cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Runtime array redistribution in HPF programs

Describes efficient algorithms for runtime array redistribution in High Performance Fortran (HPF) programs. We consider block(m)-to-cyclic, cyclic-to-block(m) and the general cyclic(x)-to-cyclic(y) type redistributions. We initially describe algorithms for one-dimensional arrays and then extend the methodology to multidimensional arrays. The algorithms are practical enough to be easily implemented in the runtime library of an HPF compiler and can also be directly used in application programs requiring redistribution. Performance results on the Intel Paragon are discussed. >
A randomized, angiographically controlled trial of intracoronary streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction.

Abstract Fifty-five patients with acute myocardial infarction evaluated within 4 hours of the onset of symptoms were entered into an angiographically controlled trial of intracoronary Streptokinase (IC STK). Forty-three patients with total occlusion of their infarct artery were randomized to either IC STK or intracoronary nitroglycerin (IC NTG), and 12 patients with lessthan-complete occlusion received only IC NTG. Reperfusion of a totally occluded vessel was achieved in 69% of STK patients and 17% of IC NTG patients. Time from onset of symptoms to peak CK activity was significantly shorter in reperfused patients and patients with subtotal occlusion on initial angiography than in patients with total occlusion who were not reperfused (p
Robust quantization and coding for multidimensional linear systems under data rate constraints

Recently we reported results on coding strategies for scalar feedback systems with data-rate-limited feedback channels in which the data-rate constraints are time varying. Such rate-varying channels are typically encountered in communications networks in which links between nodes are subject to noise, congestion, and intermittent disruption. The present paper describes results of extending this research into the multidimensional domain. An important consideration is that for systems of dimension greater than one, many classical feedback designs cannot be realized for operation near the theoretical minimum possible data-rate. A novel control coding scheme is presented, and in terms of this, it is shown that the advantages of coarse signal quantization that had earlier been reported for scalar systems remain in the multidimensional case. The key is to allocate the communication bandwidth efficiently among faster and slower modes. We introduce a technique that allocates bandwidth by assigning time slots. The merit of this technique is discussed in terms of its robustness with respect to time-varying communications bandwidth constraints and also in terms of how well it operates when the feedback channel capacity is near the theoretical minimum data rate.
Things of Beauty

Facing another semester in which my teaching load included a course on nuclear weapons, a course on genocide, and a course on the war in Iraq, more than one of my friends said, “You really need to teach a funny course!” So, I thought about funny and imagined ways in which I could craft a course focusing on political humor: I could engage students with Aristophanes’ Lysistrata; Gilbert and Sullivan’s Mikado ; Walt Kelly’s Pogo; and the students would certainly be able to teach me things I did not already know about Jon Stewart and The Daily Show . And yet the idea did not gel completely. Much political humor, I realized was caustic and caustic was not what I was after. Serendipity helped. One afternoon as I was tending to the roses in my garden, a colleague, James Logan, walked by and asked what I was doing. “I am working so that beautiful things can happen,” I responded. That idea had legs. With James and other colleagues, I came to realize that, for me, the antidote to the horror my students and I were forced to confront in our teaching and learning was not humor, but beauty. Thus, …
Adapting probabilistic roadmaps to handle uncertain maps

Randomized motion planning techniques are very good at solving high-dimensional motion planning problems. However, most planners assume complete knowledge of the environment, an assumption that can lead to collisions if there are errors in the world model due to uncertainty. We propose an extension of the probabilistic roadmap algorithm that computes motion plans that are robust to uncertain maps. We show that the adapted PRM generates less collision-prone trajectories with fewer samples than the standard method
Stage- and tissue-specific expression of two homeo box genes in sea urchin embryos and adults

Abstract We report the isolation of two different homeo box genes, HB3 and HB4, from the Hawaiian sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla. DNA sequencing revealed a definitive Antennapedia (Antp) class homeo box in each gene. Southern transfer hybridizations showed the genes to be single-copy. A 5.7-kb transcript of the HB3 gene was found in ovary, testis, small intestine and gastrula poly(A)+ RNA. The HB4 gene produces three transcripts. A 3.7-kb and a 4.4-kb transcript are expressed during embryogenesis. A 3.5-kb transcript appears in each of the adult tissues studied. The HB4 gene appears to be the sea urchin cognate of the Drosophila infrabdominal-7 (iab-7) gene, the mouse Hox 1.7 and Hox 3.2 genes and the Xenopus X1Hbox 6 gene. An examination of Antp class homeo box genes in deuterostomes indicates that a chromosomal duplication has taken place in the evolutionary line leading to the vertebrates after the divergence of the echinoderms. Thus, the sea urchin represents the primitive condition.
Fluorescent dye labeled influenza virus mainly infects innate immune cells and activated lymphocytes and can be used in cell-mediated immune response assay

