cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Analytics of Credible Exchange-Rate-Based Disinflation When Money Facilitates Firms' Transactions

This paper makes three contributions to the supply-side theory of the real effects of exchange-rate-based disinflation: First, the empirical relevance of the supply-side hypothesis has been questioned on the grounds of its reliance on the assumption that purchases of investment goods are subject to a cash-in-advance constraint. This paper replaces this assumption with a more realistic one that assigns money the role of facilitating firms' transactions (such as sales and payments to factor inputs). A formal correspondence is shown to exist between the model proposed in this paper and the one in which investment is a cash good. Second, the implications of the supply-side hypothesis are derived under much weaker restrictions on preferences, technologies, and initial conditions than in existing studies. Third, equilibrium dynamics are characterized without resorting to linear approximation techniques, which are invalid in the context of the theoretical framework used in the literature on exchange-rate-based stabilization, namely, small open economy models with a constant subjective rate of discount and an exogenous world real interest rate.
The Power of Data

From raw data to knowledge discovery, the ability to store, handle, manipulate, distribute and replicate data and information provides a tremendous asset to organisations, both in the commercial and scientific and academic sector. As IT infrastructures become more and more reliable, dynamic and flexible, applications and services require a modular, distributed, functionality-driven and secure environment. Continual improvements and advancements are needed to meet these requirements and Oracle constantly innovates and pushes the limits of the technology to make data, information and knowledge available and exploitable. For Oracle to continue leading the database sector and to contribute to the development of ICT, it is crucial to engage with the R&D sector, both industrial and scientific, where existing and new challenges can be explored and novel and ground-breaking solutions found. The talk will explore some of the latest directions and developments in the database field and describe how Oracle contributes to them partnering up with other leading organisations in different sectors. Highlights from some of the R&D projects across Europe Oracle is part of will be also presented.
Detecting Power Relations from Written Dialog

In my thesis I propose a data-oriented study on how social power relations between participants manifest in the language and structure of online written dialogs. I propose that there are different types of power relations and they are different in the ways they are expressed and revealed in dialog and across different languages, genres and domains. So far, I have defined four types of power and annotated them in corporate email threads in English and found support that they in fact manifest differently in the threads. Using dialog and language features, I have built a system to predict participants possessing these types of power within email threads. I intend to extend this system to other languages, genres and domains and to improve it's performance using deeper linguistic analysis.
The continental margin is a key source of iron to the HNLC North Pacific Ocean

Here we show that labile particulate iron and manganese concentrations in the upper 500m of the Western Subarctic Pacific, an iron-limited High Nutrient Low Chlorophyll (HNLC) region, have prominent subsurface maxima between 100-200 m, reaching 3 nM and 600 pM, respectively. The subsurface concentration maxima in particulate Fe are characterized by a more reduced oxidation state, suggesting a source from primary volcagenic minerals such as from the Kuril/Kamchatka margin. The systematics of these profiles suggest a consistently strong lateral advection of labile Mn and Fe from redox-mobilized labile sources at the continental shelf supplemented by a more variable source of Fe from the upper continental slope. This subsurface supply of iron from the continental margin is shallow enough to be accessible to the surface through winter upwelling and vertical mixing, and is likely a key source of bioavailable Fe to the HNLC North Pacific.
Kaboom! is a many-splendored thing: an interpretation and design methodology for message-driven games using graphical logics

This paper describes an explicit model for how to interpret and create simple 2D games that reasonably communicate messages through a game's representational layer in a manner that is consistent with its processes.A few prominent experimental games (e.g. Kabul Kaboom, Passage) have demonstrated that when the rhetorical implications of a game's processes and its representational layer are in harmony, worthwhile and coherent messages can be communicated. This paper reports the findings of an extensive analysis of Activision's Kaboom! (1981) [1] that explores its rhetorical design space in the service of developing a general method for the interpretation of simple message-driven games. The paper then shows how the application of this method to even a simple game like Kaboom! reveals an unexpected range of coherent potential messages. The paper concludes with a description of a design process and assistant tool that enables those who are not game designers, or even procedurally literate, to create simple games that present editorial and expressive statements. We see this project as a concrete step forward, both analytically and in enabling production, in the field of procedural rhetoric.
A unified model for inelastic deformation of polycrystalline materials — application to transient behavior in cyclic loading and relaxation

