cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Telomerase activity in normal adult Brown Norway rat seminal vesicle: regional distribution and age-dependent changes

Telomerase activity is essential for protection of cells against the telomere erosion that occurs with each round of cell replication, and thus appears to play a role in the indefinite replication potential of some, but not all, eukaryotic cells. In this regard, some tissues contain stem cells that have a long proliferative life-span and are capable of regenerating or renewing the somatic epithelial cell population within the tissue. Because the adult seminal vesicle exhibits the ability to regenerate during androgen-replacement after castration, we hypothesized that a pool of cells with regenerating potential is present in the adult seminal vesicle, which expresses telomerase activity. In this study, we used a highly sensitive PCR-based telomerase assay [the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay] to detect telomerase activity in rat seminal vesicle. Our results show that telomerase activity is, indeed, present in the normal adult rat seminal vesicle, but that, in the presence of seminal vesicle fluid, telomerase activity cannot be detected. In fact, seminal vesicle fluid was found to contain some factor(s) that is inhibitory for the TRAP assay. In addition, we found that telomerase activity in the seminal vesicle changes with age and is regionally distributed within the distal, intermediate, and proximal segments of the duct. These results suggest that as is the case for the rat prostate, a population of telomerase-positive cells is present within the adult rat seminal vesicle, and thereby, this organ retains throughout life the potential to regenerate in response to androgen replacement following castration-induced apoptotic cell death.
The Physics of Vision

The perception of an image in one's mind filled with vibrant colors comes so naturally for humans that the complexity of the human visual system is often overlooked. This paper follows the journey of light through the human eye and its interpretation in the brain. The wave properties of light are explored as light propagates through the eye while the particle properties of light are examined when light is absorbed by the retina. The computations involved in the perception of color are discussed as well as birefringent properties of the eye.
Mechanochemistry: The Last Energetic Frontier

A model for the direct introduction of mechanical energy into electronic degrees-of-freedom of molecules in crystals is discussed. This model is related to the hypothesis of HOMO-LUMO gap closure for detonation initiation. However, it is demonstrated that complete gap closure is not required for chemical processes to occur with the amount of closure related to chemical hardness. A new area of mechanochemistry can be developed where novel chemistry can be found. It is proposed that the term “mechanochemistry” be limited only to those chemical processes that are not driven by the thermalization of the mechanical energy.
Initiative for safe driving and enhanced utilization of crash data

This initiative addresses the utilization of current technology to increase the efficiency of police officers to complete required Driving Under the Influence (DUI) forms and to enhance their ability to acquire and record crash and accident information. The project is a cooperative program among the New Mexico Alliance for Transportation Research (ATR), Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the New Mexico State Highway and Transportation Department. The approach utilizes an in-car computer and associated sensors for information acquisition and recording. Los Alamos artificial intelligence technology is leveraged to ensure ease of data entry and use.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Dual synaptic sites of D1-dopaminergic regulation of ethanol sensitivity of NMDA receptors in nucleus accumbens

Regulation of NMDAreceptor-mediated synaptic transmission onto accumbal medium spiny neurons (MSN) may constitute an important site in drug reward and reinforcement in mesolimbic structures. Previously, we reported that D1-like dopamine receptors activate a postsynaptic cAMP/PKA/DARPP-32 signaling cascade culminating in phosphorylation of SER897-NR1 subunits and a reduction in the sensitivity to ethanol of NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission. Here, we use a detailed electrophysiological analysis of D1-like receptor regulation of the ethanol sensitivity of accumbal NMDA receptors (NMDARs) through recordings of quantal Sr2+-supported NMDA miniature synaptic currents (mEPSCs) in reduced Mg2+ (0.6 mM) and report dual presynaptic and postsynaptic components of D1-like regulation of ethanol sensitivity of NMDARs. Ethanol inhibited NMDA mEPSC amplitude and frequency in a dose-dependent manner (25–75 mM), indicating inhibitory effects on presynaptic and postsynaptic components NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission. The presynaptic inhibitory effect was corroborated by analysing the ratio of paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) of Ca2+-supported NMDA EPSCs. Activation of D1 receptors with the agonist, SKF 38393 (25 μM), reversed ethanol suppression of NMDA mEPSC frequency and amplitude. Furthermore, the Mg2+-dependent decay off-rate of NMDA mEPSCs was substantially reduced by ethanol in a manner strongly reversed by the D1 agonist. D1 receptor-mediated attenuation of both the presynaptic and postsynaptic actions of ethanol was completely blocked by a D1 selective antagonist (SCH 23390). These data suggest that D1-like receptors modulate both the presynaptic and postsynaptic effects of ethanol on NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in nucleus accumbens (NAc) and that these interactions may contribute to ethanol-induced neuroadaptation of the reward pathway. Synapse 58:29–43, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The prevention research initiative and the peer review process at CDC.

