cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Large data analysis of different sensory modalities

We exam the historical remote digital video and in situ analog acoustic data analyses from the modern Large Data Analysis standpoint. We discussed a potential automation from traditional search engine to modern one. We exam the mathematic theory to answer where the nonlinear dimensional analysis assume a local flat space where linear eigenvalue provided the independent components, then the component is extrapolated to original nonlinear space and assume the local flat reduction remains meaningful at global nonlinear domain.
A Comparative Study of Local Matching Approach for Face Recognition

In contrast to holistic methods, local matching methods extract facial features from different levels of locality and quantify them precisely. To determine how they can be best used for face recognition, we conducted a comprehensive comparative study at each step of the local matching process. The conclusions from our experiments include: (1) additional evidence that Gabor features are effective local feature representations and are robust to illumination changes; (2) discrimination based only on a small portion of the face area is surprisingly good; (3) the configuration of facial components does contain rich discriminating information and comparing corresponding local regions utilizes shape features more effectively than comparing corresponding facial components; (4) spatial multiresolution analysis leads to better classification performance; (5) combining local regions with Borda count classifier combination method alleviates the curse of dimensionality. We implemented a complete face recognition system by integrating the best option of each step. Without training, illumination compensation and without any parameter tuning, it achieves superior performance on every category of the FERET test: near perfect classification accuracy (99.5%) on pictures taken on the same day regardless of indoor illumination variations, and significantly better than any other reported performance on pictures taken several days to more than a year apart. The most significant experiments were repeated on the AR database, with similar results.
Calculation of vibronic couplings for phenoxyl/phenol and benzyl/toluene self-exchange reactions: implications for proton-coupled electron transfer mechanisms.

The vibronic couplings for the phenoxyl/phenol and the benzyl/toluene self-exchange reactions are calculated with a semiclassical approach, in which all electrons and the transferring hydrogen nucleus are treated quantum mechanically. In this formulation, the vibronic coupling is the Hamiltonian matrix element between the reactant and product mixed electronic−proton vibrational wavefunctions. The magnitude of the vibronic coupling and its dependence on the proton donor−acceptor distance can significantly impact the rates and kinetic isotope effects, as well as the temperature dependences, of proton-coupled electrontransfer reactions. Both of these self-exchange reactions are vibronically nonadiabatic with respect to a solvent environment at room temperature, but the proton tunneling is electronically nonadiabatic for the phenoxyl/phenol reaction and electronically adiabatic for the benzyl/toluene reaction. For the phenoxyl/phenol system, the electrons are unable to rearrange fast enough to follow the prot...
The relationship between membrane potential and Ca2+ fluxes in isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles.

The absorption and fluorescence of cyanine, oxonol and merocyanine dyes are sensitive to changes in membrane potential [ 11. Although the optical response is usually complicated by contributions from cation binding [2,3], under carefully defined conditions the probes are reliable indicators of membrane potential in subcellular particles and in living cells. This report deals with the relationship between ion diffusion potential and the flux of calcium ions in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle. The cyanine dye @i-O-C,(5)) was used as potential probe. Two questions were investigated. 1. Do potential changes accompany the ATP-mediated active uptake [4] and the (ADP + P&induced release of Ca2’ [5] by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles? 2. What is the influence of artificially-imposed membrane potential upon the rate of Ca2’ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum? Amherst College, Amherst, MA. Methanesulfonic acid and Di-0X2(5) were obtained from Eastman Kodak, Rochester, NY. Egg phosphatidylcholine was purchased from Sylvana Chemical Co., Millburn, NJ, chlortetracycline from Sigma Chemical Co., St Louis, MO, and arsenazo III from Aldrich Chemical Co ., Milwaukee, WI.
Oxandrolone treatment of childhood hereditary angioedema.

Background The virilizing effects of danazol, stanozolol, and methyltestosterone significantly restrict the usefulness of these agents in the treatment of children with hereditary angioedema (HAE). Oxandrolone is a synthetic anabolic steroid with limited virilizing effects that has been used in a variety of pediatric conditions and has an acceptable safety profile. Objective To report the effective use of oxandrolone in a 6-year-old boy with recurrent, life-threatening episodes of angioedema. Methods Oxandrolone was administered at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg per day. Symptoms and laboratory findings were evaluated by parental report and laboratory analysis of serum C1 esterase inhibitor and C4 levels, respectively. Results Oxandrolone therapy resulted in a marked reduction in clinical episodes and normalization of serum complement levels; cessation of oxandrolone therapy resulted in recurrence of symptoms and decreased complement levels. However, early signs of virilization were noted. Conclusions Oxandrolone treatment was associated with significant clinical and laboratory evidence of a therapeutic effect in a prepuberal boy with HAE. It is imperative to treat HAE with the lowest dose of oxandrolone that controls life-threatening episodes of angioedema.
For a Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious Scientific Geography

