cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mental health, preoperative disability, and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty

Background Mental health conditions are associated with poor outcomes in patients with chronic disease as well as various orthopedic conditions. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between mental health, preoperative disability, and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty. Methods Data, including mental health diagnoses, were prospectively collected from patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty from 2009 to 2015 at a single academic institution. Shoulder range of motion, visual analog scale, 12-Item Short Form Health Survey, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores were collected preoperatively and at 1 and 2 years postoperatively. Data were analyzed using multivariate mixed-effect regression analysis. Results The study included 280 patients, 105 (37.5%) of whom had a mental health diagnosis of depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder. Both groups of patients had similar shoulder range of motion, pain, and function before shoulder arthroplasty. Hospital length of stay, discharge destination, and readmissions were similar for both groups. There were similar improvements in pain, function, and range of motion after shoulder arthroplasty in patients with and without diagnosed mental health conditions. Conclusions Overall, the presence of a psychiatric diagnosis was not predictive of outcomes. Although psychiatric conditions are often considered surgical comorbidities, mental health diagnoses should not be a barrier to performing clinically indicated shoulder arthroplasty, because both groups of patients appear to benefit from pain relief and improved shoulder function.
Risk Factors Associated With Early Complications of Revision Surgery for Head-Neck Taper Corrosion in Metal-on-Polyethylene Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Adverse local tissue reactions (ALTRs) due to tribocorrosion of head-neck taper junctions in contemporary metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) total hip arthroplasty (THA) are emerging as an important reason for failure requiring revision surgery. This study aimed at: (1) reporting early complication rates and outcome, and (2) identifying risk factors associated with complications of revision surgery for head-neck taper corrosion in patients with MoP THA. Methods Forty consecutive revision surgeries in 39 patients (male, 16; female, 23) with MoP THA were evaluated. The follow-up period after revision was a minimum of 14 months (range, 14–45). The indication for revision surgery was the presence of symptomatic ALTR on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with elevated metal ion levels. Results The overall complication rate was 25% and the reoperation rate was 10%. The median serum level of cobalt ions decreased significantly 8.2 μg/L (1.2-56.1 μg/L) pre-revision to 3.1 μg/L (0.2-14.0 μg/L) post-revision (P Conclusion A high rate of early complications (25%) and re-revisions (10%) was observed after revision of ALTR associated with head-neck taper corrosion. Pre-revision MRI findings of solid lesion(s) with abductor deficiency and intraoperative tissue damage were risk factors associated with the occurrence of a complication after revision surgery. This information provides clinically useful information for clinical decision-making and preoperative counseling of MoP THA patients undergoing revision surgery for head-neck taper corrosion.
Thermally-Conductive and Mechanically-Robust Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforced UO2 Composite Nuclear Fuels.

Low thermal transport behavior along the radial direction of nuclear fuel pellets and pellet-cladding mechanical interaction significantly impact fuel performance and the safety of current nuclear energy systems. Here we report a new strategy of advanced fuel design in which highly thermally-conductive and mechanically-robust graphene nanoplatelets are incorporated into UO2 fuel matrix to improve fuel thermal-mechanical properties. The 2D geometry of the graphene nanoplatelets enables a unique lamellar structure upon fuel consolidation by spark plasma sintering. The thermal conductivity along the radial direction of the sintered fuel pellets at room temperature reaches 12.7 and 19.1 wm−1K−1 at 1 wt.% and 5 wt.% loadings of the graphene nanoplatelets, respectively, representing at least 74% and 162% enhancements as compared to pure UO2 fuel pellets. Indentation testing suggests great capability of the 2D graphene nanoplatelets to deflect and pin crack propagation, drastically improving the crack propagation resistance of fuel matrix. The estimated indentation fracture toughness reaches 3.5 MPa·m1/2 by 1 wt.% loading of graphene nano-platelets, representing a 150% improvement over 1.4 MPa·m1/2 for pure UO2 fuel pellets. Isothermal annealing of the composite fuel indicates that the graphene nano-platelet is able to retain its structure and properties against reaction with UO2 matrix up to 1150 °C.
Gd-DTPA-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging of the cavernous sinus.

Based upon our experiences with 7 cases and a literature review a survey is provided on the possibilities and limitations of preoperative diagnosis of space-occupying lesions of the cavernous sinus using MRI with Gd-DTPA enhancement.
Direct measurement of the superconducting properties of single grain boundaries in Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7 − δ

We have made the first direct measurements of the critical current density of individual grain boundaries and their adjoining grains in ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ superconducting films. The critical current of the boundary was always found to be less than either of the two grains. The magnetic field dependence of the critical current of the grain boundaries indicates that they are comprised of regions of weak and strong Josephson coupling. A single grain boundary was also used to build and operate a simple dc SQUID. Current-voltage curves of a grain-boundary junction n the finite voltage range show subgap structure.
Gastric tube esophagoplasty.

