cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Recursive NTSC Canceller To Reduce Co-channel Interference Into HDTV Broadcasts

A modulation-independent method of reducing NTSC (National Television System Committee) co-channel interference into ATV (advanced television) signals is described. The design utilizes tunable, parallel connected, narrow-bandwidth IIR (infinite impulse response) filters to isolate and cancel the major components of NTSC. The canceler has been fully simulated and tested against actual NTSC signals corrupting a 32 QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) signal. The canceler, based on notch filtering the audio, chrominance, and luminance carrier components, can increase the probability of detection by a least 3 dB compared to the same demodulator without a canceler. The detection probability increases by 1 dB per each additional luminance sideband notch filter pair. >
Functional Hybrid Modeling

The modeling and simulation of physical systems is of key importance in many areas of science and engineering, and thus can benefit from high-quality software tools. In previous research we have demonstrated how functional programming can form the basis of an expressive language for causal hybrid modeling and simulation. There is a growing realization, however, that a move toward non-causal modeling is necessary for coping with the ever increasing size and complexity of modeling problems. Our goal is to combine the strengths of functional programming and non-causal modeling to create a powerful, strongly typed fully declarative modeling language that provides modeling and simulation capabilities beyond the current state of the art. Although our work is still in its very early stages, we believe that this paper clearly articulates the need for improved modeling languages and shows how functional programming techniques can play a pivotal role in meeting this need.
Estrogen receptor alpha prevents bladder cancer via INPP4B inhibited akt pathway in vitro and in vivo.

$('.header-date').hide();$('#titleAuthors').hide();$('#abstractHeader').hide(); Iawen Hsu 1 * , Chiuan-Ren Yeh 1 * , Spencer Slavin 1 , Hiroshi Miyamoto 2 , George J. Netto 2 , Yu- Chieh Tsai 1 , Mesut Muyan 3 , Xue-Ru Wu 4 , Edward M. Messing 1 , Elizabeth A. Guancial 5 , Shuyuan Yeh 1 1 Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642. 2 Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21231. 3 Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642. 4 Department of Urology, New York University, School of Medicine, NY 10016. 5 Departments of Hematology and Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642. * Contributed equally Correspondence to: Dr. Shuyuan Yeh, e-mail: shuyuan_yeh@urmc.rochester.edu Received: September 17, 2013 Accepted: July 07, 2014 Published: July 29, 2014 Abbreviations: ERα , estrogen receptor alpha; ERα KO, ERα knockout mice; BCa , bladder cancer; BBN , N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine; IHC , immunohistochemistry; INPP4B , Inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase type II; MTT , 3-(4,5- Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide; MCA , 3-methylcholanthrene; WT , wild type. ABSTRACT Clinical reports show males have a higher bladder cancer (BCa) incidence than females. The sexual difference of BCa occurrence suggests that estrogen and its receptors may affect BCa development. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is the classic receptor to convey estrogen signaling, however, the function of ERα in BCa development remains largely unknown. To understand the in vivo role of ERα in BCa development, we generated total and urothelial specific ERα knockout mice (ERαKO) and used the pre- carcinogen BBN to induce BCa. Earlier reports showed that ERα promotes breast and ovarian cancers in females. Surprisingly and of clinical importance, our results showed that ERα inhibits BCa development and loss of the ERα gene results in an earlier onset and higher incidence of BBN-induced in vivo mouse BCa. Supportively, carcinogen induced malignant transformation ability was reduced in ERα expressing urothelial cells as compared to ERα negative cells. Mechanism studies suggest that ERα could control the expression of INPP4B to reduce AKT activity and consequently reduce BCa cell growth. In addition, IHC staining of clinical sample analyses show that INPP4B expression, in correlation with reduced ERα, is significantly reduced in human BCa specimens. Together, this is the first report using the in vivo cre-loxP gene knockout mouse model to characterize ERα roles in BCa development. Our studies provide multiple in vitro cell studies and in vivo animal model data as well as human BCa tissue analyses to prove ERα plays a protective role in BCa initiation and growth at least partly via modulating the INPP4B/Akt pathway.
Hermeneutics and psychology: A review and dialectical model

The authors encourage psychologists to transcend the simple but often made a contrast of quantitative and qualitative epistemologies by reissuing a call to consider a hermeneutical realist perspect...
Fat-preferring rats consume more alcohol than carbohydrate-preferring rats.