basic biomedical research. Yet, we fall behind many developed countries in life expectancy and other measures of health quality.1 Prevention research, one of the highest priorities of the Centers for Disease Control and Preven tion (CDC), is a multidisciplinary approach to discovering new ways to prolong the health, well-being, and self-sufficiency of all Americans. Prevention research focuses on preventing disease, injury, and disabil ity. Researchers work with communities to identify health needs; they determine, select, and implement effective strategies for disease preven tion and encourage healthy living. Results from prevention research will help communities discover the programs that work, how well they work, and at what cost. Americans are interested not only in protecting their own health status, but in learning how to promote and enhance the health of their families and communities. However, many questions that have been raised about the relationships among lifestyles, environment, and health remain unanswered because research emphasis has not been suffi cient to determine best practices in community preventive services.2,3 The Prevention Research Initiative (PRI), which began in FY99, pro vides CDC an expanding opportunity to maximize public health impact by leveraging research to address high-priority and crosscutting topics. Such topics include evaluation of community interventions that address multi ple health domains in communities; the impact of legislative, regulatory, and other policy changes on morbidity and mortality; methods to strengthen public health infrastructure and develop public-private part nerships for public health; and factors that facilitate or hinder adoption of effective prevention practices. The PRI is organized to complement exist ing public health research programs and to strengthen partnerships between the public health practice community and academia. In FY 1999, $12.5 million funded 50 research projects at academic health cen ters, research centers and university affiliated programs (in schools of public health, medicine, nursing, and engineering) across the country. The awards covered a range of subjects, from prevention of sexually trans mitted diseases and asthma to home, workplace, and recreational injuries.
GSK3β affects apical–basal polarity and cell–cell adhesion by regulating aPKC levels

The dynamic rearrangement of cell‐cell contacts is required for the establishment of functional epithelial cell sheets. However, the signaling pathways and cellular mechanisms that initiate and maintain this polarity are not well understood. We show that loss of the Wnt signaling component GSK3! results in increased levels of aPKC and leads to defects in apical‐basal polarity. We find that GSK3! directly phosphorylates aPKC, which likely promotes its ubiquitin-mediated proteosomal degradation. aPKC increases the levels of Armadillo and stabilizes adherens junctions. These results suggest that the Wnt pathway component GSK3! regulates the polarity determinant aPKC, which in turn affects cell‐cell contacts during the development of polarized tissues. Developmental Dynamics 239:115‐125, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
S Matrix of the Yang-Lee Edge Singularity in Two-Dimensions

Abstract The deformation by a relevant operator of the simplest, albeit nonunitary, conformal field theory, that of the Yang-Lee edge singularity, is analysed. It is shown that additional conserved currents exist which imply the factorization of the S -matrix, whose form is explicitly derived. The spectrum contains a single particle. It is proved that any such theory with only one particle must necessarily be nonunitary.
Diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency; can review of medical history help?

Abstract Rationale Primary immunodeficiency (PI) diseases can be treated effectively, especially if recognized early. We studied patients referred to a large immunodeficiency program for a suspicion of PI, asking if historical clinical information would allow us to identify patients with PI. Methods New patients referred to Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City, from 1998-2003 were studied. Clinical information for the previous 5 years was compiled on initial visit by standard questionnaire. Each patient then underwent laboratory testing for PI. Subjects diagnosed with PI and those with a negative immunologic evaluation were compared. Data was analyzed using SAS and Excel statistical software. Results 240 patients were evaluated. 113 had PI (47%). 54% were females. 70% were Caucasians; 30% were children p =0.0001). Neutropenia, lymphopenia and splenomegaly were also seen more in patients with proven PI ( p value of 0.02, 0.01, 0.01). Conclusions The data suggests that out of this group of patients referred to a tertiary referral clinic, many of whom have had episodes of pneumonias, bronchitis and chronic sinusitis, patients with proven PI are more likely to have more frequent episodes of otitis media and neutropenia, lymphopenia and splenomegaly.
Modularity in Animal Development and Evolution: Elements of a Conceptual Framework for EvoDevo

For at least a century biologists have been talking, mostly in a black-box sense, about developmental mechanisms. Only recently have biologists succeeded broadly in fishing out the contents of these black boxes. Unfortunately the view from inside the black box is almost as obscure as that from without, and developmental biologists increasingly confront the need to synthesize known facts about developmental phenomena into mechanistic descriptions of com- plex systems. To evolutionary biologists, the emerging understanding of developmental mecha- nisms is an opportunity to understand the origins of variation not just in the selective milieu but also in the variability of the developmental process, the substrate for morphological change. Ultimately, evolutionary developmental biology (EvoDevo) expects to articulate how the diversity of organic form results from adaptive variation in development. This ambition demands a shift in the way biologists describe causality, and the central problem of EvoDevo is to understand how the architecture of development confers evolvability. We argue in this essay that it makes little sense to think of this question in terms of individual gene function or isolated morphometrics, but rather in terms of higher-order modules such as gene networks and homologous characters. We outline the conceptual challenges raised by this shift in perspective, then present a selection of case studies we believe to be paradigmatic for how biologists think about modularity in devel- opment and evolution. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 285:307-325, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Crime prevention participation:An exploratory analysis

