cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
INCREASING INDICES OF HAPPINESS AMONG PEOPLE WITH PROFOUND MULTIPLE DISABILITIES: A PROGRAM REPLICATION AND COMPONENT ANALYSIS

We replicated a program to increase indices of happiness among people with profound multiple disabilities and conducted a component analysis of the program. The program involved presentation and contingent withdrawal of stimuli that had been identified as preferred based on preference assessments and staff opinion. The program was implemented with 3 adult students and was accompanied by increased happiness indices for each student. Subsequent implementation of the two types of stimuli indicated that preferred stimuli based on preference assessments were more consistently accompanied by increased happiness indices than were preferred stimuli based on staff opinion. Social validity measures supported the definition of happiness, in that raters’ subjective opinions of the students’ happiness coincided with the observed happiness indices. Results are discussed regarding the importance and practical implications of using preference assessments for determining stimuli for increasing happiness indices. Future research areas are suggested, focusing on increasing happiness and other quality-of-life indicators during the daily routines of people with profound disabilities. DESCRIPTORS: happiness, profound multiple disabilities, quality of life An area of increasing concern in developmental disabilities is ensuring that individuals experience enjoyment or happiness with certain aspects of their lives. The importance of assisting people with developmental disabilities to acquire an enjoyable quality of life has been discussed frequently (see Felce & Perry, 1995, for a review). Likewise, regulatory standards for agencies that provide supports for people with developmental disabilities have begun to emphasize individual enjoyment and fun experiences as important outcomes of desired agency practices (HCFA, 1996).
Ciliary activity in differentiating and reactivated human respiratory epithelial cells.

Objective Experimental studies of mucociliary clearance, especially those involving drug effects, suffer from the difficulty of determining whether drugs act directly on ciliary motility or whether their effects are indirect, acting via changes in cell metabolism, viscous load, or alternative mechanisms. The present study provides a solution to this problem by comparing the motile characteristics of ciliated cells that have differentiated in primary cell culture with those of demembranated cilia reactivated with MgATP. Methods Human respiratory epithelial cells (REC) were dissociated from trachea, bronchus, nasal polyps, or turbinates and then placed in a dissociated cell culture system. Thirty-three percent of the dissociated cells contain beating cilia. Following 1 week in culture, the REC dedifferentiated, but then redifferentiated within 96 hours after they were brought to an air interface. Results The cilia on such cells beat with planar waves consisting of power and recovery strokes. Beat frequencies at 20 degrees C were 15+/-2.3 Hz. Ciliary beating often was coordinated both within and between cells with a defined antilaeoplectic pattern of coordination. Either fresh or cultured cells could be demembranated with Triton X-100 and reactivated with MgATP. The activity of these reactivated models was equivalent to those observed in living cells. Conclusion The authors have demonstrated that ciliary beat frequency of demembranated human respiratory epithelial cells can be modulated by MgATP and can be adjusted to the same level of activity as measured in living cells. This allows them to selectively test whether a drug's effects on mucociliary transport are the result of direct interactions with the ciliary apparatus or are produced through other indirect mechanisms.
Defocus-invariant Blur by Using Spectrum Coding

Defocus-invariant blur is obtained by specifying chromatic focal shift vs. wavelength dependence which provides the best match to the spectral response of an electronic imaging system. Impact on thermal IR and fluorescence imaging is discussed.
Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific. Part II: The Impact of Midlatitude Circulation Characteristics

Abstract Two characteristic midlatitude circulation patterns (labeled northwest and northeast) are found to be associated with extratropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific Ocean. Although in both cases the tropical cyclone moves poleward ahead of a midlatitude trough, the primary midlatitude circulation is either that trough or is a large quasi-stationary cyclone to the northeast of the poleward-moving tropical cyclone. Transition into a northwest pattern typically results in the development within 36 h of an intense extratropical cyclone that moves north–northeast. A tropical cyclone that moves into a northeast pattern enters into strong zonal flow between the primary midlatitude circulation and the subtropical ridge to the southeast. These systems move rapidly eastward and do not intensify significantly during the 36 h following transition. In Part I of this study, the ET of Typhoon (TY) David (1997) and the ET of TY Opal (1997) were investigated in terms of the form...
Evaluation of a cathepsin-cleavable peptide linked radioimmunoconjugate of a panadenocarcinoma MAb, m170, in mice and patients.