Rats with a genetic preference for alcohol (ETOH) have been found to consume more dietary fat then ETOH nonpreferring rats. We therefore hypothesized that rats selected on the basis of fat and carbohydrate (CHO) preferences would differ in ETOH intake. Patterns of macronutrient self-selection were determined by allowing rats to select diets from separate source of CHO, fat and protein. Subsequently, CHO- and fat-preferring groups were formed. All rats were then returned to a lab chow diet and trained to drink ETOH (4–14%) during one hour of access per day. Food restriction was used only in the first three weeks of the procedure. On the final drinking session, water and ETOH were alternated on a daily basis. Fat-preferring rats consumed significantly more ETOH than water, CHO-preferring rats consumed approximately equal amounts of ETOH and water. Futhermore, fat-preferring rats consumed more ETOH than CHO-preferring rats. This study suggests that there may be a common mechanism underlying diet preference and oral intake of ETOH.
A model of the upper extremity for simulating musculoskeletal surgery and analyzing neuromuscular control

Biomechanical models of the musculoskeletal system are frequently used to study neuromuscular control and simulate surgical procedures. To be broadly applicable, a model must be accessible to users, provide accurate representations of muscles and joints, and capture important interactions between joints. We have developed a model of the upper extremity that includes 15 degrees of freedom representing the shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, thumb, and index finger, and 50 muscle compartments crossing these joints. The kinematics of each joint and the force-generating parameters for each muscle were derived from experimental data. The model estimates the muscle-tendon lengths and moment arms for each of the muscles over a wide range of postures. Given a pattern of muscle activations, the model also estimates muscle forces and joint moments. The moment arms and maximum moment-generating capacity of each muscle group (e.g., elbow flexors) were compared to experimental data to assess the accuracy of the model. These comparisons showed that moment arms and joint moments estimated using the model captured important features of upper extremity geometry and mechanics. The model also revealed coupling between joints, such as increased passive finger flexion moment with wrist extension. The computer model is available to researchers at http://nmbl.stanford.edu.
Food Security and World Trade Prospects

Food security depends on available world supplies of food, the income of the designated population, and the population's access to the available supplies. Consequently, though seldom recognized in national food security policies, there is a direct relationship between food security, world trade in food, and the domestic policies that govern access to international markets for food. On all three scores, I believe we can be optimistic about improvements in world food security over the next quarter century. Over the next quarter century, the world's supply of food will grow somewhat more rapidly than will the demand for it, leading to lower real prices of food. Thus, the trend of food prices, as measured by grain prices, is likely to continue the trend of the current century, though at a slower rate of decline.' The remarkable reduction in the international price of grain that has occurred in this century is given all too little emphasis in discussions of the world food situation, certainly so in the discussions of the food pessimists. I am confident that the real per capita incomes of the majority of the population in the developing countries will continue to increase, contributing to an improvement in food security. Finally, I believe that, with the changes in agricultural policies in the major industrial countries, world trade in farm products, especially grains, will be further liberalized in the future. In addition, more and more developing countries are reducing barriers to trade, thus increasing access to world food supplies. Thus, all the broad trends point o an improvement in world food security and a reduction in the number of persons adversely affected by both long-term or short-term inadequate access to food. This does not mean that in every country food security will improve. Some governments may continue to follow national and trade policies related to food that restrict domestic food production, limit the growth of per capita incomes, and restrict access to the available world food supplies. When this happens, food security and adequacy will not be im roved or not improved as much as they po entially could be. At this time, there can be little doubt that the poor performance of agriculture and the insecurity of food supplies in sub-Saharan Africa over the past quarter century have been due primarily to inappropriate policies-to policies that discriminated against agriculture and resulted in large-scale governmental interventions in international trade. Misgovernment plus civil and ethnic wars have exacted and continue to exact a
QUANTIFYING PASSIVE AND DRIVEN LARGE-SCALE EVOLUTIONARY TRENDS

I introduce a new statistical method, analysis of skewness, for quantifying large-scale evolutionary trends as a combination of both passive and driven trends. My approach is based on the skewness of subclades within a parent clade. I partition the total skewness of the parent clade into three components: (1) skewness between subclades; (2) skewness within subclades; and (3) skewness due to changes in variance among subclades. The third component corresponds to a new type of passive trend, in which overall skewness of a parent clade is due to greater variability in subclades to the right of the mean. Using this partitioning, I decompose an observed trend into two components: a driven portion and a passive portion, thus quantifying the effect of small-scale dynamics on large-scale behavior of clades. Applications are given to Miocene-Pliocene rodent size and Ordovician brachiopod muscle geometry.
Coactivation of the antagonist muscle does not covary with steadiness in old adults

The purpose of the study was to determine the association between steadiness and activation of the agonist and antagonist muscles during isometric and anisometric contractions. Young (n = 14) and o...
The Politics of Punctualization and Depunctualization in the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA)

