cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Blind source separation in the physical layer

Multi-antenna radio systems exploit spatial inhomogeneity to share wireless resources. Blind source separation is a powerful capability that can reduce many received signals into a salient estimate of independent transmitters. Performing blind source separation in the analog, physical layer promises significant performance improvements but presents a problem in that not all received signals can be observed at the same time. We propose a novel algorithm that synthesizes univariate statistics to reconstruct the multivariate statistical properties required for blind source separation. Using analog photonic hardware, we demonstrate experimental techniques for obtaining the required information while remaining true to realistic constraints on observability. Finally, we provide an example application for using the physical layer to preserve privacy in spectrum monitoring operations. The concepts and techniques developed lay a groundwork for further research in blind multivariate analysis in the high-performance analog domain.
Silylium (R3Si+) Catalyzed Condensative Cyclization for Anhydrosugar Synthesis

The silylium (Me2EtSi+) catalyzed condensative cyclization of persilylated linear or cyclic sugars has been examined as a selective route to monoanhydro sugars. The silylium could be generated either from the sequential addition of [Ph3C+][B(C6F5)4–] and R3SiH (where Si is the silyl protecting group (either trimethylsilyl (TMS) or Me2EtSi)) or by abstracting a primary silyl ether with the Lewis acid catalyst B(C6F5)3. This latter method forms [R3SiO–B(C6F5)3–] and a silylium-coordinated product. This reactive pair eventually converts to L–B(C6F5)3 (L = THF-like product) and the condensate (R3Si)2O. The L–B(C6F5)3 is a much less potent form of the catalyst. Under the silylium catalyzed conditions, linear sugars (CnOn, n = 5, 6) and biomass-derived tetraols (C6O4) afford a diverse collection of diastereomerically pure THFs in good to excellent yields (50–99%). Persilylated 1,6-anhydrogalactofuranose is provided in a single step from persilylated galactose (85% isolation yield after silyl deprotection) and t...
The Role of Diagnostic Imaging in the Planning and Evaluation of Ablation Techniques

The role of pre- and posttreatment imaging in thermal ablation of liver, renal, and lung tumors is reviewed. Typical imaging features on CT, MRI, and PET of successful treatment, viable tumor, and benign ancillary findings that may be confused with viable tumor are discussed. Imaging features of complications of ablation are also considered.
Pre-post assessment of creativity methods in an experimental course

This paper compares performance and creativity of design projects before (pre) and after (post) students apply creativity methods taught to them in an experimental course. Design projects are evaluated by numeric performance scores and qualitative Creative Product Semantic Scale (CPSS) scores. A preliminary pre-post analysis of design projects indicates that the creativity of the projects improves after applying creativity methods; however, a more creative project does not necessarily improve performances after applying creativity methods. CPSS 'resolution' scores and 'elaboration and synthesis' scores are good measures of project performance; however, CPSS 'novelty' scores do not have significant associations with performance scores. Projects with simpler designs perform better, which is suggested by a significant negative association between part counts and performance scores.
Pulmonary-Systemic Pressure Ratio Correlates with Morbidity in Cardiac Valve Surgery.

Objectives Pulmonary hypertension portends worse outcomes in cardiac valve surgery; however, isolated pulmonary artery pressures may not reflect patients’ global cardiac function accurately. To better account for the interventricular relationship, the authors hypothesized that patients with greater pulmonary-systemic ratios (mean pulmonary arterial pressure)/(mean systemic arterial pressure) would correlate with worse outcomes after valve surgery. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Single academic hospital. Participants The study comprised 314 patients undergoing valve surgery with or without coronary artery bypass grafting (2004-2016) with Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk scores and preoperative right heart catheterization. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results The pulmonary-systemic ratio was calculated as follows: mean pulmonary arterial pressure/mean systemic arterial pressure. Patients were stratified by pulmonary-systemic ratio quartile. Logistic regression was used to assess the risk-adjusted association between pulmonary-systemic ratio or mean pulmonary arterial pressure. Median pulmonary-systemic ratio was 0.33 (Q1-Q3: 0.23-0.65); median pulmonary arterial pressure was 29 (21-30) mmHg. Patients with the highest pulmonary-systemic ratio had the highest rates of morbidity and mortality (p Conclusions The pulmonary-systemic ratio is more strongly associated with risk-adjusted morbidity and mortality in valve surgery than pulmonary arterial pressure. By integrating ventricular interactions, this metric may better characterize the risk of valve surgery.
The Fiduciary Duty of Care

Fiduciary duties of care are at once familiar and strange. They partake of many of the characteristics of duties of care in other domains of private law, particularly tort law. But they also bear the distinctive marks of the fiduciary context. This chapter identifies two ways in which fiduciary duties of care tend to be distinct from tort duties of care. First, with some important exceptions, they are less demanding and less vigorously enforced. Second, breaches of the fiduciary duty of care can give rise to liability even if no injury results to the beneficiary. These distinctive features, I argue, reflect judicial efforts to harmonize the fiduciary’s duty of care with her duty of loyalty. As such, they are defensible, even if not in all respects justified.
High frequency transient-evoked otoacoustic emission measurements using chirp and click stimuli.

