cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial Effects on Heart Transplantation Candidate Selection and Postoperative Outcomes

Introduction Heart Transplant (HT) remains the most effective therapy for patients with stage D heart failure (HF). Multiple quantitative parameters are used to define medical risk, and while a general consensus exists regarding medical criterial for transplant listing, substantial heterogeneity is present when assessing psychosocial risks. No consensus exists on how to quantitatively assess psychosocial risk or if quantitative risk stratification may better predict adverse events. We hypothesize that a quantitative psychosocial risk profile can be developed for advanced HF patients, and that this model may predict post-HT complications. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients presented to the HT selection committee at the University of Maryland between 2013-2016. Standardized preoperative psychiatric evaluations assigned low, medium, and high risk for: history of psychiatric disorders, adherence to medical therapies, substance abuse history, and strength of support network. Scores were coded using 0 for low, 1 for medium, and 2 for high risk features, then summed to form a cumulative risk score. Two-sample T tests and ANOVA were performed to compare cumulative risk scores to committee decisions and 1-year mortality data including: survival to one year, readmissions, need for hemodialysis, ICU bed, intubation, non-adherence, missed office visits, and tacrolimus trough outside goal. Results A total of 104 patients were studied Committee decisions included: 67 patients accepted, 15 rejected, and 22 deferred for HT, of whom 10 were accepted on representation. Overall 49 patients underwent HT and survived to discharge. Patients accepted on first presentation had an average cumulative risk score of 0.756. Higher risk scores were associated with committee rejection (1.667, p=0.033) and deferment (1.682, p Conclusions Several studies have demonstrated the impact of psychological functioning, medication adherence, and social support on post-HT morbidity and mortality. We developed a score to quantify psychosocial comorbidities which was significantly associated with HT committee decisions. However, there was no association between higher risk scores and 1-year outcomes. Our quantitative assessment of psychosocial risk revealed patients with higher psychosocial comorbidities may be listed for heart transplantation without increased 1-year morbidity and mortality.
Understanding the Impact of Electric Water Heater Control on the Grid

Electric water heaters (EWHs) are common in Vermont and are currently being controlled on a small scale to minimize loads at peak times. This paper presents a framework for understanding how increasing the EWH control in areas like Vermont will impact the grid and the customer’s experience. We report on a a case-study using on two Rutland, VT feeders with two different EWH control strategies, at multiple penetrations of EWH participation. We quantify the rebound, the implications on water temperature and customer satisfaction and, using a co-simulation framework, we also estimate the impact on the feeder voltage. Our results show that, with a large customer participation (75%), we can deduce the peak by as much as 25%, but there are trade-offs between customer satisfaction and the rebound effects on both energy use and voltage.
Resurgence of peripheral nerve stimulation with innovation in device technologies.

Within the last decade, implantation of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) devices has evolved from an open neurosurgical technique to primarily an outpatient procedure. The initial application of PNS involved off-label modification of traditional spinal cord stimulation (SCS) systems.[1][1] However
Pharmacodynamics of Ceftazidime plus Avibactam against KPC-2-Bearing Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Hollow Fiber Infection Model.

Ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ/AVI) combines ceftazidime with a diazabicyclooctane non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor. This has potent inhibitory activity against KPC-type enzymes. We studied activity of clinically relevant regimens of CAZ/AVI against two KPC-2-bearing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates (sequence type 258 recovered sequentially from the same patient) with and without ompK36 mutations in a hollow fiber infection model. The baseline total bacterial burden exceeded 109 CFU. For both isolates, there was early multi-log CFU/ml reductions in the bacterial burden for all regimens. Bacterial subpopulations with reduced susceptibilities to CAZ/AVI were isolated only from the no-treatment control arms. All CAZ/AVI regimens resulted in undetectable colony counts between days 6 and 8. At day 10, the total volume of each CAZ/AVI arm was plated, with no organisms recovered from any regimen, documenting complete eradication. A population model was fit to avibactam concentrations and total colony count outputs. The model fit was acceptable and demonstrated a large kill rate constant (K kill = 6.29 h-1) and a relatively low avibactam concentration at which kill rate was half maximal (C 50 = 2.19 mg/liter), concordant with the observed bacterial burden decline. A threshold analysis identified time > 4 mg/liter of avibactam as the index most closely linked to bacterial burden decline. Given the clinical outcomes seen with KPC-bearing organisms and the toxicities that occur when patients are treated with currently available polymyxins, drugs such as CAZ/AVI should have a prominent place in early therapy.
Monitoring worker fatigue using wearable devices: A case study to detect changes in gait parameters

The goal of this case study is to answer four research questions related to fatigue through features derived from wearable sensors to measure patterns in steps: (1) How do important gait parameters...
Tissue Uptake of Circulating Thrombopoietin Is Increased in Immune-Mediated Compared With Irradiated Thrombocytopenic Mice: Presented in part at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology, December 1996, Orlando, FL, and December 1997, San Diego, CA.