Most past research on crime and crime prevention has focused on their occurrence in urban settings. Relatively little attention has been given to crime and citizen crime prevention in small town/rural areas. The present study uses secondary data from the National Crime Survey: Victim Risk Supplement, 1983 to investigate citizen participation in five crime prevention domains within large urban areas and small town/rural areas. The results suggest that, while there are some similarities in citizen participation, various factors have different degrees of impact in different locations. Further, differences in crime prevention participation are more a function of the type of crime prevention than of the size of the local population.
Breed Effects on Dieldrin Accumulation in the Fat of Growing Chickens

Abstract Higher concentrations of dieldrin were found in the fat of White Leghorns than in White Rock chickens fed 1 mg/kg of the insecticide from day-old through 8 weeks. The difference was related to the difference in rate of fat deposition in the carcasses of the two breeds.
Generation of available buoyant energy by cloud glaciation

The available buoyant energy (ABE, energy from the environment which becomes available to a parcel for buoyant accelerations) arising from glaciation is computed by integrating upward the differences in temperature between a parcel that undergoes instantaneous and isenthalpic freezing followed by an ice-saturation ascent, and one that experiences only a water-saturation ascent from the same initial cloud base conditions. This quantity is computed for three initial cloud base conditions representative of tropical, High Plains summertime, and Great Lakes wintertime cumuli. Substantial increases in parcel updraft speed are realized for all clouds if the ABE arising from glaciation is completely converted to parcel kinetic energy. Variations of the three components of parcel heating involved in the glaciation process (i.e., (1) release of latent heat of fusion from freezing of liquid water, (2) cooling or warming from sublimation or deposition as vapor pressure adjusts from water saturation to ice saturation at the post glaciation temperature, and (3) the additional warming or cooling relative to the intial water-saturation adiabat as the parcel follows an icesaturation ascent to a specified upper reference level) are also determined as functions of glaciation temperature. It is found that sublimation substantially counteracts the parcel warming arising from the freezing of liquid water in the case of warm moist cumuli. In addition, it is found that in some instances ice-saturation ascent following glaciation can produce cooling relative to the initial departure from the water saturation adiabat. This was indicated for Great Lakes wintertime cumuli and also for warm moist cumuli with glaciations at very cold temperatures. The effect upon the buoyancy force, of the change in the mass of condensate during glaciation, is small and can usually be neglected.
Public Goods Theory from Eighteenth Century Political Philosophy to Twentieth Century Economics

Some scholars have studiedMancur Olson's legacy by investigating theeffects of his research on the socialsciences (McLean, 2000). Others havescrutinized the logical and empiricalimplications of his theories (Sandler,1992; Marsh, 1976; Chamberlin, 1974;Frohlich and Oppenheimer, 1970). A thirdgroup have quietly claimed that hisgreatest work, The logic of collectiveaction, was little more than apopularization of earlier ideas (Dowding,1997; Chamberlain, 1966). This paperattempts to exonerate Olson of the latterclaim by reviewing the major contributionsto collective action theory before his timeand comparing them to The logic ofcollective action.
Are Our Online "Friends" Really Friends?

Do social media contribute to or detract from the creation of social capital, the vital currency that forms the basis of enduring relationships?
Impact of salt exposure on N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase (arylsulfatase B) activity, glycosaminoglycans, kininogen, and bradykinin

N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase (Arylsulfatase B; ARSB) is the enzyme that removes sulfate groups from the N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfate residue at the non-reducing end of chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S) and dermatan sulfate (DS). Previous studies demonstrated reduction in cell-bound high molecular weight kininogen in normal rat kidney (NRK) epithelial cells when chondroitin-4-sulfate content was reduced following overexpression of ARSB activity, and chondroitinase ABC produced similar decline in cell-bound kininogen. Reduction in the cell-bound kininogen was associated with increase in secreted bradykinin. In this report, we extend the in vitro findings to in vivo models, and present findings in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats exposed to high (SSH) and low salt (SSL) diets. In the renal tissue of the SSH rats, ARSB activity was significantly less than in the SSL rats, and chondroitin-4-sulfate and total sulfated glycosaminoglycan content were significantly greater. Disaccharide analysis confirmed marked increase in C4S disaccharides in the renal tissue of the SSH rats. In contrast, unsulfated, hyaluronan-derived disaccharides were increased in the rats on the low salt diet. In the SSH rats, with lower ARSB activity and higher C4S levels, cell-bound, high-molecular weight kininogen was greater and urinary bradykinin was lower. ARSB activity in renal tissue and NRK cells declined when exogenous chloride concentration was increased in vitro. The impact of high chloride exposure in vivo on ARSB, chondroitin-4-sulfation, and C4S-kininogen binding provides a mechanism that links dietary salt intake with bradykinin secretion and may be a factor in blood pressure regulation.
Fracture analysis of dental composites

