cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perimeter-based defense against high bandwidth DDoS attacks

Distributed denial of service (DDoS) is a major threat to the availability of Internet services. The anonymity allowed by IP networking, together with the distributed, large scale nature of the Internet, makes DDoS attacks stealthy and difficult to counter. To make the problem worse, attack traffic is often indistinguishable from normal traffic. As various attack tools become widely available and require minimum knowledge to operate, automated antiDDoS systems become increasingly important. Many current solutions are either excessively expensive or require universal deployment across many administrative domains. This paper proposes two perimeter-based defense mechanisms for Internet service providers (ISPs) to provide the antiDDoS service to their customers. These mechanisms rely completely on the edge routers to cooperatively identify the flooding sources and establish rate-limit filters to block the attack traffic. The system does not require any support from routers outside or inside of the ISP, which not only makes it locally deployable, but also avoids the stress on the ISP core routers. We also study a new problem of perimeter-based IP traceback and provide three solutions. We demonstrate analytically and by simulations that the proposed defense mechanisms react quickly in blocking attack traffic while achieving high survival ratio for legitimate traffic. Even when 40 percent of all customer networks attack, the survival ratio for traffic from the other customer networks is still close to 100 percent.
Private overlay multicast for the defense threat reduction agency collaboration center (DCC)

Growing demand for use of Internet/Web-based services in real-time distributed virtual simulation (RT-DVS) and other real-time applications is fueling extensive interest in overlay multicast protocols. These applications demand Quality of Service (QoS) and many-to-many multicast services that are not available in underlying Internet services today. This paper describes a common user Architecture for Private Overlay Multicast to support efficient communications for the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) collaborative environments and distributed simulations. Many of the processes and applications that support the DTRA operational environment require group communications, which means some form of multicasting where one process sends to a group of other processes. Multicasting, therefore, is a critical element in the deployment of scalable networked collaborative and simulation capabilities for DTRA.
The effects of paraquat on Escherichia coli: distinction between bacteriostasis and lethality

Paraquat exerted a progressively more pronounced bacteriostatic effect on Escherichia coli as its concentration was raised in the range 0-1.0 microM. In contrast, concentrations of 100 microM or greater were required before significant lethality could be observed. This bacteriostatic effect of paraquat could be eliminated by supplementation of the glucose-plus-salts medium with either yeast extract or a casein hydrolysate. This protection was seen whether the supplement was added a few minutes prior to or following the addition of paraquat and was thus not due to the inhibition of active uptake of paraquat by the cells. The lethal effect of high levels of paraquat was not influenced by supplementation of the medium with yeast extract. It follows that the bacteriostatic and lethal effects of paraquat involve attack upon distinct targets within the cell.
The Determination of Critical Rest Interval from the Intermittent Critical Velocity Test in Club-level Collegiate Hockey and Rugby Players

The intermittent critical velocity (ICV) test is used to quantify the relationship between velocity and time to exhaustion, yielding an aerobic parameter (ICV), an anaerobic parameter (anaerobic running capacity [ARC]), and critical rest interval (CRI). Critical rest interval is the theoretical rest period needed to maintain repeated bouts of exercise for an extended period of time without inducing fatigue during intermittent treadmill running. Fourteen collegiate, club-level male participants (mean ± SD; age: 21.4 ± 1.8 years; weight: 82.8 ± 5.9 kg; body fat: 11.8 ± 5.4%; and [latin capital V with dot above]O2max: 51.2 ± 2.8 ml·kg-1·min-1), primarily hockey and rugby players, completed the ICV test, using 15-second repeated sprints to exhaustion during separate sessions of treadmill running at varying supramaximal intensities. The time and total distance for each running session were used to determine ICV and ARC via linear regression. The CRI was calculated using the relationship between total distance during the ICV test and the number of intervals completed. Mean ICV and ARC (±SD) values were calculated as 4.80 ± 0.3 m·s-1 and 154.1 ± 36 m, respectively. The mean ICV values were significantly different from the mean peak velocity (±SD) (4.67 ± 0.17 m·s-1) achieved during the [latin capital V with dot above]O2max test (p = 0.011). The CRI was calculated as mean ± SD: 33.9 ± 1.9 seconds. Body fat percentage measured by air displacement plethysmography (BOD POD®; r = -0.649; p = 0.012), lean body mass (r = -0.556; p = 0.039), fat mass (r = -0.634; p = 0.015), body weight (r = -0.669; p = 0.006), and relative [latin capital V with dot above]O2max (r = 0.562; p = 0.036) were significantly correlated with ICV. The ARC (r = 0.804; p = 0.001) and velocity at ventilatory threshold (r = -0.630; p = 0.016) were significantly correlated with CRI. The ability to quantify CRI, an additional variable derived from the ICV test, provides a possible measure that can be used in the prescription and evaluation of training methods.
Testing a model of family stress and coping based on war and non-war stressors, family resources and coping among Lebanese families.

