cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy Of Business Ethics Courses When Coupled With A Personal Belief System

Business educators are being challenged on an increasing basis to reassess the ethical awareness of their students and the effectiveness of their ethics education. In this paper we test a traditional approach to ethics exposure in business law classes, which is the primary venue for teaching ethics in many business curriculums. We find that ethics exposure in the traditional business law course using popular textbooks does not influence the ethical sensitivity of students. We also document that ethical sensitivity of students breaks down at several levels. Business students have different personal standards as compared to acceptable corporate standards of ethics.
The middle ear muscle reflex in the diagnosis of cochlear neuropathy.

Cochlear neuropathy, i.e. the loss of auditory nerve fibers (ANFs) without loss of hair cells, may cause hearing deficits without affecting threshold sensitivity, particularly if the subset of ANFs with high thresholds and low spontaneous rates (SRs) is preferentially lost, as appears to be the case in both aging and noise-damaged cochleas. Because low-SR fibers may also be important drivers of the medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR) and middle-ear muscle reflex (MEMR), these reflexes might be sensitive metrics of cochlear neuropathy. To test this hypothesis, we measured reflex strength and reflex threshold in mice with noise-induced neuropathy, as documented by confocal analysis of immunostained cochlear whole-mounts. To assay the MOCR, we measured contra-noise modulation of ipsilateral distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) before and after the administration of curare to block the MEMR or curare + strychnine to also block the MOCR. The modulation of DPOAEs was 1) dominated by the MEMR in anesthetized mice, with a smaller contribution from the MOCR, and 2) significantly attenuated in neuropathic mice, but only when the MEMR was intact. We then measured MEMR growth functions by monitoring contra-noise induced changes in the wideband reflectance of chirps presented to the ipsilateral ear. We found 1) that the changes in wideband reflectance were mediated by the MEMR alone, and 2) that MEMR threshold was elevated and its maximum amplitude was attenuated in neuropathic mice. These data suggest that the MEMR may be valuable in the early detection of cochlear neuropathy.
Language and Lying in Roxana: the Last of Defoe's Fiction

Defoe, as religious dissenter and writer of fictions, sought to ally moral pronouncement with mimetic representation of material conditions.His character-narrators typically detail the wicked behavior they are driven to for survival as a prelude to repentance. In his final novel, Roxana, however, Defoe confronts his narrator's exploitation of the gap between the referential language of experience and the "internally persuasive" (Bakhtin) conventional discourse of repentance. Once Roxana dethrones "the sovereignty of an original Text" (Foucault), she manipulates the language of repentance to authorize her self-serving sexual license. Defoe cannot resolve the narrative by her repentance. The implications of the split between speech and act may lead Defoe to recognize the similar disjunction between the allure of his character's adventures and his goal of moral instruction. Unable to ally the truth of human experience with the truth of dissenting repentance while ensuring that "the Fable is always made for the Moral" (Defoe), he abandons fiction.
Competition, Coping, and Closeness in Young Heterosexual Adults’ Same-Gender Friendships

We investigated young adults’ experiences with competition in same-gender friendships. Participants were 494 heterosexual undergraduates (M = 19 years; 76% female) from a variety of self-identified ethnic backgrounds who were attending a California, U.S. public university. They completed an online survey about their relationship with their closest same-gender friend. Measures included evaluations of friendship quality as well as perceptions of friendship competition in four domains: peer relations (shared friendships), romance, academics, and sports. Also, individuals rated their level of distress and likely use of proactive (confronting, seeking social support) and passive (distancing) coping in relation to each domain of friendship competition. On average, men reported more friendship competition in all domains than did women. Women were more likely than men to report distress regarding competition in the peer and academic domains; also women were more likely than men to endorse proactive coping across all domains. Thus, average gender differences were found in responses to competition and coping in friendships. At the same time, SEM analyses revealed proactive coping mediated the associations between distress over competition and friendship closeness in parallel ways for women and men in each domain.
Abstract 14678: Transcription Factor-Driven Conversion of Quiescent Cardiomyocytes to Pacemaker Cells

The heartbeat originates within the sinoatrial node (SAN), a small highly-specialized structure containing <10,000 genuine pacemaker cells. The ∼5 billion working cardiomyocytes downstream of the S...
Easy distributed grid architecture for research: easy access to supercomputing

