cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays, 2

A brief description is provided of the basic principles of and the techniques which are used for describing the behavior of galactic cosmic rays in the solar wind. Several numerical examples which illustrate features of the cosmic-ray behavior are presented.
Lateral wave propagation in a wedge shaped region

Lateral wave propagation in a wedge shaped region is examined. The geometry consists of two media, the lower one of which is bounded from below by a conducting plate. The plate intersects the interface between the two media from below at an oblique angle. The transmitting antenna is an infinite, time harmonic, electric line source located close to the interface between the two media, and oriented to make the problem two dimensional. The wavenumber of the upper medium has a magnitude which is much greater than that of the lower medium. The lateral wave travels downward from the source into the second medium, along the interface, and back up to the point of observation in the first medium. The problem cannot be easily solved in closed form as the boundary conditions at the interface do not permit solution by separation of variables techniques. An approximate analytical method is therefore used in which the two media are separated from one another at each step of an iterative procedure using impedance boundary conditions. The simpler single medium problems which result are more amenable to analysis. The lateral wave field is expressed either as a modal series or image series depending on the angle the plate makes with the interface and on the location of the source and receiver. The decay of the wave in the direction parallel to the interface is shown to be algebraic, even in the presence of the plate. The results are valid subject to the restrictions that the source and receiver are close to the interface and are not too close to each other or the edge of the plate. There will be other waves present which are not considered in this paper if the upper region is not conducting, although the expression for the lateral wave remains valid.
Fully optimized second-order variational estimates for the macroscopic response and field statistics in viscoplastic crystalline composites

A variational method is developed to estimate the macroscopic constitutive response of composite materials consisting of aggregates of viscoplastic single-crystal grains and other inhomogeneities. ...
Measurements of the static polarizability of the 8 s 2 S 1 / 2 state of atomic cesium

We present improved measurements of the static polarizability of the $8s {}^{2}{S}_{1/2}$ state of atomic cesium. Measured separately on two hyperfine components of the $6s {}^{2}{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}8s {}^{2}{S}_{1/2}$ transition, we determine an average polarizability of ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{8s}=9.490\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.012 \mathrm{MHz}\mathrm{ }(\mathrm{kV}/\mathrm{cm}{)}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, and a difference of only $\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{8s}=0.014\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.016 \mathrm{MHz}\mathrm{ }(\mathrm{kV}/\mathrm{cm}{)}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{8s}$ is consistent with, but of higher precision ($l0.15%$) than, the previous measurement and theory. The difference $\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{8s}$ is smaller than our previous determination, and within 1 $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ of zero. Our new technique is insensitive to the frequency calibration of the laser.
ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CHANGES IN AN ALASKA CRAB FISHERY FROM OCEAN ACIDIFICATION

A dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model is linked to a bioeconomic model for the Bristol Bay red king crab (BBRKC) fishery to analyze regional economic impacts of ocean acidification (OA)-induced changes in fishery yields. Yield projections based on two alternative forms (linear versus nonlinear) of OA effects on the survival of juvenile BBRKC are compared to a baseline without OA effects. Results demonstrate considerable uncertainty in yields, and show that economic impacts are sensitive to the form of OA effects, and to changes in the world price of BBRKC (Q22, Q54, Q57, R13).
Serum properdin levels in hemorrhagic shock.

Summary and ConclusionsProperdin levels in the serum of dogs in hemorrhagic shock fall early and progressively. This may be of major importance in the collapse of resistance to bacterial infection which occurs in hemorrhagic shock.
CO2-Selective Membranes Containing Sterically Hindered Amines for CO2/H2 Separation

This work exploited amine steric hindrance effect to developing next-generation CO2-selective facilitated transport membranes for H2 purification for fuel cells. The new membrane was synthesized by incorporating moderately hindered poly-N-isopropylallylamine as a fixed-site carrier along with mobile carriers into cross-linked polyvinylalcohol-poly(siloxane) network. The new membrane exhibited high CO2 permeability of greater than 6500 Barrers, CO2/H2 selectivity of more than 300, and CO2/N2 selectivity of at least 650 at 110 °C and a feed pressure of 2 atm. Better membrane separation results were achieved as the sweep-side water content was increased. The membrane also showed good stability of at least 430 h at 110 °C and 2 atm. The membrane performance reduced as temperature was increased from 107 to 180 °C as a result of the reduction of water retention ability of the membrane; however, it still held a good CO2/H2 selectivity of about 34 at 180 °C.
Accuracy of the Yamax CW-701 Pedometer for measuring steps in controlled and free-living conditions.