This study was undertaken to describe the objective stressors, perceived stress, coping, and resources of families living in Beirut during the Lebanese war (1975–1991) and to test a model predicting the relationships of these variables to family adaptation. The sample consisted of 438 families chosen at random. Independent variables included objective stressors and perceived stress. The mediating variables were family resources and coping strategies. The dependent variables were health and interactional indicators of family adaptation: physical and psychological health, depression, and interpersonal and marital relationships. Findings provided support for the theoretical framework. Multiple regression analyses revealed that perceived stress, rather than the objective occurrence of events, predicted family adaptation. Family resources, particularly social support, positively impacted family adaptation and was associated with increased use of cognitive coping. The findings provide a theoretical model which, on further testing, can serve as a basis for practice by health professionals when working with traumatized families.
Early morphogenetic events in normal and mutant skin development in the chick embryo and their relationship to alkaline phosphatase activity.

Abstract The relationship between the appearance of alkaline phosphatase activity and the presence of dermal condensations in the dorsal skin of the chick embryo was investigated. A histological analysis of scaleless dorsal skin has revealed that this tissue does not develop any dermal condensations. Alkaline phosphatase activity appears and is evenly distributed in these skins. This enzymatic activity is restricted to the dermal condensations in genetically normal skin. β-Aminoproprionitrile and penicillamine were found to inhibit the formation of dermal condensation in genetically normal skins. Alkaline phosphatase appeared in these experimentally altered skins. The activity was uniformly distributed throughout the tissue. It is concluded that the appearance of alkaline phosphatase activity is not dependent on the formation of discrete dermal condensations.
Philosophical parrhesia as aesthetics of existence

According to some interpreters, Foucault's encounter with the Greek and Roman ethics led him to reconsider his earlier work and to turn away from politics. Drawing mostly from Foucault's last and hitherto unpublished lecture course, this paper argues that Foucault's turn to ethics should not be interpreted as a turn away from his previous work, but rather as its logical continuation and an attempt to resolve some of the outstanding questions. I argue that the 1984 lectures on parrhesia should be interpreted as Foucault's philosophical apology, as an attempt to defend himself against the charges of moral and epistemological nihilism, which were raised in response to his earlier work. In his last lectures, the Nietzschean Foucault somewhat surprisingly describes his earlier work as authentic Socratic philosophy and as ethical practice of freedom. In the conclusion, I assess the plausibility of Foucault's apology and speculate in which direction his work might have developed, had it not been cut off by his death.
Incorporating Death into Health-Related Variables in Longitudinal Studies

Background: The aging process can be described as the change in health-related variables over time. Unfortunately, simple graphs of available data may be misleading if some people die, since they may confuse patterns of mortality with patterns of change in health. Methods have been proposed to incorporate death into self-rated health (excellent to poor) and the SF-36 profile scores, but not for other variables.Objectives: (1) To incorporate death into the following variables: ADLs, IADLs, mini-mental state examination, depressive symptoms, body mass index (BMI), blocks walked per week, bed days, hospitalization, systolic blood pressure, and the timed walk. (2) To discuss variables and settings for which this approach is helpful. (3) To use the approach to illustrate the effect of stroke on these variables.Setting: The Cardiovascular Health Study of 5,888 older adults, studied up to nine years. Mean age was 73 at baseline, and 658 had an incident stroke during follow-up.Methods: We categorized each variable, added a category for death, and examined stacked bar graphs over time. We dichotomized each variable into healthy/not healthy, assigning dead to the "not healthy" category, and calculated the probability of being healthy one year later, with the deaths set to zero. Trajectories for the 11 variables in the three years before and after an incident stroke were tabled and plotted. Other transformations were derived and discussed.Results: Graphs that did not account for death were too optimistic. Stroke had an adverse effect on all variables but systolic blood pressure (which improved) and BMI (which showed little change). The short-term effect of stroke was greatest on hospitalization, self-rated health, and IADLs. Alternative coding provided slightly different results.Conclusions: Categories or values for death can be added to a variety of longitudinal variables, permitting a description of an entire cohort's trajectory over time. These transformations provide an additional approach for longitudinal studies of the health of older adults where some people die.
Equivalent Representations of Vibration Reduction Control Problems

Control strategies for vibration reduction problems are discussed. The problem is represented as an optimal control problem, and a generalized vibration cost functional is given. Two formulations are presented where either the cost objective is minimized with a given settling time, or the settling time is minimized with a constraint on the required objective value. The selection criterion depends upon the designer's prior knowledge of the acceptable settling time, or the allowable objective limits. The current work shows the equivalence of these two formulations under some conditions on the cost functional. The resulting optimal solution is the same for both fixed-time and the free-time control problems. Discretization of the generalized vibration reduction problem is shown to be a convex problem for the fixed-time formulation and a quasi-convex problem for the free-time formulation. The two formulations are compared in terms of the solution method complexity and practical implementation.
Clustered SVD strategies in latent semantic indexing

