cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Overview of Research in The New Madrid Seismic Zone

We review the development of understanding of the seismicity and tectonic structure of the New Madrid seismic zone and the upper Mississippi embayment. The broad framework of a failed intracontinental rift with reactivated seismogenic faults was not established until the mid-1970s. By the early 1990s a much more detailed knowledge of the rift and the current seismicity has been gained but fundamental questions remain. The 25 papers of this Special Issue of Seismological Research Letters convey the location of the most recent research front in such diverse fields as seismology, paleoseismology, seismic and potential-field investigation of rift structure, neotectonic deformation, and seismic hazard estimation and response. The new information content of these papers, considered ensemble, is enormous and highlights the tremendous progress made since the 1970s. These current studies, in turn, sharpen the focus on remaining outstanding problems of seismogenesis in the New Madrid seismic zone. We close with a discussion of what we believe will be the important foci of research in the 1990s.
443 INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION AFFECTS POSTNATAL RIBONUCLEIC ACID LEVELS OF PROTEINS INVOLVED IN RETINOIC ACID SIGNALING AND METABOLISM.

Introduction Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) affects postnatal hepatic gene expression. Many of these changes are secondary to epigenetic modifications of chromatin, which are often gender specific. The gender-specific effects of IUGR upon chromatin structure widens from day of life (DOL) 0 through DOL 21. The signaling mechanism responsible for the progressive difference between the genders is unknown. Preliminary data from differential display RT-PCR experiments suggest that IUGR affects mRNA levels of protein involved in retinoic acid metabolism. These findings are intriguing because retinoic acid and its receptors are known to alter chromatin structure in multiple cell culture systems. Hypothesis We hypothesized that IUGR would alter mRNA levels of the following genes involved in retinoic acid signaling and metabolism: RARα (receptor), RARβ (receptor), RARγ (receptor), aldh1a1 (synthesis), aldh1a2 (synthesis), CYP26a1 (degradation), and Rbp1 (transport). Methods Induction of IUGR was done through bilateral uterine artery ligation of the pregnant rat at day 19 of gestation with delivery by cesarean section on day 21.5 (term) of gestation. Using liver tissue from day 0 and day 21 rat pups, mRNA was isolated, cDNA synthesized, and RT-PCR used to analyze the genes listed above. Results IUGR significantly decreased RARγ expression in DOL21 female livers (p Conclusion IUGR induced by uteroplacental insufficiency increases mRNA levels of RARγ in female IUGR liver and decreases mRNA levels of CYP26a1 in male IUGR livers. These gender-specific differences are intriguing, considering that they parallel the gender-specific differences in chromatin structure and histone modifications previously described. Furthermore, the decrease in male CYP26a1 levels suggests that the male IUGR rat is vitamin A deficient, despite 3 weeks of ad libitum feeding. We speculate that the gender-specific differences in RA signaling and metabolism may play a role in the progressive gender differences observed in the IUGR rat.
Detection of damage precursors with embedded magnetostrictive particles

Polymer composites subjected to cyclic loading would exhibit damage precursors, such as crazes and microcracks, during the first few load cycles. However, damage precursors are not readily detectable with existing sensing techniques, and as such current service life prediction methods depend on macroscopic damage measures. For critical airframe structures, information on macroscopic damage does not provide adequate warning time for corrective actions. This article explores the feasibility of embedding particulate magnetostrictive particles for sensing damage precursors during the early stage of fatigue damage. The sensing is based on the notion that magnetostrictive particles undergo irreversible changes in magnetization intensity when subjected to cyclic loading, and that this change can be captured with an induction coil sensor. In the sequel, Terfenol-D particles are embedded between layers of pre-preg AS4/3501-6 material system. The specimen is then subjected to fatigue loading while monitoring the ch...
Transcriptome analysis of human cumulus cells reveals hypoxia as the main determinant of follicular senescence.