Abstract Hart proposed a unified state variable model which is capable of predicting the nonelastic deformation for low and high temperatures over a very large strain rate range. He developed these relations from experimental evidence and a heuristic consideration of micro-mechanism of deformation in polycrystalline materials. Some of the important parameters can be uniquely determined using load relaxation tests in the fully loaded regime. The model was based on the realization that the dislocation motion is limited by the dislocation glide friction and by the resistance to strong barriers to dislocation motion represented by the hardness parameter, σ ∗ . A transient model based on the non-steady state condition for the frictional glide process is introduced here using a microhardness parameter as a new state variable. The microhardness parameter represents the strength or the average lifetime of the mobile dislocations relative to the frictional glide viscous drag process. The evolution of the microhardness parameter is very similar to that proposed for the hardness parameter except that the recovery plays a major role. The power law relationship for the frictional glide process is shown to be a steady state condition for the transient behavior in this model. The results show that the model can predict the transient behavior for both cyclic loading and the reloading phenomena during inelastic deformation and load relaxation.
Pathologic complete response of a solitary melanoma brain metastasis after local ablative radiation therapy: case report

A 73-year-old female with malignant melanoma metastatic to her left frontal lobe status post-gross total resection of the metastasis, whole brain radiotherapy, and Gamma Knife-based stereotactic radiosurgery for local recurrence presented with an area of increasing enhancement on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and hypermetabolic lesions on 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (18FDG PET/CT) of the brain suspicious for tumor recurrence. Surgical resection of the lesion was performed showing radiation necrosis with no evidence of tumor. The patient was alive 1 year after her second craniotomy. This case illustrates that despite being perceived as a radioresistant histology, complete local eradication of melanoma is possible with ablative dose regimens. Prolonged survival is possible in patients with limited metastatic melanoma if local tumor control is achieved.
S/370 sign-magnitude floating-point adder

A 56 bit S/370 sign-magnitude adder for floating-point operations implemented in a four-level metal bipolar master-slice technology is described. The design of the two-to-one adder is based on a carry lookahead scheme with implicit calculation of the end-around carry. The implementation of the floating-point adder and the error-detecting logic requires one chip of 7500 automatically placed and wired NAND gates. The chip die size is 7.39*7.39 mm/sup 2/, and it is mounted on a metallized ceramic substrate. The floating-point sign-magnitude adder chip is used in the IBM 9370 Model 60 (9375) engineering scientific accelerator card. >
Note on homogenous nucleation theories

Abstract The validity of applying Fisher's droplet picture to homogeneous nucleation theory is examined. The implications of recent computer simulations of droplets are also discussed.
Mouse renal cytochrome p450IIE1: Immunocytochemical localization, sex-related difference and regulation by testosterone☆

Abstract Cytochrome P450IIE1 is responsible for the metabolic activation of N-nitrosodimethylamine and a variety of other chemicals. Renal P450IIE1 was shown previously to be regulated by testosterone in C3H/HeJ and BALB/c mice. The present study investigated the distribution of cytochrome P450IIE1 in the kidneys of C3H/HeJ and BALB/c mice. The amount of P450IIE1 was immunotitrated by immunohistochemistry using polyclonal antibodies against rat P450IIE1. Strong immunoreactivity was identified mainly in the cortical tubules, including proximal tubules and some distal tubules. Weak immunoreactivity was also observed in the outer medulla when higher concentrations of antibodies were used. Much higher immunostaining was observed in male mice than in female mice when identical antibody dilutions were used. The renal P450IIE1 level in females was elevated to the same level as that in males 24 hr after administration of testosterone. The results showed a specific cellular localization of cytochrome P450IIE1 in mouse kidney. The findings may lead to a better understanding of the site-specific renal toxicity and carcinogenesis due to the activation of chemicals by cytochrome P450IIE1.
MRP decision support to resolve part shortages and machine/labor overloads

Abstract Resolving part shortages and machine/labor overloads are challenging though often nightmarish experiences faced by an MRP planner. Even though MRP systems have helped many companies to plan their material and capacity requirements, part shortages and machine/labor overloads are still commonplace in many companies today due to unforseen circumstances such as machine breakdowns, quality problems, transportation delays and others. This paper will discuss how a planner could use the MRP system to help resolve part shortages and machine/labor overloads.
Low Temperature Desorption Applications of a Direct-Fired Rotary Kiln Incinerator

Abstract High temperature incineration has been associated with the emission of some undesirable pollutants, namely dioxin and toxic metals. Because temperature appears to be a primary force in the generation of these pollutants, the EPA Office of Research and Development conducted a set of low temperature desorption experiments on a conventional pilot-scale rotary kiln incinerator to determine its treatment effectiveness for a synthetic waste stream. The objective of the low temperature treatment test program was to research the global effects of five parameters believed to be of primary importance to the effectiveness of organic decontamination and toxic metal partitioning. The parameters studied were soil moisture/volatile content, treatment temperature, treatment time, solid bed depth, and degree of solid agitation. A series of twelve tests was performed under different operating conditions to determine: • the relationship between kiln exit gas temperature and soil treatment temperature; • that treatm...
Anisotropic light scattering by asymmetric starch granules.