Contemporary geographic thought finds scientific approaches triangulated by critiques launched by various political economy, feminist, and poststructuralist positions. In aiming their conceptual arsenal at fixed understandings of scientific geography, however, such critiques run the danger of essentializing their intended target. Moreover, in the consequent stabilization of the trajectories taken by these critiques, the process of criticism itself becomes an unreflexive exercise. In this paper we deploy the resources of poststructuralism to achieve an antiessentialist reading of scientific geography that moves beyond mere repudiation and seeks instead to identify a redemptive moment within this constellation of ideas and practices. To do so, we draw upon a modern-day parable–Mary Poppins–whose film version we read as offering a panoramic on theoretical divisions in geography. Though ostensibly a story about an all-too-perfect nanny, the film's key protagonists serve as allegorical figures animating our analysis. Fortunately for all concerned, the banker/patriarch comes to the realization that he too can countermand rather than reproduce the fixed spaces of everyday life.
Effect of lamivudine treatment on survival of 309 North American patients awaiting liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis B

The primary aim of this study is to determine whether treatment with lamivudine improved pre-liver transplantation (pre-LT) and LT-free survival of patients awaiting LT for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related cirrhosis. Data from 162 lamivudine-treated and 147 untreated transplant candidates managed at 20 North American transplant centers between 1996 and 1998 were collected and compared. Lamivudine-treated patients were more likely to be men, hepatitis B e antigen positive, HBV DNA positive, and have lower serum albumin levels at listing (P <.05). Actuarial pre-LT and LT-free survival were similar in lamivudine-treated and untreated patients. Using Cox regression analysis, the only significant predictor of pre-LT patient survival was the modified Child-Turcotte-Pugh (mCTP) score, whereas significant predictors of LT-free survival included ethnic background, lamivudine treatment, indication for LT, baseline serum alanine aminotransferase level, and baseline mCTP score. Lamivudine had no apparent effect on liver disease severity in patients undergoing LT, but appeared to improve disease severity in patients still awaiting LT. Breakthrough infection was noted in 11% of lamivudine-treated patients. We conclude that lamivudine therapy is not associated with improved pre-LT or LT-free survival in LT candidates with chronic hepatitis B. However, a subset of patients with less advanced liver failure may derive clinical benefit from lamivudine therapy, thus delaying the need for LT. In the absence of prospective, randomized, controlled trials of lamivudine in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, careful selection of patients and optimal timing of treatment are needed to balance the risk versus benefit of lamivudine therapy in LT candidates.
Compliance with stimulants for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: issues and approaches for improvement.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects approximately 8–10% of school-aged children in the US and for many individuals persists into adolescence and adulthood. Both pharmacological and nonpharmacological (behavioural) therapies are used to treat individuals with ADHD. Treatment with stimulant medications, which include methylphenidate and amphetamine, typically requires multiple daily doses to maintain efficacy. The frequency of treatment, coupled with the importance of timing of doses and the long-term nature of treatment, make noncompliance a particular issue in the treatment of ADHD. Studies report noncompliance rates of 20–65% with stimulant treatment, although there are only limited published studies and these show considerable individual variation. Noncompliance can arise through inadequate supervision of those receiving medication, leading to delayed or missed doses, or through the reluctance of individuals to take medication, which is influenced by a number of factors (e.g. social attitudes, pressures or worries surrounding medication use and the inconvenience of multiple daily doses). Two approaches are likely to increase compliance with stimulant treatment: effective once-daily formulations of medication and improved treatment information. The development of effective once-daily formulations for stimulant treatments removes the need for multiple daily doses, with the associated problems of ensuring adequate treatment supervision and personal privacy. Improved provision of education and information for individuals with ADHD, as well as their families and teachers, should help them address the issues surrounding stimulant medication and allow full participation in the treatment process. Together, these strategies should improve treatment compliance for individuals with ADHD.
iFind—a system for semantics and feature based image retrieval over Internet

iFind© (v 1.0) is a web based image retrieval system developed at Microsoft Research China. It provides the functionalities of keyword based image search, query by image example, category based image browsing, relevance feedback, and semi-automatic image annotation. The key technology in the system is the integrated semantics and feature based image retrieval and relevance feedback approach, which will be presented in our paper in the ACM Multimedia 2000 Proceedings [1]. When the user provides feedback images, the system can refine the retrieval result based on the user's feedback. In the meantime, the system updates the annotation of feedback images by increasing the linkage to the positive examples' annotation and decreasing the linkage to the negative examples' annotation. The updated annotation can further help to improve image retrieval results of the system in later use.
Speech errors reflect the phonotactic constraints in recently spoken syllables, but not in recently heard syllables

