cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cefepime Intravenous Push Versus Intravenous Piggyback on Time to Administration of First-Dose Vancomycin in the Emergency Department:

Study Objective:The combination of cefepime and vancomycin is commonly used as an empiric antimicrobial regimen. Time to first-dose antibiotics is associated with survival benefit. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether cefepime intravenous push (IVP) is associated with a shorter time to vancomycin administration in the emergency department (ED) compared with cefepime intravenous piggyback (IVPB) infusion.Methods:This was a retrospective chart review of records of patients who were treated with the vancomycin–cefepime combination in the ED.Results:A total of 1071 charts from April 2013 to January 2015 were reviewed. Included in the pre-(IVBP) group was 536 subjects and 535 subjects in the post-(IVP) group. The indications for antibiotic therapy were sepsis alone (28.3%), pneumonia alone (30.7%), sepsis with pneumonia (36.5%), and other (4.6%). The median time from administration of cefepime to vancomycin were 63.5 minutes and 2.0 minutes in the IVPB and IVP cohorts, respectively (P < .001).Con...
Unusual Neoplasms Detected in Testis Cancer Patients Undergoing Post-Chemotherapy Retroperitoneal Lymphadenectomy

AbstractApproximately 30% of patients with disseminated testis cancer who receive platinum-based chemotherapy will experience normalization of tumor markers but have persistent, radiographically evident disease in the retroperitoneum. These patients usually undergo retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Of 557 patients undergoing post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection at our university medical center 45 (8.1%) had neoplastic elements distinct from the classical germ cell tumor types within the resected specimens. Examples include various sarcomas in 19 patients (3.7%), other nonsarcomatous nongerm cell cancers in 18 (3.2%) and cystic atypical choriocarcinoma in 8 (1.4%). No distinct patient characteristics or histological patterns in the primary tumor are predictive of these unusual findings in the retroperitoneal lymph node dissection specimen, although sampling error in the orchiectomy specimen could be the reason for this lack of correlation. Surgical resection of these chemoresistant ...
Intertemporal risk-return tradeoff in the short-run

Abstract We hypothesize that good (bad) market news causes overpricing (underpricing) in the short-term, thereby inducing a weak or negative (significantly positive) intertemporal risk-return tradeoff. We verify this asymmetry through the indirect relation of a weak or positive association between excess market returns and contemporaneous volatility innovations conditional on good news, and a significantly negative relation conditional on bad news. We also show that the inclusion of a price adjustment term is critical for reliable estimation of the intertemporal risk-return relation.
Correlates of work status during adjuvant chemo- or radiation therapy for breast cancer.

6556Background: Low-income breast cancer patients who take time off during adjuvant therapy are at increased risk of long-term job loss. The reasons why some women do not work during treatment are ...
Imagining Global Non-violent Consciousness

Wahlrab explores the understudied question of the function of the global imaginary to facilitate the rise of a global non-violent consciousness. By summarizing the tension in the literature between advocates of the national imaginary and the global imaginary, Wahlrab shows that non-violent social movements imagine themselves to be challenges to national forces and global forces. He also suggests that the national imaginary is not enough to explain the interconnected wave of non-violent protests that erupted in 2010. ‘Imagining Global Non-violent Consciousness’ finds that non-violent political activists from across the globe acknowledge their kindred relationship with each other and endeavor to support the flourishing of local and global social justice.
Supartz (Sodium Hyaluronate) for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Review of Efficacy and Safety.

As concerns about the safety of systemic oral pharmacologic treatments for knee osteoarthritis (OA) mount, clinicians have increased the use of intra-articular hyaluronic acid (IA-HA) in managing m...
Timing matters: The interplay of the retrieval frequency and temporal distance between retrieving a prior list and encoding a new list in vocabulary retention

Abstract The act of retrieval yields benefits for memory. However, according to the reconsolidation account, reactivation could render a memory amenable to modifications. The present study investigated how the retrieval frequency of a previously learned vocabulary list and the temporal distance of a subsequently encoded list affected retention of the prior list. Recruited from six intact sessions of a college intensive English course, participants learned two unrelated lists of novel words and took cued-recall tests. The results revealed an interaction between the retrieval of list 1 (single vs. repeated) and the encoding of list 2 (close vs. far vs. no). Noteworthy, the repeated-retrievals groups outperformed single-retrieval groups only when list 2 encoding was spaced far apart (i.e., 3-day interval). The memory impairment effect emerged in the presence of list 2 whereas the memory strengthening effect occurred in the absence of list 2. These results suggest that the interplay between repeated retrievals and an extended temporal distance functions in a way that may attenuate memory’s susceptibility to new learning rather than abolish it. Situated in the naturalistic classroom setting, these findings have pedagogical significance for instructors to schedule testing and learning sessions to help learners optimize vocabulary retention.
Rethinking State Capacity: Conceptual Effects on the Incidence of Terrorism

The civil conflict literature often relies on state capacity having significant impacts on the risk of, and duration of, civil war and other civil conflicts. Many characteristics of civil conflict ...
Influence of Corporate Governance on Financial Performance among Alcohol Beverage Firms

The purpose of this study empirically investigates the influence of corporate governance structure on the firm’s financial performance of the alcohol beverage industry in the United States. Seconda...
Techniques for Peripheral Nerve Stimulator Implantation of the Upper Extremity.