Abstract Three dental composite materials were tested in three-point bending to determine fracture toughness using the stress intensity factor approach. Finite element analysis was used to model the specimens and the fracture toughness was calculated using the J integral and crack closure methods. The effects of tension, compression, and tension-compression moduli on the fracture toughness are presented and discussed. For each material, the plain strain J integral results were independent of Young's modulus. Crack closure results were found to be very sensitive to the type of mesh used to define the Δa a ratio at the crack tip. The results from J integral and crack closure methods were in good agreement with experimental data for the three dental composites considered.
Post-Traumatic Seizures Epidemiology and Approaches to Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment

The occurrence of seizures in the first week after traumatic brain injury is a well known phenomenon and requires the physician to address several issues in the management of patients with such an injury. There is a wide range in the reported incidence of clinical seizures after brain injury. An incidence of 5 to 15% is often quoted, although the incidence can be higher (20 to 24%) if non-convulsive electroencephalographic (EEG) criteria for seizures are used. The main clinical risk factors for seizures are younger age, greater severity of brain injury and subdural haematoma and penetrating wounds. The significance of seizures is highlighted by initially considering the patho-physiology of brain injury. Early after brain injury there is a selective increase in nonoxidative glucose metabolism, increased extracellular levels of glutamate and potassium, and a moderate reduction in cerebral blood flow. This state of cellular stress creates vulnerability in the cells to further injury. Seizures give rise to similar metabolic stress and serve to exaggerate hyperglycolysis and thereby may give rise to secondary injury. It is important to recognise and treat post-traumatic seizures that occur in the early postinjury period. These seizures may be nonconvulsive and require EEG monitoring. We have gained considerable experience with continuous EEG monitoring of traumatic brain-injured patients and find that over 20% of patients will have seizures, 50% of which are nonconvulsive. Ongoing repeated seizures or status epilepticus, require immediate treatment with benzodiazepines, followed by long-acting anticonvulsants (e.g. phenytoin). Recalcitrant status epilepticus requires treatment with continuous intravenous infusions of anticonvulsants (e.g. barbiturates, propofol, midazolam).
Mining time-lagged relationships in spatio-temporal climate data

Time series data in climate are often characterized by a delayed relationship between two variables, for example precipitation and temperature anomalies occurring at a place might also occur at another place after some time. These lagged relations generally signify the time lag between the cause and the effect or the spread of a common cause and are important to study and understand as they can aid in prediction. Identifying lagged relationships in climate data is challenging due to the various complex dependencies present in the data like spatial and temporal auto-correlation, seasonality, trends and long distance teleconnections. In this paper, we present a general framework for finding all pairs of lagged positive and negative relations that can exist in a given spatio-temporal dataset. We use a graph based approach based upon the concept of shared reciprocal nearest neighbor to generate cluster pairs of locations sharing similar or opposing behavior for every time lag. Our framework can be generalized to extract multivariate lagged relationships across different variables thus can be used to understand the lagged response of one variable on another. We show the utility of our approach by extracting some of the known delayed relationships like the Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) and the Pacific North American (PNA) pattern at different lags using the sea level pressure dataset provided by the NCEP/NCAR. Our approach can be broadly applied to other problems in spatio-temporal domain to extract lagged relationships.
DNA-based diagnosis of red cell enzymopathies: how we threw out the baby with the bathwater.

Marinaki and colleagues (page [3327][1]) have identified mutations in patients with pyrimidine-5′ nucleotidase (P-5′N) deficiency at the DNA level. This is a welcome finding, coming as it does years after identification of mutations in all of the more common red cell enzymopathies, such as
An automatic loader for subroutine nests

A method for automatic loading of library subroutines, which can be adapted to operate in conjunction with any conventional two-pass assembler is described. The method is specifically designed to cope with a nested library structure.
Biochemical Characterization of Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium lacking Glucosyl or Galactosyl Lipopolysaccharide Transferases

PREVIOUS work1–5 on the mechanism of biosynthesis of the somatic (0) lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella typhimurium has identified four enzymes involved in synthesis of the core region of the polysaccharide*:
Replacement of the corneal endothelium by melanocytes

Replacement of the corneal endothelium by a monolayer of melanocytes is reported in typical association with earlier surgery and glaucoma. The melanocytes have adjusted to the new location and there are signs that they may have taken on some of the functions of the missing endothelium. The possibility of future use of planned seeding of melanocytes in cases with failing endothelium is considered.
Limited‐Angle inverse scattering problems and their applications for geophysical explorations

