cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TH-E-224A-02: A Systematic Analysis of Patient Specific IMRT QA Data

Purpose: This is a retrospective analysis of patient specific IMRT QA data. The goal is to systematically evaluate IMRT plans and analyze factors that influence quantitative differences between calculations and measurements. Method and Materials: For each IMRT beam, planar dose is calculated using Pinnacle treatment planning system (TPS) at 10cm depth, 100 cm SAD in solid water with normal incidence of the gantry and Mapcheck measurement is performed accordingly. Absolute dose comparisons are performed between the planned and measured planar dose distributions with a 3% and 3mm criteria. A threshold is set at 10% of normalization point dose. The pass rates are categorized into the versions of TPS and delivery system. We also analyzed the outliers to see if we could a priori predict the differences between measured and calculated dose using a recently published Dose Uncertainty Model in Medical Physics.Results: A total of 427 plans with 2246 beams were analyzed; 57.7% of all beams have passing rates of at least 95%; 36% are between 85% and 95%; 6.3% are below 85%. The passing rate correlates strongly with the accuracy of beam modeling in TPS. The TPS version that explicitly modeled the MLC characteristics (leaf‐end and leaf‐side effects) had a better passing rate than the TPS version that had a simpler MLCmodel (60.7% versus 52.7% of at least 95%). The QA failure rate increases with the complexity of intensity modulation in a treatment field and with larger uncertainty of MLC beam model in the TPS. Conclusion: The accuracy of IMRT delivery is strongly correlated to the accuracy of MLC beam model in TPS. The pass rate for patient specific QA is strongly influenced by the complexity of the intensity modulation in a field. Strong relationship between position of failure and expected uncertainty was observed.
Very-high-speed liquid column chromatography the system and selected applications

Instrumentation needed to achieve very high performance (plate/s) liquid chromatography is discussed. With recently available systems using relatively short (100–125 mm) columns of conventional internal diameter (4–6 mm) and packed with 3–5 μm particles, analysis in very short times (usually 1–3 min) is possible. Coupling such columns in series provide very high performance in a time still significantly less than previously encountered. Performance of such liquid chromatographic systems is illustrated with a number of practical examples including analgesic tablets, cosmetics, soft drinks, antioxidants and polyaromatic hydrocarbons.
Recognizing face sketches by a large number of human subjects: A perception-based study for facial distinctiveness

Understanding how humans recognize face sketches drawn by artists is of significant value to both criminal investigators and researchers in computer vision, face biometrics and cognitive psychology. However, large scale experimental studies of hand-drawn face sketches are still very limited in terms of the number of artists, the number of sketches, and the number of human evaluators involved. In this paper, we reported the results of a series of psychological experiments in which 406 volunteers were asked to recognize 250 sketches drawn by 5 different artists. The primary findings are: (i) Sketch quality (artist factor) has a significant effect on human performance. Inter-artist variation as measured by the mean recognition rate can be as high as 31%; (ii) Participants showed a higher tendency to match multiple sketches to one photo than to second-guess their answers. The multi-match ratio seems correlated to the recognition rate, while second-guessing had no significant effect on human performance; (iii) For certain highly recognized faces, their rankings were very consistent using three measuring parameters: recognition rate, multi-match ratio, and second-guess ratio, suggesting that the three parameters could provide valuable information to quantify facial distinctiveness.
Renal-thyroid interrelationship in normotensive and hypertensive rats☆

Abstract An increase in the weight of the thyroid gland, accompanied by reductions in uptake and release of 131I, serum T3 and reverse T3 concentrations and an increase in serum TSH concentration, occurs during the development of renal hypertension in rats. Renal function, as assessed by BUN, serum and urinary creatinine concentrations, and ability to concentrate urine during dehydration, is depressed. The kidneys of both normotensive and renal hypertensive rats contain a thyroid depressing factor (TDF) which inhibits uptake of 131I both in vivo and in vitro as well as inhibiting the lactoperoxidase enzyme in vitro. The kidneys of renal hypertensive rats contain less, and the serum more, TDF than those of normotensive rats. Whether TDF is produced as a result of hypertension per se or as a result of renal damage accompanying hypertension remains for further study. TDF appears to be a peptide with a molecular weight in the range of 400 to 419 daltons.
Ozone and aerosol optical depth retrievals with UV rotating shadowband spectroradiometer (RSS)

The data from the UV-RSS deployed at Table Mountain, Boulder Colorado since June 2003 are used to retrieve ozone column and aerosol Angstrom coefficients in the 290nm-380nm range. Retrievals are performed from Langley regression and from direct normal instantaneous irradiance.
Theory of Motion of a Near Earth Satellite