Drawing on actor-network theory (ANT), this essay explores the politics of punctualization and depunctualization by closely examining the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA), an online advertising and marketing trade consortium. I will argue that the DAA is an association of these seven organizations and their heterogeneous online advertising practices, dedicated to a strategy of extending and maintaining the power of advertising in the political economy of the Internet. In support of that argument, and in line with ANT scholarship, I will trace some of the associating work the DAA does in order to cohere and maintain itself as a unified organization. However, I will also argue that the DAA often deploys multiplicity and heterogeneity in service to its overall associating practices. In other words, simply tracing association, simplification, and coherence will not be enough to explain the DAA's success; I will have to consider the DAA's use of complexity and seeming incoherence as tactics in support of its overall cohering strategy. To do this work, I will deploy two concepts from Actor-Network Theory, punctualization and depunctualization, as key lenses through which to see the shifting contours of the Digital Advertising Association as it confronts other actor-networks. I will illustrate this with three specific moments of simplification and heterogeneity associated with the DAA: the use of spokespeople, a cookie-based opt-out system, and a small triangular logo. To explore these three moments, I will closely read press releases, legislative testimony, and the architectural and technical structures of the DAA and DAA-member Web sites, as well as draw on the scholarly literature on online advertising, human-computer interaction, and standards consortia. My ultimate argument is that ANT scholarship must consider how organization is just as much about deploying heterogeneity as it is about cohering into durable singularity.
Decimeter-level localization with a single WiFi access point

We present Chronos, a system that enables a single WiFi access point to localize clients to within tens of centimeters. Such a system can bring indoor positioning to homes and small businesses which typically have a single access point. The key enabler underlying Chronos is a novel algorithm that can compute sub-nanosecond time-of-flight using commodity WiFi cards. By multiplying the time-of-flight with the speed of light, a MIMO access point computes the distance between each of its antennas and the client, hence localizing it. Our implementation on commodity WiFi cards demonstrates that Chronos's accuracy is comparable to state-of-the-art localization systems, which use four or five access points.
Additional evidence for comparability of Set Two (lists E, F, and G) of the Depression Adjective Check Lists

Forms E, F, and G of the Depression Adjective Check Lists (DACL) were administered to 240 college undergraduates. Half completed this “Actual” condition before random assignment either to a “Fake Good,” “Fake Bad,” or “Fake Average” condition, 20 males and 20 females per experimental condition, and half were randomly assigned first to one of the experimental conditions and then to the “Actual” condition. All 36 intercorrelations were significant and ranged from .65 to .92. Mean rs for the experimental conditions when they occurred first were .90, .87, and .77 and .82, .66, and .86 when they occurred second (“Fake Bad,” “Fake Good,” and “Fake Average,” respectively). An intercorrelation matrix of all six half-lists of Forms E, F, and G showed all rs significant. These findings increase confidence in the consideration of Lists E, F, and G of the check list as equivalent and in the potential utility of the half-lists.
The History of Blissard's Symbolic Method, With a Sketch of its Inventor's Life

(1938). The History of Blissard's Symbolic Method, With a Sketch of its Inventor's Life. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 45, No. 7, pp. 414-421.
DEVELOPMENT IN CLADONIA OCHROCHLORA

The developmental biology of the fungal partner in the lichen genus Cladonia is explored through a study of the ontogeny and morphogenesis of the podetium in C. ochrochlora. The identity of the socalled generative tissue is clarified: the purported sexual nature of this tissue and the podetium is rejected. The architectures of the podetium and scyphus are determined early in ontogeny by processes in which fungal hyphae become oriented into various growth planes and differentiate into medullary layers. Hyphae that subtend the scyphus from the interior of the podetium later thicken into cartilaginous tissue. Although they appear to support the scyphus they are simply the by-products of its development. Developmental patterns in C. ochrochlora are predictive of the morphology of mature podetia. A comparison of ontogenetic processes in various Cladonia species is useful in the systematic analysis of the genus.
Vision Based Localization for Multiple Mobile Robots Using Low-cost Vision Sensor

This paper presents an efficient approach for a vision based localization of multiple mobile robots in an indoor environment by using a low cost vision sensor. The proposed vision sensor system that uses a single camera mounted over the mobile robots field takes advantages of small size, low energy consumption, and high flexibility to play an important role in the field of robotics. The nRF24L01 RF transceiver is connected to the vision system to enable wireless communication with multiple devices through 6 different data pipes. The downward-facing camera provides excellent performance that has the ability to identify a number of objects based on color codes, which form colored landmarks that provide mobile robots with useful image information for localization in the image view, which is then transformed to real world coordinates. Experimental results are given to show that the proposed method can obtain good localization performance in multi-mobile robots setting.
Comparison of distribution beyond coronary stenoses of blood and asanguineous cardioplegic solutions.