Adults rapidly learn phonotactic constraints from brief production or perception experience. Three experiments asked whether this learning is modality-specific, occurring separately in production and perception, or whether perception transfers to production. Participant pairs took turns repeating syllables in which particular consonants were restricted to particular syllable positions. Speakers' errors reflected learning of the constraints present in the sequences they produced, regardless of whether their partner produced syllables with the same constraints, or opposing constraints. Although partial transfer could be induced (Experiment 3), simply hearing and encoding syllables produced by others did not affect speech production to the extent that error patterns were altered. Learning of new phonotactic constraints was predominantly restricted to the modality in which those constraints were experienced.
Pseudohydronephrosis on bone scan due to crossed renal ectopia

We present a patient with crossed renal ectopia whose bone scan gave the appearance of unilateral hydronephrosis with contralateral absent or nonfunctioning kidney. An excretory urogram revealed crossed renal ectopia without obstruction. The axiom that unilateral absence of a kidney without previous nephrectomy should stimulate a search for ectopic kidney applies equally well to the bone scan as to the excretory urogram.
The fate of polymeric and secretory immunoglobulin A after retrograde infusion into the common bile duct in rats

In the rat, plasma IgA is rapidly endocytosed by hepatocytes and translocated to the bile via a receptor-mediated vesicular transport system which appears to remain intact even during cholestasis. During the latter phenomenon, there is an accumulation of secretory IgA (sIgA) in plasma. These data suggest that biliary IgA can be regurgitated into the plasma compartment. The present study was designed to determine the location and mechanism(s) by which this might occur. 125I-labeled human polymeric IgA (pIgA) or sIgA was infused retrograde into the rat common bile duct at a flow rate of 20 microliter per min (5 to 10 micrograms per min pIgA; 7 micrograms per min sIgA) over 1 hr. Blood and liver samples were collected 10, 30 and 60 min, and radioactivity determined. Radioactive label appeared in the blood by 10 min and increased linearly with time. By 30 min, however, the liver had reached saturation. All of the label found in the blood was intact starting material, i.e., pIgA or sIgA. Electron microscopic autoradiography analysis clearly demonstrated the presence of grains in vesicles in hepatocyte pericanalicular cytoplasm, as well as in vesicles near the sinusoidal plasma membrane. No grains were observed associated with bile duct or ductule epithelium at any time period. Further, there was no grain accumulation near the parenchymal cell intercellular spaces indicating that paracellular flow plays little or no role in large protein regurgitation. In addition, by 60 min, there were grains associated with Kupffer cells. These data provide the first evidence that hepatocytes, during times of elevated biliary pressure can readily transport macromolecules from bile to plasma via nonreceptor-mediated membrane-limited vesicles.
Action potential duration restitution portraits of mammalian ventricular myocytes: role of calcium current.

Construction of the action potential duration (APD) restitution portrait allows visualization of multiple aspects of the dynamics of periodically paced myocytes at various basic cycle lengths (BCLs). For the first time, we obtained the restitution portrait of isolated rabbit and guinea pig cardiac ventricular myocytes and analyzed the time constant, τ, of APD accommodation and the slopes of different types of restitution curves, Sdyn and S12, measured at varying BCLs. Our results indicate that both τ and the individual slopes are species and pacing dependent. In contrast, the mutual relationship between slopes Sdyn and S12 does not depend on pacing history, being a generic feature of the species. In addition, the maximum slope S12, measured in the restitution portrait at the lowest BCL, predicts the onset of alternans. Further, we investigated the role of the L-type calcium current, ICa-L, in the restitution portrait. We found that ICa-L dramatically affects APD accommodation, as well as the individual slopes Sdyn and S12 measured in the restitution portrait. However, peak calcium current plays a role only at small values of BCL. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that the restitution portrait is a powerful technique to investigate restitution properties of periodically paced cardiac myocytes and the onset of alternans, in particular. Moreover, the data also show that ICa-L plays a crucial role in multiple aspects of cardiac dynamics measured through the restitution portrait.
The effects of enclomiphene and zuclomiphene citrates on mouse embryos fertilized in vitro and in vivo

Abstract The ovulatory agent clomiphene citrate, a racemic mixture of the estrogenic zuclomiphene and antiestrogenic enclomiphene isomers, has been associated with gamete/embryo toxicity in various animal models. To assess the potential effects of these isomers on fertilization and early embryogenesis, 3200 embryos were obtained from mouse oocytes fertilized in vivo and in vitro and exposed to increasing concentrations of zuclomiphene, enclomiphene, and clomiphene citrate in culture. Fertilization rates (p
Die verkehrte Bekehrung in Goethes Faust