The impaction efficiencies are plotted in Fig. 2. In general, for free molecule flow the impaction efficiency is greater than unity and approaches one as the body velocity (and speed ratio) approach infinity. The efficiency is independent of the dimensions of the impacting surface. As an example of the application of these results, one may consider the impaction of molecular clusters 10 A in diameter on a spherical body traveling at an altitude of 75 miles. At this altitude, the air temperature is 490 K (5). Assuming a cluster density of unity, the mass is about 0.5 (10) ~ gm. The average speed C» is
Direct images of vector bundles on rational surfaces

Abstract The direct images of a wide class of vector bundles over general blowups of the projective plane are characterized. Direct images are taken under a rational fibration map to the projective line. These direct images are then direct sums of line bundles, and their cohomology is isomorphic to that of the original bundles. Explicit bounds for the degrees of the component line bundles as well as complete computations are obtained. It is also shown how the datum of the second difference of a suitable arithmetic function determines a direct image.
Effects of cycloheximide on X-ray induction of chromatid exchanges in synchronous Chinese hamster cells

Abstract Chinese hamster cells growing on plastic were synchronized by shaking loose mitotic cells. X-irradiation of mitotic cells produced chromosome type exchanges only, but when metaphase cells were irradiated following a 2-h treatment with Colcemid prior to selecting the metaphase cells, with or without the simultaneous addition of cycloheximide (CHM) (25 μg/ml), 50% of the exchanges were of the chromatid type. When mitotic cells synchronized without Colcemid were plated into medium containing CHM (5 μg/ml), they divided and acquired the radioresistance characteristic of G 1 cells. However, CHM added to cells in early G 1 (1 h after plating) prevented the transition from radiation-induced chromosome exchanges to radiation-induced chromatid exchanges, which normally occurred as untreated cells entered the late G1 and early S phases. These results indicate that the decrease in radiosensitivity associated with the transition from the mitotic phase to the G1 phase is not dependent on protein synthesis. Furthermore, the hypothesis is supported that the chromosome consists of two strands, and that the association between these strands can be loosened without protein synthesis when the cell approaches mitosis. However, inhibition of protein synthesis when the cell is in early G 1 prevents the dissociation between these strands which occurs normally as the cell progresses through G 1 into the S phase.
Origin of drag folds bordering salt diapirs

Drag folds bordering salt diapirs are commonly attributed to shear from rising salt. Finite-element models demonstrate that shear deformation is only significant for extremely weak overburdens, such as those having high overpressure and ductile interlayers. Protrusions of overburden into and onto the diapir are most susceptible to folding. So-called drag folds are much more likely to initiate as drape folds of strata onlapping a downbuilding diapir, here termed flap folds for clarity. Potential for flap folding is greatest where the salt/overburden contact dips moderately and for episodic or variable timing and thickness of deposition. Moderate dip allows strata to onlap far across the diapir crest and be carried upward into a high-amplitude fold with the rising salt. Depositional hiatuses allow time for such rise without additional layers that would strengthen the onlapping wedge. Previously folded strata may block onlap of later layers. Stretching and rotation of the layers adjacent to steep parts of the diapir may cause disaggregation, slumping, and debris deposits that can be overridden as the diapir crest spreads laterally onto the overburden surface. Large changes in the relative rates of salt rise and sediment deposition can create cycles of onlap, flap folding, and spreading.
Off-task behaviours and outcomes: an exploratory investigation of a neglected domain in organisational behaviour

Bien que les travailleurs s'adonnent a la fois a nombre de tâches formelles et informelles, les recherches centrees sur le comportement organisationnel s'interessent preferentiellement aux conduites formelles et a leur produit. Quand l'attention se porte sur les comportements informels, c'est generalement pour les attenuer ou les eliminer. On soutient dans cet article que les comportements informels doivent etre pris en consideration meme si c'est la tâche a accomplir qui est l'objet de la problematique. On a, dans deux recherches exploitant des echantillons de 133 et 137 individus, releve une serie de comportements informels et etudie la relation entre leur frequence d'apparition et la satisfaction. Les implications des comportements informels sont analysees du point de vue de la nature changeante du travail. Although people at work engage in a number of on-task and off-task behaviours, the preponderance of behavioural research in organisations is directed towards on-task behaviours and the outcomes resulting from them. When attention is paid to off-task behaviours, it is usually directed at decreasing or eliminating such behaviours. The position taken here is that off-task behaviours must be understood even if our concern is with task behaviour. Two studies, with samples of 137 and 133 persons, identified a subset of off-task behaviours and explored the relationship of their reported occurrence to job satisfaction. Implications of off-task behaviour at work are discussed with respect to the changing nature of work.
Protoplasmic streaming, cytochalasin B, and growth of the pollen tube

Abstract Pollen tubes were grown in nutrient medium with increasing concentrations of cytochalasin B that inhibited cytoplasmic streaming to different degrees. The streaming of cytoplasmic particles and the growth rate of pollen tubes were measured by cinc photography and frame by frame analysis of the film. A direct correlation has been found between the concentration of cytochalasin B in the medium, the rate of cytoplasmic streaming, and the rate of growth of the pollen babe. The functioning of microfilaments is thus implicated in the control of pollen tube growth.
GaitTrack: Health Monitoring of Body Motion from Spatio-Temporal Parameters of Simple Smart Phones