Study question Can RNA sequencing of human cumulus cells (CC) reveal molecular pathways involved in the physiology of reproductive aging? Study finding Senescent but not young CC activate gene pathways associated with hypoxia and oxidative stress. What is known already Shifts in socioeconomic norms are resulting in larger numbers of women postponing childbearing. The reproductive potential is sharply decreased with aging, and the reasons are poorly understood. Since CCs play an integral role in oocyte maturation and direct access to human oocytes is limited, we used whole transcriptome analysis of these somatic cells to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms playing a role in follicular senescence. Study design, samples/materials, methods Twenty CC samples (from a total of 15 patients) were obtained from oocytes of either male factor or egg donor patients. RNA sequencing and bioinformatic tools were used to identify differentially expressed genes between CCs from seven aged and eight young patients ( 40 y.o.). Quantitative-PCR and immunoflourescent staining were used for validation. Main results and the role of chance RNA sequencing identified 11 572 genes expressed in CC of both age cohorts, 45 of which were differentially expressed. In CC collected from patients >40 y.o., genes involved in the hypoxia stress response (NOS2, RORA and NR4A3), vasculature development (NR2F2, PTHLH), glycolysis (RALGAPA2 and TBC1D4) and cAMP turnover (PDE4D) were significantly overexpressed when compared with CC of patients younger than 35 y.o. Limitations, reasons for caution This study focused almost exclusively on assessing the genetic differences in CC transcriptome between young and older women. These genetic findings were not fully correlated with embryonic development and clinical outcome. Wider implications of the findings Our data provide a new hypothesis-follicular hypoxia-as the main mechanism leading to ovarian follicular senescence and suggest a link between cumulus cell aging and oocyte quality decay. If specific molecular findings of hypoxia would be confirmed also in oocytes, genetic platforms could screen CC for hypoxic damage and identify healthier oocytes. Protocols of ovarian stimulation in older patients could also be adjusted to diminish oocyte exposure time to hypoxic follicles. Large scale data GEO accession number: GSE81579 STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTERESTS: Funded in part by EMD Serono Grant for Fertility Innovation (GFI).
Combined recombinant human erythropoietin-blood letting strategy for treating anemia and iron overload in hemodialysis patients.

We studied the feasibility of treating refractory anemia and post-transfusional serious hemochromatosis in a patient undergoing hemodialysis (3x4 h weekly) for fourteen years, with recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) associated with blood-letting. Blood transfusion previously received by the patient at a rate of two units of packed red cells every month for nine years was stopped and r-HuEPO (80 U/kg b.w.) was administered i.v. at the end of each hemodialysis. When Hct increased over 30%, approximately 40 ml of blood was removed per hemodialysis session in an attempt to accelerate iron loss. Excellent control of anemia and hemochromatosis was achieved after seven months of treatment. The patient's general condition and skin pigmentation were significantly improved.
Duality Theory in Infinite Horizon Optimization Models

In intertemporal resource allocation problems with no terminal date, price systems which characterize efficient or optimal allocations have figured prominently since the pioneering contribution by Malinvaud (1953). The method of duality theory that has been developed to study such problems relies on convex analysis and may be viewed as an extension of the corresponding theory for static or finite horizon allocation problems. The purpose of this survey is to introduce the reader to this method by showing how it has been applied in the literature dealing with optimal intertemporal allocation, when future utilities are discounted, which constitutes only a part (although a significant one) of the class of problems referred to above. A major accomplishment of this literature is the result that, in a very general framework of capital accumulation (often referred to in the literature as a reduced-form model), optimal programs may be characterized by the existence of dual variables, interpreted as “shadow prices”, such that at these prices the given program satisfies the so-called “competitive conditions” and the “transversality condition”. The competitive conditions are analogous to those in static or finite horizon optimality problems, and involve myopic (generalized) intertemporal profit maximization. The fundamental difference stems from the infinite-horizon nature of the problem, and is captured by the transversality condition. The usefulness of this central result may be described as follows. Sufficient conditions (in terms of shadow prices) for a program to be optimal can be used to check whether a candidate program is optimal, if one has a good idea of
The Selection of Eo for EXAFS Spectra of Disordered Systems

The selection of an appropriate value of the threshold energy, Eo has long been recognized as an important and somewhat difficult problem which must be confronted when analyzing EXAFS data. Numerous methods for selecting Eo have been proposed over the last decade (see [1–4] for example). In this paper we emphasize that the assumptions made in justifying most of these methods are invalid in cases where the material under consideration has an asymmetric distribution function. In particular, the practice of treating Eo as a free parameter has been found to be inappropriate for such systems.
A Guide to Advanced Real Analysis: Measure and Integration: General Theory

The theory of measure of subsets of Euclidean space (length, area, volume, and their analogues in higher dimensions) and the closely related theory of integration of functions on Euclidean space have a very long history. Much of the modern theory, however, does not depend on the particular features of the geometry of Euclidean space. It can be developed in a much more general setting with no additional effort, and in this more general form it yields results that can be applied in many additional situations. This abstract theory is the subject of the present chapter; themethods for constructing interesting examples of measures and integrals and the study of the particular properties of these examples will be discussed in the following chapter. However, readers who prefer to anchor their thoughts in concrete situations are free to do so from the outset; we shall add a few comments at appropriate points for their benefit. M easures Roughly speaking, a measure on a space X is a function µ that assigns to a set E ⊂ X a number µ( E ) ∈ [0, ∞], such that µ(∪ j E j ) = ∑ j µ( E j ) whenever { E j } is a finite or infinite sequence of disjoint sets. The following are some typical situations that give rise to measures. If X = ℝ 3 , µ( E ) can be the volume of E . If X is a surface in ℝ 3 , µ( E ) can be the surface area of E . …
Early Development: Geography and Social Networks

I begin this chapter with an analysis of the early development of migrant children schools in the 1990s that focuses on the role of social networks in a local context. I describe the demographics of the early founders of these schools in the migrant communities in Beijing and trace the trajectories of the schools’ development by focusing on the stories of one migrant children school’s principal. The stories help to illustrate how early migrants were supported in starting the schools by networks of kinship, places of origin, and friendships; what they encountered from the state authorities’ regulations over migrant communities; and how group solidarity was gradually formed among migrant students, teachers, and their families.
Crystal structures of fac-tri-carbonyl-chlorido-(6,6'-dihy-droxy-2,2'-bi-pyridine)-rhenium(I) tetra-hydro-furan monosolvate and fac-bromido-tricarbon-yl(6,6'-dihy-droxy-2,2'-bi-pyridine)-manganese(I) tetra-hydro-furan monosolvate.