The text retrieval method using latent semantic indexing (LSI) technique with truncated singular value decomposition (SVD) has been intensively studied in recent years. The SVD reduces the noise contained in the original representation of the term-document matrix and improves the information retrieval accuracy. Recent studies indicate that SVD is mostly useful for small homogeneous data collections. For large inhomogeneous datasets, the performance of the SVD based text retrieval technique may deteriorate. We propose to partition a large inhomogeneous dataset into several smaller ones with clustered structure, on which we apply the truncated SVD. Our experimental results show that the clustered SVD strategies may enhance the retrieval accuracy and reduce the computing and storage costs.
Targeting of p300/CREB Binding Protein Coactivators by Simian Virus 40 Is Mediated through p53

The primary transforming functions of simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40 LT) are conferred primarily through the binding and inactivation of p53 and the retinoblastoma family members. Normal p53 function requires an association with the CREB binding protein (CBP)/p300 coactivators, and a ternary complex containing SV40 LT, p53, and CBP/p300 has been identified previously. In this report, we have evaluated a secondary function of p53 bound to the SV40 LT complex in mediating the binding of human CBP/p300. We demonstrate that p53 associated with SV40 LT was posttranslationally modified in a manner consistent with the binding of CBP/p300. Furthermore, expression of SV40 LT induced the proportion of p53 phosphorylated on S15. An essential function for p53 in bridging the interaction between SV40 LT and CBP/p300 was identified through the reconstitution of the SV40 LT-CBP/p300 complex upon p53 reexpression in p53-null cells. In addition, the SV40 LT-CBP/p300 complex was disrupted through RNA interference-mediated depletion of endogenous p53. We also demonstrate that SV40 LT was acetylated in a p300- and p53-dependent manner, at least in part through the CH3 domain of p300. Therefore, the binding of p53 serves to modify SV40 LT by targeting CBP and p300 binding to direct the acetylation of SV40 LT.
Dynamic Preference for Flexibility

Following Kreps (1979), we consider a decision maker who is uncertain about her future taste for immediate consumption. This uncertainty leaves the decision maker with a preference for flexibility: When choosing among menus containing alternatives for future choice, she weakly prefers menus with additional alternatives. Existing representations accommodating this choice pattern cannot address dynamic decision situations like a consumption savings problem. We provide representations of choice over continuation problems that are recursive and take the form of Bellman equations. Two specific models are axiomatized. They feature stationary and Markovian beliefs over future tastes, respectively. The parameters of the representations, which are relative intensities of tastes, beliefs over those tastes and the discount factor, are uniquely identified from behavior. We characterize a natural notion of 'greater preference for flexibility' in terms of a stochastic order on beliefs and give an example of a Lucas tree economy, where a representative agent with greater preference for flexibility corresponds to larger price volatility in the sense of second order stochastic dominance.
The Neutral Beam Test Facility and Radiation Effects Facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory

Abstract As part of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has constructed a Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) and a Radiation Effects Facility (REF). These two facilities use the surplus capacity of the 200-MeV linac injector for the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS). The REF can be used to simulate radiation damage effects in space from both natural and man-made radiation sources. The H− beam energy, current and dimensions can be varied over a wide range leading to a broad field of applications. The NBTF has been designed to carry out high precision experiments and contains an absolute reference target system for the on-line calibration of measurements carried out in the experimental hall. The H− beam energy, current and dimensions can also be varied over a wide range but with tradeoffs depending on the required accuracy. Both facilities are fully operational and will be described together with details of the associated experimental programs.
Relations between Rice Ie-function and Marcum Q-function with applications to error rate calculations

Useful relations connecting the Rice Ie-function and the Marcum Q-function are presented. A function P(U,V), closely related to the Ie-function, is applied to bit and symbol error probability calculations and shown to lead to expressions that are simpler and more elegant than corresponding results written in terms of the Q-function. [This Letter first appeared in print in 1995, issue 20, p.1717–1719, and has been reprinted due to the number of typographical errors.]
Fast simulation of packet loss rates in communication networks with priorities

We review some recently developed fast simulation concepts and techniques used for estimating the probability of rare buffer overflows in a class of queueing models that arise in the analysis of ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) communication networks. We then discuss some new applications of these concepts to estimate buffer loss probabilities in ATM networks where packets have different types of priorities.
Inflammatory markers increase following exposure to radiographic contrast media.

