cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Liaison services for a remotely located biotechnology research center.

Abstract In April 1989, the Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center (HAM-TMC) Library initiated a prototype liaison program with the Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Center for Biotechnology (CBT). The library was interested in examining the benefits and costs of the outreach concept and in supporting Houston's efforts to develop into a center for biotechnology research. Located thirty-five miles from the HAM-TMC Library, CBT was receptive to an outreach project that would improve its access to the library's collection and services. This article describes the objectives and development of the pilot project, the services provided, feedback from the biotechnologists, and program costs. Although limited in scope, the project has provided the HAM-TMC Library with useful data about the information needs of a particular group of biotechnologists and strengthened relationships with these scientists. In addition, the knowledge and experience gained from this effort are being used to plan outreach efforts for other client groups.
A NOVEL PATTERN OF TREPONEMAL ANTIBODY DISTRIBUTION IN ISOLATED SOUTH AMERICAN INDIAN POPULATIONS

Serologic surveys for treponemal disease were carried out in 1970-1976 among three linguistically distinct and isolated population groups in the Brazilian Amazon Region and among the Mapuche Indians of southern Chile. Three patterns were found: 1) no evidence for treponemal infection in two very recently contacted groups; 2) sporadic positive individuals in groups with long periods of contact with non-Indian populations; and 3) a high prevalence of positive tests in one cultural group with limited exposure to non-Indians. The seroepidemiology and clinical manifestations of a possible treponemal infection in those villages with a high prevalence of positive tests were unlike those of the classically described human treponematoses.
Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts from Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) Sprouts

Samples prepared from fresh broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) sprouts by water distillation or freeze-drying were examined for antioxidant activity using three assays. All samples exhibited dose-dependent antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity ranged from 74.48 ± 0.46% (less volatile sample) to 93.2 ± 0.2% (dichloromethane extract sample) at the level of 500 μg/mL. Both dichloromethane extract samples from a water distillate of broccoli sprouts and freeze-dried broccoli sprouts showed potent antioxidant activity, which was comparable to that of BHT. Among the 43 compounds positively identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, 5-methylthiopentylnitrile (31.64 μg/g) was found in the greatest concentration, followed by 4-methylthiobutylisothiocyanate (14.55 μg/g), 4-methylthiobutylnitrile (10.63 μg/g), 3-methylthiopropylisothiocyanate (3.00 μg/g), and 4-methylpentylisothiocyanate (2.48 μg/g). These isothiocyanates are known to possess antioxidant properties. Possible phenolic antioxidants found...
Acute hemodynamic decompensation during catheter ablation of scar-related ventricular tachycardia: incidence, predictors, and impact on mortality.

Background— The occurrence of periprocedural acute hemodynamic decompensation (AHD) in patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation of scar-related ventricular tachycardia (VT) has not been previously investigated. Methods and Results— We identified univariate predictors of periprocedural AHD in 193 consecutive patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation of scar-related VT. AHD was defined as persistent hypotension despite vasopressors and requiring mechanical support or procedure discontinuation. AHD occurred in 22 (11%) patients. Compared with the rest of the population, patients with AHD were older (68.5±10.7 versus 61.6±15.0 years; P =0.037); had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (36% versus 18%; P =0.045), ischemic cardiomyopathy (86% versus 52%; P =0.002), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (41% versus 13%; P =0.001), and VT storm (77% versus 43%; P =0.002); had more severe heart failure (New York Heart Association class III/IV: 55% versus 15%, P <0.001; left ventricular ejection fraction: 26±10% versus 36±16%, P =0.003); and more often received periprocedural general anesthesia (59% versus 29%; P =0.004). At 21±7 months follow-up, the mortality rate was higher in the AHD group compared with the rest of the population (50% versus 11%, log-rank P <0.001). Conclusions— AHD occurs in 11% of patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation of scar-related VT and is associated with increased risk of mortality over follow-up. AHD may be predicted by clinical factors, including advanced age, ischemic cardiomyopathy, more severe heart failure status (New York Heart Association class III/IV, lower ejection fraction), associated comorbidities (diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), presentation with VT storm, and use of general anesthesia.
FRI0218 Patient Self-Reported Fatigue as A Differentiator in SLE Flares