The structures of two facially coordinated Group VII metal complexes, fac-[ReCl(C10H8N2O2)(CO)3]·C4H8O (I·THF) and fac-[MnBr(C10H8N2O2)(CO)3]·C4H8O (II·THF), are reported. In both complexes, the metal ion is coordinated by three carbonyl ligands, a halide ligand, and a 6,6′-dihy­droxy-2,2′-bi­pyridine ligand in a distorted octa­hedral geometry. Both complexes co-crystallize with a non-coordinating tetra­hydro­furan (THF) solvent mol­ecule and exhibit inter­molecular but not intra­molecular hydrogen bonding. In both crystal structures, chains of complexes are formed due to inter­molecular hydrogen bonding between a hy­droxy group from the 6,6′-dihy­droxy-2,2′-bi­pyridine ligand and the halide ligand from a neighboring complex. The THF mol­ecule is hydrogen bonded to the remaining hy­droxy group.
Turning the tide or riptide? The changing opioid epidemic

ABSTRACTThe US opioid epidemic has changed profoundly in the last 3 years, in ways that require substantial recalibration of the US policy response. This report summarizes the changing nature of overdose deaths in Jefferson County (home to Birmingham, Alabama) using data updated through June 30, 2016. Heroin and fentanyl have come to dominate an escalating epidemic of lethal opioid overdose, whereas opioids commonly obtained by prescription play a minor role, accounting for no more than 15% of reported deaths in 2015. Such local data, along with similar reports from other localities, augment the insights available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's current overdose summary, which lacks data from 2015–2016 and lacks information regarding fentanyl in particular. The observed changes in the opioid epidemic are particularly remarkable because they have emerged despite sustained reductions in opioid prescribing and sustained reductions in prescription opioid misuse. Among US adults, past-yea...
The ability of low-magnitude mechanical signals to normalize bone turnover in adolescents hospitalized for anorexia nervosa

We sought to determine whether low-magnitude mechanical stimulation (LMMS) normalizes bone turnover among adolescents hospitalized for anorexia nervosa (AN). Brief, daily LMMS prevents the decline in bone turnover typically seen during bed rest in AN. LMMS may have application for patients with AN in the inpatient setting to protect bone health. Malnourished adolescents with AN requiring medical hospitalization are at high risk for rapid reduction in skeletal quality. Even short-term bed rest can suppress normal patterns of bone turnover. We sought to determine whether LMMS normalizes bone turnover among adolescents hospitalized for complications of AN. In this randomized, double-blind trial, we prospectively enrolled adolescent females (n = 41) with AN, age 16.3 ± 1.9 years (mean ± SD) and BMI 15.6 ± 1.7 kg/m2. Participants were randomized to stand on a platform delivering LMMS (0.3 g at 32-37 Hz) or placebo platform for 10 min/day for 5 days. Serum markers of bone formation [bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP)], turnover [osteocalcin (OC)], and bone resorption [serum C-telopeptides (CTx)] were measured. From a random coefficients model, we constructed estimates and confidence intervals for all outcomes. BSAP decreased by 2.8% per day in the placebo arm (p = 0.03) but remained stable in the LMMS group (p = 0.51, pdiff = 0.04). CTx did not change with placebo (p = 0.56) but increased in the LMMS arm (+6.2% per day, p = 0.04; pdiff = 0.01). Serum OC did not change in either group (p > 0.70). Bed rest during hospitalization for patients with AN is associated with a suppression of bone turnover, which may contribute to diminished bone quality. Brief, daily LMMS prevents a decline in bone turnover during bed rest in AN. Protocols prescribing strict bed rest may not be appropriate for protecting bone health for these patients. LMMS may have application for these patients in the inpatient setting.
Merging Contradictory Laws: Imagining a Constructive Derivation of Quantum Theory

In quantum theory, we compute probabilities by squaring the magnitudes of complex probability amplitudes . Though physicists have gotten used to this procedure, it remains puzzling that nature should be constructed such that this way of computing probabilities agrees so perfectly with the empirical facts.
Anticipatory Self-Defense Claims as a Lens for Reexamining Zealous Advocacy and Anti-Bias Disciplinary Norms

