cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidant stress in the rat kidney.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced renal oxidant injury and the role of nitric oxide (NO) were evaluated using the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor L-iminoethyl-lysine (L-NIL). One group of male rats received LPS (Salmonella minnesota; 2 mg/kg, i.v.). A second group received LPS plus L-NIL (3 mg/kg, i.p.). A third group received saline i.v. At 6 hr, iNOS protein was induced in the kidney cortex, and plasma nitrate/nitrite levels were increased from 4 +/- 2 nmol/mL in the Saline group to 431 +/- 23 nmol/mL in the LPS group. The value for the LPS + L-NIL group was reduced significantly to 42 +/- 9 nmol/mL. LPS increased blood urea nitrogen levels from 13 +/- 1 to 47 +/- 3 mg/dL. LPS + L-NIL reduced these levels significantly to 29 +/- 2 mg/dL. Plasma creatinine levels were unchanged in all groups. Tissue lipid peroxidation products in the kidney were increased from 0.16 +/- 0.01 nmol/mg in the Saline group to 0.30 +/- 0.03 nmol/mg in the LPS group. LPS + L-NIL reduced the values significantly to 0.22 +/- 0.02 nmol/mg. Intracellular glutathione levels were decreased in the kidneys from 1.32 +/- 0.1 nmol/mg in the Saline group to 0.66 +/- 0.08 nmol/mg in the LPS group. LPS + L-NIL increased the levels significantly to 0.99 +/- 0.13 nmol/mg. LPS increased the 3-nitrotyrosine-protein adducts in renal tubules as detected by immunohistochemistry, indicating the generation of peroxynitrite. L-NIL decreased adduct formation. These data indicated that LPS-induced NO generation resulted in peroxynitrite formation and oxidant stress in the kidney and that inhibitors of iNOS may offer protection against LPS-induced renal toxicity.
Effect of grain alignment on lateral carrier transport in aligned-crystalline silicon films on polycrystalline substrates

We report the studies on the effect of grain alignment on lateral carrier transport in nominally 〈001〉-oriented aligned-crystalline silicon (ACSi) films on polycrystalline substrates. With improving grain alignment, energy barrier height at the grain boundaries was reduced from 150 to less than 1 meV, and both conductivity and Hall mobility became less sensitive to hydrogen passivation. This suggests that the dangling bonds in ACSi films are a major source of trapping sites, and that they become less dominant with improving grain alignment. These results demonstrate that improving grain alignment enhances the lateral carrier transport in small-grained (≤1 μm) polycrystalline silicon films, by reducing dangling bond density at the grain boundaries.
Public responses to the Chernobyl accident

The reactor accident at Chernobyl caught many European nations by surprise since most risk management institutions were unprepared for an accident of the magnitude and transnational character of Chernobyl. Although confusion and contradictory advice from these institutions dominated the risk management efforts in the early aftermath of the disaster, the dose savings achieved by protective actions were roughly proportional to the magnitude of the nuclear threat. The accident itself and the policies adopted to cope with the fallout had a major effect on public opinion. This effect was the more dramatic and enduring, the more a country was affected by the fallout and the higher the percentage of indifferent positions toward nuclear power was prior to the accident. The media certainly intensified public concern, but did not distort the seriousness of the risk or create confusion about what protection actions were adequate. The major lesson from the disaster is to have a better risk management and communication program in place before a disaster strikes.
Reconstructing contiguous regions of an ancestral genome

The increasing number of mammalian genome sequences becoming available provides scientists with dramatic opportunities to better understand human evolution. Comparative genome analysis enables us to computationally reconstruct an ancestral mammalian genome by comparing the genomes of living descendants. Here, we introduce new methods and tools for identifying large-scale rearrangements and reconstructing contiguous ancestral regions. We discuss several critical problems, including the identification of conserved segments that have not been rearranged through evolution of the studied species, the prediction of ancestral order of these conserved segments, and the computational evaluation of the reconstruction. Using these methods, several analyses have been carried out. In particular, we analyze mammalian genome rearrangements at higher resolution than has been published to date. In the lineages leading to human, mouse, rat and dog from their most recent common ancestor, we identify 1338 conserved intervals over 50Kb in length. Using our algorithm for predicting the ancestral order and orientation of those intervals from their observed adjacencies in modern species, we produce a karyotype map of an early mammalian genome that accounts for 96.8% of the available human genome sequence data. The precision is further increased by mapping inversions as small as 31 bp. We also discuss the biological insights gained from these analyses. Although only a few mammalian genomes are currently sequenced to high precision, our evaluation indicates that our results are reasonably accurate, and that they will become highly accurate in the foreseeable future.
ETIOLOGY OF YELLOW FEVER XI. SERUM TREATMENT OF ANIMALS INFECTED WITH LEPTOSPIRA ICTEROIDES.