ObjectiveThe Yamax Digi-Walker CW-701 (Yamax CW-701) is a low-cost pedometer that includes a 7-day memory, a 2-week cumulative memory, and automatically resets to zero at midnight. To date, the accuracy of the Yamax CW-701 has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of steps recorded by the Yamax CW-701 pedometer compared with actual steps and two other devices.MethodsThe study was conducted in a campus-based lab and in free-living settings with 22 students, faculty, and staff at a mid-sized university in the Southeastern US. While wearing a Yamax CW-701, Yamax Digi-Walker SW-200, and an ActiGraph GTX3 accelerometer, participants engaged in activities at variable speeds and conditions. To assess accuracy of each device, steps recorded were compared with actual step counts. Statistical tests included paired sample t-tests, percent accuracy, intraclass correlation coefficient, and Bland–Altman plots.ResultsThe Yamax CW-701 demonstrated reliability and concurrent validity du...
Quantum Computing since Democritus: Gödel, Turing, and friends

In the last chapter, we talked about the rules for first-order logic. There's an amazing result called Godel's Completeness Theorem that says that these rules are all you ever need. In other words: if, starting from some set of axioms, you can't derive a contradiction using these rules, then the axioms must have a model (i.e., they must be consistent). Conversely, if the axioms are inconsistent, then the inconsistency can be proved using these rules alone. Think about what that means. It means that Fermat's Last Theorem, the Poincare Conjecture, or any other mathematical achievement you care to name can be proved by starting from the axioms for set theory, and then applying these piddling little rules over and over again. Probably 300 million times, but still... How does Godel prove the Completeness Theorem? The proof has been described as “extracting semantics from syntax.” We simply cook up objects to order as the axioms request them! And if we ever run into an inconsistency, that can only be because there was an inconsistency in the original axioms. One immediate consequence of the Completeness Theorem is the Lowenheim–Skolem Theorem : every consistent set of axioms has a model of at most countable cardinality. (Note: One of the best predictors of success in mathematical logic is having an umlaut in your name.) Why? Because the process of cooking up objects to order as the axioms request them can only go on for a countably infinite number of steps!
Smith Appeals to Union Organizations

DEMOCRATIC PARTY LEADERS hoped mightily that under the leadership of Alfred E. Smith the “labor vote” might be brought into the fold en masse in 1928. “We are going to do everything short of breaking our necks to elect A1 Smith,” said one leader.1 A Labor Committee was formally created under the leadership of Major George L. Berry in late July, and by early September it was expanding rapidly.2 Berry announced on behalf of the committee that the Democratic Party was fortunate in its candidates, since it was a time when capital and labor could join hands upon the political field. He saw in both Smith and Robinson “business capacities”; yet both had “proved their friendship for organized labor.” As a partisan-type in a partisan job, Berry proclaimed, “It is my judgment that the workers of America, organized or unorganized, will enter into the campaign enthusiastically and will give the ticket the strongest support ever registered in the national campaign.”3
Effects of initial nonlinear strains and nonlinear elastic constants in force-frequency and acceleration sensitivity of quartz resonators

The acceleration sensitivity and its related problem of force-frequency in quartz resonators were studied. We studied the effects of initial nonlinear strains versus the effects of nonlinear elastic constants on the force-frequency problem of quartz resonators subjected to bending forces. We found that for quartz thickness shear resonators subjected to bending, the force frequency effect could be described primarily by the effects of nonlinear elastic constants with negligible effects from initial nonlinear strains. Since the acceleration sensitivity of quartz resonators is due mainly to bending forces, we proposed a set of simplified equations for these problems which were easier to implement in commercial finite element software.
Desmopressin and Imipramine-Induced Convulsion

A 10 year old boy with enuresis was admitted in coma to the Dumfries Royal Infirmary, Scotland.
Banality in Vision: Cinema and Mass Dictatorship

When Veit Harlan’s Der Herrscher (The Ruler) (1937) and Hans Steinhoff’s Ohm Kruger (Uncle Kruger) (1941), the two notorious Nazi films that had been prohibited after the Second World War, were shown restrictively in Seoul in 2008, under the strict guidance of the German government, many Korean film historians expressed their impressions with one voice that the films looked considerably similar to some South Korean films from the 1960s and the 1970s. They did not fail to mention that the points of similarity were, in fact, banal and exoteric while they had eagerly looked forward to watching something lurid and staggering made by the notorious propaganda machine. Though such perceptions were not based on scholarly analysis, they allow one to presume that there had been certain characteristics shared between the German cinema in the Third Reich and the South Korean cinema during the Park Chung-Hee regime. The “banality” of the two Nazi films is reminiscent of Hannah Arendt’s renowned concept (1963). However, apart from merely demonizing the Nazi cinema as “evil,” it also raises the question of what the cinematic representations share in common as a tool of domination.
Renewable Energy Options and Considerations for Net Zero Installations

This chapter focuses on renewable energy options for military installations. It discusses typical renewable technologies, project development, and gives examples. Renewable energy can be combined with conventional energy sources to provide part or all of the energy demand at an installation. The appropriate technology mix for an installation will depend on site-specific factors such as renewable resources, energy costs, local energy policies and incentives, available land, mission compatibility, and other factors. The objective of this chapter is to provide basic background information and resources on renewable energy options for NATO leaders and energy personnel.
Selective spatial mode excitation and amplification in Ho:YAG single crystal fiber