The esophagus was a surgical no-man’s land until Czerny first successfully resected its cervical portion in 1877. Since that time many and varied conduits (Kelling 1911; Merendino and Dillard 1955; Sweet 1945) have been used to replace the esophagus destroyed by stricture or malignancy. Typically, advances in the surgical care of children have lagged behind advances for adults. Infants with long-gap esophageal atresia are no exception. The rare survivors of this anomaly underwent multiple procedures to fashion skin-lined tubes of skin placed beneath the skin of the anterior thorax (Gross 1953). Although these children were able to swallow food they were forced to massage it down to the stomach and they were required to live with their hideous appearance. In 1955, Dale and Sherman described the use of a portion of the colon placed substernally in a child with esophageal atresia, and the modern era of esophageal substitution for children began. The colon is still the most widely used substitute for the esophagus (Campbell et al. 1982; Gross and Firestone 1967; Neville and Nahem 1983; Waterston 1964). However, the numerous associated problems led to a search for a better substitute. Following the pioneering work of Gavriliu (see for example Gavriliu 1975 and Heimlich (1966), Burrington and Stephens (1968) and later Anderson and Randolph (1973) and Cohen et al. (1974) popularized the use of the reversed gastric tube for esophagoplasty in the child. In the author’s institution, a total of 42 patients have required esophageal replacement since 1965. Nineteen of these patients underwent colon transposition and 24 received reversed gastric tube. Fourteen of the latter patients underwent esophagoplasty because of long-gap esophageal atresia, and of these ten were available for follow-up for up to 14 years.
Bionanotechnology and Bionanoscience of Artificial Bioassemblies

Bionanotechnology is now creating an entire class of new devices that will improve and augment existing approaches to biology and medicine. Information from physics, chemistry, and molecular biology is being used to reassemble biological and nonbiological molecules into useful and informative devices. These artificial bioassemblies are generally built on nanoscale scaffolds. This flexible construction principle allows them to serve as models of cellular assemblies, models of possible intermediates in molecular evolution, reporters for studying intracellular dynamics, and tools for detecting and tagging different cell types, including cancer cells. This chapter assesses recent progress in this area.
PHOTOPOLYMERS—AN ENABLER OF INDUSTRIAL INNOVATION

Photopolymer science and technology are now over fifty years of age. In the time since the initial invention of photo-induced crosslinking and polymerization, major innovations have occurred in several industries as a direct result of the application of the new technology. In several cases, it can be unequivocally stated that the adoption of photopolymer technology in those industries has revolutionized the way the industry approaches manufacturing its products. In addition to lowering costs of manufacture and saving time and labor, the manufacturing processes in general have become safer for workers' health and more environmentally benign as a result of these changes.
Progress towards ultra sensitive KIDs for future far-infrared missions: a focus on recombination times

Future generations of far-infrared (FIR) telescopes will need detectors with noise-equivalent powers on the order of 5x10-20 W/Hz1/2 in order to be photon background limited by astrophysical sources. One such mission concept in development is the Galaxy Evolution Probe (GEP), which will characterize galaxy formation and evolution from z=0 to beyond z=4. Kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs) have been baselined for the GEP for spectroscopy and imaging science between 10 μm and 400 μm due to their intrinsic frequency multiplexability and simple readout schemes. We focus on quasiparticle recombination times as a strategy for increasing detector responsivities to move towards the NEP requirements of the GEP. We present a new model for quantifying time constants from the responses of detectors to pulses of light, and test this model on a 40 nm thick ¼ λ Al coplanar waveguide KID. We intend to use this measurement scheme to quantify the dependence of the quasiparticle recombination time on Al thickness.
Prediction of psychotherapy process and outcome with the Personality Assessment Inventory

The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991) contains scales that were designed to make predictions about how an individual might respond to treatment, thereby allowing clinicians to attune treatment plans to a client's specific needs. The present study utilized two features of the PAI as predictors of treatment process and outcome in a sample of 47 outpatient veterans: the Treatment Rejection (RXR) scale and the Treatment Process Index (TPI). Data were collected for three treatment process and outcome measures: treatment utilization (ratio of appointments attended to appointments scheduled), therapist-rated therapeutic alliance, and symptom change over time. Results indicated that RXR significantly predicted utilization over and above the TPI. The TPI significantly predicted the rate of distress symptom decline over time, but RXR did not. Lastly, neither RXR nor the TPI were significant predictors of therapist-rated alliance.
Assessment of Self-Heating Effects Under Lateral Scaling of GaN HEMTs