Abstract Purpose: Increased levels of markers of systemic inflammation have been noted in patients following coronary angiographic procedures. The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of the type of the angiographic procedure as well as the type of radiographic contrast media (RCM) on markers of inflammation. Material and Methods: Thirty-seven patients undergoing diagnostic or interventional coronary angiographic procedures were randomly assigned to receive one of three RCM − an ionic low osmolar agent; a non-ionic, iso-osmotic agent; or a non-ionic, low osmolar agent. Sera were analyzed at baseline (prior to receiving RCM), and at 2, 6 and 24 h thereafter for interleukin (IL)-6 and soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-1 and TNFα- 2. Results: Statistically significant increases over time in each RCM group were noted for IL-6 and both TNFα receptors. Comparable increases in inflammatory markers were observed in patients undergoing diagnostic angiography and in pa...
Efficient Space-Time Codes Derived from Quasi-Orthogonal Structures

We propose a new class of block codes that outperforms known space-time block codes at low rates. The new codes are designed by starting with a quasiorthogonal structure, and then making certain modifications to increase the coding gain distance. By using appropriate rotations and set partitions for two quasi-orthogonal codes, and combining subsets of their codewords, we are able to obtain higher coding gain distance at a given rate, and thus improve performance. Simulations confirm the advantages of this code compared to other codes operating at the same rate and SNR. We also provide an efficient ML decoding algorithm for the new code.
A chapter in the development of Alzheimer's disease research: a case study of public policies on the development and funding of research programs.

Abstract Although Alzheimer's disease, as a clinical-neuropathologic entity, was described 100 years ago by Alois Alzheimer, the preponderance of knowledge about the disease has accumulated since the 1970s. The dramatic advances in research during the last three decades propelled the disease from near obscurity to the forefront of modern biomedical science. The remarkable transformation of this field of study is reflected by the exponential increase in the number of investigators, publications, and funded projects. The current preeminence of dementia research is largely due to the increasing numbers and quality of significant breakthroughs in understanding the molecular neurobiology of the disease. Multiple promising leads have created an atmosphere of optimism about the prospects of discovering effective interventions to delay the progression of the disease. Some of the key factors that influenced the pace of progress and helped to change the "status" of dementia research were: a) increases in research funding, b) recruitment of new scientific talent, with a convergence of know-how and technologies, c) several crucial discoveries in molecular neurobiology, and d) National Institute on Aging initiatives to promote interdisciplinary research programs by creating a nationwide network of collaborating investigators and a research infrastructure/resource. This is an account of how the evolution of research into Alzheimer's disease occurred: a story about the critical findings, people, and public policies that influenced the amazing progress in understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of the disease and in setting the stage for the discovery of a cure.
Synthesis and evaluation of a series of quinolinyl trans-cyanostilbene analogs as anticancer agents

A series of novel trans-2-quinolyl-, 3-quinolyl- and 4-quinolyl cyanostilbene derivatives were synthesized as analogs of combretastatin A-4 (CA-4), and evaluated for anticancer activity against a panel of 60 human cancer cell lines. The quinolin-2-yl and quinolin-3-yl analogs containing trimethoxyphenyl (10 and 16, respectively) or dimethoxyphenyl (12 and 18, respectively) moieties showed growth inhibition against all the cancer cell lines in the panel, with GI50 values generally <1 μM. Quinolin-2-yl-analog 10 exhibited potent growth inhibition against MDA-MB-435 melanoma and NCI-H522 non-small cell lung cancer line with GI50 values of 33 nM and 37 nM respectively. Quinolin-2-yl-analog 12 showed potent growth inhibition against NCI-H522 non-small cell lung cancer lines with a GI50 value of 94 nM. Quinolin-3-yl-analog 18 exhibited potent growth inhibition against MDA-MB-435 melanoma and NCI-H522 non-small cell lung cancer lines with GI50 values of 53 nM and 69 nM, respectively. Thus, structural modification of the CA-4 molecule has afforded compounds with potential clinical utility in the treatment a variety of different solid tumors.
A novel 3T3-L1 preadipocyte variant that expresses PPARγ2 and RXRα but does not undergo differentiation

This report describes a novel adipocyte-like cell line termed 3T3-L1/RB1 that was derived from preadipo- cyte cell line, 3T3-L1. The 3T3-L1/RB1 cells continued to divide after reaching confluence, formed foci, and constitu- tively expressed a low level of adipose fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) mRNA. However, 3T3L-1/RB cells did not undergo terminal differentiation as indicated by the failure of insulin and thiazolidendiones to induce the ex- pression of A-FABP, lipoprotein lipase, and fatty acid syn- thase. We hypothesized that the 3T3-L1/RB1 variant did not respond to differentiation stimuli because it did not express either peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor g 2 (PPAR g 2) or its heterodimer partner, retinoid X receptor a (RXR a ). Surprisingly, Western blots revealed that 3T3-L1/ RB1 cells contained both PPAR g 2 and RXR a proteins at levels equal to or greater than that of the parent cell line. However, gel retardation assays using the adipose response element from A-FABP and nuclear protein extracts from 3T3-L1/RB1 cells treated with insulin or pioglitazone re- vealed that nuclear protein extracts from 3T3-L1/RB1 cells had very little ability to bind the PPAR g 2 recognition se- quence of the A-FABP gene. These data suggest that the 3T3-L1/RB1 variant contains a mutation that may prevent ligand activation of PPAR g 2, and the subsequent conver- sion of 3T3-L1/RB1 cells to mature fat cells.— Baillie, R. A., X. Sha, P. Thuillier, and S. D. Clarke. A novel 3T3-L1 preadi- pocyte variant that expresses PPAR g 2 and RXR a but does not undergo differentiation. J. Lipid Res. 1998. 39: 2048- 2053.
PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL MODELS OF HIPPOCAMPAL FUNCTION IN LEARNING AND MEMORY