Objective To present a technical note on how to perform upper extremity peripheral nerve stimulators for three major nerves: median, ulnar, and radial. Design Literature review and expert opinion. Setting Single academic center. Results Peripheral nerve stimulation has recently become popular with the development and availability of peripheral nerve stimulators with an external pulse generator. Here, we describe ultrasound anatomy and technical details for peripheral nerve stimulation in the upper extremity for three major nerves: median, ulnar, and radial. Conclusions Upper extremity peripheral nerve stimulation can be considered as an option for refractory neuropathic upper extremity pain.
Initial Development and Validation of the Likelihood to Physically Abuse Scale in an American Male Sample

In two studies, a psychological measure that predicts the likelihood of a male partner to physically abuse a female intimate partner-the Likelihood to Physically Abuse (LPA) scale-was developed. The LPA scale's internal reliability and validity were tested in Study I (N = 183). In Study II, 299 men were administered the LPA scale online along with validated measures related to intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration to further test the internal reliability of the LPA scale and test its construct and external validity. Overall, the results from both studies showed excellent internal reliability (α ≥ 90) and support for the LPA scale's validity with all but one measure showing moderate (r ≥ .30) to strong correlational relationships (r ≥ .50).
Effects of Market Structure on Broadband Quality in Local U.S. Residential Service Markets

This paper investigates the effects of changes in market structure on residential service quality in local U.S. broadband markets. Our analysis focuses on identifying causal effects on quality from entry (or exit) by firms using both legacy and non-legacy broadband network technologies. We analyze a very large and highly disaggregated census block-level data set we have constructed using Federal Communication Commission (FCC) data on residential broadband services deployment in populated U.S. census blocks between December 2014 and December 2018. We employ a difference-in-differences framework combined with both spatial fixed effects and spatial instrumental variables. The latter econometric tools are used to address unobserved market heterogeneity and concerns about significant error in measured ISP counts for fixed wireless ISPs. Our results suggest that entry by legacy technology (cable and DSL) service providers has large impacts on available service quality in local broadband markets, effects which diminish rapidly with continued entry. Contrary to expectations, entry by a single new fiber ISP seems to have no impact on available quality; entry by two fiber ISPs, by contrast, raises maximum available quality by a modest but statistically significant 90 Mbps. Entry by a fixed wireless ISP appears to have had a large, negative impact on maximum available download speeds offered by incumbent legacy ISPs. Economic explanations for these results are discussed and evaluated. We establish that (i) both fixed wireless and fiber ISPs compete in sets of speed tiers that are distinct from those offered by legacy ISPs, and speculate that (ii) price competition (as opposed to quality competition) may be more intense in markets with fixed wireless entry.
A software-based environmental data analysis for product life cycle

One of the major opportunities for practicing sustainability in material usage is selecting materials with minimal environmental degradation over the entire life cycle of a material. This includes initial acquisition, manufacturing, use and eventual disposal/recycling stages. This study provides a data analysis approach for investigating the impact of material selection decision on environment. Several eco-sustainability metrics including embodied energy, CO 2 footprint, water usage and processing energy will be reviewed. A product example will be used to illustrate the application of a digital database for environmental data analysis. The results of this analysis can assist product managers and designers in incorporating environmental factors into the business and product design decisions.
EATING PACE INTERVENTION CLASSES 3: FEMALE STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND FEINSTEIN CAMPUS

Background: Over one-third of the United States is obese. This weight status is associated with many negative health implications including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Female college students are a sub-group especially prone to excess kilocalorie (kcal) consumption, leading to weight gain. Consuming food at a fast pace has been associated with increased kilocalorie consumption. Interventions reducing eating rate may be an effective method to reduce kilocalorie consumption in female college students. Objective: To determine if a 5 week curriculum designed to reduce eating pace would decrease consumption rate (kcal/minute) and total kcal eaten at a control meal, in addition to decreasing kcal and consumption rate as reported with 24 hour food recalls. Methods: In a randomized control trial with pre-post testing, experimental group subjects participated in 5 weeks of group classes, and the control group received no treatment. Groups underwent multi-pass dietary recalls, laboratory standardized lunches, anthropometric measurements, and surveys. Data were used to assess laboratory and free living eating rate and kcal consumption, along with change in anthropometrics and survey scores. Analysis of variance was used to compare within-group and betweengroup differences in eating rate for pre and post measurements. Participants/Setting: Ten overweight and obese female students were recruited from colleges in the Providence area through classroom announcements, flyers, and mass emails. Results: No significant time by group or within group differences were found for eating rate, meal duration, or energy intake. There were significant between group differences at baseline for free living eating rate. Both groups had a slower eating rate in the free living condition than the laboratory condition. Conclusion: There was no significant change from pre to post for eating rate for either group. Overall, this research gathered valuable observations for the use of the intervention in the urban environment. With a larger sample size the effectiveness of an eating rate intervention may be assessed.
The Large-Scale Distribution of Interstellar Matter in the Context of the Density-Wave Theory