Abstract Solid-state light-scattering patterns from the shoti variety of starch have been recorded using a red continuous wave laser as light source. The laser beam was vertically polarized and the scattered light was observed after passage through a horizontal analyzer so that only scattering due to fluctuations in anisotropy was observed ( H v scattering). Because of their ellipsoidal shape, these granules do not yield a scattering envelope with a 4-fold axis of symmetry, as most starches do; rather a propeller-shaped envelope with a center of symmetry and two orthogonal planes of symmetry was observed. The over-all envelope including higher order maxima could be accounted for by a lamellar model with the lamellae at right angles to the axis of symmetry of the particle. Within the lamellae the orientation distribution of induced dipoles is a function of a radial and a longitudinal co-ordinate. The loci of induced dipoles whose vector orientation is orthogonal to a common surface create shell-like structures similar to the familiar growth layers of starch ultrastructure.
High Temperature SPM Process Study for Stripping of Implanted Photoresist

Advanced device is more sensitive to material loss and dopant fluctuation, that might strongly influence device performance. Conventional dry ash process for implanted photoresist strip can not meet the requirement of material loss minimization of advanced device. Full wet process for resist strip was first successfully demonstrated at 22nm structure wafer to gain 50% silicon loss reduction. Besides, full wet process also demonstrated defect cleaning performance was even better than conventional approach. This work focused on mechanism study of Si3N4 and SiO2 film loss induced by high temperature SPM process.
A Mixed-Methods Approach to Investigating the Adoption of Evidence-Based Pain Practices in Nursing Homes

This mixed methods study examined perceived facilitators and obstacles to adopting evidence-based pain management protocols vis-a-vis documented practice changes that were measured using a chart audit tool. This analysis used data from a subgroup of four nursing homes that participated in a clinical trial. Focus group interviews with staff yielded qualitative data about perceived factors that affected their willingness and ability to use the protocols. Chart audits determined whether pain assessment and management practices changed over time in light of these reported facilitators and barriers. Reported facilitators included administrative support, staff consistency, and policy and procedure changes. Barriers were staff attitudes, regulatory issues, and provider mistrust of nurses' judgment. Overall, staff reported improvements in pain practices. These reports were corroborated by modest but significant increases in adherence to recommended practices. Change in clinical practice is complex and requires attention to both structural and process aspects of care.
Further prospective findings with compound action potentials from Nucleus 24 cochlear implants.

The purpose of this study was to gain greater understanding of compound action potential (CAP) specific characteristics including: slope of the growth function, P1–N1 amplitude, threshold and latencies of P1 and N1 measured in cochlear implant users. Experienced adult subjects underwent behavioral threshold (T) measurement and electrically elicited stapedial reflex (eSR) recording, followed by CAP measurements on six selected electrodes. Based on the electrically elicited stapedial reflex threshold (eSRT), maximum stimulation level for each measured electrode was set. Relationships among the three thresholds of the above measures and maximum CAP P1–N1 amplitude and slope of the growth function were statistically evaluated for each measured electrode. Threshold of the CAP response showed relationships of similar strength with eSRT and T (r=0.69 and 0.61, respectively). For both slope of the growth function and CAP P1–N1 amplitude, a statistically significant relationship with cochlear place was found. Both specific characteristics of CAP measurement for the most apical electrodes were roughly double those for the most basal electrode (α=0.05). This may be partially explained by cochlear anatomy and is consistent with prior mammalian and human studies showing increasing density and survival of spiral ganglion cells in the regions corresponding to intracochlear electrode placement from basal to apical electrodes (90–360°).
Justice to the Australians

My acknowledged debt to Gary J. Manger is so great that I fear to register any dissent lest I seem an ingrate. Therefore, I stay with a few truths that relate to his concerns.1 1. By 1920 it was high time to replace the labor-only model of Ricardo-Mill classicism by the formal Ohlin, Haberler, and other multi-factor extensions. Already Ricardo, Torrens, and Malthus recognized that the corn laws could raise landowners' share in English national income-a phenomenon not relevant to the 1-factor-only formal model. The 1925-1931 Australian discussions similarly deviated into good sense before international trade theory had, in Manger's happy phrase, "shifted intellectual gears." Tom Kuhn must realize that in real life scientists work with more than one paradigm at a time, including some still getting born and perceived. 2. Ohlin's recognition of oversimplification in purchasingpower-theory will be seen on reflection to be logically and empirically unrelated to the inadequacies of the labor-only models. Similarly, Mill's recognition that "international values" cannot accord with "labor values" is not a point against a model involving labor-alonein-each-country: it is a valid deduction about such a classical model. In short, as Kuhn can document, a new and better paradigm may be motivated by criticisms of an old paradigm that are themselves confused and even wrong. 3. Frederic Benham's 1935 paper on how factor prices and goods prices are related is a quantum-advance in the post-Heckscher literature. His jousts with Bridgen on Marion Samuelson's problem do not win for him from me Manger's high marks. But when have teachers been unanimous in making out report-card grades? 4. Manger earns our praise for throwing new light on basic advances in the theory of international trade. My reservations, which are minor, hope to guard against awarding excessive credit to post1938 writers.
Knowledge-based approach to domain modeling: organizational process modeling application