We have previously demonstrated a significant inverse correlation between circulating thrombopoietin (TPO) levels and peripheral platelet (PLT) counts in patients with thrombocytopenia secondary to megakaryocytic hypoplasia but not in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP; Chang et al, Blood 88:3354, 1996). To test the hypothesis that the differences in the circulating TPO levels in these two types of thrombocytopenia are caused by differences in the total capacity of Mpl receptor-mediated TPO clearance, thrombocytopenia was induced in female CD-1 mice either by sublethal irradiation (irradiated) or rabbit antimouse PLT serum (RAMPS) for 1 day (1 d RAMPS) and 5 days (5 d RAMPS). A well-characterized murine model of autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, male (NZW × BXSB) F 1 mice (W/B F 1 ), was also included in this study. All thrombocytopenic mice and their controls received trace amounts of 125 I-recombinant murine TPO ( 125 I-rmTPO) intravenously and were killed 3 hours postinjection. Blood cell-associated radioactivity was significantly decreased in all 4 groups of thrombocytopenic mice. Significantly increased plasma and decreased whole spleen-associated radioactivity was observed in the irradiated group compared with controls ( P P 1 male mice compared with controls, although whole spleen-associated radioactivity was higher in the W/B F 1 male. A significant inverse correlation of plasma and whole spleen-associated radioactivity was demonstrated in W/B F 1 male mice ( r = −.91, n = 6, P P P 125 I-rmTPO uptake capacity within the spleen and marrow of immune thrombocytopenic mice appeared to be associated with a higher megakaryocytic mass when tissue samples were examined by light microscopy. Internalization of 125 I-rmTPO by megakaryocytes and PLTs in the spleens and marrows of ITP mice was also demonstrated directly using electron microscopic autoradiography. Labeled PLTs were also found within splenic macrophages. Additionally, the mean PLT volumes of RAMPS mice were significantly higher than those of the control and irradiated mice ( P 125 I-rmTPO (cpm) per million PLT ( P 125 I-rmTPO degradation products were only found in the plasma of the irradiated mice compared with control animals ( P + cells in the mice with thrombocytopenia secondary to megakaryocytic hypoplasia (irradiated) results in decreased uptake and degradation of TPO and higher circulating TPO levels. Furthermore, these data also suggest that, after a brief TPO surge in response to immune thrombocytopenia (1 d RAMPS), the lack of an inverse correlation of circulating TPO with PLT counts during steady-state immune thrombocytopenic mice (5 d RAMPS + W/B F 1 male) is due, at least in part, to its uptake and degradation by the high PLT turnover and increased mass of megakaryocytes.
Occurrence and Mass Loading of Synthetic Opioids, Synthetic Cathinones, and Synthetic Cannabinoids in Wastewater Treatment Plants in Four U.S. Communities

A few new psychoactive substances (NPS) that mimic the effects of controlled neuropsychiatric and illicit drugs have been forensically identified in the U.S. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) can provide a comprehensive and more cost- and time-effective method of determining the prevalence of NPSs in communities. In this study, an analytical method capable of simultaneous determination of trace-level 40 NPS residues (synthetic opioids, synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic cathinones, piperazines, indole, and amphetamine) in wastewater was developed and validated. The developed analytical method was utilized to determine the occurrence of NPSs in four rural communities in southern Illinois. Nine NPSs (carfentanil, furanyl fentanyl, methoxyacetyl fentanyl, MAB-CHMINACA, methcathinone, 4-methyl pentedrone, 2-methyl-4'-(methylthio)-2-morpholinopropiophenone (MMMP), 1-(3-chlorophenyl) piperazine (mCPP), and 5-(2-Aminopropyl) Indole (5IT) were quantified. Methcathinone was the most frequently detected NPS (detection frequency, df = 100%) followed closely by the MMMP and mCPP (df = 91%). The mass loading of methcathinone, mCPP, and 5-IT using ammoniacal nitrogen-based population were up to 21.1 ± 1.3 mg/d/1000 people, 15.0 ± 0.5 mg/d/1000 people, and 9.75 ± 2.72 mg/d/1000 people, respectively. This is the first study to determine the occurrence of NPSs including synthetic opioids, synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic cathinones, and piperazines in the U.S. communities.
Acute Kidney Injury in Chronic Kidney Disease

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an increasingly common complication of acute illness that strongly associates with increased morbidity and mortality. Growing evidence suggests that AKI is a risk factor for future development and acceleration of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Moreover, CKD patients with the most rapid progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) tend to have nonlinear decline in kidney function due to one or more episodes of AKI. Consequently, targeted risk reduction and preventive strategies may be beneficial for patients with CKD who experience AKI. Even among patients with CKD who do not experience AKI, evaluating for polypharmacy and nephrotoxic medications, optimizing volume status, applying prophylaxis before contrast-related procedures, and preemptively discussing long-term goals of care before hospitalization should occur, particularly among elderly patients with poor functional status. When AKI occurs in a patient with CKD, quickly identifying reversible causes and implementing treatments to rapidly restore kidney function are imperative, as patients with CKD may be more susceptible to developing irreversible tissue damage. Treatment options for established AKI remain supportive (e.g., volume-resuscitation and avoidance of nephrotoxins). However, we recommend early consultation with a nephrologist when a reversible cause is not immediately apparent, particularly for patients in whom injury is progressive and may require renal replacement therapy, or in specialized cases of AKI that may require a rapid tissue diagnosis (e.g., acute glomerulonephritis). Patients who have experienced an episode of persistent or moderate to severe AKI should be seen in follow-up a minimum of 3 months after the event to evaluate for resolution and for new onset or worsening of preexisting CKD.
Natural history of glenoid bone loss in primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis: how does bone loss progress over a decade?