The theoretically viable prospect that density waves and the associated galactic shock fronts are present in disk-shaped galaxies has received support in recent years from a variety of observational studies. Large-scale shocks in the interstellar gas may play an important role in determining the kinematics and the relative distribution of various galactic tracers. This is particularly apparent in some external spirals, because of the advantageous perspective, and for the tracers HI and CO in our own Galaxy. Simulation of CO observations according to the precepts of the density-wave theory shows that these precepts are supported by several observational results.
Zero-field splitting in molecules with closely spaced triplet states: A theoretical investigation of three isomeric dimethylbenzaldehydes

Abstract It is shown by quantum-chemical calculations that the unusually large zero-field splitting observed in 3 ππ * states of 2,4-, 2,5- and 3,4-dimethylbenzaldehyde are mainly due to second-order spin—orbit coupling with 3 nπ * states modulated by Franck—Condon factors.
Antiferroelectric to ferroelectric phase switching thin films in the lead zirconate stannate titanate solid solution system

Thin films of lead zirconate stannate titanate (PSZT) with slight additions of niobium and lanthanum have been prepared by the sol-gel, spin coat process. Antiferroelectric tetragonal and orthorhombic compositions have been evaluated on the criteria of P-E loop squareness, maximum polarization and field induced strain for the applications of energy storage and conversion in integrated devices. The orthorhombic compositions in both the niobium and lanthanum doped systems have shown square loop hysteretic behavior with large switchable polarizations (30-40 /spl mu/C/cm/sup 2/), and field-induced strains of 0.33% have been measured in the niobium doped system, thus both systems provide attractive possibilities for practical use.
Graft-Versus-Tumor Induction With Donor Leukocyte Infusions as Primary Therapy for Patients With Malignancies

PURPOSE: Histocompatible allogeneic donor leukocyte infusions (DLIs) were administered as primary cancer therapy in a phase I trial to determine (1) whether mixed chimerism could be detected without a prior allogeneic transplantation, (2) the toxicity of primary DLI, and (3) whether a graft-versus-tumor (GVT) reaction could be observed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients were studied. Patients received interferon alfa-2b for a minimum of 4 weeks, followed by DLI (level 1). Patients with no toxicity or engraftment were eligible to receive cytarabine or cyclophosphamide followed by another course of DLI (level 2). Engraftment was determined using polymerase chain reaction amplification of donor and host-specific DNA polymorphisms. RESULTS: Donor cells were detected in the blood in 14 of 16 assessable patients within 1 hour of DLI. Chimerism detectable 4 weeks after DLI was observed in four patients, and five patients were not assessable. Prior autologous transplantation was associated with late chimeri...
DDF-SAM: Fully distributed SLAM using Constrained Factor Graphs

We address the problem of multi-robot distributed SLAM with an extended Smoothing and Mapping (SAM) approach to implement Decentralized Data Fusion (DDF). We present DDF-SAM, a novel method for efficiently and robustly distributing map information across a team of robots, to achieve scalability in computational cost and in communication bandwidth and robustness to node failure and to changes in network topology. DDF-SAM consists of three modules: (1) a local optimization module to execute single-robot SAM and condense the local graph; (2) a communication module to collect and propagate condensed local graphs to other robots, and (3) a neighborhood graph optimizer module to combine local graphs into maps describing the neighborhood of a robot. We demonstrate scalability and robustness through a simulated example, in which inference is consistently faster than a comparable naive approach.
Event-related brain potentials elicited by syntactic anomaly

Abstract Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 13 scalp electrodes while subjects read sentences containing syntactic ambiguities. Words which were inconsitent with the “preferred” sentence structure elicited a brain potential (P600) quite distinct from the potential previously observed following contextually inappropriate words (N400). Furthermore, final words in sentences typically judged to be unacceptable elicited an N400-like effect, relative to final words in sentences typically judged to be acceptable. These findings suggest that ERPs are sensitive to syntactic anomaly, including anomaly engendered by disambiguating material following erroneous analysis of a syntactically ambiguous string (the “garden path” effect). We evaluate the speculation that the P600 and N400 effects are elicited as a function of anomaly type (syntactic and semantic, respectively).
ELEVATED CORD BLOOD FREE ERYTHROCYTE PORPHYRIN (FEP) - A SIGN OF “MASKED” IRON DEFICIENCY?