The impact on self-heating mechanisms observed in GaN HEMTs fabricated on Si substrates is studied by means of a cellular Monte Carlo particle-based device simulator. Within this framework, the thermal effects are included through an energy-balance equation for phonons allowing for self-consistently coupling the charge and heat transport. First, the advanced electrothermal model of an experimental device is developed and calibrated to measured dc characteristics, showing an accurate description throughout the ${I}_{\textsf {DS}}$ ( ${V}_{\textsf {GS}}-{V}_{\textsf {DS}}$ ) space, as a result of capturing the temperature dependence of the scattering processes that modify the charge transport. Then, the model is used to assess the effect of lateral scaling, i.e., reducing the source-to-gate ${L}_{\textsf {SG}}$ and gate-to-drain ${L}_{\textsf {GD}}$ dimensions, in terms of detailed temperature maps obtained for the acoustic and optical phonon modes as well as the electric field and carrier velocity profiles. It is found that the hot spot in the channel is not located at the peak electric field as predicted by previous methods, but instead, it is shifted toward the drain up to 32 nm. Furthermore, it is shown that, while scaled devices offer improved dc and small-signal ac performance, they are subjected to temperatures up to 15% higher in the channel as compared to the original nonscaled device when dissipating the same dc power, and the temperature distribution throughout the device shows a strong correlation with the scaled layout.
Optical waveguides for on-chip fluorescence measurements (Conference Presentation)

Optical waveguides using a visible transparent nitride were developed to perform fluorescence measurement on a chip. Through finite difference time domain (FDTD) design, the exciting green light was guided by the micron-scale ridge waveguide, while its evanescent wave was expanded outside the waveguide surface and capable to efficiently excite the fluorescent molecules that were approaching the waveguide facets. Since the waveguide was centimeters long, it has a longer fluorescence excitation path comparing to traditional samples prepared for microscopy measurements. As result, the waveguide device can excite stronger fluorescent signals. In addition, the nitride waveguide was prepared by the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) process thus enabling high volume manufacturing and reducing the cost of the device fabrication. The AlN waveguide was then integrated with a microfluidic devices to experimentally demonstrate real-time fluorescence detection. Solution samples with different dye concentrations were sequentially injected into the microfluidic chamber. By recording the emission signals, we showed that the fluorescent signals were consistently amplified as the dye concentrations increased. In addition, real-time fluorescence detection with a response time less than seconds was achieved. The developed waveguide based fluorescence measurement provides a new miniaturized platform for low cost and highly accurate point-of-care application.
Validation Testing for Biological Threat Organisms

Conducting validation studies of qualitative biothreat identification assays is a new field compared to validation of standard clinical laboratory techniques or bioanalytical methods. The technical challenges in biothreat assay testing include such things as (a) effects of various bacterial or viral concentration techniques; (b) residual matrix-associated amplification inhibitors; and, (c) differentiating live from dead cells. The determinations that must be made in conducting qualitative assay validation studies are: (1) specificity rate, (2) sensitivity rate, (3) false positive and false negative rates, (4) system suitability testing, (5) robustness, (6) linearity, (7) range, (8) precision and (9) limit of detection. The Association of Analytical Communities (AOAC) requires that each assay validation is completed with a Package Insert review ensuring validation parameters are accurately reflected. Upon completion of validation, a “Quality Policy Certification,” will be issued for each assay and published in the AOAC journal. The focus of the project presented in this paper is to provide the Department of Defense (DoD) and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) with a well-executed plan leading to the successful validation of assays for biothreat agents. The project will hopefully show the need for a Validation Center which can provide thorough and well-designed validation studies for qualitative assays and instrumentation. Validation that qualifies the technique/instrument to sample type, outcome expectations (forensic or force protection) and reproducible detection limits with false positives, false negatives and confidence calculations would also be included. In addition to the main laboratory (Validation Center) executing the validation study, five additional laboratories would also be required to complete validation testing.
Introduction: Imperial Intelligence and a Forgotten Insurgency

The introduction surveys how Bengal became the focus both of British fears regarding Indian terrorism and of concerted police and intelligence efforts to eradicate anticolonial revolutionary activity in the years between the 1905 Partition of Bengal and the outbreak of the Second World War. While recent historians have emphasized the important role of intelligence during the era of post-Second World War decolonization, the extensive intelligence apparatus directed against the Bengali revolutionaries suggests that the roots of imperial intelligence as a sustained practice lie in the interwar era. The book explores the emergence of modern police intelligence in colonial India and how in turn the policing of revolutionaries in Bengal was connected to and influenced police and intelligence work within the wider British Empire. Intelligence experience acquired in Bengal contributed to the construction of a British “intelligence culture” which after the Second World War was disseminated throughout the empire in a new and more intensified fashion. The focus throughout is on the British intelligence officers, Indian officers, and informants and revolutionaries and their allies, ranging from elite anticolonial activists to subaltern maritime workers.
The relationship of public and private religiosity to African American women caregivers' use of alcohol for coping with caregiving burden.