The effect of the limited-angle measurements on the nonlinear inverse scattering problem is investigated. Because of incomplete information obtained in the limited-angle inverse problem, the linearized system matrix in the inversion procedure becomes more ill-conditioned compared to that of the conventional inverse scattering problem where the receivers are placed in a circle that completely surrounds the object. Consequently, the quality of the reconstruction is considerably reduced, and sometimes it is almost impossible to reconstruct the profile because of the sparsity of the measurement data. To overcome the above difficulty, a boosting procedure, which will help us to obtain the maximum amount of information for an arbitrary predefined experimental setup, has been proposed based on a physical viewpoint. The results of the computer simulations for well-to-well tomography demonstrate that by applying the boosting procedure the quality of the reconstruction and the speed of the convergence are improved significantly. Furthermore, for subsurface detection where both the transmitters and receivers are confined to the ground, the reconstruction becomes possible after applying the boosting procedure.
Preparing pre‐service secondary education majors for inclusive classrooms in the USA

This study serves as a pilot study for a longitudinal study that will be conducted a year later. The purpose of this research is to determine how a course in special education has impacted secondary general education pre‐service teachers’ attitudes towards individuals with disabilities, teaching students with mild disabilities and the degree of their preparedness (self‐reported) in working with students with disabilities. Forty‐two secondary pre‐service teachers’ reflection papers written at the beginning and end of a mandatory special education course (16 weeks) were analysed using qualitative methodology. The findings supported our research hypothesis that a course in special education with necessary components (i.e. introductory special education knowledge, activities designed to enhance students’ dispositions toward students with disabilities, and instructional strategies that will help general education teachers teach students with mild disabilities at the middle and secondary levels more effectively...
Mass and Angular Momentum Transfer in the Massive Algol Binary RY Persei

We present an investigation of the Hα emission-line variations observed in the massive Algol binary RY Per. We give new radial velocity data for the secondary based on our optical spectra and for the primary based on high-dispersion UV spectra. We present revised orbital elements and an estimate of the primary's projected rotational velocity (which indicates that the primary is rotating 7 times faster than the synchronous rate). We use a Doppler tomography algorithm to reconstruct the individual primary and secondary spectra in the region of Hα, and we subtract the latter from each of our observations to obtain profiles of the primary and its disk alone. Our Hα observations of RY Per show that the mass-gaining primary is surrounded by a persistent but time-variable accretion disk. The profile that is observed outside eclipse has weak double-peaked emission flanking a deep central absorption, and we find that these properties can be reproduced by a disk model that includes the absorption of photospheric light by the band of the disk seen in projection against the face of the star. We developed a new method to reconstruct the disk surface density distribution from the ensemble of Hα profiles observed around the orbit, and this method accounts for the effects of disk occultation by the stellar components, the obscuration of the primary by the disk, and flux contributions from optically thick disk elements. The resulting surface density distribution is elongated along the axis joining the stars in the same way as seen in hydrodynamical simulations of gas flows that strike the mass gainer near the trailing edge of the star. This type of gas stream configuration is optimal for the transfer of angular momentum, and we show that rapid rotation is found in other Algol systems that have passed through a similar stage.
The role of partnering factors in international learning alliance success

Recent empirical findings and conceptual work point to the importance of partnering-related criteria in dyadic learning-alliance outcomes. Consistent with existing research on alliance partner selection, and building on the literature from organisational learning, knowledge transfer, alliances and international management, this paper develops a new multi-component model of key partnering factors linked to dyadic international learning-alliance outcomes. In order to delineate the model, we develop propositions with the aim of identifying a set of partnering-related criteria that can be used by firms to evaluate potential international learning partners and by future researchers to measure and examine the achievement of learning outcomes. We also fill a literature gap by proposing interpartner harmony as a potential mediator in the relationships between these partnering factors and learning outcomes.
The Strata programmable valve for shunt-dependent hydrocephalus: the pediatric experience at a single institution

The Medtronic PS Medical Strata valve has pressure flow characteristics that are noninvasively adjusted with a magnetic tool. The objective of this study was to examine its efficacy during our initial experience with it in shunt-dependent children. A retrospective review of 53 children with a median age of 2.0 years who had 61 Strata valves implanted. The Strata valve is efficacious in the treatment of shunt-dependant hydrocephalus in children. The 1-year shunt survival rate of 67.2% is comparable to that previously reported from a multicenter trial. Of the 30 therapeutically aimed adjustments during the study period, 16 (53.3%) resulted in improvement in abnormal signs or symptoms. Our data indicate that adjustments can be used to treat signs or symptoms of cerebrospinal fluid overdrainage or underdrainage, which may obviate the need for additional surgery.
Gathering refactoring data: a comparison of four methods

Those of us who seek to build better refactoring tools need empirical data collected from real refactoring sessions. The literature reports on different methods for capturing this data, but little is known about how the method of data capture affects the quality of the results. This paper describes 4 methods for drawing conclusions about how programmers refactor, characterizes the assumptions made by each, and presents a family of experiments to test those assumptions. We hope that the results of the experiments will help future researchers choose a data-collection method appropriate to the question that they want to investigate.
Kinetic gating mechanisms for BK channels: when complexity leads to simplicity.