Abstract Transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) at high frequencies are a non-invasive physiological test of basilar membrane mechanics at the basal end, and have clinical potential to detect risk of hearing loss related to outer-hair-cell dysfunction. Using stimuli with constant incident pressure across frequency, TEOAEs were measured in experiment 1 at low frequencies (0.7–8 kHz) and high frequencies (7.1–14.7 kHz) in adults with normal hearing up to 8 kHz and varying hearing levels from 9 to 16 kHz. In combination with click stimuli, chirp stimuli were used with slow, medium and fast sweep rates for which the local frequency increased or decreased with time. Chirp TEOAEs were transformed into equivalent click TEOAEs by inverse filtering out chirp stimulus phase, and analyzed similarly to click TEOAEs. To improve detection above 8 kHz, TEOAEs were measured in experiment 2 with higher-level stimuli and longer averaging times. These changes increased the TEOAE signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by 10 dB. Slower sweep rates were investigated but the elicited TEOAEs were detected in fewer ears compared to faster rates. Data were acquired in adults and children (age 11–17 y), including children with cystic fibrosis (CF) treated with ototoxic antibiotics. Test-retest measurements revealed satisfactory repeatability of high-frequency TEOAE SNR (median of 1.3 dB) and coherence synchrony measure, despite small test-retest differences related to changes in forward and reverse transmission in the ear canal. The results suggest the potential use of such tests to screen for sensorineural hearing loss, including ototoxic loss. Experiment 2 was a feasibility study to explore TEOAE test parameters that might be used in a full-scale study to screen CF patients for risk of ototoxic hearing loss.
A Detailed Review on Physical Unclonable Function Circuits for Hardware Security

Physical unclonable function (PUF) circuits are used to store secret information in the form of physical characteristics. PUF provides low-cost and efficient authentication, which enhances the hardware security of the chip without employing expensive cryptographic algorithms. The secret key is derived from inherent fabrication variations depends on PUF circuit responses. Hence it is difficult to predict device information by an attacker. In this paper, the literature review of different models of PUF circuits and the various properties of PUFs such as uniqueness, reproducibility, randomness, area, scalability, and compatibility with CMOS. Highlighting several emerging concepts in PUF technologies that are attaining viable interest and its applications in different environments.
Horner's Syndrome as Initial Manifestation of Possible Brachial Plexopathy Neurolymphomatosis

Introduction: Horner's syndrome is an established clinical finding unique to neoplastic brachial plexopathy. Background: We present the case of a patient who developed Horner's syndrome as the first manifestation of neurolymphomatosis (NL) of the brachial plexus that did not have the usually associated bulky adenopathy/Pancoast syndrome phenotype. Discussion: We discuss the clinical utility of Horner's syndrome with regards to brachial plexopathy of indeterminate etiology, as well as the utility of other diagnostic modalities in NL. Concluding Remarks: NL, particularly of the brachial plexus, is particularly challenging to diagnose. MRI and CSF studies are often inconclusive. FDG-PET imaging can be difficult to get insurance to approve. The presence of Horner's syndrome in brachial plexopathy of indeterminate etiology, even in the absence of bulky adenopathy, should raise clinical suspicion of NL, possibly prompting such interventions as fascicular nerve biopsy.
Surface Structure Patterning for Fabricating Non-fluorinated Superhydrophobic Cellulosic Membranes

Superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted great interest in both scientific research and industrial applications. Patterned nanocellulose membrane surfaces were fabricated by a simple pressing process. After chemical modification with non-fluorinated and low-cost industrial chemicals, such as alkyl ketene dimers (AKD), wax, and isocyanate, some nanocellulose membranes showed water contact angles >150°. The combination of microsized pattern and nanosized cellulose fibers created a hierarchical structure that contributed to the superhydrophobic properties. SEM and optical microscopy were used to characterize the fiber network and hierarchical structures. Wetting experiments showed that water droplets roll off the cellulose membrane with fabricated pillar size lower than 100 μm after chemical modification with AKD, wax, or isocyanate. The process used in this superhydrophobic cellulose membrane fabrication is simple, cost-effective, and amenable to scale up so it has potential to be used as a liquid packaging...
Laboratory Evaluation of Sperm Chromatin: TUNEL Assay

Routine semen analysis is unable to assess alterations in sperm chromatin organization such as DNA damage. Because fertility is based not only on the absolute number of spermatozoa but also on their functional capability, methods for exploring sperm DNA stability and integrity are being used to evaluate fertility disorders. A large number of direct and indirect tests that measure sperm DNA damage have been developed. This chapter focuses on one of those tests – the terminal deoxytransferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick end-labeling or TUNEL assay – which is increasingly being used in many laboratories.
The Effect of Preexisting Anticoagulation on Cerebrovascular Events in Left-Sided Infective Endocarditis

