cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The lh3 Glycosyltransferase Directs Target-Selective Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

SUMMARY Functional PNS regeneration requires injured axons to return to their original synaptic targets, yet the mechanisms underlying target-selective regeneration have remained elusive. Using live-cell imaging in zebrafish we find that regenerating motor axons exhibit a strong preference for their original muscle territory and that axons probe both correct and incorrect trajectories extensively before selecting their original path. We show that this process requires the glycosyltransferase lh3 and that postinjury expression of lh3 in Schwann cells is sufficient to restore target-selective regeneration. Moreover, we demonstrate that Schwann cells neighboring the transection site express the lh3 substrate collagen4a5 and that during regeneration collagen4a5 destabilizesaxons probing inappropriate trajectories to ensure target-selective regeneration, possibly through the axonal repellant slit1a. Our results demonstrate that selective ECM components match subpopulations of regenerating axons with their original targets and reveal a previously unappreciated mechanism that conveys synaptic target selection to regenerating axons in vivo.
Engendering Justice: Constructing Institutions to Address Violence Against Women

This paper addresses how states improve their responsiveness to violence against women in developing countries with little political will and few resources to do so. One key to engendering justice and improving responsiveness is building specialized institutions within the state that facilitate the implementation of laws addressing violence against women. Why and how do states engage in institution-building to protect marginalized populations in these contexts? I propose that developing countries are more likely to create and maintain specialized institutions when domestic and international political and legal frameworks make the state more vulnerable to women’s demands, and when civil society coordinates with the state and/or international organizations to take advantage of this political opportunity. This coordination brings necessary pressure and resources that would be difficult, if not impossible, to deliver otherwise. This inter-institutional coordination is necessary for building and maintaining new state institutions and programs that help to monitor the implementation of laws, develop public policies, provide services for victims, and improve responsiveness of the justice system. This fills an important lacuna in the literature, which focuses on women’s state institutions as an important catalyst for responsiveness to violence against women, but does not explain how these institutions are initially constructed.
The 2.3-Angstrom Structure of Porcine Circovirus 2

ABSTRACT Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is a T=1 nonenveloped icosahedral virus that has had severe impact on the swine industry. Here we report the crystal structure of an N-terminally truncated PCV2 virus-like particle at 2.3-A resolution, and the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) image reconstruction of a full-length PCV2 virus-like particle at 9.6-A resolution. This is the first atomic structure of a circovirus. The crystal structure revealed that the capsid protein fold is a canonical viral jelly roll. The loops connecting the strands of the jelly roll define the limited features of the surface. Sulfate ions interacting with the surface and electrostatic potential calculations strongly suggest a heparan sulfate binding site that allows PCV2 to gain entry into the cell. The crystal structure also allowed previously determined epitopes of the capsid to be visualized. The cryo-EM image reconstruction showed that the location of the N terminus, absent in the crystal structure, is inside the capsid. As the N terminus was previously shown to be antigenic, it may externalize through viral “breathing.”
Maximally-Informative Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) Navigation of an AUV in Uncertain Ocean Currents

The Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS) is a high dimensional computational model of ocean circulation. The model and data assimilation from various sources can provide a good estimate of ocean circulation variables, but not at a rate that is sufficient to track fast changes. For more frequent updates, we consider the use of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) navigated along a maximally-informative path, i.e., one that maximally reduces uncertainty in ocean circulation variable estimations. The proposed solution deconstructs the problem into a long time-scale deterministic optimization problem for generating waypoints and a short time-scale stochastic optimal control problem for sequentially hitting these waypoints while taking into account the uncertainty of ocean currents. The latter is solved as a feedback control problem that is based on the stochastic Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation and a locally consistent Markov chain approximation. Our results are illustrated by an example using data from the ROMS data assimilation.
Significant to Whom?: Mexican Americans and the History of the American West

In this period in which we mark both the quincentenary of Columbus's voyages and the centennial of FrederickJackson Turner's ruminations on the significance of the frontier to American history, it has become fashionable to pose questions about the contributions and significance of various groups of minority people to the pluralistic culture of the United States. While most of the institutions sponsoring such observances appear to be well-intentioned, too few seem to recognize that framing these questions in this manner (once again) encourages a reproduction of modes of analysis which virtually guarantee that the categories minority and majority-and the asymmetrical relationships of power that they imply-will continue to persist, and be reinforced. When we ask questions in this manner, at some level we accept the premise that the significance of one group of people must be explained with reference to some other group. This is not to assert, however, that thinking about the relationship of minority peoples to the history of the West cannot provide useful insights. On the contrary, in considering Mexican American history one might argue that the debate about the significance or importance of ethnic Mexican people in the West has reflected the central themes of the social and political history of the region. Whether one considers initial Mexican resistance to American exploration of the Mexican Northwest (a territory now encompassing the five southwestern states plus Nevada and Utah); Mexicans' active resistance to American imperialism during the Mexican American War; or ethnic Mexicans' subsequent campaigns to achieve the full
Regional Authorities Through Interstate Compacts