The use ot a polyvalent immune serum ot nign potency in tne treatment of an experimental infection of guinea pigs with Leptospira icteroides was found to be of definite advantage in checking the progress of the infection. When administered during the period of incubation the serum was found capable of completely preventing the development of the disease, although on subsequent examination hemorrhagic lesions of greater or less number and extent were found in the lungs of the guinea pigs which survived. Moreover, the serum modified the course of the disease and when used in the early stages of infection prevented a fatal outcome. Employed at a later stage, however, when jaundice and nephritis had been present for several days and the animal was near collapse, the serum had no perceptible beneficial effect. This was, of course, to be expected in view of the incidence of various pathological phases of this disease—nephritis, hepatitis, and other toxic symptoms in succession. In man the clinical manifestations are more gradual and distinct than in the guinea pig, yet the yellow fever patient whose temperature is sub-normal, and who has reached the stage of hemorrhages from the gums, nose, stomach, and intestines, and of uremia and cholemia, would seem to have little or no chance of deriving benefit from the use of a specific immune serum. This latter assumption would probably hold irrespective of the relation which Leptospira icteroides proves to have to the etiology of yellow fever.
Interferographs. Users' Guide to Interferences in Clinical Chemistry Instruments. M. R. Glick and K. W. Ryder. Indianapolis: Science Publishers, Inc., 1987, viii + 190 pp, paperback, $20.00. ISBN 0-930116-07-0

p 800: In the first column, the correct name (and the address) of the publisher is Science Enterprises, Inc., Box 88443, Indianapolis, IN 46208. p 1018: Richard Patrick should be added to the list of authors. p 1110: Corrections to this paper are detailed in a Letter by Hammer, Vol. 35, p 193. p 1800: Column two, line nine: "12.5" should read "125." p 1801: Column one, "Linearity" paragraph: "HDL-C" should read "HDL-FC" in lines nine and 14. p 1803: Column two, last sentence in first full paragraph should read "... automated method, the interferences with the manual method were less." p 2017: In the legend to Figure 1, the equation for G7 should read: y = -4012 x + 18. In Figure 2, there should be three dots above the 7 glucosyl units coordinate, the third being between the curve and the point just above the curve. p 2045: In Figure 1 (right), read "41" instead of "91" in the integration values for the 2-3a fraction assay. p 2141: Right-hand column, line 16: the formula for CNP-NAG should contain two N atoms. Vol. 35: p. 17: In the last part of the equation, "0.0835" should read "0.00835", and "0.0759" should read "0.00759." p 517: See correction note in "The Clinical Chemist."
Cluster-Swap: A Distributed K-median Algorithm for Sensor Networks

In building practical sensor networks, it is often beneficial to use only a subset of sensors to take measurements because of computational, communication, and power limitations. Thus, selecting a subset of nodes to perform measurements whose results will closely mirror the results of having all the nodes perform measurements is an important problem. This node selection problem, depending on the character of the function that integrates measurements and the type of measurements, can be mapped into a more general problem called the k-median problem. In the k-median problem we select a centroid set - a subset of nodes - that minimizes the function, that is the sum of the minimal costs between each node and a node in the centroid set. The set of selected nodes is called ``centroids" or ``leader nodes", where the cluster of a leader node is defined by the set of nodes closest to the leader node. We develop an approximate k-median distributed algorithm called Cluster-Swap, which does not require significant computational power, and does not require every node to know its exact position in the n-dimensional space but only its relative location in relation to a subset of nodes. In addition, Cluster-Swap limits communication costs and is flexible to network changes. The locally optimal solution reached by our algorithm is an approximation whose error is bounded by the maximum cost and number of nodes in the cluster. The error bound gives a tighter bound than other similar algorithms, given that the random initial solution is within a described reasonable range. We empirically show that the solution given by our distributed algorithm is close to both the approximate solution generated by the cited Local search heuristics and also the globally optimal solution while using fewer resources.
Improving rockbolt installations in US coal mines

Coal is key for energy production in the USA and is actively mined in 33 states. Approximately 90 per cent of this coal production is used to generate 50 per cent of the USA’s electric power. Coal mining is responsible for over US $60 billion in annual revenue, and the industry directly and indirectly supports over 750 000 jobs in the US2. As Figure 1 shows, annual production has risen at a steady rate since 1960. In 2007, about 1.15 billion short tons of coal were produced from 1 438 mines. 612 of these mines were underground operations, and they accounted for about 31 per cent of the total coal produced3. Underground mining is of more concern than surface mining when considering coal mine safety, for obvious reasons as roof and rib falls have the potential to cause serious or fatal injury to miners. The weak roof strata typically located above a coal seam are prone to skin failure, including massive failure in some cases. Over 1 500 roof falls occur every year in US coal mines4. In addition, however, the tight working conditions also make it easy for a miner to become pinned between a piece of machinery and the rib if proper safety procedures are not followed. 2005 was the year when the least fatalities occurred on the coal mines to date. In 2006, however, the coal mining industry was plagued by two major disasters; in January 2006 an explosion at the Sago Mine in West Virginia killed 12 people, followed in May 2006 by five miners being killed in another explosion at the Darby Mine in Kentucky. In August 2007, a further disaster occurred at the Crandall Canyon Mine in Utah in the form of a massive collapse, possibly caused by a coal bump, that resulted in nine miners being killed and a further three more fatalities during rescue operations. As a result of these disasters, Congress rapidly passed the Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response (MINER) Act in 2006. The primary, relevant support-related provisions of this Act, according to the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), are: Improving rockbolt installations in US coal mines
Treatment of an osteoblastic osteosarcoma in an aged gelding