Purpose: Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) delivered by radiometal immunoconjugates (RICs) is dose limited by deposition and retention of radioactivity in normal tissues. In order to increase elimination of...
Use of a Facility Master File to Facilitate Regulatory Submissions for Cell Therapy Products

Investigational new drug applications (INDs) for novel cell therapy products require written documentation not only of the proposed clinical protocol and specific product manufacturing process, but also of information on items that may be generic for all products manufactured within a given facility. For facilities supporting multiple IND-related protocols, this generic information can be organized into a Drug Master File (DMF). This chapter will discuss the rationale, design, maintenance, and use of a DMF, either as an official submission to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or as an internal reference document that compiles information for subsequent extraction and incorporation into IND submissions.
Dense Correspondence and Optical Flow Estimation Using Gabor, Schmid and Steerable Descriptors

In this paper, the use of three dense descriptors, namely Schmid, Gabor and steerable descriptors, is introduced and investigated for optical flow estimation and dense correspondence of different scenes and compared with the well-known dense SIFT/SIFTFlow. Several examples of optical flow estimation and dense correspondence across scenes with high variations in the intensity levels, difference in the presence of features and different misalignment models (rigid, deformable, homography etc.) are studied and the results are quantitatively/qualitatively compared with dense SIFT/SIFTFlow. The proposed dense descriptors provide comparable or better results than dense SIFT/SIFTFlow which shows the high potential in this area for more thorough investigations.
Women and heart disease, the underrecognized burden: sex differences, biases, and unmet clinical and research challenges

For many years the significance of heart disease in women was vastly underappreciated, and women were significantly underrepresented in cardiovascular clinical research. We now know that cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for women. Women and men share many similarities in the pathophysiology and manifestations of heart disease. However, as research advances with the continued inclusion of more women, knowledge about gender differences between the female and male heart, both on a physiological and pathophysiological basis, grows. These differences can be found in all domains of cardiovascular health and disease, including heart rhythm, heart failure, coronary disease and valvular disease. Further understanding of gender differences in the heart is crucial for advancing our ability to maintain a healthy population and identify and treat heart disease in both women and men. Specific examples within the spectrum of heart disease will be discussed in this review paper, and areas for further research will be proposed.
Spontaneous rupture of unscarred uterus in a primigravida with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes

Intrapartum uterine rupture is a true obstetrical emergency. Uterine rupture is associated with severe maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. It is rare in the unscarred uterus of a primigravida. A 23-year-old primigravida with an unscarred uterus was admitted with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes at 36+4 weeks of gestation. Abnormal fetal heart monitoring, associated with acute onset of severe abdominopelvic pain, developed on admission. Rupture occurred prior to onset of regular uterine contractions and in the absence of any interventional oxytocin. The neonate had evidence of severe acidosis despite emergency caesarean delivery. This case highlights the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for uterine rupture, even in the unlikely setting of a primigravida with an unscarred uterus.
Basic biology of Trichomonas vaginalis: current explorations and future directions.

Trichomonas vaginalis is a member of the Parabasalia, a group of single-celled eukaryotes within the clade Excavata, which also includes parasites of genera such as Giardia and Trypanosoma . The ability to culture the parasite under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions has allowed simple manipulation in the laboratory. Studies of the basic biology of this organism not only provide important information about its unique cellular and metabolic features and contribute to our understanding of the evolution of anaerobic parasites and diversity among eukaryotes, but also contribute to the design of new drugs to cure infections. The publication of the genome sequence in 20071 identified several unique characteristics of the organism, such as the large genome size (∼160 megabases), extensive gene duplication and presence of families of transposable elements. It also facilitated data mining and the generation of ‘omic’ data sets, especially from transcriptomic and proteomic studies.2 For example, purification of hydrogenosomes and the subsequent sequencing of proteins via …
Performance virtualization and qos in shared storage systems

To handle the growing demands of data intensive applications, storage consolidation is becoming an attractive organizational paradigm. The benefits of consolidation include universal data access, sharing among users, flexibility in allocation and provisioning, and economies of centralized infrastructure management. While high-end storage arrays deliver high performance and reliability, they generally lack support for providing quality of service (QoS) guarantees. Providing best effort service alone may no longer be sufficient in future shared storage systems serving diverse client workloads. Consequently, there is a growing need for storage systems to provide mechanisms for isolating applications from each other and providing differentiated QoS to them based on their needs. Existing approaches for QoS provisioning in storage servers fall into three different categories: (1) Bandwidth allocation mechanisms, (2) Time slicing at the devices, and (3) Control theoretic approaches. However all of these approaches have shortcomings that discourage their practical use. The challenges include dealing with bursty workloads, access locality, variable workload-dependent server capacity, and the impact of fairness mechanisms on overall throughput. This dissertation makes two major contributions towards making QoS in storage systems a reality and bridging the gap between theory and practice. First, we provide algorithms with stronger performance guarantees, robust behavior, and ability to handle storage specific issues such as bursts and variable capacity. Second, we provide a framework to evaluate and improve I/O efficiency of QoS mechanisms. Towards the first goal, we propose pClock, which has several benefits over existing approaches, namely (i) ability to handle bursts in workloads (ii) de-coupling bandwidth and latency allocation (iii) allocating spare capacity to background jobs in large chunks thereby increasing efficiency. To handle the variable system capacity of storage systems, we propose the Reservation Based Fair Queuing (RBFQ) algorithm, that guarantees a certain reserved capacity to each application, while allocating the remaining capacity in a proportionate manner. We also adapt RBFQ to work in distributed storage systems such as FAB [SFV+04] and IceCube [W +06]. The algorithm provides global bandwidth in proportion to application weights while avoiding starvation at any resource. QoS and efficiency are two strongly opposing forces when it comes to sharing of I/O devices, and it is a challenge to achieve both simultaneously. We explore this trade off in further detail, and propose an adaptive algorithm for improving the I/O efficiency of fair schedulers. We show the robustness of our model by analysis and by implementing and evaluating the algorithms on real systems.
Determination of anionic surfactant in water samples by LACHAT QC8500 flow injection analysis