We review current computational models of hippocampal function in learning and memory, concentrating on those that make strongest contact with psychological issues and behavioral data. Some models build upon Marr's early theories for modeling hippocampal field CA3's putative role in the fast, temporary storage of episodic memories. Other models focus on hippocampal involvement in incrementally learned associations, such as classical conditioning. More recent efforts have attempted to bring functional interpretations of the hippocampal region in closer contact with underlying anatomy and physiology. In reviewing these psychobiological models, three major themes emerge. First, computational models provide the conceptual glue to bind together data from multiple levels of analysis. Second, models serve as important tools to integrate data from both animal and human studies. Third, previous psychological models that capture important behavioral principles of memory provide an important top-down constraint for developing computational models of the neural bases of these behaviors.
Determinants of How Students Evaluate Teachers

Abstract: Convincingly establishing the determinants of student evaluation of teaching (SET) scores has been elusive, largely because of inadequate statistical methods and a paucity of data. The author uses a much larger time span than in any previous research—607 economics classes over 17 semesters. This permits a proper treatment of unobserved heterogeneity. Results indicate that instructors can buy higher SET scores by awarding higher grades. In principles classes, the level of experience of the instructor and the class size are found to be significant determinants of SET scores. In upper-division classes, the type of student and the response rate matter. In both types of classes, factors specific to courses, instructors, and time periods are important; adjustments of scores to remove these influences may be warranted.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α–Induced Protein 3 As a Putative Regulator of Nuclear Factor-κB–Mediated Resistance to O6-Alkylating Agents in Human Glioblastomas

Purpose Pre-existing and acquired drug resistance are major obstacles to the successful treatment of glioblastomas. Methods We used an integrated resistance model and genomics tools to globally explore molecular factors and cellular pathways mediating resistance to O6-alkylating agents in glioblastoma cells. Results We identified a transcriptomic signature that predicts a common in vitro and in vivo resistance phenotype to these agents, a proportion of which is imprinted recurrently by gene dosage changes in the resistant glioblastoma genome. This signature was highly enriched for genes with functions in cell death, compromise, and survival. Modularity was a predominant organizational principle of the signature, with functions being carried out by groups of interacting molecules in overlapping networks. A highly significant network was built around nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which included the persistent alterations of various NF-κB pathway elements. Tumor necrosis factor-α–induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) was...
In Vitro Effects of Dentin Matrix Protein-1 on Hydroxyapatite Formation Provide Insights into in Vivo Functions

Dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1) is a mineralized tissue matrix protein synthesized by osteoblasts, hypertrophic chondrocytes, and ameloblasts as well as odontoblasts. DMP1 is believed to have multiple in vivo functions, acting both as a signaling molecule and a regulator of biomineralization. Using a cell-free system in vitro, we evaluated the action of DMP1 in the regulation of hydroxylapatite (HA) formation and crystal growth. The non-phosphorylated recombinant protein acted as an HA nucleator, increasing the amount of mineral formed in a gelatin gel HA growth system relative to protein-free controls. The recombinant protein phosphorylated in vitro had no detectable effect on HA formation and growth. In contrast, phosphorylated bovine DMP1 expressed in marrow stromal cells with an adenovirus vector containing 29.7 phosphates/mol was an effective inhibitor of HA formation and growth. The native full-length protein appeared to be absent or present in only small amounts in the extracellular matrix of bones and teeth. However, two highly phosphorylated fragments representing the N- and C-terminal portions of DMP1 have been identified, apparently arising from proteolytic cleavage of four X–Asp bonds. The highly phosphorylated C-terminal 57-kDa fragment (containing 42 phosphates/mol), like the non-phosphorylated DMP1, was an HA nucleator. These data suggest that, in its native form, DMP1 inhibits mineralization, but when cleaved or dephosphorylated, it initiates mineralization. These in vitro data are consistent with the findings in the DMP1 knockout mouse.
The Nigerian Military and the Issue of State Control of Mission Schools

Education is fundamental to any society. In its broadest sense it includes not merely curriculum and educational theory but all of the pressures that help to shape peoples' minds. Education, both formal and informal, is the vehicle through which society transmits its values, its “dreams”, and its worldview to its youth. Precolonial southern Nigerian societies had created educational systems that promoted their own values and moral standards as the guiding principles for their children. The function of such education, in addition to occupational preparation in agriculture, crafts, and religion, was the inculcation of a sense of communal responsibility. Christian missionaries who came in the nineteenth century brought with them European culture and traditions. These traditions were propagated and concretized in the mission schools which were tolerated by the British colonial government. But the colonial government frequently reexamined its views concerning the objectives of the mission schools. During the nationalist period (1945–1960) the nature of politics, particularly in southeastern Nigeria, led to further reevaluation of the basic role of missions in secular education. Then the military officers came to power in 1966. They shared the perspective that the idea of the elimination of mission schools within the Nigerian educational system again should be given serious consideration.
Bioabsorbable coronary stents.