This article examines aspects of recently adopted ABA Model Rule 8.4(g), which subjects lawyers to professional discipline for discriminatory harassment or bias. This article, however, arises out of the Texas Tech Law Review 2016 criminal law symposium on violence against women. I participated specifically on a symposium panel focusing on “anticipatory” self-defense claims. As a result, this article follows a fairly non-linear trajectory in addressing Model Rule 8.4(g). I initially define and analyze “anticipatory” self-defense claims, and conclude that these claims involve highly discretionary culpability judgments. This discretion creates an enhanced opportunity for bias in decision-making, and powerful scholarship indicates that this bias often cuts across gender lines, favoring men and disfavoring women in self-defense claims. Next, I inquire whether the advocacy of criminal defense lawyers in these cases improperly contributes to a gender bias dynamic. Looking at this question through the lens of traditional zealous advocacy, I conclude that the enhanced discretion built into anticipatory self-defense claims can invite improperly biased advocacy, because the zealous advocacy model trains defense lawyers to traffic in bias that favors their clients. Moreover, in this environment of zealous advocacy, lawyers’ own implicit biases about violence and gender can reinforce the influence of gender bias on a lawyer’s advocacy choices. Here is where Model Rule 8.4(g) appears. Model Rule 8.4(g), I argue, is an important and valuable new disciplinary norm, because it makes clear that a lawyer’s bar card is not a professional license to discriminate. The precise question I pose for this article, however, is whether this disciplinary rule also should police the line separating proper from improper criminal defense lawyer advocacy. Examining selected legislative history behind Model Rule 8.4(g), I endorse the “advocacy and advice” exception that the final rule ultimately included after significant debate. I do not take this position because improperly biased defense lawyer advocacy should be embraced or even tolerated. Rather, I defend this exception because zealous defense lawyer advocacy plays a uniquely critical role in our criminal justice system, and subjecting defense advocacy strategies to professional discipline on claims of improper bias may do more harm to social justice than good. To address the legitimate concerns for how gender and other improper bias may animate defense lawyer advocacy, I explore mechanisms outside of the disciplinary system for regulating this lawyer misconduct.
Implement Multichannel Fractional Sample Rate Convertor using Genetic Algorithm

In this paper reduce power of multichannel fractional sample rate convertor by minimized hamming distance between consecutive coefficients of filter using Genetic algorithm. The main component of multichannel fractional sample rate convertor is Cascaded multiple architecture finite impulse response filter CMFIR filter. CMFIR is implemented by cascading of cascaded integrator-comb CIC & multiply accumulate architecture MAC FIR filter. Genetic algorithm minimizes the hamming distance between consecutive coefficients of CMFIR filter. By Minimizing the hamming distance of consecutive filter coefficient reduces the transaction from 0 to 1 or 1 to 0. These techniques reduce the switching activity of CMOS transistor which is directly reduces Dynamic power consumption by multichannel sample rate convertor, it also minimizes the total power consumption of multichannel fractional sample rate convertor. later than use genetic algorithm on 1 to 128 channel Down sample rate convertor total power reduced by 3.44% to 61.56%, dynamic power reduced by 9.09% to 56.25%.1 to 128 channel Up sample rate convertor total power reduced by 2.81% to 45.42%, dynamic power reduced by 4.76% to 56%, 1 to 128 channel fractional sample rate convertor total power reduced by 1.44% to 17.17%, dynamic power reduced by 6.25% to 19.92%.
A Single Layer 3-D Touch Sensing System for Mobile Devices Application

Touch sensing has been widely implemented as a main methodology to bridge human and machine interactions. The traditional touch sensing range is 2-D and therefore limits the user experience. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel 3-D contactless touch sensing called Airtouch system, which improves user experience by remotely detecting single/multi-finger position. A single layer touch panel with triangle-shaped electrodes is proposed to achieve multitouch detection capability as well as manufacturing cost reduction. Moreover, an oscillator-based-capacitive touch sensing circuit is implemented as the sensing hardware with the bootstrapping technique to eliminate the interchannel coupling effects. To further improve the system accuracy, a grouping algorithm is proposed to group the useful channels’ data and filter out hardware noise impact. Finally, improved algorithms are proposed to eliminate the fringing capacitance effect and achieve accurate finger position estimation. EM simulation proved that the proposed algorithm reduced the maximum systematic error by 11 dB in the horizontal position detection. The proposed system consumes 2.3 mW and is fully compatible with existing mobile device environments. A prototype is built to demonstrate that the system can successfully detect finger movement in a vertical direction up to 6 cm and achieve a horizontal resolution up to 0.6 cm at 1 cm finger-height. As a new interface for human and machine interactions, this system offers great potential in finger movement detection and gesture recognition for small-sized electronics and advanced human interactive games for mobile device.
Geoelectric monitoring at the Boulder magnetic observatory