Current distributed systems present many challenges for students who may not be very skilled at programming parallel applications for use on such systems. Grid computing is a cost effective means of providing supercomputing computation for both scientists and students of computing. Easy Distributed Grid Architecture for Research (EDGAR) is a grid computing solution that meets two critical constraints, namely ease of application programming for users and platform independence in implementation. Satisfying these two constraints makes EDGAR one of the only time and cost effective grid computing solutions. EDGAR creates an easy of use high performance solution for scientists and students in solving computationally intense problems. EDGAR provides easy access to supercomputing. The work presented in this paper represents a working implementation of a conceptual grid architecture presented in concept in 2009 [11].
Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and transvaginal intratubal insemination as an alternative to gamete intrafallopian transfer.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) followed by intratubal insemination in the treatment of infertility. Design Retrospective analysis of 179 intratubal insemination trials in 78 women over a 48-month period. Setting Reproductive endocrinology practice. Patients Seventy-eight women, 26 to 44years old (34±4.3years; mean±SD), classified into subgroups according to diagnosis and age ( Interventions Patients underwent COH and intratubal insemination. Main Outcome Measures The rates of pregnancy, delivery, spontaneous abortion, ectopic and multiple gestation, and complications were studied and analyzed statistically. Results Overall, there were 36 pregnancies (20.1% of 179 trials), 29 deliveries (16.2%), 5 of 36 first trimester abortions (13.9%), 2 of 36 ectopic pregnancies (5.6%), and 4 twin gestations. There were no serious complications. In 43 women without male factor the first trial resulted in 15 pregnancies (34.9%); in 27 women with male factor the first trial resulted in 4 pregnancies (14.8%). Male factor reduced significantly the probability of conception. In 19 women 2 levels and number of mature follicles had a significant effect on pregnancy rates. Conclusions Intratubal insemination yielded pregnancy rates comparable to those published for GIFT at reduced cost and with fewer complications.
TRIADS: A phase-resolving model for nonlinear shoaling of directional wave spectra

Abstract We investigate the performance of TRIADS, a numerical implementation of a phase-resolving, nonlinear, spectral model describing directional wave evolution in intermediate and shallow water. TRIADS simulations of shoaling waves generated by Hurricane Bill, 2009 are compared to directional spectral estimates based on observations collected at the Field Research Facility of the US Army Corps Of Engineers, at Duck, NC. Both the ability of the model to capture the processes essential to the nonlinear wave evolution, and the efficiency of the numerical implementations are analyzed and discussed.
Normlessness, Anomie, and the Emotions

In Suicide, Durkheim described two qualitatively different experiences of normative anomie, each with a distinct affective basis: an intentional, if not ruthless, disdain for society's normative order; and an unintentional disregard for, or confusion about, norms or rules of conduct. We generalize Durkheim's classification of the socioaffective aspects of anomic suicide, and present two theoretical models of normlessness-anomie and the emotions. These models posit that intentional anomie involves the primary emotions anger, disgust, and joy-happiness; these emotions can combine to form the secondary emotions contempt, pride, and derisiveness. Unintentional, passive anomie rather involves the emotions surprise, fear, and sadness; these can combine to form the secondary emotions disappointment, shame, and alarm. We additionally hypothesize that each kind of anomie has distinct potential behavioral consequences: intentional anomie can result in immorality, shamelessness, acquisitiveness, and premeditated homicidality; unintentional anomie, in depression, confusion, uncertainty, unpremeditated homicidality, and suicidality.
A One-Dimensional Subgrid Near Wall Treatment forTurbulent Flow CFD Simulation

Prediction of the near wall region is crucial to the accuracy of turbulent flow computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. However, sufficient near-wall resolution is often prohibitive for high Reynolds number flows with complex geometries, due to high memory and processing requirements. A common approach in these cases is to use wall functions to bridge the region from the first grid node to the wall. This paper presents an alternative method that relaxes the near wall resolution requirement by solving one dimensional transport equations for velocity and turbulent kinetic energy across a locally defined subgrid contained within wall adjacent grid cells. The addition of the subgrid allows for wall adjacent primary grid sizes to vary arbitrarily from low-Re model sizing (y+ ≈1) to wall function sizing without significant loss of accuracy or increase in computational cost. The method is applied to zero pressure gradient flow over a flat plate and yields solutions comparable to low-Re modeling with high near-wall resolution. Unlike low-Re or wall function modeling, the new method is shown to be insensitive to size variations of the first primary grid cell.© 2005 ASME
Comparison of Analytical Nutrient Values to Food Label Values in Select Breakfast Cereals