Introduction Progressive glenoid bone loss and humeral head subluxation occur in primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GHOA), but less is known about the rate and pattern by which this occurs. The purpose of this study was to determine how glenohumeral subluxation and glenoid bone loss changed over time in shoulders that underwent arthroplasty and had been evaluated with radiographs at 1 or more time points over the 5-15 years before arthroplasty. Methods We retrospectively identified 48 shoulders that had been evaluated with high-quality radiographs both before arthroplasty and at least once 5-15 years earlier. Axillary radiographs were used to classify glenoid morphology using the modified Walch classification on the oldest, most recent, and all intervening radiographs. The mean interval time between the oldest and most recent radiographs was 8.9 years (range 5-15 years). Nineteen patients had a single intervening radiograph (mean, 6.7 years from most recent radiograph; range 4.4-8.9 years), 6 patients had 2 (mean, 5.6 years; range 0.2-13.9 years), 3 had 3 (mean, 5 years; range 2.4-8.3 years), 2 had 5 (mean, 3.4 years; range 1.1-5.7 years), and 1 had 6 (0.5 years). Results Glenoid morphology on the earliest radiograph was classified as A1 in 22, A2 in 13, B1 in 1, B2 in 9, B3 in 1, and D in 2 shoulders. Walch A patterns identified on early radiographs most commonly maintained an A pattern over time, but 20% developed eccentric wear with 5 of 35 becoming B type and 2 of 35 becoming a D type before arthroplasty. All B-type glenoids remained B type. Classic progression of bone loss along the same concentric or eccentric “track” occurred 41% of the time, with 9 of 22 A1 glenoids becoming A2 glenoids, the only B1 glenoid becoming a B2 glenoid, and 56% (5/9) of B2 glenoids becoming B3 glenoids before arthroplasty. Only 15% (2/13) of A2 glenoids developed eccentric wear compared with 32% (7/22) of A1 glenoids. Conclusion In primary GHOA, humeral head subluxation and glenoid bone loss do progress over time, but not universally and not always through the same pathway. Shoulders presenting with posterior subluxation (B types) remained posteriorly subluxed. Shoulders presenting with concentric arthritis developed an eccentric pattern 20% of the time. For concentric arthritis, progression of bone loss from A1 to A2 occurred 41% of the time. For eccentric arthritis, progression of bone loss from B2 to B3 occurred 56% of the time.
Molecular dynamics simulations of internal stress evolution in ultrathin amorphous carbon films subjected to thermal annealing

Abstract The evolution of internal stress in ultrathin amorphous carbon (a-C) films is a complex physical process that is difficult to experimentally analyze due to the very small film thickness (a few nanometers) and the lack of instruments that can perform spatiotemporal stress measurements at sub-nanometer resolutions. Even more challenging is the elucidation of the correlation between internal stress, film activated, and temperature. Molecular dynamics (MD) provides potent computational capability for tracking structural changes activated by stress and temperature at the atomic level. Consequently, the aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive MD analysis that elucidates the origin of internal stress in sub-2-nm-thick a-C films grown on single-crystal silicon under optimal deposition energy conditions and explore its dependence on prevalent structural features (e.g., hybridization state) and temperature. The physical mechanisms of a-C film growth and stress built-up under deposition conditions of energetic particle bombardment and stress relief due to thermal annealing are interpreted in the context of MD results. Simulations of film growth illuminate the correlation between film stress and energy of incident carbon atoms. A significant stress relief occurs mainly in the bulk layer of the multilayered a-C film structure at a critical annealing temperature, which continues to intensify with the further increase of temperature. Simulations of time-dependent variation of stress through the film thickness reveal that the stress relief is a very fast process that accelerates with the increase of temperature. The results of this study provide insight into the spatial and temporal variation of internal stress in ultrathin a-C films due to structure and temperature effects and the film stress-structure interdependence.
Shared Viewing From Phenomenological Perspectives: English Teachers and Lived Experience as Text