Abstract. Despite its importance to a range of applied and fundamental studies, and obvious parallels to a robust network of magnetic-field observatories, long-term geoelectric field monitoring is rarely performed. The installation of a new geoelectric monitoring system at the Boulder magnetic observatory of the US Geological Survey is summarized. Data from the system are expected, among other things, to be used for testing and validating algorithms for mapping North American geoelectric fields. An example time series of recorded electric and magnetic fields during a modest magnetic storm is presented. Based on our experience, we additionally present operational aspects of a successful geoelectric field monitoring system.
Spectroscopy and DFT Calculations of a Flavo-diiron Enzyme Implicate New Diiron Site Structures

Flavo-diiron proteins (FDPs) are non-heme iron containing enzymes that are widespread in anaerobic bacteria, archaea, and protozoa, serving as the terminal components to dioxygen and nitric oxide reductive scavenging pathways in these organisms. FDPs contain a dinuclear iron active site similar to that in hemerythrin, ribonucleotide reductase, and methane monooxygenase, all of which can bind NO and O2. However, only FDP competently turns over NO to N2O. Here, EPR and Mossbauer spectroscopies allow electronic characterization of the diferric and diferrous species of FDP. The exchange-coupling constant J (Hex = JS1·S2) was found to increase from +20 cm–1 to +32 cm–1 upon reduction of the diferric to the diferrous species, indicative of (1) at least one hydroxo bridge between the iron ions for both states and (2) a change to the diiron core structure upon reduction. In comparison to characterized diiron proteins and synthetic complexes, the experimental values were consistent with a dihydroxo bridged diferri...
Overall Photocatalytic Water Splitting with Suspended NiO-SrTiO3 Nanocrystals

In the presence of NiO cocatalyst, large band gap (3.2 eV) SrTiO3 (STO) semiconductor catalyzes the overall water splitting reaction under UV light irradiation. As our results show, this reactivity persists at the nanoscale, although the process is less effective. Here, we compared the reactivity of Bulk STO, 30 ± 5 nm STO and 6.5 ± 1 nm STO. These materials were synthesized by three different methods and were all found to be crystalline with XRD, and were imaged with HRTEM before and after NiO deposition. When NiO is present on the surface of STO, each sample showed photocatalytic activity for overall water splitting from water into stoichiometric mixtures of H2 and O2 gas. The highest rates were observed for Bulk-STO (30 μmol g−1 h−1) followed by 30 nm STO (19.4 μmol g−1 h−1) and 6.5 nm STO (3.0 μmol g−1 h−1). We attribute this trend to reduced light absorption due to a quantum size effect, an increase of water oxidation overpotentials for the smaller particles, and a shift of the conduction band edge towards more oxidizing values. Traditionally, NiO-STO is viewed as a two-photon catalyst material; however, we present arguments in favor of a z-scheme four-photon mechanism for electron transport during the water splitting reactions.
The Utility of PET/CT in the Planning of External Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer

Radiotherapy and radical prostatectomy are the definitive treatment options for patients with localized prostate cancer. A rising level of prostate-specific antigen after radical prostatectomy indicates prostate cancer recurrence, and these patients may still be cured with salvage radiotherapy. To maximize chance for cure, the irradiated volumes should completely encompass the extent of disease. Therefore, accurate estimation of the location of disease is critical for radiotherapy planning in both the definitive and the salvage settings. Current first-line imaging for prostate cancer has limited sensitivity for detection of disease both at initial staging and at biochemical recurrence. Integration of PET into routine evaluation of prostate cancer patients may improve both staging accuracy and radiotherapy planning. 18F-FDG PET/CT is now routinely used in radiation planning for several cancer types. However, 18F-FDG PET/CT has low sensitivity for prostate cancer. Additional PET probes evaluated in prostate cancer include 18F-sodium fluoride, 11C-acetate, 11C- or 18F-choline, 18F-fluciclovine, and 68Ga- or 18F-labeled ligands that bind prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). PSMA ligands appear to be the most sensitive and specific but have not yet received Food and Drug Administration New Drug Application approval for use in the United States. Retrospective and prospective investigations suggest a potential major impact of PET/CT on prostate radiation treatment planning. Prospective trials randomizing patients to routine radiotherapy planning versus PET/CT-aided planning may show meaningful clinical outcomes. Prospective clinical trials evaluating the addition of 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT for planning of salvage radiotherapy with clinical endpoints are under way. Prospective trials evaluating the clinical impact of PSMA PET/CT on prostate radiation planning are indicated.
Secular Polyphony during the Reigns of Ferdinand and Isabella (1474–1516)

MS 2092 at the Madrid Biblioteca Nacional chronicles the acts of the Constable of Castile, Miguel Lucas de Iranzo, who during the civil strife darkening Henry IV’s reign sided with his king. Along with the account of the Constable’s deeds for 1466 a musical insertion fills fols. 234v.–235, Versos fechos en loor del Condestable. This piece (transcribed below at p. 205), takes pride of place as the earliest surviving bit of Spanish secular part-song that can be dated.
Analysis of a multi-axial quantum-informed ferroelectric continuum model: Part 2—sensitivity analysis:

We illustrate the use of global sensitivity analysis, and a parameter subset selection algorithm based on local sensitivity analysis, to quantify the relative influence of parameters in polarizatio...
Fossil Opera: Persephone in the Late Anthropocene

The 2015–2016 HingeWorks opera Persephone in the Late Anthropocene, by composer Denis Nye and librettist Megan Grumbling, does not involve singing. Its mythic heroine cannot send out cosmic arpeggios like Mozart’s night queen; she is limited to speech. A string quartet plays digitally manipulated fragments as actors speak the story of Persephone, transported to the age of climate crisis. Persephone speaks snatches of language ranging from lyric poetry to an imagined Farmer’s Almanac as she moves through the Underworld, remembering her flowering Earthly home, her mother Demeter “in the home” and heavily medicated. Adapting Greek narrative to an era of climate disruption, the opera works as an improvisational human artifact, preserved like a fossil remnant of a grand old art form.
Restricted movement of prairie fishes in fragmented riverscapes risks ecosystem structure being ratcheted downstream

Prairie streams are dynamic systems in which habitat patches are sporadically created and lost during extreme hydrological events. The persistence of fish species depends on life‐history traits that facilitate their widespread dispersal to recolonize habitats after stochastic extirpation. Artificial barriers are thought to reduce recolonization opportunities and to ultimately displace populations downstream, but the ecological consequences of lost diversity above the barriers are largely unknown. The susceptibility of four prairie fishes to fragmentation and the consequent risk to stream ecosystem processes are described. The selected species exhibit wide tolerances to environmental stressors, represent unique functional feeding guilds, and have different habitat affinities. The ability of each species to access (jumping ability) and successfully traverse (swimming endurance) simulated instream barriers was quantified in the laboratory. Experimental stream complexes were used to isolate the effects of these species on ecosystem structure and function. These replicated single‐species experiments were compared with ‘no fish’ controls to identify the ecological role of each. Small vertical barriers blocked most passage, and with open access all species were unable to traverse relatively short distances against modest water velocities. Stream fragmentation will alter headwater fish assemblage structure and promote the most mobile species. Each species had slightly different effects on the stream ecosystem structure resulting from their different habitat preferences and diets. Without colonization opportunities from neighbouring populations, disturbance events will alter headwater fish assemblages and may degrade the ecosystem structure above barriers. Fragmented riverscapes interact with harsh disturbance regimes to form an ecological ratchet. Systematic species loss above barriers outweighs the opportunity for improvement, suggesting that ecosystem structure may be moving downstream.
Magnetically tunable iron oxide nanotubes for multifunctional biomedical applications

Abstract Design of a multifunctional magnetic bionanosystem has become increasingly important towards advancing the future of clinical medicine. While hollow iron oxide nanoparticles with enhanced surface areas allow for more drug molecules to be attached to the particles, their relatively low saturation magnetization (MS) hinders their practicality in medicinal applications such as drug delivery and hyperthermia therapy. We demonstrate that this limitation can be overcome by utilizing 1D magnetic nanotubes that possess both enhanced surface areas and high MS. In this study, highly crystalline, tunable aspect ratio Fe3O4 nanotubes have been successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal method. Magnetic measurements showed a clear Verwey transition (∼120 K) and high MS (∼75 emu/g) at 300 K, confirming the high quality of the synthesized Fe3O4 nanotubes. Calorimetric experiments on randomly dispersed Fe3O4 nanotubes in water with concentration of 1 mg/mL showed a large Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value of 400 W/g for an AC magnetic field of 800 Oe, which increased to 500 W/g when the nanotubes were aligned parallel to the DC magnetic field and suspended in a 2% agar solution. Our study shows the possibility of using the Fe3O4 nanotubes as a highly effective multifunctional nanoscale tool for targeted hyperthermia and on-demand drug delivery.
SECIS-Binding Proteins Regulate the Expression of the Selenoproteome

The incorporation of selenocysteine into selenoproteins during translation is dictated by a UGA codon in the mRNA. The recoding of UGA as selenocysteine instead of stop depends on a stem-loop structure in the 3′ untranslated region of the mRNA. This element acts as a platform for RNA-binding proteins, including components of the basal selenocysteine incorporation machinery (SECIS-Binding Protein 2 and ribosomal protein L30) and two newly discovered regulatory proteins that selectively modulate selenoprotein expression (eukaryotic initiation factor 4a3 and nucleolin). Thus, multiple RNA-binding proteins may act in a combinatorial manner to regulate the expression of the selenoproteome.
Social intelligence and interview accuracy: Individual differences in the ability to construct interviews and rate accurately