Early results have recognized that influenza virus infects the innate and adaptive immune cells. The data presented in this paper demonstrated that influenza virus labeled with fluorescent dye not only retained the ability to infect and replicate in host cells, but also stimulated a similar human immune response as did unlabeled virus. Influenza virus largely infected the innate and activated adaptive immune cells. Influenza B type virus was different from that of A type virus. B type virus was able to infect the immature lymphocytes, but in lower amounts when compared to activated lymphocytes. Protection from influenza is tightly associated with cellular immunity. Traditional methods of cellular immunity assay had limitations to imitate the natural human cell-mediated responses to influenza virus. Labeled viruses could be used in the assay of virus-specific cytotoxicity, which might reflect the natural process more closely. Furthermore, human immune cells activated by one influenza subtype virus could kill the cells infected by other subtype virus. These results implied the human immune cells could directly handle and remove free virus using similar mechanism that was used to remove virus-infected non immune cells, which might help to simplify the design and production of influenza vaccine, thereby reduce the cost.
Design and national dissemination of the StrongWomen Community Strength Training Program.

Background Physical activity is essential for maintaining health and function with age, especially among women. Strength training exercises combat weakness and frailty and mitigate the development of chronic disease. Communitybased programs offer accessible opportunities for strength training.
Neural tube defects surveillance: a national survey.

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a class of birth defects characterized by defective closure of the neural tube during the first month of gestation. Reports from six states during the period of 1985-1994 demonstrated that the rate of NTDs in the United States varies by geographical area and by race/ethnicity. The reported rate ranged from 3.8 to 9.6 per 10,000 live births (CDC, ‘95). Recent epidemiological and basic science research has demonstrated that folic acid plays a significant role in the primary prevention of NTDs (Locksmith and Duff, ’98). In recent years the movement to establish population-based birth defects surveillance programs across the United States has gained momentum. By July 1997, programs had been established in 31 states, with organizing activities under way in several others (Edmonds, ‘97). These programs use a variety of casefinding methods, ascertain cases with differing sources; focus on varying segments of the perinatal and early childhood continuum; and handle coding, classification, medical record review and follow-up in a variety of ways. We undertook a national survey of state health agencies and birth defects surveillance programs to determine how NTD surveillance data are currently being collected and applied to specific activities aimed at the prevention of NTDs. Results of this survey are presented in this report, together with a set of recommendations for the enhancement of future activities.
Text Mining to Decipher Free-Response Consumer Complaints Insights From the NHTSA Vehicle Owner’s Complaint Database

OBJECTIVE: This study applies text mining to extract clusters of vehicle problems and associated trends from free-response data in the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's vehicle owner's complaint database. BACKGROUND: As the automotive industry adopts new technologies, it is important to systematically assess the effect of these changes on traffic safety. Driving simulators, naturalistic driving data, and crash databases all contribute to a better understanding of how drivers respond to changing vehicle technology, but other approaches, such as automated analysis of incident reports, are needed. METHOD: Free-response data from incidents representing two severity levels (fatal incidents and incidents involving injury) were analyzed using a text mining approach: latent semantic analysis (LSA). LSA and hierarchical clustering identified clusters of complaints for each severity level, which were compared and analyzed across time. RESULTS: Cluster analysis identified eight clusters of fatal incidents and six clusters of incidents involving injury. Comparisons showed that although the airbag clusters across the two severity levels have the same most frequent terms, the circumstances around the incidents differ. The time trends show clear increases in complaints surrounding the Ford/Firestone tire recall and the Toyota unintended acceleration recall. Increases in complaints may be partially driven by these recall announcements and the associated media attention. CONCLUSION: Text mining can reveal useful information from free-response databases that would otherwise be prohibitively time-consuming and difficult to summarize manually. APPLICATION: Text mining can extend human analysis capabilities for large free-response databases to support earlier detection of problems and more timely safety interventions. Language: en
Geographical variation of cerebrovascular disease in New York State: the correlation with income

Background Income is known to be associated with cerebrovascular disease; however, little is known about the more detailed relationship between cerebrovascular disease and income. We examined the hypothesis that the geographical distribution of cerebrovascular disease in New York State may be predicted by a nonlinear model using income as a surrogate socioeconomic risk factor.
Perturbation of the nucleus: a novel Hog1p-independent, Pkc1p-dependent consequence of hypertonic shock in yeast.