Elevations of FEP are recognized to be a sign of both lead poisoning and iron deficiency. Cord blood FEP values were previously observed to be higher than those found in normal children and adults. The mean cord blood FEP was 94 μgm/100 ml RBC's as contrasted with a value of 50 ± 20 in the older population. In infants with elevated cord blood FEP values, blood leads were less than 15 μg/dl. In a further attempt to explain marked variations in cord blood FEP values, infants with high and low FEP levels had determinations of serum iron and iron binding capacity performed. Twenty infants with FEP values of less than 55 μg/100 nl RBC's had a mean serum iron of 177 μg/dl and a mean transferrin saturation of 72%. In contrast, 10 infants with FEP values in excess of 125 μg/100 ml RBC's had a mean serum iron of 127 μg/dl and a transferrin saturation of 42%. Both values were significantly lower (p <.005) in the infants with elevated FEPs. Although these levels of serum iron and percent transferrin saturation are not normally regarded as evidence of iron deficiency in older infants and children they may in fact reflect suboptimal iron stores during a period of intense erythropoiesis. Cord blood FEP determinations could provide a simple means of detecting the infant at risk for the development of early iron deficiency.
Sabadilla Alkaloids V.:Vanilloylcevine

A new crystalline alkaloid, vanilloylcevine, C36H49NO11 has been isolated from Sabadilla seed, Schoenocaulon officinale, and characterized as the vanillic acid ester of cevine. Vanilloylcevine exhibits moderate hypotensive activity in dogs.
Myelin protein zero: Mutations in the cytoplasmic domain interfere with its cellular trafficking

The cytoplasmic domain of myelin protein zero (MPZ), the principal protein of peripheral myelin, undergoes phosphorylation on several serine residues and a tyrosine group that is maximal during peak nerve myelination. Mutations that could affect MPZ phosphorylation cause the inherited neuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Type 1B. To investigate a possible role for phosphorylation in regulation of MPZ trafficking within the cell, we expressed wild-type and mutated MPZ-enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins in cultured Schwann-like cells. Whereas wild-type protein is present almost entirely at the cell surface, mutation of serine 204 to alanine or at a nearby presumed PKC substrate motif (198RSTK201) causes 40–60% of protein to be retained in the cytoplasm. Mutation of S204 to aspartate, which introduces a permanent negative charge, also impairs MPZ movement to the plasma membrane. In contrast, tyrosine 191 mutation has no effect on MPZ cellular distribution. Simultaneous alteration of S204 and Y191 produces much less perturbation of MPZ trafficking than mutation of S204 alone. Colocalization studies showed that mutated MPZ-EGFP trapped in the cytoplasm associates with all organelles in the secretory pathway. Previous studies have shown that cytoplasmic mutations at serine, but not tyrosine phosphorylation sites, abolish MPZ adhesive properties. Our results suggest that this loss of adhesion may be due, at least in part, to a failure of sufficient MPZ to reach the cell surface and that this impaired trafficking is associated with deficient serine phosphorylation in the cytoplasmic domain. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
South Atlantic, Benue Trough, and Gulf of Guinea Cretaceous Triple Junction

During the early separation of Africa from South America, the South Atlantic and the transform faults of the Gulf of Guinea were joined by a short-lived line of lithosphere spreading running northeast from the Niger delta, under the Benue trough. The separation of the continents was established by Aptian times, and the spreading under the Benue trough lasted from the Albian to the Santonian. The early separation of West Africa from northern Brazil was characterized by lateral movements of the two continents against each other along the St. Paul9s and the Romanche oceanic transform faults. Some 20 m.y. of transform fault motion may have elapsed before West Africa was completely separated by oceanic crust from northern Brazil. The South Atlantic, Benue trough, and the Gulf of Guinea formed an unstable RRF triple junction, which may have caused internal strain in the African plate. It may also have resulted in possible dilation of the Gulf of Guinea transform faults which, together with the short intervening ridge segments, served to localize the Cretaceous volcanicity thought to be responsible for the recently discovered North Brazilian Ridge.
Breast tissue characterization using FARMA modeling of ultrasonic RF echo.

A number of empirical and analytical studies demonstrated that the ultrasound RF echo reflected from tissue exhibits 1/f characteristics. In this paper, we propose to model 1/f characteristics of the ultrasonic RF echo by a novel parsimonious model, namely the fractional differencing auto regressive moving average (FARMA) process, and evaluated diagnostic value of model parameters for breast cancer malignancy differen- tiation. FARMA model captures the fractal and long term correlated nature of the backscattered speckle texture and facilitates robust efficient estimation of fractal parameters. In our study, in addition to the computer generated FARMA model parameters, we included patient age and radiologist's prebiopsy level of suspicion (LOS) as potential indicators of malignant and benign masses. We evaluated the performance of the proposed set of features using various classifiers and training methods using 120 in vivo breast images. Our study shows that the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve of FARMA model parameters alone is superior to the area under the ROC curve of the radiologist's prebiopsy LOS. The area under the ROC curve of the three sets of features yields a value of 0.87, with a confidence interval of (0.85, 0.89), at a significance level of 0.05. Our results suggest that the proposed method of ultrasound RF echo model leads to parameters that can differentiate breast tumors with a relatively high precision. This set of RF echo features can be incorporated into a comprehensive computer-aided diagnostic system to aid physicians in breast cancer diagnosis. (E-mail: yazici@ecse.rpi.edu) © 2004 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.
Progressive hemifacial atrophy: a review.