USDA determines nutrient values for selected foods in the U.S. diet to update the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. Label data are sometimes used for breakfast cereals when analytical data are unavailable. According to labeling regulation 21CFR 101.9(g), Table 1. FDA Label Regulations [2] Class I. Added nutrients in fortified or fabricated foods Rule: Analytical > label 21CFR 172.5 General provisions for direct food additives – “The quantity of the substance added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended physical, nutritive, or other Table 4. Class IIb intrinsic "nutrients to limit": analytical results as percent of label values Bran Flakes With Raisins Crisp Toasted Rice Frosted Corn Flakes Multigrain Flakes With Oat Clusters Oat Rings Toasted Oat Shapes With Marshmallows FDA Rule analytical values for fortification nutrients must be at least equal to label values, while naturally occurring nutrient values must be at least 80% of label values for “beneficial” nutrients (e.g., protein, dietary fiber, potassium, magnesium) or no more than 120% of label values for “nutrients to limit” (e.g., total fat, sugar, sodium). Manufacturers typically add overages to fortified foods to ensure that their products meet the FDA regulations. Six types of ready-to-eat breakfast cereals, selected based on consumption data and other factors, were analyzed as part of Figure 1. Percent difference between analytical and label values for iron technical effect in food.” Thus, the amount of allowed overage is not specified. Class II. Naturally occurring nutrients a) Beneficial nutrients (vitamins, minerals, protein, total carbohydrate, dietary fiber, polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fat) Rule: Analytical > 80% of label b) Nutrients to limit (calories, sugar, total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, or sodium) Rule: Analytical 120% of label values for three of the l b t di d lt ll b l 120% i d RESULTS & DISCUSSION Fortification nutrients: The RTE cereals studied were all fortified with vitamins A, D, B6, B12, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and iron. Cereal manufacturers typically add amounts greater than the labeled amount in order to account for losses during processing and storage. These overages are demonstrated in this study’s results, shown in Table 2. Th j it f f tifi t l l t th th l b l l (105 228%) of L ab el
‘The Heart of My Mystery”: The Hidden Language of Dissent in Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Grigori Kozintsev’s Film Gamlet

Laurence Olivier’s film version of Hamlet (1948) begins with a line Shakespeare never wrote: “This is the tragedy of a man who could not make up his mind.” The sentence was added by the director (and principal actor) Olivier himself and represents a long-standing British theatrical tradition of supplementing Shakespeare’s language with words deemed necessary to clarify the original plot. Sometimes this required cutting the play-text itself. For example, Olivier’s 1944 version of Henry V removes several scenes and speeches which explore aspects of the king’s ruthlessness, thereby turning Shakespeare’s complex protagonist into an idealized military hero fit for a wartime audience. A more infamous example of this kind of editing is Nahum Tate’s drastic rewriting of King Lear (1681) to create a happy ending more palatable to the tastes of a post-Restoration audience.
Current Situation of Kawasaki Disease Treatment

Kawasaki disease is a major reason for heart disease in children.Yet,its etiology is unknown.Therefore,treating Kawasaki disease is difficult.This article summarizes the current situation of treatments for Kawasaki disease.
The Freedom to Choose to Marry

* Distinguished University Professor and Heck-Faust Memorial Chair in Constitutional Law, Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University. I would like to thank Moritz librarian Stephanie Ziegler for her assistance in finding many of the resources cited in this Article. I would also like to thank Erin Archerd, Carla Corroto, David Levine, Melissa Murray, and Suja Thomas for comments on an earlier draft.
Design, Development, and Testing of a Scaled Vertical Axis Pendulum Wave Energy Converter

Vertical axis pendulum wave energy converters are a relatively unknown type of point absorber whose ostensive robustness and simplistic design merit further exposure and investigation. To this end, an exploratory empirical study of such a converter—one that is a small-scale generic prototype—is presented in this work. The prototype was deployed at Oregon State University's O.H. Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory and subjected to varying wave environments and operational conditions. The exploratory study was governed by evaluating how the prototype's net mean power output responded to the varied wave environments and operational conditions. These varied environments and conditions included the following: 1) the number of mooring lines; 2) the amount of wave scatter; 3) the wave direction; 4) the pendulums’ inertial characteristics; and 5) the amount of torsional loading applied to a pendulum's swing (simulating electric power generation). Results from the study give a general analysis of how a representative, but generic, vertical axis pendulum wave energy converter performs in irregular waves with different deployment configurations. Likewise, the results promote pathways for further vertical axis pendulum wave energy converter research and development.
Examining media markets’ influence on the diffusion of antismoking legislation in US counties