Hypertonic shock of Saccharomyces cerevisiae activates the Hog1p MAP kinase cascade. In contrast, protein kinase C (Pkc1p) and the “cell integrity” MAP kinase cascade are critical for the response to hypotonic shock. We observed that hypertonic shock transiently relocated many, but not all, nuclear and nucleolar proteins to the cytoplasm. We hypothesized that the relocation of nuclear proteins was due to activation of the Hog1p kinase cascade, yet, surprisingly, Hog1p was not required for these effects. In contrast, Pkc1p kinase activity was required, although the Pkc1p MAP kinase cascade and several factors known to lie upstream and downstream of Pkc1p were not. Moreover, sudden induction of a hyperactive form of Pkc1p was sufficient to relocate nuclear proteins. Taken together, these observations show that the scope of involvement of Pkc1p in the organization of the nucleus considerably exceeds what has been characterized previously. The relocation of nuclear proteins is likely to account for the profound inhibition of RNA synthesis that was observed during hypertonic shock.
Acute Multi-Vessel Coronary Stent Thrombosis

Abstract Background: Coronary artery stent thrombosis is a rare but often fatal complication associated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using both bare-metal stents and drug-eluting stents. Although strict adherence to dual anti-platelet therapy (aspirin plus clopidogrel) minimizes this risk, stent thrombosis will still occur in rare patients, leading to acute, subacute, or late life-threatening acute coronary syndromes. Objectives: To present a rare case of acute stent thrombosis involving multiple vessels to increase awareness of this life-threatening condition among emergency physicians, and to review the current guidelines for anti-platelet therapy in this patient population. Case Report: A 52-year-old man who underwent PCI using drug-eluting stents in two separate coronary vessels presented to the Emergency Department within 2 h of discharge from the hospital with chest pain, dynamic electrocardiogram changes, and elevated cardiac markers. Despite compliance with the current recommendations for post-PCI anti-platelet therapy, urgent repeat catheterization revealed total thrombotic occlusion of both stents, requiring urgent repeat intervention. Conclusion: Despite patient compliance with the currently recommended anti-platelet regimen after stent therapy for coronary artery disease, acute stent thrombosis remains a rare but life-threatening risk in both the immediate and delayed post-intervention period. In addition, premature cessation of this anti-platelet therapy stands as the greatest risk factor for such thrombotic events. This case is presented to inform emergency physicians of the current post-PCI anticoagulation recommendations to help mitigate the risk of such complications.
TAL Recognition in O(M(n2)) Time

We propose an O(M(n2)) time algorithm for the recognition of Tree Adjoining Languages (TALs), where n is the size of the input string and M(k) is the time needed to multiply two k x k boolean matrices. Tree Adjoining Grammars (TAGs) are formalisms suitable for natural language processing and have received enormous attention in the past among not only natural language processing researchers but also algorithms designers. The first polynomial time algorithm for TAL parsing was proposed in 1986 and had a run time of O(n6). Quite recently, an O(n3 M (n)) algorithm has been proposed. The algorithm presented in this paper improves the run time of the recent result using an entirely different approach.
A Common Electromagnetic Framework for Carbon Nanotubes and Solid Nanowires—Spatially Dispersive Conductivity, Generalized Ohm's Law, Distributed Impedance, and Transmission Line Model

General equations are presented for the spatially dispersive conductivity, distributed impedance, Ohm's law relation, and transmission line model of both carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and solid material nanowires. It is shown that spatial dispersion results in an intrinsic (material-dependent) transmission-line capacitance. Spatial dispersion is numerically unimportant in metal nanowires, but leads to a shift in propagation constant of a few percent for CNTs and semiconducting nanowires. Theoretically, spatial dispersion is important for both nanowires and nanotubes, and is necessary to preserve the inductance-capacitance-velocity relation , where is kinetic inductance, is intrinsic capacitance, and is electron Fermi velocity. It is shown that in order to obtain the correct intrinsic capacitance, it is necessary to use a charge-conserving form of the relaxation-time approximation to Boltzmann's equation. Numerical results for the propagation constant of various nanowires and CNTs are presented. The general formulation developed here allows one to compute, and directly compare and contrast, properties of CNTs and solid nanowires.
Effects of exhaustive endurance exercise on pulmonary gas exchange and airway function in women.

Seventeen fit women ran to exhaustion (14 ± 4 min) at a constant speed and grade, reaching 95 ± 3% of maximal O2 consumption. Pre- and postexercise lung function, including airway resistance [total...
A 0.6-V, 30-GHz six-phase VCO with superharmonic coupling in 32-nm SOI CMOS technology

This paper presents a six-phase VCO using a superharmonic coupling technique. Three VCOs are coupled by an inductive network in their tail nodes to generate six-phase outputs. This network also serves as a tail noise filter in each VCO. Therefore, the proposed six-phase VCO can achieve better phase noise performance than typical multiphase topologies. The proposed VCO is implemented in 32nm SOI CMOS process with core area of 0.6×0.5mm2. The VCO can be tuned from 29.24 GHz to 31.56 GHz, a frequency tuning range of 7.6% at 0.6V supply. With each VCO consuming 1.52 mW DC power (4.56 mW total), the measured phase noise is −128 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset when VCO output frequency is 31.43 GHz, resulting in −191 dBc/Hz of FOM.
Cryptosporidium parvum Infection in Gene-Targeted B Cell–Deficient Mice