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of anionic surfactant in surface water by online flow injection analysis(FIA).Methods:Standards and samples were collected by the autosampler,under the impetus of the peristaltic pump,reaction with methylene blue and extraction from chloroform by membrane were conducted,then detected at 650 nm in the cell,the data was automatically analyzed by processing system.Results:The linear range of measuring was 0.010 mg/L to 1.000 mg/L(r=0.9995).The detection limit was 0.005 mg/L.The relative standard deviation(RSD) of different concentration was 2.3% to 4.3%.The recovery was between 90% to 101%.Conclusion:Compared with traditional methylene blue spectrophotometry,the proposed method can provide rapidity,high sensitivity,low detection limit,greatly improving the laboratory automation.
Stroke Incidence of Residents in Chengdu,2006-2011

Objective To understand the stroke incidence and tendency in order to provide scientific evidence for pertinent measures.Methods To analyze the stroke incidence among residents in Chengdu from 2006 to 2011 by using Excel 2003 and SPSS18.0.Results The standardized stroke incidence rate among residents in Chengdu from 2006 to 2011 rose from 87.27/105 to 152.7/105.The average stroke incidence rate was 142.71/105(standardized rate,123.04/105).The incidence of male was higher than that of female(χ2=975.97,P0.01).The main type of stroke was cerebral infarction,which accounted for 67.45% of the total and 78.39% stroke cases were those older than 60 years.Conclusion The stroke incidence through the past 6 years was rising,thus the prevention and treatment measures of stroke should be carried out in time.
Social bonds and recovery: An analysis of Hurricane Sandy in the first year after landfall

Abstract Hurricane Sandy was one of the most devastating hurricanes to hit US shores. The brunt of the impact was felt in New York and New Jersey, especially among coastal towns such as fishing communities. A survey of these two states assessed social and economic impacts to 958 commercial and recreational fishermen and fishing-related business owners 12 months post-storm. Many businesses and communities were still struggling, due to heavy infrastructure damages and revenue losses with low insurance coverage, but also to disrupted fishing patterns for some species. Social bonds were credited by many as a key aid to recovery. Social bonds (sometimes called bonding social capital) have been shown to be critical for evacuation and recovery in other disasters. However, few studies examine social bonds and disasters within the context of fisheries. This paper expands upon that topic.
MiR-29/Hsp47 in ECM network.

Cancer development and progression require extensive reorganization of extracellular matrix [1, 2]. ECM is a complex mixture of structural proteins, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans, which provide not only essential physical scaffolds to maintain tissues structure but also various biochemical signals to modulate cellular function. Altering the fine balance of ECM signal is sufficient in the long run to induce breast cancer development and progression. Although ECM has been identified as a determinant factor in the tumor microenvironment that controls cancer development and progression, but how ECM microenvironmental cues integrate at the genome level to promote breast cancer progression remains to be determined.
Mitochondrial Encephalopathy and Cytochrome C

Benefits from treatment of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (MEM) with cytochrome C (6.25 mg) and vitamins Bl (25 mg) and B2 (12.5 mg), in daily injections, are reported from Osaka University Medical School and other centers in Japan.
A note on the mechanical characterization of non-homogeneous and graded vulcanized rubbers

Ample experimental evidence exists in the literature suggesting the spatial variation of mechanical properties of vulcanized rubbers. Although standard testing methods are based on the homogeneity assumption for rubber specimens, some researchers used these tests without modification to characterize the non-homogeneous rubbers. Within the framework of non-homogeneous material models, this paper proves the inadequacy of the standard mechanical tests and suggests the full-field measurement of displacement-strain in deformed rubber specimens for an accurate characterization. This view is theoretically illustrated by analyzing the deformation of a non-homogeneous rubber slab in a standard shear test.
Spectrophotofluorescent and spectrophotophosphorescent data on insecticidal carbamates and the analysis of five carbamates in milk by spectrophotofluorometry.