Background Patient reported outcome (PRO) tools are uniquely informative for management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Fatigue is an important component of PRO. Patients with SLE experience significant fatigue and its association with standard disease activity measures in SLE is inconsistent. Objectives To compare patient self-reported fatigue using two different PRO tools – Multi-dimensional health assessment questionnaire (MDHAQ) and LupusPRO (a disease-specific PRO for SLE) in patients with and without a current SLE flare as determined by the SELENA flare Index (SFI). Methods 121 patients meeting ACR criteria for SLE completed MDHAQ and LupusPRO during a routine clinic visit. Disease activity assessments were made by SELENA-SLEDAI Physician global assessment (SLEDAI-PGA), total SLEDAI and SFI. Fatigue on MDHAQ (MDHAQ-F) was marked on a visual analogue scale of 0-10. Fatigue from LupusPRO was calculated on a scale of 0-100 using 5 Pain-Vitality domain questions on pain and fatigue. LupusPRO Pain-Vitality scores were coded to reflect greater fatigue with an increase in scores. Independent sample t-test was used to compare fatigue by SFI status. Data were then stratified by physician diagnosis of fibromyalgia (FM) (yes/no). Spearman rho correlation was used. A p value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant on two tailed tests. Results Mean (SD) age, SLEDAI-PGA and total SELENA-SLEDAI scores were 43.2 (13.3) yrs., 0.6 (0.6) and 4.1 (4.7). 95% of the patients were female and 52% were African-American. Mean (SD) MDHAQ-F was 4.5 (3.4) and on LupusPRO Pain-Vitality was 40.0 (29.3). MDHAQ-F and LupusPRO Pain-Vitality were strongly correlated (rho 0.79 (P Conclusions Patient self-reported fatigue scores are directly related to flares, and should be explored as a possible surrogate marker of SLE flares in patients with SLE not confounded by FM. Further studies are needed to study the responsiveness to change in self-reported fatigue with change in SFI status. Disclosure of Interest None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4332
The Influence of Habitat Mosaics on Species Assemblage in a Channelized Midwestern Stream

Regulators have realized the need for ecosystem-based water resources management that goes beyond the typical focuses on flood protection and water quality control. Understanding and incorporating the connections between hydrology and ecology is important in furthering holistic watershed-scale resources protection. This paper describes the characterization of in-channel habitat mosaics, which result from the interactions between flow and physical channel features, in providing flow-specific areas of refuge and connectivity through a second-order agricultural stream. Fish communities are used to compare the dynamic nature of habitat mosaics at different reach locations. Analyses of the communities illustrate the role of mosaic characterization in understanding the importance of hydrologic connectivity in watershed management and stream restoration. The results of this study promote understanding of the links between physical and ecological processes, as well as the effects of source areas, habitat suitability, and mosaic dynamics on fish communities
Incorporating Socorro magma body reflections into the earthquake location process

When network station spacing is large relative to event depths, constraining focal depths using direct arrivals is difficult. To help overcome this problem, we incorporated the SzS, SzP, and PzP Socorro magma body reflections into the earthquake location process. To find a velocity model appropriate for combining direct and reflected arrivals, we jointly inverted for 75 hypocenters and a one-dimensional velocity model. We used over 1000 direct arrivals and over 400 reflected arrivals, solving for P velocity ( Vp ) and Poisson's ratio ( v ) above the approximate base of the seismogenic zone, Vp and v below the base of the seismogenic zone, depth to the upper surface of the magma body, and station corrections. High-velocity and low-velocity initial models converged to the same solutions without damping. We found that Vp and v may both decrease slightly below about 10-km depth. Magma body depth is near 18.75 km. A close fit between observed and modeled reflected phase arrival times and an even lateral distribution of positive and negative reflected-phase residuals indicate that the magma body upper surface is nearly flat. In the Socorro area, combining direct and reflected phases reduces average focal depth error by more than a factor of 3 and average origin time error by a factor of 2 compared with using only direct phases. This is because reflected arrivals are more sensitive to changes in focal depth than direct arrivals, and combining upgoing (direct) and downgoing (reflected) times reduces the trade-off between focal depth and origin time. For this method to be successful, phases must be carefully identified. To help identify secondary phases, we used relative arrival time curves, plotting phase-minus- P times versus S -minus- P times. Picking reflection pairs (SzP and SzS, SzP and PzP, or SzS and PzP identified on a single seismogram) significantly reduces the chances of phase misidentification. The SzP-SzS and SzP-PzP pairs also help prevent trade-offs between reflector depth and focal depths.
Design of an Algorithm of Public Traffic Transfer Based on the Least Transfer

At present there are two significant problems in the field of intelligent transportation systems,i.e.algorithmic efficiency and transfer routines.First of all,this paper describes route selection behaviors of passengers and the characteristics of city traffic networks,and then presents the public traffic network-transit matrix based on key stops.Secondly,based on the shortest path algorithm,a public traffic network-transit matrix and a non-transfer matrix are introduced to design the public traffic transfer algorithm.In this algorithm,the public traffic network transit matrix aims to decide which temp label notes are potential label notes,and non-transfer notes are always considered as the notes of the shortest path,in order to improve the performance of classical shortest path algorithm(Dijkstra).Finally,a case is used to evaluate the performance of this algorithm.The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm achieves better efficiency than the Dijkstra.And much more reasonable transfer frequency is obtained.It is believed that this algorithm can be used in general transit networks,especially high transfer-cost networks.
Virtual Reality for the Treatment of Autism