AbstractThe number of African American women providing unpaid care to an older person is increasing. Multiple stresses are associated with the caregiving experience. This article examines the relat...
Healing power: The mammalian macrophage in skeletal regeneration, scar formation, and regenerative medicine

Abstract Common to all types of injuries, inflammation is the initial stage of healing. The final outcome of healing, however, can be quite distinct after different types of injuries. Some tissues, such as bone, excel at regenerating damaged structures while other tissues, for example skin, heal via deposition of excessive, unpatterned collagen. How does the initial inflammatory environment pave the way for regeneration or fibrosis in mammals? In this review, we look at three wound healing paradigms in mammals: fibrosis (i.e. scar formation of skin), tissue-specific regeneration, (i.e. fracture healing), and epimorphic regeneration (i.e. blastema-mediated skeletal regeneration). We discuss the roles that innate immune cells, specifically macrophages, play in each type of repair response in an attempt to synthesize where similarities and differences have been observed across wound healing models. By juxtaposing the roles of macrophages in regeneration and fibrotic healing in this way, we aim to gain insight into how the initial tissue environment sets the stage for the healing outcome. Finally, we discuss how regenerative medicine could capitalize on aspects of the immune response to promote regeneration over fibrotic healing.
Constraint and trade-offs regulate energy expenditure during childhood.

Children’s metabolic energy expenditure is central to evolutionary and epidemiological frameworks for understanding variation in human phenotype and health. Nonetheless, the impact of a physically active lifestyle and heavy burden of infectious disease on child metabolism remains unclear. Using energetic, activity, and biomarker measures, we show that Shuar forager-horticulturalist children of Amazonian Ecuador are ~25% more physically active and, in association with immune activity, have ~20% greater resting energy expenditure than children from industrial populations. Despite these differences, Shuar children’s total daily energy expenditure, measured using doubly labeled water, is indistinguishable from industrialized counterparts. Trade-offs in energy allocation between competing physiological tasks, within a constrained energy budget, appear to shape childhood phenotypic variation (e.g., patterns of growth). These trade-offs may contribute to the lifetime obesity and metabolic health disparities that emerge during rapid economic development.
A New Distributed Voltage Controller for Enabling Volt-Var Support of Microgrids in Grid-Connected Operation

Voltage support is one of ancillary services that can be provided by grid-connected microgrids. This paper presents a new microgrid-level voltage controller to enable microgrids to contribute to distribution system voltage regulation. Like the Volt-Var droop control of the smart inverters, the proposed controller makes sure that the voltage and reactive power flow at microgrid point of common coupling (PCC) follows a proportional relationship. To increase flexibility and avoid centralized computation, a distributed controller design is developed using the distributed averaging algorithm in order to achieve reactive power sharing among multiple distributed energy resources (DERs) within the microgrid. A large signal analysis is performed to study the stability and dynamic characteristics of the closed-loop system. Simulation results show that the proposed controller is effective in providing voltage regulation for distribution systems with multi-microgrid architecture.
Rising Trend of Hypokalemia Prevalence in the US Population and Possible Food Causes.

Background: Potassium intake deficiency is a chronic issue in the US and many other countries. Possible causes of the deficiency are understudied.Objective: This study examined potassium deficiency...
Aerosol Dispersion During Mastoidectomy and Custom Mitigation Strategies for Otologic Surgery in the COVID-19 Era.

ObjectiveTo investigate small-particle aerosolization from mastoidectomy relevant to potential viral transmission and to test source-control mitigation strategies.Study DesignCadaveric simulation.S...
The Gold Standard and the Euro: Conjoined Twins or Distant Relations?

I provide a structured comparison of the nineteenth-century classical gold standard and the Euro, basing my analysis heavily on recent research. Both similarities and differences are evident in the historical record. Both regimes were vaunted as engines of convergence, but in both cases convergence was incomplete. Both were seen as delivering fiscal discipline, but in both cases such discipline was erratic. But whereas the gold standard was always a contingent monetary regime, there is nothing contingent about Euro-area membership. Finally, the gold standard operated in a simpler political setting, one in which mass participation in electoral politics was the exception to the rule.
"My mom calls it Annaland": A Qualitative Study of Phenomenology, Daily Life Impacts, and Treatment Considerations of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo.