the invading industrial population will become more sanely ruralized in their outlooks. Social institutions will be affected correspondingly. Hence, this process of "rurbanization" as characterized by Sorokin and Zimmerman in their Principles of Rural-Urban Sociology, if properly guided, will tend to integrate these two primary cultures to their mutual advantage. Any plan or process which will tend to bring the industrial and agricultural elements of a region more closely together will be reflected politically. A reduction of the agrarian representation in legislative bodies will have its influence on future legislation. The diffusion and dispersion of industry will tend to reduce sectional differences on such fundamental issues as the tariff, public utility regulation, labor legislation and organization, social insurance, immigration, and race problems. Political units themselves can be more readily adapted to the demands of the new machine age. Finally, with the toning down of the more radical tendencies in urban thought, and the stimulation to new outlooks of the more conservative elements of the rural community, a newly patterned agricoindustralized territory should greatly strengthen liberal thoughts and liberal movements, which in turn, representing none of the extremes of either laissez-faire or of dictatorial revolutions, may be viewed as the soundest approach to the socio-economic problems of a planned society.
Prevention of Dementia

The concept of dementia prevention has recently developed tremendously, despite being perceived by many clinicians as impossible in years past. While there is no one “magic” pill, or definitive single way to prevent dementia, recent research has found that if indeed the known modifiable risk factors for AD are in the causal pathway to dementia, then one out of every three cases could potentially be prevented by addressing those factors. It is currently unclear which specific interventions would be most effective, in which patients and during which life/disease stages. This chapter offers a broad brush overview of the existing evidence which have provided some clues into the puzzle of prevention of cognitive decline.
Distributed Dynamic Coverage and Avoidance Control Under Anisotropic Sensing

This paper addresses dynamic coverage in multi-agent systems along with certain safety and convergence guarantees. We consider anisotropic sensing for each agent, realized as conical sensing footprints and coverage functionals. This modeling results in asymmetric (directed) interactions among agents, in the sense that connected agents may either all be in the same mode (avoidance) or in different modes (avoidance and coverage). We build local and global coverage strategies which force the agents to collaboratively search a domain of interest, and avoidance strategies which waive the assumption on only pairwise interactions among agents. The proposed approach is suitable for surveillance applications where agents explore and gather sufficient information about an environment. The efficacy of the approach is demonstrated through simulation results.
Reductive activation and inactivation of mitomycin as studied with human and bacterial cell cultures.

Sodium borohydride at noninhibitory concentrations (50 µg/ml) reverses almost completely the lethal effects of mitomycin C when added within 5 min (human cell cultures) or 10 sec (bacteria) after cell exposure to the antibiotic. Sodium cyanide, dinitrophenol, and phenethyl alcohol, shown previously to augment the bactericidal effects of mitomycin, have no influence on the lethal action of this antibiotic for human cells.
Bladder Outlet Reconstruction: Fate of the Silicone Sheath

The placement of a 1.5 cm. wide silicone sheath around a newly constructed urethra/bladder neck to ensure maintenance of repair length and to facilitate future placement of a sphincter cuff was reported by our institution in 1985. We present our long-term followup and new recommendations for use of the silicone sheath. A total of 15 silicone sheaths was placed between March 1981 and July 1984. Of the sheaths 14 were placed at the time of urinary reconstruction around the Young-Dees-Leadbetter bladder neck repair and 1 was placed after erosion of an artificial urinary sphincter cuff. Of the 15 sheaths 10 have eroded into the urethra and 4 sheaths remain in situ. Another sheath was replaced 2 years after its original insertion with an artificial urinary sphincter cuff. Mean time to erosion was 48.2 months, with a range of 2 to 108 months. Long-term followup of 10 patients revealed that 4 ultimately required ligation of the bladder neck and construction of continent stoma after erosion, 1 is dry after placement of a bulbar artificial urinary sphincter, 2 remain dry after removal of the eroded sheath alone, 2 required bladder neck revision to achieve continence after erosion and the most recent patient remains diverted with a suprapubic tube. All 4 patients with sheaths still remaining are dry without evidence of erosion (mean duration 116 months). These long-term results using a silicone wrap around a newly constructed bladder neck reveal an unacceptably high rate of erosion. Therefore, we no longer recommend or support the use of the silicone sheath in the manner we have described for bladder neck reconstruction.
“It’s Our Writing, We Decide It”: Voice, Tensions, and Power in a Critical Literacy Workshop

This qualitative case examines two focal elementary students’ experiences in a critical reading and writing workshop within a high-stakes testing context. Drawing on qualitative and discourse analyses of field notes, audio and video recordings of literature discussions, semi-structured interviews, and workshop artifacts, we demonstrate students’ critical text analysis through the lens of their own experiences. The critical workshop spaces allowed students the opportunity to practice skills associated with writing and reading practices while also entering into larger social and political conversations about the way their world works. Further, the findings highlight the tensions of the critical workshop, in particular, what happens when students use socially active voices in a school and state where testing has a stronghold on curricular and instructional decisions.
Decomposition and Histamine Content in Mahimahi (Coryphaena Hippurus).