Different spatial modes, LP 01 and LP21, were successfully excited and amplified in a 0.5% Ho:YAG single crystal fiber (SCF) amplifier fabricated by the laser heated pedestal growth (LHPG) method at 2 μm.
The seed ecology of Aegilops triuncialis: linking trait variation to growing conditions

Adaptive plastic responses in invasive species allow for establishment and persistence despite the lack of genetic matching to new environments. The capacity of annual species to invade habitats to which they are not adapted is likely to be predicated on post-invasion seed trait variation correlated with conditions in the new habitat. To test this, I compared variation in seed traits and germination patterns of Aegilops triuncialis, an invasive annual grass, from 69 sample populations from 24 sites in California (USA) across 13 years. Seed mass, germination fractions, seed viability, and strength of induced dormancy between dimorphic seed pairs were used to investigate plastic variation within and among populations, across two general soil types, and among two widespread maternal genotypes. I found that seed mass variation was constrained although both seed types showed a 3-fold range among populations, 20–25% variation within populations between years, and was positively correlated with longer growing seasons. However, induced seed dormancy in the small seed type was correlated with large seed mass and to late-season precipitation, suggesting that longer growing seasons influence the strength of maternal and sibling chemical signals that induce dormancy in the small seeds. Thus variation in small seed germination fractions varies with the growing conditions experienced by the maternal plant. The greater longevity of the small seed type suggests that plasticity in germination in this species may contribute to seed bank formation, which is atypical of invasive annual grasses in California, and this may contribute to the persistence and spread of A. triuncialis in invaded ranges.
Colorectal Cancer in Women

Cancers arising in the colon or rectum share many etiological factors, although there are some differences. In this chapter, we use ‘CRC’ (Colorectal Cancer) to refer to both. CRC risk is affected by lifestyle, including obesity, physical inactivity, diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption, while a strong genetic predisposition accounts for only a small proportion of cases. The age-standardized CRC incidence rate for women is lower than for men, yet it is the third most common cancer in both women and men and the number of new cases annually is similar. In this chapter, we describe the descriptive and analytic epidemiology, the clinical characteristics and the prevention of colorectal adenocarcinoma and adenoma, the precursor for CRC, in women.
Electrical stimulation of gut motility guided by an in silico model.

Objective Neuromodulation of the central and peripheral nervous systems is becoming increasingly important for treating a diverse set of diseases-ranging from Parkinson's Disease and epilepsy to chronic pain. However, neuromodulation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract has achieved relatively limited success in treating functional GI disorders, which affect a significant population, because the effects of stimulation on the enteric nervous system (ENS) and gut motility are not well understood. Here we develop an integrated neuromechanical model of the ENS and assess neurostimulation strategies for enhancing gut motility, validated by in vivo experiments. Approach The computational model included a network of enteric neurons, smooth muscle fibers, and interstitial cells of Cajal, which regulated propulsion of a virtual pellet in a model of gut motility. Main results Simulated extracellular stimulation of ENS-mediated motility revealed that sinusoidal current at 0.5 Hz was more effective at increasing intrinsic peristalsis and reducing colon transit time than conventional higher frequency rectangular current pulses, as commonly used for neuromodulation therapy. Further analysis of the model revealed that the 0.5 Hz sinusoidal currents were more effective at modulating the pacemaker frequency of interstitial cells of Cajal. To test the predictions of the model, we conducted in vivo electrical stimulation of the distal colon while measuring bead propulsion in awake rats. Experimental results confirmed that 0.5 Hz sinusoidal currents were more effective than higher frequency pulses at enhancing gut motility. Significance This work demonstrates an in silico GI neuromuscular model to enable GI neuromodulation parameter optimization and suggests that low frequency sinusoidal currents may improve the efficacy of GI pacing.
Bridging medicine and biomedical technology: enhance translation of fundamental research to patient care

The ‘Bridging medicine and biomedical technology’ special all-congress session took place for the first time at the OSA Biophotonics Congress: Optics in Life Sciences in 2017 (http://www.osa.org/enus/meetings/osa_meetings/optics_in_the_life_sciences/bridging_medicine_and_biomedical_technology_specia/). The purpose was to identify key challenges the biomedical scientists in academia have to overcome to translate their discoveries into clinical practice through robust collaborations with industry and discuss best practices to facilitate and accelerate the process. Our paper is intended to complement the session by providing a deeper insight into the concept behind the structure and the content we developed.
Vasa Previa: Prenatal Diagnosis and Outcomes: Thirty-five Cases From a Single Maternal-Fetal Medicine Practice.