Objective: To conduct qualitative analysis of interviews to understand phenomenology, daily life impact, and treatment considerations of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) behaviors in children and ado...
Scale and scaling: A cross-disciplinary perspective

Introduction Scale and heterogeneity are two key concepts in landscape ecology which are inherently related. Scale would matter little in a world where entities and relationships remain invariant across space or time, or in a landscape that is spatially or temporally homogeneous (i.e., uniform or random). However, real landscapes are heterogeneous biophysically and socioeconomically, and they must be treated as such for most questions and problems that interest us as scientists or citizens. Spatial heterogeneity – the diversity of entities and their spatial arrangement – is one of the most essential and unifying features of all natural and anthropogenic systems. Landscape heterogeneity is the manifestation of patchiness (discrete patterns) and gradients (continuous variations) that are intertwined across multiple spatial scales. Thus, scale is indispensable for describing and understanding landscape pattern. It is not surprising, therefore, that scale has become one of the most fundamental concepts in landscape ecology, a field that focuses prominently on spatial heterogeneity and its ecological consequences (Risser et al . 1984, Forman and Godron 1986, Forman 1995, Turner et al . 2001). In fact, landscape ecology has been widely recognized by biologists, geographers, and even social scientists for its leading role in studying scale issues (McBratney 1998, Marceau 1999, Withers and Meentemeyer 1999, Meadowcroft 2002, Sayre 2005). However, it was not until the 1980s that the notion of scale began to gain its prominence in landscape ecology (and in ecology in general). Also, landscape ecology is not the only discipline that deals with scale and spatial pattern.
Racial socialization and resilience among african american college students: The role of racial identity

The current study examined the role of racial identity as a mediator and moderator in the relationship between racial socialization and resiliency for African American students. Campus racial climate was used a as a covariate in the hierarchical multiple regression models. Results indicate that racial identity was not a mediator or moderator in the relationship between racial socialization and resiliency, however, there was a main effect found for Self-Hatred and racial socialization. Participants endorsing greater Self-Hatred reported lower levels of resiliency and those higher on racial socialization reported higher levels of resiliency. Potential theoretical explanations for the findings are discussed, along with implications for practitioners and the strengths and limitations of the study.
New approaches to human-computer interaction-research and design for decision aiding systems

The interaction between the human user and the computer, a central issue in systems intended to assist in higher order cognitive tasks such as decision-making, is addressed. The current research in new approaches to selecting and combining an extensive array of tools and techniques, for constructing the user interface within the context of the system requirements, to maximize human cognitive strengths and mediate the effects of their limitations are presented. Current research in terms of what we think we know about human decision-making processes is described. Advanced information technology tools and techniques are considered. The research agenda, using cognitive systems engineering principles for human computer-interaction (HCI) design, is outlined. Research in HCI design should provide a significant contribution in terms of how principles from cognitive science and the latest advances in information technology may be combined to engineer systems which promote improved decision-making performance in complex environments. >
Molecular structures and catalytic activity. II. Proton reactivity and catalytic polarography of histidine and related imidazole derivatives.

Abstract The catalytic polarographic activity of histidine, imidazole, imidazole acetic acid, histamine, 3-methyl histidine and 1-methyl histidine was studied in cobaltous ammoniacal medium. The effect of pH, concentration and temperature upon the electrode potential and catalytic current of the polarographic waves of histidine were examined, as well as the effect of pH upon the calalytic polarographic activity of imidazole. The results indicate that the catalytic polarographic waves of histidine and the other imidazole derivatives represent the reduction of protons of protonated amino and imidazole groups. The electron to proton transfer is catalyzed by complex formation of the protonated group with Co 2+ . The catalytic electron transfer is limited to a specific electrode potential or energy level and the polarographic waves illustrate the specific energy levels for protons of specific protonated groups in these cobalt complexes, at which the protons can accept electrons.
The Male Antifertility Agents Alpha Chlorohydrin, 5‐Thio‐D‐Glucose, and 6‐Chloro‐6‐Deoxy‐D‐Glucose Interfere with Sugar Transport Across the Epithelium of the Rat Caput Epididymidis

The effects of the male antifertility agents alpha-chlorohydrin, 5-thio-D-glucose, and 6-chloro-6-deoxy-D-glucose on sugar transport (3H-3-O-methyl-D-glucose and 3H-2-deoxy-D-glucose) across the rat caput epithelium was studied in vivo and in vitro. The compound alpha-chlorohydrin reduced sugar transport uptake in vivo but not in vitro, whereas 5-thio-D-glucose and 6-chloro-6-deoxy-D-glucose were both effective in vivo and in vitro. The mechanism of action of these compounds on sugar movement across the caput epithelium is probably complex. Direct competition for the glucose carrier situated on the basolateral membrane and intratubular effects are suggested. Thirty-day injections of 5-thio-D-glucose or alpha-chlorohydrin did not have adverse effects on sugar transport or the permeability of the blood-testis and blood-epididymis barriers as assessed by an in vitro technique.
Understanding Domestic Violence