Decomposition and histamine formation were studied with fresh mahimahi (Coryphaena hippurus) incubated in seawater at 0, 10, 21, and 32°C. The rates of decomposition (loss of quality) and histamine formation both increased at warmer incubation temperatures. Spoilage bacteria were primarily psychrotrophic at 0 and 10°C, while mesophilic bacteria predominated at 21 and 32°C. An increase in pH of the loin tissue was correlated slightly with the histamine level. The correlation between histamine level and loss of quality, however, was high. Also there was a strong correlation between odor of the fillet and histamine production during spoilage. Prior frozen storage at −20°C inhibited the rate of subsequent histamine formation, but did not affect the extent of quality loss. Loss of histamine during cooking (baking or steaming) had no appreciable effect on the residual histamine level of spoiled fish. Seawater was a much more efficient heat transfer medium than air during incubation. The rates of histamine forma...
A Rare Case of C2 Sensory Blockade with Preserved Phrenic Nerve Function in an Obstetric Patient

High neuraxial blockade is a serious complication in obstetric patients and requires prompt recognition and management in order to optimize patient outcomes. In cases of high neuroblockade, patients may present with significant hypotension, dyspnea, agitation, difficulty speaking or inability to speak, or even loss of consciousness. We report the unusual presentation of an obstetric patient that remained hemodynamically stable and had the preserved ability to initiate breaths despite sensory blockade up to C2. The presence of differential motor and sensory block documented in this case helped enable the patient to be managed with noninvasive ventilatory support until the high blockade regressed and we are not aware of any other similar reports in literature.
Constructing Bayesian networks by integrating gene expression and copy number data identifies NLGN4Y as a novel regulator of prostate cancer progression

// Yixuan Gong 1, * , Li Wang 2, 3, * , Uma Chippada-Venkata 1 , Xudong Dai 2, 3 , William K. Oh 1 , Jun Zhu 1, 2, 3 1 The Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA 2 Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA 3 Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Jun Zhu, email: jun.zhu@mssm.edu William K. Oh, email: William.oh@mssm.edu Keywords: Bayesian networks, NLGN4Y, prostate cancer, negative regulator, gene expression Received: April 15, 2016 Accepted: August 24, 2016 Published: September 10, 2016 ABSTRACT To understand the heterogeneity of prostate cancer (PCa) and identify novel underlying drivers, we constructed integrative molecular Bayesian networks (IMBNs) for PCa by integrating gene expression and copy number alteration data from published datasets. After demonstrating such IMBNs with superior network accuracy, we identified multiple sub-networks within IMBNs related to biochemical recurrence (BCR) of PCa and inferred the corresponding key drivers. The key drivers regulated a set of common effectors including genes preferentially expressed in neuronal cells. NLGN4Y—a protein involved in synaptic adhesion in neurons—was ranked as the top gene closely linked to key drivers of myogenesis subnetworks. Lower expression of NLGN4Y was associated with higher grade PCa and an increased risk of BCR. We show that restoration of the protein expression of NLGN4Y in PC-3 cells leads to decreased cell proliferation, migration and inflammatory cytokine expression. Our results suggest that NLGN4Y is an important negative regulator in prostate cancer progression. More importantly, it highlights the value of IMBNs in generating biologically and clinically relevant hypotheses about prostate cancer that can be validated by independent studies.
PV degradation curves: non-linearities and failure modes

Photovoltaic (PV) reliability and durability have seen increased interest in recent years. Historically, and as a preliminarily reasonable approximation, linear degradation rates have been used to quantify long-term module and system performance. The underlying assumption of linearity can be violated at the beginning of the life, as has been well documented, especially for thin-film technology. Additionally, non-linearities in the wear-out phase can have significant economic impact and appear to be linked to different failure modes. In addition, associating specific degradation and failure modes with specific time series behavior will aid in duplicating these degradation modes in accelerated tests and, eventually, in service life prediction. In this paper, we discuss different degradation modes and how some of these may cause approximately linear degradation within the measurement uncertainty (e.g., modules that were mainly affected by encapsulant discoloration) while other degradation modes lead to distinctly non-linear degradation (e.g., hot spots caused by cracked cells or solder bond failures and corrosion). The various behaviors are summarized with the goal of aiding in predictions of what may be seen in other systems. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Chapter 8 – Improving Net Recovery of Fluids