Background Progressive Hemifacial Atrophy (PHA) is an acquired, typically unilateral, facial distortion with unknown etiology. The true incidence of this disorder has not been reported, but it is often regarded as a subtype of localized scleroderma. Historically, a debate existed whether PHA is a form of linear scleroderma, called morphea en coup de sabre (ECDS), or whether these conditions are inherently different processes or appear on a spectrum (; Adv Exp Med Biol 455:101–4, 1999; J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 19:403–4, 2005). Currently, it is generally accepted that both diseases exist on a spectrum of localized scleroderma and often coexist. The pathogenesis of PHA has not been delineated, but trauma, autoimmunity, infection, and autonomic dysregulation have all been suggested. The majority of patients have initial manifestations in the first two decades of life; however, late presentations in 6th and 7th decades are also described [J Am Acad Dermatol 56:257–63, 2007; J Postgrad Med 51:135–6, 2005; Neurology 61:674–6, 2003]. The typical course of PHA is slow progression over 2-20 years and eventually reaching quiescence. Systemic associations of PHA are protean, but neurological manifestations of seizures and headaches are common [J Am Acad Dermatol 56:257–63, 2007; Neurology 48:1013–8, 1997; Semin Arthritis Rheum 43:335–47, 2013]. As in many rare diseases, standard guidelines for imaging, treatment, and follow-up are not defined.
Assertion and commitment in religious belief

That Izoth assertions and commitments are integral to religious faith or belief appears indisputable; yet how one is to conceive of the relationship between the two, and the relative emphasis each deserves, provides a focal problem for an Y philosophy of religion. ~ It is safe to say an analysis of faith claiming to be exhaustive or definitive yet concentrating on one of these elements to the exclusion of the other will be imperiled. Nevertheless the dominant trcnd in Anglo-American philosophy over the past few decades has been to focus almost entirely on the aspect of assertion, and the putative knowledge that grounds such assertion. Perhaps it is felt that a concern with commitment is too near the concern of the psychology of religion to be fit for an enterprise involved properly with the logic of faith and belief. Whatever the explanation of neglect, the imbalance of treatmcnt needs correction. I cannot offer here a full account of the mixing of assertion and commitment in religious belief er faith. However I will endeavor to highlight a curious feature of this mixture: the contrasting role played in the grounding and elaboration of commitments and in the grounding of the meaningfulness of assertions, respectively, by expectations of future events. To anticipate: while the proposal of falsifying f,3ture conditions seems vital to the grounding of the meaningfulness of a factual assertion, with regard to some commitments crucially significant in the phenomena of faith, the proposal of nullifying future conditions can radically undermine their meaning, scope, and intensity.
Anisotropic magnetoresistance with cubic anisotropy and weak ferromagnetism: A new paradigm

Earlier atomic d-state models of anisotropic magnetoresistance \ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\rho}/\ensuremath{\rho} are reviewed and found to suffer from a weak-ferromagnetism ``catastrophe:'' a nonphysical finite value of \ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\rho}/\ensuremath{\rho} as exchange splitting goes to zero. New calculations of \ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\rho}/\ensuremath{\rho}, including cubic anisotropy, avoid this problem and offer a new paradigm for interpreting experiments on systems with various band structures: dilute polycrystalline nickel alloys with virtual-bound-state (VBS) and non-VBS impurities, and also weak concentrated ferromagnets like Fe-Ni Invar. p states are also found to give nonzero \ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\rho}/\ensuremath{\rho} in an atomic model.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease in baboons (Papio sp.): a new animal model.

Background Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is increasingly prevalent in the human population. Current animal models require surgical or other manipulation to produce symptoms. An animal model that exhibits spontaneous GERD would provide the opportunity for much-needed research examining the susceptibility, diagnosis, and treatment of GERD. Methods Eight baboons (Papio hamadryas sp.) were diagnosed with GERD histopathologically using biopsies or postmortem tissues. Results The disease was characterized by a spectrum of symptoms comparable with that found in the human population. Some subjects had no gross signs of clinical disease, but were diagnosed by histopathological examination. Almost all subjects presented with at least one clinical sign of the disease. Regurgitation was the most common. Conclusions The baboon may be a superior animal model for GERD research because it is a naturally occurring model and is anatomically and physiologically similar to humans.
An Electrocardiographic Masquerade