Abstract Background Stroke is a frequent complication of infective endocarditis, especially infection involving left-sided valves. Management of anticoagulation in left-sided infective endocarditis is controversial as it is unclear whether anticoagulation impacts stroke and bleeding risk in patients with this condition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of anticoagulation on stroke occurrence and bleeding complications in patients with left-sided infective endocarditis. Methods Patients admitted to a tertiary academic hospital with left-sided infective endocarditis between December 2011 and April 2018 were identified. Patients were stratified based on receipt of therapeutic anticoagulation prior to admission. The primary outcome measure was the rate of radiographically confirmed stroke at 10 weeks. Results Two-hundred and fifty-eight consecutive patients with left-sided infective endocarditis were identified. Patients receiving anticoagulation (n = 50) were older (median age 63 vs 52; P = .02), were more likely to have a history of atrial fibrillation (22% vs 8.2%; P Conclusions Preexisting anticoagulation did not appear to have an effect on stroke, cerebrovascular hemorrhage, or mortality in patients with left-sided infective endocarditis at 10 weeks. Continuation of anticoagulation in patients with a definitive preexisting indication should be considered in patients with left-sided infective endocarditis in the absence of other contraindications.
Implantation technique, safety and complications of robot-assisted stereoelectroencephalography exploration of the limbic thalamus in human focal epilepsy

Abstract Introduction Despite numerous imaging studies highlighting the importance of thalamus in surgical prognosis, human electrophysiological studies involving the limbic thalamic nuclei are limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and accuracy of robot-assisted stereotactic electrode placement in the limbic thalamic nuclei in patients with suspected temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Methods After obtaining informed consent, 24 adults with drug-resistant suspected TLE undergoing Stereo-EEG evaluation were enrolled in this prospective study. The trajectory of one electrode planned for clinical sampling the operculo-insular cortex was modified to extend to the thalamus, thereby preventing the need for additional electrode placement for research. The anterior thalamus (ANT) (N=13) and the medial group of thalamic nuclei (MED) (N=11), including mediodorsal (MD) and centromedian (CeM) were targeted. The post-implantation CT was co-registered to the pre-operative MRI, and Morel’s thalamic atlas was used to confirm the accuracy of implantation. Results Ten out of 13 (77%) in the ANT group and 10 out of 11 patients (90%) in the medial group had electrodes accurately placed in the thalamic nuclei. None of the patients had a thalamic hemorrhage. However, trace asymptomatic hemorrhages at the cortical level entry site were noted in 20.8% of patients and they did not require additional surgical intervention. SEEG data from all the patients were interpretable and analyzable. The trajectories for the ANT implant differed slightly from the medial group at the entry point i.e., precentral gyrus in the former and postcentral gyrus in the latter. Conclusions Using judiciously planned robot-assisted SEEG, we demonstrate the safety of electrophysiological sampling from various thalamic nuclei for research recordings, presenting a technique that avoids implanting additional depth electrodes, or comprising clinical care. With these results, we propose that if patients are fully informed of the risks involved, there are potential benefits of gaining mechanistic insights to seizure genesis, which may help to develop neuromodulation therapies.
A Monolithic Spatial Heterodyne Raman Spectrometer: Initial Tests

A monolithic spatial heterodyne Raman spectrometer (mSHRS) is described, where the optical components of the spectrometer are bonded to make a small, stable, one-piece structure. This builds on pre...
Assessing and improving students' collaborative skills using a mental health simulation: A pilot study.

People with severe mental illnesses have complex needs that require coordinated care. However, students in different health professions are usually educated in silos without an emphasis on collabor...
Investigating Young Children's Conceptualizations of Disability and Race: An Intersectional, Multiplane Critique.

Education researchers have extensively documented young children’s capacity to exhibit “bias” in relation to disability or race. By and large, data generation has focused on children’s awareness an...
Measure invariance of ergodic symbolic systems for low-delay detection of anomalous events

Abstract This paper investigates the spectral properties of ergodic measure of symbolic systems for applications to signal processing, pattern recognition, and anomaly detection in uncertain dynamical systems. The underlying algorithm is built upon the concept of ergodic sequences of measure-preserving transformations (MPT) on probability spaces, where non-stationary probabilistic finite state automata (PFSA) are constructed using short-length windows of time-series measurements. The resulting PFSA are non-homogeneous Markov, in which spectral properties of the MPT depend on several parameters that include the window length. The paper also develops an MPT-based metric to quantify the divergence of the evolving PFSA from that of the nominal PFSA; this information is then used for pattern classification and anomaly detection with low-delay tolerance. The MPT-based methodology has been validated with experimental data generated from a laboratory apparatus that deals with detection of thermoacoustic instabilities in combustion processes, which are known to have chaotic characteristics on a time scale of milliseconds. In this application, the concepts of MPT and ergodicity have been used to develop a novel symbolic time series analysis (STSA)-based detection method, whose performance is validated by comparison with two well-known techniques, namely, hidden Markov model (HMM) and cumulative sum (CUSUM), on the same experimental data. The results consistently show superior performance of the proposed MPT-based STSA.
THE INDIA MUTATIONS AND B.1.617 DELTA VARIANTS: IS THERE A GLOBAL "STRATEGY" FOR MUTATIONS AND EVOLUTION OF VARIANTS OF THE SARS-COV2 GENOME?

