cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Creep and Creep Recovery Response of Load Cells Tested According to U.S. and International Evaluation Procedures.

The 60 min creep data from National Type Evaluation Procedure (NTEP) tests performed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) on 65 load cells have been analyzed in order to compare their creep and creep recovery responses, and to compare the 60 min creep with creep over shorter time periods. To facilitate this comparison the data were fitted to a multiple-term exponential equation, which adequately describes the creep and creep recovery responses of load cells. The use of such a curve fit reduces the effect of the random error in the indicator readings on the calculated values of the load cell creep. Examination of the fitted curves show that the creep recovery responses, after inversion by a change in sign, are generally similar in shape to the creep response, but smaller in magnitude. The average ratio of the absolute value of the maximum creep recovery to the maximum creep is 0.86; however, no reliable correlation between creep and creep recovery can be drawn from the data. The fitted curves were also used to compare the 60 min creep of the NTEP analysis with the 30 min creep and other parameters calculated according to the Organization Internationale de Metrologie Legale (OIML) R 60 analysis. The average ratio of the 30 min creep value to the 60 min value is 0.84. The OIML class C creep tolerance is less than 0.5 of the NTEP tolerance for classes III and III L.
A regional look at HANPP: human consumption is increasing, NPP is not

Abdi et al (2014 Environ. Res. Lett. 9 094003), have adapted the concept of comparing supply and demand of annual plant production known as human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP) to a region of the Sahel with rapid population growth. They found that HANPP more than doubled over the study period of 2000–2010, from 19% to 41%, suggesting increasing vulnerability of these populations to food insecurity.
Toxicity, Response Rates and Survival Outcomes of Induction Cisplatin and Irinotecan Followed by Concurrent Cisplatin, Irinotecan and Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer

Objective: Cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy is standard treatment for locally advanced esophageal and gastroesophageal cancers; however, the optimal chemotherapy regimen remains to be defined. Methods: Retrospective single institution analysis of toxicities, response rates and survival outcomes in patients with cT3-4 or N1/M1a esophageal squamous cell or adenocarcinoma treated with induction cisplatin and irinotecan followed by concurrent cisplatin, irinotecan and radiotherapy. Secondary analysis for association of disease control and outcomes with demographic, tumor and treatment factors (including histology). Results: Fifty-three patients were eligible for the present analysis. All patients underwent endoscopic ultrasonography and were either cT3-4 and/or cN1 disease. Fifty patients completed radiotherapy as planned (median dose 50.4 Gy, range 0‐61.2), and 35 patients completed four cycles of chemotherapy as planned (range 1‐4). Severe acute toxicities included Grade � 3 neutropenia and esophagitis in 13 and 12 patients, respectively. There were no Grade 5 (fatal) toxicities noted. At mean survivor follow-up of 24.5 months (range 2.7‐63), 17 patients were alive (8 without disease) and 36 deceased. Forty patients experienced disease recurrence, with initial loco-regional, distant or both failures in 28, 9 and 3 patients, respectively. Estimated 2-year overall survival and freedom from failure were 42 and 9%, respectively, without significant difference by histology. Conclusions: Cisplatin/irinotecan chemoradiotherapy is tolerable, demonstrating similar efficacy for squamous cell and adenocarcinoma esophageal cancers.
Equivalent circuit of multiplying d.a.c. using R-2R ladder network

An equivalent circuit of a multiplying digital-analogue convertor using a switched R-2R ladder is derived. This circuit consists of dependent sources, output resistance and capacitance, all digitally controlled. For a controlled voltage attenuator the multiplying d.a.c. model has been used to ensure the correct compensation of the practical multiplying d.a.c./opamp system.
Burst Unidirectional Error-Detecting Codes

Systematic codes capable of detecting burst unidrectional errors of length up to 2r−1using r check bits where r ≥ 3 are presented. Moreover, b-adjacent unidirectional error-detecting codes using [log 2 (b + 1)] check bits are also described. These codes are shown to be optimal or near optimal. The encoding/decoding and the totally self- checking checker design methods for these codes are also given.
Exploring Sentiment in Social Media: Bootstrapping Subjectivity Clues from Multilingual Twitter Streams

We study subjective language in social media and create Twitter-specific lexicons via bootstrapping sentiment-bearing terms from multilingual Twitter streams. Starting with a domain-independent, highprecision sentiment lexicon and a large pool of unlabeled data, we bootstrap Twitter-specific sentiment lexicons, using a small amount of labeled data to guide the process. Our experiments on English, Spanish and Russian show that the resulting lexicons are effective for sentiment classification for many underexplored languages in social media.
The Allocation of Limited Quantities of Variable Resources Among Competing Farm Enterprises