Large conductance calcium-activated K+ channels, also referred to as “BK” or “maxi K” channels because of their big single-channel conductance (∼300 pS in symmetrical 150 mM KCl) are widely distributed in many different tissues ([Latorre 1994][1]; [Kaczorowski et al. 1996][2]). A signature
Northern Trans-Pecos magmatic province: Introduction and comparison with the Kenya rift

The Trans-Pecos magmatic province of West Texas and southern New Mexico is a more eroded analogue of the Kenya (Gregory) rift in East Africa. Trans-Pecos alkalic rocks are similar to the basalt-phonolite-trachyte-rhyolite assemblage from fissure and multicenter eruptions, and from some central volcanoes, in the Kenya rift. In both provinces, quartz-normative and nepheline-normative mafic rocks occur, providing likely parents for the entire observed range of silica saturation. Thus, no special mechanism is needed for deriving silica-undersaturated and silica-oversaturated rocks from one another, because both groups evolved independently. The Kenya rocks tend to be more mafic and, at the silicic end of their compositional range, more peralkalic than the Trans-Pecos rocks. Similarities in tectonic style, extent and duration of magmatism, and igneous rock compositions in the two provinces suggest that the alkalic rocks in both regions were generated by differentiation from quartz-and nepheline-normative parents in the upper parts of elongate mafic or ultramafic intrusions, probably diapiric welts that caused doming and normal faulting.
Paxillin and Phospholipase D Interact To Regulate Actin-Based Processes in Dictyostelium discoideum

ABSTRACT The actin cytoskeleton forms a membrane-associated network whose proper regulation is essential for numerous processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, adhesion, chemotaxis, endocytosis, exocytosis, and multicellular development. In this report, we show that in Dictyostelium discoideum, paxillin (PaxB) and phospholipase D (PldB) colocalize and coimmunoprecipitate, suggesting that they interact physically. Additionally, the phenotypes observed during development, cell sorting, and several actin-required processes, including cyclic AMP (cAMP) chemotaxis, cell-substrate adhesion, actin polymerization, phagocytosis, and exocytosis, reveal a genetic interaction between paxB and pldB, suggesting a functional interaction between their gene products. Taken together, our data point to PldB being a required binding partner of PaxB during processes involving actin reorganization.
Self-Concept and Health Status in Elementary-School-Aged Children

The purpose of this descriptive, correlational study was to measure the relationship between self-concept and physical fitness, health indicators, and health habits in elementary-school-aged children. Instruments included the Martinek-Zaichowsky Self-Concept Scale for Children and a self-administered questionnaire for parents pertaining to family health habits and health history. Children (N = 61) were screened for health and fitness indicators: height, weight, body mass index, 1-mile walk-run time, shuttle run time, and number of curl-ups. Results showed a positive relationship between self-concept and regular exercise and between self-concept and curl-ups. No gender difference was noted in the relationship between self-concept and physical fitness.
The interview process: An examination of factors recruiters use in evaluating job applicants.

Abstract Twenty-four recruiters conducted interviews with 91 students to explore the factors recruiters use in making both an assessment of an applicant's interviewing skills and suitability for hire. Predictors included in analyses consisted of three factor analytically derived scales, an attraction scale, an index of gender similarity, and applicant sex. Both criteria were significantly predicted by interview impression and attraction. Implications for organizational selection processes and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Extreme chirped pulse modelocked semiconductor laser

We demonstrate an extreme chirped pulse modelocked laser, simultaneously generating near-transform-limited 3.9 ps optical pulses and 510 ps linearly chirped output. The design overcomes fundamental limitations of energy extraction and nonlinearities induced by gain dynamics.
Medical Treatment of Alcohol Dependence: A Systematic Review

Objective:To summarize published data on pharmacologic treatments for alcohol dependence alone and in combination with brief psychosocial therapies that may be feasible for primary care and specialty medical settings.Methods:We conducted electronic searches of published original research articles and reviews in MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Embase, and PsychINFO. In addition, hand searches of reference lists of review articles, supplemental searches of internet references and contacts with experts in the field were conducted. Randomized controlled studies published between January 1960 and August 2010 that met our inclusion/exclusion criteria were included.Results:A total of 85 studies, representing 18,937 subjects, met our criteria for inclusion. The evidence base for oral naltrexone (6% more days abstinent than placebo in the largest study) and topiramate (prescribed off-label) (e.g., 26.2% more days abstinent than placebo in a recent study) is positive but modest. Acamprosate shows modest efficacy with rece...
Should we expect less price rigidity in the digital economy