In seven dogs on cardiopulmonary bypass, a critical stenosis (75% to 90%) of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was produced. Alternate 250 ml/min infusions of asanguineous and blood cardioplegic (4° C) solutions were made for 3 to 5 minutes. Poststenotic flow (flowmeter), intramyocardial temperature, and aortic pressure were measured. During cardioplegic infusions of 250 ml/min, aortic pressure was 34 ± 4 mm Hg higher with blood cardioplegia than with asanguineous cardioplegia (82 ± 7 versus 48 ± 8 mm Hg*). Poststenotic cardioplegic flow was 39% ± 9%* higher (29 ± 5 versus 18 ± 5 ml/min*) with blood cardioplegia. Consequently, blood cardioplegia resulted in more rapid arrest (20 ± 2 versus 45 ± 5 seconds*) and lower myocardial temperature (6° ± 1° C*) in the region of LAD blood supply; posterior ventricular myocardial cooling was similar (unobstructed vessels) with both solutions. These data show that the reduced viscosity of asanguineous cardioplegia compared to blood cardioplegia results in lower aortic pressure. Consequently, the higher aortic pressure with blood cardioplegia results in superior cardioplegic delivery beyond obstructed coronaries and better myocardial cooling. We conclude that the decreased viscosity of 4° C asanguineous cardioplegia causes diversion of cardioplegic solution from the obstructed to the normal coronary bed.
Rear-seat motor vehicle travel in the U.S.: Using national data to define a population at risk

Background Recent studies suggest that the relative protection offered by rear seating in motor vehicle crashes has decreased, potentially reflecting disproportionate advancements in front-seat safety technology. Safe adaptation of advanced front-seat restraint systems for the rear-seat environment will require exposure data that are currently unavailable. Purpose This study uses national data to quantify rear-seat occupancy patterns, restraint use, and annual travel exposure in the U.S. in order to support the development of advanced crash protection systems for rear-seat motor vehicle occupants. Methods Data from the 2000–2006 National Automotive Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System and 2001 National Household Transportation Survey were analyzed in 2008 to quantify occupancy patterns (e.g., seat position, restraint use) and annual person-trips for rear-seat passengers in the U.S. Results The overall proportion of person-trips by rear-seat occupants is relatively low (12.9%); however national at-risk exposure remains significant (approximately 39 billion annual person-trips). Annual rear-seat travel exposure is similar among children ≤12 years and adults (18.9 vs 19.1 billion person-trips) despite the fact that children are proportionally much more likely to ride in rear positions (79.3% vs 7.4%). Restraint use among adult rear-seat occupants was also much lower than among front-seat occupants (50.4% vs 82.2%). Conclusions While rear-seat occupancy is relatively low compared with front-seat occupancy at-risk rear-seat travel by both child and adult passengers in the U.S. remains significant. Restraint use by rear-seat occupants is much lower than that among front-seat passengers, particularly among adults and older children, substantially increasing injury risk. Development of future crash protection systems for rear-seat passengers must account for these exposure patterns to ensure safe and effective integration into production vehicles.
A Case Study on Data Quality, Privacy, and Evaluating the Outcome of Entity Resolution Processes

This paper presents ongoing research conducted through collaboration between the University of Arkansas at Little Rock and the Arkansas Department of Education to develop an entity resolution and identity management system. The process includes a multi-phase approach consisting of data-quality analysis, selection of entity-identity attributes for entity resolution, defined a rule set using the open source entity-resolution system named OYSTER and used entropy approach to identify the potential false positive and false negative. The research is the first known of its kind to evaluate privacy-enhancing, entity-resolution rule sets in a state education agency.
Long-time effects of humidity change on the dielectric properties of certain polymers

The study of the long-time effects of humidity change on the dielectric properties of dielectric materials was for the most part made on disk specimens from 2 to 5 mm thick which were cut down to a diameter of about 4 cm for measurement in micrometer electrode holders and on which evaporated metal (usually gold) electrodes were applied. Most of the results described in this paper were obtained on specimens of this type using a frequency of 1000 c/s at 23°C.
Asymptotik arithmetischer Funktionen

Zu jeder arithmetischen Funktion f existiert eine zugehorige summatorische Funktion $$\displaystyle\sum\limits_{n\leq x}{f(n)}$$ die von der reellen Variablen x abhangt. In diesem Abschnitt werden asymptotische Formeln, wie die der Lemmata 6.2 und 6.3, hergeleitet. Sie liefern Informationen daruber, wie sich die Werte der arithmetischen Funktion f fur grose Werte von x im Mittel verhalten.
Spatial and Temporal Patterns Associated with Permitted Tree Removal in Austin, Texas, 2002–2011

A wide-ranging set of physical, urban, demographic, socioeconomic, and policy characteristics determines the spatial distribution of urban forests. Information on the characteristics surrounding tr...
Testing the role of cuticular hydrocarbons on intercolonial agonism in two subterranean termite species ( Coptotermes ) and their hybrids