Objectives To assess the accuracy and effectiveness of routine screening for vasa previa, to describe our experience, and to assess factors that contribute to missed cases of vasa previa. Methods A retrospective descriptive study of all cases of vasa previa from a single maternal-fetal medicine service between 2009 and 2017 was performed. Ultrasound findings and obstetric and neonatal outcomes were reviewed and analyzed. Results Thirty-five cases of vasa previa were identified. Most cases (33 of 35 [94.3%]) were diagnosed antenatally. All 33 cases that followed our screening protocol were diagnosed antenatally and had favorable outcomes. Two cases that did not follow our protocol were not diagnosed antenatally and were delivered emergently. The mean gestational age ± SD at delivery of antenatally diagnosed cases was 34.9 ± 1.69 weeks. All neonates survived. Conclusions Routine ultrasound screening for vasa previa using American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine criteria will almost universally lead to good outcomes and prevent perinatal mortality.
Cool or Uncool? Using Associative Groups to Promote Healthy Eating to Young Consumers: An Abstract

Social marketing campaigns focusing on positively influencing health-related behaviors face challenges relating to conflicts between short-run costs/benefits and long-run costs/benefits.
Highly Surface-Active Ca(OH)2 Monolayer as a CO2 Capture Material.

Greenhouse gas emissions originating from fossil fuel combustion contribute significantly to global warming, and therefore the design of novel materials that efficiently capture CO2 can play a crucial role in solving this challenge. Here, we show that reducing the dimensionality of bulk crystalline portlandite results in a stable monolayer material, named portlandene, that is highly effective at capturing CO2. On the basis of theoretical analysis comprised of ab initio quantum mechanical calculations and force-field molecular dynamics simulations, we show that this single-layer phase is robust and maintains its stability even at high temperatures. The chemical activity of portlandene is seen to further increase upon defect engineering of its surface using vacancy sites. Defect-containing portlandene is capable of separating CO and CO2 from a syngas (CO/CO2/H2) stream, yet is inert to water vapor. This selective behavior and the associated mechanisms have been elucidated by examining the electronic structu...
How Should Clinicians Weigh the Benefits and Harms of Discussing Politicized Topics that Influence Their Individual Patients' Health?

The adverse health effects of climate change should be the focus of physician advocacy efforts and of conversations between physicians and their patients.
Hypothesis: myelodysplastic syndromes may have a viral etiology

An 'initial transforming event(s)' in a pluripotential bone marrow (BM) stem cell confers a growth advantage upon it leading to clonal expansion accompanied by dysplastic maturation resulting in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The nature of this 'initial' event in MDS is obscure. We propose that MDS can begin as a viral disease. It may be a dormant lentivirus which is made oncogenic by 'promoting events' such as immunosuppression, or a second viral infection. The infected cell may not be a BM stem cell, but a cell belonging to the BM stroma or to the immune system. Dysregulated cytokine production as a consequence of the infection can change the BM microenvironment in such a way that optimal growth support is provided only to a rapidly proliferating stem cell. Karyotypically marked (or unmarked) abnormal stem cells may exist or arise frequently but do not thrive in a 'normal' cytokine milieu. However, with the changed BM landscape, these abnormal clones may enjoy a growth advantage leading to a monoclonal hypercellular BM and variable cytopenias. Circumstantial evidence to support the possibility that the initial transforming event in MDS is a viral insult is presented in this hypothesis paper.
FORMATION OF METALLIC AND METALLIC-GLASS HOLLOW SPHERES AND THEIR SOLIDIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS*

Various metals and metallic glass systems have bene processed into hollow spheres with sizes ranging from 3 mm to 440 microns in diameter. The technique for the formation of the large hollow spheres, in general, is based on the fluid-dynamic instability of a hollow annular jet. A refined technique has also been developed for microshell formation, in which discrete bubbles are injected into the stream of the molten material and individually 'flushed' out at a frequency related to the Rayleigh jet instability. The surfaces of those spheres of all sizes exhibit a range of contrasting solidification behaviors and characteristics. Metal shells of varying materials, sizes, aspect ratios, sphericity and concentricity have many useful and novel applications.
Nonlinear auditory models yield new insights into representations of vowels

Studies of vowel systems regularly appeal to the need to understand how the auditory system encodes and processes the information in the acoustic signal. The goal of this study is to present computational models to address this need, and to use the models to illustrate responses to vowels at two levels of the auditory pathway. Many of the models previously used to study auditory representations of speech are based on linear filter banks simulating the tuning of the inner ear. These models do not incorporate key nonlinear response properties of the inner ear that influence responses at conversational-speech sound levels. These nonlinear properties shape neural representations in ways that are important for understanding responses in the central nervous system. The model for auditory-nerve (AN) fibers used here incorporates realistic nonlinear properties associated with the basilar membrane, inner hair cells (IHCs), and the IHC-AN synapse. These nonlinearities set up profiles of f0-related fluctuations that vary in amplitude across the population of frequency-tuned AN fibers. Amplitude fluctuations in AN responses are smallest near formant peaks and largest at frequencies between formants. These f0-related fluctuations strongly excite or suppress neurons in the auditory midbrain, the first level of the auditory pathway where tuning for low-frequency fluctuations in sounds occurs. Formant-related amplitude fluctuations provide representations of the vowel spectrum in discharge rates of midbrain neurons. These representations in the midbrain are robust across a wide range of sound levels, including the entire range of conversational-speech levels, and in the presence of realistic background noise levels.
Behavioral Pediatrics Meets Behavioral Economics: Autism, Mandates, and High Deductibles.