Detecting abnormal health is an important issue for mobile health, especially for chronic diseases. We present a free-living health monitoring system based on simple standalone smart phones, which can accurately compute walking speed. This phone app can be used to validate status of the major chronic condition, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), by estimating gait speed of actual patients. We first show that smart phone sensors are as accurate for monitoring gait as expensive medical accelerometers. We then propose a new method of computing human body motion to estimate gait speed from the spatio-temporal gait parameters generated by regular phone sensors. The raw sensor data is processed in both time and frequency domain and pruned by a smoothing algorithm to eliminate noise. After that, eight gait parameters are selected as the input vector of a support vector regression model to estimate gait speed. For trained subjects, the overall root mean square error of absolute gait speed is We design GaitTrack, a free living health monitor which runs on Android smart phones and integrates known activity recognition and position adjustment technology. The GaitTrack system enables the phone to be carried normally for health monitoring by transforming carried spatio-temporal motion into stable human body motion with energy saving sensor control for continuous tracking. We present validation by monitoring COPD patients during timed walk tests and healthy subjects during free-living walking. We show that COPD patients can be detected by spatio-temporal motion and abnormal health status of healthy subjects can be detected by personalized trained models with accuracy >84%.
A study of small systems containing H and O atoms using nonlocal functionals: comparisons with ab initio and experiment

Structures and energies have been calculated for HO, H2O, O2, HO2, H2O2, and O3 molecules using the nonlocal functionals PW, PW91, B-P86, and B-LYP with the goal of obtaining their atomization energies. Results were compared with those from highly correlated methods and experiment. It was found that all nonlocal functionals perform similarly to or better than correlated methods MP4 and QCI (using relatively equivalent basis sets). All nonlocal energies were self-consistently calculated using the optimized geometries for each functional. None of the results contain any empirical correction except those inherent to some of the functionals. Increasing the size of the basis set when using the nonlocal functionals does not lead to any significant improvement of the energies and surprisingly it worsens the results for one of the functionals. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Writing Workshop Revisited: Confronting Communicative Dilemmas Through Spoken Word Poetry in a High School English Classroom

Workshop pedagogy is a staple of writing classrooms at all levels. However, little research has explored the pedagogical moves that can address longstanding critiques of writing workshop, nor the sorts of rhetorical challenges that teachers and students in secondary classrooms can tackle through workshops. This article documents and analyzes the work that two high school educators do to organize a writing workshop around the writing and performance of spoken word poetry. Through a qualitative case study of a four-week spoken word poetry unit, we present features of the unit that both align with tenets of traditional workshop pedagogy and focus that pedagogy on the social and cultural situatedness of literacy. We show that the teachers in this case organized the classroom as a strong discursive community (Matusov, 2007) characterized by collective engagement with a genre, anticipation of a real audience, and renegotiation of classroom authority. We then analyze two discussions that arose during the unit in...
Response frequency equalization: A bias model for psychophysics

A model for response bias in psychophysics is derived. Of the model’s two aspects, one is concerned with the generation of sensory states and the other with rules for transforming sensory states into responses. The model incorporates the bias rule that Ss tend to use available responses with equal frequency. Applications to experiments which use the method of constant stimuli are discussed. Despite the contrary claims of Restle and Levison (1971), the model not only predicts their data quite well but also, under certain conditions, does so better than the theory of adaptation level used by Restle and Levison themselves.
FINE STRUCTURE OF THE MIDDLE LAMELLA OF AGGREGATES OF PLANT CELLS IN SUSPENSION CULTURE

Up to the present, light microscopy has shown the middle lamella between plant cells as an amorphous, intercellular substance (Esau, 1965). Furthermore, this concept of middle-lamellar structure has been strengthened by the few available micrographs from electron microscopy. The micrographs seem to have been chosen to emphasize cell wall microfibrils rather than to show the components of the surrounding matrix. Hence, an
A simple and rapid method for purification of profilin from bovine thyroid.