Price rigidity in firms, industries and the economy as a whole is a topic of long-standing interest among scholars of many disciplines such as economics and marketing. Today, however, information technology is increasingly changing the process by which strategic pricing decisions in firms are made and implemented in business operations. This creates the impetus for developing a more substantial managerial understanding of firm pricing processes in the presence of information technology. In the 1990s, technology-driven pricing was largely the domain of the airlines, hotels and rental car companies - with the practice of revenue yield management. However, now it is possible for bricks-and-clicks firms, and even traditional retailers, to implement systems that permit significant adjustments to be made to prices in situations where menu costs previously made rapid price changes difficult to achieve in an economical way. The paper draws upon theoretical perspectives that are largely new to the field of information systems, but that offer rich opportunities for theory-building and empirical research in settings that are of high interdisciplinary interest.
Durability and structure of RF sputtered carbon-nitrogen thin film overcoats on rigid disks of magnetic thin film media

Thin carbon film overcoats were deposited on rigid disks of magnetic thin film media by RFD diode sputtering using a mixture of argon and nitrogen gas. Constant drag test (CDT) and initial take-off velocity of thin film head sliders were measured using a computer-controlled friction-wear tester. As the nitrogen partial pressure was increased from 0 mTorr to 7.5 mTorr, the number of revolutions before wear failure increased from 3000 to 9000 revolutions and the initial take-off velocity decreased from 3.82 m/s to 2.58 m/s. The chemical bonding and elemental composition as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the microstructure as observed by transmission electron microscopy were used to correlate the durability and structure of RF sputtered carbon-nitrogen thin films. >
Transit Network Design with Variable Demand

This paper shows the iterative approach to solving transit network design problem, particularly with variable transit demand under a given fixed total demand. Although recent studies, which use a simplified combinatorial search approach, showed their capability of building optimal transit networks and handling the complicated transit travel time characteristics, only this iterative approach is believed to properly handle the dynamic characteristics of the relationship between variable transit trip demand and optimal transit network design. Since transit demand depends on the configuration of the transit network and frequencies of the routes, this approach is more desirable for transit network planning than combinatorial approach. The basic approach generates the optimal transit network from the initial network, which requires the shortest in-vehicle travel time, through iterating the assignment procedure and the improvement procedure until there is no more improvement in the network. With variable transit demand, the modal split procedure is added to the basic model to generate the optimal transit network and to estimate transit demand simultaneously. This paper also shows the relationship between optimal transit network design and critical design inputs, such as transit operating speed, total demand size, and transfer penalty. As results of the analysis, synergistic effect of variable transit demand and the optimal transit network are discussed.
1608+656: A Quadruple Lens System Found In The CLASS Gravitational Lens Survey

The first phase of a large gravitational lens survey using the Very Large Array at a wavelength of 3.6 cm has been completed, yielding images for 3258 radio sources. The Cosmic Lens All-Sky Survey, or CLASS, is designed to locate gravitational lens systems consisting of multiply-imaged compact components with separations > 0″.2. From this first phase has come the discovery of 1608+656, a quadruply-imaged object with maximum separation of 2″.1. Images from the Palomar 5-m and Keck 10-m telescopes show the lensed images and the lensing galaxy. An optical spectrum obtained with the Palomar 5-m Telescope indicates a redshift of z = 0.63 for the lensing galaxy, and a newly-obtained Palomar spectrum indicates a redshift of z = 1.39 for the lensed source, which appears to be a galaxy. A simple single-galaxy lens model derived from the radio image reproduces the observed configuration and relative fluxes of the images, as well as the position, shape, and orientation of the lensing galaxy. Because a simple mass model is able to fit the observations, we argue that this lens system is promising for determining H 0. CLASS has also yielded the new double image lens system 1600+434. The second phase of the survey is scheduled for August and September 1995 on the VLA, and should yield images for an additional 5000+ targets, bringing the CLASS total to over 8000.
RELATIVISTIC CALCULATION OF NUCLEON--NUCLEON PHASE PARAMETERS.

An approximate Bethe-Salpeter equation is used to calculate the $N\ensuremath{-}N$ phase parameters. The one-boson-exchange (OBE) hypothesis is invoked to approximate the left-hand singularity. A good fit to the existing data is obtained, and certain phase parameters ($^{3}D_{2}$, $^{1}D_{2}$, and $^{3}P_{2}$), which are not fitted well by existing OBE-potential (OBEP) models, are much improved. The observables are not fitted directly, but rather an approximate procedure suggested by MacGregor et al. is used to minimize the experimental ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}$. Comparisons are made with the nonrelativistic OBEP used in conjunction with the Schr\"odinger equation.
MITOCHONDRIAL AUTONOMY Sialic Acid Residues on the Surface of Isolated Rat Cerebral Cortex and Liver Mitochondria