Placing a coronary stent during angioplasty minimizes reduces of acute vessel occlusion [1] and restenosis [2]. Although permanent metallic stents are effective in preventing recoil and late restenosis after coronary angioplasty, they continue to have limitations such as stent thrombosis and mismatch of the stent to the vessel size. In-stent restenosis is the major shortcoming of conventional (permanent-implant) stent therapy. To mitigate the adverse effects of metallic stents, drug-eluting stents have been developed. These also act as time-released delivery mechanisms for antiproliferative agents, thus further reducing restenosis. There is no clear advantage, however, of having stents remaining in the coronaries after they are endothelized. On the contrary, there are documented disadvantages since incomplete healing can induce a chronic inflammatory state increasing the risk for thrombosis [3]. Permanently implanted stents can also impair endothelial function [4], prevent late favourable remodelling [5], and hamper future imaging and reintervention. Thus, the concept of bioabsorbable stents has emerged as a viable alternative to permanent stents. The idea behind the bioabsorbable stents is to develop a device that provides scaffolding in the periprocedural phase and during short-term follow-up. Bioabsorbable stents, once they are bioabsorbed, leave behind only the healed natural vessel, allowing restoration of vasoreactivity with the potential of vessel remodelling. Late stent thrombosis is unlikely since the stent is gone, and prolonged antiplatelet therapy is not necessary in this instance. Bioabsorbable stents can also be suitable for complex anatomy where stents impede on vessel geometry and morphology and are prone to crushing and fractures, such as is seen in saphenous femoral and tibial arteries. Bioabsorbable implant stents can be used as a delivery device for agents such as drugs and genes, and will perhaps play a role in the treatment of vulnerable plaque [6]. In addition, drug-eluting bioabsorbable stents can deliver antiproliferative agents to reduce restenosis and then dissolve over time, thereby eliminating the disadvantages associated with permanent stents. In this paper we will briefly review the technology, preclinical, and initial clinical experimental studies regarding bioabsorbable stents.
Comparing the PPAT Drawings of Boys with AD/HD and Age-matched Controls Using the Formal Elements Art Therapy Scale

This descriptive, matched-pair pilot study explores whether children with AD/HD respond differently to a specific art directive compared to children without learning or behavioral disorders. Two groups of boys aged 6 to 11, one group diagnosed with AD/HD and the other with no known learning or behavior problems (n = 5X2), were asked to "Draw a Picture of a Person Picking an Apple from a Tree" (PPAT). Using the Formal Elements Art Therapy Scale (FEATS) containing 15 global art elements, five raters, blind to the hypotheses, evaluated their drawings. Statistical analysis (p = < 0.05) including Pearson coefficient to estimate inter-rater reliability, ANOVA, and logistic regression, indicated three FEATS elements in the PPAT that together would most accurately predict the artists into the AD/HD group: Color Prominence, Details of Objects and Environment, and Line Quality. Implications for these findings for art therapy research and practice are discussed.
An Extended Procedure for Implementing the Relative Operating Characteristic Graphical Method

Abstract The functional relationship between the relative operating characteristic (ROC) and the economic value (EV) graphical methods have been exploited to develop a hybrid procedure called the extended ROC (EROC) method. The EROC retains the appealing simplicity of the traditional ROC method and the ability of the EV method to provide evaluation of the performance of an ensemble climate prediction system (EPS) for a hypothetical end user defined by the cost–loss ratio (μ = C/L). An inequality defining the lower and upper theoretical bounds of μ has been derived. Outside these limits, the EPS yields no added benefits for end user μ relative to the use of climatological persistence as an alternative prediction system. In the traditional ROC graphical method, the ROC skill (ROCS) is often expressed in terms of the area between the ROC graph and the diagonal baseline passing through the origin with slope m = 1. Thus, ROCS = 2A − 1, where A is the area under the ROC graph. In the proposed EROC approach, a m...
Treatment of Refinery Waste by Physicochemical Processes

Treatment of a refinery waste was attempted by physicochemical processes to evaluate the feasibility of yielding high quality, reusable effluents. The combined use of iron coagulation at a dosage of 250 mg per l as FeCl 3 · 6H 2 O and 3-ft carbon column adsorption (either operated as fixed-bed or expanded-bed adsorber) was able to produce effluents of exceptionally high water quality having TOC of less than 3 mg per l and turbidity of less than 1 JTU. However, small quantities of organic leakage were observed consistently in all adsorber effluents. The nature of these nonadsorbable organic materials was not established. Orthophosphate removal was effected by chemical coagulation while nitrogen (ammonia and organic nitrogen) was not. Carbon adsorbers were not able to remove any of the above inorganic nutrients.
The effect of video game interaction on walking intensity: Preliminary study of young, older adults and persons post-stroke