Profilin has been purified from bovine thyroid by a new and simple method, employing affinity chromatography on DNase I-agarose and gel filtration. This procedure should be particularly useful for purifying profilin from tissues in which it is present in relatively low concentration because it does not depend on the initial purification of profilactin (profilinactin complex). Thyroid profilin, similar to profilin from other tissues, inhibits the initial rate and the final extent of actin polymerization.
Effect of an Organogelator on the Properties of Dental Composites

Bioactive dental composites containing amorphous calcium phosphate have the potential to remineralize caries lesions and white spots, but their applications are limited by the inherent weakness of ...
Experimental Mapping of Local Heat Transfer Coefficients Under Multiple Piezoelectric Fans

Piezoelectric fans have been shown to provide large enhancements in heat transfer over natural convection while consuming very little power. These fans consist of a piezoelectric material attached to a flexible cantilever. When driven at resonance, large oscillations at the cantilever tip cause fluid motion, which in turn, results in improved heat transfer rates. In this study, the local heat transfer coefficients are determined experimentally for piezoelectric fans vibrating close to an electrically heated stainless steel foil, and the entire temperature field is observed by means of an infrared camera. Various vibration amplitudes, distances from heater to fan tip (or gap), and fan pitches are considered for both single-fan and two-fan configurations in impinging orientations. Of particular interest is the increase in heat transfer performance with an additional fan present and the dependence of this increase on the variable parameters. Results show nearly uniform cooling within the envelope of vibration for single-fan experiments with small gaps, and the existence of an optimal gap distance which is dependent on vibration amplitude. The benefits of an additional fan include greater coverage area, but the resulting increase in peak convection coefficient is highly dependent on the fan pitch. Conditions exist where constructive interference is observed which causes a roughly 10% increase in peak convection coefficient while significantly increasing the coverage area. Understanding the local performance of piezoelectric fans provides an important tool to help implement these devices in practical cooling systems.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Eci1p uses a PTS1 to enter peroxisomes: either its own or that of a partner, Dci1p.

Summary Saccharomyces cerevisiae Δ 3 ,Δ 2 -enoyl-CoA isomerase (Eci1p), encoded by ECI1, is an essential enzyme for the β-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. It has been reported, as well as confirmed in this study, to be a peroxisomal protein. Unlike many other peroxisomal proteins, Eci1p possesses both a peroxisome targeting signal type 1 (PTS1)-like signal at its carboxy-terminus (-HRL) and a PTS2-like signal at its amino-terminus (RIEGPFFIIHL). We have found that peroxisomal targeting of a fusion protein consisting of Eci1p in front of green fluorescent protein (GFP) is not dependent on Pex7p (the PTS2 receptor), ruling out a PTS2 mechanism, but is dependent on Pex5p (the PTS1 receptor). This Pex5p – dependence was unexpected, since the putative PTS1 of Eci1p is not at the C-terminus of the fusion protein; indeed, deletion of this signal (-HRL-) from the fusion did not affect the Pex5p – dependent targeting. Consistent with this, Pex5p interacted in two-hybrid assays with both Eci1p and Eci1p ΔHRL . Eci1p-GFP targeting and Eci1p ΔHRL interaction were abolished by replacement of Pex5p with Pex5p (N495K) , a point-mutated Pex5p that specifically abolishes the PTS1 protein import pathway. Thus, Eci1p peroxisomal targeting does require the Pex5p – dependent PTS1 pathway, but does not require a PTS1 of its own. By disruption of ECI1 and DCI1, we found that Dci1p, a peroxisomal PTS1 protein that shares 50% identity with Eci1p, is necessary for Eci1p-GFP targeting. This suggests that the Pex5p – dependent import of Eci1p-GFP is due to interaction and co-import with Dci1p. Despite the dispensability of the C-terminal HRL for import in wild-type cells, we have also shown that this tripeptide can function as a PTS1, albeit rather weakly, and is essential for targeting in the absence of Dci1p. Thus, Eci1p can be targeted to peroxisomes by its own PTS1 or as a hetero-oligomer with Dci1p. These data demonstrate a novel, redundant targeting pathway for Eci1p.
Detection and identification of minor nucleotides in intact deoxyribonucleic acids by mass spectrometry

A mass spectral method is described for the detection and identification of unusual nucleotide residues present in DNAs. Analysis by this method of intact, underivatized DNA from salmon sperm, calf thymus, mouse L-cells, wheat germ, M. lysodeikticus, E. Coli, and the bacteriophages 0X-174, fd, and lamda, yields diagnostic ions for the four common components of DNA as well as characteristic ions for 5-methyldeoxycytidine residues. The spectrum from T2 DNA contains ions indicative of 5-hydroxymethyldeoxycytidine and 5-methyldoxycytidine components but no ions corresponding to deoxycytidine residues. The DNAs of phages fd and 0X-174 also display ion products indicative of N6-methyldeoxyadenosine residues. Additional series of ions in the spectra of all four bacteriophage DNAs suggest the presence of 5-substituted deoxyuridine residues. The detection method exhibits considerable sensitivity in that amounts of DNA as low as 0.01 A260nm units can be used in the analysis, and thus, the procedure should prove of some value in the detection and location of modified components in specific regions of the various genomes by analysis of the appropriate endonuclease restriction fragments.
Spatiality, Relativism, and Authority