Im Zentrum dieses Aufsatzes steht die Ubersetzungsszene, in der Goethe die “grose Lucke” in Faust I—das Problem der Begegnung zwischen Faust und Mephistopheles—uberwand. Die Losung besteht, so meine These, in der Betonung von Struktur, Motivik und Vokabular des hagiographischen Bekehrungsschemas, das der Faustlegende ohnehin angehort und das Goethe nicht zuletzt aufgrund seiner Erfahrung mit dem Pietismus beschaftigte. Diese Tendenz kulminiert in der Ubersetzungsszene: in seiner Bemuhung, Transzendenz zu erleben, inszeniert Faust eine Bekehrungsszene, die jedoch letztlich an seinem modernen Selbstverstandnis scheitert. Zwar kommt es bei ihm zu einer Art ‘Neugeburt,’ aber an der Stelle der erwarteten Hinwendung zu Gott erfolgt seine Verbindung mit dem Teufel und insofern eine verkehrte Bekehrung. Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass jede Bekehrungsbeschreibung zugleich einen bestimmten Subjektivitatsentwurf impliziert, lese ich diese verkehrte Bekehrung vor dem Hintergrund einer Veranderung des Subjektbegriffs um 1800 als eine poetische Auseinandersetzung mit der Dialektik der modernen Subjektivitat.
Light at the end of the VOD tunnel

Reduced-intensity allogeneic transplants have become widely used to reduce treatment-related morbidity and mortality (TRM) while maintaining an immunologic (graft versus tumor) response against host tumor cells. These regimens have primarily been used for older patients, those with more indolent
Integration of Social Justice Into the Teaching of Evaluation

This article argues that social justice should be included in evaluation education as a fundamental value in evaluation practice. A social justice orientation will provide students with a perspective that will enable them to challenge existing evaluation hegemonic ontological, epistemological, theoretical, and methodological practices that diminish groups at the margins of society and normalize injustice. We suggest four major areas where educators can intersect social justice and evaluation in classroom and field experiences. These include intersecting social justice with evaluation (a) theoretical knowledge, (b) methodological knowledge, (c) interpersonal knowledge, and (d) professionalism. Further, we maintain that a social justice orientation can be evident in pedagogical approaches and the professors’ articulation of students’ expected learning outcomes. Selected readings and various activities are provided that educators can utilize to integrate social justice, evaluation theory, and methodology in graduate training in an effort to produce a more critical evaluator.
Bloat in Cattle and Composition of Rumen Gases

Summary The hydrogen sulfide content of the rumen gas of bloated and nonbloated cows on alfalfa pasture was measured in 8 trials by an iodometric method especially adapted for this purpose. The rumen gas contained, on the average of 26 titrations, 0.11 ± 0.01 per cent hydrogen sulfide by volume. There was no relation between hydrogen sulfide concentration and bloat. The rumen gas contained on the average 67 per cent carbon dioxide, 26 per cent methane, and less than 1 per cent oxygen. The concentration of these gases was not related to bloat. This result supports the theory that bloat is caused, not by abnormal gas formation, but by a lack of belching.
Mössbauer studies of REFe2Si2 (RE=Gd-Lu) compounds

Abstract Magnetic transition temperatures and results of 57 Fe, 155 Gd, 166 Er and 170 Yb Mossbauer effect studies of REFe 2 Si 2 compounds are presented. The 57 Fe Mossbauer effect establishes that Fe never has a magnetic moment in these materials. Line broadenings seen in low temperature 57 Fe spectra are attributed to polarization of conduction electrons at the Fe site due to rare-earth magnetic ordering (or slow relaxation). The lattice-generated electric field gradient at the RE site, deduced from the 155 Gd quadrupole interaction in GdFe 2 Si 2 , is used to produce a crystalline electric field model for the magnetic behavior of the other members of this isostructural series. This model is instrumental in understanding the 166 Er Mossbauer effect in ErFe 2 Si 2 and 170 Yb Mossbauer effect in YbFe 2 Si 2 .
A Polymer's Dielectric Normal Modes Depend on Its Film Thickness When Confined between Nonwetting Surfaces

The dielectric loss peaks of both normal-mode relaxation (fluctuations of the end-to-end dipole vector perpendicular to the confining surfaces) and segmental motion (fluctuations perpendicular to the chain backbone) of cis-polyisoprene were measured with special attention paid to contrast between responses of the bulk samples and films ≈100 nm thick. The polymers, narrow-distribution samples with number-average molecular weight Mn = 2600, 6000, and 10 000 g mol-1, were spin-cast onto atomically smooth mica, coated with a second mica sheet, and quenched to temperatures at which the resulting sandwich geometry was kinetically stable although the polymer films dewet these surfaces at equilibrium. The segmental relaxation process was the same for bulk and thin films, but the normal mode (the end-to-end dipole vector relaxation) slowed down, more so as temperature decreased. This loss mode in the capacitance, C‘ ‘(f), did not for thin films display the expected terminal tail observed in the bulk samples (C‘ ‘ ...
As You Leave for College

Understanding religious privilege involves extending our abilities to think in complex ways about difficult issues. Respecting differences in religious values also involves the ability to manage our own emotions, listen without judgment and differentiate between personal values and the assumption that these values are universal.
Comparison of effects of labeled and unlabeled praise and time-out upon children's discrimination learning.