Intro: Multiple barriers and facilitators limit physical activity for young and older healthy adults as well as individuals post-stroke. Barriers have found to differ between populations with pain and fatigue as limiting factor for persons post-stroke compared to motivation and time for healthy controls. The use of video games may serve the dual purpose of increasing motivation and distracting participants from pain or fatigue. While exercise intensity during video game play has been fairly well characterized in young adults, less is known about their ability to increase exercise intensity in older adults and people post-stroke. Further most of these games have been studied without coupling them to existing exercise devices. Therefore the purpose of this preliminary study was to determine if the addition of a video game to an already familiar task of treadmill walking increased exercise intensity (measured with HR, cadence and speed) and decreased perceived rate of exertion (RPE) for young, older adults and persons post-stroke. Methods Young (n= 6), older adults (n=5) and individuals post-stroke (n=5) participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to walk and step on a treadmill with and without the Nintendo Wii Fit Free Running video game for three-minute bouts. HR, cadence and speed were measured. Data were analyzed using a 2 × 2 RM Factorial ANOVA to compare young and older adults and older adults and people post-stroke. Paired t-tests corrected for multiple comparisons were used as Post-hoc tests. Results: Young vs Older Adults: There was a significant interaction for HR (F = 5.3; p=.047), Young participants had a higher heart than older adults with the VE. There was a significant difference in cadence (main effect for VE (F = 11.8, p = .007). Both young (t = 2.5, p =.049) and older adults (t= 2.8, p = .048) increased their cadence with the VE. There was a significant difference in speed (F= 7.482, p= .023), younger adults were faster than older adults. Older vs Post-Stroke There were significant differences between groups for HR (F = 19.076, p = .003), cadence (F= 22.8 p=.002) and speed. Conclusion: The addition of video game to treadmill walking increased exercise intensity for young participants (HR and cadence) and older adults (cadence) but not for persons post-stroke.
Immunologic treatment of tumors.

SummaryWe produced antibodies by injecting cancer cells obtained from Walker 256 tumor into rabbits; after several injections of the cell antigen, the rabbits were exsanguinated, and the serum fractionated. Antibodies to normal tissue were adsorbed out by exposure to normal tissue. Injection of the globulin fraction prevented “takes” of Walker 256 cells in slightly over half of rats inoculated with 10,000 cells. The globulin antibody solution produced a decrease in size by about one quarter when given to rats with tumors 2 to 3 cm in diameter, but the tumor masses did not disappear. The method was tried in 2 patients with decrease in size of the tumor but not disappearance.
NI-80CASE REPORT: TREATMENT RESPONSE IN LEPTOMENINGEAL CARCINOMATOSIS FROM GLIOMATOSIS CEREBRI TREATED WITH BEVACIZUMAB (AVASTIN)

Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) is a diffuse glioma, usually astrocytic with remarkable infiltration in at least 3 cerebral lobes considered a Grade III tumor according to WHO classification. Leptomeningeal gliomatosis(LG) occurs in 17% of patients with GC, although reported as microscopic dissemination in up to 70% of post-mortem studies amongst all gliomas. GC is a very rare and aggressive glioma, while, leptomeningeal metastasis is a severe complication of malignancy, both presenting with very poor prognosis. There is limited data on standard of care for these patients. Bevacizumab is an anti-angiogenic drug approved for treatment of malignant gliomas. Studies have shown prolongation of progression-free survival and improvement of quality of life. There are a few reports of Avastin being used for GC or LG. We report a case of a 52 year-old male presenting with 3 weeks of nausea and vomiting, preceded by 12 months of mild cognitive decline. MRI studies revealed extensive areas abnormal Flair signal and diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement seen throughout the brain and spinal cord. Diagnosis of GC with leptomeningeal dissemination was confirmed with brain biopsy. The patient completed radiotherapy and received Temozolomide, in addition to 6 intrathecal cytarabine injections. A repeat MRI showed progression of disease and therapy was switched to Avastin. We monitored his progress with serial MRI's, which revealed marked decrease in size and enhancement of previous lesions, consistent with a response to Avastin. The patient remained clinically stable during this interval. A literature review of patients already on Avastin for systemic malignancies revealed some case reports of patients progressing to LG. A decrease in enhancement of lesions was also observed in these patients. However, there are few reported cases of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis secondary to GC. These MRI changes may be clinically relevant and additional studies are required to further investigate a correlation.
Suppression of adjuvant disease by bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG).