experience limits the claims that can be made for authority, few have recognized that those limitations themselves may be constitutive of authority. Spatiality is such a limitation, and that suggests another conception of authority. Many have understood that the context of human experience enters into the content of the authority accepted within particular locations; few have explored the spatiality of that context. Spatiality has seldom been viewed as a resource in transcending the bounds of narrow subjective relativism. It is the purpose of this study to argue that spatiality can serve that function. The specific claim being advanced here is that human spatiality offers a perspective on the question of authority that mitigates the problem of relativism by pointing beyond a negative conception of its perspectival nature. The argument proceeds by describing briefly the nature of the contemporary crisis of authority. The second step of the argument demonstrates the way in which spatiality penetrates human experience-specifically, through embodiment, sociality, and symbolization. One of my primary concerns is to describe the spatiality of human experience and to indicate how the recognition of that aspect of experience recasts the problem of relativism. An important nexus of the argument is that human embodiment necessarily points to and grounds the relational character of human existence. The third step of the argument will sum up the contributions which an incorporation of spatiality into an account of human experience can make to the question of authority. Underlying contemporary efforts to interpret human experience in relation to questions of authority is the persistent problem of subjective relativism. That problem, which has generated a crisis of authority, may be described as the sense that one perspective on reality is as authoritative as any other. The authority that one accepts seems purely a function of life
A Preliminary Investigation of Evidence-Based Interventions to Increase Oral Reading Fluency in Children with Autism.

At present, the incidence rates of children identified with autism spectrum disorders are on the rise, leading to an increased number of school-aged children needing specialized services in public schools. Most intervention efforts in the school setting focus on behavioral interventions and/or communication and social skills remediation services for children with autism spectrum disorders. Up to date, only sparse information is available regarding evidence-based academic interventions targeting reading fluency skills for children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders. However, a wide variety of research has demonstrated that stimulus control interventions such as listening passage preview and repeated readings increase oral reading fluency in children with behavioral difficulties, learning disabilities, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The present study aimed to extend the research on reading fluency interventions to the autism spectrum disorder population. A single-subject withdraw...
An Interactive Image Analyzing System For Bio-Medicine

An interactive computer system for analyzing biomedical pictures which operates under the IBM PLAN (problem language analyzer) System is described. Various programs commonly used in picture processing such as the filtering program and image transforming programs are integrated in the system and selected to load at the execution time through problem-oriented commands. A CRT display unit is used to monitor the processed image data to pick up the objective entities and to set up the processing parameters.© (1971) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
CS03-04 - Histone methylation landscapes in prefrontal cortex reveal epigenetic risk architectures in autism and schizophrenia

Little is known about the molecular mechanisms governing developmentally regulated changes in gene expression and neuronal function during the maturation of human prefrontal cortex (PFC), including alterations in neuropsychiatric disease. Here, we separate neuronal and non-neuronal chromatin from postmortem PFC across the lifespan and map the genome-wide distribution of histone H3-trimethyl-lysine 4 (H3K4me3), an epigenetic mark associated with transcriptional regulation. Methods Neuronal nuclei from postmortem prefrontal cortex were immunotagged with NeuN antibody, and NeuN+ and NeuN- nuclei sorted separately via fluorescence-activated nuclei sorting, and purified mononuclesomes enriched for H3K4me3 analyzed by massively parallel sequencing. Neuronal H3K4me3 epigenomes were obtained from the PFC of control subjects from late prenatal to old age, and compared to epigenomes of subjects on the autism or schizophrenia spectrum. Results We present evidence for a highly regulated,’pre-programmed’ remodeling of histone methylation landscapes in immature PFC neurons that lasts at least into the early childhood years, involving hundreds of loci and a distinct set of transcription factors. Furthermore, histone methylation alterations in prefrontal neurons of diseased subjects were highly variable. As a group, loci with disease-associated H3K4me3 alterations showed a significant, 2–3 fold enrichment for genes associated with heritable risk for neurodevelopmental disease. We estimate that less than 5% of altogether 711 loci affected in our cohort of 16 autism subjects were related to a copy number variant at that site. Conclusions Taken together, these findings highlight the’epigenetic vulnerability’ of the immature PFC and point to significant overlap between the genetic and epigenetic risk architectures of major psychiatric disease. Acknowledgements Supported by Autism Speaks, the International Mental Health Research Organization, the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation, and the National Institutes of Mental Health (U.S.A.).
Choosing between growth arrest and apoptosis through the retinoblastoma tumour suppressor protein, Abl and p73

The choice between growth arrest and apoptosis is made during differentiation, leading to survival with permanent arrest (e.g. neurons), or to death (e.g. epithelium). Genotoxic stress can also cause growth arrest or apoptosis, in addition to the activation of cell cycle checkpoint pathways. The p53 tumour suppressor can simulate growth arrest and apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Thus, p53 alone is not sufficient to specify these two mutually exclusive fates in damaged cells. The retinoblastoma tumour suppressor protein (RB) is a necessary downstream effector in p53-mediated growth arrest. RB inhibits E2F and the nuclear c-Abl tyrosine kinase. Interestingly, E2F activates the transcription of p73 mRNA and c-Abl stabilizes the p73 protein and activates its pro-apoptotic function. Because of RB, the c-Abl/p73 apoptosis pathway is activated in S/G2 cells but not in G1 cells. Taken together, the current data suggests RB to be an important player in directing the choice between permanent arrest and apoptosis. The antagonism between RB and c-Abl/p73 may modulate the function of p53 to direct the choice between growth arrest and apoptosis in DNA damaged cells.
Reply to "Comment on 'Density-matrix formulation of ab initio methods of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics' "