* Abbreviation: ASD — : autism spectrum disorder We do not yet know what causes autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but we do know that early intensive behavioral intervention for children with ASD can improve outcomes.1,2 The cost is high, but, from a societal point of view, the benefit will likely outweigh the cost both financially and clinically.3,4 Yet financial barriers, particularly among patients with private insurance, can prevent children and families from receiving needed services.5 Recognizing this, policy makers in many states passed laws mandating that commercial insurers cover ASD-specific interventions. Mandates improved access to care by increasing use of ASD-specific services, particularly in younger children, suggesting that the new policy was effective and increased access to autism treatment of children covered by commercial insurance.6 In addition, more children were diagnosed with ASD in the states with ASD mandates, suggesting that providers were more likely to make the diagnosis when the payment system allowed for early treatment.7 Neither of these findings are surprising; the experience with Medicaid’s Early and Periodic Screening Diagnostic and Treatment suggested that expanding benefits expands access.8 … Address correspondence to David Keller, MD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital Colorado, 13123 E 16th Ave, B065, Denver, CO 80045. E-mail: david.keller{at}childrenscolorado.org
On the derivatives of curvature of framed space curve and their time-updating scheme

Abstract This paper considers the curvature of framed space curves, their higher-order derivatives, variations, and co-rotational derivatives. We realize that parametrizing rotation tensor using the Gibbs vector is effective in deriving a closed-form formula that gives the general n-th order derivative of the curvature tensor as the summation of functions of the parametrizing quantity and its own derivatives. We use these results for formulating a linearized updating algorithm for curvature and its derivatives when the configuration of the curve acquires a small increment.
Overrun by averages: An empirical analysis into the consistency of social vulnerability components across multiple scales

Abstract Social vulnerability indices have become widely accepted as key elements of disaster risk reduction (DRR) frameworks despite significant conceptual and technical concerns over their creation. Despite increasingly complex theorization, it remains commonplace to determine vulnerability dimensions by applying principal component or factor analysis on aggregated, sub-national level statistical data. The primary focus of this paper is in showing that social vulnerability dimensions derived from aggregate statistics may not be consistent with those derived at the household level. I first provide empirical support for this problem using household level micro-data from Nepal, then illustrate how differences in determined dimensions impact composite index creation at both household and regional levels. I show that qualitative differences in index components are not required to produce large magnitude changes or sign reversals in index scores. These findings raise questions over whether regional vulnerability components can be sufficiently represented with household characteristics. These results reiterate the necessity of addressing issues of scale in the development of empirical social vulnerability indicators.
No Perfect Method: Exploring How Past Contraceptive Methods Influence Current Attitudes Toward Intrauterine Devices.

Little research on contraceptive decision-making takes a holistic perspective to understand women’s contraceptive journeys throughout the reproductive life course. This analysis investigated how Black and Latina women’s past experiences with contraceptive use and acquisition impact their feelings and attitudes toward future use of intrauterine devices (IUDs). We utilized data from in-depth interviews that explored contraceptive decision-making and knowledge of, interest in, and attitudes toward IUDs among 38 young Black and Latina women collected in 2013 in the San Francisco Bay Area. Here, we focused on the IUD decision-making process among a subsample of 32 women who were not using or had not previously used an IUD. Overall, we found a strong link between past contraceptive experiences and attitudes regarding future use of IUDs. Notably, participants often referenced experiences of side effects with previous methods when explaining their interest—or lack thereof—in IUD use, as well as made links between contraceptive attributes they had experienced positively and attributes of the IUD. A minority of participants described being satisfied with their current method, resulting in a lack of interest in considering IUD use. More than half of participants described distrust, either in healthcare providers owing to previous negative interactions and contraceptive failures of provider-recommended methods or owing to family members’ and friends’ negative experiences with IUDs. This distrust undergirded their lack of interest in the IUD. These findings highlight the importance of locating contraceptive decision-making in the broader context of reproductive journeys.
Ethyl 4-{1-[(2,4-dinitro­phen­yl)hydrazono]eth­yl}-5-(2-naphthyl­methoxy­meth­yl)isoxazole-3-carboxyl­ate