A 60-year-old woman underwent successful pulmonary embolectomy for a massive pulmonary embolism. On postoperative day 2, while receiving intravenous dopamine for hypotension, she developed the tachycardia, and a 12-lead ECG was obtained (Fig. 1). Figure 2 shows the 12-lead ECG obtained on the previous day, when she was in sinus rhythm with frequent premature
The Study of Totalitarianism

THE general study of totalitarianism is of recent origin. In the I920'S, interest in Soviet Communism centered in the ideological issues of Marxism-Leninism, the economic aspects of anticapitalism, and the political aspects of dictatorship. In those remote days, only a very few observers (such as Winston Churchill) saw in Soviet Communism more than a single-country experiment, appropriate to a backward country like Russia, but unlikely to have a profound effect on the rest of the world. Similarly, Italian Fascism was viewed in the I920's as a temporary development peculiar to Italy, rather than as the prototype of a world-wide system of thought and action challenging traditional liberal political and economic systems. The first realization that totalitarianism was a more general problem for scholarly analysis and public policy came in the I930's-more specifically, with the triumph of the Nazi Party in Germany in I933. German political scientists and publicists frankly proclaimed that the totalitarian state (der totale Staat) was the highest form of political development, and the only one suitable for the German people. Shortly after Hitler's appointment as Chancellor of the Reich, arbitrary arrests by the secret police, torture and murder, and the setting-up of concentration camps showed the world that the Nazis meant business, and that they were not going to waste much time in translating totalitarian theory into practice. A few years later, in the middle I930's, the mass purges in the Soviet Union together with the first reports on Soviet slave-labor camps hastened the realization that, despite certain differences, Nazism and Communism were fundamentally both totalitarian, and that this likeness was more important than the differences between the two. Finally, the German-Soviet pact of August I939, as well as the policies of the Soviet Union from September I939 to June I94I, gave rise to the popular phrase that Communism was but "red Fascism." The forced entry of the Soviet Union into the war on the side of the Western democracies following the German attack in June I94i reawakened the older
Translation, dilatation, Lorentz invariant two-particle interactions

We show the existence of an infinite number of symmetric 2-particle interactions. These interactions are translation invariant, Lorentz invariant, and lead to second order differential equations. Our examples are analytic.
Use of Cryoprotectants to Stabilize Functional Properties of Prerigor Salted Beef During Frozen Storage

Changes in functional properties (gelforming ability, water-holding capacity, and protein solubility) of salted prerigor beef and postrigor beef were measured over 6 months frozen storage at −28°C, as affected by addition of 5.6% cryoprotectants [Polydextrose® or a mixture (1:1) of sucrose and sorbitol]. Addition of NaCl to comminuted muscle prior to freezing accelerated destabilization of muscle proteins with respect to functional properties. This effect was reduced by cryoprotectants; most effectively by sucrose/sorbitol and only slightly less effectively by polydextrose. As evidenced by the parameters investigated, quality of prerigor salted muscle treated with cryoprotectants and stored 6 months was approximately equal to that of untreated postrigor meat prior to freezing.
Optical detector selection for 1.5-um KTP OPO atmospheric lidar

A 1.5 micron wavelength KTP OPO Lidar system has been developed and used to study the sensitivity and the system signal-to-noise ratio for hard target and atmospheric aerosol lidar returns. Optimization of the receiver system was studied that included the use of different sizes, types of detectors, and the effect of laser beam quality factor, M2, on the telescope overlap function. Detectors that were studied included several different sizes of InGaAs APDs, direct photodetectors, a transferred-electron intensified photodiode (TE-IPD), and a PMT. The influence of the diffraction or beam quality factor (M2) of the OPO laser was studied and found to have a significant influence on the overlap of the transmit and receiver field of view. This overlap function is also influenced by the size of the lidar detector since a large M2 value can overfill the detector/telescope field of view so that small (high speed) detectors may be subject to a large reduction in the lidar signal. The size of the photodiodes and APDs used in the initial OPO lidar experiments were of the order of 0.1 mm to 2 mm, while the TE-IPD and the PMT are larger in acceptance area. Some initial experimental measurements with the photodetectors and APD, and projected theoretical comparisons with the TE-IPD and PMT detectors have been made.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The extreme C terminus of progesterone receptor contains a transcriptional repressor domain that functions through a putative corepressor.