A missing paragraph from the original work (A. Redondo, Phys. Rev. A 39, 4366 (1989)) that is being commented upon (preceding paper, Cioslowski and Levy, Phys. Rev. A 40, 6727 (1989)) is included. The relationship between this work and a theorem by Lieb (E. Lieb, Phys. Rev. Lett. 46, 457 (1981); 47, 69 (1981)) is also noted.
Sequencing proteins from acrylamide gels.

The analytical power of high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis has been coupled with mol-ecular cloning techniques to allow the sequencing of proteins directly from preparative gels.
Exploring mediators of physical activity in young adult cancer survivors: Evidence from a randomized trial of a Facebook-based physical activity intervention

Purpose: This study examined the effects of a physical activity (PA) intervention for young adult cancer survivors on changes in self-efficacy, social support, and self-monitoring and determined whether changes in these social cognitive theory constructs mediated the relationship between the intervention and changes in PA. Methods: A 12-week randomized trial compared a Facebook-based intervention (FITNET) aimed at increasing moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA to a Facebook-based self-help comparison group. Young adult cancer survivors (N=86, aged 21–39) were randomly assigned to one of the two groups. Self-report measures of PA and psychosocial variables were collected at baseline and after 12 weeks. Results: The FITNET group reported lower self-efficacy for sticking to exercise (mean change=−0.38; 95% CI: −0.62 to −0.12; p=0.025) and social support from friends on social networking websites (mean change=−0.47; 95% CI: −1.45 to 0.65; p=0.039) relative to the self-help comparison group over time. Changes in...
A biochemical basis for differences in maximal diving time in aquatic mammals.

Abstract 1. 1. Pyruvate kinase activities and cytochrome oxidase activities in five tissues (heart, brain, skeletal muscle, liver, lung) were measured in three species of diving mammals (sea lion, harbor seal, Weddell seal) with widely varying maximal diving times. 2. 2. There was increased pyruvate kinase activity in heart and brain with increasing maximal diving times. 3. 3. This suggests that enhanced glycolysis as reflected in increased pyruvate kinase activities may be important in permitting cell survival in the face of prolonged O 2 depletion. 4. 4. No similar relation was found with respect to cytochrome oxidase activity. 5. 5. The biosynthesis of key glycolytic enzymes may be geared to an increasing requirement for ATP generated by anaerobic glycolysis in aquatic mammals.
Androgen excess is the key element in polycystic ovary syndrome

In 1935, Stein and Leventhal first described the association between amenorrhea and polycystic ovaries, which we now know as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In fact, PCOS appears to be one of the more common endocrine disorders, affecting approximately 4% of reproductive-aged women (1). This disorder is also associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, type II diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, endometrial carcinoma, and psychosocial dysfunction.
Characterization of a liquid–metal microdroplet thermal interface material

Abstract This work presents the characterization of a thermal interface material consisting of an array of mercury microdroplets deposited on a silicon die. Three arrays were tested, a 40 × 40 array (1600 grid) and two 20 × 20 arrays (400 grid). All arrays were assembled on a 4 × 4 mm2 silicon die. An experimental facility which measures the thermal resistance across the mercury array under steady state conditions is described. The thermal interface resistance of the arrays was characterized as a function of the applied load. A thermal interface resistance as low as 0.253 mm2 K W−1 was measured. A model to predict the thermal resistance of a liquid–metal microdroplet array was developed and compared to the experimental results. The contact resistance of the mercury arrays was estimated based on the experimental and model data. An average contact resistance was estimated to be 0.14 mm2 K W−1.
Fluorescence and Absorption Changes in Chlorella Exposed to Strong Light: The Red Band

The reversible decrease in the apparent intensity of the main red absorption band of chlorophyll a at 680 mν upon strong illumination of Chlorella cells, described by Coleman and Rabinowitch in 1957, is shown, by a polarization method, to be due to an increase in the fluorescence yield. True absorption changes are observed at 657 mν (positive) and 648 mν (negative).
Equal-Time Commutation Relations of the Isovector Current Densities