In diesem Beitrag nutzen wir unsere unterschiedlichen phanomenologischen Perspektiven, um eine hermeneutische Methodologie am Beispiel von Englischlehrer*innen zu veranschaulichen, die sich einer kunstbasierten oder asthetischen Padagogik verpflichtet fuhlen. Hierzu gehort die Nutzung von Filmen, Dichtung oder anderen Texten, und wir haben uns in diese Exploration von Methode und Padagogik aus unterschiedlichen philosophischen Blickwinkeln begeben (AHMED 2006; MERLEAU-PONTY 1993 [1964]; VAN MANEN 2018). Was unsere beiden Studien, aus denen wir berichten, verbunden hat, ist die Wertschatzung der Relevanz der Erfahrungen der Lehrer*innen, ihrer Bemuhung um Sinnstiftung und Deutung bei der Vermittlung ihrer jeweiligen Instruktionen an die Lernenden mithilfe von Texten, in denen Alltagserfahrung in einer Vielzahl von Wegen angesprochen wurde.
REDD DEWATERING EFFECTS ON HATCHING AND LARVAL SURVIVAL OF THE ROBUST REDHORSE

Riverine habitats have been altered and fragmented from hydroelectric dams and change spatially and temporally with hydropower flow releases. Hydropeaking flow regimes for electrical power production inundate areas that create temporary suitable habitat for fish that may be rapidly drained. Robust redhorse Moxostoma robustum, an imperiled, rare fish species, uses such temporary habitats to spawn, but when power generation ceases, these areas are dewatered until the next pulse of water is released. We experimentally simulated the effects of dewatering periods on the survival of robust redhorse eggs and larvae in the laboratory. Robust redhorse eggs were placed in gravel in eyeing-hatching jars (three jars per treatment) and subjected to one of four dewatering periods (6, 12, 24 and 48 h), followed by 12 h of inundation for each treatment, and a control treatment was never dewatered. Egg desiccation was observed in some eggs in the 24- and 48-h treatments after one dewatering period. For all treatments except the control, the subsequent dewatering period after eggs hatched was lethal. Larval emergence for the control treatment was observed on day 5 post-hatching and continued until the end of the experiment (day 21). Larval survival was significantly different between the control and all dewatering treatments for individuals in the gravel. These findings support the need for hydropower facilities to set minimum flows to maintain inundation of spawning areas for robust redhorse and other species to reduce dewatering mortality. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elastic-plastic stress concentrations around crack-like notches in continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites

Continuous fiber silicon-carbide/aluminum composite laminates with slits were tested statically to failure. Five different layups were examined: (0) sub 8, (0 sub 2/ + or - 45) sub s, (0/90) sub 2s), (0/ + or - 45/90 sub s), and (+ or - 45) sub 2s. Either a 9.5 or a 19 mm slit was machined in the center of each specimen. The strain distribution ahead of the slit tip was found experimentally with a series of strain gages bonded ahead of the slit tip. A three-dimensional finite element program (PAFAC) was used to predict the strain distribution ahead of the slit tip for several layups. For all layups, except the (0) sub 8, the yielding of the metal matrix caused the fiber stress concentration factor to increase with increasing load. This is contrary to the behavior seen in homogeneous materials where yielding causes the stress concentration to drop. For the (0) sub 8 laminate, yielding of the matrix caused a decrease in the fiber stress concentration. The finite element analysis predicted these trends correctly.
The relationship between cell injury and osmotic volume reduction. III. Freezing injury and frost resistance in winter wheat.

Abstract In order to distinguish between several possible mechanisms of frost hardening in winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cells from two hardy and two tender cultivars were plasmolyzed in CaCl 2 solution at room temperature and cell volumes estimated by microscopic examination. Analyses of Boyle-van't Hoff plots of these data reveal that all cells from cultivars progressively increase their intracellular solute concentration up to 20 days hardening. This increase, which we had predicted from published calorimetric data to be the sole mechanism of hardening explained less than half of the increase in hardening seen in the most hardy cultivar, Kharkov. Hardening also increased the osmotically inactive volume. At CaCl 2 concentrations greater than 5%, plasmolyzed protoplasts departed further from the Boyle-van't Hoff prediction, remaining larger than expected until some higher concentration of CaCl 2 , where protoplast volume again sharply decreased. In all cultivars except hardened Kharkov, the concentration of CaCl 2 producing this abrupt volume decrease had a freezing point corresponding to the killing temperature. If this concentration was exceeded during plasmolysis, then the protoplasts burst during deplasmolysis at some volume less than their original volume. We interpret these data to mean that, in addition to the often described hardening mechanism of increased cell solute and water binding, winter wheat shows a third mechanism, a mechanical resistance to protoplast shrinkage which produces volumes larger than those predicted during osmotic stress. The resisting element appears to be the plasma membrane itself. Shrinkage brings the membrane under compressive stress, developing tangential pressure within it. Cell injury occurs when the cell membrane area has been reduced to the point at which irreversible loss of membrane material is inevitable. Cell death occurs during deplasmolysis when the protoplast bursts because its membrane contains insufficient material to subtend the area of the cell wall. Of the cultivars tested, hardened Kharkov was unique in avoiding injury. Hardened Kharkov was injured only after the volume inflection had been greatly exceeded. Refractile droplets of lipid appeared in the cytoplasm of hardened Kharkov protoplasts during plasmolysis but disappeared during deplasmolysis suggesting that hardy Kharkov was able reversibly to store membrane lipids in cytoplasmic vesicles and return them to the membrane on deplasmolysis.
Discriminative Sentence Compression with Soft Syntactic Evidence