Abstract Binding of a hormone agonist to a steroid receptor leads to the dissociation of heat shock proteins, dimerization, specific DNA binding, and target gene activation. Although the progesterone antagonist RU486 can induce most of these events, it fails to activate human progesterone receptor (hPR)-dependent transcription. We have previously demonstrated that a conformational change is a key event leading to receptor activation. The major conformational distinction between hormone- and antihormone-bound receptors occurs within the C-terminal portion of the molecule. Furthermore, hPR mutants lacking the C terminus become transcriptionally active in the presence of RU486. These results suggest that the C terminus contains a repressor domain that inhibits the transcriptional activity of the RU486-bound hPR. In this study, we have defined a 12 amino acid (12AA) region in the C terminus of hPR that is necessary and sufficient for the repressor function when fused to the C-terminal truncated hPR or to the GAL4 DNA-binding domain. Mutations in the 12AA domain (aa 917-928) generate an hPR that is active in the presence of RU486. Furthermore, overexpression of the 12AA peptide activates the RU486-bound wild-type hPR without affecting progesterone-dependent activation. These results suggest that association of the 12AA repressor region with a corepressor might inactivate hPR activity when it is bound to RU486. We propose that binding of a hormone agonist to the receptor changes its conformation in the ligand-binding domain so that association with coactivator is promoted and activation of target gene occurs.
Analysis of delamination initiation in postbuckled dropped-ply laminates

The compression strength of dropped-ply, graphite-epoxy laminated plates for the delamination mode of failure is studied by analysis and corroborated with experiments. The nonlinear response of the test specimens is modeled by a geometrically nonlinear finite element analysis. The methodology for predicting delamination is based on a quadratic interlaminar stress criterion evaluated at a characteristic distance from the ply drop-off. The compression strength of specimens exhibiting a linear response is greater than the compression strength of specimens with the same layup exhibiting a geometrically nonlinear response. The analyses for both linear and nonlinear response show that severe interlaminar stress gradients occur in the interfaces at the drop-off because of the thickness/stiffness discontinuity. However, these interlaminar stress distributions are altered in the geometrically nonlinear response such that, with increasing load, their growth at the center of the laminate is retarded while their growth near the unloaded supported edge is increased.
2 Fast Parallel Prime Number Sieves

A prime number sieve is an algorithm that lists all prime numbers up to a given bound n. Two parallel prime number sieves for an algebraic EREW PRAM model of computation are presented and analyzed. The first sieve runs in O(log n) time using O(n/(log n log log n)) processors, and the second sieve runs in O(root n) time using O(root n) processors. The first sieve is optimal in the sense that it performs work O(n/log log n), which is within a constant factor of the number of arithmetic operations used by the fastest known sequential prime number sieves. However, when both sieves are analyzed on the Block PRAM model as defined by Aggarwal, Chandra, and Snir, it is found that the second sieve is more work-efficient when communication latency is significant.
Influence of Bifurcations on Forced Oscillations in an Airway Model

Forced oscillations is a technique to determine respiratory input impedance from small amplitude sinusoidal pressure excursions introduced at the airway opening. Models used to predict respiratory input impedance typically ignore the direct effect of bifurcations on the flow, and treat airway branches as individual straight tubes placed appropriately in parallel and series. The flow within the individual tubes is assumed equivalent to that which would occur in infinitely long tubes. In this study we examined the influence of bifurcations on impedance for conditions of the forced oscillatory technique. We measured input impedance using forced oscillations in straight tubes and in an anatomically-relevant, four generation physical model of a human airway network. The input impedance measured experimentally compared well to that obtained theoretically using model predictions. The predictive scheme was based on appropriate parallel and series combinations of theoretically computed individual tube impedances, which were computed from solutions to oscillatory flow of a compressible gas in an infinitely long rigid tube. The agreement between experimental measurements and predictions indicates that bifurcations play a relatively minor direct role on the flow impedance for conditions of the forced oscillations technique. These results are explained in terms of the small tidal volumes used, whereby the axial distance traveled by a fluid particle during an oscillation cycle is appreciably smaller than branch segment lengths. Accordingly, only a small fraction of fluid particles travel through the bifurcation region, and the remainder experience an environment approaching flow in an infinite straight tube. The relevance of the study to the prediction of impedances in the human lung during forced oscillations is discussed.
Systemic emboli due to cloth wear in a Starr-Edwards Model 2320 aortic prosthesis.

Abstract The evolution of the different cloth coverings of Starr-Edwards prostheses is reviewed along with previously reported cases of wear of the cloth coverings. The first case of wear in the Model 2320 valve, which is covered with a combination of polypropylene over Teflon, is reported. Questions related to the problem are discussed.
Comment on ``distribution of bound levels of ions in dense plasmas: The plasma polarization shift''

Abstract It is shown that the recently proposed statistical treatment of line shifts by Albritton and Liberman [ JQSRT 51 , 9 (1994)] is not valid for typical plasmas; consequently, it cannot explain the existing discrepancies between theoretical and experimental results.
“Female ejaculation” and urinary stress incontinence

(1982). “Female ejaculation” and urinary stress incontinence. The Journal of Sex Research: Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 360-363.
Pheochromocytoma of urinary bladder.