For petroleum producers to survive and prosper in the current low-price environment, they must use some combination of cost reduction and productivity enhancement. This chapter is concerned with hydraulic fracturing methods to increase the net recovery of in-place hydrocarbons above the current average of 5%. Harnessing natural fractures and the heterogeneity of horizontal wellbores is discussed, and several techniques are identified: Analyzing cuttings, wellbore logging and microseismic monitoring, secondary recovery, and refracturing are evaluated for current potential and future development. Increasing operational efficiency and decreasing service costs will continue to be necessary, but the surest long-term road to lower breakeven costs and resilience against future oil shocks will be increasing recovery.
Development of a Gene Therapy for Arthritis

Over 30 million Americans suffer at least one form of the various types of arthritis, making it the most prevalent pathologic condition among those over 65 years of age. Of the arthritides, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) currently affects over 5 million individuals, with nearly 50,000 new cases of RA diagnosed each year in the USA. Moreover, as arthritis is a disease whose incidence increases with age, with the increase in life span, the incidence of all forms of arthritis will be on the rise. Although current methods for treating arthritis are able to alleviate some of the associate symptoms, there currently are no cures for the disease and no existing methods are able to halt disease progression. Thus there represents a pressing need for the development of novel and effective therapies for the treatment of arthritis.
Talk this Way: the Ubiquitous Presidency and Expectations of Presidential Communication

The American presidency is evolving, and with it public expectations of how often and where the president should communicate. The rhetorical presidency, characterized by inclusive public appeals broadcast in a few media venues, has transitioned to a ubiquitous presidency wherein accessible, personal, and pluralistic communications are the norm. Despite these changes in communication style at the presidential level, scholars have yet to document formally how individuals’ expectations might be changing accordingly. Specifically, what do individuals expect of the frequency of and venues for presidential communication? We investigate established and emergent expectations of presidential communication via a field survey completed in the lead up to the 2016 Iowa Caucuses. The findings indicate that while expectations of presidential communication are shifting with executive behavior, beliefs remain moored to foundational notions of the informational, transparent, and dignified presidency. These shifts have demo...
The Broken Calculator

Callie and her friend Chris are trying to use a calculator to solve 88 x 8. However, when Callie got out her calculator, she noticed that it had two broken keys. Both the 8 key and the x key were broken! Chris suggested that if they changed the numbers in the problem and did not use the x key, they could still use the broken calculator to find the answer. Is Chris right? Find a way for Callie and Chris to use other keys on the broken calculator to solve 88 x 8. What solution ^ strategies did you try? Explain why your method works.
Understanding Author Academic Disciplinary Background to Direct A More Effective Use of Standardized Testing Within the School Community

Standardized testing is an external control mechanism for K-12 public schools. Principals, nested between internal and external influences, must manage the tension created by testing’s roles as both an internal improvement tool and as an external control mechanism. Five competing narratives, each shaped by author academic background, significantly influence this tension. The testing literature is complex, but understanding these five main narratives can enable a principal to more effectively and proactively lead the testing narrative within their own school community.
No change in energy efficiency in lactation: Insights from a longitudinal study.

Objectives Lactation is the most energy-demanding phase of reproduction for human females, but it is still unclear how women in different environments are able to meet this additional energy demand. Previous studies have investigated whether changes in metabolism could have an energy-sparing effect in lactation, with conflicting results. Here, we asked whether increased energy efficiency in physical activity serves as an energy-sparing mechanism in lactation. Methods We used a longitudinal design with a control group. Participants were 33 well-nourished, exclusively breastfeeding women and 29 non-pregnant, non-lactating (NPNL) controls aged 32 ± 4 years. Lactating women were measured at peak- and post-lactation. NPNL controls completed a baseline measurement and a follow-up visit. Energy efficiency in physical activity was assessed using a graded submaximal exercise test and calculated as delta efficiency (change in work accomplished over change in energy expended) and gross efficiency (work accomplished over energy expended). Results There was no significant change in either delta efficiency or gross efficiency from peak to post lactation in lactating women, and no significant difference in delta efficiency between lactating women and NPNL controls at any time period. However, lactating women showed greater between-visit variation in delta efficiency than the NPNL controls. Additionally, 79% of lactating participants lost weight between visits (mean weight loss -3.6 ± 2.3kg), consistent with a mobilization of body tissues to support lactation. Conclusion We found no support for the idea that lactating women undergo an increase in energy efficiency to support the energy costs of lactation.
The Extension and Implementation of the Autonomous Movement Framework

The internet changes the way we do business, with companies like Amazon, Uber, and Google reshaping the way commerce is done delivering packages. Companies, such as Nokia, are demonstrating drone fleets being used for public safety over large scale desert areas. Our research asked, could this technology be replicated on a small scale for independent operators to use? The initial goal of this project was to design and develop a framework to control and manage drone fleets for use in search and rescue and disaster relief. We were able to design a platform and framework that integrated common off-the-shelf drones and accessible Windows computers and Android Phones to build and deploy our Autonomous Movement Framework.
Cross Talk Between S-Nitrosylation and Phosphorylation Involving Kinases and Nitrosylases.

GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase-3)—one of the busiest kinases in cells—phosphorylates >100 known substrates. Typical substrates of GSK3 contain a phosphorylated priming sequence, S/T-X-X-X-S/T(P), where the GSK3-targeted serine/threonine lies 4 residues N-terminal to a phosphorylated serine/threonine. The large number of GSK3 substrates and their location within different cellular compartments raise the question of how selectivity and specificity of GSK3/substrate interactions are achieved. In this issue, Wang et al1 demonstrate that S -nitrosylation of GSK3β inhibits its activity in the cytosol and that S -nitrosylated GSK3β (SNO-GSK3β) translocates to the nucleus to phosphorylate nuclear substrates. Wang et al thus uncover novel interplay between S -nitrosylation and phosphorylation that subserves GSK3β targeting of substrates. Interestingly, this interplay may be relevant in heart failure. Article, see p 1517 In many cases, cross talk between S -nitrosylation and phosphorylation is manifested by S -nitrosylation–mediated suppression of protein kinase activity (Figure [A]). GRK2 (G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2) is a prime example.2 Specifically, GRK2-mediated phosphorylation of the β-AR (β-adrenergic receptor) at serine and threonine residues in β-AR’s arrestin-binding domain promotes β-arrestin binding, which prevents further activation of G proteins and initiates receptor internalization and desensitization. β-ARs do not, however, desensitize under normal physiological conditions because receptor-mediated kinase activation is followed by S -nitrosylation of a critical Cys (Cys340) within the activation loop of GRK2, which inhibits kinase activity.2 β-AR–coupled, endothelial NOS (NO synthase)–mediated S -nitrosylation thereby prevents receptor inactivation.3 There are many other examples of S -nitrosylation inhibiting phosphorylation-based signal transduction through induced conformational changes in kinases or by blocking their autophosphorylation: PKC (protein kinase C),4 AKT (protein kinase B),5 …
A History of the Soviet Union from the Beginning to its Legacy

This concise yet comprehensive textbook examines political, social, and cultural developments in the Soviet Union and the post-Soviet period. It begins by identifying the social tensions and political inconsistencies that spurred radical change in Russia's government, from the turn of the century to the revolution of 1917. Peter Kenez presents this revolution as a crisis of authority that the creation of the Soviet Union resolved. The text traces the progress of the Soviet Union through the 1920s, the years of the New Economic Policies, and into the Stalinist order. It illustrates how post-Stalin Soviet leaders struggled to find ways to rule the country without using Stalin's methods - but also without openly repudiating the past - and to negotiate a peaceful but antipathetic coexistence with the capitalist West. This updated third edition includes substantial new material, discussing the challenges Russia currently faces in the era of Putin.
Designing metrics for the purpose of aesthetically evaluating images

The algorithmic and evolutionary art movements within computer-generated art have helped spur interest in evaluating images on the basis of their aesthetic merit. When attempting to use non-interactive techniques to address this issue, two problems arise: (1) designing metrics that have explicit computational representations, and (2) establishing that such metrics actually fulfill their intended purpose. We survey our experiences in designing metrics for non-interactively guiding image evolution to obtain aesthetic images and we propose a taxonomy for metric frameworks. We also discuss some issues relevant to validating such metrics.
Amygdala (Amygdaloid Complex)

Originally named for its almond shape in human brain, ‘amygdala’ and ‘amygdaloid complex’ are terms that now refer to a highly differentiated region near the temporal pole of the mammalian cerebral hemisphere. Pioneering functional work of the temporal lobe in the first half of the twentieth century triggered interest in the amygdala, which has been the object of numerous anatomical, physiological, and behavioral studies ever since. As a result, the amygdala has been linked to some of the most complex functions of the brain including emotion, mnemonic processes, and ingestive, sexual, and social behavior. Amygdalar functional complexity is mirrored in its structural complexity. Cell groups within it appear to be differentiated parts of the traditional cortex, the striatum, or the claustrum. Furthermore, these amygdalar subsystems express their functions through exceedingly complex and highly differentiated circuits. They receive sensory information from fundamentally all sensory modalities, and in turn, influence a variety of motor systems via the diverse efferents. These connections enable the amygdala to pair motivational and emotional significance to incoming sensory stimuli through associations with rewarding or aversive events. An understanding of the underlying functional and anatomical principles that enable various amygdalar subsystems to contribute to its diverse functions is one of the most challenging questions facing the field today.
An Introductory Framework for Planning in Belgium