An application domain is defined to be a collection of systems that share common characteristics. A domain model is used to capture common characteristics and variations among a family of software systems in a given application domain. From the domain model, target systems can be generated by tailoring the domain model according to the requirements of each target system. Thus, a knowledge engineer can develop the specifications for a target system in terms of the previously specified domain model, and does not have to perform a full systems analysis every time a new target system has to be constructed. This paper presents the design and application of an intelligent, microcomputer-based group support system used to automate the execution of collaborative organizational processes performed by multiple organizational members. Knowledge-based system technology has been used to construct the domain model of organizational processes and to generate a specific organizational process model from it. The intelligence of the system is demonstrated primarily by the following. First, intelligent software agents, each representing and emulating a human organization member, are used as the basis for the solution design. Second, as a part of the software solution, a knowledge-based requirements elicitation tool (KBRET) has been developed to automate the process of generating the specification for target systems from the domain model. The entire software solution has been implemented using CLIPS (C Language Integrated Production System), an expert system shell developed at NASA/Johnson Space Center.
POWER‐CONTROL THEORY, GENDER, AND DELINQUENCY: A PARTIAL REPLICATION WITH ADDITIONAL EVIDENCE ON THE EFFECTS OF PEERS*

This examination of Hagan et al.'s (1985, 1987) power-control theory of delinquency and gender finds that gender and delinquency are related to the relative authority of parents at work in ways unexpected by power-control theory. Support is found, however, for the power-control thesis pertaining to parental control and risk-taking attitudes. In reconciling differences between these findings and those of Hagan et al., the conclusion is that relations of affiliation as well as parental authority are important determinants of delinquency and its relationship with gender.
Initial experience with laparoscopic repair of incisional hernias.

Abstract Background: Development of a safe, unobtrusive means to repair the large incisional hernia continues to represent a challenge to surgeons. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the first 12 patients who underwent an attempt at laparoscopic repair of an incisional hernia at a single institution was carried out. Results: Of the 12 attempts at laparoscopic repair, 11 were completed. No serious perioperative morbidity was encountered. During a mean follow-up of 12.5 months, one recurrence (due to a technical shortcoming that has since been overcome) was identified. Conclusions: The laparoscopic approach to incisional hernia repair is a safe alternative to open repair of abdominal wall defects.
Gesture-based interaction: a new dimension for mobile user interfaces

Today, smart phones with touchscreens and sensors are the predominant, fastest growing class of consumer computing devices. However, because these devices are used in diverse situations, and have unique capabilities and form factors, they also raise new user interface challenges, and at the same time, offer great opportunities for impactful HCI research.In this talk, I will focus on gesture-based interaction, an important interaction behavior enabled by touchscreens and built-in sensors, which sets mobile interaction apart from traditional graphical user interfaces.I will first talk about gesture shortcuts in the context of Gesture Search [1], a tool that allows users to quickly access applications and data on the phone by simply drawing a few gestures (http://www.google.com/mobile/gesture-search). Gesture Search flattens mobile phones' UI hierarchy by alleviating the need for navigating the interface. Gesture Search has been released and is invoked hundreds of thousands of times per day by a large user population.I will then cover several related projects that furthered our investigation into gesture shortcuts, including using gestures for target acquisition [3], crowd sourcing-based gesture recognition [5] and our early exploration on motion gestures [4, 6, 7].Finally, I will turn to discuss multi-touch gestures for direct manipulation of an interface, the dominant class of gesture-based interaction on existing commercial devices. Multi-touch gestures are intuitive and efficient to use, but can be difficult to implement. I will discuss tools to support developers, allowing them to more easily create multi-touch interaction behaviors by demonstration [2].These projects investigated various aspects of gesture-based interaction on mobile devices. They help open a new dimension for mobile interaction.
Rapid non-genomic actions of progesterone stimulate Ca2+ influx and the acrosome reaction in human sperm