In this paper, we run for all INDIA mutations and variants a biomathematical numerical method for analysing mRNA nucleotides sequences based on UA/CG Fibonacci numbers proportions (Perez, 2021). In this study, we limit ourselves to the analysis of whole genomes, all coming from the mutations and variants of SARS-CoV2 sequenced in India in 2020 and 2021. We then demonstrate - both on actual genomes of patients and on variants combining the most frequent mutations to the SARS-CoV2 Wuhan genomes and then to the B.1.617 variant - that the numerical Fibonacci AU / CG metastructures increase considerably in all cases analyzed in ratios of up to 8 times. We can affirm that this property contributes to a greater stability and lifespan of messenger RNAs, therefore, possibly also to a greater INFECTUOSITY of these variant genomes. Out of a total of 108 genomes analyzed: None ("NONE") of them contained a number of metastructures LOWER than those of the reference SARS-CoV2 Wuhan genome. Eleven (11) among them contained the same number of metastructures as the reference genome. 97 of them contained a GREATER number of metastructures than the reference genome, ie 89.81% of cases. The average increase in the number of metastructures for the 97 cases studied is 4.35 times the number of SARS-CoV2 UA/CG 17711 Fibonacci metastructures. Finally, we put a focus on B.1.617.2 crucial exponential growth Indian variant. Then, we demonstrate, by analyzing the main worldwide 19 variants, both at the level of spikes and of whole genomes, how and why these UA / CG metastuctures increase overall in the variants compared to the 2 reference strains SARS-CoV2 Wuhan and D614G. Then, we discuss the possible risk of ADE for vaccinated people. To complete this article, an ADDENDUM by Nobelprizewinner Luc Montagnier vas added at the end of this paper.
Antiviral Therapy of Highly Pathogenic Viral Diseases

Thera are many severe diseases caused by infection with enveloped negative-stranded RNA viruses which could benefit significantly from antiviral therapy. These diseases include rabies caused by a rhabdovirus, Lassa fever, Argentinian and Bolivian hemorrhagic fevers caused by arenaviruses, Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers caused by Filoviridae, other hemorrhagic fevers associated with bunyavirus infections [Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), Rift valley fever and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)], as well as many of the togavirus diseases such as encephalitis, Yellow fever and Dengue fever. The status of antiviral therapy differs for each of these infections, but with few exceptions little clinical trial data exist. The purpose of this review will be to summarize the relevant data for antiviral therapy of these diseases with special emphasis on those human RNA virus infections already known to respond to antiviral therapy in clinical trials.
Pigs Wearing Booties Earn Scorn of Red Press

On August 27, 1951 a dispatch came over the AP wire entitled, “Pigs Wearing Booties Earn Scorn of Red Press.” Soviet scientist L.K. Greben had been criticized by Izvestia for trying to improve a breed of hogs by putting boots on their feet. Greben was working with a herd of pigs from the Ukrainian plains. The piglets were developing hereditary lameness, a problem Greben attempted to correct by treating them with penicillin and ostrich grease, and making footpaths for them to walk on. After such methods proved fruitless Greben decided to shoe the hogs in special footwear. Izvestia wondered why he did not simply introduce new blood into the herd, and quoted a statement he had made at the VASKhNIL session: “The preparation of zootechnicians in the universities on the basis of formal genetic principles brings confusion to the minds of young, specialists to this very day, and hinders us from including properly in general practice the raising of the productivity of animal breeding.”
Creating an Interactive Learning Environment with Reusable HCI Knowledge

We propose an interactive learning environment for Human-Computer-Interaction design based on a new form of reusable design components organized in a knowledge repository. Our repository focuses on reusability and accessibility to share design knowledge among students. We evaluate how these reusable components impact student knowledge of the design domain and their reuse of HCI knowledge. Results show that by exposing students to valuable concerns and alternatives for the design of interactive systems, these reusable components can improve students’ understanding of the design scope and lead to an increased use of existing HCI knowledge in their designs.
A Hydrogen-Activity Meter for Liquid Sodium and its Application to Hydrogen Solubility Measurements

A diffusion-type hydrogen-activity meter has been developed at Argonne National Laboratory to measure the hydrogen level of the sodium coolant in Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor systems. The mete...
One-loop correction to the energy of spinning strings in S 5