The title compound, C26H23N5O8, was prepared and its structure investigated to further develop a working hypothesis for the essential binding pharmacophore for ligands of the System Xc- transporter [Patel et al. (2004). Neuropharmacology, 46, 273–284]. The hydrazone group displays an E geometry and the isoxazole double bond and C=N group of the hydrazone are in an s-cis relationship. The secondary amino NH group forms an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond to a ring nitro group. There is a dihedral angle of 44.27 (5)° between the isoxazole plane and the hydrazone group plane.
GASTRIC ANTISECRETORY AND ANTIULCER PROPERTIES OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF LEAVES OF ANDROGRAPHYS PANICULATA

Objective: To study the gastric anti-secretory and cytoprotective action of ethanolic extract of leaves of Andrographys paniculata . Methods : Effect of ethanolic extract of leaves of A. paniculata gastro-antisecretory and cytoprotective activity was studied in vivo by using gastric wall mucus determination, hypothermic restraint stress-induced ulcers, idomethacin-induced gastric ulcers, reserpine-induced gastric ulcers and necrotizing agent-induced gastric ulcers (cytoprotection studies) methods. Results : Ethanolic extract of leaves of A. paniculata produced a significant decrease in gastric secretion in pylorous ligated rats and a highly significant cytoprotective effect against 80% ethanol-0.6 M HCl, 0.2 M NaOH, and 25% NaCl-induced cytodestruction. Conclusion : Pretreatment with the extract significantly prevented hypothermic stress-induced gastric wall mucus depletion. These findings suggest that a significant antisecretory and cytoprotective action A. paniculata can be responsible for its antiulcer activity. Keywords: A. paniculata , Gastric secretion, Gastric ulcers , Cytoprotection, Gastric wall mucus.
Elite Interactions and Voters’ Perceptions of Parties’ Policy Positions

Recent research documents that voters infer that governing coalition partners share similar ideologies, independently of these parties’ actual policy statements. We argue that citizens estimate party positions from more general forms of interparty cooperation and conflict, particularly near the times of national elections. We analyze tens of thousands of media reports on elite interactions from 13 Western democracies between 2001 and 2014, and show that—controlling for coalition arrangements and for the policy tones of parties’ election manifestos—voters infer greater left–right agreement between pairs of parties that have more cooperative public relationships, but that this “cooperation effect” is only evident near the times of national elections. Our findings have implications for parties’ policy images and for mass–elite linkages.
A Refined Deep Learning Architecture for Diabetic Foot Ulcers Detection.

Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFU) that affect the lower extremities are a major complication of diabetes. Each year, more than 1 million diabetic patients undergo amputation due to failure to recognize DFU and get the proper treatment from clinicians. There is an urgent need to use a CAD system for the detection of DFU. In this paper, we propose using deep learning methods (EfficientDet Architectures) for the detection of DFU in the DFUC2020 challenge dataset, which consists of 4,500 DFU images. We further refined the EfficientDet architecture to avoid false negative and false positive predictions. The code for this method is available at this https URL.
Case Studies Using the Electroencephalogram to Monitor Anesthesia-Induced Brain States in Children

For this child, at this particular moment, how much anesthesia should I give? Determining the drug requirements of a specific patient is a fundamental problem in medicine. Our current approach uses population-based pharmacological models to establish dosing. However, individual patients, and children in particular, may respond to drugs differently. In anesthesiology, we have the advantage that we can monitor our patients in real time and titrate drugs to the desired effect. Examples include blood pressure management or muscle relaxation. Although the brain is the primary site of action for sedative-hypnotic drugs, the brain is not routinely monitored during general anesthesia or sedation, a fact that would surprise many patients. One reason for this is that, until recently, physiologically principled approaches for anesthetic brain monitoring have not been articulated. In the past few years, our knowledge of anesthetic brain mechanisms has developed rapidly. We now know that anesthetic drug effects are clearly visible in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of adults and reflect underlying anesthetic pharmacology and brain mechanisms. Most recently, similar effects have been characterized in children. In this article, we describe how EEG monitoring could be used to guide anesthetic management in pediatric patients. We review previous evidence and present multiple case studies showing how drug-specific and dose-dependent EEG signatures seen in adults are visible in children and infants, including those with neurological disorders. We propose that the EEG can be used in the anesthetic care of children to enable anesthesiologists to better assess the drug requirements of individual patients in real time and improve patient safety and experience.
Neighborhood risk: Socioeconomic status and hospital admission for pediatric burn patients.