HE marginal conditions for determining the most profitable allocation of scarce resources among competing enterprises within the farm are well developed in production economics theory.' The empirical application of these conditions to a farm requires the estimation of production functions for the relevant crop and livestock enterprises and the derivation of the necessary marginal physical product equations. The latter are used, along with product and input prices, to determine the amounts of each variable resource that should be allocated to each farm
A STUDY ON JUVENILE COLORECTAL POLYP

1975年から2004年までの30年間に,当科で,手術または内視鏡的に摘出した23症例25個の若年性ポリープを対象に検討した.年齢は11カ月から12歳で男児15例,女児8例であった.症状は血便が20例,肛門からの脱出が7例,ポリープを先進部とした腸重積が2例,貧血が1例であった.治療は経肛門的ポリペクトミーを11例 (12回)に,内視鏡的ポリペクトミーを10例に,開腹摘出を1例に,母親による用手的摘出後止血術を1例に施行した.存在部位は直腸に15個と最も多く,次いでS状結腸が5個であった. 2例で異時性に, 1例で同時性に存在した.若年性ポリープは腸重積や貧血の原因となる可能性があり,癌化症例の報告もあるために,診断が付き次第切除する必要がある.
A partially folded conformation is not the only requirement for import of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase

Limited proteolysis and binding to GroEL were used to probe the conformations of the nascent mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase synthesized in reticulocyte lysate and the denatured protein refoldingin vitro.Results suggest that the conformations of the partially folded proteins are similar. The GroEL—bound, refolding precursor can be imported into mitochondria in the presence of reticulocyte lysate but not in its absence. This suggests that a partially folded conformation alone is insufficient for import and that reticulocyte lysate factors are also needed.
The role of the chair's spouse in academic departments of family medicine.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Family medicine has the highest percentage of unfilled budgeted faculty positions of all clinical and basic science departments. To successfully recruit and retain academic leaders, personal and professional issues need to be recognized and valued. This study reports the results of a national survey of chairs and an important, often overlooked factor in recruitment and retention--the spouse of the department chair. METHODS Questionnaires were sent to 107 chairs of academic departments or divisions of family medicine and their spouses. RESULTS There was a usable response rate of 86%, and data from 85 questionnaires (79%) were analyzed. The spouses' highest role priority was family, perhaps reflecting their relatively young mean age of 48.6 years. There was a statistically significant correlation between those who were "oriented" to the role of chair's spouse and a higher level of participation in departmental activities. Data are also reported on spouse role satisfaction, expectations, and factors in deciding to stay or leave their current location. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that with the increased competition for family physicians in a multitude of practice settings, search committees for family medicine department chairs need to be innovative and attentive to personal as well as professional factors in recruiting and retaining future and current department chairs. It would be prudent to acknowledge the role of the spouse in decisions concerning job selection and satisfaction.
Teaching secure coding for beginning programmers

The recent addition of the Information Assurance and Security (IAS) Knowledge Area (KA) to the ACM/IEEE draft Computer Science Curricula 2013 indicates the importance of preparing computer science graduates to design and implement secure software. We have identified material in the Information Assurance and Security/Defensive Programming KA that can easily be taught to beginning programmers. In this paper, we recommended secure coding topics based on our experience in teaching secure coding in CS0/CS1 courses. We discussed how these topics can be mapped to IAS Knowledge Areas, as well as the unique challenges of teaching secure coding to beginning programmers. We also point out some behaviors of beginning programmers leading to insecure programs that may need the instructor's attention. The information reported in this paper will help other computer science educators to incorporate secure coding into their CS0/CS1 courses. Our future work includes designing more assessment tools to evaluate beginning programmer's learning of secure coding.
Power and Effect Size in Sample Size Selection for Proportions

In experiments with three or more treatments in which individudal test of differences in treatment proportions are to be made, the question arises of how to determine individual treatment sample sizes that will minimize sampling costs while controlling for power and effect size. This general sample size selection question was formulated as a continuous convex programming problem. Optimal sample sizes were obtained with less than one minute of run time for a formulation of a sample size selection problem under typical experimental research conditions.
On the nature of the and surface bonding

Abstract The nature of sulfate-Ag(111) and sulfate-Au(111) surface bonding has been investigated at the SCF + MP2 level of theory. Convergence of binding energy with cluster size is investigated and, unlike neutral adsorbates, large clusters are required in order to obtain reliable binding energies. In the most stable adsorption mode, sulfate binds to the surface via three oxygen atoms (C 3v symmetry) with a binding energy of 159.3 kcal/mol on Ag(111) and 143.9 kcal/mol on Au(111). The geometry of adsorbed sulfate was optimized at the SCF level. While the bond length between sulfur and the oxygens coordinated to the surface increases, the sulfur-uncoordinated oxygen bond length decreases. This weakening and strengthening of the bonds, respectively, is consistent with bond order conservation in adsorbates on metal surfaces. Although a charge transfer of 0.4 electrons towards the metal is observed, the adsorbate remains very much sulfate-like. The molecular orbital analysis indicates that there is also some charge back-donation towards unoccupied orbitals of sulfate. This results in an increased electron density around sulfur as revealed in the electron density difference maps. Analysis of the Laplacian of the charge density of free sulfate provides a suitable framework to understand the nature of the different charge transfer processes and allows us to establish some similarities with the CO- and SO 2 -metal bondings.
Retreat from Marriage