We revisit the computation of the 1-loop ${\mathrm{A}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{S}}_{5}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{S}^{5}$ superstring sigma model correction to the energy of a closed circular string rotating in ${S}^{5}$. The string is spinning around its center of mass with two equal angular momenta ${J}_{2}={J}_{3}$ and its center of mass angular momentum is ${J}_{1}$. We revise the argument that the 1-loop correction is suppressed by $\frac{1}{J}$ factor [$J={J}_{1}+2{J}_{2}$ is the total SO(6) spin] relative to the classical $\frac{\ensuremath{\lambda}{J}_{2}}{{J}^{2}}$ term in the energy and use numerical methods to compute the leading 1-loop coefficient. The corresponding gauge-theory result is known only in the ${J}_{1}=0$ limit when the string solution becomes unstable and thus the 1-loop shift of the energy formally contains an imaginary part. While the comparison with gauge-theory may not be well defined in this case, our numerical string-theory value of the 1-loop coefficient seems to disagree with the gauge-theory one. A plausible explanation should be in the different order of limits taken on the gauge-theory and the string-theory sides of the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory duality.
Prediction of welding residual stresses and redistribution/relaxation due to cyclic loading

A three dimensional gradient of residual stresses is inevitable for almost any welding process due to the thermal cycle. During subsequent cyclic loading, these residual stresses were expected to alter the fatigue life with trends similar to those observed for uniaxial experiments with mean stresses. However, plastic deformation during cyclic events can cause the residual stresses to redistribute and relax. Experiments were performed to determine the uniaxial fatigue performance of a low carbon steel transverse double-sided butt weld specimen. An automated laser speckle interferometry hole drilling system was utilized to determine both the initial residual stresses and those after a specified number of cyclic events. Finite element modeling was used to simulate the evolution of the residual stress during the welding thermal cycle and subsequent cyclic loading at room temperature. A user-defined subroutine was developed to include appropriate cyclic plasticity and time dependent creep mechanisms in the model. Excellent correlation between experimentally measured initial residual stress measurements and refined analytical modeling was demonstrated. During cyclic loading, the residual stresses were experimentally observed and analytically predicted to redistribute and relax nonlinearly with respect to applied nominal load and load ratio. A Findley critical plane damage parameter was employed to evaluate the interaction of a multidimensional residual stress field with uniaxial nominal loading after simple uniaxial theories were shown to be inadequate. By considering the amplitude and load ratio dependent stabilized residual stresses, the baseline weld data could be recast in terms of the Findley parameter, which collapsed the experimental constant amplitude data. The concepts developed allowed evaluation of a hypothetical high-low sequence, simulating an initial shakedown event, resulting in considerably longer fatigue lives for "normal" service events when redistribution and relaxation of the residual stresses were included in the durability analysis. The concepts presented are in a format that is easily extended to more complex geometries and loadings.
Telling Great Stories: An NSDL Content and Communications System for Aggregation, Display, and Distribution of News and Features

Education digital libraries contain cataloged resources as well as contextual information about innovations in the use of educational technology, exemplar stories about community activities, and news from various user communities that include teachers, students, scholars, and developers. Long-standing library traditions of service, preservation, democratization of knowledge, rich discourse, equal access, and fair use are evident in library communications models that both pull in and push out contextual information from multiple sources integrated with editorial production processes. This paper argues that a dynamic narrative flow [1] is enabled by effective management of complex content and communications in a decentralized web-based education digital library making publishing objects such as aggregations of resources, or selected parts of objects [4] accessible through a Content and Communications System. Providing services that encourage patrons to reuse, reflect out, and contribute resources back [5] to the Library increases the reach and impact of the National Science Digital Library (NSDL). This system is a model for distributed content development and effective communications for education digital libraries in general.
Satellite Studies of the Earth’s Magnetic Tail

One consequence of the interaction between the solar wind and the geomagnetic field is a deformation of the magnetosphere such as to produce a magnetospheric tail that extends away from the sun. The existence of the Earth’s magnetic tail was anticipated theoretically by Piddington (1960) and by Dungey (1961, 1963). Early measurements by Explorer 10 (Heppner et al., 1963) and Explorer 14 (Cahill, 1964) revealed the distortion of the geomagnetic field on the nighttime side of the earth. Measurements performed more recently by a number of high apogee satellites and deep space probes have verified that the magnetic tail is a permanent extension of the geomagnetosphere. Figure 1 summarizes the trajectories of some of these spacecraft which have investigated the antisolar region of the magnetosphere since 1963.
A simplified method for isolating outer membrane proteins from Pasteurella haemolytica A1