The use of spectrophotofluorometry (SPF) and spectrophotophosphorimetry (SPP) for residue analyses has been limited. macdougall (1962 and 1964) reviewed the use of fluorescence for pesticide residue analysis and suggested other areas of residue analysis in which SPF might be applicable. In addition to material covered in these reviews, hydrolysis followed by SPF has been applied to the determination of Zinophos® (O,O-diethyl O-2-pyrazinyl phosphorothioate) in soil and plant tissues (KIIGEMAGI and TERRIERE 1963), azinphosmethyl [Guthion®, O,O-dimethyl S-4-oxo-l,2,3-benzotriazin-3 (4H) -ylmethyl phosphorodithioate] in milk and animal tissues (LOEFFLER et al. 1966, ADAMS and ANDERSON 1966), and Maretin (N-hydroxynaphthalimide diethyl phosphate) in animal tissues (ANDERSON et al. 1966). A fluorometric method for the analysis of methyl paraoxon (dimethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate) has been published (SKURIC 1965). In a comparison of analytical techniques for the detection and determination of five carbamate insecticides, EBERLE and GUNTHER (1965) included SPF as a method which can be used to determine carbaryl and Zectran®1 after hydrolysis. KNAAK et al. (1965) used fluorometric analysis for aqueous solutions of carbaryl and its metabolites although they reported that carbaryl showed no fluorescence in some organic solvents.
Chemokines Associated with Pathologic Responses to Orthopedic Implant Debris.

Despite the success in returning people to health saving mobility and high quality of life, the over 1 million total joint replacements implanted in the US each year are expected to eventually fail after approximately 15-25 years of use, due to slow progressive subtle inflammation to implant debris compromising the bone implant interface. This local inflammatory pseudo disease state is primarily caused by implant debris interaction with innate immune cells, i.e. macrophages. This implant debris can also activate an adaptive immune reaction giving rise to the concept of implant related metal sensitivity. However, a consensus of studies agree the dominant form of this response is due to innate reactivity by macrophages to implant debris danger signaling (DAMP) eliciting cytokine-based and chemokine inflammatory responses. This review covers implant debris induced release of the cytokines and chemokines due to activation of the innate (and the adaptive) immune system and how this leads to subsequent implant failure through loosening and osteolysis, i.e what is known of central chemokines (e.g. IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1, CCL9, CCL10, CCL17, CCL22) associated with implant-debris reactivity as related to the innate immune system activation/cytokine expression, e.g. danger signaling (e.g. IL-1beta, IL-18, IL-33 etc), toll-like receptor activation (e.g. IL-6, TNF-alpha etc), bone catabolism (e.g. TRAP5b) and hypoxia responses (Hif1-alpha). More study is needed however, to fully understand these interactions to effectively counter cytokine and chemokine based orthopedic implant related inflammation.
The Dregs of Romulus. Stoic Philosophy in Cicero’s Pro Murena and De Oratore

The dregs of Romulus reviews the evidence for Cicero’s attitude toward Stoic philosophy in the speech pro Murena, in letters of 61-60 referring to Cato, and in de oratore. None of these texts expresses any direct opposition to the core postulate of Stoic ethics, viz., that only what is honorable is good for a human being. What we do find in this group of works is a concern that adherence to a dogmatic system of ethics (1) impedes political communication, and (2) strips away the flexibility of application that is required for moral decision-making in complex situations. Cicero’s own stance as a philosophically trained politician is defined accordingly. The dregs of Romulus reviews the evidence for Cicero’s attitude toward Stoic philosophy in the speech pro Murena, in letters of 61-60 referring to Cato, and in de oratore. None of these texts expresses any direct opposition to the core postulate of Stoic ethics, viz., that only what is honorable is good for a human being. What we do find in this group of works is a concern that adherence to a dogmatic system of ethics (1) impedes political communication, and (2) strips away the flexibility of application that is required for moral decision-making in complex situations. Cicero’s own stance as a philosophically trained politician is defined accordingly.
Hyperfiltration as a Major Causative Factor in Initiation and Progression of Glomerulosclerosis

The augmentation of single-nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) that follows loss of functioning renal mass is generally regarded as a beneficial adaptation in the sense that total filtration by the remnant kidney falls less than would be the case had this augmentation not occurred. However, several lines of evidence have been developed that, when taken together, suggest that single-nephron hyperfiltration may have maladaptive and eventually injurious consequences. For nearly 50 years it has been recognized that removal of approximately three fourths or more of the renal mass in the rat, either by surgical resection, infarction, or a combination of these maneuvers, results in a syndrome of progressive azotemia, proteinuria, and eventual glomerular sclerosis.l–3
Case series of 18 patients with lower extremity wounds treated with a concentrated surfactant–based gel dressing

The purpose of this case series was to assess the performance of a concentrated surfactant–based gel (CSG) dressing on 18 patients in the outpatient setting over 4 weeks. Wounds selected were full thickness, had been presented for greater than 4 weeks, and were located on the lower extremities. Patients were given the CSG dressing and instructed on its use. On follow-up clinic visits, the wound was assessed, measurements were obtained, Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) Tool scores completed, and satisfaction with the dressing was solicited. Individual analysis of each subject's wound was conducted to determine if there was a healing trend over time with a decrease in total PUSH score. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results. Eighteen patients participated in this case series involving 9 women and 9 men with a mean age of 66 years (range from 52 to 91). All 18 of the patients had a primary diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease with 7 patients having venous leg ulcers and 11 patients with lower extremity arterial ulcers. The mean Total PUSH score before the CSG dressing was applied was 10.7 (range from 5 to 15) (standard deviation [SD] 3.09) and posttreatment was 8.3 (range from 0 to 14) (SD 4). All 18 patients had a decrease in their pretreatment score from the first clinic visit compared with the posttreatment PUSH Tool score, indicating that the CSG dressing may be an effective dressing in the management of lower extremity wounds.
Male Partner Violence