Recognition of nestmates is an important function in many social insects, as it maintains colony integrity by preventing outsiders from entering the colony. Agonism usually results from the interaction of con-specific non-nestmate individuals in termite colonies. Previous studies hypothesized that the cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile of individuals had a role in nestmate recognition. However, contradictory results from previous studies in some subterranean termites raise questions on the validity of the cuticular hydrocarbon hypothesis. In the current study, Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann), Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and their hybrids were reared in identical conditions from colony foundation. This approach eliminates sources of variability in their cuticular hydrocarbon profiles aside from a genetic component. The parental species displayed dissimilar profiles of predominant alkanes and methyl alkanes, but both hybrid types displayed an overlapping, intermediate profile of these CHC. The mixture of the most abundant CHCs alone did not determine kin recognition; while the two hybrid types’ CHC profiles converged, the hybrids still showed strong agonism. One of the hybrid mating types easily merged with C. formosanus, despite only partial genetic similarity and dissimilar cuticular profiles for the common alkanes and methyl alkanes. This study suggests that in Coptotermes termites, the variable abundance of the major alkanes and methyl alkanes commonly found in most Coptotermes species does not explain agonistic patterns, and that other factors such as possibly more complex but less abundant CHC are likely to be involved in colonial recognition.
Let experts judge research potential

Senator Rand Paul (R–KY) recently introduced legislation to fundamentally change how federal grant proposals are reviewed by the government (“Rand Paul takes a poke at U.S. peer-review panels,” J. Mervis, News, 19 October; ). He seeks to solve a problem that doesn't
Microbiota metabolic product deoxycholic acid controls chicken necrotic enteritis

Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by coccidiosis and Clostridium perfringens infection remerges as a prevalent poultry disease worldwide in the antimicrobial free era. The lack of antimicrobial alternative strategy to control this disease is mainly originated from limited insight into NE pathogenesis, microbiome, and host response. Here we reported that microbiota metabolic product secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid (DCA) at as low as 50 μM inhibited 82.8% of C. perfringens growth in Tryptic Soy Broth. Sequential Eimeria maxima and C. perfringens infections strongly induced NE, severe intestinal inflammation, and body weight (BW) loss in broiler chickens, effects attenuated by 1.5 g/kg DCA diet. At cellular level, DCA alleviated NE-associated ileal epithelium death and lamina propria immune cell apoptosis. Interestingly, DCA reduced C. perfringens invasion into villi without significantly altering the bacterial luminal colonization. Molecular analysis showed that DCA reduced inflammatory mediators of Infγ, Litaf (Tnfα), Il1β and Mmp9 mRNA accumulation in ileal tissue. Mechanically, C. perfringens induced elevated expression of inflammatory cytokines of Infγ, Litaf, and Ptgs2 (COX-2 gene) in chicken splenocytes. Consequently, inhibiting COX by aspirin attenuated murine INFγ- or TNFα-induced inflammatory response in splenocytes. Consistent with the in vitro assay, chickens fed 0.12 g/kg aspirin diet resisted against NE-induced BW loss, ileal inflammation, and villus apoptosis. In conclusion, microbial metabolic product DCA prevents NE-induced BW loss and ileal inflammation through curbing inflammatory response. These novel findings could serve as a stepping-stone for developing next generation antimicrobial alternatives against NE.
Pornography, Feminism, and Censorship

It undoubtedly says something about our culture that if one were to mention the name of Richard Lovelace, few people, even in educated circles, will immediately identify the reference and recall the nature of his accomplishments. On the other hand, mention of the name Linda Lovelace will probably produce associations in the minds of the majority, and quite a few will be able to describe her oscular achievements in embarrassing detail. We live in a time when pornography has “come out of the closet” (or dresser drawer). As the topsy-turvy of our time would have it, Ms. Lovelace has become a heroine in circles that would otherwise eschew association with her career.
Development and History in Social Science Theories

Since the publication of de Saussure’s lecture notes (1916), linguistics has been cut into two: synchronic linguistics, the description of a particular “state” of a language at some “point” in time; and diachronic linguistics, the description of its historical development “through time.” In deemphasizing the interdependence of these two approaches, linguistics has disregarded the human being as both the creator and the creation of language. This disregard is the result of the failure to understand individual and historical changes. The methodological, epistemological, and ideological implications of this issue may be clarified by the following examples.
37Ca beta + decay and the efficiency of the 37Cl detector for high energy neutrinos.

There is a qualitative disagreement between the Gamow-Teller strength function extracted from the \ensuremath{\beta}-delayed proton decay of $^{37}\mathrm{Ca}$ and that estimated using the $^{37}\mathrm{Cl}$(p,n) reaction. Adelberger and Haxton have shown that this could be explained by the strong tendency of high energy states in $^{37}\mathrm{K}$ to proton decay to $^{36}\mathrm{Ar}$ in its first excited state. We present the results of an experiment confirming this idea. By detecting proton-\ensuremath{\gamma} coincidences we determined that the fraction of $^{37}\mathrm{Ca}$ decays that feed the first excited state of $^{36}\mathrm{Ar}$ is 2.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8 %. This should be compared to a shell model prediction of 1.80\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.20 %. We also present some information on the \ensuremath{\beta} decay of $^{25}\mathrm{Si}$ obtained as a by- product of our experiment.
Breath Booster!: Exploring In-Car, Fast-Paced Breathing Interventions to Enhance Driver Arousal State