We present a model for sentence compression that uses a discriminative largemargin learning framework coupled with a novel feature set defined on compressed bigrams as well as deep syntactic representations provided by auxiliary dependency and phrase-structure parsers. The parsers are trained out-of-domain and contain a significant amount of noise. We argue that the discriminative nature of the learning algorithm allows the model to learn weights relative to any noise in the feature set to optimize compression accuracy directly. This differs from current state-of-the-art models (Knight and Marcu, 2000) that treat noisy parse trees, for both compressed and uncompressed sentences, as gold standard when calculating model parameters.
Discharge Coefficients for Multi-Hole Fuel Injection Nozzle for Alternate Fuels

The flow of diesel fuel through multi-hole injection nozzles is well understood. There are, however, no comprehensive experimental results for the design of injection nozzles for alternate fuels. A steady state flow generator was designed and employed to analyze the effects of the physical fuel properties and the needle lift on the discharge coefficient for the nozzle orifice. The testing is described in this paper and the experimental results are discussed.
PECULIAR BINARIES AND BORN-AGAIN RED GIANTS AMONG THE NUCLEI OF PLANETARY NEBULAE

In this paper I will report on recent observations (mostly space-based) of several unusual central stars in planetary nebulae. These objects have the potential of illuminating some aspects of the late evolution of low-mass stars, including the formation of close and wide binaries containing white dwarfs, and late thermal pulses that can occur in hot white dwarfs.
Vibrio cholerae H-NS domain structure and function with respect to transcriptional repression of ToxR regulon genes reveals differences among H-NS family members.

Summary H-NS is an abundant bacterial protein involved in transcriptional silencing of a variety of environmentally responsive genes during growth under non-permissive conditions. We have previously demonstrated a direct role for H-NS in the negative modulation of expression of several genes within the ToxR virulence regulon of Vibrio cholerae. Here we have undertaken extensive mutagenesis of the structural and functional domains of the H-NS protein to determine the contribution of each to the regulation of gene expression. Insertions within, or truncations of, the C-terminal conserved DNA-binding domain prevent repression of toxT and ctx, as expected. Dominant negative experiments demonstrate that V. cholerae H-NS represses gene expression as an oligomeric protein. Hydrophobic coiled–coil interactions have been shown to provide oligomerization capability in other H-NS orthologues. We used site-directed mutagenesis to construct altered V. cholerae H-NS proteins, including an extensive internal deletion within the predicted coiled–coil domain. Remarkably, these proteins were competent to repress gene expression and to form oligomers. Chimeric H-NS proteins, using sequences from both Escherichia coli and V. cholerae H-NS orthologues, revealed that V. cholerae H-NS possesses a second oligomerization domain in the N-terminal 24 amino acids of the protein. Overall, our results suggest DNA binding and protein oligomerization, provided by either the central coiled–coil or N-terminal domain, are required for repression of promoters responsive to H-NS within the ToxR regulon.
Dietary polyunsaturated fat modifies low-density lipoproteins and reduces atherosclerosis of nonhuman primates with high and low diet responsiveness

We tested the hypothesis that an increased content of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (principally linoleic acid) in an atherogenic diet of nonhuman primates would decrease atherosclerosis by modifying the composition and decreasing the concentration of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL). A species readily susceptible to diet-induced atherosclerosis (cynomolgus monkey) was compared with a less-susceptible species (African green monkey) with dietary cholesterol concentration and saturated or polyunsaturated fat (40% of energy) as variables. In both species, cholesterol concentrations in whole plasma, LDL, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were 20-30% lower when polyunsaturated fat was fed, whereas dietary cholesterol increased LDL cholesterol three- to fourfold. LDL was enriched in cholesteryl oleate when saturated fat and cholesterol were fed. Dietary linoleic acid prevented cholesteryl oleate enrichment and promoted cholesteryl linoleate accumulation in LDL. At the same plasma cholesterol concentration, cynomolgus monkeys had higher LDL cholesterol and lower HDL-cholesterol concentrations than did African green monkeys. LDL particle size was significantly (P < 0.001) larger in the group of cynomolgus monkeys fed polyunsaturated fat but tended to be smaller in African green monkeys fed polyunsaturated fat. Dietary polyunsaturated fat protected against coronary artery atherosclerosis in both species. Thus, LDL particle size, per se, was not atherogenic; instead, coronary artery atherosclerosis and cholesteryl oleate enrichment of LDL were more highly correlated. This outcome suggests that information about LDL composition may be more important for understanding the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis than previously suspected.
The Impact of Clinical Empathy on Patients and Clinicians: Understanding Empathy's Side Effects

The benefits of clinical empathy in medical practice abound. They include improved patient satisfaction and adherence to treatment recommendations, more accurate diagnoses, reduced distress (Neuman...
Large-scale simulation of Eukaryotic cell signaling processes