This review summarizes some recent findings in human sperm which show that progesterone and 17α hydroxyprogesterone are able rapidly (within seconds) to elevate [Ca2+]i and elicit the acrosome reaction (AR) via a non-genomic cell surface receptor. Progesterone promotes a transient elevation in [Ca2+]i which is blocked by extracellular La3+ and Ni2+ and removal of extracellular Ca2+ following chelation with EGTA. Some studies suggest that polyamines, trypsin-like proteases, and progesterone receptor aggregation are involved in progesterone-induced Ca2+ influx and AR. The receptor is not stimulated by the potent synthetic progestigins (e.g. promegestone, norethynodrel, megestrol acetate, cyproterone acetate) and is weakly antagonized by the genomic anti-progestins RU 486 and ZK 98.299. The sedative-hypnotic 3α hyproxyl A-ring reduced pregnane steroids, which are powerful activators of the GABAA Cl− channel, are weak activators of Ca2+ influx and the AR. These data suggest that human sperm have a cell surface steroid receptor which is unlike the genomic progesterone receptor and the GABAA Cl− channel steroid receptor.
The Effect of the Aromatic Rings of Taxol on Biological Activity and Solution Conformation: Synthesis and Evaluation of Saturated Taxol and Taxotere Analogues

The synthesis and biological evaluation of novel cyclohexyl analogues of taxol and taxotere are detailed. 2-(Cyclohexylcarbonyl)-2-debenzoylbaccatin III (6) was prepared from baccatin III by hydrogenation. Subsequent coupling of 6 with N-t-BOC-3-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-4-phenyl-2-azetidinone (7), followed by removal of the protecting groups, afforded 2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-2-debenzoyltaxotere (9). In a similar synthetic sequence, 3'-cyclohexyl-3'-dephenyltaxol (14) was prepared from N-benzoyl-3-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-4-cyclohexyl-2-azetidinone (12) and (triethylsilyl)baccatin III. The taxol analogue 15, in which all three taxol phenyl groups are substituted by a cyclohexyl moiety, was synthesized in one step from taxol via hydrogenation. All three analogues (9, 14, and 15) exhibited strong activity in the microtubule assembly assay and cytotoxicity comparable to taxol against B16 melanoma cells. It was also shown that 9, like taxol and taxotere, has an extended side chain in chloroform, but in DMSO/water mixtures preferentially adopts a different conformation in which the 2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl), 3'-phenyl, and 4-acetyl groups cluster. However, this behavior does not appear to occur for 3'-cyclohexyl analogues 14 and 15, in which the side chain conformation remains extended independent of solvent. These results suggest the aromaticity of the 3'-phenyl ring significantly stabilizes the clustered conformation.
The dynamics of population aging: demography and policy analysis.

The dynamics of population aging will broadly shape future social and economic conditions in the United States and in many other developed countries. Although the quantitative dimension of population aging is easily characterized, the associated forces producing changes in health and functioning among individuals are less well understood. For 14 years the Milbank Quarterly, under the editorship of David Willis, fostered research into the interaction of demographic, epidemiological, public health, and clinical factors in order better to understand population aging. The Quarterly spurred the collection of longitudinal data, based on representative samples of the U.S. elderly and oldest-old populations, which were crucial to efforts to answer critical questions about anticipated changes in health and functional status as the population ages. This research will give us a better grasp of the policy and service implications of an aging population.
Slow filling period/rapid filling period ratio in the apexcardiogram: Relation to the diagnosis of coronary artery disease

Apexcardiograms were performed in 68 consecutive patients who had either normal findings or coronary artery disease on cardiac catheterization. The height of the a wave in relation to the total apexcardiographic deflection (a/H) and the duration of both the rapid (RFW) and the slow (SFW) filling periods were determined in each case. The patients were classified into three gorups: I, no evidence of heart disease on catheterization; II, significant coronary artery disease with elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; and III, coronary artery disease with normal filling pressure. There was a significant difference (P less than 0.001) between the SFW/RFW values (mean +/- 1 standard deviation) in control subject (group I, 2.3 +/- 0.5) and in subjects with coronary artery disease (group II, 4.7 +/- 1.6 and group III, 4 +/- 1.7). Setting the upper limit of normal for SFW/RFW at 2.8 (mean + 1 standard deviation) identified 94 percent of patients, in group II, 71 percent of patients in group III and 86 percent of all patients with coronary disease (group II plus group III). This sensitivity appeared greater than that of the a/H ratio. Only 2 of 17 patients (12 percent) without coronary atherosclerosis had an SFW/RFW ratio greater than 2.8. It is concluded that (1) the slow/rapid filling period ratio is a useful noninvasive measurement for identifying subjects with ischemic heart disease; (2) the increased values for slow/rapid filling period ratio associated with obstructive coronary lesions may be caused by impairment of early left ventricular distensibility; and (3) this ratio should be determined in patients with other forms of heart disease to determine its specificity.
Which behavior does the lamprey central motor program mediate