In this paper, we explore the delivery of fast breathing interventions in a driving context, given the proven effects of high-paced breathing on autonomic arousal. Through in-lab simulator studies, we demonstrate the feasibility of using haptic guidance to increase breathing rate, intensity, and heart rate as well as subjective perceptions of alertness and focus. We also assess usability and user receptivity towards the approach across various simulated driving scenarios (highway, city), times of day (day, night), and traffic levels (low, heavy, fast). In doing so, we outline specific use cases where fast breathing interventions are more or less appropriate and beneficial (e.g., during long, monotonous drives on the highway or at night vs. complex or tense driving scenarios), and we offer fertile future directions for the continued development of breathing systems for health and well-being.
Shark single domain antibody to identify MHC/peptide complexes

2749 Telomerase is the first universal cancer antigen and is currently be used as target of therapeutic vaccines. While much implication has been surmised on the immune response of normal individuals and cancer patients against selected HLA-restricted telomerase peptides, little is known on processing and presentation of this self antigen. One possible method to assess presentation is to identify telomerase peptides at the surface of tumor cells in conjunction with the HLA molecule. This can be realized using TCR-like antibodies. A systematic approach to this issue would require generating pools of TCR-like antibodies to probe tumor cells for a variety of peptides in combination with different HLA alleles. We explored the possibility to use phage expression libraries single domain antibodies produced in shark termed VNAR. These have structured characteristics that render them particularly suitable for the recognition of HLA/peptide complexes, such as its small molecular size (12 KDa) and compact V domain conformation in which the CDR2 is either very short or non-existing, and a long CDR3 loop which is chiefly responsible for the interaction with antigen. Therefore, VNAR are ideal mini-binding sites to recognize otherwise cryptic antigens sites which may be the case of HLA/peptide complexes at the cell surface. Here, we report on the identification of a VNAR from a phage library generated from a naive shark (Heterodontus francisci). M1 antibody was selected for binding to HLA-B7 complexed with telomerase peptide p1123, a dominant peptide in the human immune response against telomerase. By FACS, M1 bound T2-B7 human lymphoma cells pulsed with p1123, but not pulsed with HLA-B7 restricted telomerase peptide (p277). By fluorescence microscopy, M1 also stained T2-B7 cells pulsed with peptide with a diffuse puntiform pattern. Finally, M1 inhibited TCR recognition of target cells by murine CTL generated in HLA-B7 transgenic mice. These preliminary results suggest that shark VNAR are useful tools to study the expression of HLA/peptide complexes on tumor cells and should be pursued to generate libraries of mini-binding sites to probe cancer cells in patients.
Pangenome Flux Balance Analysis Toward Panphenomes

Studies of the pangenome have been empowered by an exponentially increasing amount of strain-specific genome sequencing data. With this data deluge comes a need for new tools to contextualize, analyze, and interpret such a vast amount of information. Network reconstructions, genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs), and the corresponding computational analysis frameworks such as flux balance analysis (FBA) have been proven useful toward this end. Network reconstructions can be used to interpret genomic variation not just from a single strain but for an entire species. By applying these approaches at the pangenome scale, it becomes possible to systematically evaluate phenotypic properties for an entire species thus enabling the study of a panphenome directly from a pangenome. Applying insights gained from analysis of the panphenome has diverse implications with applications ranging from human health to metabolic engineering. The future of pangenomics will include panphenomic analyses, thus supplementing traditional pangenomic analyses and helping to address the Big-data-to-knowledge grand challenge of analyzing thousands of genomic sequences.
Impact of Climate Conditions on Deteriorating Reinforced Concrete Bridges in the US Midwest Region

AbstractThe deterioration of reinforced concrete bridges due to environmental stressors is proven to adversely affect their strength and durability over time. This primarily originates from the pen...
Phase I trial of dose-escalated stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) boost for unfavorable locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer

Patients with locally advanced oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma have suboptimal outcomes with standard chemoradiation. Here, we evaluated toxicity and oncologic outcomes of dose escalation using radiosurgical boost for patients with unfavorable oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma. Between 2010–2017, Thirty four patients with intermediate- or high-risk oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled onto this prospective phase I trial. Each patient received concurrent cisplatin and fractionated radiotherapy totaling 60 Gy or 66 Gy followed by radiosurgery boost to areas of residual gross tumor: single fraction of 8 Gy or 10 Gy, or two fractions of 5 Gy each. Primary endpoint was treatment toxicity. Secondary endpoints were local, regional, and distant disease control. Eleven, sixteen and seven patients received radiosurgery boost with 8 Gy in 1 fraction, 10 Gy in 1 fraction, and 10 Gy in 2 fractions respectively. Acute toxicities include 4 patients with tumor necrosis causing grade 3 dysphagia, of which 3 developed grade 4 pharyngeal hemorrhage requiring surgical intervention. At 24 months after treatment, 7%, 9%, and 15% had grade 2 dysgeusia, xerostomia, and dysphagia, respectively, and two patients remained feeding tube dependent. No grade 5 toxicities occurred secondary to treatment. Local, regional, and distant control at a median follow up of 4.2 years were 85.3%, 85.3% and 88.2%, respectively. Five patients died resulting in overall survival of 85.3%. This study is the first to report the use of radiosurgery boost dose escalation in patients with unfavorable oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma. Longer follow-up, larger cohorts, and further refinement of boost methodology are needed prior to implementation in routine clinical practice. Trial Registration: Northwell Health Protocol #09-309A (NCT02703493) ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02703493 )
An Approach to Gender Pay Equity Analysis Using Bayesian Hierarchical Regression