Stable marriages have long provided emotional well-being and economic stability to couples and children. However, in the west there has been a continued, gradual decrease in marriage rates and since the 1970s an increase in divorce rates; these changes have been coupled with increases in nonmarital cohabitation and nonmarital childbearing, higher typical age at first marriage, and same-sex marriages, which have together resulted in a phenomenon referred to as the “retreat from marriage.” Other changes reflected in the “retreat” include changes in the division of labor in marriages, and acceptance of “no-fault” divorce laws. The retreat from marriage has a different effect on black women than on any other racial or gender grouping in the United States. More observations are needed to determine whether the retreat from marriage has ended and the rate of marriage stabilized or whether future changes in societies will negatively affect marriage rates. Keywords: African American; cohabitation; divorce; gender; nonmarital birth
Tetrazole-Based trans-Translation Inhibitors Kill Bacillus anthracis Spores To Protect Host Cells

ABSTRACT Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, remains a significant threat to humans, including potential use in bioterrorism and biowarfare. The capacity to engineer strains with increased pathogenicity coupled with the ease of disseminating lethal doses of B. anthracis spores makes it necessary to identify chemical agents that target and kill spores. Here, we demonstrate that a tetrazole-based trans -translation inhibitor, KKL-55, is bactericidal against vegetative cells of B. anthracis in culture. Using a fluorescent analog, we show that this class of compounds colocalizes with developing endospores and bind purified spores in vitro . KKL-55 was effective against spores at concentrations close to its MIC for vegetative cells. Spore germination was inhibited at 1.2× MIC, and spores were killed at 2× MIC. In contrast, ciprofloxacin killed germinants at concentrations close to its MIC but did not prevent germination even at 32× MIC. Because toxins are released by germinants, macrophages infected by B. anthracis spores are killed early in the germination process. At ≥2× MIC, KKL-55 protected macrophages from death after infection with B. anthracis spores. Ciprofloxacin required concentrations of ≥8× MIC to exhibit a similar effect. Taken together, these data indicate that KKL-55 and related tetrazoles are good lead candidates for therapeutics targeting B. anthracis spores and suggest that there is an early requirement for trans -translation in germinating spores.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 tracer [18F]-FPEB displays increased binding potential in postcentral gyrus and cerebellum of male individuals with autism: a pilot PET study.

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is first manifested during early childhood. Postmortem experiments have identified significantly elevated expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in cerebellar vermis and prefrontal cortex of individuals with autism. In the current study we employed the mGluR5 tracer [18F]-3-fluoro-5-[(pyridin-3-yl)ethynyl]benzonitrile ([18F]-FPEB) to quantify mGluR5 binding in vivo in adults with autism vs. healthy controls using positron emission tomography (PET). We identified significantly higher [18F]-FPEB binding potential in the postcentral gyrus and cerebellum of individuals with autism. There was a significant negative correlation between age and [18F]-FPEB binding potential in the cerebellum but not in the postcentral gyrus. In the precuneus, [18F]-FPEB binding potential correlated positively with the lethargy subscale score for the Aberrant Behavioral Checklist (ABC). In cerebellum, there were significant negative correlations between [18F]-FPEB binding potential and ABC total score, ABC hyperactivity subscale score, and the ABC inappropriate speech subscale score. These novel findings demonstrate for the first time that mGluR5 binding is altered in critical brain areas of subjects with autism, suggesting abnormal glutamate signaling in these regions. Finally, the correlations between altered [18F]-FPEB binding potential in the cerebellum and precuneus suggest that some autistic symptoms may be influenced by abnormal glutamate signaling.
Radiant Heat Transfer Capabilities of Activewear Fabrics Analyzed by Infrared Thermography

Clothing provides a layer of insulation for the human body and inflicts a barrier to heat transfer between the skin surface and the external environment, which can complicate the body’s thermoregulatory function (Stapleton, Hardcastle, & Kenny, 2011). Therefore, many garments have been designed in the apparel industry with the purpose of providing enhanced heat dissipation, moisture management, and overall thermal comfort when worn during circumstances promoting heat stress, such as engagement in physical activity while in heated environments (Fohr, Couton, & Treguier, 2002).
Science, Politics, and Public Perceptions of Climate Change