The isolated lamprey spinal cord, when bathed in 2 millimolar D-glutamic acid, will generate a pattern of motor neuron discharge that has generally been assumed to represent the central motor program for swimming. Motion pictures of behaving lampreys were analyzed by a computer algorithm to estimate undulatory movement parameters that could be directly compared with those generated during D-glutamate--induced undulations. The D-glutamate--induced movement parameters were significantly different from those observed during normal behaviors, including swimming, but accurately predicted the undulations produced by spinally transected adult lampreys.
The gene for the homeodomain-containing protein Cart-1 is expressed in cells that have a chondrogenic potential during embryonic development

We have examined the expression of the gene for Cart-1, a new homeodomain-containing protein, during rat embryonic development. In early embryos, Cart-1 RNA was detected at high levels in head mesenchyme, lateral mesoderm, sclerotomes and limb bud mesenchyme. These tissues contain prechondrocytic mesenchymal cells responsible for the formation of the cartilaginous skeleton. In addition, Cart-1 RNA was also found in lung buds, tendons and mesonephros. Cells in these tissues have the potential of undergoing chondrogenesis either in explants for mesonephros and tendons, or in vivo for tendons and the precursors of bronchi cartilages. No hybridization was observed in brain, spinal cord, heart, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, liver and muscle. Our results support the hypothesis that Cart-1 may play a role in the pathway of chondrogenesis. The gene for Cart-1 was mapped to a segment of mouse chromosome 10 between the genes for phenylalanine hydroxylase and interferon gamma.
Fluorescent microplate analysis of amino acids and other primary amines in soils

In studies of soil nitrogen (N) cycling, there is growing demand for accurate high-throughput analyses of amino acids and other small organic N compounds. We adapted an existing fluorometric amino acid method based on o-phthaldialdehyde and β-mercaptoethanol (OPAME) for use in 96-well microplates, and tested it using standards and field samples. While we started with an existing protocol, we made one critical change: instead of using a 1-min incubation period, we used a 1-h incubation period to deal with differences in reaction timing among microplate wells and to reduce interference from ammonium. Our microplate method is similar in sensitivity to existing protocols and able to determine leucine standard concentrations as low as ∼0.5 μM. Finally, we demonstrate that the OPAME reagent fluoresces in the presence of primary amines other than amino acids, such as amino sugars and tyramine. Because of this broad sensitivity to primary amines, descriptions of the measured pool should be revised from total free amino acids (TFAA) to total free primary amines (TFPA).
Retrieval and Reuse of Pituitary Secretory Granule Proteins

The pituitary contains professional secretory cells, devoting a large fraction of their energy to the synthesis of hormones that are stored for secretion in response to a complex mixture of inputs. Ba2+, a substitute for Ca2+, and phorbol ester, a mimic for diacylglycerol, have a synergistic effect on exocytosis. By using these secretagogues, we developed a paradigm in which phorbol ester potentiation of Ba2+-evoked exocytosis produces a robust secretory response in multiple pituitary cell types. Because cells subjected to this stimulatory paradigm remain healthy despite their greatly reduced hormone content, we used this paradigm to study the fate of granule membrane proteins. We examined the turnover of peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM), a membrane enzyme involved in the final maturation of many peptides, and VAMP2, a vesicle soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE). The stability of recently synthesized PAM was increased by sustained exocytosis. Biotinylation studies established that the appearance of integral membrane PAM at the plasma membrane was stimulated along with hormone secretion. PAM biotinylated on the cell surface undergoes cleavage to yield soluble peptidylglycine-alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase that can then be secreted in a regulated fashion. Consistent with a kiss-and-run or cavicapture mode of secretion (Taraska, J. W., Perrais, D., Ohara-Imaizumi, M., Nagamatsu, S., and Almers, W. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100, 2070-2075), biotinylated prolactin was also retained by the cells and later released in response to secretagogues. Thus, pituitary cells can retrieve and reuse components of the machinery involved in the final stages of exocytosis (the SNAREs) as well as soluble and membrane granule proteins.
A thermodynamic study of the redox properties of supported Co particles

Abstract The redox properties of various Co catalysts were investigated in order to understand a deactivation process that has been reported for small Co particles in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS). Coulometric titration was used to measure the equilibrium isotherms for a series of Co catalysts, including bulk CoO x , 2-wt% Co on SBA-15, and several zirconia-supported Co (2- to 20-wt% Co) catalysts. TEM results demonstrate that the 2-wt% Co/SBA-15 consisted of particles that were less than 5 nm in diameter; but the thermodynamic properties were indistinguishable from that found for bulk Co, showing that the redox properties are not a function of particle size alone. For zirconia-supported samples with 2-wt% and 5-wt% Co, about half of the Co exhibited a significant shift to lower P(O 2 ) for the equilibrium state associated with the coexistence of CoO and Co, implying that interactions between CoO x and zirconia can affect the redox properties of Co and suggesting that a large fraction of the Co in these catalysts would be in the form of CoO on these samples under FTS conditions. With higher Co loadings, the equilibrium data was identical to that for bulk CoO x . For the 5-wt% Co/zirconia catalyst, the addition of 0.5-wt% Pd shifted the equilibrium back to that found with bulk CoO x , implying that Pd promoters are able to break up interactions between Co and zirconia.
Thermostructural analysis with experimental verification in a high heat flux facility of a simulated cowl lip