Domestic violence is a very pervasive and serious social problem in our society. Though there is evidence that within the past 10 years there has been a decrease in husband-to-wife violence, the decrease is small: approximately 1.6 million wives still experience abuse (Straus & Gelles, 1986). This book addresses domestic violence from the points of view of both the assailant and the victim. It shows how they make sense of the violence they inflict or receive. Control emerges as a central theme organizing their thoughts about the batterer’s behavior and emotions: emotions and behavior are in or out of control. Moreover, they also use the notion of control in describing the violence over time. For example, repeated acts of violence are understood in terms of the batterer wanting to control the woman’s behavior. Control is thus our key to understanding domestic violence.
Nonproliferation informatics: Employing Bayesian analysis, agent based modeling, and information theory for dynamic proliferation pathway studies

Decision making on weapons of mass effect (WME) proliferation and counter-proliferation is information driven. However, the large data requirements, along with associated knowledge gaps and intelligence uncertainties, impedes optimal strategy selection. Combining Bayesian analysis, agent based modeling (ABM), and information theory within a security informatics context can aid understanding of dynamic WME proliferation and counter-proliferation pathways and possibilities. The Bayesian ABM Nonproliferation Enterprise (BANE) was developed to incorporate large databases and information sets. There are three broad BANE agent classes: 1) proliferator, 2) defensive, and 3) neutral. Within each agent class exists significant flexibility for them pursuing different objectives. Bayesian analysis cover the technical linkages realistically tying proliferation pathway process steps together. In BANE, Bayesian networks using the Netica software program provide a wide array of scientific and engineering pathway options. Information theory, especially entropy reduction and mutual information, in a Bayesian security informatics arrangement help identify optimal technical areas to master or disrupt. Concurrently, interlocking factors such as available resources, technical sophistication, time horizons, detection risks, and agent affinities impact agents' ability to achieve their goals. Actions taken by one BANE agent on the proliferation or counter-proliferation front affect its future opportunities and those of potential partner or adversarial agents. An explanation of the BANE framework and several key security informatics aspects crucial to WME proliferation and counter-proliferation analysis are provided.
Can Genetics Predict Response to Complex Behavioral Interventions? Evidence from a Genetic Analysis of the Fast Track Randomized Control Trial

Early interventions are a preferred method for addressing behavioral problems in high-risk children, but often have only modest effects. Identifying sources of variation in intervention effects can suggest means to improve efficiency. One potential source of such variation is the genome. We conducted a genetic analysis of the Fast Track randomized control trial, a 10-year-long intervention to prevent high-risk kindergarteners from developing adult externalizing problems including substance abuse and antisocial behavior. We tested whether variants of the glucocorticoid receptor gene NR3C1 were associated with differences in response to the Fast Track intervention. We found that in European-American children, a variant of NR3C1 identified by the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs10482672 was associated with increased risk for externalizing psychopathology in control group children and decreased risk for externalizing psychopathology in intervention group children. Variation in NR3C1 measured in this study was not associated with differential intervention response in African-American children. We discuss implications for efforts to prevent externalizing problems in high-risk children and for public policy in the genomic era.
Women's Health Initiative Hormone Therapy Trials

The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) trials were designed to determine the balance of benefits and risks of HT taken for chronic disease prevention by initially healthy postmenopausal women (age range, 50—79 years; mean age, 63 years). Women with an intact uterus were randomized to estrogen–progestin or placebo for a mean of 5.6 years; women with hysterectomy were randomized to estrogen alone or placebo for a mean of 7.1 years. Compared with their respective placebo-group counterparts, women in the estrogen–progestin group were significantly more likely to experience an adverse health event, whereas women in the estrogen-alone group were as likely to do so. Specifically, estrogen–progestin was associated with increased risks of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, venous thromboembolism, and breast cancer, as well as reduced risks of hip fracture and colorectal cancer. Estrogen alone was associated with an increased risk of stroke and a reduced risk of hip fracture; it had no effect on CHD risk. The results do not support the use of HT for chronic disease prevention in postmenopausal women as a whole. However, because few WHI participants were within 5 years of menopause, these trials cannot conclusively determine the risk–benefit balance of HT in recently menopausal women. Accumulating data suggest that the timing of HT initiation in relation to age or menopause onset may critically influence the relationship between such therapy and risk of CHD as well as its overall risk–benefit balance, with younger or recently menopausal women experiencing more favorable effects than older women or women further from menopause. Keywords: breast cancer; cardiovascular disease; colorectal cancer; coronary heart disease; estrogen; hip fracture; postmenopausal hormone therapy; menopause; mortality; progestogen; osteoporosis; stroke; vasomotor symptoms; venous thromboembolism; women
Dopamine receptors reveal an essential role of IFT-B, KIF17, and Rab23 in delivering specific receptors to primary cilia