Abstract The outer membrane of Pasteurella haemolytica A1 (Ph-1) contains several major proteins which may play an important role in stimulating protective immunity. This report describes a method which was used to successfully isolate three Ph-1 outer membrane proteins (OMPs). The molecular weights of these OMPs are 31 kilodaltons (kD), 40 kD and 42 kD respectively. This method involves two steps: first, a sarcosyl extraction step was used to obtain a crude OMP prep; and secondly, these OMPs were separated by gel electrophoresis using a Bio-Rad 491 Prep Cell which separates proteins based on their molecular weights. Isolation of the proteins was demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Immunogenicity was then demonstrated by immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with convalescent serum taken from calves with prior exposure to Ph-1. SDS-PAGE results show that single bands of each protein were obtained. Immunoblots and ELISA's of these proteins show that the convalescent antiserum used reacted with the 31 kD and 40 kD proteins, but did not react with the 42 kD protein. This procedure provides for a simplified method to obtain highly purified OMP's from Ph-1 which may now be evaluated on an individual basis as to what role they may play in stimulating resistance to pasteurellosis.
Extent and intensity of the anoxic zone in basins and fjords

Abstract A model is presented that describes the extent and intensity of the anoxic zone of semi-enclosed basins. Vertical profiles of oxygen and hydrogen sulfide can be modeled by normalizing depth to the sill and bottom depths of the basin, and oxygen and sulfide to the oxygen concentration at sill depth. Profile shapes are controlled by three model parameters that express the ratio of in situ respiration to diffusion, the ratio of oxygen diffusion to advection and the ratio of sulfide production (in oxygen equivalents) to oxygen diffusion. Anoxic basins fall into three categories when compared in terms of their normalized interface depth and normalized bottom sulfide concentrations. Analysis of the three groups suggests that one group represents basins not in equilibrium. The other two groups represent basins in equilibrium; one, with relatively linear sulfide profiles, dominated by sulfide production in the sediments, and the other, with curved sulfide profiles, in which sulfide production in both the water column and sediments is important.
Reactions of coal in acidic phenol. Model compound studies

The cleavage of a series of methylene- and ether-linked aromatics has been studied in phenol acidified with p-toluenesulfonic acid as model processes for the acidic ‘depolymerization’ of coals. Methylenelinked unactivated aromatics do not react during refluxing for 24 h, whereas cleavage sometimes occurs if the aromatic moiety has electron-donating substituents. Benzylic ethers are cleaved, but also undergo a variety of condensation reactions. The failure of the acid-catalysed depolymerization of coals in phenol may be due either to the lack of cleavable bonds in the coal or to internal condensation reactions which compete with the depolymerization.
Statistical Characterization of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Material Properties for Structural Design

A consistent basis for statistically reducing fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite material property test data for load and resistance factor design (LRFD) of composite structures is developed in this paper. A two-parameter Weibull probability distribution is recommended for modeling both strength and stiffness properties. Consistent with practice for other materials used in structural engineering applications, the 5-percentile value of strength of coupons and components, as well as modulus values, appropriately adjusted for the small size of typical data samples, is recommended for the nominal value of strength for LRFD applications. Statistical uncertainty due to small sample size in the data reduction process is accounted for through the use of a data confidence factor, which is the tolerance limit defined as the 80th percent lower confidence level of the 5-percentile value of the population. With the nominal values so determined, appropriate resistance factors for LRFD-based design codes can be de...
Magnetic properties of hole-doped SCGO, SrCr(8)Ga(4-x)M(x)O(19) (M = Zn, Mg, Cu).

We report changes in the magnetic properties of hole-doped SCGO, SrCr8Ga4O19, induced by replacing non-magnetic Ga3+ with both non-magnetic (Mg2+ and Zn2+) and magnetic (Cu2+) cations. The resulting solid solutions, SrCr8Ga4−xMxO19 (M = Zn, Mg, Cu) have been studied by x-ray diffraction and magnetic susceptibility measurements. For all cases, at least 10% of Ga can be replaced by divalent cations resulting in oxidation of ≥5% of the Cr3+ (d3) to Cr4+ (d2). The hole doping results in an increase in ferromagnetic interactions and reduces the magnetic frustration. In the SrCr8Ga4−xCuxO19 series an enhancement of the spin-glass-like transition is observed, Tf~ 6 K, which we ascribe to the magnetic nature of the Cu2+ (d9) dopant.
The occurrence of molybdenum-99 in natural and in depleted uranium salts and the spontaneous fission half-life of uranium-238

Abstract Measurements of the 99Mo/238U equilibrium ratios in aqueous solutions of non-irradiated uranium salts gave the following results: (4·4 ± 0·4) × 10−4 and (4·4 ± 0·3) × 10−4 disintegrations per second of 99Mo per gramme of 238U in natural uranium and in depleted uranium, respectively. A value of (8·0 ± 0·5) × 1015 years, which agrees with Segre's value, is obtained from the above data for the spontaneous fission half-life of 238U, if one assumes that the yield of 99Mo is 6·4 per cent and the spontaneous fission of 238U is the only source of 99Mo.
Synthesis of N1-substituted analogues of (2R,4R)-4-amino-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid as agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors

Abstract The chemical synthesis of a series of N 1 -substituted derivatives of (2 R ,4 R )-4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid [(2 R ,4 R )-APDC] as constrained analogues of γ-substituted glutamic acids is described. Appropriate substitution of the N 1 -position results in agonist, partial agonist, or antagonist activity at mGluR2, mGluR3, and/or mGluR6.
Inferring Meaning from Syntactic Structures in Acquisition: The Case of Transitivity and Telicity