Summary A 27-year-old Thoroughbred gelding was examined for a right nasal mass visible inside the right nares. Airflow through the right nostril was absent. Endoscopy and radiography revealed the mass to occupy the entire right nasal passage. Nasal biopsies were inconclusive, so en bloc resection was performed. A diagnosis of an incompletely resected osteoblastic osteosarcoma was made. Endoscopic biopsies performed 4 weeks post surgery revealed osteosarcoma cells present in the caudal right nasal cavity. Metastatic disease was not present in mandibular lymph node aspirates or on thoracic radiographs. The right nasal passage was irradiated with 12 treatments over the course of 4 weeks. Comfort and quality of life were excellent during treatment and no adverse side effects were noted. Endoscopy and follow-up biopsies at 1, 2, 4, 12 and 14 months post radiation therapy have not found any evidence of regrowth of the osteosarcoma.
Variability Modeling for Service Oriented Product Line Architectures

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) has emerged as a model for distributed computing that promotes flexible deployment and reuse. Software product lines (SPL) promote reusable development for product families. SOA systems need the capability of managing variability to address different client requirements. Our approach uses SPL concepts to model SOA systems as service families. SPL development relies on feature models to describe the commonality and variability of member applications. We introduce a multiple view SOA variability model based on feature modeling, which is described in UML and SoaML, the newly released SOA standard. Such a framework facilitates variability modeling of service families in a systematic and platform independent way.
Graduate Student Centers: Building Community and Involving Students.

In the past ten years, many doctoral universities, both extensive and intensive, have built, or proposed building, graduate student centers to serve their graduate and professional (G/P) students. In this chapter, I define graduate student centers and discuss the range of their configurations, services and functions. I illustrate these ideas with a case study of the McDougal Graduate Student Center, a comprehensive center for student life and professional development at Yale University.
125ppm resolution and 120dB dynamic range nanoparticle chemiresistor array readout circuit

Nanoparticle coated chemiresistor (CR) arrays enable highly sensitive vapor detection in systems such as a micro gas chromatograph or an electronic nose. However, they suffer shortcomings such as a small response compared to a large baseline value, large baseline variation across devices, and significant baseline drift over time. This paper describes a new high-resolution CR array readout circuit with adaptive baseline control. The 8-channel readout circuit occupies 2.2mm × 2.2mm in 0.5µm CMOS technology, consuming 66µW per channel from a 3.3V power supply. It achieves a worst-case resolution of 125ppm over a baseline resistance of 60kΩ to 10MΩ, equivalent to 120dB dynamic range.
A pharmacy's journey toward the patient-centered medical home

Objective To describe the integration of a clinic pharmacy with a patient-centered medical home (PCMH). Setting Primary care clinic in Monroe, WA, from 1981 to January 2011. Practice description Pharmacists and physicians with a previous working relationship in a family practice residency program established colocated practices in 1981. In addition to traditional pharmacy services, collaborative practice agreements were developed and clinical pharmacy services expanded over time. Reimbursement challenges for clinical pharmacy services existed in the fee-for-service environment. The acquisition of the clinic and pharmacy by Providence Health and Services created a new financial alignment with additional opportunities for collaboration. Practice innovation An internally funded grant established a PCMH pilot that included pharmacist participation. PCMH pharmacists and the care provider team identified areas to improve physician and clinic efficiencies and to enhance patient care. Results Clinical pharmacy services expanded under the PCMH model. Pharmacist activities included value-added refill authorization services, coordinated patient visits with the PCMH pharmacist and physicians, medication therapy management, diabetes and anticoagulation services, hospital discharge medication reconciliation, and participation in the shared medical appointment. Conclusion Clinical pharmacy services are woven into the PCMH fabric of this clinic. New pharmacists will be challenged and rewarded in this evolving health care model.
Antigen presentation by T cells: T cell receptor ligation promotes antigen acquisition from professional antigen-presenting cells