Abstract Background Burn injury continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality in the US pediatric population. Many studies using inpatient samples have found a relationship between low socioeconomic status (SES) and burn injury. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association between SES and the likelihood of admission for Emergency Department (ED) visits for pediatric burn injury. Study design A retrospective database review of pediatric ED visits for burn injury from a statewide hospital system, from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2014. SES was assigned using an eight factor Neighborhood Risk Index (NRI) created from census block group data, with a higher score indicative of lower SES. The outcome measure was ED visits admitted to inpatient care. Results We analyzed a sample of 1845 pediatric ED visits for burn injuries. Most visits were discharged from the ED (88.4%) while 10.5% were admitted to inpatient care and 1.0% were transferred to another hospital. In a multivariable logistic regression model, patients from high risk areas ( > 75th percentile NRI) had 1.58 higher odds of inpatient admission compared to patients from low risk areas ( Conclusions Children with a burn injury from the highest risk socioeconomic areas in Rhode Island had a higher likelihood of inpatient admission. Further research is needed to determine what factors associated with socioeconomic status impact this finding.
Spillover Across Remedies

Remedies influence rights, and rights apply across remedies. Combined together, these two phenomena produce the problem of spillover across remedies. The spillover problem occurs when considerations specific to one remedy affect the definition of a substantive rule that governs in other remedial settings. For example, the severe remedial consequences of suppressing incriminating evidence might generate substantive Fourth Amendment precedents that make other Fourth Amendment remedies (such as damage awards, injunctions, or ex ante denials of search warrants) more difficult to obtain. Or, the rule of lenity might yield a narrowed reading of a statutory rule in a criminal case, which then carries binding effect on subsequent attempts to secure civil relief under the same statutory provision. In these and other contexts, the cross-remedial scope of substantive rules can give rise to significant doctrinal distortions, with one remedy’s influence on a substantive norm dictating the outcome of cases that would otherwise implicate different remedial considerations.This Article documents several examples of cross-remedial spillover and considers several possible responses to it. Its central conclusion is that courts can best manage the spillover problem by varying the applicability of substantive rules across different remedial domains. Such disaggregation strategies already exist to some extent in the law, implemented most often through the use of discrete, transsubstantive exceptions to remedial requirements (consider, for instance, the qualified immunity defense to damages liability under § 1983, or the harmless error exception to the reversal remedy on direct appeals). Nonetheless, as this Article demonstrates, courts can more effectively disaggregate substantive norms — and thus more effectively mitigate spillover across remedies — by utilizing a significantly more nuanced and substance-specific set of remedial exceptions. In effect, such an approach would yield hybridized rules of "right-remedy" law, with precedential effects extending no further than particularized combinations of substantive and remedial domains. Although that outcome might give some readers pause, it is in fact a sensible and feasible objective for courts to pursue.
Value-driven design for product families: a new approach for estimating value and a novel industry case study

Advanced product platform and product family design methods are needed to define and optimize the value they bring to a company. Maximizing platform commonality and individual product performance often fails to realize the most valuable product family during optimization; however, few examples exist in the literature to explore these trade-offs. This paper introduces a novel industry case study to explore the differences between “traditional” multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) and value-driven design (VDD) approaches to product family design. The case study involves a family of five commercially-available washing machines and integrates multidisciplinary analyses, simulations, mathematical models, and response surface models to obtain ratings for individual product attributes. These attributes are then aggregated into a value function for the product family using a novel approach to estimate sales volume and a demand sensitivity curve derived from publicly available data. We then formulate and solve a “traditional” MDO product family design problem using a multi-objective genetic algorithm to minimize performance deviation and a product family penalty function. A novel VDD formulation is then introduced and solved to maximize the net present value (NPV) for the firm producing the family of products. Visualization and comparison of the results illustrate that the “traditional” MDO formulation can find several promising solutions for the product family, but it fails to find solutions that maximize the value to the firm. The results also provide a benchmark for researchers to explore alternative value function formulations and solution approaches for product family design using the novel industry case study.
On the Equilibrium Elicitation of Markov Games Through Information Design.

This work considers a novel information design problem and studies how the craft of payoff-relevant environmental signals solely can influence the behaviors of intelligent agents. The agents' strategic interactions are captured by an incomplete-information Markov game, in which each agent first selects one environmental signal from multiple signal sources as additional payoff-relevant information and then takes an action. There is a rational information designer (designer) who possesses one signal source and aims to control the equilibrium behaviors of the agents by designing the information structure of her signals sent to the agents. An obedient principle is established which states that it is without loss of generality to focus on the direct information design when the information design incentivizes each agent to select the signal sent by the designer, such that the design process avoids the predictions of the agents' strategic selection behaviors. We then introduce the design protocol given a goal of the designer referred to as obedient implementability (OIL) and characterize the OIL in a class of obedient perfect Bayesian Markov Nash equilibria (O-PBME). A new framework for information design is proposed based on an approach of maximizing the optimal slack variables. Finally, we formulate the designer's goal selection problem and characterize it in terms of information design by establishing a relationship between the O-PBME and the Bayesian Markov correlated equilibria, in which we build upon the revelation principle in classic information design in economics. The proposed approach can be applied to elicit desired behaviors of multi-agent systems in competing as well as cooperating settings and be extended to heterogeneous stochastic games in the complete- and the incomplete-information environments.
Sentir la voz poética en Los heraldos negros