Three-dimensional FEM analyses using the NASTRAN and MARC codes have been used to predict the thermal and structural response of active cooling schemes proposed for a hypersonic vehicle's propulsion system cowl lip under high aerothermodynamic heating loads. In order to experimentally verify these analyses, a hydrogen/oxygen rocket engine has been modified to employ the exhaust stream as a high enthalpy/high heat flux source for the evaluation of various actively cooled, simulated cowl lip segments as well as flat structural segments.
Race is a Relationship, and not a Thing

The methods of class analysis remain vital for understanding and explaining racial processes. Social historians' exposure and exploration of the contingency, relationality, and contextuality of all historical processes remains unsurpassed and indispensable in understanding race, gender, sexuality, and imperialism, among the multiple historical formations "the cultural turn" rendered newly visible. Struggles to integrate analyses of race, gender, and other social dynamics into historical and theoretical accounts of class formation have deepened our understanding that all social formations have been fissured on multiple axes of power and the resources power commands. Racialized people were neither the sole nor necessarily the most visible "others" in these multiply stratified societies. Denouncing metropolitan populations as uniformly racist and imperialistic, thus implicitly white, may concede, participate in and reproduce racialized and colonized people's exclusion from these societies. Applying class analyses to racial processes instead exposes their contingent, protean and relational nature. Understanding racial formation as an historical process rather than a static, naturalized "category," as "a relationship, and not a thing" can rescue racial difference, racism, and the history of racialized people from the margins and ghettos of historical scholarship, placing them instead at the intersection of the multiple social processes shaping our history.
The excess enthalpies of 16 aromatic hydrocarbon + nitroalkane mixtures at 298.15 K

Abstract The excess enthalpies of the 16 binary aromatic hydrocarbon + nitroalkane mixtures formed from benzene, 1,4-dimethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and 1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene with nitromethane, nitroethane, 1-nitropropane, and 2-nitropropane at 298.15 K are reported. Two of the mixtures, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene + nitromethane and + 2-nitropropane, were also studied at 278.15 K. The C P E of these two mixtures was calculated. A lattice zero-order interchange enthalpy between the aromatic ring and nitro group was derived from the excess enthalpies.
Rotational spectrum and structure of the complex HCNCO2

Radiofrequency and microwave rotational spectra of the complexes HCN CO2 and DCN CO2 have been obtained using molecular beam electric resonance spectroscopy. The spectra are characteristic of prolate asymmetric rotors. The spectroscopic constants obtained are These are shown to be consistent with a C2v structure in which the nitrogen of the HCN bonds to the carbon of the CO2 with a weak bond length of 3.00 A. The HCN subunit subtends an average angle of 17.4 (2)° with the line joining the centers of mass of the two submolecules, and the average bending vibrational amplitude of the CO2 is 11(1)°. The difference between the average amplitudes of the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane bending vibrations of the HCN is less than 4°. The stretching force constant for the weak bond is 0.049 mdyne/A in HCNCO2, and the induced dipole moment is 0.361 D.
Critical-Algebra Coefficients for the Three-Dimensional Ising Model

High-temperature series expansions are used to test the reduction hypothesis of Kadanoff's operator algebra for the three-dimensional fcc Ising model with spin $s=\frac{3}{2},2,\ensuremath{\infty}$. Agreement with our data is convincing. Numerical values are given for the coupling coefficients between the order parameter $\ensuremath{\mu}$ and ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{3}$ and between between ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{2}$ and the local energy density.
Oxidizing alkyd ceramers

New inorganic/organic hybrid coatings known as ceramers were prepared using an oxidizing alkyd. Three sol-gel precursors, titanium(IV)-i-propoxide (TIP), titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) (TIA), and zirconium(IV)-n-propoxide (ZRP) were evaluated as a function of weight percent. The goal of this study was to formulate ceramer coatings which could be cured on a commercially viable time schedule. Overall, coating properties were found to be dependent on the type and amount of sol-gel precursor. The sol-gel precursor was also found to interact with the drier used to cure the alkyd.
Bereaved Hospice Caregivers' Views of the Transition to Hospice