In the present study 60 preschool children participated in a three-choice discrimination learning task. The effects of praise and time-out were compared in a 2 (labeled vs unlabeled praise) X 3 (la...
Mesoscopic fluctuations of electron-spin polarization in disordered conductors.

We show that, in a disordered mesoscopic conductor, the memory of electron-spin polarization is preserved even after multiple-spin-orbit-scattering processes. We propose to use the technique of detection of nonequilibrium spin polarization by ferromagnetic point contacts to test our prediction experimentally. We argue that the long-range memory effects of spin polarization can also be observed in the local electron density, which is amenable to a measurement by point voltage contacts. We develop a Langevin scheme for nonlocal correlations of spin polarization
Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO2, CaO-Al2O3, PbO-B2O3, PbO-SiO2, ZnO-B2O3, and ZnO-SiO2 systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.
SUCTION RESPONSES DUE TO HOMOGENEOUS SHEAR OF DILUTE MONTMORILLONITE-WATER PASTES*

A recently described phenomenon, the shear induced decrease of moisture suction in saturated clay—water systems and its subsequent recovery, has been investigated with the aid of a parallel plate shearing device. The apparatus allowed a more quantitative description of the phenomenon than was previously possible. In 4–6% Na-montmorillonite pastes it demonstrated a well defined suction response to shear oven for shear angles as small as one degree. The observed decrease in suction was rapid at first. It terminated within a few minutes and was followed by an approximately exponential, occasionally incomplete recovery. All the tests carried out exhibited the same general features of suction change. It is postulated that shear induces a displacement or change in configuration of particles and that subsequently they return to their original states due to thermal motion. The shapes of the recovery curves can be interpreted in terms of the relaxation spectrum functions encountered in linear viscoelasticity theory. By utilizing a characteristic relaxation time for these spectra, rate process theory has been employed to interpret the bonding mechanism in terms of the experimental activation free energy. The results suggest that the bonds which are re-established during the recovery are primarily of the Coulombic type. Shear induced suction changes should be considered when dealing with deformation theories and structural models of wet soils and clays. Indeed they provide a means of testing certain aspects of soil structure.
Nutritionally-induced changes in parasympathetic function

Abstract It is possible to quantify the input of the parasympathetic nervous system to heart rate variability in man by the spectral analysis of heart rate variability. This is done by noninvasive, computerized electrocardiography over several minutes of observation. Earlier studies from this laboratory demonstrated that when body weight of obese or nonobese subjects is increased 10% or decreased below usual body weight, there are accompanying changes in autonomic function, as measured by alterations in heart rate variability. The clearest of these changes is an abrupt decline in parasympathetic function with increase in body weight, and an increase in parasympathetic activity as body weight declines, and when new, lower body weights are maintained. Recently, it has been possible to examine this phenomenon by a pharmacologie dissection of the autonomic input to heart rate variability. The separate input of each branch of the nervous system to cardiac variability, as well as the intrinsic heart rate, is measured by this approach. The subjects studied to date have been few, but there is confirmation of a major change in parasympathetic function with weight alteration whereas sympathetic changes are small.
1H nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the conformations of vitamin D compounds in various solvents.

Using proton NMR, the solution conformation of the A ring of vitamin D3 and its analogs has been studied by application of the Karplus relation to the observed coupling constants. The A-ring conformations of vitamins D3, D2, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were found to be solvent dependent, with a clear preference for an equatorial hydroxyl group in polar solvents such as methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide. Conversion of the hydroxyl group to an acetate did not affect solution conformation appreciably, but the corresponding t-butyl-dimethylsilyl ether derivative of vitamin D3 showed a strong preference for the 3β-equatorial conformer. The A-ring conformation of the active hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, which has two hydroxyl groups competing for the equatorial position, was found not to be solvent-dependent.
On the average complexity of multivariate problems

Abstract We study the average complexity of linear problems, on a separable Banach space equipped with an orthogonally invariant measure μ. The error and the cost of the algorithms are defined on the average. We exhibit an information operator which is optimal among any linear information operators. We apply the general results to the approximation problem of real functions of d variables. The space is now equipped with a Wiener measure placed on partial derivatives. We show that the average complexity of this problem is almost independent of the dimension d if arbitrary linear functionals are permitted in the information. We conjecture that the same result holds if the information is restricted to function and/or partial derivative evaluations only.
Default Mode Network Activity and Connectivity in Psychopathology

Neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with abnormal function of the default mode network (DMN), a distributed network of brain regions more active during rest than during performance of many attention-demanding tasks and characterized by a high degree of functional connectivity (i.e., temporal correlations between brain regions). Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have revealed that the DMN in the healthy brain is associated with stimulus-independent thought and self-reflection and that greater suppression of the DMN is associated with better performance on attention-demanding tasks. In schizophrenia and depression, the DMN is often found to be hyperactivated and hyperconnected. In schizophrenia this may relate to overly intensive self-reference and impairments in attention and working memory. In depression, DMN hyperactivity may be related to negative rumination. These findings are considered in terms of what is known about psychological functions supported by the DMN, and alteration of the DMN in other neuropsychiatric disorders.
Accidental laboratory infection with human dengue virus.

SummaryIn the course of experiments with chimpanzees, human dengue virus was accidentally introduced on to the conjunctival surface of the eye of a laboratory worker. This was followed 9 days later by a febrile ilness, clinically compatible with dengue. Neutralizing antibodies for the homologous mouse-adapted strain of dengue virus were absent in the patient's serum taken one day after onset of fever, but were present in high titer in specimens of serum obtained 13, 25? and 45 days after onset.
Effect of gender on the manifestations of celiac disease: Evidence for greater malabsorption in men

Objective Because celiac disease is a female-predominant disease we investigated the influence of gender on clinical manifestations of the disease in the United States. Material and methods Data were obtained on biopsy-proven adult patients with celiac disease from a database of patients seen between 1981 and 2001 in a University-based referral center. Z scores were calculated to adjust for age, ethnicity and gender using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database as controls. Results The cohort consisted of 323 patients (211 F, 112 M). Men had a shorter duration of symptoms than women (p=0.006). There was no gender difference in the age at diagnosis or mode of presentation. Body mass index (BMI), mean hemoglobin and ferritin values were lower in women than in men, but the Z scores for these values were not significantly different, indicating that the differences are physiological. All lipid values were low (negative Z scores). Men had lower total cholesterol (162.0±46.5mg/dl) compared ...
Transduction of SIV-specific TCR genes into rhesus macaque CD8+ T cells conveys the ability to suppress SIV replication.

BACKGROUND: The SIV/rhesus macaque model for HIV/AIDS is a powerful system for examining the contribution of T cells in the control of AIDS viruses. To better our understanding of CD8(+) T-cell control of SIV replication in CD4(+) T cells, we asked whether TCRs isolated from rhesus macaque CD8(+) T-cell clones that exhibited varying abilities to suppress SIV replication could convey their suppressive properties to CD8(+) T cells obtained from an uninfected/unvaccinated animal. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We transferred SIV-specific TCR genes isolated from rhesus macaque CD8(+) T-cell clones with varying abilities to suppress SIV replication in vitro into CD8(+) T cells obtained from an uninfected animal by retroviral transduction. After sorting and expansion, transduced CD8(+) T-cell lines were obtained that specifically bound their cognate SIV tetramer. These cell lines displayed appropriate effector function and specificity, expressing intracellular IFNγ upon peptide stimulation. Importantly, the SIV suppression properties of the transduced cell lines mirrored those of the original TCR donor clones: cell lines expressing TCRs transferred from highly suppressive clones effectively reduced wild-type SIV replication, while expression of a non-suppressing TCR failed to reduce the spread of virus. However, all TCRs were able to suppress the replication of an SIV mutant that did not downregulate MHC-I, recapitulating the properties of their donor clones. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that antigen-specific SIV suppression can be transferred between allogenic T cells simply by TCR gene transfer. This advance provides a platform for examining the contributions of TCRs versus the intrinsic effector characteristics of T-cell clones in virus suppression. Additionally, this approach can be applied to develop non-human primate models to evaluate adoptive T-cell transfer therapy for AIDS and other diseases.
Unified assign and schedule: a new approach to scheduling for clustered register file microarchitectures

Recently, there has been a trend towards clustered microarchitectures to reduce the cycle time for wide issue microprocessors. In such processors, the register file and functional units are partitioned and grouped into clusters. Instruction scheduling for a clustered machine requires assignment and scheduling of operations to the clusters. In this paper, a new scheduling algorithm named unified-assign-and-schedule (UAS) is proposed for clustered, statically-scheduled architectures. UAS merges the cluster assignment and instruction scheduling phases in a natural and straightforward fashion. We compared the performance of UAS with various heuristics to the well-known Bottom-up Greedy (BUG) algorithm and to an optimal cluster scheduling algorithm, measuring the schedule lengths produced by all of the schedulers. Our results show that UAS gives better performance than the BUG algorithm and is quite close to optimal.
Dysphagia and nutritional status at the time of hospital admission for ischemic stroke.