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the clonotypic specificity of the T cell receptor influences the specificity of T cell-mediated antigen presentation. We have previously shown that myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific Lewis rat GP2.E5/R1 (R1) T cells cultured with antigen, irradiated syngeneic splenocytes (IrrSPL) and tolerogenic monoclonal antibody become highly effective antigen-presenting cells (APC). In the current studies, we investigated the transfer of specific (MBP) and unrelated (conalbumin) antigens from antigen-pulsed SPL to R1 T cells. R1 T cells cultured with IrrSPL that were pulsed simultaneously with both MBP and conalbumin acquired and presented both antigens to the appropriate T cell responders in a secondary assay. These results suggested a physical transfer of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/peptide complexes from professional APC to R1 T cells. Transfer of conalbumin from professional APC to R1 T cells required specific recognition of MBP and was optimal when both conalbumin and MBP were presented on the same group of professional APC. Antigens transfer did not occur when allogeneic SPL were used as APC. The anti-I-A mAb OX6 inhibited antigen transfer but only when added during the initiation of culture. OX6 also inhibited antigen acquisition by R1-trans, a variant of the R1 T cell line which constitutively synthesizes high levels of I-A, from MBP-pulsed IrrSPL but blockade of I-A did not inhibit antigen acquisition when soluble MBP was added directly to the culture. Despite constitutive synthesis of I-A, R1-trans T cells did not acquire guinea pig MBP from pulsed allogeneic APC. These studies demonstrate that although T cells of a particular specificity can present unrelated antigens, the cognate interaction of the T cell antigen receptor with the appropriate antigen/self-MHC complex strongly promotes acquisition of these complexes from professional APC.
The Neotethyan Sanandaj-Sirjan zone of Iran as an archetype for passive margin-arc transitions

The Sanandaj-Sirjan zone of Iran is a northwest trending orogenic belt immediately north of the Zagros suture, which represents the former position of the Neotethys Ocean. The zone contains the most extensive, best preserved record of key events in the formation and evolution of the Neotethys, from its birth in Late Paleozoic time through its demise during the mid-Tertiary collision of Arabia with Eurasia. The record includes rifting of continental fragments off of the northern margin of Gondwanaland, formation of facing passive continental margins, initiation of subduction along the northern margin, and progressive development of a continental magmatic arc. The latter two of these events are critical phases of the Wilson Cycle that, elsewhere in the world, are poorly preserved in the geologic record because of superimposed events. Our new synthesis reaffirms the similarity between this zone and various terranes to the north in Central Iran. Late Paleozoic rifting, preserved as A-type granites and accelerated subsidence, was followed by a phase of pronounced subsidence and shallow marine sedimentation in Permian through Triassic time, marking the formation and evolution of passive margins on both sides of the suture. Subduction and arc magmatism began in latest Triassic/Early Jurassic time, culminating at ~170 Ma. The extinction of arc magmatism in this zone, and its shift northeastward to form the subparallel Urumieh-Dokhtar arc, occurred diachronously along strike, in Late Cretaceous or Paleogene time. Post-Cretaceous uplift transformed the zone from a primarily marine borderland into a marine archipelago that persisted until mid-Tertiary time.
Beyond Resistance: Raising Utopias from the Dead in Mexico City and Oaxaca

This essay offers a critique of the theories of everyday forms of resistance, and a new analysis of the term agency as used in the previous two decades in scholarly writing, for instance, with regard to social movements. Agency often stands in contrast to culpability and as such has been a useful concept in challenging determinist thinking, giving the dispossessed a fuller voice in deciding their own fates, victories, and tragedies. Generally, however, agency has referred to the politically progressive efforts of los de abajo only when they are able to break free of what are often held to be preexisting structural and systemic constraints. How one understands failures or situations when the poor dare not even attempt to break out are subjects analysts have been more reluctant to address. At the least, agency has been absent as a concept when the issue of compliance arises, if it is entertained at all. For whatever reason, then, agency is used to capture aspects of defiance but has been less useful in helping us conceptualize compliance.
Odesr Studies of a-Si:H with Subgap Excitation

We report studies of the spin-dependent recombination processes in device-quality a-Si:H by optically detected ESR (ODESR) with the excitation energy (Ex) varied from above-gap to sub-gap. The photoluminescence (PL) transients induced by the chopping of the microwaves are recorded as functions of the magnetic field to yield the lineshapes. This scheme, to some extent, circumvents the problem of interferences between “enhancing” and “quenching” signals encountered in conventional phase-sensitive detection. The PL below 1.1 eV is monitored. For Ex above 1.5 eV, we find all the lineshapes are similar: a broad, slightly asymmetric enhancing line peaking at g = 2.008 and an asymmetric quenching line peaking at g = 2.005. Lineshape changes are noticeable for Ex below 1.5 eV. The relative signal intensity ΔΙ/Ι changes dramatically with varying excitation energy. Light-soaking of the sample induces an additional enhancing signal which peaks at g = 2.006.
Proliferation of Cells From a Mouse Model of Regeneration

The ability to induce limb regeneration in humans is of growing interest in the field of regenerative medicine, particularly due to the increased number of amputees among military veterans. Unfortunately, mammals have limited regenerative capabilities as compared to amphibians, which can re-establish complex structures after traumatic injury. There have been a few clinically documented cases of digit regeneration in children [1], indicating that the potential to regenerate is not completely absent in humans. Mammalian models of epimorphic regeneration is primarily limited to the mouse digit, which has a level-specific response in that amputation at the terminal phalangeal element (P3) results in regeneration, but not at the next more proximal joint (P2) (Figure 1). Recently primary stromal cells were isolated from each of these mouse joints (P3 and P2, respectively) [2], which provides a unique opportunity to utilize in vitro techniques to identify differences in one of the phenotypes prevalent at the amputation plane of a regenerating and non-regenerating region.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Cleavage of ether, ester, and tosylate C(sp3)-O bonds by an iridium complex, initiated by oxidative addition of C-H bonds. Experimental and computational studies