ABSTRACTThis article assesses the role of mass media markets in the diffusion of antismoking legislation in the state of Missouri in the US. Testing multiple diffusion theories, this study finds that media markets can facilitate the diffusion of policies among local jurisdictions by exacerbating intercounty competition. More attention should be given to media markets when assessing policy diffusion mechanisms at the local level. Media markets can be an important source for policy information conveyance among counties over a large geographic area. Furthermore, traditional diffusion studies that rely on geographical contiguity measures may not be completely capturing the existence of diffusion by excluding media markets.
Nurturing the Intersections of Arts and Non-arts Disciplines: Lessons from Art Education

For graduate students studying art education, one of the primary tasks is to wade deeply into the conversations and debates in the field. While these debates are in constant flux, a recurring theme in recent years has been the popularity of connecting the arts to other disciplines. This chapter explores the ways in which the training of arts educators who advocate for generative connections across disciplines may offer insight into the arts as sites of discourse and convergence in higher education. Through an examination of popular models of interdisciplinary education, an articulation of core artistic processes, and examples of cross-domain connections in US universities, the author offers suggestions for a positive discourse between the arts and non-arts subjects in higher education.
Endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis: a key checkpoint in cancer.

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an intracellular signaling network largely controlled by three endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane proteins, inositol-requiring enzyme 1α, PRK-like ER ki...
Endothelial Progenitor Cells Are the Bone Marrow Cell Population in Mice with Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension Which Induce Pulmonary Hypertension in Healthy Mice

Abstract Rationale: We have demonstrated that whole, undifferentiated bone marrow (WBM) cells isolated from mice with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) cause pulmonary hypertensive changes when transplanted into lethally-irradiated mice (Aliotta et al., 2014 ATS abstract). In addition, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), sub-cellular particles shed by activated cells, can reverse features of MCT-induced PH (Aliotta et al., 2015 ATS abstract). Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of human PH as more have been noted to be present in the circulation and remodeled pulmonary vasculature of these patients compared with healthy humans. We wished to determine if bone marrow-derived EPCs isolated from mice with MCT PH were the cells responsible for inducing PH in healthy mice and if so, whether exposure of these EPCs to MSC EVs prevented the development of PH. Methods: Sca-1+/ckit+/flk1+ cells (EPCs) and sca-1-/ckit-/flk1- cells (non-EPCs) were isolated from the bone marrow of MCT-injured and vehicle-injected mice. Cohorts of lethally-irradiated mice were transplanted with EPCs (2,000 EPCs + 300,000 helper WBM cells/recipient) or non-EPCs (200,000 non-EPCs + 200,000 helper WBM cells/recipient) from the bone marrow of MCT-injured and vehicle-injected mice. 28 days after transplantation, recipient mouse right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy was assessed by RV-to-left ventricle+septum (RV/LV+S) ratio (mg/g) and pulmonary vascular remodeling by blood vessel wall thickness-to-diameter (WT/D) ratio. In addition, WBM from MCT-injured and vehicle-injected mice was cultured with or without MSC EVs for 48 hours. EPCs (80-100 EPCs + 300,000 helper WBM cells/recipient) and non-EPCs (500,000-700,000 non- EPCs + 300,000 helper WBM cells/recipient) were separated by flow cytometry and infused into lethally-irradiated mice which were analyzed 28 days post-transplant. Results: RV/LV+S ratios of mice transplanted with EPCs from MCT-injured mice (0.256+/-0.142 mg/g) were similar to those of MCT-injured mice (0.274+/-0.211 mg/g, p=NS, n=5/cohort) but elevated compared to mice transplanted with EPCs and non-EPCs from vehicle-injected mice (0.126+/-0.111 and 0.121+/-0.134 mg/g, p Conclusions: These findings suggest that EPCs are among the pathogenic bone marrow cells in MCT-injured mice that are responsible for inducing RV hypertrophy and pulmonary vascular remodeling, key features of PH, upon transplantation into healthy mice. MSC EVs appear to be capable of reversing this disease via interactions with EPCs. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Characterization of nonlinear elasticity for biological tissue using quantitative optical coherence elastography

We developed a quantitative optical coherence elastography (qOCE) system for nonlinear mechanical characterization of biological tissues. The fiber-optic probe of the qOCE system had an integrated Fabry-Perot force sensor. To perform mechanical characterization, the tissue was compressed uniaxially by the fiber-optic probe of the qOCE system. Using the optical coherence tomography (OCT) signal detected by a spectral domain OCT engine, we were able to simultaneously quantify the force exerted to the tissue and the displacement of tissue. The quantification of the force was critical for accurate assessment of the elastic behavior of tissue, because most biological tissues have nonlinear elastic behavior. We performed qOCE characterization on tissue mimicking phantoms and biological tissues. Our results demonstrated the capability of the qOCE system for linear and nonlinear assessment of tissue elasticity.
Chinese high school students’ perceptions of freedom of expression: implications for researching emerging civil liberties in global educational contexts