This research examined differences in interviewers’ ability to identify effective interview questions and to accurately rate interviewees’ responses. Given the theoretical association between these interview activities and the construct of social intelligence (SI), a performance‐based measure of SI was developed utilizing situational judgment test methodology. The initial step was to examine evidence of the psychometric properties and construct validity of the new SI measure. The SI measure, a test of general mental ability (GMA), and a personality inventory were then used to examine aspects of rater performance. Participants chose a set of interview questions and viewed interviewee responses during a videotaped interview. Results showed that people higher in SI and GMA chose interview questions judged by experts to be superior and were more accurate in rating interviewee responses. The SI measure explained variance beyond GMA and outperformed a trait‐based SI measure. Implications for the selection and training of interviewers are discussed.
Individualized instruction: Developing broadened perspectives

A he development of mathematics programs for elementary school pupils that are meaningful and productive, as well as related to the needs, interests, and abilities of children, is the concern of mathematics educators and teachers alike. However, a particular urgency surrounds the task today, for it is all too evident that the learning of mathematics is still not a successful experience for many boys and girls. The creation of effective programs is a complex task involving the curriculum, the learner, and ways of relating these two elements. During the past decade substantial progress was made in broadening the range, the quality, and the organization of the content of the mathematics curriculum, resulting in conceptually richer, more interesting programs for pupils. Today there is a renewed focus on the learner and the vital necessity of relating content to the needs and abilities of learn-
Preclude failure: A philosophy for materials selection and simulated service testing

Failure of products in service under foreseeable conditions often subject manufacturers to legal liability when personal injuries occur; hence, the care used (or the philosophy employed) in material selection, design, analyses, fabrication and maintenance must be sufficient to preclude failure. Failure analysis requires careful sorting of a wide variety of information to determine how and why a metal part failed in service or in testing and to determine what can be done to prevent a recurrence. Valuable knowledge is available in the literature from documentation of prior failures that may be used to develop logical approaches to the design and development of new components. A philosophy of design and prototype evaluation based on the prevention of failure is more sound and workable than the stereo-typed application of empiricisms, codes, specifications and factors of safety now commonly used. Reliance on design for static loadings and for factors of safety based on tensile strength as a criterion are frequently erroneous and dangerous. If a part does not fulfill its intended function satisfactorily, it “fails” by: (a) excessive deformation, (b) fracture, (c) surface disintegration, and (d) deterioration of properties. A variety of failures will be discussed to emphasize the factors that must be considered in selection of an optimum material and in prescribing an effective method of simulated-service testing. Considerable latitude in use and misuse of equipment must be foreseen in order to predict possible modes of failure. A broad consideration of service environment is necessary for correcting faulty design and selecting proper materials which will withstand modifications due to processing, fabrication, maintenance or repair operations that lead to failure.
3D Printing of Metformin HCl PVA Tablets by Fused Deposition Modeling: Drug Loading, Tablet Design, and Dissolution Studies

The main aim of this work was to 3D print metformin HCl–loaded PVA (ML-PVA) tablets by fused deposition modeling. A modified solvent diffusion approach was used to improve drug loading. PVA filaments were placed in metformin HCl solution in ethanol containing low water content (10%(v/v)) to enhance the drug’s solubility. The physicochemical properties of ML-PVA filaments were characterized before and after printing. Lastly, ML-PVA filaments were printed into channeled tablet designs to increase their surface area available for dissolution. The loading of metformin HCl onto PVA filament has significantly increased from 0.08 ± 0.02% in metformin HCl solution in absolute ethanol to 1.40 ± 0.02% in ethanol-water (9:1). The IR spectra of PVA filament soaked in ethanol-water depicted higher peak intensity at 1138 cm−1, indicating higher degree of crystallinity. Thermal analysis of the soaked PVA filaments showed higher melting enthalpies yet lower melting temperature (Tm) compared to unprocessed PVA. ML-PVA filaments were successfully printed into round-channeled tablets (10% infill) with higher surface area and area/volume ratios compared with the solid ones. The inclusion of channels in the tablet design modified their printing pattern causing an unexpected increase in their mass. The dissolution profiles of ML-PVA tablets were mainly dependent on their area/mass ratios. Our results show a simple approach to increase metformin HCl loading onto PVA and reveal the significance of tablet design, infill percentage, and printing pattern as they dictate the area, volume, and the mass of the tablet which impact its dissolution rate.
An Examination of Factors That Contribute to the Development of Perspective Taking

AbstractThis quantitative study explored how campus environments affected the development of students’ capacities to take others’ perspectives seriously. Data were collected from over 10,000 studen...
We do publish (conceptual) replications (sometimes): publication trends in communication science, 2007–2016

ABSTRACTReplication is necessary for theory building and knowledge accumulation in communication science. Thus, researchers might wonder about the frequency with which we are publishing replication...
Sex Differences in the Impact of Racial Discrimination on Mental Health Among Black Americans