The importance of B cells in host resistance to, and recovery from, Cryptosporidium parvum infection was examined in gene-targeted B cell–deficient (μMT−/−) mice. Neonatal μMT−/− mice infected with C. parvum at 5 days of age completely cleared the infection by day 20 PI. The kinetics of infection and clearance were similar to those seen with age-matched C57BL/6 control mice. Furthermore, B cells were not required to clear existing C. parvum infection in adult mice. Reconstitution of persistently infected Rag-1−/− adult mice with spleen cells from μMT−/− donor mice resulted in significant reduction of infection, as in the results seen with spleen cells from C57BL6 donors. These findings indicate clearly that B cells are not essential for host resistance to, and recovery from, C. parvum infection in mice.
Prescription to Over-the-Counter Switching of Drugs: Methodological Issues and Implications for Non-Sedating Antihistamines

Recently, the US FDA has expanded its efforts to move prescribed drugs onto over-the-counter (OTC) status. This approach is consistent with the movement towards ‘consumerism’ in healthcare, which reflects the belief that enhanced consumer autonomy will increase choice and control costs without adverse consequences for quality of care. Evaluating whether such changes are beneficial involves complex methodological issues and raises questions about consumer information and strategic responses to changing incentives engendered by the OTC switch. This review considers these issues and their implications for the switching of non-sedating antihistamines to OTC status. Switching non-sedating antihistamines to OTC status offers a number of potential benefits, including greater access, the ability to substitute non-sedating antihistamines for sedating antihistamines, and more competition in the OTC market. At the same time, switching may increase the number of people with allergies who are treating their conditions inappropriately and misdiagnosing other conditions related to allergies such as asthma. In evaluating these tradeoffs, blanket recommendations, which are pro or con, will likely lead to poor public policy decisions. The success or failure of these changes hinges on a variety of factors about which there is often considerable uncertainty. The net benefits of switching are likely to be quite specific to the drug as well as the consumer’s understanding of the disease it is designed to treat. Moreover, the effects of switching as well as consumer information may change and evolve over time. These considerations pose challenging and important issues for policy makers.
Choriocarcinoma with cerebral metastases coexistent with a first pregnancy.

Abstract A case is presented of choriocarcinoma with cerebral metastases which was unsuspected until a life-threatening situation occurred. A viable infant was born and there was dramatic response to treatment with probable cure.
Capture Cross Sections for the Near Symmetric 124Sn+96Zr Reaction

Capture-fission cross sections were measured for the near symmetric reaction between the massive nuclei {sup 124}Sn and {sup 96}Zr for center of mass energies from 195 to 265 MeV. Coincident fission fragments were detected and separated from elastic and deep inelastic scattering products by angle/energy/mass conditions. The measured capture cross sections agree quite well with calculations using the dinuclear system (DNS) model. The DNS model also predicts the fusion cross section for this reaction with a fusion barrier height of 208.0 MeV. The deduced extra push energy, corresponding to this barrier height, differs from that deduced from evaporation residue measurements.
Terra Populus: Workflows for Integrating and Harmonizing Geospatial Population and Environmental Data

The Terra Populus project (TerraPop) addresses a variety of data management, curation, and preservation challenges with respect to spatiotemporal population and environmental data. In this article, we describe our approaches to these challenges, with a particular focus on geospatial data workflows and associated provenance metadata. The goal of TerraPop is to enable research, learning, and policy analysis by providing integrated spatiotemporal data describing people and their environment. To do so, TerraPop is assembling a globe-spanning and temporally extensive collection of high-quality population and environmental data, ensuring good documentation, and developing a Web-based data access system that enables users to assemble customized integrated data sets drawing on a variety of data sources and formats. We describe TerraPop's collection strategies, detail the geospatial workflows involved in preparing data for ingest into the project database and those used to transform data across formats for dissemi...
Comparison of long-term feeding pattern between male and female Fischer 344 rats: influence of estrous cycle

We studied the effect of gender on food intake, meal number, and meal size in eight 10-wk-old female and seven age-matched male Fischer 344 rats for 44 consecutive days. Although food intake (g/100...
Toward the Constitution of Emotional Feelings: Synergistic Lessons From Izard’s Differential Emotions Theory and Affective Neuroscience

Cal Izard has provided psychology a robust vision of human emotional feelings. He has addressed the full spectrum of emotional-developmental-cognitive complexities entailed in clarifying seemingly ...
A Reader's Guide to Proust's In Search of Lost Time : La Prisonnière [The Prisoner] and Albertine disparue [The Fugitive]

The twin penultimate volumes of A la recherche du temps perdu were published posthumously, La Prisonniere (subtitled Sodome et Gomorrhe III ) in 1923, and Albertine disparue in 1924. This section of the novel presents significant interpretative problems for its reader, in two separate but equally important ways. First, because Proust died before he was able to make final corrections and strategic structural decisions on the length and thematic content of this complex episode, the status of the text – its authenticity as the expression of the author's will and decision-making – remains very much in doubt. Second, the universe in which the action of these two volumes unfolds is significantly reduced in scope from the previous ones. Novelistic verisimilitude is often abandoned in favor of minute and obsessive psychological analysis centered on the claustrophobic arena in which the narrator at first cohabits with Albertine, then agonizes over her disappearance. It is as if, in a sudden discontinuous jump, we were moving from a kaleidoscopic Balzacian social world to strange and spare territories that point to the reduced imaginative space of Samuel Beckett. At the highest level of generality, La Prisonniere and Albertine disparue constitute a coherent and symmetrical whole, in that the first volume, as its title implies, describes the “imprisonment” of its female protagonist by the narrator, while its continuation details her escape and death. The original designation of the second volume, La Fugitive , drew attention to this dramatic symmetry.
Plate subjected to an out-of-plane follower force