Appropriate physiological signaling by primary cilia depends on the specific targeting of particular receptors to the ciliary membrane, but how this occurs remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that D1-type dopaminergic receptors are delivered to cilia from the extra-ciliary plasma membrane by a mechanism requiring the receptor cytoplasmic tail, the intraflagellar transport complex-B (IFT-B), and ciliary kinesin KIF17. This targeting mechanism critically depends on Rab23, a small guanine nucleotide binding protein that has important effects on physiological signaling from cilia but was not known previously to be essential for ciliary delivery of any cargo. Depleting Rab23 prevents dopamine receptors from accessing the ciliary membrane. Conversely, fusion of Rab23 to a non-ciliary receptor is sufficient to drive robust, nucleotide-dependent mis-localization to the ciliary membrane. Dopamine receptors thus reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism of ciliary receptor targeting and functional role of Rab23 in promoting this process.
Diet quality of cancer survivors and noncancer individuals: Results from a national survey

BACKGROUND Patterns of poor nutritional intake may exacerbate the elevated morbidity experienced by cancer survivors. It remains unclear whether cancer survivors adhere to existing dietary guidelines and whether survivors' diets differ from those of individuals without cancer over the long term. METHODS The authors evaluated dietary intake and quality in 1533 adult cancer survivors who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2010 compared with dietary intake and quality in 3075 individuals who had no history of cancer and were matched to the cancer survivors by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour dietary recalls. The 2010 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) was used to evaluate diet quality. RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation HEI-2010 total score was 47.2 ± 0.5 in the cancer survivors and 48.3 ± 0.4 in the noncancer group (P = .03). Compared with the noncancer group, cancer survivors had a significantly lower score for empty calories (13.6 vs 14.4; P = .001), which corresponded to worse adherence to dietary intake of calories from solid fats, alcohol, and added sugars. Cancer survivors also had significantly lower dietary intake of fiber than the noncancer group (15.0 vs 15.9 g per day; P = .02). In relation to recommended intake, survivors' mean dietary intake of vitamin D, vitamin E, potassium, fiber, and calcium was 31%, 47%, 55%, 60%, and 73%, respectively; whereas their mean dietary intake of saturated fat and sodium was 112% and 133%, respectively, of the recommended intake. CONCLUSIONS Cancer survivors had poor adherence to the US Department of Agriculture 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, and their intake patterns were worse than those in the general population for empty calories and fiber. Cancer 2015;121:4212–4221. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Stress-wave propagation in axiallysymmetric test specimens

When a body is stressed, dislocations tend to pile up against an obstacle. If they suddenly break through the obstacle, then a small stress wave, known as an acoustic emission, is generated. Acoustic-emission research is attempting to correlate this phenomenon to the onset of yielding of a tensile-test specimen. The reliable detection of the acoustic emissions depend on the proper design of the system consisting of the test specimen, the instrumentation and the experimental techniques. In turn, the design must be based on a fundamental knowledge of the stress-wave propagation through the specimen.
Herpes Simplex Virus Infections of the Nervous System: Problems in Laboratory Diagnosis

HERPES SIMPLEX virus Herpesvirus hominis ) has recently attracted the increasing attention of neurologists. Formerly thought to be a rare cause of central nervous system (CNS) disease, this agent is now recognized as the most common cause of sporadic fatal encephalitis in this country. 1-3 Further, a recent clinical and laboratory analysis 4 would confirm the suggestion of others 3-7 that herpes simplex encephalitis can present with unique clinical features, as well as a characteristic pathological involvement of the orbital-frontal and medial-temporal areas of the brain. The proposals that herpes simplex virus may play an etiologic role in subacute inclusion body encephalitis 8 and acute hemorrhagic leucoencephalitis 9 have further stimulated neurological interest in this agent. However, implication of the herpes simplex virus in the causation of any of these disorders must depend ultimately upon valid laboratory studies. Three laboratory methods have been employed to establish a diagnosis of herpes
Impinging Flow as a Model for Atherosclerosis

Impinging flow in the vascular system is found at bifurcations and long curved vessels, and also in the pathological state of stenosed vessels. These are also the most prevalent regions of the vascular system for the progression of atherosclerosis. To model the in vivo vascular geometry we modified a parallel-plate flow chamber for in vitro experiments. This new impinging flow chamber recreates the local fluid streamlines of flow separation near a stagnation point in Stokes flow. We have mapped out the near wall x- and y- velocity components of this impinging flow chamber using 1.9 μm diameter fluorescent tracer beads. The near-wall flow velocity shows good agreement with the theoretical analysis of Heimenz’s solution for 2-D plane impinging flow, and with a 3-D computational fluid dynamics simulation of the model impinging flow chamber.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Environmental drivers of methane fluxes from an urban temperate wetland park