El articulo se basa en la teoria de M. H. Abrams “Las cuatro dimensiones de un poema” (2012) en el cual destaca cuatro niveles de interpretacion de un poema: literal, figurativo, simbolico y fisico. Es decir, entrar en esta cuarta etapa de significacion requiere reconocer que un poema existe para leerlo en vos alta y escucharse. De este modo, es necesario prestar atencion tanto al sonido de los versos como a la accion de recitarlos, es decir, aun cuando leemos un poema escrito; debemos prestar atencion al movimiento de la lengua, la garganta y la boca, y tambien la sensacion de las palabras en los oidos. Aplicando estas ideas a Los heraldos negros (1919) de Cesar Vallejo, vemos que desde su poesia temprana el poeta trabajaba sobre la presencia de la palabra y las creaciones poeticas en el mundo real de los sonidos, revelaciones, sensaciones, toques y emociones de ideas. De esta manera, vemos la conexion entre la experimentacion abstracta, la exploracion trascendental y el compromiso social. Palabras clave: Cesar Vallejo, Los heraldos negros; interpretacion poetica; voz poetica. Abstract The article is based on the theory of M. H. Abrams “The four dimensions of a poem” (2012) in which it highlights four levels of interpretation of a poem: literal, figurative, symbolic and physical. That is, entering this fourth stage of significance requires recognizing that a poem exists to read it loudly and be heard. Thus, it is necessary to pay attention to both the sound of the verses and the action of reciting them, that is, even when we read a written poem; We must pay attention to the movement of the tongue, throat and mouth, –and also the sensation of words in the ears. Applying these ideas to The Black Heralds (1919) of Cesar Vallejo, we see that from his early poetry the poet worked on the presence of the word and poetic creations in the real world of sounds, revelations, sensations, touches and emotions of ideas. In this way, we see the connection between abstract experimentation, transcendental exploration and social commitment. Keywords: Cesar Vallejo, The Black Heralds; poetic interpretation; poetic voice.
Late-Term Complications of COVID-19: Retropharyngeal Infection and Myocarditis in a 26-Year-Old Patient.

Deep neck space infection and viral myocarditis related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have both been described in the medical literature. However, there are only three reported cases of retropharyngeal infection as a presenting pathology in the setting of COVID-19. A 26-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with fever and neck swelling and pain 1 month after COVID-19 infection. A computed tomography scan of the neck demonstrated tonsillitis with retropharyngeal infection. She was also found to have heart failure with an ejection fraction (EF) of <20% due to acute myocarditis. Her infection resolved and the EF improved to 40% prior to discharge. Our case is the first to describe retropharyngeal infection as a late complication in an adult with a history of COVID-19 several weeks previously. It also presented a clinical challenge in terms of tailoring goal-directed medical therapy to manage severe left ventricular dysfunction caused by myocarditis. LEARNING POINTS: Deep neck space infections may be a long-term complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Fever, neck swelling and pain should arouse suspicion of deep neck space infection even in adults.Acute viral myocarditis in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 can present many weeks after the initial infection.
Auswertung dichotomer Marktreaktionen mittels Survival Analysis

Bei feststehenden Kundenbestanden, wie sie etwa im Bereich des Direktmarketing vorliegen, konnen die durch marketingpolitische Masnahmen erzielten Marktreaktionen haufig als dichotome Prozesse interpretiert werden. Verfahren zur Auswertung dichotomer Prozesverlaufe werden durch die aus Medizin und Ingenieurswissenschaften bekannten Methoden der Survival Analysis bereitgestellt. Der vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert die Anwendungsmoglichkeiten dieser Verfahrensklasse fur das Marketing. Dabei werden einerseits die Eignung zu analytischen und andererseits zu prognostischen Zwecken diskutiert. Die gefundenen Ergebnisse werden anhand von zwei empirischen Studien prasentiert.
An a-posteriori evaluation of principal component analysis-based models for turbulent combustion simulations

Abstract Recently, principal component analysis (PCA) has been proposed as a means to identify and parameterize manifolds existing in turbulent reacting flow. PCA provides a way to systematically add dimensionality to state-space parameterizations without resorting to ad-hoc progress variables. This work presents an a posteriori study of PCA as a combustion model applied to a non-premixed CO/H2 temporally evolving jet flame with extinction and reignition. As a basis for comparison, results from detailed chemistry calculations are compared with the PCA-transport results to verify the model and evaluate its performance. The effect of increasing the number of retained principal components (PC’s) is shown by comparing the results of three different cases retaining 1, 2, and 3 PC’s. Invariance of the model’s error to a system parameter (Reynolds number) is evaluated over a range of Re numbers from 2500 to 9000.
Minimal Pair Constructions and Iterated Trees of Strategies

We use the iterated trees of strategies approach developed in [LL1], [LL2] to prove some theorems about minimal pairs. In Section 1-3, we show how to use these methods to prove the Minimal Pair Theorem of Lachlan [L] and Yates [Y]: Theorem 3.4 (Minimal Pair). There exist nonrecursive r.e. degreesaandbsuch thata λ b = 0.