Autism is a mental disorder which has received attention in several unrelated studies using virtual reality. One of the first attempts was to diagnose children with special needs at Tokyo University using a sandbox playing technique. Although operating the computer controls proved to be too difficult for the individuals with autism in the Tokyo study, research at the University of Nottingham, UK, is successful in using VR as a learning aid for children with a variety of disorders including autism. Both centers used flat screen computer systems with virtual scenes. Another study which concentrated on using VR as a learning aid with an immersive headset system is described in detail in this chapter. Perhaps because of the seriousness of the disorder and the lack of effective treatments, autism has received more study than attention deficit disorders, although both would appear to benefit from many of the same technology features.
The Endoplasmic Reticulum, Ribosomes, and Protein Synthesis

For many years, the cytoplasm of the living cell was conceived of as a rather homogeneous gel in which particles such as the plastids and the mitochondria were suspended. The electron microscope revealed the existence of additional structures in the cytoplasm and clearly established the complex nature of the cytoplasm. Among the first structures observed with the electron microscope were the endoplasmic reticulum, or ER, and the ribosomes.
Digital Forensics for Handheld Devices

Approximately 80 percent of the worlds population now owns a cell phone, which can hold evidence or contain logs about communications concerning a crime. Cameras, PDAs, and GPS devices can also contain information related to corporate policy infractions and crimes. Aimed to prepare investigators in the public and private sectors, Digital Forensics
Surgical anatomy of the first extensor compartment: A systematic review and comparison of normal cadavers vs. De Quervain syndrome patients

Summary Purpose De Quervain syndrome or tenosynovitis is a common wrist pathology caused by stenosing tenosynovitis of the first dorsal compartment. Multiple studies have demonstrated significant anatomic variation within the first extensor compartment. Methods The terms "De Quervain's tenosynovitis" and "first extensor compartment anatomy" were comprehensively searched using the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane database. The presence of a septum within the first dorsal compartment, the number of APL (abductor pollicis longus), and EPB (extensor pollicis brevis) tendon slips were identified. Results A total of 574 articles were identified on initial search, of which 21 met inclusion criteria. There were 1901 normal cadaver specimens and 470 surgically treated De Quervain disease patients, whose data were available. A septum was present in 43.7% of normal cadavers versus 62.2% De Quervain patients with 58.5% (327 of 559) of the septi characterized as incomplete. There was a difference in the number of APL tendons with a single APL tendon slip noted in 18.3% of normal cadavers (200/1096) versus 27.2% of De Quervain patients (87/230). There was a difference in the number of EPB tendons between the normal cadavers and De Quervain's wrists with 2 or more EPB tendinous slips observed in 5.9% of normal cadavers compared with 2.9% of De Quervain patients. Conclusion Significant anatomic variability exists within the first extensor compartment. Patients with De Quervain disease were more likely to have a septum dividing the compartment and a single slip of APL. These variations are clinically relevant in the pathophysiology and treatment of De Quervain's tenosynovitis. Type of Study Prognostic studies. Level of Evidence Level III.
Claiming Sovereignty Through Equestrian Spectacle in Northern Cameroon

Sovereignty requires legitimacy of rule, and can therefore be contested by constituent members of a state. The historical legitimacy of traditional rulers within Cameroon constitutes a potential threat to state sovereignty. Traditional rulers employ art and performance as a means of garnering popular support, emphasizing their roles as cultural and religious leaders. The Islamic religious festival of Juulde Layhaaji as celebrated in Ngaoundere, northern Cameroon, provides an example of this interaction between traditional ruler and populace. Lying uncomfortably in the background is the knowledge on the part of both state and traditional ruler that the show of support for the ruler during this festival, as a display of citizenship, carries with it the potential for transferal to the political sphere given the right circumstances.
Quand les médias traduisent la crise : les métaphores utilisées par la presse généraliste pendant la crise des subprimes

Dans la couverture mediatique de la crise des prets hypothecaires a risque (dits subprimes) qui a eclate en aout 2007, la traduction s’est trouvee mobilisee du fait que les declencheurs de cette crise etaient d’origine americaine et ont du etre expliques par les journalistes canadiens aux lectorats anglophones et francophones. Pour presenter avec une economie de moyens des concepts compliques et souligner la gravite de la situation, les journalistes ont recouru aux metaphores de l’accident, du cataclysme, de la catastrophe et de l’epidemie. Apres analyse des metaphores conceptuelles trouvees dans La Presse, Le Devoir, The Toronto Star et The Globe and Mail, l’article demontre que, loin d’etre banales, elles confortent une ideologie neoliberale de l’economie.
Hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case with an unusual presentation

Variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) account for up to 25% of the cases, some of which are proven to be associated with aggressive clinical behavior such as tall cell and columnar cell variants. Hobnail variant of PTC (HVPTC) is recently described as a rare and aggressive variant of PTC. Herein, we are reporting a case of HVPTC in a patient who presented with hemoptysis and an intratracheal blood clot that was aspirated and submitted for cytopathological examination. Cytomorphology displayed neoplastic cells with profound micropapillary architecture, elongated nuclei, and prominent hobnail configuration. Nuclear features of PTC such as pseudoinclusions, nuclear overlapping, crowding, and grooves were readily identified. Subsequent total thyroidectomy revealed a 1.4 cm PTC with columnar and hobnail components. HVPTC is a rare locally aggressive subtype, which may present with metastasis from an occult thyroid primary. HVPTC needs to be included in the differential diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma with micropapillary architecture on fine needle aspiration, particularly in head and neck area. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:754-756. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developing Students’ Writing Skills With the IDEAL Framework:

Although written communication is a foundational skill, especially for careers in management, faculty can be reluctant to utilize writing assignments for a number of reasons including the subjective nature of and time involved in grading. In this article, we present the IDEAL framework—an andragogical tool developed in an effort to address these problems, while teaching students to produce more coherent and logical writing. We then share an in-class exercise to introduce students to the IDEAL framework and apply it to writing samples through a peer-feedback activity. Throughout the article, we highlight the benefits, to both educators and students, of incorporating the IDEAL framework as a meta-model for writing in management courses.
Efficient parameter selection for SVM: The case of business intelligence categorization

Support Vector Machines (SVM) is a widely used technique for classifying high-dimensional data, especially in security and intelligence categorization. However, the performance of SVM can be adversely affected by poorly selected parameter values. Current approaches to SVM parameter selection mainly rely on extensive cross validation or anecdotal information, which can be inefficient and ineffective. In this research, we propose an efficient algorithm called Percentile-SVM (P-SVM) for selecting the parameter pair, (γ, C), of SVM with Gaussian kernels on metric data. P-SVM searches only a handful of percentiles of the squared Euclidean distances of data points to select the best pair of parameter values. To validate the algorithm, we applied P-SVM to categorizing business intelligence factors extracted from 6,859 sentences of 231 online news articles about four major companies in the information technology sector. The results show that P-SVM achieved a significant improvement in precision, recall, F-measure, and AUC over the LibSVM package (with default parameter values) used in WEKA, a widely used data mining software. These findings provide useful implication for relevant research and security informatics applications.
Is the P-Value Really Dead? Assessing Inference Learning Outcomes for Social Science Students in an Introductory Statistics Course.

In reaction to misuses and misinterpretations of p-values and confidence intervals, a social science journal editor banned p-values from its pages. This study aimed to show that education could address misuse and abuse. This study examines inference-related learning outcomes for social science students in an introductory course supplemented with randomization and simulation content. Learning gains were measured across a suggested taxonomy of inference learning outcomes using the Reasoning about P-values and Statistical Significance (RPASS-10) scale. Three graphical comparisons of students’ Pretest and Posttest proportions were encoded by learning gain or loss, an inference learning outcome taxonomy, or if a correct concept or misconception was assessed. What students learned and the difficulties that persisted shape recommendations for teaching and future research. First published May 2017 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
The Nature of Bronson Alcott

Bronson Alcott went forth from the city to converse in the West. His wife distrusted the venture: In 1852, for sixteen such conversations, he received the gross sum of $164; she saw not whence would come the bread for herself and the children. Neither did he, with the eyes of sense, but he knew that a purpose like his must yield bread for the hungry and clothes for the naked, and he would not wait for the arithmetic of this matter.
METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES: PLASTICITY AND FATIGUE

ABSTRACT Recent theoretical studies of elastic-plastic behavior of fibrous composites are reviewed and extended to thermal loading problems. An exact relationship is derived between instantaneous thermal expansion coefficients and overall compliances, and between instantaneous thermal and mechanical phase stress concentration factors of binary fibrous materials with transversely isotropic phases. Applications of the plasticity theory to the analysis of fatigue in B-Al laminated plates are described.
Oral Quinolone in the Treatment of Experimental Polymicrobial Puerperal Infection in Rabbits