Recent research has demonstrated that climate change continues to occur, and in several aspects, the magnitude and rapidity of observed changes frequently exceed the estimates of earlier projections, such as those published in 2007 by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in its Fourth Assessment Report. Measurements show that the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are losing mass and contributing to sea-level rise. Arctic sea ice has melted more rapidly than climate models had predicted. Global sea-level rise may exceed 1 m by 2100, with a rise of up to 2 m considered possible. Global carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels are increasing rather than decreasing. This chapter summarizes recent research findings and notes that many countries have agreed on the aspirational goal of limiting global warming to 2°C above nineteenth-century “preindustrial” temperatures, in order to have a reasonable chance for avoiding dangerous human-caused climate change. Setting such a goal is a political decision. However, science shows that achieving this goal requires that global greenhouse gas emissions must peak within the next decade and then decline rapidly. Although the expert scientific community is in wide agreement on the basic results of climate change science, much confusion persists among the general public and politicians in many countries. To date, little progress has been made toward reducing global emissions.
Magnetic resonance imaging of Takayasu's aortitis in an infant

A fusiform aneurysm involving the ascending aorta and aortic arch in an 8-month-old infant was imaged with magnetic resonance. Histologic studies of the excised aneurysm indicated Takayasu's arteritis. Takayasu's arteritis has rarely been reported in infants, and involvement of the ascending aorta and aortic arch is an unusual finding in this age group.
Advanced Operations for Maps in Spatial Databases

Maps are a fundamental spatial concept capable of representing and storing large amounts of information in a visual form. Map operations have been studied and rigorously defined in the literature; however, we identify a new class of map join operations which cannot be completed using existing operations. We then consider existing operations involving connectivity concepts, and extend this class of operations by defining new, more complex operations that take advantage of the connectivity properties of maps.
Impact of Site Release Vaginal pH Buffer Cream on Introital Colonization by Gram-Negative Bacilli

AbstractColonization of the vaginal introitus by gram-negative bacilli is a critical event in the pathogenesis of bacteriuria and is promoted by an abnormal pH elevation. To determine whether a pH reduction might inhibit colonization we conducted a placebo controlled, crossover study of a site release vaginal pH buffer cream. A total of 12 premenopausal women with a history of urinary tract infection participated in the 12-week investigation. The mean introital pH during application of the placebo and buffer was 4.87 and 4.61, respectively (p <0.01). However, the percentage of positive introital cultures during application of the placebo and buffer (40.3 and 35.3, respectively) and the mean density of colonization (23,600 and 22,700 bacteria per ml., respectively) were not significantly different. The percentage of positive introital cultures and the mean colonization density were also not different during application of the placebo and buffer when the patients were retrospectively stratified as light and...
Coordinate Methods for Accelerating ℓ∞ Regression and Faster Approximate Maximum Flow

In this paper we provide faster algorithms for approximately solving l_∞ regression, a fundamental problem prevalent in both combinatorial and continuous optimization. In particular we provide an accelerated coordinate descent method which converges in k iterations at a O(1/k) rate independent of the dimension of the problem, and whose iterations can be implemented cheaply for many structured matrices. Our algorithm can be viewed as an alternative approach to the recent breakthrough result of Sherman [She17] which achieves a similar running time improvement over classic algorithmic approaches, i.e. smoothing and gradient descent, which either converge at a O(1/√k) rate or have running times with a worse dependence on problem parameters. Our running times match those of [She17] across a broad range of parameters and in certain cases, improves upon it. We demonstrate the efficacy of our result by providing faster algorithms for the well-studied maximum flow problem. We show how to leverage our algorithm to achieve a runtime of O(m + √ns/e) to compute an e-approximate maximum flow, for an undirected graph with m edges, n vertices, and where s is the squared l_2 norm of the congestion of any optimal flow. As s = O(m) this yields a running time of O(m + √nm/e), generically improving upon the previous best known runtime of O(m/e) in [She17] whenever the graph is slightly dense. Moreover, we show how to leverage this result to achieve improved exact algorithms for maximum flow on a variety of unit capacity graphs. We achieve these results by providing an accelerated coordinate descent method capable of provably exploiting dynamic measures of coordinate smoothness for smoothed versions of l_∞ regression. Our analysis leverages the structure of the Hessian of the smoothed problem via a simple bound on its trace, as well as techniques for exploiting column sparsity of the constraint matrix for faster sampling and improved smoothness estimates. We hope that the work of this paper can serve as an important step towards achieving even faster maximum flow algorithms.
Improving Security Behavior Through Better Security Message Comprehension: fMRI and Eye-Tracking Insights

Security warnings are critical to help users make contextual security decisions. Unfortunately, users find these warnings hard to understand, and they routinely expose themselves to unintended risks as a result. Although it is straightforward to determine when users fail to understand a warning, it is more difficult to pinpoint why this happens. The goal of this research is to use eye tracking and fMRI to step through the building blocks of comprehension—attention, semantics, syntax, and pragmatics—for SSL and other common security warnings. Through this process, we will identify ways to design security warnings to be more easily understood.
K-12 online learning journal articles: trends from two decades of scholarship

In this study, we examined the research literature in the field of K-12 online learning to identify the leading scholars, journals, top cited articles, research methods, and topics in this field of...
Oedipality and oedipal complexes reconsidered: On the incest taboo as key to the universality of the human condition.