The one-particle matrix elements of the local equal-time commutators of the isovector currents are derived by applying the Dyson representation to the causal parts of the invariant absorptive parts. Assuming the equal-time commutation relation between the total charge and charge density and also assuming certain asymptotic limits for the Dyson spectral function, we can generate the local equal-time commutation relations between various components of the currents. It is shown that, for a reasonable asymptotic behavior of the spectral function, the charge-space component has no antisymmetric (in isospin) Schwinger terms, but involves two possible $q$-numer symmetric Schwinger terms, and that the space-space components can have no antisymmetric Schwinger terms. It is pointed out that as the asymptotic behavior becomes worse, we can no longer define the equal-time commutation relations uniquely.
Prospective cognitive follow-up in primary CNS lymphoma patients treated with chemotherapy and reduced-dose radiotherapy

High-dose chemotherapy and whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) can prolong survival in primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) patients, but is often associated with clinically significant cognitive decline. In this study we assessed neuropsychological functioning prospectively in newly diagnosed PCNSL patients treated with induction chemotherapy followed by reduced-dose WBRT. Twelve patients underwent neuropsychological evaluations at diagnosis, after induction chemotherapy, and 6 and 12 months after WBRT. Nine patients completed additional cognitive evaluations 18 and 24 months post-treatment. At diagnosis, patients had impairments in Executive Functions, Verbal Memory, and Motor Speed. There was a significant improvement in Executive Functions (P < 0.01) and Verbal Memory (P < 0.05) following induction chemotherapy, and scores remained relatively stable up to 12 months post-treatment. Among the nine patients who completed a 2-year follow-up, there was a significant improvement in the Executive domain (P < 0.05) and a trend toward a decline in the Verbal Memory domain. Executive and Verbal Memory functions improved following induction chemotherapy, likely due to decreased tumor burden and discontinuation of corticosteroid and anticonvulsant medications. There was no significant cognitive decline up to 24 months post-chemotherapy and reduced-dose WBRT in this group of PCNSL patients, however, difficulties in Verbal Memory and Motor speed persisted over the follow-up period.
Plasma Lipids and Proteins and their Relationship to Coronary Disease among Navajo Indians

Coronary disease is rare among the Navajo Indians. Their plasma proteins and lipids differ from those of the population of Cleveland in that albumin is low normal and α- and γ-globulin elevated; total cholesterol was much lower. Since the diet and living habits are not strikingly different from those of the control group, it is suggested that heredity, in this case, is the most likely explanation for the low incidence of coronary disease and low level of cholesterol. Neither in the control nor Navajo group did mean serum total cholesterol rise with age.
Federal funding and R&D output in US industrial laboratories

The factors associated with inter-R&D laboratory differences in output from the R&D processes are investigated with emphasis on the influence of federal R&D on the composition of this output. An attempt is made to describe the various categories of innovative output characterizing industrial R&D and to investigate factors affecting the distribution of these activities among industrial R&D laboratories. It is shown that federal R&D allocations significantly redirect a laboratory's output, skewing it toward activities with public-good characteristics. >
Development of an electrical time domain reflectometry (ETDR) distributed strain sensor

In this paper, a detailed description for the ETDR distributed strain sensing mechanism of a coaxial cable was presented, and a signal calibration algorithm for interpreting ETDR signal waveforms was developed. In addition, a prototype coaxial ETDR distributed strain sensor with improved signal sensitivity was presented. The ETDR signal responses of the prototype sensor subjected to a concentrated lateral compression load and distributed axial tension load were experimentally tested. The test results showed that the prototype sensor has a substantially improved signal sensitivity over a commercial RG-174 cable of comparable size. It was also shown that the relation between the impedance change of the sensor and the applied axial tensile strain depends primarily on the mechanical stress–strain response of the sensor. From the test results, it was demonstrated that this relation could be empirically established with the aid of the calibration algorithm.
Characterization of glycosaminoglycans in urine from patients with nephrotic syndrome and control subjects, and their effects on lipoprotein in lipase

Abstract Previously we found that the α1-acid glycoprotein fraction from urine of patients with the nephrotic syndrome stimulated the lipoprotein lipase reaction in vivo and in vitro. The activator was separated from the α1-acid glycoprotein and identified as a glycosaminoglycan. The studies reported here were undertaken to characterize and quantify the glycosaminoglycans contained in urine of patients with the nephrotic syndrome and to compare these to the glycosaminoglycans in urine of control subjects. We found that free low molecular weight glycosaminoglycans, heparan sulfate and chondroitin 4-sulfate, are excreted in both patients with the nephrotic syndrome and controls, however, patients with the nephrotic syndrome excreted much less of both glycosaminoglycans. The free form of heparan sulfate was found to be the activator which stimulated the lipoprotein lipase reaction in vitro in the presence of apolipoprotein CII. In addition, the urine from patients with the nephrotic syndrome contained a protein-glycosaminoglycan complex which was absent in control urine. Glycosaminoglycans in the complex could be released by papain digestion or by trichloroacetic acid. Our evidence indicates that this glycosaminoglycan fraction is a low charge form of chondroitin sulfate.
The injectivity of coalbed CO2 injection wells