Belgium, a small and prosperous nation of 30,540 sq km (11,781 sq mi) located in northwestern Europe (Figure 1.1), is densely populated with nearly 10,000,000 inhabitants in 1991. The national political system is a constitutional monarchy within a quasi-federal system based in large part on language. French and Dutch are the two languages of the nation but there are also pockets of German-speakers in the eastern border areas. The vast majority of Belgians are Roman Catholic.
Predictors of Emergent Emergency Department Visits and Costs in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Background:The number of yearly emergency department (ED) visits by older adults in the United States has been increasing.Purpose:The objectives were to (1) describe the demographics, health-relate...
Integration of time-lapse seismic data using the onset time approach: The impact of seismic survey frequency

Abstract The use of seismic onset times has shown great promise for integrating near-continuous seismic surveys for updating geologic models. However, due to the high cost of seismic surveys, such frequent seismic surveys are not commonly available. In this study, we focus on analyzing the impact of seismic survey frequency on the onset time approach aiming to extend the application of onset time to infrequent seismic surveys. In addition, we quantitatively examine the nonlinearity of the onset time method and compare it to the commonly used amplitude inversion method. We carry out a sensitivity analysis of seismic survey frequency based on the complete seismic survey data (over 175 surveys) of steam injection in a heavy oil reservoir (Peace River Unit) in Canada. Data sets of different survey frequencies are generated by sampling at various time intervals from the complete data sets. Onset time maps based on different survey frequencies are calculated. Our results show that an adequate onset time map can be obtained from the infrequent seismic surveys by interpolation between seismic surveys as long as there is no change in the dominant underlying physics between the successive surveys. In terms of robustness of the inversion methods, nonlinearity of the onset time method can be smaller than that of the amplitude inversion method by several orders of magnitude. Application to the Brugge benchmark case shows that the onset time method obtains comparable permeability update as the traditional seismic amplitude inversion method with faster computation and improved convergence characteristics.
Pounded in the Butt by My Self-Plagiarized Tingler Negging Legal Scholarship

This article is a legal scholarship that takes the form of a tingler reflecting on the meaning of legal scholarship.
Design and Care for Discordant Chronic Comorbidities: A Comparison of Healthcare Providers' Perspectives

Care and support of discordant chronic comorbidities (DCCs) are challenges not only for patients but also for their healthcare providers. DCCs are health conditions in which patients have multiple, often unrelated, chronic illnesses that may need to be addressed concurrently but may also be associated with conflicting treatment instructions. Previous studies show that patients with DCCs reported multiple challenges. Here, we conducted interviews (N = 8) and focus groups (N = 7) with healthcare providers to obtain providers' perspectives. We compare the challenges and views reported by patients and healthcare providers. We suggest design guidelines and technology-mediated ways to address convergent and divergent issues between patients and providers. We recommend future exploration of strategies to simplify and better understand how treatment choices for one condition may impact another and how that exacerbates DCCs care costs.
Genomics analysis of hexanoic acid exposure in Drosophila species

Abstract Drosophila sechellia is a dietary specialist endemic to the Seychelles islands that has evolved to consume the fruit of Morinda citrifolia. When ripe, the fruit of M. citrifolia contains octanoic acid and hexanoic acid, two medium chain fatty acid volatiles that deter and are toxic to generalist insects. D. sechellia has evolved resistance to these volatiles allowing it to feed almost exclusively on this host plant. The genetic basis of octanoic acid resistance has been the focus of multiple recent studies, but the mechanisms that govern hexanoic acid resistance in D. sechellia remain unknown. To understand how D. sechellia has evolved to specialize on M. citrifolia fruit and avoid the toxic effects of hexanoic acid, we exposed adult D. sechellia, D. melanogaster and D. simulans to hexanoic acid and performed RNA sequencing comparing their transcriptional responses to identify D. sechellia specific responses. Our analysis identified many more genes responding transcriptionally to hexanoic acid in the susceptible generalist species than in the specialist D. sechellia. Interrogation of the sets of differentially expressed genes showed that generalists regulated the expression of many genes involved in metabolism and detoxification whereas the specialist primarily downregulated genes involved in the innate immunity. Using these data we have identified interesting candidate genes that may be critically important in aspects of adaptation to their food source that contains high concentrations of HA. Understanding how gene expression evolves during dietary specialization is crucial for our understanding of how ecological communities are built and how evolution shapes trophic interactions.
A proof of the Brown–Goodearl conjecture for module-finite weak Hopf algebras

Let H be a weak Hopf algebra that is a finitely generated module over its affine center. We show that H has finite self-injective dimension and so the Brown–Goodearl conjecture holds in this special weak Hopf setting.
Until the “Big Brexit” (1914–1945)