Diversity and inclusion, or D and I, is a topic that sparks the interest of companies, research groups, and individuals alike. Recently in the United States, renewed focus has been placed on fair and equitable pay practices, which are a key component of promoting diversity in the workplace. Despite the increased demand for reliable pay equity analysis, the challenges of conducting this type of analysis on industry data have not been adequately addressed. This paper explains a few limitations of current approaches to pay equity analysis by gender and improves on them with a Bayesian hierarchical regression model. Using global workforce data from a large U.S. semiconductor company, Micron Technology, Inc., the paper demonstrates how the model provides a holistic view of gender pay equity across the organization, while overcoming issues more common in industry data, such as small sample size and poor gender representation. When compared to a prior analysis of Micron's U.S. workforce, this approach decreased the amount of manual review required, enabling decision makers to finalize pay adjustments across a workforce of 31,738 people within four weeks of receiving preliminary model results.
The Reasonable Person Standard: Psychological and Legal Perspectives

In criminal cases of self-defense and provocation, and civil cases of negligence, culpability is often decided with reference to how a reasonably prudent person (RPP) would have behaved in similar ...
Organ-Preserving Treatment Strategy for Extra-Axial Chordoma Metastatic to the Larynx Causing Airway Compromise:

Chordomas are rare, malignant bone tumors that arise from embryological remnants of the notochord, typically affecting the skull base, mobile spine, and sacrum with uncommon metastasis to the laryn...
Glucocorticoids for therapeutic immunosuppression: Clinical pearls for the practicing neurologist

Given widespread use of glucocorticoid therapy in neurologic disease, understanding glucocorticoid pharmacology and risk is paramount for the practicing neurologist. While dosing and tapering regimens vary depending on the neurological disease and indication being treated, there are important general principles of glucocorticoid prescribing and monitoring that can guide clinical decision-making. Glucocorticoid-related toxicities can occur across multiple organ systems, including hypertension; dyslipidemia; weight gain; hyperglycemia; osteoporosis and avascular necrosis; myopathy; gastrointestinal bleeding; infection; and neuropsychiatric effects with sleep, mood disturbance and cognition. This narrative review provides a practical framework for safe and responsible prescribing of this therapeutic class of medications, including appreciation of immunosuppressive consequences, risk mitigation strategies, dosing and tapering, and recognition of adrenal insufficiency and glucocorticoid withdrawal.
Statistical implications of endogeneity induced by residential segregation in small-area modelling of health inequities

Health inequities are assessed by health departments to identify social groups disproportionately burdened by disease and by academic researchers to understand how social, economic, and environment...
Zinc and Metalloenzymes

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses the zinc and metalloenzymes. Two groups of proteins that associate with metals can be differentiated. Members of each group may or may not possess known enzymatic activities.In one group, the metalloproteins, a given metal is combined with the protein in a unique manner, such that the two can be thought of as an “entity” in nature. A second group, in which a protein combines reversibly with one of several different cations, the metal-protein complexes, has been much more resistant to definitive appraisal. Metal-enzyme complexes, a subgroup of metal-protein complexes, exhibit enzymatic activity consequent to readily dissociable combination with a variety of metal ions. The study of metal complexes and particularly metal chelates has provided both new experimental and new theoretical backgrounds for the study of metals in relation to the specificity of enzyme action, metal-enzyme, metal-substrate, and metalloenzyme interaction, as well as nietal-enzyme inhibition. The chapter elaborates on the metalloenzymes several distinct characteristics, which may be well to inspect and analyze. The characteristics of the metal-protein bond serve as the primary parameter for the differentiation of metalloenzymes from metal-enzyme complexes. For the metalloenzymes, an empirical formula based on the molecular weight of the protein, the ratio of moles of metal/moles of protein, and that of moles of nietal/moles of coenzyme when present, expresses the stoichiometric relationships of the components of the active holoenzyme to one another. Four zinc metalloproteins have been characterized in the chapter: the carbonic anhydrase of ox erythrocytes, the zinc-containing protein of human leukocytes, the carboxypeptidase of bovine pancreas, and the alcohol dehydrogenase of yeast.
Inter simple sequence repeat analysis of genetic relationships in the genus Vigna