This study was conducted to explore the communication process between patients, caregivers, and health care professionals, including social workers, through which the decision to choose hospice occurred. Ten bereaved hospice caregivers of patients over age 60 receiving home hospice services participated in this qualitative (phenomenological) study. They represented a range of patient and caregiver characteristics such as age, ethnicity, diagnoses, length of hospice service use, and caregiver relationship to patient. A semi-structured interview guide was used to capture key components in the end-of-life communication process, including discussions caregivers had with health care professionals regarding patients' diagnoses, prognoses, end-of-life care treatment options, and eventual referral to hospice. Themes that emerged included: involvement of health care professionals, relationship with physicians, involvement of patients in decisions, content of discussion, understanding of hospice, and suggestions for improvement. Physicians and social workers were noted to be most involved in the communication, decision making, and transition to hospice; however, a need exists for a more coordinated approach to discussing end-of-life care options with seriously ill patients and their families.
Declining birth rates and growing populations

Excitement over declining fertility in the Third World needs caution for several reasons. First, it is now too late to “solve” the world's population problem. Second, the common belief that the birth decline is widespread and is affecting virtually all developing nations goes beyond the data. Third, the notion that birth rates are declining with great speed is not true when the rate is measured against either urbanization or mortality decline. Fourth, a sample of countries indicates that the decline is now slowing rather than accelerating. Fifth, the idea that the declines are due mainly to family planning, and can therefore be assured of continuance in the future, seems unwarranted.
Detecting light-gluino-containing hadrons.

When supersymmetry breaking produces only dimension-2 operators, gluino and photino masses are of order 1 GeV or less. The $g\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{g}$ bound state has mass 1.3--2.2 GeV and lifetime $\ensuremath{\gtrsim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}--{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ s. This range of mass and lifetime is largely unconstrained because missing energy and beam dump techniques are ineffective. With only small modifications, upcoming ${K}^{0}$ decay experiments can study most of the interesting range. The lightest gluino-containing baryon $(\mathrm{uds}\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{g})$ is long lived or stable; experiments to find it and the $\mathrm{uud}\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{g}$ are also discussed.
Presolar graphite from the Murchison meteorite: Neon revisited

Abstract Presolar graphite carries an anomalous 22 Ne-rich component called Ne-E(L) and has a range of density (1.6–2.2 g/cm 3 ). Low-density graphite grains, characterized by 18 O excesses and Si isotopic anomalies, are believed to have formed in Type II supernovae. More than 40% of the low-density grains are enriched in 22 Ne. The 22 Ne is from the decay of 22 Na, but not from 22 Ne that was directly implanted onto the grains. This implies that grains formed in a few years after the explosion.
Fusion of anatomic and electrophysiologic information for image-guided neurosurgery

Cortical mapping is the process by which functional areas are identified on the cortex during neurosurgery. Normally, this can be accomplished on awakened patients by stimulating cortical areas and observing the patient's reaction. In cases involving displaced motor areas or patients not readily responding to stimulation, stimulating electrodes are replaced by recording electrode grids overlying the sensorimotor cortex. The electrode grid records evoked potentials generated in response to stimuli applied to peripheral nerves. Once the sensorimotor cortex is identified, the electrode grid is removed and functional information from the mapping phase is effectively lost. In this paper, we present a system designed to permit the visualization of the electrode grid on a volume-rendered image of the brain, to interactively label each electrode as 'sensory' or 'motor', and to maintain spatial correlation between the rendered images and physical space following cortical mapping. This system fuses anatomic and electrophysiologic information so that once the electrode grid is removed and tumor resection begins, functional information is not lost.
Cognitive complaints, depressive symptoms, and cognitive impairment: are they related?

Objectives: To examine whether concurrent depressive symptoms and self- and informant-reported cognitive impairments are related to cognitive complaints. Design: Longitudinal aging study of the relationship between depressive symptoms, reported cognitive impairments, and cognitive complaints. Mixed-effects regression models were used to determine whether scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) predicted cognitive complaints. The Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) assessed cognitive complaints. Setting: A community-dwelling sample in Baltimore, Maryland. Participants: One hundred five cognitively normal older individuals with a mean baseline age of 75 followed for an average of 4 years. Measurements: The CES-D measured depressive symptoms. The CDR Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) measured self- and informant-reported impairment, and the CFQ measured cognitive complaints. Results: Greater depressive symptoms and reported impairments are associated with higher CFQ scores. In addition, there was a significant interaction between depressive symptoms and reported impairment. Specifically, individuals without reported cognitive impairment had the strongest association between depressive symptoms and cognitive complaints. Finally, reported impairments interact with baseline age, suggesting that the relationship between reported impairments and cognitive complaints is strongest in individuals younger than 80. Conclusion: These findings confirm a relationship between reported cognitive impairment and cognitive complaints in older individuals and highlight the extent to which age and depressive symptoms account for variation in complaints. These factors should be considered when interpreting cognitive complaints in a clinical setting.