A pincer-ligated iridium complex, (PCP)Ir (PCP = κ3-C6H3-2,6-[CH2P(t-Bu)2]2), is found to undergo oxidative addition of C(sp3)–O bonds of methyl esters (CH3–O2CR′), methyl tosylate (CH3–OTs), and certain electron-poor methyl aryl ethers (CH3–OAr). DFT calculations and mechanistic studies indicate that the reactions proceed via oxidative addition of C–H bonds followed by oxygenate migration, rather than by direct C–O addition. Thus, methyl aryl ethers react via addition of the methoxy C–H bond, followed by α-aryloxide migration to give cis-(PCP)Ir(H)(CH2)(OAr), followed by iridium-to-methylidene hydride migration to give (PCP)Ir(CH3)(OAr). Methyl acetate undergoes C–H bond addition at the carbomethoxy group to give (PCP)Ir(H)[κ2-CH2OC(O)Me] which then affords (PCP-CH2)Ir(H)(κ2-O2CMe) (6-Me) in which the methoxy C–O bond has been cleaved, and the methylene derived from the methoxy group has migrated into the PCP Cipso–Ir bond. Thermolysis of 6-Me ultimately gives (PCP)Ir(CH3)(κ2-O2CR), the net product of me...
Caffeine derivatives of haematin compounds.

1. Caffeine reacts with haematin to form a caffeine–haematin compound that has a characteristic absorption spectrum. 2. Graphical analysis of the titration of haematin with caffeine shows that 2mol.prop. of caffeine split the dimeric haematin. 3. Thermodynamic parameters suggest that the reaction involves the making and breaking of hydrophobic bonds. 4. Graphical analysis shows dimeric haem to be split by 2mol.prop. of caffeine to yield a compound with an unusual multibanded absorption in the Soret region. 5. It is postulated that the linkage between the haem groups of dimeric haem and the haematin groups of dimeric haematin is essentially hydrophobic in nature.
Omeprazole and cimetidine versus pentagastrin in canine ex vivo gastric chamber

The effects of acid inhibitory doses of omeprazole were compared with equieffective doses of cimetidine in the canine ex vivo stomach model (n = 30). Systemic blood pressure, temperature, stomach fluid and ion fluxes, potential difference, blood flow rates, and arterial and venous blood gases were monitored during each of nine 30-min periods. Two resting periods preceded seven periods of pentagastrin stimulation. During the last four of these, the drug effect was recorded (cimetidine 1.2 or 4.8 mumol.kg-1.h-1; omeprazole 0.3, 0.6, or 1.2 mumol/kg). Omeprazole (1.2 mumol/kg) produced 100% inhibition of stimulated acid efflux, no significant decrease in total gastric blood flow (venous outflow), 90% return of potential difference (PD) toward resting values, and a 55% reduction in stimulated oxygen consumption. Omeprazole also showed a dose-dependent K+ efflux at the two lower doses. Cimetidine (4.8 mumol.kg-1.h-1) given during pentagastrin stimulation showed a 70% decrease in total gastric blood flow, a 40% return of PD toward resting, and a 77% reduction in stimulated oxygen consumption. Neither drug showed significant changes in mucosal blood flow from resting values, thus supporting the principle that changes in gastric acid secretion and changes in blood flow are not necessarily correlated.
Technical Research on Body Welding Line Flexibility Reformation

This paper introduces developing process of body welding for various models and states resolutions for difficulties and key points in tooling designing and process layout,through which longer version is able to be produced on the same line by flexibility reformation.
Coupling vibration analysis of an aeroengine compressor Blade-disc system

Based on the FEA method for analyzing vibration characteristics of cyclic symmetric structures,the vibration characteristics of an aeroengine compressor blade-disc system was analyzed.The solid model and FEA model for cyclic symmetric analysis of the compressor blade-disc system were set up and computed using ANSYS software.The vibration characteristics of the compressor blade-disc system was analyzed based on the computation.The analysis results can be used as reference for optimization design and vibration safeness verification for this compressor blade-disc system.
Telemedicine in surgery.

BACKGROUND: Telemedicine is a well-developed tool for medical practice whereby telecommunications and information science is used to support health care delivery at a distance. METHODS: Review of the literature and presentation of institutional experience. RESULTS: Although telemedicine was initially seen as a connection between primary and consultative services, currently the tactic more appropriately refers to a general practice of medicine in an information and electronic continuum that is truly global. Furthermore, the telecommunications tactics of telemedicine may be used just as likely to connect peers for team management, learners with teachers, or an invasive specialist to his distant patient via robotics. Surgery was an early and highly adaptive user of telemedicine to transfer the highly visual nature of the surgical event to other sites for collegial or pedagogical consideration. The addition of robotics in recent years even further extends telemedicine into a broad range of application in surgery, and some very specific to telesurgery. CONCLUSIONS: Via internet, computers and robotics, telesurgery enables global medical service.
Abdominal Polyorchidism: An Unusual Variant