Summary form only given. A database of rate constants and related quantities has been assembled by Schoeberl et al. for intracellular signaling downstream of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This information was combined with data on metalloprotease activation to build a model of autocrine signal transduction by cancer cells exposed to ionizing radiation. The model predicts prompt activation of mitogen-activated-protein-kinase (MAPK) pathways in response to a radiation-induced shift in the RasGDP /spl harr/ RasGTP equilibrium toward more RasGTP. A secondary MAPK activation is predicted due to metalloprotease activity that releases transforming growth factor alpha (TGF/spl alpha/), an autocrine ligand of EGFR. Model predictions were compared to data by Dent et al. on extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) activation following a 2 Gy exposure of carcinoma cells in vitro. Good agreement was obtained with the magnitude of prompt and secondary ERK activation; however, the experimental secondary response was delayed relative the prompt peak more than predicted by our model. A mechanistic understanding of radiation-induced growth factors is needed to improve treatment of cancer by radiation therapy. Inhibitors of the signaling pathways modeled in this study may reduce a potentially self-limiting aspect of radiation therapy whereby induced growth factors accelerate repopulation of treated tumor volumes.
Mechanical Characterization of the Immersion Corp. Haptic, Bimanual, Surgical Simulator Interface

In this paper the design of a bimanual haptic interface device for simulation of minimally invasive surgical procedures is described. Each of the two handles has five haptic degrees of freedom. The workspace of the device was designed to accommodate the working volumes required by a set of common minimally invasive abdominal surgical procedures. Preliminary measurements of the electromechanical performance of the device are also presented.
Multi-Channel Multi-Variate Equalizer Design

The polarimetric calibration of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery requires the equalization of a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) distortion system. For wide-band, wide-angle SAR systems, the distortion is frequency and angle dependent and can be accurately modelled as a two-dimensional finite impulse response (FIR) filter bank. This paper presents a design algorithm, using a Grobner basis, to compute a FIR filter bank that exactly inverts the multi-channel distortion. The results presented for polynomial inversion of MIMO FIR systems hold for sampled data signals of arbitrary dimension.
Hematological changes in Down's syndrome.

The many hematological abnormalities observed in patients with Down's syndrome have intrigued hematologists for many years. This review summarizes recent studies concerning the hematological findings in newborn infants with Down's syndrome; the transient leukemold/leukemia-like proliferative disorders in these infants; the increased incidence of leukemia and types of leukemia in patients with Down's syndrome; and immunological studies of these patients.
METAL ISOTOPE EFFECT ON METAL-LIGAND VIBRATIONS: V. CIS AND TRANS Ni(II) PHOSPHINE-HALIDE COMPLEXES

Abstract Infrared spectra (4000–200 cm−1) have been reported for Ni(DPE)X2 where X is Cl, Br and I and DPE is 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane. The Ni[sbnd]X and Ni[sbnd]P stretching bands have been assigned based on the observed isotopic shifts due to the 58Ni-62Ni substitution. The Ni[sbnd]X stretching frequencies are always lower and the Ni[sbnd]P stretching frequencies are always higher in the cis-complexes such as Ni(DPE)X2 than in the corresponding trans-complexes such as Ni(PEt3)2X2. These differences between cis and trans configurations have been attributed to the strong trans-effect of phosphine ligands.
Monotonicity and robustness of majority rule

Abstract I show that the majority rule is not “superior” to other rules if independence of irrelevant alternatives is replaced with monotonicity in the Dasgupta and Maskin (2008a) framework. In addition, I introduce a diversity requirement for preferences that restores the superiority of the majority rule in case of monotonicity.
Strontium and Geolocation, the Pathway to Identification for Deceased Undocumented Mexican Border‐Crossers: A Preliminary Report*

Abstract: Much of the difficulty associated with identifying and repatriating deceased undocumented border-crossers stems from an inability to narrow down the search area to more probable options. Analysis of the isotopic variation in the tooth enamel of modern Mexican populations is currently underway at the University of California Santa Cruz. Using Thermo Ionization Mass Spectrometry, the pilot research analyzed strontium isotopes located in the donated permanent teeth of Mexican-born individuals of known origin from four states. The preliminary results reveal the formation of three distinctly significant regions in the data set. Using the technology outlined here, a map documenting the isotopic variation in modern Mexican tooth enamel is being complied to use for cross comparison with deceased border crossers of unknown origin.
Compressibility trends of the clinopyroxenes, and in-situ high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of jadeite