This study explored attitudes and perceptions of Chinese high school students regarding freedom of expression in their country. A survey capturing perceptions over various forms of free speech (e.g., student publication, dress code) was administered to a sample of 838, which included students from both urban and rural areas within Shaanxi Province in northwest China. A factor analysis and CFA model were administered to confirm survey validity and reliability. A factorial MANOVA was then used to explore differences across gender, grade, and region groups. The findings revealed students largely supported free speech rights but their responses varied to some degree by setting and student age. In general, urban students reported more positive attitudes about their school environment regarding expression and older participants were more likely to be supportive of free speech. All in all, findings suggest that free speech rights are important matters for adolescents in both modern and traditional settings in China. Implications for comparative research regarding civil liberties in diverse contexts are discussed.
Degradation mechanisms of balsa wood and PVC foam sandwich core composites due to freeze/thaw exposure in saline solution

Structural engineers commonly use balsa wood and PVC foam as core materials for sandwich composite structures. These structures are frequently exposed to thermal cycling in sea water. The long-term...
Intense and Directional Emission from Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystal

We observe intense and directional photoluminescence from the ZnO inverse opal. It originates from the stationary inflection point of high-order band structure, which enhances the density of states and coupling efficiency.
Whittaker Chambers: A Biography, by Sam Tanenhaus. (New York: Random House, 1997. Pp. 638. $35.00)

Free-lance writer Sam Tanenhaus has made an extraordinary contribution to twentieth-century American history in his stunning new biography of Whittaker Chambers. Tanenhaus combines scholastic rigidity with his eminently readable style to create a work of the highest standard of historical biography. Whittaker Chambers emerges as a complex, enigmatic figure, misunderstood by most in his own time and by his liberal critics yet today. The author is successful in understanding and intimating the complex forces that drew Chambers to, and ultimately from, communism, and eventually toward his confrontation with Alger Hiss.
Description and Phylogenetic Relationships of Two New Species of Miniature Arthroleptis (Anura: Arthroleptidae) from the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania

Abstract I describe two new species of squeaker frog (Arthroleptidae: Arthroleptis) from the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania. These new species are distinguished from other miniature Arthroleptis in the Eastern Arc Mountains by the combination of very small adult body size (< 15 mm snout–vent length), a pronounced dark inguinal spot, and color patterns unique to each species. The new species could be the smallest frog species known from East Africa and among the smallest species of Arthroleptis. An estimate of phylogeny on the basis of mitochondrial DNA sequences reveals that these morphologically cryptic species are sister taxa that compose a basal lineage within a clade of miniature Arthroleptis. Their description hints at a diverse cryptic amphibian fauna in the Eastern Arc Mountains that awaits additional discovery through molecular methods.
Haiti’s Commercial Treaties: Between Abolition and the Persistence of the Old Regime

During the final decades of French colonization on Saint-Domingue and in the first years of Haitian independence, treaties of commerce—whether official or unofficial—were negotiated as a means of mediating between local planter elites, who supervised the production of surplus by servile labor on plantations, and the dominant imperial powers such as Britain, France, and the United States, who enforced terms of trade and, therefore, the division of this surplus on world markets. From this perspective, Haitian independence in 1804 is not quite the historical turning point that it seems: the Haitian commercial treaties accordingly took as their fundamental basis the preservation of the plantation complex in Western Hispaniola that was the jewel in the crown of France’s ancien regime colonial empire.
Review of Prader-Willi syndrome: the endocrine approach

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex genetic disorder with implications on the endocrine and neurologic systems, metabolism, and behavior. Early in life, PWS is characterized by hypotonia and failure to thrive, followed by obesity and hyperphagia. Patients with PWS develop hypothalamic dysfunction which may lead growth hormone deficiency (GHD), hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, and poor bone mineral density (BMD). In addition to hypothalamic dysfunction, individuals with PWS have increased risk for obesity which may be complicated by metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this paper, we will review the current literature pertaining to the endocrine concerns of PWS and current recommendations for screening and management of these conditions.
Precedence-Based, Preemptive, and Power-Constrained Test Scheduling

Test scheduling is a major problem in system-on-a-chip (SOC) test automation. In this chapter1, we extend previous work on scheduling presented in Chapter 5 to develop an integrated framework that addresses several important test scheduling problems. We first present efficient techniques to determine optimal SOC test schedules with precedence constraints, i.e., schedules that preserve desirable orderings among tests. We then present a new algorithm that uses preemption to obtain optimal test schedules in polynomial time. Finally, we present a new method for determining optimal power-constrained schedules. Experimental results for a representative SOC show that test schedules can be obtained in reasonable CPU time for all cases.
Are Atoms and Small Molecules Almost the Same