Background: Dysphagia and poor nutritional status occur frequently after stroke; however, potential associations between them are unknown. We evaluated potential associations between dysphagia and poor nutritional status in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Potential associations between these outcomes and more global stroke severity measures were also assessed. Methods: In all, 76 patients with acute ischemic stroke were recruited on admission to the dedicated stroke department of an academic medical center. All patients were assessed with a clinical swallowing evaluation, Functional Oral Intake Scale, Mini Nutritional Assessment, body mass index, percent body fat, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, modified Rankin Scale, and modified Barthel Index. Associations were evaluated among dysphagia, nutrition, and stroke severity measures. Results: On clinical examination 52.6% of study patients demonstrated dysphagia and 26.3% were identified with poor nutritional status. Dysphagia, based on clinical assessment, was associated with stroke severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, odds ratio [OR] 4.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-13.1; modified Rankin Scale, OR 12.3, 95% CI 3.2-47.4) and with functional oral intake (OR 29.2, 95% CI 8.4-101.8), but not with measures of nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment, OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.4-2.8). Nutritional measures did not correlate with swallowing or stroke severity measures. Conclusions: Dysphagia and poor nutritional status are prevalent in patients with acute ischemic stroke, however, they are not associated with each other at the time of hospital admission. Furthermore, dysphagia, but not nutritional status, is associated with stroke severity measures.
Surface Distribution of Invertase on Growing Saccharomyces Cells

By using fluorescein-labeled antibodies, we found that most of the newly formed invertase molecules at the surface of a Saccharomyces cell surround the developing bud.
Depth penetration and molar sensitivity for near-infrared fluorescence-enhanced optical imaging

Non-invasive, in vivo imaging modalities are valuable diagnostic indicators of tissue abnormalities, disease, metabolic changes, and other cellular anomalies that occur beneath the skin's surface. Frequency domain photon migration imaging (FDPM) is a maturing optical tool that is based upon the propagation of near infrared (NIR) radiation through tissue and scattering media. Fluorescence-enhanced FDPM exploits a NIR light source for the excitation of a fluorescent contrast agent for detection. The research presented by this contribution seeks to further develop fluorescence-enhanced FDPM for cancer screening via sentinel lymph node mapping. Sentinel lymph node mapping involves the localization and resection for biopsy of the sentinel node to determine cancer spread. Investigating the propagation of NIR fluorescence deep within tissue-like scattering media will provide evidence to support the sensitivity of NIR imaging for sentinel lymph node localization, particularly when the sentinel lymph node is located up to 4 cm below the skin surface. The work presented herein provides a systematic examination of FDPM detection of signals originating from deeply embedded fluorescent inclusions within a tissue-mimicking phantom. Two dimensional multipixel images of embedded fluorescent targets are examined to determine if detection of fluorescence is possible over a reflectance geometry provided using an intensified charge coupled device camera system (ICCD). Data collected show fluorescence from targets containing 1 mM, 0.01 mM and 1 nM can be located when originating from 1 to 7-cm below the imaged surface, and as few as 0.01 femtomoles of ICG can be detected by the ICCD system, with proper choice of rejection filters.
Statistical mechanics and ocean circulation

We apply equilibrium statistical mechanics based upon the conservation of energy and potential enstrophy to the mass-density distribution within the ocean, using a Monte Carlo method that conserves the buoyancy of each uid
Endometrial expression of epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide-78 during the menstrual cycle or in progestin-only contraceptive users with breakthrough bleeding and the influence of doxycycline therapy

Endometrial breakthrough bleeding is characterized by an inflammatory reaction and increased production of proinflammatory mediators one of which may be epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide-78 (ENA-78) a chemokine with neutrophil-activating properties. We therefore investigated the endometrial expression of ENA-78 in Norplant users as progestin-only contraceptive with various bleeding patterns (n = 35) as compared with non-users with a normal menstrual cycle (n = 55). The endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) were the major site of ENA-78 expression with the highest levels found during the secretory phase. The expression of ENA-78 was increased in Norplant users with irregular bleeding as compared with those with regular cycles and amenorrhoea. The levels of ENA-78 detected in uterine washes and sera after the use of Norplant for 3-6 months (n = 25) increased compared with baseline (P < 0.05). These levels did not significantly change in Norplant users who received doxycycline (Dox) therapy (25 mg/twice daily for 6 months) when measured midway through or at the conclusion of study when compared with the baseline (n = 25). Treatments with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) (25 ng/ml) but not 17s-estradiol (E/2) or E/2 + MPA (10/-8 M) representing endometrium exposed to contraceptive and inflammatory conditions respectively increased the levels of ENA-78 production by ESCs and this was reduced by co-treatments with Dox (25 mg/ml) (P < 0.05). The endometrial production of ENA-78 is altered in progestin-only contraceptive users experiencing breakthrough bleeding and is regulated by MPA and TNF-a in ESCs. Although Dox therapy did not alter uterine ENA-78 secretion its suppression in ESCs suggests that Dox acting site-specifically and through an anti-inflammatory mechanism may influence the outcome of breakthrough bleeding in contraceptive users. (authors)
I don't think it's an answer to the question: Silencing Aboriginal witnesses in court