Greater racial discrimination is associated with poorer mental health among Black Americans; yet, there remains an incomplete understanding of sex differences in exposure to racial discrimination, and further, of how sex differences in coping with racial discrimination may heighten or diminish risk for poorer mental health. Black men may experience greater exposure to both structural and communal forms of racial discrimination, whereas Black women may face both a wider range of potential sources, as well as encounter greater variability in the subjective experience of racial discrimination. For both Black women and men, racial discrimination may be similarly associated with maladaptive coping strategies (i.e., emotional eating, rumination) that also are linked to poorer mental health; however, emerging findings suggest that mindfulness may partially buffer these deleterious effects. Overall, the recent literature reveals mixed findings with respect to sex differences in the experience and negative mental health impact of racial discrimination. Despite this heterogeneity, evidence documents sex differences in the settings, type, and qualitative experience of racial discrimination among Black Americans. Additionally, growing evidence indicating that racial discrimination is associated with physiological markers of stress reactivity and psychopathology risk further bolsters its characterization as a unique form of chronic stress among Black Americans and other minority groups in the USA.
An Implementation of Naive Bayes Classifier

The necessity of classification is highly demanded in real life. As a mathematical classification approach, the Naive Bayes classifier involves a series of probabilistic computations for the purpose of finding the best-fitted classification for a given piece of data within a problem domain. In this paper, an implementation of Naive Bayes classifier is described. This classifier can be used as a general tool kit and applicable to various domains of classifications. To ensure the correctness of all probabilistic computations involved, a sample data set is selected to test this classifier.
Bidirectional AC/DC Converter Topologies: A Review

High penetration of renewable energy generation has demanded advancements in grid interfacing technologies. Further, battery energy storage systems, vehicle to grid and grid to vehicle concepts are emerging as solutions to the grid instability due to intermittent nature of renewable sources. Therefore, it is very important to have an advanced bidirectional interface between the grid and the source to maintain the quality of power supply. AC/DC bidirectional power converter is one of the major and an essential component in the bidirectional link. This paper investigates existing AC/DC bidirectional converter topologies, their pros and cons and recent developments to improve the performance.
R-Squared-Bootstrapping for Gegenbauer-Type Long Memory

The autocorrelation of long memory processes decays much slower than that of short memory processes, e.g. autoregressive processes. Fractional integration and Gegenbauer are basic models that show long memory behavior. Many tests for long memory of the fractional integration type (at f = 0) have been developed based on test statistics (e.g. the R/S-type statistics) or parameter estimators (e.g. the GPH estimator). But, so far, no work has shown reasonable power on testing for cyclic long memory. The authors investigate a parametric bootstrap procedure with an R-squared statistic as an assessment of cyclic long memory behavior. According to simulation results, the R-squared-bootstrapping method performs excellently in detecting Gegenbauer-type processes (e.g. with long memory behavior associated with frequencies $$f\in (0,0.5]$$ ) while at the same time controlling observed significance levels. The R-squared-bootstrapping test is also applied to the Lynx data and the result suggests the presence of long range dependence.
Tropism of surface immunoglobulins may help determine isoqeneic and allogeneic lymphocyte interactions

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses that lymph node (LN) cells of adult CBA mice respond blastogenically to mitomycin-C treated autologous and isologous spleen cells. This isogeneic lymphocyte interaction (ILI) is best seen when both responder and stimulator cells come from mice greater than ten weeks of age. Responsive cells of LN possess θ-antigen whereas stimulator cells of spleens bear immunoglobulins (Ig) on their surface. The subsets of splenic B cells have been identified that stimulate in ILI. In an experiment described in the chapter, separate portions of spleen cells were incubated with guinea pig complement and anti-sera to immunoglobulins M, G-1, G-2A, as well as G-2B prior to treating with mitomycin- C. Equal numbers of splenic and LN cells were incubated for 96 hours, pulsed during the last 24 hours with 3H-thymidine, harvested, and measured for uptake of label. The antigen toward which LN respond in ILI is murine differentiation antigen 2 and not surface IgG-l. Thus, besides having the proper antigens, cells must satisfy at least one other criterion before they can be stimulators. This criterion may be the possession of the proper surface Ig.
Application of Laser Microdissection to Uncover Regional Transcriptomics in Human Kidney Tissue

Gene expression analysis of human kidney tissue is an important tool to understand homeostasis and disease pathophysiology. Increasing the resolution and depth of this technology and extending it to the level of cells within the tissue is needed. Although the use of single nuclear and single cell RNA sequencing has become widespread, the expression signatures of cells obtained from tissue dissociation do not maintain spatial context. Laser microdissection (LMD) based on specific fluorescent markers would allow the isolation of specific structures and cell groups of interest with known localization, thereby enabling the acquisition of spatially-anchored transcriptomic signatures in kidney tissue. We have optimized an LMD methodology, guided by a rapid fluorescence-based stain, to isolate five distinct compartments within the human kidney and conduct subsequent RNA sequencing from valuable human kidney tissue specimens. We also present quality control parameters to enable the assessment of adequacy of the collected specimens. The workflow outlined in this manuscript shows the feasibility of this approach to isolate sub-segmental transcriptomic signatures with high confidence. The methodological approach presented here may also be applied to other tissue types with substitution of relevant antibody markers.