AbstractWe describe an 18-month-old boy with polyorchidism in whom both ipsilateral testes were located intra-abdominally. To our knowledge no prior reports have documented a similar case in the literature to date. This case has important implications pertaining to the treatment of intraabdominal cryptorchid testes. Intra-abdominal polyorchidism and its management are discussed briefly.
Deriving the AHP 1-9 Scale form First Principles

Summary: We demonstrate how the integers 1 to 9 used in the Fundamental Scale of the AHP to represent pairwise comparison judgments can be derived from stimulus-response theory. The conditions required for the stability of the eigenvector of priorities, known from the mathematics literature, are briefly mentioned. These conditions require that the elements being compared be homogeneous. This limits the upper value of the scale to 9. They also require that the number of elements compared be small. It is widely known that both of these conditions are intrinsic to the way in which our brains actually operate. A brief discussion is given about two ways to deal with a large number of elements, both included in the AHP protocol.
FELICIDADE CLANDESTINA OU A SIGNIFICAÇÃO MARGINAL DA PALAVRA

O presente artigo busca discutir em que medida a significacao da palavra, do discurso, resulta de uma compreensao ativa e responsiva (BAKHTIN, 1992) inscrita no interior da interacao verbal entre sujeitos historicamente constituidos. De acordo com essa perspectiva, os temas ou as isotopias que se constroem no processo comunicativo dependem de se (re)conhecer que a significacao se produz com base em uma compreensao global, da totalidade do texto-discurso em oposicao a um vies que assenta a significacao fora do escopo da interacao e da enunciacao completa, privilegiando a analise da palavra, sua significacao, dentro do sistema linguistico formal e abstrato. Procura-se demonstrar a pertinencia da compreensao tematica por meio da analise do texto “Felicidade clandestina” de Clarice Lispector (1998), postulando-se que sua significacao se constroi com base na tensao entre isotopias (CHARAUDEAU; MAINGUENEAU, 2004). The present article seeks to discuss to what extent the meaning of the word, the speech, the result of an active and responsive understanding (BAKHTIN, 1992) entered inside the verbal interaction between subject historically constituted. According to this perspective, the themes or the isotopies that are built in the communicative process depend on if (re) know that meaning is produced on the basis of a global understanding of the whole text-speech as opposed to a bias underpinning the significance outside the scope of interaction and of enunciation. The analysis of the full word, its meaning within the formal and abstract linguistic system. Seeks to demonstrate the relevance of the thematic understanding through the analysis of the text "clandestine Happiness" by Clarice Lispector (1998), positing that its meaning is built based on the tension between isotopies (CHARAUDEAU; MAINGUENEAU, 2004).
Principles of Applied Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Modeling

An effective dosing strategy for anti-infectives requires a thorough understanding of the complex interactions between drug, microbe, and the host immune system. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PKPD) modeling has been utilized to describe these relationships to aid the dose selection and dose optimization of antimicrobial agents. The complexity of PKPD models for anti-infective has increased over time with increasing improvement in in vitro methodologies, which have progressed from limited PD (a single minimum inhibition concentration measurement) to full PD analysis (dynamic kill curve). Capturing the time course of microbial dynamics in a kill-curve system provides an opportunity for complex PKPD modeling that has been used to evaluate challenging topics such as antimicrobial resistance.
Trends in osteoporosis and low bone mass in older US adults, 2005-2006 through 2013-2014.

This study examined trends in osteoporosis and low bone mass in older US adults between 2005 and 2014 using bone mineral density (BMD) data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Osteoporosis and low bone mass appear to have increased at the femur neck but not at the lumbar spine during this period. Recent preliminary data from Medicare suggest that the decline in hip fracture incidence among older US adults may have plateaued in 2013–2014, but comparable data on BMD trends for this time period are currently lacking. This study examined trends in the prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass since 2005 using BMD data from NHANES. The present study also updated prevalence estimates to 2013–2014 and included estimates for non-Hispanic Asians. Femur neck and lumbar spine BMD by DXA were available for 7954 adults aged 50 years and older from four NHANES survey cycles between 2005–2006 and 2013–2014. Significant trends (quadratic or linear) were observed for the femur neck (mean T-score and osteoporosis in both sexes; low bone mass in women) but not for the lumbar spine. The trend in femur neck status was somewhat U-shaped, with prevalences being most consistently significantly higher (by 1.1–6.6 percentage points) in 2013–2014 than 2007–2008. Adjusting for changes in body mass index, smoking, milk intake, and physician’s diagnosis of osteoporosis between surveys did not change femur neck trends. In 2013–2014, the percent of older adults with osteoporosis was 6% at the femur neck, 8% at the lumbar spine, and 11% at either site. There was some evidence of a decline in femur neck BMD between 2005–2006 and 2013–2014, but not in lumbar spine BMD. Changes in the risk factors that could be examined did not explain the femur neck BMD trends.
Negative psychological consequences of breast cancer among recently diagnosed ethnically diverse women.