Oedipality is generally understood as the individual’s journey through eroticized attachments with those performing maternal and paternal functions. This has evoked understandable resistance, and a...
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Porous Aggregates of CuS Nanoparticles for Sunlight Photocatalysis

Solvated two-dimensional nanosheets of copper hydroxy dodecylsulfate in 1-butanol react with thiourea under microwave irradiation to yield surfactant-free porous aggregates of CuS nanoparticles. These aggregates exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity toward degradation of methylene blue, methyl orange, and 4-chlorophenol in natural sunlight. While the high surface area (14.74 m2 g–1) and porosity increase the active reaction centers for adsorption and degradation of organic molecules, quantum confinement results in a low recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. Chemical and photogenerated hydroxyl radicals cause the oxidation of the dyes and 4-chlorophenol.
Formal specification and verification of user-centric privacy policies for ubiquitous systems

As our society has become more information oriented, each individual is expressed, defined, and impacted by information and information technology. While valuable, the current state-of-the-art mostly are designed to protect the enterprise/ organizational privacy requirements and leave the main actor, i.e., the user, un-involved or with the limited ability to have control over his/her information sharing practices. In order to overcome these limitations, algorithms and tools that provide a user-centric privacy management system to individuals with different privacy concerns are required to take into the consideration the dynamic nature of privacy policies which are constantly changing based on the information sharing context and environmental variables. This paper extends the concept of contextual integrity to provide mathematical models and algorithms that enables the creations and management of privacy norms for individual users. The extension includes the augmentation of environmental variables, i.e. time, date, etc. as part of the privacy norms, while introducing an abstraction and a partial relation over information attributes. Further, a formal verification technique is proposed to ensure privacy norms are enforced for each information sharing action.
Shifting From Wellness at Work to Wellness in Work: Interrogating the Link Between Stress and Organization While Theorizing a Move Toward Wellness-in-Practice:

Guided by the theoretical underpinnings of the whole-person approach to wellness, we critique and adapt this framework to explain the combined complexities of organizational stress and wellness com...
Feasibility and Impact of a Student-Led, Semi-Structured, Near-Peer Student Guides Program on Navigating Through Medical School

Mentorship is critical to developing health professionals. Near-peer mentorship pairs senior mentors with junior peers to help navigate academic, professional, and social aspects of training. In this convergent parallel mixed methods study, we assessed the feasibility, usability, professional and social impact, and barriers to implementation of a 16-week semi-structured, near-peer, student guides program involving 39 first year medical students (MS1s) and 41 fourth year medical students (MS4s). Student enrollment was quantified, guide-guidee meetings tracked, and > 2 meetings defined as feasible. Meeting topics, impact on student advising, and barriers to sustainability were contextualized qualitatively. Twenty-two percent of all MS4s and 46% of MS1s enrolled in the program; 67% of guides facilitated the requisite two meetings with their group, which was less than our predetermined feasibility criteria of 75%. Most guide-guidee interactions occurred in person (91%), but text messages (82%) and video/mobile messaging apps (78%) were also used. Ninety-two percent of guidees recommended the program, and 85% were satisfied with guidance received. Barriers included meeting coordination, infrequent meetings, and informal meeting structure. While the program was infeasible by predefined frequency criteria, participant satisfaction was high and academic, professional, and social benefits of near-peers were reported. In response, programmatic revisions now incorporate centralized support for meetings, e-mentorship, and guide training.
AgasedViz : visualizing groundwater availability of Ogallala Aquifer, USA

Water plays an immensely important role in human life, from household to agriculture and industrial development. Due to the heavy utilization and growing demands of water, the availability of water has become a high priority. Besides sources of surface water, such as streams, lakes, and rivers, aquifers are a significant source of water on Earth through the essential groundwater supply. In the United States, the Ogallala Aquifer, a primary geologic unit of the High Plains Aquifer System, is under massive exploitation, and the water level has decreased substantially. Analysis of the saturated thickness of this aquifer is urgently essential. Thus, an interactive visual analytics tool is necessary to enable users to visualize water availability and variation overtime at multiple locations within the region. Our interactive analytic tool carries out this by first retrieving and processing the data derived from the saturated thickness of groundwater using sensors integrated into the wells. Subsequently, a visualization consisting of a contour map and a time series heatmap is created based on the sensor data, to capture the trends and patterns, such as underground water distribution, spatial and temporal changes, and sudden decreases or increases of the water level. The visual components allow users to explore observational data, which organize the visual structure in supporting making an inference to gain insights. insights. This approach can be extended to apply for any geographic areas for water-level monitoring and controlling.
Augmented fidelities for single qubit gates