A basis is laid for interpreting the electronic structure of atoms, the atomic structure of molecules and clusters, and perhaps eventually the nucleonic structure of nuclei on something of a common basis. The case is presented for the existence of molecule-like quantization and collective motion in some states of doubly-excited helium and helium like ions. The relation between collective and independent-particle motion is illustrated with a model based on two interacting particles on a sphere or on concentric spheres. The possibility of finding independent-particle-like behavior in simple molecules is presented and computations based on a suggestive model give persuasive indications that states characterized by such quantization might be observable in the high overtone spectra of simple triatomic molecules.
Protein–Polymer Conjugates

Bioconjugates are increasingly important in the fields of biotechnology, nanotechnology, and medicine. These hybrid materials consist of a synthetic macromolecule linked to a biomolecule such as a peptide or protein. Both the method used to produce the synthetic molecule and the technique of attachment to the biomolecule are important to the overall properties of the biohybrid. This chapter focuses on this emerging field of biotechnology and on the use of two controlled radical polymerization techniques, atom transfer radical polymerization and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, to create protein–polymer conjugates. The techniques of grafting to and grafting from are summarized, along with application of the resulting conjugates as therapeutics and nanocapsules.
The Projection of Argument-Taking Nomials

Drawing on data from Modern Hebrew, I argue that derivedargument-taking nominals do not form an aspectuallyhomogeneous class and that the nominal system manifests a perfective/imperfective opposition. Each aspectual type is characterized by a cluster of differentsyntactic properties. Concretely, it is shown that imperfective nominals,in contrast to perfective nominals, are non-definite, fail to host subjects,and disallow DP internal agreement. The defective nature of imperfectivenominals is hypothesized to derive from the absence of the functionalhead D in their projection. The difference in the aspectual interpretation ofthe two types of argument-taking nominals is also attributed to the presenceor absence of D. The proposed account of aspect in the nominal systemprovides a principled explanation for the mass properties ofargument-taking nominals, linking the latter to the aspectualnon-delimitedness of these nominals.
Other primary prevention trials-what is clinically and economically necessary?

There are a number of important primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) trials underway which will help define the role of the ICD in high risk patients. High risk is defined by low ejection fraction, although a number of electrical markers (e.g., the signal averaged ECG and invasive electrophysiologic test) are also under evaluation. The trials currently underway (including SCD-HEFT, MADIT II, and the CABG-PATCH substudy) are analyzing patients with either coronary or idiopathic cardiomyopathy who have an EF of 35% or under. Patients are randomized to either ICD therapy or no antiarrhythmic drug therapy. Maximal congestive heart failure therapy with ACE inhibitors and beta blockers is used in both arms of each trial. At the conclusion of these trials we should have a better understanding of which group of presumably high risk patients, if any, will benefit from the ICD. Another group of high risk patients that is being encountered more frequently: those who have a high risk diagnosis. These patients are present in such small numbers that a large randomized trial is impossible. As many of these patients are receiving ICDs, a national registry of firing rates will be helpful.
Learning quasi-identifiers for privacy-preserving exchanges: a rough set theory approach

The challenging and pervasive issue associated with information exchange is inferential disclosure. It occurs in the following three situations: (1) the exchanged data correlate with publicly available information, (2) the exchanged data comprise patterns similar to those in a sharing partner’s datum, and (3) the shared data’s attributes are interdependent. In this work, we provide and implement new algorithms that impede the third type of inferential attack. They rely on rough set theory to undermine the deductive route from nonsensitive to sensitive features. Our approach comprises three steps which include learning quasi-identifiers, computing a granulation of the underlying information system that maximizes the distribution of sensitive attributes in each granule, and masking the deductive route from nonsensitive to sensitive features. Our routine for learning quasi-identifiers achieves both the largest distinction and separation without an exhaustive search among tuples of features. The learned quasi-identifiers are employed to find a granulation of the information system that strikes a balance between the anonymity of quasi-identifiers and the diversity of sensitive attributes, without solving a difficult optimization problem. We employ this granulation in a strategy similar to that used in k-anonymity to de-identify private information systems.
Flexibility of Timescales of Evidence Evaluation for Decision Making.