Par l'administration du vaccin BCG nous avons observe la reduction des symptomes provoques chez le rat par l'injection intradermique de l'adjuvant complet de Freund (maladie ou arthrite d'adjuvant). Cet effet peut etre attribue a une action directe du BCG sur certaines populations de lymphocytes.
Lattice Model for Silica Polymerization: Monte Carlo Simulations of the Transition between Gel and Nanoparticle Phases

We present Monte Carlo simulations of a lattice model describing silica polymerization with an emphasis on the transition between gel states and nanoparticle states as the pH and silica concentration are varied. The pH in the system is controlled by the addition of a structure-directing agent (SDA) of the type SDA(+)(OH(-)). The silica units are represented by corner-sharing tetrahedra on a body-centered cubic lattice and the SDA(+) species by single sites with near-neighbor repulsions. We focus on two systems: one with a low silica concentration with composition comparable to that of the clear solution silicalite-1 zeolite synthesis and a high silica concentration system that leads to gel states. In the dilute system, clusters have a core-shell structure, with the core predominantly comprised of silica with some SDA(+) cations, surrounded by a shell of only SDA(+) cations. Moreover, the average cluster size gradually decreases from 2 to 1.6 nm with increasing pH. The concentrated system forms a gel that remains stable to increasing pH up to about 9.2. At pH values in the range of 9.2-10, the gel transforms to nanoparticles of size around 1.0 nm, surprisingly smaller than those in the dilute system. We also study the evolution of the Q(n) distribution (a measure of the silica network structure) for both systems and obtain good agreement with (29)Si NMR data available for the concentrated system.
A Comparison of VDT Antireflection Treatments

Operators of video display terminals often cite specular screen reflections as a major source of annoyance. The current study used a legibility task to compare the effectiveness of three antireflection treatments: nylon mesh filter, quarter-wavelength thin film coating, and direct surface etching. Performance and preference data revealed very little difference among the three treatments. All were effective relative to an untreated polished glass screen when light sources were deliberately arranged to produce unavoidable screen reflections.
Experimental Study of Measuring Point Selection for Transformer Vibration Detection

The selection of measuring points is very important for the vibration detection of transformers.Based on the effective selection principle and developed detection equipment,a series of experiments were conducted on one 220 kV transformer with fixed-frequency and variable current.Finally,according to the analysis of experiment results,the principles are summarized for measuring point selection.
103 A CASE REPORT OF OPHTHALMIC AND CUTANEOUS SECONDARY PLASMACYTOMAS IN A PATIENT WITH MULTIPLE MYELOMA.

Purpose To report an unusual presentation of ophthalmic and cutaneous plasmacytomas in a patient with relapsed multiple myeloma. Methods A 57-year-old Hispanic female with IgG lambda multiple myeloma (MM) diagnosed in 2001 was treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy. She obtained a complete response lasting for 2 years before presenting with complaints of headache and right-sided blurred vision. Furthermore, she was found to have worsening fatigue and increasing bony pain. Upon physical exam, she was found to have two new small nodules on her right anterior chest wall and one new nodule on her right anterior abdominal wall. During examination of her right eye, a lesion was found in her conjunctiva and another in the right lateral rectus muscle insertion. All lesions were biopsied. Results Histopathologic examination of all five lesions was consistent with plasmacytomas. She was treated with bortezomib and obtained a partial response by decreased quantitative immunoglobulins. Due to intolerability, she was switched to thalidomide. Thalidomide was quickly discontinued due to rash, and she was referred to our tertiary care center for evaluation for autologous bone marrow transplantation. Conclusions Ophthalmic presentations of MM are rare. Those patients who present with primary ocular or orbital plasmacytomas are considered to have localized disease and have a median survival of 8.3 years. On the other hand, our patient had secondary plasmacytomas of the eye with relapsed systemic disease. These patients tend to do poorly, with a median survival of approximately 20 months. Our patient provides a good example of the rare presentation of ophthalmic plasmacytoma with MM.
The expandability of MVC design pattern in Web application frame

The MVC design pattern is widely used in software development. This paper introduces the application in web applications, and describes a new design pattern on the basis of MVC.And the new one can improve maintainability,expandability.And by using of message queue cache, the performance will be optimized at the same time.
Visual Framing, Stigmatization, Race, and Obesity: Examining Television News Presentation of Stories about Obesity and Stories about Health

This study conducted a content analysis to examine how weight and race/ethnicity impacted how people were portrayed in the imagery accompanying broadcast and cable television news stories about obesity compared to stories about health. Five hundred and seven people were analyzed in 135 stories. Results showed that people who were overweight were often shown as an isolated body part, but their portrayal was not entirely stigmatizing. Overweight people were often shown exercising, which combats weight stereotypes. Additionally, race/ethnicity did not make the portrayal more stigmatizing. The results of the content analysis are discussed with an emphasis on the larger implications of the findings.
Cutting collaborations will not put 'America first'.

Supporting scientists in the developing world is in the United States’ self-interest, argues Wasim Maziak.
SWOT analysis as a tool of evaluation the municipalities potential.

The paper deals with analysis of particular hypothesis for development the choice municipalities (rural or town) which find in piedmont areas in South Bohemia. On the basis of evaluation of data was set up SWOT analysis of separate factors influencing developing potential of these municipalities. It's impressed especially with their position and possibilities of obtaining financial resource from dotation of European Union Funds.