Methane (CH4) emissions were measured at the Wilma H. Schiermeier Olentangy River Wetland Research Park (ORWRP) over three summers and two winters using an eddy covariance system. We used an empirical model to determine the main environmental drivers of methane emissions. Methane emissions covary strongly with water vapor fluxes, CO2 fluxes, and soil temperature. We adjust our models to account for the heterogeneous environment of the wetland by including the flux footprint distribution among different microsites as a predictive variable in the methane model. We used a forward linear stepwise model in combination with an Akaike information criteria-based model selection process and neural network modeling to determine which environmental variables are most effective in modeling methane emissions in our site. Different models and environmental variables best represented methane fluxes in the winter and summer and also during the day or night within each season. We parameterized an optimal empirical model for methane emissions from the ORWRP that is used for gap filling of site-level methane fluxes over 2 years. Some of the most effective variables for modeling methane were carbon, water vapor, and heat fluxes, all of which typically have the same data gaps as the time series of methane flux. In order to determine if these variables were useful for modeling methane despite the additional gap-filling error, we determined through an error propagation experiment that eddy covariance gap-filling models for methane may be best developed by including other gap-filled fluxes as predictors, despite the high level of shared gaps and subsequent gap-fill error propagation.
On the time development of meander bends

According to the theory of Ikeda, Parker & Sawai (1981), meander migration rate at a point depends on a convolution integral of channel curvature from that point upstream. The problem can be quantified in terms of the bend equation. The time development of periodic bend trains of finite amplitude is analysed using the method of two-timing. The results apply near the critical wavenumber for the growth of bends of infinitesimal amplitude.A finite-amplitude equilibrium state bifurcating from the null state at the critical wavenumber was delineated by Parker, Diplas & Akiyama (1983): they called the resulting solution the Kinoshita curve. It is found herein that this equilibrium state is unstable. Bends of longer Cartesian wavelength grow to cutoff. Shorter bends are obliterated. Nevertheless, in either case, the bend train tends towards the shape of the Kinoshita curve.The theory suggests that some growing bends may be stabilized by local obstructions to downstream migration. The obstructions would cause an effective reduction in Cartesian wavelength, moving the bend from the unstable regime to the stable regime. A rather crude check of bend shape and rates of deformation generally lends support to the analysis.
On the effect of the uncompensated solution resistance on the applicability of the galvanostatic relaxation techniques and comparison to steady-state techniques for electrode kinetic measurements

The effect of the uncompensated resistance between the reference and working electrodes was investigated on the applicability fields of the single and double pulse galvanostatic relaxation techniques for the determination of exchange current density. The applicability field is defined in terms of three characteristic times of the electrode system: τc, the time constant of the double layer capacitance—reaction resistance system; τd, the time constant of the diffusion impedence—reaction resistance system; and τr, the time constant of the double layer capacitance—uncompensated solution resistance system. Within the boundaries of this field, the exchange current density can be determined with a maximum error of ±20%. It was found that the techniques are limited by the uncompensated solution resistance to τr ⩽ 0.2τc. An applicability diagram was also constructed for steady-state measurement techniques. In this case, the applicability field is defined in terms of k0 (the apparent standard rate constant of the reaction), km (rate constant of diffusion), and τr and τc. A comparison reveals that, at small τc values, the relaxation techniques can be used for systems with larger ko values than can the steady-state techniques, but at large τc the situation is reversed. The crossover point depends on the specific techniques compared; for example, for the double pulse galvanostatic technique with computer curve-fitting data evaluation compared to the rotating disc electrode steady-state technique, the crossover is τc τ~ 10−2 s.
Evaluation of two herbicide techniques on electric transmission rights-of-way: Development of relatively stable shrublands

Postmanagement vegetation patterns were studied on five transmission rights-of-way subjected to over a decade of basal or stem-foliar herbicide applications designed to eliminate tall-growing trees. The basally treated lines had a mean of 100% greater shrub and 50% less herbaceous cover than stem-foliar treated lines due primarily to the lack of overspray damage to nontarget plant species with the basal technique. Persisting tree growth was also 50% less with basal treatments whenSassafras albidum, a rootsuckering problem species on all areas, was excluded. Tree seedling establishment on basally treated rights-of-way was 34% less than on stem-foliar treated lines. The creation of stable shrublands can potentially reduce the amount of future herbicide usage. These findings also lend support to the Initial Floristic Composition concept in vegetation development proposed by Egler. In southern New England, commercial basal applications can effectively control unwanted tree growth on rights-of-way while promoting the development of relatively stable shrublands which tend to inhibit the invasion of tree seedlings.