Summary To understand the neural mechanisms that support decision making, it is critical to characterize the timescale of evidence evaluation. Recent work has shown that subjects can adaptively adjust the timescale of evidence evaluation across blocks of trials depending on context [ 1 ]. However, it’s currently unknown if adjustments to evidence evaluation occur online during deliberations based on a single stream of evidence. To examine this question, we employed a change-detection task in which subjects report their level of confidence in judging whether there has been a change in a stochastic auditory stimulus. Using a combination of psychophysical reverse correlation analyses and single-trial behavioral modeling, we compared the time period over which sensory information has leverage on detection report choices versus confidence. We demonstrate that the length of this period differs on separate sets of trials based on what’s being reported. Surprisingly, confidence judgments on trials with no detection report are influenced by evidence occurring earlier than the time period of influence for detection reports. Our findings call into question models of decision formation involving static parameters that yield a singular timescale of evidence evaluation and instead suggest that the brain represents and utilizes multiple timescales of evidence evaluation during deliberation.
Dynamic trucking equilibrium through a freight exchange

Abstract This paper proposes a new hyperpath-based dynamic trucking equilibrium (DTE) assignment model. Unlike existing freight assignment models, we focus on the interactions between individual truck operators that solely compete for loads advertised on an online freight exchange. The competitors are assumed to follow optimal bidding and routing strategies – represented using a hyperpath – to maximize their expected profit. The proposed DTE model (1) predicts system-wide truck flows (including empty truck flows), (2) identifies efficiency improvements gained by network-wide visibility, and (3) lays the foundation for building a system optimal model. We rewrite the DTE conditions as a variational inequality problem (VIP) and discuss the analytical properties of the formulation, including solution existence. A heuristic solution algorithm is developed to solve the VIP, which consists of three modules: a dynamic network loading procedure for mapping hyperpath flows onto the freight network, a column generation scheme for creating hyperpaths as needed, and a method of successive average for equilibrating profits on existing hyperpaths. The model and the solution algorithm are validated by numerical experiments constructed from empirical data collected in China. The results show that the DTE solutions outperform with wide margin the benchmark solutions that either ignore inter-truck interactions or operate trucks according to suboptimal routing and bidding decisions.
Recent Advances in Graph-Based Abstractions for Modeling and Simulating Complex Systems

Abstract Current graph-based approaches for modeling, simulation and optimization of complex cyber-physical systems have motivated the development of new graph-based abstractions. We propose an algebraic graph to represent physical connectivity in complex optimization models and a computing graph to capture computational aspects of cyber/control architectures. The algebraic graph facilitates the analysis and decomposition of optimization problems and the computing graph enables the simulation of optimization and control algorithms in virtual distributed environments. The proposed abstractions are implemented in a Julia software package called Plasmo.jl .
Evolutionary Public Law: Constituting and Administering Human Ultra-Sociality

This chapter reflects on how public law, and more specifically constitutional and administrative law, can be understood as expressions of what evolutionary anthropologists and other specialists call human ‘ultra-sociality’. The analysis extends on a framework theory of institutional foundation and change, as well as the ‘metabolic’ function of constitutions as opposed to administrative bodies, that I have introduced elsewhere and now seek to refine in light of the evolutionary perspective this chapter develops. The ultimate focus is on the emergence of a cultural-evolutionary phenomenon — a pervasive conception of ‘right’ (what we now call public law) — that was bound up with, and in turn fed into, the phase transitions that marked the emergence of increasingly complex societies and polities (‘states’) over the course of human history. The chapter focuses on three interrelated, foundational phase transitions in particular: first, the emergence of a collective capacity to mobilize surplus human and fiscal resources (‘blood’ and ‘treasure’); second, the emergence of a social-psychological sense of legitimate political obligation; and, third, the emergence of scalable forms of political and legal management as between a governing principal — the person/institution to which political obligation and legitimacy is ultimately owed — and agents who are understood to carry out tasks on behalf of the principal. Obviously, this third transition comes closest to the concerns of this volume (indeed, such principal-agent mechanisms are arguably central to what today we understand to be administrative law). Nonetheless, by stressing the importance of the first two developments as a predicate to the third, this chapter stresses that we cannot understand how a polity is administered without first understanding how it is constituted. Indeed, one of the main advantages of the evolutionary perspective is that it helps us better understand how the constitutional and administrative dimensions of state formation are in fact inextricably intertwined, two sides of the same ‘ultra-social’ governance coin.
Study of Decentralized Coordinated Control for Soft Open Point of Active Distribution Networks

The back-to-back voltage source converter (B2B VSC) is taken as the research object, the active distribution network SOP decentralized coordinated control strategy is proposed in this paper. The SOP distributed controller is designed as a dual-loop local controller, which is composed by UDCQ control, PQ control and V/f control as an outer loop controller and a sliding mode inner loop controller based on exponential approach rate; for improving the robustness of the designed controller under different operating conditions, for multi-contact power distribution based on SOP interconnection, The H ∞ robust coordination controller of multi-end SOP is designed based on the linear matrix inequality technique. The simulation results show that the proposed SOP dispersion coordination controller has good dynamic response characteristics under several different operating conditions, and can fully utilize the active and reactive power and voltage frequency adjustment capabilities of each end SOP in various external disturbance scenarios. It also can effectively improve the safe and stable operation level of the distribution network.
Invasive Wild Pigs as Primary Nest Predators for Wild Turkeys.