AbstractThe stability of bending-torsional equilibrium of a uniform plate subjected to an out-of-plane follower force is studied in this paper. The resulting system approximates to a wing subjected to the thrust of a jet engine. Attention is focused on the determination of the dynamic stability of the wing as a function of engine thrust. Criteria are established for the determination of the maximum allowable value of the engine thrust.
A Simulation Model for Time Measurement

Abstract A proposed simulation measurement model is developed which does not rely on the assumption that elements are random variables; therefore, it is based on the assumption that different times exist for the elements, depending upon their sequence of occurrence. By recognizing the sequential arrangement of elements, the interdependence among the elements is recognized. The proposed model includes a learning factor which reduces initial times in relation to the learning which occurs with each subsequent cycle. The model also provides flexibility for expressing the time values themselves. The mean value can still be used, but a randomly selected distribution of values or the operator's own times can be relied on whenever the analyst so desires.
Studies of factor IX concentrate therapy in hemophilia

The effects of factor IX concentrate therapy on hemostasis in hemophilia patients were studied by means of the radiometric factor IXa assay, the coupled amidolytic assay for factor VIIa, and coagulant assays for factors II, IX, and X, and antithrombin III. Both activated and unactivated concentrates contained factors VIIa and IXa, with the highest levels in the activated concentrates. Factors VIIa and IXa were detected in patient plasma after infusion of unactivated concentrates. Increases of 3-5--fold in factors II and X were also found. Major decreases in antithrombin III activity, but not antigen, were found after unactivated concentrate therapy. This functional decrease may be due to the presence of inactive antithrombin III complexes, since a decreased mobility of antithrombin III antigen by crossed immunoelectrophoresis was found. These studies support the possible importance of factors IXa and VIIa as therapeutic agents and suggest that a transient functional deficiency in antithrombin III may be involved in the thrombotic potential of the concentrates.
A Stochastic Point Cloud Sampling Method for Multi-Template Protein Comparative Modeling.

Generating tertiary structural models for a target protein from the known structure of its homologous template proteins and their pairwise sequence alignment is a key step in protein comparative modeling. Here, we developed a new stochastic point cloud sampling method, called MTMG, for multi-template protein model generation. The method first superposes the backbones of template structures, and the Cα atoms of the superposed templates form a point cloud for each position of a target protein, which are represented by a three-dimensional multivariate normal distribution. MTMG stochastically resamples the positions for Cα atoms of the residues whose positions are uncertain from the distribution, and accepts or rejects new position according to a simulated annealing protocol, which effectively removes atomic clashes commonly encountered in multi-template comparative modeling. We benchmarked MTMG on 1,033 sequence alignments generated for CASP9, CASP10 and CASP11 targets, respectively. Using multiple templates with MTMG improves the GDT-TS score and TM-score of structural models by 2.96–6.37% and 2.42–5.19% on the three datasets over using single templates. MTMG’s performance was comparable to Modeller in terms of GDT-TS score, TM-score, and GDT-HA score, while the average RMSD was improved by a new sampling approach. The MTMG software is freely available at: http://sysbio.rnet.missouri.edu/multicom_toolbox/mtmg.html .
Prevalence of ovarian cancer found at the time of infertility microsurgery

We found the prevalence of ovarian cancer in infertile women less than 40 years at the time of planned microsurgery for infertility to be 1 in 95. This may represent a greater prevalence of ovarian cancer than that of all women less than 40 years. Importantly, laparoscopy did not find the ovarian cancer in these women. In conclusion, laparoscopists and microsurgeons need to be aware of the possibility of finding ovarian cancer in these young, infertile women, and this knowledge should be used to counsel and manage the patient appropriately.
17 beta-Estradiol modulation of glucose transporter 1 expression in blood-brain barrier

The present study was designed to evaluate 17 beta-estradiol (E2) modulation of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) protein and mRNA expression in blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelium. Female rats were ovariectomized (OVX) for 12-14 days, then E2 was injected at dosages of 1-100 micrograms/kg sc at 2-16 h before sampling. Glucose transport into BBB endothelial cells was assessed using 2-deoxy-[14C]glucose (2-[14C]DG) uptake. GLUT-1 protein and mRNA samples were analyzed by Western and Northern blotting, respectively. E2 treatment caused dose- and time-dependent increases in 2-[14C]DG uptake and GLUT-1 protein expression by microvessels. The peak responses were induced by 10 micrograms/kg E2 dose at the 4-h sampling time (36.0 and 31.3% increases, P < 0.05, respectively). GLUT-1 mRNA demonstrated a transient increase at 15 min (55%, P < 0.05), then decreased to basal level by 2 h. This study shows that in vivo treatment with E2 increases 2-[14C]DG uptake into the BBB endothelial cells and suggests this E2 effect is due to its modulation of GLUT-1 mRNA and protein.
Miracil D: an inhibitor of ribonucleic acid synthesis in Bacillus subtilis.