Objective Breast cancer has psychological consequences that impact quality of life (QOL). We examined factors associated with negative psychological consequences of a breast cancer diagnosis, in a diverse sample of 910 recently diagnosed patients (378 African-American, 372 White, and 160 Latina). Methods Patients completed an in-person interview as part of the Breast Cancer Care in Chicago study within an average of four months from diagnosis. The Cockburn negative psychological consequences of breast cancer screening scale was revised to focus on a breast cancer diagnosis. Path analysis assessed predictors of psychological consequences and potential mediators between race/ethnicity and psychological consequences. Results Compared to White counterparts, bivariate analysis showed African-American (β = 1.4, p < 0.05) and Latina (β = 3.6, p < 0.001) women reported greater psychological consequences. Strongest predictors (P < 0.05 for all) included unmet social support (β = 0.38), and provider trust (β = 0.12), followed by stage at diagnosis (β = 0.10) and perceived neighborhood social disorder (β = 0.09).The strongest mediator between race/ethnicity and psychological consequences was unmet social support. Conclusions African-American and Latina women reported greater psychological consequences related to their breast cancer diagnosis; this disparity was mediated by differences in unmet social support. Social support represents a promising point of intervention.
LOCALIZED ACOUSTIC PHONONS IN LOW DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES

Modern microfabrication techniques allow the creation of new free-standing quantum nanostructures which attract considerable attention and are studied by several research groups. These structures are, in fact, solid plates (slabs) or rods (bars) connected to a solid substrate by a side of the smallest cross-section. The major feature of free-standing structures is that the smallest dimensions of the structures may be as small as a few interatomic distances. This attribute gives rise to new interesting physical phenomena and opens new possibilities for applications. First of all, the electrons (holes) in these structures are quantized. In fact, free-standing structures represent waveguides for electron waves which have features substantially different from more conventional quantum structures. Such waveguides may have very high potential energy barriers for electrons, so new effects related to hot but quantized electrons are possible. The phonon subsystem will also undergo significant modification. In this paper we will present a review of the experimental and theoretical results of other authors as well as results of our own investigation on the quantization of the acoustic phonons in free-standing structures.
How do Cultural Organizations in Semi-Peripheral Positions Pursue Legitimacy?

At present, it is still unclear how and how far mimetic isomorphism diffuses to particular places. There is an understandable tendency to study organizations in core industry cities which create pr...
Analyse des Myokardstoffwechsels bei koronarer Herzkrankheit durch Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie

In den letzten 10 Jahren sind viele invasive und nicht-invasive Technologien zur Charakterisierung der koronaren Herzkrankheit entwickelt worden. Eine koronare Herzkrankheit kann mit hoher Sensitivitat und Spezifitat durch nicht-invasive bildgebende Verfahren entdeckt werden. Gleichzeitig wurde die diagnostische Koronarangiographie ein sicheres und weithin akzeptiertes invasives Verfahren zur Charakterisierung von Ausmas und Schweregrad der koronaren Herzkrankheit. Analysen der regionalen und globalen Funktion, Perfusion und koronaren Anatomie haben wichtige diagnostische und prognostische Informationen bei akuter und chronischer koronarer Herzkrankheit ergeben. Dennoch bleiben diagnostische Probleme bei dem Bemuhen bestehen, die Vitalitat des Gewebes bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittener koronarer Herzkrankheit zu definieren. Da zahlreiche grose klinische Studien belegt haben, das Patienten mit schlechter linksventrikularer Funktion am meisten von einer Revaskularisation profitieren, hat die diagnostische Unterscheidung zwischen infarziertem und ischamisch geschadigtem, aber noch vitalem Myokard klinisch grose Bedeutung gewonnen. Die funktionelle Analyse durch Radionuklidventrikulographie oder Echokardiographie gestattet keine Unterscheidung zwischen irreversibler und reversibler Gewebeschadigung, insbesondere in der fruhen Phase nach Myokardinfarkt. Eine verzogerte funktionelle Erholung (stunned myocardium) [8] und eine chronisch reduzierte Funktion von minderperfundiertem Myokard (hibernating myocardium) [38] wurden kurzlich als klinische Erscheinungsformen erkannt.
Scheduling when you don't know the number of machines

Often in a scheduling problem, there is uncertainty about the jobs to be processed. The issue of uncertainty regarding the machines has been much less studied. In this paper, we study a scheduling environment in which jobs first need to be grouped into some sets before the number of machines is known, and then the sets need to be scheduled on machines without being separated. In order to evaluate algorithms in such an environment, we introduce the idea of an α-robust algorithm, one which is guaranteed to return a schedule on any number m of machines that is within an α factor of the optimal schedule on m machine, where the optimum is not subject to the restriction that the sets cannot be separated. Under such environment, we give a [EQUATION]-robust algorithm for scheduling on parallel machines to minimize makespan, and show a lower bound [EQUATION]. For the special case when the jobs are infinitesimal, we give a 1.233-robust algorithm with an asymptotic lower bound of 1.207. We also study a case of fair allocation, where the objective is to minimize the difference between the maximum and minimum machine load.
THE SEARCH FOR OBJECTIVITY IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

