient evidence, lack of courage, and denial. Suggested interventions in academia are based in positive psychology and an understanding of academic heroes.
The semantics of children's language.

Interest in language, especially that of children, has become a central concern of contemporary psychology- This interest is somewhat surprising, because everyone recognizes the enormous complexity of language use and language development >in the child. . In spite of a widespread recognition that there is little hope of having a complete theory of these matters at any time in the near future, a general air of activity and in some cases of optimism prevails about the progress being made. For example, it is now possible to cite a fairly large number of references in the literature on almost any aspect of language development in the child, ranging from phonology to semantic comprehension, with probably the largest number of studies being on the syntactical or grammatical development of children’s language. It is surely in this area that the most progress has been made over the past decade or decade and a half.
Digital photography and journals in a kindergarten-first-grade classroom: Toward meaningful technology integration in early childhood education

To explore meaningful and effective technology integration in early childhood education, we investigated how kindergarten–first-grade students created and employed digital photography journals to support social and cognitive reflection. These students used a digital camera to document their daily school activities and created digital photo journals to represent their experiences. Ethnographic video data, field notes, and student journals were examined using a grounded theory approach. Results reveal that when students took pictures, they successfully negotiated their dual roles of photographer and participant in other activities. In the process, the children meaningfully integrated technology into their classroom activities, as well as transformed the nature of the social space surrounding the computer where children created their journals. Furthermore, the journals illustrated children's complex and varied types of cognitive and social reflections. Based on these results, we discuss implications for mean...
Elemental analysis of Spanish moss using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Abstract NIST archival leaf standards are used as matrix matched standards for reliable quantitative elemental analysis of Spanish moss samples by LA (laser ablation)–ICP (inductively coupled plasma)–MS (mass spectrometry). Mixed standards are used to produce at least three data points for each calibration curve. The results obtained are compared to that obtained from microwave digestion ICP–MS/AES. For most of the elements studied, the results for the two methods agreed. Iron (Fe) is exceptional in that a discrepancy of ca. 10-fold in results occurred using the two methods. This is believed to have been caused by an interference of ArOH + at mass 57. Standard addition was also studied and results showed that it is an effective method when matrix-matched standards are not available.
A new maintenance strategy for the reduction of failure rate of distribution cables

The high failure rate of distribution cables is a nerve-racking problem for electricity supply industry. The failure of a cable could result in blackout of a certain area, often causing some disturbance to important customers. Since there are thousands of kilometers of distribution cables in a utility, the failure rate is a critical issue in electricity supply reliability. It is therefore important to implement advanced maintenance and testing strategies so that the number of in-service failures can be reduced. In this paper, is presented a new strategy which was successfully applied to the maintenance of 6.6kV cables in a utility and reduced the annual failure rate to one-third.
Follow‐Up: The Stepchild of the Guidance Family

H; FOLLOW-UP SERVICE of the guidance T program is like Mark Twain’s weather. Everybody talks about i t but nobody does anything about it. Or should one say a 90 per cent truth? A few people have done something about the followup service, though very little in comparison with what might be done. Let i t be clearly understood that the service under consideration, as far as carefully defined vocational guidance is concerned, is that which has been given to one who has already been assisted by. the vocational information, self-inventory, personal data collecting, counseling, vocational preparatory and placement services in choosing, preparing for, and entering upon an occupation. The follow-up service is for the purpose of assisting the particular individual to progress in his chosen vocation. This limitation of the term involves no reflection on the numerous follow-up studies of an entire graduating class or other large group. Such studies may furnish valuable data regarding the effectiveness of the guidance program, show up curriculum strengths and weaknesses, and supply material for use in gaining popular support for the program. One may well be disturbed by the thought that the 25 t o 40 per cent of the group who did not return their questionnaires might have supplied information startlingly more significant than was obtained. Also, it must be kept in mind that such studies have little value unless the information obtained is actually used to improve conditions. Despite their limitations let more of these studies be made and their results used to the best possible advantage. ‘ Of course this is only a half-truth. However, follow-up stadits must not be confused with, nor substituted for, the follow-up service. The former is a mass undertaking and the latter an individualized effort. The former is soon finished and gives a still picture of conditions at the time the study was made. The latter continues over a considerable period of time and gives a moving picture of conditions and needs at the same time that it serves these needs. Some of the information gathered through the former method might be used (but seldom is) in serving the needs of those individuals who return the questionnaires. For example, in a follow-up study of some 3,000 graduates of a state university made in the 1930’s, it was found that a happy-go-lucky young woman teacher, only a few months out of college, was spending more hours each week on motion pictures, dancing, and bridge than on her teaching duties, and no time a t all on unpaid community service. This young woman was not given the help she needed. However, the study was not made for that purpose. Nor was any organization available to give such help to her and her former students.
Experimental Evaluation of the Effects of a Research-Based Preschool Mathematics Curriculum:

A randomized-trials design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a preschool mathematics program based on a comprehensive model of researchbased curricula development. Thirty-six preschool classrooms were assigned to experimental (Building Blocks), comparison (a different preschool mathematics curriculum), or control conditions. Children were individually pre- and posttested, participating in 26 weeks of instruction in between. Observational measures indicated that the curricula were implemented with fidelity, and the experimental condition had significant positive effects on classrooms’ mathematics environment and teaching. The experimental group score increased significantly more than the comparison group score (effect size = 0.47) and the control group score (effect size = 1.07). Early interventions can increase the quality of the mathematics environment and help preschoolers develop a foundation of mathematics knowledge.
Modeling and electronic implementation of directional selectivity

A shunting model of motion detection treatment is proposed and implemented. It is analyzed using a perturbational technique to model the behavior and extract the velocity information including both direction and speed. The model's properties are illustrated by constructing a simple hardware analogue circuit. Response of the circuit to a variety of stimulus distributions show that the output is sensitive to speed and also is markedly different for movement in opposite directions. In order to analyze the behavior of the model, a perturbational technique is developed which describes the input-output relation in the form of a Volterra integral series. It is shown that the velocity term can be identified with the second order kernel while the second order Volterra operator is a running autocorrelation operator. This is in agreement with alternative methods of motion information analysis. >
Enhanced resolution of DNA restriction fragments: A procedure by two-dimensional electrophoresis and double-labeling

Abstract A probe-free method was developed to detect DNA rearrangement in bacteria based on the electrophoretic separation of twice-digested restriction fragments of genomic DNA into a two-dimensional (2-D) pattern. The first restriction enzyme digestion was done in solution, followed by electrophoresis of the restriction fragments in one dimension. A second restriction enzyme digestion was carried out in situ in the gel, followed by electrophoresis in a second dimension perpendicular to the first electrophoresis. The 2-D pattern provides for the resolution of 300-400 spots, which are defined and indexed by an "x,y" coordinate system with size markers. This approach has greatly increased the resolution power over conventional one-dimensional (1-D) electrophoresis. To study DNA rearrangement, a 2-D pattern from a test strain was compared with the 2-D pattern from a reference strain. After the first digestion, genomic DNA fragments from the test strain were labeled with 35S, while those from the reference strain were labeled with 35P. This was done to utilize the difference in the energy emission of 35S and 32P isotopes for autoradiography when two x-ray films were exposed simultaneously on top of the gel after the 2-D electrophoresis. The irradiation from the decay of 35S exposed only the lower film, whereas the irradiation from the decay of 32P exposed both the lower and upper films. Different DNA fragments existed in the test DNA compared with the reference DNA can be identified unambiguously by the differential two 2-D patterns produced on two films upon exposure to the 35S and 32P fragments in the same gel. An appropriate photographic procedure further simplified the process, allowing only the difference in DNA fragments between these two patterns to be shown in the map. We have utilized the difference map obtained from Escherichia coli strains HB101 and HB101 (lambda) genomic DNA to show the incorporation of one copy of phage lambda DNA without the use of a lambda DNA probe. This is the same test system that was used previously.