An average gate fidelity is a standard performance metric to quantify deviation between an ideal unitary gate transformation and its realistic experimental implementation. The average is taken with respect to states uniformly distributed over the full Hilbert space. We analytically (single qubit) and numerically (two qubit) show how this average changes if the uniform distribution condition is relaxed, replaced by parametrized distributions---polar cap and von Mises--Fisher distributions---and how the resulting fidelities can differentiate certain noise models. In particular, we demonstrate that Pauli channels with different noise rates along the three axes can be faithfully distinguished using these augmented fidelities.
Fiction meets the near future

In Burn-In, their second novel, coauthors Peter Warren Singer and August Cole—both renowned technology and policy experts— come close to perfecting the genre of educational and informative techno-thriller. Like their first such collaboration, this latest entry portrays a world in which conventional aspects of domestic security and law enforcement—combating terrorism, managing protests and social upheavals, tracking a serial killer, providing a secure environment on college campuses—all occur within a transformative technological context that both enables and simultaneously disrupts these myriad objectives.
From Expertise to Effectiveness: A Content Analysis of Islamic State Legitimation

The U.K., U.S., and Canada have all sponsored countering violent extremism (CVE)campaigns focused on preventing terrorist recruitment from the West (Mitts, forth-coming). However, individuals in the Global North are still joining terrorist groups.Studies have shown that many Islamic State foreign fighters came from high-incomecountries with high levels of economic development, low levels of income inequality,and well-developed social and political institutions. This shows that despite the bestefforts of the CVE campaigns to prevent participation in terrorism, individuals willstill join such groups. Additionally, given the abrogating representation of terrorism inthe media and the stigma that surrounds terrorism, it is difficult to see why individualswould want to join terrorist groups.
Midterm outcomes of pulmonary artery sling repair with and without tracheoplasty.

Objective: Review a single-centre experience with pulmonary artery sling repair and evaluate risk factors for re-intervention. Methods: Patients with surgically repaired pulmonary artery sling at a single institution between 1996 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. A univariate Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate variables for association with freedom from re-intervention. Results: Eighteen patients had pulmonary artery sling repair. At operation, median age and weight were 6.9 months (interquartile range 4.1–18.1) and 9.5 kg (interquartile range 6.5–14.5), respectively. A median hospital length of stay was 12 days (interquartile range 5.8–55.3). Twelve patients (67%) had complete tracheal rings, of whom six (50%) underwent tracheoplasty (five concurrently with pulmonary artery sling repair). Airway re-intervention was required in five (83%) of the six patients who underwent tracheoplasty. One patient had intraoperative diagnosis and repair of pulmonary artery sling during unrelated lesion repair and required tracheoplasty 24 days post-operatively. One patient died 55 days after pulmonary artery sling repair and tracheoplasty following multiple arrests and re-interventions. Median post-operative follow-up for surviving patients was 6.3 years (interquartile range 11 months–13 years), at which time freedom from re-intervention was 61%. When controlling for patient and tracheal size, initial tracheoplasty was associated with decreased freedom from re-intervention (hazard ratio 21.9, 95% confidence interval 1.7–284.3, p = 0.018). Conclusions: In patients with pulmonary artery sling, tracheoplasty is associated with decreased freedom from re-intervention. In select patients with pulmonary artery sling and complete tracheal rings, conservative management without tracheoplasty is feasible. Further study is necessary to delineate objective indications for tracheoplasty.
The Death and Resurrection of the Album Cover

The recording industry is facing yet another pivotal moment of redefinition. Imagery has been one of its key elements, whether through graphic design, album art design, posters, videos and applications for digital devices. Throughout the more than hundred years of existence, music and images have shared a common space, in an ever-changing and evolving relationship. The main goal of the paper is to present how album cover design has expanded its boundaries far beyond its initial rol in the music industry, to trespass now into the textile, decoration and popular culture industries. We also aim to prove the evolution of the album cover and its reinterpreattion as objects of popular culture. Therefore, the paper is divided in three acts. We begin explaining the origin, evolution and significance of the discographic design from the outset of the industry. In the following act, we explain the death of the album cover due to the crisis experienced by the industry in the nineties. The final act studies the surprising comeback of the format, yet in another context, possessed with a much more symbolic function. This resurrection is part of the vinyl revival, pushed by elite consumers who are now looking for something else in music, apart from the music itself. As a result, we will witness how record covers have migrated from their original function and are now part of the realm of popular culture.
Serotonin Toxicity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cases

Objectives: Serotonin toxicity is a state of central nervous system (CNS) excitation classically featuring altered mental status, neuromuscular excitation, and autonomic instability. While retrospe...
A review on powertrain subsystems and charging technology in battery electric vehicles: Current and future trends:

The transport industry is a major contributor to both local pollution and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). The key challenge today is to mitigate the adverse impacts on the environment caused by ro...
Point-of-Care Ultrasound Diagnosis of High Flow Priapism.