Abstract A patient with pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder is described and management discussed.
The Legacy of Tracy J. Putnam and H. Houston Merritt: Modern Neurology in the United States

The Legacy of Tracy J. Putnam and H. Houston Merritt: Modern Neurology in the United States Lewis P. Roland, MD Oxford University Press New York, NY Copyright © 2009 159 pages Scientific achievement is not made in the abstract but from an amalgam of people, personalities, and messy human interactions. This story of Houston Merritt, Tracy Putnam, and the discovery of the most important antiepileptic drug, phenytoin (Dilantin), is such a story. Houston Merritt was a neurologist at a time soon after the specialty had been delineated as being distinct from internal medicine in the 1930s. Merritt's teacher, Tracy Putnam, considered himself to be both a neurosurgeon, trained by the great Dr Harvey Cushing, and also a neurologist. Jointly, Merritt and Putnam published seven articles between 1937 and 1941. Roland details some of the unseemly squabbling over …
The Jupiter Energetic Particle Detector Instrument (JEDI) Investigation for the Juno Mission

The Jupiter Energetic Particle Detector Instruments (JEDI) on the Juno Jupiter polar-orbiting, atmosphere-skimming, mission to Jupiter will coordinate with the several other space physics instruments on the Juno spacecraft to characterize and understand the space environment of Jupiter’s polar regions, and specifically to understand the generation of Jupiter’s powerful aurora. JEDI comprises 3 nearly-identical instruments and measures at minimum the energy, angle, and ion composition distributions of ions with energies from H:20 keV and O: 50 keV to >1 MeV, and the energy and angle distribution of electrons from 500 keV. Each JEDI instrument uses microchannel plates (MCP) and thin foils to measure the times of flight (TOF) of incoming ions and the pulse height associated with the interaction of ions with the foils, and it uses solid state detectors (SSD’s) to measure the total energy (E) of both the ions and the electrons. The MCP anodes and the SSD arrays are configured to determine the directions of arrivals of the incoming charged particles. The instruments also use fast triple coincidence and optimum shielding to suppress penetrating background radiation and incoming UV foreground. Here we describe the science objectives of JEDI, the science and measurement requirements, the challenges that the JEDI team had in meeting these requirements, the design and operation of the JEDI instruments, their calibrated performances, the JEDI inflight and ground operations, and the initial measurements of the JEDI instruments in interplanetary space following the Juno launch on 5 August 2011. Juno will begin its prime science operations, comprising 32 orbits with dimensions 1.1×40 RJ, in mid-2016.
Rare earth complexation with 1,3,5-trideoxy-1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxybenzyl)amino-cis-inositol

Abstract The protonation constants of 1,3,5-trideoxy-1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyl-benzyl)amino-cis-inositol (thci) in I = 1 M (NaClO4) were determined to be: pKa1 5.96 ± 0.03, pKa2 7.21 ± 0.01, pKa3 8.32 ± 0.07, pKa4 8.95 ± 0.06. The solvent extraction studies were consistent with the formation of the Ln(thci)3+ and Ln ( thci ) 2 3 + complexes. The log of the stability constants (log β1 and log β2) at 25 °C in 1 M (NaClO4) at pH 4 for formation of these complexes are reported. Laser luminescence measurements of the 7F0–5D0 transition of Eu(III) complexed by thci indicated two species. The shifts in the peaks relative to that of Eu(aq)3+ were comparable to the values reported for other complexes of Eu(III) with organic ligands, but the intensities were greater. Luminescence lifetime measurements of the fluorescence spectra indicated that the Eu ( thci ) 2 3 + complex has 5 inner sphere water molecules bound to the Eu(III) cation at pH 6.71–8.52. This was consistent with bidentate chelation of Eu(III) with each thci molecule. gaussian view energy calculations indicated bonding for M(III) to the amino and hydroxyl groups of the cyclohexanetriol and (2-hydroxybenzyl)amino moieties in the Ln(thci)3+ complex.
White Sturgeon in the Lower Columbia River: Is the Stock Overexploited/

Abstract We used computer simulation to examine potential yields and sustainable exploitation rates for white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus in the lower Columbia River. Simulated yields varied with assumptions used for mortality, growth, and stock–recruitment relationship, and with size restrictions imposed on harvest. The stock-recruitment function had the greatest influence on our results. Maximum yields (sustained or at 100 years) ranged from 0.2 to 2.9% of unexploited biomass. Maximum yields were produced with exploitation rates ranging from 0.02 to 0.20, and yields declined or collapsed at higher rates. Size restrictions (sport and commercial harvest of fish only between 92 and 183 cm or 122 and 183 cm, respectively) resulted in higher yields and higher supportable exploitation than no size restrictions. However, size windows did not prevent collapse of the fishery under higher exploitation rates when a stock-dependent recruitment function was used. The fishery on the Columbia River has expanded d...
Magnetic field induced singlet to triplet phase transition in organic superconductors

New experimental results in organic quasi-one-dimensional superconductors suggest the existence of triplet superconductivity in high magnetic fields. When there is competition between singlet and triplet pairing, the superconductors have a singlet phase at low magnetic fields and a triplet phase at high magnetic fields. These two phases are separated by a first order phase transition line where the spin susceptibility changes from smaller values (singlet case) to larger normal state-like values (triplet case) at low temperatures.