This article defines types of male partner violence and describes the physical and mental health impact on victims. The use of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as the most common psychiatric diagnosis in the United States is discussed. Recommendations for prevention and intervention at the individual and public-policy level are offered.
Cationic Grafting: The Synthesis and Characterization of Butyl Rubber- g -Polystyrene and PVC- g -Polyisobutylene

The discovery that certain alkylaluminum compounds (e.g. Et2AlCl, Et3Al, Me3Al, etc.) in conjunction with suitable alkyl halides (e.g. tBuCl, PhCH2Cl, etc.) are efficient initiating systems for the polymerization of isobutylene, styrene, etc. provides the basis for novel efficient cationic graft synthesis. By an extension of our mechanism developed to rationalize initiation in homopolymerization systems, it was postulated and demonstrated that graft copolymerizations could be initiated by suitable macromolecular halides in the presence of suitable alkylaluminum compounds: $$ P - Cl + M{e_3}Al \rightleftharpoons {P^ \oplus }MeAlC{l^\Theta }P{M^ \oplus } \to graft $$ where PCl is a macromolecular halide initiator such as chlorobutyl rubber or polyvinyl chloride and M is a cationically polymerizable monomer.
Momentum-resolved observations of the phonon instability driving geometric improper ferroelectricity in yttrium manganite.

Magnetoelectrics offer tantalizing opportunities for devices coupling ferroelectricity and magnetism but remain difficult to realize. Breakthrough strategies could circumvent the mutually exclusive origins of magnetism and ferroelectricity by exploiting the interaction of multiple phonon modes in geometric improper and hybrid improper ferroelectrics. Yet, the proposed instability of a zone-boundary phonon mode, driving the emergence of ferroelectricity via coupling to a polar mode, remains to be directly observed. Here, we provide previously missing evidence for this scenario in the archetypal improper ferroelectric, yttrium manganite, through comprehensive scattering measurements of the atomic structure and phonons, supported with first-principles simulations. Our experiments and theoretical modeling resolve the origin of the unusual temperature dependence of the polarization and rule out a reported double-step ferroelectric transition. These results emphasize the critical role of phonon anharmonicity in rationalizing lattice instabilities in improper ferroelectrics and show that including these effects in simulations could facilitate the design of magnetoelectrics. The improper ferroelectric mechanism of YMnO3 has been difficult to observe directly but is important for understanding its other interesting properties such as multiferroicity. Bansal et al. use neutron scattering and ab initio calculations to show that phonons drive the transition, confirming earlier theories.
Electron beam lithography of poly(glycidol) nanogels for immobilization of a three-enzyme cascade

Surface immobilization of multiple enzymes plays an increasingly important role in biosensor development. Traditional nanofabrication methods require multiple fabrication steps and complex syntheses which often result in limited enzyme density, modest spatial control and decreased enzyme activity over time and repeated uses, particularly when extensive synthetic modifications are applied. We employed electron beam lithography to crosslink poly(glycidol) with pre-loaded enzyme nanogels, which contain crosslinked poly(glycidol), on a silicon surface to enhance the stability and robustness of synergistic enzymes. As proof-of-concept, we immobilized three enzymes β-galactosidase, glucose oxidase, and horseradish peroxidase with and without nanogel pre-entrapment, and bioactivity was investigated via colorimetric determination with lactose substrate and o-phenylenediamine indicator. The resulting enzyme nanogel device exhibited 71% retention of bioactivity after 30 days and 5-fold higher chromogenic output compared with 32% from free enzyme devices.
An Empirical Investigation of Smartphone Adoption in Pakistan

Smartphone use has proliferated globally. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding the fast adoption of the technology at individual level, specifically for personal use. Technology adoption varies across geographic regions, and smartphone adoption is no exception. This article investigates smartphone adoption in Pakistan, which is one of the fastest growing smartphone markets. With the help from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the authors build a research model by looking at the unique characteristics of the smartphone technology and Pakistan's market. The research model is empirically tested among 289 smartphone users. The results show perceived smartphone usefulness and the ease of use contributing significantly towards users' intention to adopt smartphone. Also, smartphone design, availability of smartphone applications, and social norms increases the smartphone use. However, technical difficulty in smartphone use negatively affects its adoption. The authors also discuss the implications and future research.
The Value of Herman Melville

In The Value of Herman Melville, Geoffrey Sanborn presents Melville to us neither as a somber purveyor of dark truths nor as an ironist who has outthought us in advance but as a quasi-maternal provider, a writer who wants more than anything else to supply us with the means of enriching our experiences. In twelve brief chapters, Sanborn examines the distinctive qualities of Melville's style - its dynamism, its improvisatoriness, its intimacy with remembered or imagined events - and shows how those qualities, once they have become a part of our equipment for living, enable us to sink deeper roots into the world. Ranging across his career, but focusing in particular on Moby-Dick, 'Bartleby, the Scrivener', 'Benito Cereno', and Billy Budd, Sanborn shows us a Melville who is animating rather than overawing, who encourages us to bring more of ourselves to the present and to care more about the life that we share with others.
Resident Education in Laryngeal Stroboscopy and Perceptual Voice Evaluation: An Assessment.