Abstract Background Priapism can be categorized as low flow or high flow. Low flow priapism is a compartment syndrome and requires immediate treatment to avoid long-term ischemic damage. Alternatively, high flow priapism is not an emergent condition and can be managed as an outpatient. The diagnosis has traditionally been made via cavernosal blood gas analysis; however, this is painful and can cause iatrogenic harm. Case Report We present a case of high flow priapism whereby point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) identified the presence of pulsatile cavernosal arterial flow to confirm the diagnosis. This is the first case report in the emergency medicine literature to highlight the utility of POCUS in the diagnosis and management of high flow priapism. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Low flow priapism accounts for 95% of cases and is a urologic emergency requiring immediate invasive intervention. High flow priapism is much less common and does not require emergent management. While blood gas analysis can differentiate between high and low flow priapism, POCUS is a rapid, noninvasive, accurate diagnostic means to identify the presence or absence of cavernosal pulsatile arterial flow.
Hydrocarbon chain disorder in lipid bilayers. Temperature dependent Raman spectra of 1,2-diacyl phosphatidylcholine-water gels.

Abstract Vibrational Raman spectra of multilayers of 1,2-dimyristoyl, 1,2-dipalmitoyl and 1,2-distearoyl phosphatidylcholine were recorded as a function of temperature for the gel phase from −180° C to values slightly below the pretransition temperature. Temperature profiles for band intensity ratios involving the acyl chain C-C stretching modes define a characteristic temperature Tg which denotes the onset of hydrocarbon chain trans-gauche isomerization in the gel. Tg for the dimyristoyl (C14 chain lengths), dipalmitoyl (C16 chain lengths) and distearoyl (C18 chain lengths) systems are approximately −40, −40 and 5°C, respectively. The higher Tg value for distearoyl phosphatidylcholine is associated with increasing interactions between the terminal chain areas of the individual monolayers forming the bilayer unit. This increased interaction between bilayer halves is presumably a consequence of the larger angle through which the hydrocarbon chains are tilted in the C18 phospholipid gel. Temperature-dependent peak height intensities for the 2800–3000 C-H stretching region provide convenient probes for quantitatively describing the increase in lateral chain packing disorder as the gel assemblies are warmed. The temperature profiles for various methylene mode peak height ratios indicate that both the inter- (lateral packing) and intramolecular (trans-gauche) disordering processes are related and are initiated at nearly the same temperatures for each lipid system. Increases in the van 't Hoff enthalpies which result from the disordering of the lipid gel matrix by a lattice expansion were estimated for the C14, C16 and C18 phospholipids to be approximately 1.5, 1.2 and 3.2 kcal/ mol, respectively.
Book Review: Placing the Suspect behind the Keyboard: Using Digital Forensics and Investigative Techniques to Identify Cybercrime Suspects

Shavers, B. (2013). Placing the Suspect behind the Keyboard: Using Digital Forensics and Investigative Techniques to Identify Cybercrime Suspects. Waltham, MA: Elsevier, 290 pages, ISBN-978-1-59749-985-9, US$51.56. Includes bibliographical references and index. Reviewed by Detective Corporal Thomas Nash ( tnash@bpdvt.org ), Burlington Vermont Police Department, Internet Crime against Children Task Force. Adjunct Instructor, Champlain College, Burlington VT. In this must read for any aspiring novice cybercrime investigator as well as the seasoned professional computer guru alike, Brett Shaver takes the reader into the ever changing and dynamic world of Cybercrime investigation. Shaver, an experienced criminal investigator, lays out the details and intricacies of a computer related crime investigation in a clear and concise manner in his new easy to read publication, Placing the Suspect behind the Keyboard. Using Digital Forensics and Investigative techniques to Identify Cybercrime Suspect s . Shaver takes the reader from start to finish through each step of the investigative process in well organized and easy to follow sections, with real case file examples to reach the ultimate goal of any investigation: identifying the suspect and proving their guilt in the crime. Do not be fooled by the title. This excellent, easily accessible reference is beneficial to both criminal as well as civil investigations and should be in every investigator’s library regardless of their respective criminal or civil investigative responsibilities. (see PDF for full review)
Unmasking recurrent excitation generated by mossy fiber sprouting in the epileptic dentate gyrus: an emergent property of a complex system