This paper investigated children's ability to use syntactic structures to infer semantic information. The particular syntax-semantics link examined was the one between transitivity (transitive/intransitive structures) and telicity (telic/atelic perspectives; that is, boundedness). Although transitivity is an important syntactic reflex of telicity, it is neither necessary nor sufficient for predicting a telicity value; it is therefore a weak cue for telicity semantics. Nevertheless, children do make use of it. Experiment 1 used a match-to-sample task and found that 3-year children could use transitivity information to guide their interpretations of telicity. Experiment 2 used a preferential looking task with 2-year-old children and similarly found that these children could successfully use transitivity as a cue to telicity. Children in both experiments succeeded with both causal and directed-motion events, suggesting that telicity judgments are not tied to any one event type. These results are discussed in the context of other semantic elements that children can link to transitivity, and taken together, are argued to support a largely inferential link between transitivity and telicity.
Collisional perturbation of states in atomic ytterbium by helium and neon

Results of an investigation of collisional deexcitation of the metastable $6s6p{}^{3}{P}_{0}$ state in atomic ytterbium by helium and neon buffer gases are reported. We find upper limits for the quenching cross sections to be ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{He}}l13\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}22}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{Ne}}l8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}22}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}.$ The small cross sections may allow an ytterbium parity nonconservation experiment to be performed in a vapor cell. We have also measured the pressure broadening and shift of the $6s6p{}^{3}{P}_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6s7s{}^{3}{\mathrm{S}}_{1}$ and ${6s}^{2}{}^{1}{S}_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6s6p{}^{3}{P}_{1}$ transitions by helium and neon.
Should Everyone Go to College

The combination of ability, interest, potential for commensurate employment, and reasonable cost should direct an individual's career path.
The revised velocity-strain relationship: phase-plane analysis of left ventricular function and dysfunction.

Abstract Cyclical cardiac mechanical performance has been described by plotting mid-wall left ventricular circumferential velocity, or strain rate ( V ) as a function of instantaneous mid-wall strain (ϵ). This results in individual velocity-strain ( V - ϵ ) parameters. For any given individual, a standard velocity-strain plot is represented by a sinusoidally varying strain and strain rate. Three standard velocity-strain variables are then defined. The peak velocity, or peak strain rate ( V M ), the cycle strain at V M ( ϵ M ), and the system time constant ( τ M ). The individual velocity-strain parameters are then divided by these standard V - ϵ parameters to result in normalized V-ϵ parameters for both cardiac systole and cardiac diastole. Thirty-six patients were evaluated, consisting of four groups: Normals (N = 15 patients), Compensated Volume Overload (CVO = 6 patients), Decompensated Volume Overload (DVO = 9 patients) and Congestive Cardiomyopathy (CCM = 6 patients). Five individual velocity-strain parameters significantly differentiate the CCM group from the N group. However, they do not differentiate CVO group and DVO group from the N group. Two standard V - ϵ parameters and one normalized V - ϵ parameter significantly differentiated the CVO group and the DVO group from the N group. Two standard V - ϵ parameters and one normalized V - ϵ parameter significantly differentiated the CCM group from the N group. It is recommended that future phase-plane analyses of non-linear cardiac phenomena include both standardization and normalization techniques.
Explanation, understanding and typical action

There are immense differences in the social sciences both as regards what is to be explained and how it is to be explained. I make an initial distinction between the understanding, construed roughly as acquiring a grasp of the generative mechanisms and structures at work in the world, natural and social, and explanation, which I construe as causal. I clarify several candidates for the objects of explanation and reject the idea that the “explanation of behavior”—if that means the acts of concrete situated persons—is ever the proper object of explanation. Critical to my account is the idea of a typical actor, created for purposes of explanation. I conclude by applying this analysis to the explanation of crime.
On information system semantics: Expert vs. decision support systems

Abstract AI will surely have an important impact on the management of future organizations. The problem now is to make some reasonable assessment of its promise and limitations, in order to direct research and development. Here we examine what an ‘ideal’ knowledge-based management information system could and could not do. The arguments are based on considerations of formal semantics.
Where does atrial fibrillation surgery fail? Implications for increasing effectiveness of ablation

Objective Surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation is generally safe and effective, but atrial fibrillation redevelops in approximately 20% of patients. We sought to determine anatomic factors, technology factors, or both that contribute to these failures. Methods Four hundred eight patients underwent 5 types of atrial fibrillation ablation depending on their atrial fibrillation history and need for concomitant surgical intervention: the classic maze procedure, high-intensity focused ultrasound, the left atrial maze procedure, the biatrial maze procedure, and pulmonary vein isolation. Ninety-five percent of patients with preoperative atrial fibrillation underwent surgical ablation. Results Patients undergoing high-intensity focused ultrasound had a high rate of late postoperative percutaneous ablation (37.5%) after surgical intervention ( P P Conclusions Patients undergoing high-intensity focused ultrasound had a high need for postoperative ablation and low freedom from atrial fibrillation. The classic maze procedure had the best results. Left atrial ablation might allow failure from right atrial foci. Matching the technology and lesion set to the patient yields good results and can be applied in 95% of patients. We suggest others obtain late catheter ablation to correct remaining atrial fibrillation, and add to the paucity of late data regarding failure mode.
Oxamide Derived Bimetallic Ferrimagnets