Summary Objectives To evaluate otolaryngology residents’ level of confidence and understanding in interpreting laryngeal stroboscopy. Methods Otolaryngology residents from three residency programs with fellowship-trained laryngologists on faculty were invited to participate. An assessment consisting of a survey and five stroboscopic exams was administered. Each exam consisted of questions on perceptual voice evaluation, laryngoscopic findings, and stroboscopic findings. Scores were compared to answers provided by three fellowship-trained laryngologists. Results Thirty-eight of 47 invited residents (80.8%) enrolled in the study. On a five-point likert scale, residents reported low confidence (median = 2, range = 1–4) in interpreting stroboscopy, regardless of training program (P = 0.81). Mean assessment scores were 56.5% ± 11.9, with scores in perceptual voice evaluation = 68.5% ± 10.6; laryngoscopy = 70.2% ± 12.8; and stroboscopy = 45.3% ± 17.8. Residents performed worse on stroboscopy questions compared to laryngoscopy questions (P Conclusions Despite didactic and clinical exposure, residents report low confidence in interpreting stroboscopy and scored lower on stroboscopy-specific questions compared to other assessment items. Additional resources and learning opportunities are needed to improve resident confidence and comprehension of stroboscopy.
A spirit of urban capitalism: market cities, people cities, and cultural justifications

Diverse urban theories discuss how economic processes shape conceptions of a city, but less research focuses on how pragmatic situations of urban life contribute to the characterisation of cities. ...
Workers’ and Union Participation at US Workplaces

This chapter analyzes the nature of employee participation in the United States making use of the framework provided in Katz and Darbishire (Converging Divergences: Worldwide Changes in Employment Systems. ILR/Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 2000), which describes various patterns of industrial relations in union and nonunion workplaces as well as recent pressures that have increased the variation in work practices within the various work practice patterns. Historically, there has been very few cases of national-level tripartism in the United States due to the prevalence of decentralized collective bargaining, a relatively small union sector, and strong market-oriented and voluntarist traditions. This goes along with the fact that employer organizations are relatively unimportant in the United States. Since the early 1980s, some meaningful efforts of union and employee engagement in work restructuring have emerged at the shop-floor level, but these local labor-management partnerships have not broadened.
The Topology of Contextual Choice: Can Nudge Policy Work in the Real World?

Behavioral biases are action-trajectories that lie outside the space defined by neoclassical economic theory. Economists working in nudge theory, a subfield of behavioral economics, claim that it is possible to transform undefined trajectories to trajectories in neoclassical space without deforming the object that is traversing the undefined trajectory. Using basic theorems and intuition from graph theory, we demonstrate that nudge policy for integral (fully-connected) topologies of interaction may not be meaningful for nonintegral (not fully-connected) topologies of interaction, like social networks. We believe our results have major implications for the validity of nudge-type policies.
Chemical dissolution of oilfield strontium sulfate (SrSO4) scale by chelating agents

Abstract This paper investigates the chemical dissolution of strontium sulfate (SrSO4) scale, a minimally studied and common oilfield scale, in the presence of two types of chelating agents: ethylenediametetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). Formation of SrSO4 significantly decreases the well production and costs millions of dollars per year by seriously damaging the drilling and production equipment. Mineral scales can be chemically treated by addition of chelating agents to complex the metal. Chemical methods are cheaper and are easily applicable to exotic scales which are not easily accessible at high temperature and high pressure wells. In this work, the effects of chelate concentrations (12.50 mM–50.00 mM), temperatures (40 °C–80 °C), and pH (8 and 12) were investigated to determine optimal dissolution conditions. 24 h batch experiments conducted at pH 12 showed that increasing temperature from 40 °C to 80 °C results in an increase of overall SrSO4 dissolution, but the effect is more noticeable for EDTA than DTPA. The maximum dissolution is observed when the solution is slightly supersaturated with respect to EDTA or DTPA (Sr:EDTA or Sr:DTPA of 1:1.1 and 1:1.18). Kinetic experiments conducted at pH 12 showed that dissolution rate increases with increasing temperature and chelate concentrations for both EDTA and DTPA. Dissolution rates were lower at pH 8 than pH 12, suggesting optimal dissolution occurs at higher pH. Activation energies of 13.5–10.8 kcal/mol for 15 mM and 25 mM EDTA as well as 7.4–6.5 kcal/mol for 15 mM and 25 mM DTPA indicate SrSO4 dissolution as a surface controlled process. Thus, these results have provided the foundation for in-situ SrSO4 dissolution or dissolution of other common or exotic mineral scales.
Efficient authentication of approximate record matching for outsourced databases