Miracil D (1-diethylaminoethylamino-4-methyl-10-thiaxanthenone) is effective against schistosomiasis in man and against experimental tumors in mice, but its mode of action had not been defined. The present study indicates that at 20 µg/ml the drug arrests the growth of Bacillus subtilis. This antibacterial action is also exhibited by a tumor-inhibitory derivative, but not by a derivative devoid of carcinostatic activity. Incubation of B. subtilis with 14C-uracil, thymidine, or leucine in the presence of 20 µg/ml of Miracil D indicated a complete inhibition of RNA synthesis, immediate but less severe inhibition of protein synthesis, and no inhibition of DNA synthesis. The drug has absorption maxima at 442 and 330 mµ. In the presence of native DNA there is quenching of absorption at these wavelengths, with a shift in the maxima to 450 and 337 mµ. In heat-denaturation studies, Miracil D raised the Tm of DNA by 15°. Similar studies gave evidence for a lesser affinity between Miracil D and sRNA. These results indicate that the major action of this drug in B. subtilis is to complex with DNA, thereby blocking DNA-dependent RNA synthesis.
Thyroxin analogs and their place in therapy.

Recent discovery of several naturally occurring thyroxin analogs has led to the study of a number of synthetic compounds having thyromimetic activity. The place of these thyroxin analogs in therapy is described in relation to replacement therapy for hypothyroidism (use of L-triiodothyronine compared with desiccated thyroid and L-thyroxin) and to treatment of hypercholesteremia (experimental results with D-thyroxin, D-triiodothyronine, tetraiodothyroacetic and triiodothyroacetic acid, triiodothyropropionic acid, diiodothyroacetic acid and diiodothyroformic acid).
College Athletics as a Marketing Tool: Impact on Benefactor Generosity

In this paper the different types of marketing activities practiced by universities are outlined. Among these is the operation of the athletic program which can generate funds in a number of ways, perhaps even by eliciting greater gift-giving by university patrons. Results are presented from a pilot study designed to assess the plausibility of this hypothesis.
Introduction to Surfactants

Abstract Surfactant adsorption is driven by concentration and amphiphilic properties of surfactant as well as surface properties such as charge, defects, and composition. A large quantity of research literature describes the adsorption performance of a wide array of surfactants. The hydrophilic–hydrophobic nature of surfactants results in interfacial adsorption and aggregation. Surfactants tend to form submonolayer, monolayer/hemimicelle, or bilayer/cylindrical micelle structures at interfaces and surfaces. The concentration needed to achieve monolayer coverage is usually close to the critical micelle concentration (cmc) for the surfactant. Aggregation of surfactant above the cmc leads to the formation of spherical micelles and other structures. These structures act like a buffer that maintains the free monomeric surfactant molecule concentration constant when the total surfactant concentration exceeds the level needed for micelle formation. The free monomeric surfactant concentration determines the level of adsorption on a surface. It is possible to predict surfactant adsorption based on material properties, surfactant properties such as hydrocarbon chain length, and solution conditions such as pH and ionic strength. There are several challenges to more accurate fundamental modeling and predictions of surfactant adsorption, aggregation, and partitioning. These challenges are discussed.
Astrocytes as a Target for Ischemic Stroke

Astrocytes are the most diverse and numerous glial cell types in the central nervous system (CNS). They provide structural, nutritional, and metabolic support to neurons and regulate synaptic activity. They are electrically non-excitable but their excitability is manifested by Ca2+ signaling. Astrocytes are also critically involved in many CNS disorders including focal ischemic stroke (FIS), the leading cause of brain injury and human disability. They undergo many changes at different stages after FIS. These changes will affect acute neuronal death and brain damage as well as brain recovery in the chronic phase after ischemic stroke. This chapter provides an overview of recent advances in astrocytic Ca2+ signaling, spatial and temporal dynamics of the morphology and proliferation of reactive astrocytes as well as signaling pathways involved in the reactive astrogliosis after ischemic stroke. This chapter also discusses stem cell properties of reactive astrocytes after FIS and their potential to differentiate into neurons under permissive conditions. The data are all from experimental studies performed in different animal models of ischemic stroke. As astrocytes exhibit high plasticity after FIS, we suggest that targeting local astrocytes is a promising strategy for cell-based stroke therapy.
The location of obstruction predicts stent occlusion in malignant gastric outlet obstruction.