Two years had passed since Mario Gotze’s defining goal and on July 13, 2016, the sunshine was still hitting the lawn of the Maracana Stadium in Rio de Janeiro. But world attention was on partially clouded London. This chapter presents the convoluted sequence of events—the First World War, the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, Wilsonian self-determination, the Great Depression, and the Second World War—that, starting in 1914 and through 1945, brought economic globalization under British hegemony and first wave democracy to an end. Conversely, a global wave of authoritarian and revisionist regimes came instead, starting in the 1920s and peaking during the 1950s and 1960s. Autarkic or regulated international economic policies kept economic globalization at bay since 1929, while redistributive domestic economic policies nurtured domestic markets and reduced social inequality.
Non-Thermal Plasma Inactivation of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PPRS) Virus Aerosols

PRRSv is a virulent, infectious swine disease with high mortality rates. Studies1, 2 have found viable PRRSv aerosols up to 4 kilometers downwind of infected pigs. Consequently, protection against airborne transmission is a priority in the industry. Unlike conventional air filters that only address the transport of infectious aerosols, non-thermal plasmas (NTPs) can address both aerosol transport and aerosol infectivity3 by electrostatically removing larger aerosols and inactivating the remaining smaller aerosols including viral aerosols. Previous laboratory experiments at U niv. of Michigan ultrasonically aerosolized MS2 phage, producing aerosols that were then entrained in the air flow supplied to a packed bed DBD reactor operated between 12 and 30 kV AC (60 Hz). Using virus stocks and wind tunnel facilities provided by the Univ. of Minnesota, the same reactor was tested for effectiveness in inactivating PRRSv. An air-jet atomizer aerosolized solutions containing ~105 TCID50/ml of PRRS VR2332 strain, aerosols that were then entrained in the air flow supplied to the reactor. Twin impingers upstream and downstream of the reactor collected pre- and post-treatment samples followed by TCID50 assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses. Over the range of voltages applied, results showed that PRRSv was inactivated to an equal or greater degree as MS2 under the same conditions. The results do not suggest any protective effect of the additional lipid layer that surrounds enveloped viruses (such as PRRSv) as compared to nonenveloped viruses (such as MS2). The results also proved MS2 can serve as a conservative surrogate for PRRSv in assessing NTP performance.
Interracial Families: Current Concepts and Controversies

1. Today's White Collar Crime Reading 1-1 Donald DeKieffer, Terrorist Links to Commercial Fraud in the United States Reading 1-2 Brad Heath, Katrina Fraud Swamps System 2. Information Technology and White Collar Crime Reading 2-1 Amber Ennis, A Look at Crime in the Age of Technology Reading 2-2 Peter Carbonara, The Scam That Will Not Die 3. The Corporate-State Corruption Connection - Can it be Stopped? Reading 3-1 Charlie Cray, Disaster Profiteering: The Flood of Crony Contracting Following Hurricane Katrina Reading 3-2 Charlie Cray, Meet the War Profiteers 4. The Origins of Public Corruption Control in the United States: 1883-1969 Reading 4-1 Elizabeth Kolbert, FELLOWship of the Ring Reading 4-2 David Witiwer, The Scandal of George Scalise: A Case Study in the Rise of Labor Racketeering in the 1930s 5. The "Modern Era" of Public Corruption Control: The 1970s Through Today Reading 5-1 Dennis F. Thompson, Mediated Corruption: The Case of the Keating Five Reading 5-2 Karen Tumulty, Mark Thompson & Mike Allen, How Many More Mike Browns Are Out There? 6. White Collar Crime Theory: Origins and Early Developments Reading 6-1 Bill McCarthy, The Attitudes and Actions of Others: Tutelage and Sutherland's Theory of Differential Association Reading 6-2 Neil Steinberg, Running After the Jonses 7. Organizational and Societal Crime Theories Reading 7-1 Davita Silfen Glasberg & Dan Skidmore, The Dialectics of White-Collar Crime: The Anatomy of the Savings and Loan Crisis and the Case of Silverado Banking, Savings and Loan Association Reading 7-2 Dell P. Champlin & Janet T. Knoedler, Corporations, Workers, and the Public Interest 8. White Collar Crime: A Legalistic Perspective Reading 8-1 Lawrence Malkin & Yuval Elizur, Terrorism's Money Trail Reading 8-2 Joseph T. Wells, An Unholy Trinity: The Three Ways Employees Embezzle Cash 9. White Collar Crime Analysis and Trends Reading 9-1 Tim Weiner, How to Make a Spy Reading 9-2 Marilyn B. Peterson, Applying Heuer's Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH) in the Law Enforcement Intelligence Environment 10. Where Do We Go Frome Here? The Future of White Collar Crime Reading 10-1 William Billingslea, Illicit Cigarette Trafficking and the Funding of Terrorism Reading 10-2 Abbe David Lowell & Kathryn C. Arnold, Corporate Crime after 2000: A New Law Enforcement Challenge or Deja Vu?
Distributed Parallel Processing and Dynamic Load Balancing Techniques for Multidisciplinary High Speed Aircraft Design

Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) for large-scale engineering problems poses many challenges (e.g., the design of an efficient concurrent paradigm for global optimization based on disciplinary analyses, expensive computations over vast data sets, etc.) This work focuses on the application of distributed schemes for massively parallel architectures to MDO problems, as a tool for reducing computation time and solving larger problems. The specific problem considered here is configuration optimization of a high speed civil transport (HSCT), and the efficient parallelization of the embedded paradigm for reasonable design space identification. Two distributed dynamic load balancing techniques (random polling and global round robin with message combining) and two necessary termination detection schemes (global task count and token passing) were implemented and evaluated in terms of effectiveness and scalability to large problem sizes and a thousand processors. The effect of certain parameters on execution time was also inspected. Empirical results demonstrated stable performance and effectiveness for all schemes, and the parametric study showed that the selected algorithmic parameters have a negligible effect on performance.
Possible origin of n-alkanes with a remarkable even-to-odd predominance in recent marine sediments

Abstract N- alkane distributions with a remarkable even-to-odd predominance (C16-C24) were found in marine surface sediments. The previously proposed diagenetic reduction of the corresponding n- fatty acids could not be considered as a source for these N- alkane . Based on a comparison of compositional features of n- alkane , n- fatty acid and n- alcohol distributions, carbon isotope analyses, and other geochemical parameters, the data indicate that the even-predominant n- alkanes were derived directly from marine bacteria.
Electron tunneling and the energy gap in Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox.

Results of electron tunneling on single crystals of the ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}\mathrm{Ca}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{x}$ superconductor are reported. The junctions show a gap structure with $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\approx}25$ meV, whose temperature dependence exhibits a qualitatively Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer-like behavior with a gap-closing ${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\approx}81\ensuremath{-}85$ K. Comparisons of these tunneling spectra to those obtained on $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}x}$ are made. Evidence that $\frac{2\ensuremath{\Delta}}{k{T}_{c}}\ensuremath{\sim}7$ for both ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}\mathrm{Ca}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{x}$ and $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}x}$ is also discussed.
Ordained Discrimination: The Cases Against the Ministerial Exception

On October 5, 2011 the Supreme Court will hear oral arguments in the case of Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. EEOC. Hosanna-Tabor involves the ministerial exception, a court-created doctrine that holds that the First Amendment requires the dismissal of many employment discrimination cases against religious employers. The Fifth Circuit created the ministerial exception in 1972 when it dismissed Mrs. Billie McClure’s equal pay lawsuit against the Salvation Army. Since then, the federal and state courts have repeatedly expanded the exception to reject lawsuits by elementary and secondary school teachers, school principals, university professors, music teachers, choir directors, organists, administrators, secretaries, and communications managers alleging violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, Title VII, the Pregnancy Discrimination Act, the Equal Pay Act, the Fair Labor Standards Act, the Family & Medical Leave Act, Workers’ Compensation laws and numerous state tort and contract laws. Both sides base their arguments upon the Free Exercise Clause, the Establishment Clause, and First Amendment freedom of association. Defenders of the exception argue that religious organizations need the exception to protect their free exercise of religion, that the Establishment Clause prevents courts from getting entangled in religious employment decisions, and that religious employers have expressive association rights to choose their ministers. Opponents of the exception insist that the Free Exercise Clause requires religious employers to obey neutral laws of general applicability, that courts can review employment decisions without entangling themselves in religious issues, and that the right of expressive association is narrower than the ministerial exception.Instead of beginning with those First Amendment arguments, this essay surveys the field of the forty-year-old ministerial exception in order to identify its numerous weaknesses and demonstrate its superfluity. When the actual decisions are reviewed in detail, it becomes apparent that the numerous justifications for the exception are all a restatement of one foundational argument: that religious groups are entitled to disobey the law. It is that argument that the Court needs to rebut most forcefully when it decides Hosanna-Tabor.
Experimental demonstration of nonlinear model-based-control of a heat exchanger

A process-model-based controller is experimentally demonstrated for control of tube-side outlet temperature in a steam/water heat exchanger, and is compared to the conventional PID and IMC feedback controllers.
Spectral editing of tumor 13C MRS in situ.

The editing pulse sequence DEPT (D.T. Pegg, D.M. Doddrell, and M.R. Bendall, J. Chem. Phys. 77, 2745 (1982)) was modified using a scheme of various composite pulses and a 16-step phase cycling to obtain proton-decoupled natural-abundance 13C edited subspectra of solid tumors. A solenoidal probe including a Faraday shield and an orthogonal saddle decoupling coil was built for this purpose.
A switched-capacitor differencing circuit with common-mode rejection for fully differential comparators

A switched-capacitor differencing circuit for use in fully differential comparators is described. The circuit subtracts a differential reference from a differential input and provides common-mode rejection, potentially saving power dissipation and die area by simplifying the design of the rest of the comparator. >