Cloud computing enables the outsourcing of big data analytics, where a third-party server is responsible for data management and processing. A major security concern of the outsourcing paradigm is whether the untrusted server returns correct results. In this paper, we consider approximate record matching in the outsourcing model. Given a target record, the service provider should return all records from the outsourced dataset that are similar to the target. Identifying approximately duplicate records in databases plays an important role in information integration and entity resolution. In this paper, we design ALARM, an Authentication soLution of outsourced Approximate Record Matching to verify the correctness of the result. The key idea of ALARM is that besides returning the similar records, the server constructs the verification object (VO) to prove their authenticity, soundness and completeness. ALARM consists of four authentication approaches, namely \(VS^2\), E-\(VS^2\), G-\(VS^2\) and P-\(VS^2\). These approaches endeavor to reduce the verification cost from different aspects. We theoretically prove the robustness and security of these approaches, and analyze the time and space complexity for each approach. We perform an extensive set of experiment on real-world datasets to demonstrate that ALARM can verify the record matching results with cheap cost.
Data-driven decision making in power systems with probabilistic guarantees: Theory and applications of chance-constrained optimization

Abstract Uncertainties from deepening penetration of renewable energy resources have posed critical challenges to the secure and reliable operations of future electric grids. Among various approaches for decision making in uncertain environments, this paper focuses on chance-constrained optimization, which provides explicit probabilistic guarantees on the feasibility of optimal solutions. Although quite a few methods have been proposed to solve chance-constrained optimization problems, there is a lack of comprehensive review and comparative analysis of the proposed methods. We first review three categories of existing methods to chance-constrained optimization: (1) scenario approach; (2) sample average approximation; and (3) robust optimization based methods. Data-driven methods, which are not constrained by any particular distributions of the underlying uncertainties, are of particular interest. Key results of the analytical reformulation approach for specific distributions are briefly discussed. We then provide a comprehensive review on the applications of chance-constrained optimization in power systems. Finally, this paper provides a critical comparison of existing methods based on numerical simulations, which are conducted on standard power system test cases.
Sleep-related symptoms of midlife women with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.

AbstractObjectives:The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus and sleep-related symptoms among midlife women from four major racial/ethnic groups in the United States.Methods:The data from 164 participants of two larger Internet survey studies (62 wo
On the Computation of Directive Surface Plasmons Excited on Two-Dimensional Anisotropic Surfaces by a Tera-Hertzian Vertical Dipole

A rigorous and accurate method is presented for the efficient computation of the directive surface plasmon polaritons excited in conductive hyperbolic metasurfaces residing in a homogeneous medium by a vertical Hertzian dipole operating in the terahertz range. Sample numerical results are included that validate the formulation and the associated computer code.
Path analytic modeling of psychologists' openness to performing clinical work with telepsychology: A national study.

OBJECTIVE To examine whether the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) apply to psychologists' openness to using telepsychology. METHOD Participants were 1,791 psychologists currently practicing psychotherapy. Participants represented all 50 US states and averaged 26.33 (SD = 11.18) years in clinical practice. The study used a cross-sectional, national online design. RESULTS Path analyses derived from the TRA and TAM evidenced poor fit. A newly-developed, third model achieved adequate to fit in which perceived attitudes of others concerning telepsychology were associated with perceived ease of use (β = 0.25, p < .001) and usefulness (β = 0.30, p < .001) of telepsychology. Perceived ease of use (β = 0.30, p < .001) and usefulness (β = 0.32, p < .001) of telepsychology both uniquely predicted current use of telepsychology. CONCLUSIONS Organizations should adopt methods for delivering telepsychology that are easy to use and possess demonstrable utility.
Evidence for a Catalytic Strategy to Promote Nucleophile Activation in Metal-Dependent RNA-Cleaving Ribozymes and 8-17 DNAzyme

An unique catalytic strategy was recently reported for the glmS ribozyme [Bingaman et al., Nat. Chem. Biol.2017, 13, 439-445] that involves promotion of productive hydrogen bonding of the O2' nucleophile to facilitate its activation. We provide broad evidence of this strategy in the hammerhead, pistol, and VS ribozymes and 8-17 DNAzyme, enabled by a functionally important divalent metal ion that interacts with the scissile phosphate and disrupts nonproductive competitive hydrogen bonding with the O2' nucleophile. This strategy, designated tertiary gamma (3°γ) catalysis, illustrates an additional role for divalent ions in ribozyme catalysis.
Improving Student Readiness for Inquiry-Based Learning: An Engineering Case Study