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of oral levofloxacin in the treatment of experimental polymicrobial puerperal infection in the rabbit. Methods: Timed pregnant rabbits were anesthetized on day 29 or 30 of a 31-day gestation and 10 5. , 6. colony-forming units each of Escherichia coli, group B streptococcus, and Staphylococcus saccharolyticus were inoculated endoscopically in the cervices. Labor was induced with intramuscular oxytocin 16 hours later if it had not occurred spontaneously. The animals then were observed every 3 hours for fever; when a temperature of 104F was reached, treatment was begun. Animals were assigned randomly in a blinded, placebo-controlled manner to received oral levofloxacin (10 mg/kg/day) or placebo and were treated twice daily for 4–5 days. The animals were killed and necropsy was performed 4–6 hours after the last dose. Specimens for culture were taken from uterine horns, peritoneum, and blood. Levofloxacin concentrations were determined from blood samples at necropsy. Clinical cure of fever, eradication of microbes, and presence of uterine abscesses at necropsy were assessed. Results: Compared with placebo-treated rabbits, levofloxacin-treated animals had a significantly greater number of clinical cures (nine of 11 versus four of 12, P = .027) and significantly more eradication of E coli (ten of 11 versus five of 12, P = .022). Four uterine abscesses were seen in 12 placebo-tested animals, compared with none of 11 levofloxacin-tested animals (P = .093). There was no difference in eradication of group B streptococcus between the two groups. No blood cultures were positive for organisms in any animal. Levofloxacin was detected in all treated animals, but at low levels (less than 1 μg/mL). Conclusion: Treatment of experimental puerperal infection with oral levofloxacin in rabbits resulted in significantly more clinical cures and eradication of E coli compared with treatment with placebo.
QCD and Hadronic Structure

Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is generally believed to be the true theory of strong interactions. It is supposed to predict correctly all observed hadronic behavior. In particular, the inner dynamics of QCD are believed to produce the fundamental properties of confinement and dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. Confinement, or the statement that all observed hadrons are colorless bound states of quarks, is thought to be due to the effective coupling of QCD rising indefinitely as one probes increasing distances. Dynamical chiral symmetry breaking refers to the belief that the true vacuum state of QCD is not chirally invariant (even in the chirally symmetric limit where all light quark masses are neglected.) As a consequence one should find dynamical quark mass generation and formation of composite Goldstone bosons such as the pion. Unfortunately it has proven extremely difficult to derive these properties directly from QCD.
Four Facts Everyone Ought to Know about Science: The Two-Culture Concerns of Philip W. Anderson

Lay people have a large appetite for information about scientific and technological issues that affect them, such as self-driving automobiles, gene manipulation, and climate change. However, this information must be clear and accurate if they are to use it to make informed political decisions. In 1994, the Nobel prize–winning physicist Philip W. Anderson used a newspaper essay to convey his concerns about the fidelity of the communication channels that connect the public to the creators of technical knowledge. He also suggested strategies to improve the quality of that communication. We analyze that essay and other writings by Anderson to identify the origins of his concerns and to place them in the larger context of his scientific philosophy.
Problems with research methods in medical device big data analytics

This paper reviews the literature as well as subject matter expert opinions and examines how research methods are being applied in medical device big data analytics. The focus of the study is to identify benefits and illustrate problems when applying certain research methods with healthcare big data. The intended audience is high-level healthcare decision makers, data science researchers, and healthcare big data practitioners. The key results address unintended access to healthcare data, statistical sampling violations with the use of healthcare big data, and the challenges associated with statistical false positives in big data. Solutions for these problems are proposed along with recommendations for further research.
Mucosal melanoma: current strategies and future directions

Introduction: Mucosal melanomas are a rare subtype of melanoma that develop from melanocytes in the mucosal lining of the body, exhibit a distinct clinical behavior, and are associated with a worse...
The Epidemic and Prevalence of Diabetes in the United States

Abstract Though diabetes mellitus has a long history, today it is often linked to lifestyle choices, such as intake of calories and less frequent physical exercise. It occurs in varied amounts that are related to gender and age. With aging, the risk for type 2 diabetes increases, along with the risks for heart disease and stroke. Men are at a slightly higher risk. Overall, diabetes is projected to become the seventh leading global cause of death by the year 2030. It is already the seventh leading cause of death in the United States, where it makes up 12% of all deaths. Nearly half of all deaths occur in people under the age of 60 years. It is the most commonly diagnosed noncommunicable disease and also the fastest growing chronic disease. The global epidemic of type 2 diabetes has been linked to the development of Westernized lifestyles and diet. In the United States, white, non-Hispanic children have the highest rates of type 1 diabetes, but the lowest rates of type 2 diabetes—this may prove the effects of diet in relation to the two forms. Diabetes shortens life expectancy by increasing risks for many severe conditions. In 1960,
Swimming with the sharks: An activity exploring cost, volume and profit analysis through the use of Shark Tank

This research presents an in-class activity and accompanying homework assignment designed to encourage students to engage in critical thought about managerial decisions made by a real-world company...
Binge Alcohol Exposure in Adolescence Impairs Normal Heart Growth

Background Approximately 1 in 6 adolescents report regular binge alcohol consumption, and we hypothesize it affects heart growth during this period. Methods and Results Adolescent, genetically dive...
Vulcan: lessons on reliability of wearables through state-aware fuzzing

As we look to use Wear OS (formerly known as Android Wear) devices for fitness and health monitoring, it is important to evaluate the reliability of its ecosystem. The goal of this paper is to understand the reliability weak spots in Wear OS ecosystem. We develop a state-aware fuzzing tool, Vulcan, without any elevated privileges, to uncover these weak spots by fuzzing Wear OS apps. We evaluate the outcomes due to these weak spots by fuzzing 100 popular apps downloaded from Google Play Store. The outcomes include causing specific apps to crash, causing the running app to become unresponsive, and causing the device to reboot. We finally propose a proof-of-concept mitigation solution to address the system reboot issue.
Structure of SARS-CoV-2 ORF8, a rapidly evolving immune evasion protein.