The crystal structure of a natural jadeite, NaAlSi2O6, was studied at room temperature over the pressure range 0–9.17 GPa using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Unit-cell data were determined at 16 pressures, and intensity data were collected at nine of these pressures. A third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state fit to the P-V data yielded V = 402.03(2) A3, K = 136.5(14) GPa, and K ′ = 3.4(4) Jadeite exhibits strongly anisotropic compression with unit strain axial ratios of 1.00:1.63:2.10. Silicate chains become more O-rotated with pressure, reducing ∠O3-O3-O3 from 174.7(1)° at ambient pressure to 169.2(6)° at 9.17 GPa and bringing the anions of jadeite closer to a cubic closest-packed arrangement. No evidence of a phase transition was observed over the studied pressure range. In an effort to understand pyroxene compressibilities, selected clinopyroxene bulk moduli were plotted against ambient unit-cell volumes. Two trends were identified and are explained in terms of differences in M2-O3 bonding topologies and the geometric relationship of the bonds with tetrahedral rotation in the silicate chains. Bonds positioned to favor the tetrahedral rotation upon compression are termed “sympathetic,” whereas bonds positioned to resist the rotation are termed “antipathetic.” Examination of the different pyroxene structures indicates that structures containing antipathetic M2-O3 bonds are less compressible than those with only sympathetic M2-O3 bonds. This behavior has not been previously recognized.
Incentives: A comparative perspective

Three theoretical problems occupied a central place in the discussion of the incentive problem at the conference: (1) The problem of designing incentive schemes that will induce agents to internalize the effects of their input-output decisions on other agents’ performances. Incentive schemes that reward each agent solely on the basis of his performance, where several agents compete for a limited pool of centrally rationed resources, and where the planner parcels out these resources on the basis of production-function information received from the agents, are incompatible with the planner’s goal of maximizing the expected value of the sum of the agents’ outputs or profits. This incompatibility, as analyzed by Theodore Groves and others, can only be resolved by including the sum of the expected outcomes of the other n 1 agents’ actions-their expected profits or outputs-in each of the n agents’ bonus functions. (2) The problem of designing incentive schemes that will elicit the true capabilities of agents by allowing them to choose their own targets, subject to certain parameters set by the principal or center. (The Bonin-Marcus paper models the agent’s target-setting decision where he must choose ex ante his optimal level of effort in a stochastic environment and then, in a second stage, adjusts his effort for a given target once the state of the environment has been revealed.) (3) The problem of inducing an agent to choose among uncertain prospects so as to maximize the value of the principal’s expected benefit function (or of “society’s” expected benefit), where the agent’s attitude toward risk differs from the principal’s (or from society’s). (In Bergson’s formulation (1978), the agent is risk-averse and the benefits to society are maximized only when he chooses among prospects as if he were risk-neutral.) Two subproblems, discussed respectively by Bergson (1978) and by James, Neuberger, and Willis (forthcoming in this Journal), are (a) the equity effects of bonuses large enough to compensate the risk-averse agent for the adverse career effects of possible unfavorable outcomes and (b) the impact on the supply of managers of various incentive bonus schemes that the principal might use to induce them to choose correctly among uncertain
Field workers records and a microcomputer: monitoring child health in Nepal.

A district-level project for monitoring uptake of family planning child health and immunization services was started in Sindhupalchok Nepal in 1983. The project entailed setting up skill-based in-service training for health workers and their supervisors and organizing a collection of data from fieldworkers routine reports at quarterly intervals after training. A microcomputer and dBase II software were used to analyze the data producing reports for different management purposes. Data from each fieldworker area were aggregated and then analyzed with respect to the number of occasions on which households were contacted successfully. Despite geographical variations in the availability of immunization facilities the uptake of immunization was rapid in all areas covered. Family planning services were universally available in the project area. However the increase in the % of couples practicing family planning was more gradual. These results support the linkage between visible improvements in child health services (including home visiting) and uptake of family planning. Data on morbidity and nutritional status showed no overall improvements among any regularly-visited children within the 1st 2 years of the project. Although the training provided in the project was effective and the information system was felt to be appropriate and useful the quality of supervision of fieldworkers in the government Mother and Child/Family Planning Division was not adequate to ensure follow-up and reporting in areas remote from the district center. However the information yielded through the project does reveal the potential benefits of home visiting services for childrens health in Nepal. The information also permits the setting of targets for achievements by fieldworkers responsible for promoting child health in the hills of Nepal. (authors)
Support for career development in youth: Program models and evaluations

This article examines four influential programs-Citizen Schools, After School Matters, career academies, and Job Corps-to demonstrate the diversity of approaches to career programming for youth. It compares the specific program models and draws from the evaluation literature to discuss strengths and weaknesses of each. The article highlights three key lessons derived from the models that have implications for career development initiatives more generally: (1) career programming can and should be designed for youth across a broad age range, (2) career programming does not have to come at the expense of academic training or preparation for college, and (3) program effectiveness depends on intentional design and high-quality implementation.
Ion pair imaging spectroscopy: CH3Cl→CH3++Cl−

Abstract Application of the imaging technique to study the photodissociation of molecules to ion pair products can be a powerful means of probing ion energetics and spectroscopy. This approach, analogous to photoelectron spectroscopy, has the advantage that it may be applied to systems for which stable neutral precursors may not exist. In this Letter we describe the technique and show the first demonstration of the method: CH3Cl→CH3++Cl−. The results provide insight into the vibrational frequencies of the methyl cation and the ion pair dissociation dynamics of methyl chloride, and illustrate the advantages of the method.
Woringer-Kolopp Disease (Localized Pagetoid Reticulosis) or Unilesional Mycosis Fungoides?: An Analysis of Eight Cases With Benign Disease