During the past decade, the authors have sought to advance student research in a predominantly teaching institution. The two primary challenges were: academic - how to introduce and promote inquiry-based learning (IBL) given the constraints, and business - how to obtain and sustain funding in the area of industry-sponsored research. The authors developed a successful multidisciplinary modeling course that integrates four teaching and learning strategies and where key learning outcomes strengthen student readiness to engage in research. The course culminates with research performed as part of an IBL strategy that is relevant and supported by mentoring. The benefits include development of intellectual and practical skills that underlie a central activity of engineering design. The course structure, evidence of student work, and evolution over time to meet challenges are presented and discussed. Most importantly, the potential of this strategy to be implemented across other topical areas is addressed. Student participation in research improves learning of engineering and scientific concepts, increases interaction with faculty and industry sponsors, and provides opportunities for work in emerging technology areas. Benefits accrue both to students who pursue a research career and to those who enter applied fields by strengthening their ability to propose innovative solutions.
Small-Signal Modeling and Analysis of Virtual Inertia-Based PV Systems

Renewable energy sources normally provide low inertia, which allows a little time for controlling the system. The inertia emulation has recently been introduced for photovoltaic (PV) generation to fight against the small inertia and improve the energy efficiency. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the stability of a virtual inertia-based three-phase two-stage PV system for smart grid applications. Dynamics of DC/DC converter, DC/AC converter, AC side filter, virtual inertia controller, and controllers of the DC/DC and DC/AC converters are considered in the modeling procedure. Eigenvalue analysis is performed to evaluate the sensitivity of the design parameters on stability of a grid-connected virtual inertia PV system. Time-domain simulations using MATLAB/Simscape Power System toolbox are used to validate the eigenvalue analysis results.
Analytical and Clinical Analysis of Two Automated Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoassays in Pre-pandemic and Pandemic Patient Populations.

BACKGROUND In the absence of a safe, effective vaccine, the worldwide spread of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection will continue. Laboratory tests with ideal precision, sensitivity, and specificity should be used in public health and clinical settings to gauge the extent of virus exposure. Toward this end, we evaluated the analytical and clinical performance of the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG and the Roche Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays. METHODS Quality control, pooled COVID-19, and non-COVID-19 patient specimens were used for the imprecision study. Two hundred and forty-six specimens from 70 patients with COVID-19 diagnosis were tested to study the sensitivity. Seventy-three non-COVID-19 control specimens were measured to study the specificity. All specimens were analyzed by both assays. RESULTS Total analytic variability (CV) of the negative and positive controls were 5.5% and 3.6% for the Abbott assay and 4.5% and 1.9% for the Roche assay. Both assays demonstrated 100% qualitative reproducibility of negative and positive controls. The clinical specificities of the Abbott and the Roche assays were 100% (95% CI: 94%-100%) and 97% (95% CI: 90%-100%), respectively. The clinical sensitivities of the Abbott assay were 49% (95% CI: 41%-56%), 86% (95% CI: 74%-93%), and 100% (95% CI: 76%-100%) for samples collected at 0-6 days, 7-13 days, and ≥14 days after the first RT-PCR, while the sensitivities of the Roche assay were 55% (95% CI: 47%-62%), 86% (95% CI: 74%-93%), and 100% (95% CI: 76%-100%). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates similar analytical and clinical performance of the Abbott and the Roche SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays, but the Roche assay may be slightly more sensitive for patients tested within 0-6 days after first positive RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2.COVID-19 is a respiratory infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Laboratory tests with ideal precision, sensitivity, and specificity should be used in public health and clinical settings. We analyzed analytical and clinical performance of the Roche and Abbott SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays in pre-pandemic and pandemic patient populations. Additionally, we analyzed the sensitivity of both assays in patients at different stages of the disease. The 2 assays showed similar analytical and clinical performance, but the Roche assay may be slightly more sensitive for patients tested within 0-6 days after first positive RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2. Our findings help other clinical labs select appropriate assays for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing.
Identification and source attribution of halocarbon emitters with longwave-infrared spectral imaging

Abstract Longwave-infrared (LWIR) spectral imaging offers a means for detecting and sourcing halocarbon emissions with high sensitivity, with the principal halocarbon classes of environmental concern being detectable at flux rates of ~0.2–2 kg/h. Broad-area airborne LWIR surveys efficiently locate and speciate halocarbon emissions on local to regional scales and can promote more effective compliance efforts. Similar approaches can also contribute to the effective situational awareness and mitigation of releases resulting from infrastructure damage following catastrophic events of natural origin or occurring as a consequence of human action. Three U.S. urban domains were surveyed: Greater Los Angeles, San Francisco East Bay, and New York City. In each of the California conurbations the most frequently observed halocarbons were HFC-134a, HCFC-22, and HFC-152a while in New York HCFC-22, HFC-32, and HFC-134a were prevalent. The most common radiatively important non-halocarbon agents observed in each locale were carbon dioxide and methane.
Using aggregated field collection data and the novel r package fungarium to investigate fungal fire association.

Understanding which fungi exhibit certain ecological traits, such as habitat, host, or substrate associations, and knowing how these traits change across space and time can provide invaluable insig...