THIS is an era of avowed sophistication in the Supreme Court. To talk, as Justice Roberts did, of simply laying a statute alongside an article of the Constitution to see if the former squares with the latter,1 now seems almost like dredging up an antiquity. Justices may always have been sufficiently sophisticated to know that the judicial process is not that simple, that in the constitutional field the process is primarily political, not judicial; but it is only recently that they have admitted as much and have begun to discuss publicly their methods of deciding cases.2 One can hardly blame the current bench for indulging in this sort of self-analysis, so obviously designed to minimize the significance of "personal predilections." 3 The Court was buffeted enough during the storm over the Constitution 4 to make the boldest justice keep his neck drawn in. Yet without some external measuring stick of predilection, i.e., a substitute for "personal," no justice has any satisfactory way to avoid either sticking his neck out or being a cipher. If he takes the latter course, he will presumably feel thoroughly frustrated and, if enough colleagues are of like mind, will be effectively helping to destroy the Court's power. Instead, he may acknowledge the political power he possesses and then go on to demonstrate that he has chosen a particular course of action which will narrow the scope of this power. Here the justice seems to be saying: "I admit that Justice Robert's mechanical method of squaring the statute and the Constitution was nonsense. Of course, we wield power. But this is potentially dangerous. Therefore, we must create a rule which is sufficiently objective to circumscribe us and our successors in our exercise of political power."
Stepwise Upconversion and Cooperative Phenomena in Fluorescent Systems

The general discussion of the preceding chapter of energy transfer in the regime of high sensitizer concentration is applied to several cases of stepwise, sequential transfer between rare earth ions, a process which leads to conversion of infrared sensitizer excitation to visible or ultraviolet activator luminescence. The process is compared with the generally less efficient cooperative excitation process in which two sensitizers transfer simultaneously their excitation to an activator. Both types of process are adequately described by rate equations for the populations of the relevant energy levels of the ions. Another class of photon-assisted two-ion processes is briefly discussed on the basis of Dexter’s theory.
INTERACTIONS OF DOPAMINE (DA) AND ACETYLCHOLINE (ACh) IN THE CAUDATE NUCLEUS OF THE DEVELOPING KITTEN

ABSTRACT The concentration of ACh and Choline (Ch) in the developing kitten (1–20 days) was measured after microwave irradiation. ACh levels in the caudate nucleus of the newborn kitten are approximately three times higher (27.1 ± 5.0 nmol/g) than those found in the adult cat (82.4 ± 0.7 nmol/g). As a means of monitoring neuronal activity, the formation of labelled ACh was measured after an i-v injection of labelled Ch. Effects of amphetamine on the cholinergic system in the developing kitten are measured.
Surgical Management of Unusual Clinical Presentations of Malignant Lymphoma

Unusual presentations of malignant lymphoma are a diagnostic challenge for the surgeon. The role of the surgeon is to acquire an appropriate biopsy. Therapy should be planned by a multidisciplinary team. The role of radical surgery for lymphoma has become history.
Virtual Simulations in Online Nursing Education: Align With Quality Matters

Abstract Simulation has become commonplace yet must be expanded for distance/online nursing students. Evidence-based simulation entities (e-simulations, video simulation, and telepresence simulation) provide asynchronous and synchronous options. For quality assurance, the selected modality is best when aligned with Quality Matters (QM™) standards in the form of component design standards for ease of student and faculty use. A variety of simulation modalities are reviewed for component (simulation) design to provide high-quality simulation aligned with course design, delivery, and objectives for online/distance nursing students.
Investigating Age-Related Differences in Spatial Presence in Virtual Reality:

Virtual reality (VR) has potential applications for promoting physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional well-being for users of all ages. The ability for individuals to develop a sense of being phys...
Magnets make target cells more attractive to CRISPR

Local CRISPR-Cas9–mediated genome editing using magnetic nanoparticles complexed with recombinant baculoviral vectors minimizes genotoxicity.
Who poisons the pool? Time-varying asymmetric and nonlinear causal inference between low-risk and high-risk bonds markets

Abstract Corporate bond markets enable the efficient allocation of capital among competing firms, as well as an extensive degree of disintermediation. While the role of the junk bond market in financing leveraged buyouts, “fallen angels,” start-ups, small firms, and sovereign governments is known, little is known about interactions between low-risk (AAA) bonds markets and high-risk (CCC and below) bonds markets. In this study, we used a sample of daily data spanning 20 years to investigate the dynamic link in first and second moments between low-risk and high-risk bonds during calm and turbulent periods in the U.S. financial markets. Using asymmetric and nonlinear causality tests, as well as the extended DCC-GJR-GARCH model, we found evidence of an asymmetric and nonlinear unidirectional causal link from high-risk to low-risk bonds markets, which intensifies during bear markets. There is a bidirectional volatility and shock transmission only during normal bond market conditions. The high-risk bonds market induces more destabilizing effects in the corporate bond market than the low-risk bonds market. The time-varying, highly persistent, and negative correlation during normal market conditions provides the opportunity for combining low-risk and high-risk bonds to diversify a portfolio.