Abstract New oxamide-based bimetallic ferrimagnets have been synthesized and studied. Reaction of oxamide with copper nitrate and Bu4OH in DMSO solution yields the soluble complex (Bu4N)2[Cu(C2H2N202)2]. Subsequent addition of nickel(II), or cobalt(II), perchlorate results in precipitation of the bimetallic materials. Magnetic susceptibility studies of both compounds show minima in the χT products, characteristic of ferrimagnetism. The minimum occurs at 45 K for the nickel-copper complex. The minimum for the cobalt-copper complex is too broad to locate accurately. The moments for both complexes reach constant values below 5 K. The cobalt-copper complex shows hysteresis at 4.2 K with a coercive field of 400 G, and exhibits long relaxation times at low temperatures.
Nuclear data sheets for A = 76*

Abstract Nuclear structure data available through June 1976 are compiled, and adoped level properties are given. The bulk of the data is presented pictorially for easy comparison. Experimental details, references, and additional comments, where required, are given in the text. All drawings, tables, and comments are reproduced from the computerized Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF). Any additions or corrections desired by the users should be addressed to the compilers for maintenance and updating of the computer file.
Come one! Come all!

L'A. relate sa participation aux activites de l'ASIS&T (American Society for Information Science and Technology) des le debut de sa vie professionnelle en tant que bibliothecaire de reference. Son experience illustre l'impact positif que peuvent avoir les associations professionnelles sur une carriere dans le domaine des sciences de l'information.
Natural variation in maize architecture is mediated by allelic differences at the PINOID co‐ortholog barren inflorescence2

*† ‡ SUMMARY We characterized allelic variation at barren inflorescence2 (bif2), a maize co-ortholog of the Arabidopsis PINOID protein kinase (PID), and tested for trait associations with bif2 in both an association mapping population of 277 diverse maize inbreds and in the inter-mated B73 · Mo17 (IBM) linkage population. Results from the quantitative analyses were compared with previous reports of bif2 phenotypes in mutagenesis studies. All three approaches (association, linkage, and mutagenesis) detect a significant effect of bif2 on tassel architecture. Association mapping implicates bif2 in an unexpectedly wide range of traits including plant height, node number, leaf length, and flowering time. Linkage mapping finds a significant interaction effect for node number between bif2 and other loci, in keeping with previous reports that bif2;spi1 and Bif2;Bif1 double mutants produce fewer phytomers. The Mo17 allele is associated with a reduced tassel branch zone and shows lower expression than the B73 allele in hybrid B73–Mo17 F1 inflorescences, consistent with the complete absence of tassel branches in the bif2 knockout mutant. Overall, these data suggest that allelic variation at bif2 affects maize architecture by modulating auxin transport during vegetative and inflorescence development.
Human insulin from recombinant DNA technology

Human insulin produced by recombinant DNA technology is the first commercial health care product derived from this technology. Work on this product was initiated before there were federal guidelines for large-scale recombinant DNA work or commercial development of recombinant DNA products. The steps taken to facilitate acceptance of large-scale work and proof of the identity and safety of such a product are described. While basic studies in recombinant DNA technology will continue to have a profound impact on research in the life sciences, commercial applications may well be controlled by economic conditions and the availability of investment capital.
The alloy undercooling experiment on the Columbia STA 61-C space shuttle mission

An Alloy Undercooling experiment was performed in an electromagnetic levitator during the Columbia STS 61-C mission in January 1986. One eutectic nickel-tin alloy specimen was partially processed before an equipment failure terminated the experiment. Examination of the specimen showed evidence of undercooling and some unusual microstructural features.
Sliding-banyan network performance analysis.

The sliding-banyan (SB) network employs an interleaved multistage shuffle-exchange topology, implemented with a three-dimensional free-space interconnection architecture that connects a multichip backplane to itself. Surface-normal emitters and detectors, which compose the stages’ input-output, are spatially multiplexed within the same chip location, along with electronic control and switching resources. A simple deflection self-routing scheme minimizes internal contention, providing efficient use of switching and interconnection resources. The blocking performance of the SB is quantified through simulations based on realistic nonuniform traffic patterns. Results show that the SB architecture requires significantly fewer resources than other self-routing banyan-based networks. The multistage-switching and interconnection-resource requirements are close to the theoretical minimum for nonblocking networks, and the SB’s distributed self-routing control resources grow only approximately linearly with the number of nodes, providing good scalability.