Background: The controversial nosology of Woringer-Kolopp disease (localized pagetoid reticulosis, unilesional mycosis fungoides) is being clarified by the systematic immunophenotypic and immunogenetic examination of infiltrating lesional T lymphocytes. The clinical course and immunohistochemical characteristics of eight cases of Woringer-Kolopp disease are described. Observations: Lesions measured 0.8×0.5 to 16.0×15.0 cm. Histologically, all cases resembled mycosis fungoides— type cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and phenotypic analysis supported their designation as an epidermotropic T-cell process. Phenotypic aberrancy was not noted on immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded tissue. Three of four patients with available fresh-frozen tissue specimens demonstrated reduced or absent expression of CD7 (Leu-9) and/or Leu-8, while loss of the pan— T-cell markers CD2, CD3, and CD5 was not observed. Only in half these patients was a lesional predominance of CD4 + T-cells revealed. Germline DNA was detected in a lesional skin specimen obtained from one patient tested for T-cell receptor gene rearrangements. After treatment, the observation of disease-free periods ranging from 18 months to 17 years (mean, 5.9 years) reinforces the view that Woringer-Kolopp disease is a focal pathologic event with a favorable prognosis. No patient experienced a local recurrence or distant spread of the disease. Conclusion: This and previous studies suggest that Woringer-Kolopp disease is a unique, benign unilesional T-cell lymphoproliferative process with certain histologic and phenotypic similarities to both early epidermotropic mycosis fungoides—type cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and other T-cell lymphoproliferations. (Arch Dermatol. 1995;131:325-329)
Effect of mortality reductions on economic growth in the United States, 1940–1975

Abstract A decline in mortality enlarges population, employment and hence total production of the economy. It also raises capital accumulation indirectly because greater population, employment and production bring about greater demand for capital goods and larger volume of savings. The additional capital stock accumulated further promotes future growth. In previous studies, the effect of mortality reductions on population and labor force has only been partially estimated and the effect through capital accumulation goes totally unrecognized. This study applies a population-projection model and an aggregate econometric model to investigate more completely the effect of mortality reductions since 1940 on economic variables in the U.S. in 1975. The population-projection model is used to estimate what the population in 1975 would have been if the death rates in 1940 had not been reduced thereafter. The difference between the actual population and the estimated population represents the effect of the decline in mortality on population. To estimate the growth effect of the resultant increase in population, an aggregate econometric model is used to simulate the economy. It is found that mortality reductions since 1940 raised the population in 1975 by 8.3% (17.7 million persons) and the employment by 6.23% (5.40 million). About 8.3% ($100.27 billion at 1972 prices) of GNP in 1975 was attributable to the declines in the death rates. Of the $100.27 billion increase in GNP in 1975, 62.2% was due to the increase in employment and the other 37.8% was thanks to the rise in capital stock. Per capita GNP in 1975, however, would have been about the same even without the decline in the death rates. This study demonstrates the importance of adopting a general-equilibrium approach and using per capita output as a criterion for the evaluation of the economic contribution of mortality reductions.
Genetic background and lymphocyte populations after total-body exposure to iron ion radiation.

Purpose: Particle radiations could significantly impact astronaut health during space missions. This study quantified the effects of iron ion radiation on lymphocytes in two strains of mice differing in susceptibility to radiation-induced acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and thymic lymphoma (TL): C57BL/6 (AML resistant, TL sensitive) and CBA/Ca (AML sensitive, TL resistant).Materials and methods: The animals (n = 60/strain) were irradiated with 56Fe26+ (1 GeV) to total doses of 0, 0.5, 2 and 3 Gray (Gy) at an average dose rate of 1 Gy/min and euthanised on days 4 and 30 thereafter; blood, spleen, and bone marrow were collected for flow cytometry analyses. Cells expressing the following molecules were quantified: Cluster of differentiation (CD) 4, CD8, CD25, CD34, CD71, B220 (isoform of CD45 on B cells), NK1.1 (marker on natural killer or NK cells, C57B mice), panNK (marker on NK cells, CBA mice), and Sca1 (stem cell antigen 1).Results: Exposure to radiation resulted in different distribution patterns in lymph...
Diurnal Variations in the Landfall Times of Tropical Cyclones over the Eastern United States

Abstract Best track tropical cyclone data are examined for the period 1950–96 to estimate the landfall times of all tropical storms and hurricanes over the coastal margins of the eastern United States. The analysis reveals a marked diurnal pattern with tropical cyclones making landfall more frequently during the evening and midmorning hours. Lulls in cyclone landfall are identified during the afternoon and early in the morning. Weak hurricanes display the strongest diurnal cycle of landfall. Category 3 and stronger hurricanes display little diurnal variation in landfall time. An examination of the diurnal pattern of cyclone passages within 300 km of the coast reveals that the pattern is most coherent and displays the greatest statistical significance at the coastline (i.e., points of cyclone landfall).