Background:Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) can occur with locally invasive or metastatic cancer involving the upper gastrointestinal tract at the pylorus or the duodenum. Endoscopic management wit...
Iran Oil Production, Investment Policy, International Sanctions and P5 + 1 Deal with Iran, 2006–2015:

This article examines main factors that determined Iran’s oil production and investment policy between 2006 and 2015 based on the quarterly data for Iran oil production and oil export that has been...
Qualification of Bench and Pilot-Scale Bioreactors as Models of Commercial Systems

Mammalian cell biotechnology has expanded in recent years from a technology principally concerned with vaccine production to one that now also includes monoclonal antibodies and drugs for cardiovascular, respiratory and immune diseases. Development of commercial cell culture processes for the production of these biological products is performed at bench and pilot-scale prior to commercial implementation. Successful scale-up from bench-scale to manufacturing-scale is dependent on process and product comparability across the scales and the availability of robust qualified models. Effective technical support for investigations and process improvements also relies on the availability of these qualified bench- and pilot-scale models. The performance of bench-scale, pilot-scale and commercial-scale bioreactors for the production of a fusion protein and a monoclonal antibody was characterised in this work.
Management of Sickle Cell Pain Using Pregabalin: A Pilot Study

Sickle cell disease (SCD) pain may have a neuropathic component. Adjuvant drugs used to treat neuropathic pain have not been studied for the treatment of adults with SCD. To determine the safety and feasibility of using pregabalin for chronic SCD pain. A randomized, controlled, double-blind pilot study. Based on random assignment, participants were treated with pregabalin or placebo control for 3 months with monthly follow-up visits. Participants were recruited from the University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System outpatient SCD clinic. Participants/Subjects: A total of 22 participants with SCD (21 African American, 1 other) were included 16 women aged 18-82 (mean age 33.1 ± 9.9). PAINReportIt, Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Signs and Symptoms, Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory, and Short Form 36 Health Survey were completed. Adverse effects were minimal. Mean scores for average pain intensity, composite pain index, and neuropathic pain revealed a reduction for pregabalin and placebo control groups. Although the between-group differences were not significant, sustained reduction in pain over time within the pregabalin group indicated promising effects of pregabalin for SCD pain. Mean quality-of-life scores increased slightly over time (representing better quality of life) in 7 of 8 domains for the pregabalin group and decreased in 4 of 8 domains for the placebo control group. Small sample size made it difficult to interpret quality-of-life findings. This pilot study provided sufficient evidence that further investigation of pregabalin's potential efficacy for treatment of chronic SCD pain in adults is warranted.
In situ real time defect detection of 3D printed parts

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) allows for the production of custom parts with previously impractical internal features, but comes with the additional possibility of internal defects due to print error, residual stress buildup, or cyber-attack by a malicious actor. Conventional post process analysis techniques have difficulty detecting these defects, often requiring destructive tests that compromise the integrity (and thus the purpose) of the part. Here, we present a “certify-as-you-build” quality assurance system with the capability to monitor a part during the print process, capture the geometry using three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC), and compare the printed geometry with the computer model to detect print errors in situ. A test case using a fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printer was implemented, demonstrating in situ error detection of localized and global defects.
Optimizing Coincidence Measurements of Entangled Photons

We present the general SNR of coincidence measurements of joint probability of entangled-photon-pairs. Experiments with an EMCCD camera show excellent agreement for count rates up to saturation, and an optimum based on electronic noise.
Cystic Fibrosis Nutrition: Outcomes, Treatment Guidelines, and Risk Classification

Abstract Nutrition is an integral part of care in cystic fibrosis. Life expectancy in this population continues to improve with better therapies and care. Providing appropriate nutrition treatments can contribute to this trend. Improved nutritional status has been linked to better pulmonary outcomes and decreased mortality. Established guidelines for energy and micronutrient needs, as well as treatment of pancreatic insufficiency, can assist the practitioner in providing the best care possible. Consideration of supplemental means of nutrition delivery, such as high-calorie supplements and enteral feedings, as well as appetite stimulants, can be used to meet the high energy needs in this group. Screening and risk classification may assist in identifying and intervening in those patients who have the greatest need.
Why the Journal of Regional Medical Campuses? Why now?

There has never been a better time for us to start a journal that reflects the innovation and flexibility of the regional medical campus. For those of us who serve on regional campuses in the roles of faculty, staff, administrators, and students, we know why we came, who we are and what we do. However, for many in the medical education community, little is known about the 115 regional campuses in the United States and Canada.
Gender and participation in Africa’s electoral regimes: an analysis of variation in the gender gap

Across Africa, it has been found that women participate in politics less than men, undermining prospects for gender equality and shared development. Despite theoretical and practical reasons for co...
Content and Face Validity and Feasibility of 5 Candidate Instruments for Psoriatic Arthritis Randomized Controlled Trials: The PsA OMERACT Core Set Workshop at the GRAPPA 2017 Annual Meeting

The Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA)-Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) Core Set working group is in the process of selecting core instruments for PsA clinical trials. During a 2-h workshop and breakout group discussions at the GRAPPA 2017 annual meeting in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, participants discussed the first set of candidate instruments to be taken through the OMERACT Filter 2.1 instrument selection process: 66/68 swollen/tender joint count (66/68JC), Spondyloarthritis Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) enthesitis index, patient's global assessment (GRAPPA and OMERACT formulations), Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI), Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease (PsAID) questionnaires 9 and 12, and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) Fatigue. Based on the assessment of domain match (content and face validity) and feasibility according to the OMERACT instrument selection criteria, the working group recommends continuing with appraisal of construct validity and discrimination for 66/68JC, SPARCC, PsAID 9 and 12, HAQ-DI, and FACIT-Fatigue. In addition, it recommends repeating the OMERACT Filter 2.1 process for patient global instruments because of insufficient votes. Additional sets of candidate instruments for the PsA core instrument set will be evaluated in a similar process.
Representation of Women in American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guideline Writing Committees.

![Figure][1] ![Figure][1] ![Figure][1] ![Figure][1] Although progress has been made toward reducing gender disparities in clinical practice, the under-representation of women in cardiovascular (CV) medicine remains a concern. With respect to women in the physician
Phonology and Language Use: Phonological Processes, Phonological Patterns

Introduction In Chapter 3, we saw evidence against the separation of contrastive and predictable features for lexical representation, in addition to evidence that variation can be lexically specific. To account for this evidence, I proposed that detailed phonetic tokens are categorized in the lexicon, and that regularities of phonological structure are expressed in schemas. This type of network model has no place for the notion of phonological rules in the sense of a series of operations that apply to abstract cognitive units to transform them into something more similar to phonetic output forms. This is not to say that the phenomena described by traditional phonological rules do not necessarily exist. What needs to be determined at this point is what aspects of the phenomena described by phonological rules are viable aspects of language behavior, and how they might be accommodated in such a model. Moreover, the many different types of patterns that generative phonological rules try to encompass are better understood as different types of generalizations, depending upon their association with the phonetics on the one hand versus the lexicon and morphology on the other. One aspect of phonological behavior previously described by rules that is an undeniable fact about language behavior is the presence of certain articulatory patterns that are shared across speakers and that are transferred onto the production of novel words, loanwords, and early attempts by adults at a foreign language. In the usage-based model developed here, we can describe such articulatory regularities with schemas that generalize over learned patterns that are present in the language.
Polarized Cu K-Edge Studies

The X-ray edge and near-edge region, typically 0–50 eV above the threshold energy, is often rich in structure which reflects the local environment of the absorbing atom. Edge and near-edge features are poorly resolved in the K-edge spectra of most amorphous samples. Polarized studies result in the enhancement of the edge and near-edge feature intensities, and the symmetry properties of the final states responsible for these features may be determined from their angular properties. We have utilized the high flux and plane-polarized nature of synchrotron radiation to study the polarized K-edge spectra of oriented single crystals of a number of square-planar or flattened tetrahedral (Td) Cu(II) and linear Cu(I) model compounds. The intensity, shape and location of observed polarized edge features are examined as probes of the electronic and geometric environment of the metal center.
Indications, technical considerations, and strategies for renal replacement therapy in the intensive care unit.

Renal replacement therapy in the intensive care unit can vary from simple procedures to very complex technologies. I discuss the factors that contribute to the decisions regarding the selection of a specific therapy. These factors include immediate and intermediate therapeutic goals (e.g., solute removal, dehydration), hemodynamic stability and other clinical conditions, and the technical requirements obligate to specific therapies. The differences between convective and diffusive solute removal are described, as well as the rationale for choosing one over the other. This choice is particularly relevant to and dependent on the therapeutic goal. Spontaneous blood flow versus pumped blood flow is debated. Lastly, the removal of middle molecular weight molecules is discussed in the context of toxic cytokines or bacterial products.
“Becoming an expert in driving for Uber”: Uber driver/bloggers’ performance of expertise and self-presentation on YouTube:

There is a new cast of self-proclaimed experts offering “how-to-succeed” resources aimed at coaching and inspiring gig workers. The emergence of such resources raises questions about the performanc...
7 Cavernous Sinus and Meckel’s Cave

The cavernous sinus and Meckel’s cave have traditionally been considered some of the most difficult areas to access surgically. With the advent of endoscopic and minimally invasive approaches, medial-to-lateral and anterior-to-posterior surgical corridors are added to the surgeon’s armamentarium. Although extensive literature exists discussing the relevant surgical anatomy and surgical approaches from a lateral/open perspective, the experience with endonasal approaches is still growing. In this chapter, we analyze our criteria when selecting the endonasal approach for pathology involving the cavernous sinus and Meckel’s cave, examine the intricate surgical anatomy of these areas focusing on the endonasal perspective, and provide relevant surgical pearls based on our experience. Furthermore, we discuss our operative setup and instrumentation, as well as postoperative care and complications.