Seizure-induced sprouting of the mossy fiber pathway in the dentate gyrus has been observed nearly universally in experimental models of limbic epilepsy and in the epileptic human hippocampus. The observation of progressive mossy fiber sprouting induced by kindling demonstrated that even a few repeated seizures are sufficient to alter synaptic connectivity and circuit organization. As it is now recognized that seizures induce synaptic reorganization in hippocampal and cortical pathways, the implications of seizure-induced synaptic reorganization for circuit properties and function have been subjects of intense interest. Detailed anatomical characterization of the sprouted mossy fiber pathway has revealed that the overwhelming majority of sprouted synapses in the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus form recurrent excitatory connections, and are thus likely to contribute to recurrent excitation and potentially to enhanced susceptibility to seizures. Nevertheless, difficulties in detecting functional abnormalities in circuits reorganized by mossy fiber sprouting and the fact that some sprouted axons appear to form synapses with inhibitory interneurons have been cited as evidence that sprouting may not contribute to seizure susceptibility, but could form recurrent inhibitory circuits and be a compensatory response to prevent seizures. Quantitative analysis of the synaptic connections of the sprouted mossy fiber pathway, assessment of the functional features of sprouted circuitry using reliable physiological measures, and the perspective of complex systems analysis of neural circuits strongly support the view that the functional effects of the recurrent excitatory circuits formed by mossy fiber sprouting after seizures or injury emerge only conditionally and intermittently, as observed with spontaneous seizures in human epilepsy. The recognition that mossy fiber sprouting is induced after hippocampal injury and seizures and contributes conditionally to emergence of recurrent excitation has provided a conceptual framework for understanding how injury and seizure-induced circuit reorganization may contribute to paroxysmal network synchronization, epileptogenesis, and the consequences of repeated seizures, and thus has had a major influence on understanding of fundamental aspects of the epilepsies.
Carnitine-dependent β Oxidation of Prostaglandins

Abstract The oxygen polarograph was used to follow prostaglandin oxidation by rat liver mitochondria. This system exhibits an absolute requirement for exogenous carnitine and ATP, in contrast to the oxidation of prostanoyl carnitine which is stimulated by ADP in a very similar manner to palmityl carnitine. Prostaglandin E1, prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F1α, prostaglandin F2α, prostaglandin A2, and 15-dehydroprostaglandin E2 exhibited ADP:O ratios in the range of 1.3 to 2.0, which is typical of normal fatty acids. Our data thus indicate that prostaglandins utilize the common carnitine-dependent system for the β oxidation of long chain fatty acids.
Biosocial Foundations of Family Processes by A. Booth, S. M. McHale, and N. S. Landale

Recent theoretical and methodological innovations have generated rapid integration of social and biological theories and data on family processes.This timely volume, based on papers from the Sevent...
Fluorine Compounds, Inorganic, Ammonium

There are two fluoride salts of ammonia: ammonium fluoride, principally a laboratory reagent, and ammonium bifluoride, used primarily as a less hazardous substitute for hydrofluoric acid. In addition to frosting glass, uses of the bifluoride include removing scale from boiler tubes and defouling oil wells. Properties, manufacture, and applications are described. Lithium fluoride resembles the alkaline-earth fluorides more closely than the alkali metal fluorides. It is used primarily in the ceramics industry. Properties and manufacture are described. Magnesium fluoride has a very low chemical reactivity and high optical transparency. It finds application in uv windows. Properties and manufacture are described. The two stable potassium fluoride salts, potassium fluoride and potassium bifluoride, both have commercial value. The former as a flux, in electroplating, and in synthesis; the latter as a flux and in the manufacture of fluorine. Properties and manufacture are described.
Groundbased Radar Investigations of Asteroids and Planetary Satellites

Radar is a powerful source of information about the physical and dynamical properties of solar system bodies. Radar-detected targets include the Moon, Mercury, Mars, Venus, Phobos, Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, Titan, Iapetus, Saturn's rings, eight comets, and 179 asteroids (75 main-belt and 104 near-Earth). This talk offers a perspective on the disc-integrated radar properties of solar system bodies and then turns to what radar remote sensing can tell us about asteroids using spatially-resolved measurements.
All digital transistor high gain operational amplifier using positive feedback technique

New all digital-transistor CMOS very high DC-gain amplifiers that use internal positive-feedback technique are presented. These structures don't require perfect matching of transistors to achieve the very high DC gain, and have a very low gain sensitivity to output swing. An implementation of a sample and hold circuit constructed using one of the proposed amplifiers is described. Special layout pattern is used to cut the parasitic capacitance.
Retail Vacancy Rates: The Influence of National and Local Economic Conditions

Executive Summary. This study examines the extent to which local retail vacancy rates are influenced by vacancy rates in surrounding communities versus the overall national vacancy rate in the reta...
Symmetry in network coding

We establish connections between graph theoretic symmetry, symmetries of network codes, and symmetries of rate regions for k-unicast network coding and multi-source network coding. We identify a group we call the network symmetry group as the common thread between these notions of symmetry and characterize it as a subgroup of the automorphism group of a directed cyclic graph appropriately constructed from the underlying network's directed acyclic graph. Such a characterization allows one to obtain the network symmetry group using algorithms for computing automorphism groups of graphs. We discuss connections to generalizations of Chen and Yeung's partition symmetrical entropy functions and how knowledge of the network symmetry group can be utilized to reduce the complexity of computing the LP outer bounds on network coding capacity as well as the complexity of polyhedral projection for computing rate regions.