Abstract Though it may be possible to enhance methane production from coal by injecting CO 2 , because coal is poorly permeable it is usually necessary to inject under fracturing conditions to achieve acceptable injectivity. Concomitantly, the process of replacing methane by the injected CO 2 causes the matrix to swell. These two processes—the fracturing of the coal and the swelling—have opposite effect on the injectivity. TNO-NITG have pressure data from a CO 2 injection test in a coalbed methane field. We used the SIMED II coalbed methane simulator to history match the test behaviour and to find the most sensitive parameters affecting the injectivity of the CO 2 injection well. An analysis of the pressure records revealed both the occurrence of fracturing and the reduction in permeability that swelling induced. When applied to an extended injection simulation, the simulator showed that the most sensitive parameters influencing the injectivity were the permeability, the fracture conductivity, and the cleat system porosity. Unfortunately, due to the adsorption of the CO 2 and the fluctuations in pressure during injection tests, all these vary over time.
Parameter estimation for convolutions and compound distributions

In this paper, we consider estimating the parameters of convolutions and compound distributions using their components. We show that the component estimators of variance are always at least as efficient as direct estimators, and investigate the effects of changes in the components upon their elative efficiency.
“Did You See What I Saw?” Gender Differences in Perceptions of Avenues to Prestige among Adolescents

We use data from 1,796 college students to explore gender differences in perceptions of avenues to prestige during adolescence. Students attending seven large universities during the 1997–98 academic year provided information on the ways in which adolescents in their high schools had gained prestige with peers. The analysis reveals substantial gender differences in perceptions regarding the most common avenues to prestige. Most important, men were less likely than women to report that female students in their high schools accrued prestige through sports and grades, and more likely than women to report that male students accrued prestige through engaging in deviant behaviors, such as sexual activity, drug and alcohol use, and fighting. We discuss the findings in the context of gender differences in social perception and gender-role attitudes.
Distributed Approach to Feature Selection From Very Large Data Sets Using BLEM2

Feature selection is an important step in the preprocessing of raw data for data mining. It involves eliminating redundant and irrelevant features from the dataset to get a subset of features, which performs as efficient as the complete set. The wrapper approach to the problem of feature selection is to use an induction algorithm to select the features. Most induction algorithms fail to handle large datasets. The obvious method that can be employed to handle large datasets is "divide and conquer". This paper introduces a strategy for finding features from a collection of distributed subsets using the BLEM2 rule-based inductive learning program. Heursitcs for determinng proper number of subsets and propser subset size are proposed. The proposed strategy has been tested on the Intrusion Detection Systems dataset made available by MIT Lincoln labs.
Effect of humidity on life history characteristics of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) parasitizing maize weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae in shelled corn

Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) was reared at constant humidities of 75,56, and 43% RH at 30°C (14.6,12.8 and 11.6% grain moisture content) and a 12:12 (L:D) h photoperiod. Hosts were medium to large larvae of maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, reared on corn. Daily fecundity, sex ratio, adult survivorship, and development time were measured to calculate net reproductive rate ( R o), generation time ( T ), intrinsic rate of increase ( r m), and female adult life expectancy. Development time decreased slightly, but significantly, as humidity increased (from 11.45 ± 0.03 [SE] to 11.91 ± 0.04 d for females and from 10.71 ± 0.04 to 11.13 ± 0.05 d for males). Intrinsic rate of increase tended to increase (from 0.200 ± 0.006 to 0.223 ± 0.006) with humidity (from 11.6 to 14.6% moisture content).
Connected Kids at Head Start: Taking Office-Based Violence Prevention to the Community

Objective: The goal was to assess the acceptability and appropriateness of using a violence prevention curriculum, Connected Kids: Safe, Strong, Secure, at Head Start centers. Methods: Eight 90-minute focus groups (4 parent groups and 4 family advocate groups) were conducted at 2 Head Start centers. Each discussion was audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed for major themes. Results: A total of 63 adults (38 family advocates [92% female] and 25 parents [100% female]) participated in the 8 groups. Family advocates and parents agreed that Head Start was an important source of parenting advice and of referrals to community resources. Connected Kids topics were well received, although potential parental resistance to gun safety and discipline materials was identified. The positive nature of the advice was important to both types of groups. Brochures were generally well liked, but all groups thought that they should be linked directly to community resource information and offered as part of tailored education. Various venues for curriculum use were suggested, and formats involving multiple media were requested. Although Head Start serves preschool-aged children, parents and family advocates valued access to the full range of Connected Kids materials (for ages 0-18 years). Family advocates emphasized that supplementary materials on background information and delivery methods would be essential for effective implementation of Connected Kids at Head Start. Conclusions: Head Start family advocates and parents found the Connected Kids curriculum desirable. Although modifications might improve its usefulness, the curriculum seems acceptable and appropriate for the Head Start environment. Language: en