This study investigates the evidence of Australian Aboriginal witnesses in a New South Wales country courthouse, focusing on how and why witnesses are silenced in examination-in-chief, both by their own lawyer and by the judge. The analysis questions the assumption in previous sociolinguistic research that the syntactic form of questions is inherently related to the way in which power is exercised in court. Further, the article highlights how witness silencing in these cases appears to occur particularly in situations where legal professionals are seriously ignorant about fundamental aspects of the everyday cultural values and practices of Aboriginal people. Sociolinguistic microanalysis gives a glimpse of one aspect of the process by which the powerlessness and domination of Aboriginal people is perpetuated through the legal system.
Parallel and sequential mutual exclusions for petri net modeling of manufacturing systems with shared resources

A theoretical basis for Petri net synthesis methods is provided that can be used to model systems with shared resources, and to make the resulting nets bounded, live, and reversible. Two resource-sharing concepts, parallel mutual exclusion (PME) and sequential mutual exclusion (SME), are formulated in the context of the Petri net theory. A PME models a resource shared by distinct independent processes, and an SME is a sequential composition of PMEs, modeling a resource shared by sequentially related processes. The conditions under which a net containing such structures remains bounded, live, and reversible are derived. >
How will species respond to climate change? Examining the effects of temperature and population density on an herbivorous insect

An important challenge facing ecologists is to understand how climate change may affect species performance and species interactions. However, predicting how changes in abiotic variables associated with climate change may affect species performance also depends on the biotic context, which can mediate species responses to climatic change. We conducted a 3-yr field experiment to determine how the herbivorous grasshopper Camnula pellucida (Scudder) responds to manipulations of temperature and population density. Grasshopper survival and fecundity decreased with density, indicating the importance of intraspecific competition. Female fecundity tended to increase with temperature, whereas grasshopper survival exhibited a unimodal response to temperature, with highest survival at intermediate temperatures. Grasshopper performance responses to temperature also depended on density. Peak survival in the low-density treatment occurred in warmer conditions than for the high-density treatment, indicating that the intensity of intraspecific competition varies with temperature. Our data show that changes to the temperature regimen can alter grasshopper performance and determine the intensity of intraspecific competition. However, the effects of temperature on grasshopper performance varied with density. Our data indicate the importance of the biotic context in mediating species responses to climatic factors associated with global change.
Peripheral nervous system insulin resistance in ob/ob mice

A reduction in peripheral nervous system (PNS) insulin signaling is a proposed mechanism that may contribute to sensory neuron dysfunction and diabetic neuropathy. Neuronal insulin resistance is associated with several neurological disorders and recent evidence has indicated that dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in primary culture display altered insulin signaling, yet in vivo results are lacking. Here, experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that the PNS of insulin-resistant mice displays altered insulin signal transduction in vivo. For these studies, nondiabetic control and type 2 diabetic ob/ob mice were challenged with an intrathecal injection of insulin or insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and downstream signaling was evaluated in the DRG and sciatic nerve using Western blot analysis. The results indicate that insulin signaling abnormalities documented in other “insulin sensitive” tissues (i.e. muscle, fat, liver) of ob/ob mice are also present in the PNS. A robust increase in Akt activation was observed with insulin and IGF-1 stimulation in nondiabetic mice in both the sciatic nerve and DRG; however this response was blunted in both tissues from ob/ob mice. The results also suggest that upregulated JNK activation and reduced insulin receptor expression could be contributory mechanisms of PNS insulin resistance within sensory neurons. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence that alterations in insulin signaling occur in the PNS and may be a key factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.
Nature of Stoner condition for metallic ferromagnetism

For proper applications of the Stoner condition, we describe the assumptions in its underlying theory and their implications that need to be considered in practice. The nature of Stoner exchange parameters is examined based on spin-polarization perturbational orbital theory and a connection has been made in understanding the parameters with both local spin density and Hartree-Fock approximations via a self-interaction-corrected local spin density (SIC-LSD) exchange-correlation functional.