N-acetylneuraminic acid at the surfaces of rat cerebral cortex and liver mitochondria and derived mitoplasts (inner membrane plus matrix particles) was studied biochemically and electrokinetically. Rat cerebral cortex mitochondria in 0.0145 M NaCl, 4.5% sorbitol, pH 7.2 ± 0.1, 0.6 mM NaHCO3, had an electrophoretic mobility of - 2.88 ± 0.01 µ/sec per v per cm. In the same solution the electrophoretic mobility of rat liver mitochondria was - 2.01 ± 0.02, of rat liver mitoplasts was - 1.22 ± 0.07, and of rat cerebral cortex mitoplasts - 0.91 ± 0.04 µ/sec per v per cm. Treatment of these particles with 50 µg neuraminidase/mg particle protein resulted in the following electrophoretic mobilities in µ/sec per v per cm: rat cerebral cortex mitochondria, - 2.27; rat liver mitochondria, - 1.40; rat cerebral cortex mitoplasts, - 0.78; and rat liver mitoplasts, - 1.10. Rat liver mitochondria, mitoplasts, and outer mitochondrial membranes contained 2.0, 1.1, and 4.1 nmoles of sialic acid/mg protein, respectively. 10% of the liver mitochondrial protein and 27.5% of the sialic acid was solubilized in the mitoplast and outer membrane isolation procedure. Rat cerebral cortex mitochondria, mitoplasts, and outer mitochondrial membranes contained 3.1, 0.8, and 6.2 nmoles sialic acid/mg protein, respectively; 10% of the brain mitochondrial protein and 49 % of the sialic acid was solubilized in the mitoplast and outer membrane isolation solution procedure. Treatment of both the rat liver and cerebral cortex mitochondria with 50 µg neuraminidase (dry weight) /mg protein resulted in the release of about 50% of the available outer membrane sialic acid residues. Treatment of all of the particles with trypsin caused release of sialic acid but did not greatly affect the particle electrophoretic mobility. In each instance, curves of pH vs. electrophoretic mobility indicated that the particle surface contained an acid dissociable group, most likely a carboxyl group of sialic acid with pKa ∼ 2.7. Treatment of either the rat liver or the cerebral cortex mitochondria with trypsinized concanavalin A did not affect the particle electrophoretic mobility but did cause a decrease in the electrophoretic mobility of L5178Y mouse leukemic cells.
A 0.8dB insertion-loss, 23dB isolation, 17.4dBm power-handling, 5GHz transmit/receive CMOS switch

The highest performance to date of any switch using P CMOS process, of B 0.8dB insertion-loss, 23dB isolation and 17.4dBm power-handling capability at SGHz, is accomplished with m optimized single-pole double-throw (SPDT) transmillreceive (TIR) switch using Depletion-layer- Extended Transistors (DETs) in a 0.1Sp CMOS process. The effects of junction capacitance decrease and Substrate resistance increase in the DET, the adoption of low-loss shielded-pads, and several layout optimizations, lead to the realization of this low insertion-loss. Moreover, the combined effect of the adoption of the soureeldrain DC biasing scheme and the high substrate resistance in the DET contributes to the high power-handling capability.
Elavil® (Merck Sharp & Dohme)

Amitriptyline is an antidepressant with antianxiety action and a sedative component. Its precise mechanism is not known; it is not a monoamine oxidase inhibitor and it does not act primarily by stimulating the central nervous system. Amitriptyline is known to inhibit the membrane mechanism responsible for reuptake of norepinephrine into adrenergic neurons.
Approximation Algorithms for Spatial Scheduling

Spatial scheduling problems involve a set of jobs which have spatial dimensions in addition to traditional scheduling considerations such as due dates or processing times. In these problems processing space is a limited resource, and the scheduling decisions must determine both when and where the each job will be processed as well as each job’s layout orientation. Spatial scheduling problems find many real-world applications in industries such as shipbuilding and aircraft assembly, where there is limited working space available and tasks utilize significant amounts of spatial resources in their completion. In this chapter we discuss spatial scheduling and present several heuristic and metaheuristic algorithms for this problem class.
Mechanism of Increasing the Activity of the Enzyme ofAspergillus oryzae by the Addition of Phytic Acid

The phytase could be secreted by Aspergillus oryzae.If phytic acid is added in the koji-making,the phytase can resolves phytic acid into inositol and phosphate.Inositol activates the enzymes so as to increase the activity of the enzyme of Aspergillus oryzae.
The spiral-mode microstrip antenna-broad bandwidth and low profile

As the number of mobile and airborne radio systems increases, their antennas compete for antenna space on the surface of the vehicle. One way to mitigate this problem is to use multifunction antennas, which requires very broadband antennas. A spiral mode microstrip (SMM) antenna is presented as a multifunction antenna. It has the rare combination of broad bandwidth and low profile and is efficient and amenable to diversity of pattern and polarization. It exhibits a gain bandwidth ratio of more than 6:1 and even larger pattern and impedance bandwidths.
Infection Control in the Dental Laboratory: A Review of the Literature

The dental laboratory has been shown to be an area of potential disease transmission between patients and to laboratory personnel. This paper reviews pertinent literature on the subject and describes the "Barrier System," a proven infection control protocol to manage dental prostheses in the laboratory.