The utility of inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) DNA polymorphisms to distinguish taxa within the genus Vignawas investigated. Nineteen primers, most containing either aGA or CA repeat, generated amplification products that differed among the taxa examined. The ISSR polymorphisms produced by 15 of these primers were very effective for distinguishing taxa at the species level or below. The Vigna unguiculataaccessions analyzed formed a cohesive group and appeared to be most closely related to V. triphylla and V. reticulata.In contrast, ISSR analysis was not able to clearly differentiate subgeneric divisions within Vigna. We attribute this loss of resolution at the subgeneric level to the high rate of evolution of the sequences we examined. Several probable instances of misclassification or hybrid origin of an accession were identified.
How to Curb Professional Sports' Bargaining Power vis-a-vis the American City

This article argues that Congress needs to pass a bill that bans professional sports subsidies. Part I discusses the historical evolution of sports subsidies. Part II explains the inefficiencies in the legal and economic environment that have led cities to subsidize professional sports teams. Part III discusses four types of proposals intended to reduce subsidization, and Part IV concludes the best way to regulate professional sports is to pass a bill that outlaws sports subsidies altogether.
Iron metabolism in premature infants: II. Prevention of iron deficiency†

The results of this study indicate clearly that iron fortification of an infant formula, offered to premature infants from the newborn period, affords effective prophylaxis against iron deficiency. Acquisition of hemoglobin iron keeps pace with the rapid growth of these infants. Hematologic observations from the tenth week of life are indistinguishable from those of healthy term infants receiving optimal nutritional care. On the other hand, the majority of premature infants who derive iron solely from iron-fortified and iron-containing solid foods, even when these foods are fed from an early age, develop true iron deficiency anemia. This nutritional anemia can be corrected effectively by the addition to the diet of a formula containing 12 mg. of elemental iron per quart.
Specifying a Database System to Itself

Query processors have long been monolithic pieces of software that resist extension. Query capabilities are needed in many applications of persistent object bases, but object models and storage managers are evolving so rapidly that matching a monolithic query processor to each of them is infeasible. The EREQ project seeks to structure object query processors into well-defined software components that can be independently modified, extended and exchanged. This paper sets forth our initial ideas on what the major components will be and how we will specify the interfaces to each.
The Displacement Method

The previous chapter dealt with the force method, one of two procedures for analyzing statically indeterminate structures. In this chapter, we describe the second procedure, referred to as the displacement method. This method works with equilibrium equations expressed in terms of variables that correspond to displacement measures that define the position of a structure, such as translations and rotations of certain points on the structure. We start by briefly introducing the method specialized for frame-type structures and then apply it to truss, beam, and frame structures. Our focus in this chapter is on deriving analytical solutions and using these solutions to explain structural behavior trends. We also include a discussion of the effect of geometrically nonlinear behavior on the stiffness. Later in Chap. 12, we describe how the method can be transformed to a computer-based analysis procedure.
Primal-dual schema and lagrangian relaxation for the k-location-routing problem

The location-routing problem arises in the context of providing integrated support for logistics in a number of transportation settings, where given a set of requests and potential depot locations, one must simultaneously decide where to locate depots as well as how to route tours so that all requests are connected to an open depot. This problem can be formulated either with specific costs incurred for choosing to open each depot, or with an upper bound k on the number of open depots, which we call the k-location-routing problem. We develop a primal-dual schema and use Lagrangian relaxation to provide a 2-approximation algorithm for the k-location-routing problem; no constant performance guarantee was known previously for this problem. This strengthens previous work of Goemans & Williamson who gave a 2-approximation algorithm for the variant in which there are opening costs, but no limit on the number of depots. We give a new primal-dual algorithm and a strengthened analysis that proves a so-called Lagrangianpreserving performance guarantee. In contrast to the results of Jain & Vazirani for the uncapacitated facility location and k-median problems, our results have the surprising property that our performance guarantee for the k-location-routing problem matches the guarantee for the version in which there are depot opening costs; furthermore, this relies on a simple structural property of the algorithm that allows us to identify the critical Lagrangian value for the opening cost with a single execution of the primal-dual algorithm, rather than invoking a bisection search.
Use of cartographic images by expert and novice field geologists in planning fieldwork routes

ABSTRACTTopographic maps and aerial photographs are particularly useful when geoscientists are faced with fieldwork tasks such as selecting paths for observation, establishing sampling schemes, or defining field regions. These types of images are crucial in bedrock geologic mapping, a cognitively complex field-based problem-solving task. Geologic mapping requires the geologist to correctly identify rock types and three-dimensional bedrock structures from often partial or poor-quality outcrop data while navigating through unfamiliar terrain. This paper compares the walked routes of novice to expert geologists working in the field (n = 66) with the results of a route planning and navigation survey of a similar population of geologists (n = 77). Results show clearly that those geologists with previous mapping experience make quick and decisive determinations about field areas from available imagery and maps, regardless of whether they are or not physically present in the field area. Recognition of geologic f...