The molecular basis for the severity and rapid spread of the COVID-19 disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is largely unknown. ORF8 is a rapidly evolving accessory protein that has been proposed to interfere with immune responses. The crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 was determined at 2.04-A resolution by X-ray crystallography. The structure reveals a ∼60-residue core similar to SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a, with the addition of two dimerization interfaces unique to SARS-CoV-2 ORF8. A covalent disulfide-linked dimer is formed through an N-terminal sequence specific to SARS-CoV-2, while a separate noncovalent interface is formed by another SARS-CoV-2-specific sequence, 73YIDI76 Together, the presence of these interfaces shows how SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 can form unique large-scale assemblies not possible for SARS-CoV, potentially mediating unique immune suppression and evasion activities.
Identifying Outlier Hospitals in Gastric Cancer Lymph Node Yield Using the National Cancer Database.

Abstract Background Lymph node (LN) yield is a key quality indicator that is associated with improved staging in surgically resected gastric cancer. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends a yield of ≥15 LNs for proper staging, yet most facilities in the United States fail to achieve this number. The present study aimed to identify factors that could affect LN yield on a facility level and identify outlier hospitals. Methods This was a retrospective review of adults (aged ≥18 y) with gastric cancer (Tumor-Node-Metastasis Stages I-III) who underwent gastrectomy. Data were analyzed from the National Cancer Database (2004-2016). Multivariate analysis identified patient and tumor characteristics, whereas an observed-to-expected ratio of identified outlier hospitals. Facility factors were compared between high and low outliers. Results A total of 26,590 patients were included in this study. Of these patients, only 50.3% had an LN yield ≥15. The multivariate model of patient and tumor characteristics demonstrated a concordance index was 0.684. A total of 1245 facilities were included. There were 198 low outlier LN yield hospitals and 135 high outlier LN yield hospitals (observed-to-expected ratio of 0.42 ± 0.24 versus 1.38 ± 0.19, P Conclusions Nearly half of the population exhibited low compliance to National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommendations. Facility-level disparities exist as high yearly surgical volume and academic facility status distinguished high-performing outlier hospitals.
Changing stimulation protocol on repeat conventional ovarian stimulation cycles does not lead to improved laboratory outcomes

Objective To evaluate whether physicians’ choice of ovarian stimulation protocol is associated with laboratory outcomes. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Single academic center. Patient(s) The subjects were 4,458 patients who completed more than one in vitro fertilization ovarian stimulation cycle within 1 year. On second stimulation, 49% repeated the same protocol and 51% underwent a different one. Intervention(s) Estradiol priming antagonist, antagonist +/– oral contraceptive pill priming, long luteal protocol, Lupron (Lupron [AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, IL]) stop protocol, and flare were compared. Logistic or linear regression with cluster robust standard errors to account for covariates and paired data was used. Main Outcome Measure(s) Oocytes collected (OC), fertilization rate, blastocyst progression (BP), usable embryos (UE), and euploid rate (ER). Result(s) First stimulation outcomes were comparable across all protocols for FR, BP, UE, and ER but were different for OC, after adjustment for covariates. For OC, the effect of switching protocols differed according to the type of the second stimulation. There was improvement in OC if the same stimulation was repeated, except for flare. In addition, there were slight, significant improvements in fertilization rate (difference in values or coefficient of 0.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.004, 0.4) and UE (coefficient 1.25; 95% CI, 0.79, 1.72) when the same stimulation was repeated. There were no changes in BP (coefficient 0.03; 95% CI, –0.01, 0.08) or ER (coefficient 0.01; 95% CI, –0.04, 0.06) when protocols were changed. In a low-BP subgroup, greater improvement was seen when the same protocol was repeated (coefficient 0.03; 95% CI 0.01, 0.04). Conclusion(s) There was a slight but significant improvement in laboratory outcomes when the same stimulation protocol was repeated, so careful consideration should be made before switching stimulation protocols for the purpose of improving laboratory outcomes.
Enumerating Triangulations by Parallel Diagonals

The triangulations of a regular polygon are enumerated according to the number of diagonals parallel to a fixed edge. We also point out the connection to Dyck paths avoiding certain points on the x-axis.
Two Lectures On The Epistemic Foundations Of Game Theory

This working paper contains the slides of two invited lectures on the Epistemic Foundations of Game Theory, delivered at the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) on February 8, 2007.
Karl E. Weick and the dawning awareness of organized cognition

Purpose – Cognitive perspectives have emerged from many years of struggle for recognition, and grown into a dominant theme in psychology. The purpose of this paper is to discuss what Karl Weick expressed as important themes in this struggle, made major contributions to the content of cognitive psychology, and helped to make cognition relevant for organizational behavior. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviews key developments in the history of psychology, points out central issues, and summarizes Weick’s contributions. Findings – Weick brought sensemaking into sharp focus as a major activity of people and organizations. His writings established information processing as the core of organizational activities. He also showed how sensemaking affects organizational reliability. Originality/value – Weick is one of the authors whom management scholars cite very often because he has been a thought leader. The paper places Weick’s work in historical context and points to his major contributions.
[1] G proteins controlling differentiation, growth, and development: Analysis by antisense RNA/DNA technology

Publisher Summary This chapter demonstrates that G proteins play an important role in complex biological processes, such as mitogenesis, oncogenesis, neonatal growth, and cellular differentiation. Antisense RNA/DNA technology provides a new strategy with which to explore the role(s) of specific subunits in both transmembrane signaling, as well as the more complex biological responses. The experience gained with the use of antisense RNA approaches includes oligodeoxynucleotides antisense to the mRNA of G sα , employed to probe the roles of this subunit in adipogenesis; retroviral expression vectors capable of generating constitutive expression of RNA antisense to G proteins. Specifically G iα2 , employed to study the role of this subunit in stem cell development to parietal and primitive endoderm; and antisense vectors activated on birth in transgenic animals to examine the roles of G iα2 and G qα in neonatal development and metabolism. Although not without limitations and constraints for experimental use, antisense RNA/DNA technology now provides flexible, powerful tools for defining functional consequences of eliminating one or more members of the G protein family both in vitro and in vivo . Application of these technologies permits to address the fundamental and unresolved questions about G proteins and their functions. This technology has applications relevant to the treatment of human diseases, much like gene therapy.
Resilience as Discourse

Resilience as a frame is increasingly appearing in grant funding, news stories, academic journals, and organization missions. Across these sites, resilience is positioned as an ability to cope, characterized by bouncing back, regaining control, and reducing vulnerability to change. How did resilience come to be understood in these terms? What are the problems with resilience's frames and the practices that produce them? How might we become resilient differently? Using a Foucaultian archaeology, I examine sites and practices that produce resilience as discourse. I analyze resilience's origins in biophysical sciences, systems perspectives that define ways of knowing, visual models that constrain the emergence of new ideas, and persistent dialectics that narrowly order relationships within the world. I propose changes in the discourse for more affective and ecological modes of becoming resilient.
Abstract P161: Peripheral Arterial Disease in Hispanic Communities: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Background: Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanic Americans have a significantly lower prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Since Hispanic ethnicity in the United States is heterogeneous, the purpose of this study was to determine the differential odds for PAD by Hispanic/Latino subgroup. Methods: Subjects were 9,648 men and women over the age of 45 years enrolled in the Hispanic Community Health Study - Study of Latinos (HCHS-SOL) who were evaluated by extensive survey information, relevant physical measurements and fasting blood assays. The ankle brachial index (ABI) was computed as the higher of the posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis systolic blood pressures (SBP) for each leg divided by the higher brachial artery SBP. The index ABI was the lower of the two. An ABI ≤ 0.90 was criterion for the presence of PAD. Results: The mean age was 56 years and 62% were female. Thirty percent were Mexican American, while 27% were Cuban American, 19% Puerto Rican American, 9% Dominican American, 7% Central American, 5% South American and 3% Mixed or Other Hispanic ethnicities. Overall, the prevalence of an ABI ≤ 0.90 (PAD), 0.90 to 0.99 (borderline), 1.0 to 1.39 (normal) and ≥ 1.40 (high) was 5.7, 19.3, 72.5 and 2.6%, respectively. Cuban Americans had the highest prevalence of PAD (9.1%), followed by Puerto Rican (5.9%), Central American (5.3%), Mixed/Other (5.0%), Dominican (4.7%), South American (4.6%) and Mexican Americans (3.2%). The prevalence of an ABI ≥ 1.40 ranged from 3.1% (South Americans) to 0.6% (Mixed/Other). After multivariable adjustment, and compared to Mexican Americans, Cuban Americans had nearly a 3-fold higher odds for PAD (OR = 2.85). The odds of PAD for the other Hispanic/Latino groups ranged from 1.23 to 1.82. Although males had over a 3-fold higher odds of an ABI ≥ 1.40 (OR = 3.55), the odds did not differ significantly by Hispanic/Latino ethnicity. Conclusions: Compared to Mexican Americans, all other Hispanic/Latino ethnic groups have a significantly higher odds of having PAD, with the odds being nearly 3-fold higher among Cuban Americans.
Learning Intermediate Concepts

In most concept learningproblems considered so far by the learningtheory community, the instances are labeled by a single unknown target. However, in some situations, although the target concept may be quite complex when expressed as a function of the attribute values of the instance, it may have a simple relationship with some intermediate (yet to be learned) concepts. In such cases, it may be advantageous to learn both these intermediate concepts and the target concept in parallel, and use the intermediate concepts to enhance our approximation of the target concept.In this paper, we consider the problem of learningm ultiple interrelated concepts simultaneously. To avoid stability problem, we assume that the dependency relations amongthe concepts are not cyclical and hence can be expressed usinga directed acyclic graph (not known to the learner). We investigate this learning problem in various popular theoretical models: mistake bound model, exact learningmo del and probably approximately correct (PAC) model.
Science and Civics, Still Immiscible

Science in Public Communication, Culture, and Credibility. Jane Gregory and Steve Miller. Plenum Trade, New York, 1998. 304 pp. $29.95, C$41.95. ISBN 0-306-45860-8. The authors examine debates on the nature and roles of popular science, the public understanding of science, and the presentation of science in the mass media. Among the topics they touch upon are science in museums and the public perception of risks of alar on apples, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, and collisions with comets.
Escherichia coli mutator mutD5 is defective in the mutHLS pathway of DNA mismatch repair.

We have previously reported that the Escherichia coli mutator strain mutD5 was defective in the correction of bacteriophage M13mp2 heteroduplex DNA containing a T.G mismatch. Here, this defect was further investigated with regard to its interaction with the mutHLS pathway of mismatch repair. A set of 15 different M13mp2 heteroduplexes was used to measure the mismatch-repair capability of wild-type, mutL and mutD5 cells. Throughout the series, the mutD5 strain proved as deficient in mismatch repair as the mutL strain, indicating that the repair defect is similar in the two strains in both extent and specificity. [One exception was noted in the case a T.G mispair that was subject to VSP (Very Short Patch) repair. VSP repair was abolished by mutL but not by mutD.] Variation in the dam-methylation state of the heteroduplex molecules clearly affected repair in the wild-type strain but had no effect on either the mutD or mutL strain. Finally, mutDmutL or mutDmutS double-mutator strains were no more deficient in mismatch repair as were the single mutator strains. The combined results strongly argue that the mismatch-repair deficiency of mutD5 cells resides in the mutH,L,S-dependent pathway of mismatch repair and that the high mutation rate of mutD strains derives in part from this defect.
Therapeutic Alliance and Retention in Brief Strategic Family Therapy: A Mixed-Methods Study

We explored how the therapeutic alliance contributed to retention in Brief Strategic Family Therapy by analyzing videotapes of eight-first sessions in which four therapists worked with one family that stayed in treatment and one family that dropped out. Although behavioral exchange patterns between clients and therapists did not differ by retention status, positive therapist alliance-related behavior followed negative client alliance behavior somewhat more frequently in the retained cases. In the qualitative aspect of the study, four family therapy experts each viewed two randomly assigned sessions and commented on their quality without knowing the families’ retention status. A qualitative analysis of the audiotaped commentaries revealed 18 alliance-related themes that were more characteristic of either the retained or the nonretained cases.
Decreasing Transmembrane Segment Length Greatly Decreases Perfringolysin O Pore Size.

Perfringolysin O (PFO) is a transmembrane (TM) β-barrel protein that inserts into mammalian cell membranes. Once inserted into membranes, PFO assembles into pore-forming oligomers containing 30–50 PFO monomers. These form a pore of up to 300 A, far exceeding the size of most other proteinaceous pores. In this study, we found that altering PFO TM segment length can alter the size of PFO pores. A PFO mutant with lengthened TM segments oligomerized to a similar extent as wild-type PFO, and exhibited pore-forming activity and a pore size very similar to wild-type PFO as measured by electron microscopy and a leakage assay. In contrast, PFO with shortened TM segments exhibited a large reduction in pore-forming activity and pore size. This suggests that the interaction between TM segments can greatly affect the size of pores formed by TM β-barrel proteins. PFO may be a promising candidate for engineering pore size for various applications.
Marr's Levels Revisited: Understanding How Brains Break

While the research programs in early cognitive science and artificial intelligence aimed to articulate what cognition was in ideal terms, much research in contemporary computational neuroscience looks at how and why brains fail to function as they should ideally. This focus on impairment affects how we understand David Marr's hypothesized three levels of understanding. In this essay, we suggest some refinements to Marr's distinctions using a population activity model of cortico-striatal circuitry exploring impulsivity and behavioral inhibition as a case study. In particular, we urge that Marr's computational level should be redefined to include a description of how systems break down. We also underscore that feed-forward processing, cognition disconnected from behavioral context, and representations do not always drive cognition in the way that Marr originally assumed.