Depredation of wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) nests is a leading cause of reduced recruitment for the recovering and iconic game species. Invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are known to depredate nests, and have been expanding throughout the distributed range of wild turkeys in North America. We sought to gain better insight on the magnitude of wild pigs depredating wild turkey nests. We constructed simulated wild turkey nests throughout the home ranges of 20 GPS-collared wild pigs to evaluate nest depredation relative to three periods within the nesting season (i.e., early, peak, and late) and two nest densities (moderate = 12.5-25 nests/km2, high = 25-50 nests/km2) in south-central Texas, USA during March–June 2016. Overall, the estimated probability of nest depredation by wild pigs was 0.3, equivalent to native species of nest predators in the study area (e.g., gray fox [Urocyon cinereoargenteus], raccoon [Procyon lotor], and coyote [Canis latrans]). Female wild pigs exhibited a constant rate of depredation regardless of nesting period or density of nests. However, male wild pigs increased their rate of depredation in areas with higher nest densities. Management efforts should remove wild pigs to reduce nest failure in wild turkey populations especially where recruitment is low.
Targeted Krüppel-Like Factor 4 Gene Knock-Out in Retinal Ganglion Cells Improves Visual Function in Multiple Sclerosis Mouse Model.

Axonal demyelination injury and neuronal degeneration are the primary causes of visual disability in multiple sclerosis (MS)-linked optic neuritis patients. Immunomodulatory therapies targeting inflammation have failed to avert the disease progression and no therapies exist to prevent the neuronal deficits seen in MS to date. Neuroprotective strategies targeting oligodendrocytes and astroglia have shown limited success due to a lack of axonal regeneration from injured neurons. In this study, we used the chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS to investigate the axonal regenerative approach to improve the neuronal function. Our approach focused on targeted knock-out (KO) of the developmentally regulated axon growth inhibitory Kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) gene in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of Klf4fl/fl mice by intravitreal delivery of AAV2-Cre-ires-EGFP recombinant virus (1) at the time of EAE sensitization and (2) after the onset of optic neuritis-mediated visual defects in the mice. Klf4 gene KO performed simultaneous with EAE sensitization prevented the visual loss as assessed by pattern electroretinograms (PERGs) in the mice and protected the RGCs from EAE-mediated death. More importantly, however, Klf4 gene KO after the onset of optic neuritis also resulted in RGC neuroprotection with additional restoration of their function, thereby improving the visual function outcomes in the EAE model. This study establishes the efficacy of Klf4 targeted knock-down in EAE even after the onset of disease symptoms, and thus should be further explored as a potential treatment strategy for MS/optic neuritis patients.
TRANSRADIAL CATHETERIZATION AND CABG: IS IT SAFE TO USE A PREVIOUSLY CATHETERIZED RADIAL ARTERY AS A CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT?

Transradial catheterization (TRC) and radial artery (RA) use during coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) have become more frequent. Several studies have suggested decreased patency of the catheterized RA. We sought compare the patency of the catheterized versus the non-catheterized RA in CABG
Optical Field Induced Upconversion in Quantum Dots from Mid- and Long-Wavelength Infrared Radiation

We investigate the interaction of the optical electric field of intense sub-picosecond infrared pulses, between 3.5 and 12 micrometers, with visible quantum dots materials. Significant visible luminescence is observed from upconversion of the infrared light.
Substance Use Diagnoses Among Persons with Community-Onset Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections

Background: In recent years, the historic declines in the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infections (BSIs) in the United States have slowed. We examined trends in the incidence of community-onset (CO) MRSA BSIs among hospitalized persons with and without substance-use diagnoses. Methods: Using data from >200 US hospitals reporting to the Premier Healthcare Database (PHD) during 2012–2017, we conducted a retrospective study among hospitalized persons aged ≥18 years. MRSA BSIs with substance use were defined as hospitalizations having both a blood culture positive for MRSA and at least 1 International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) or ICD-10-CM diagnostic code for substance use including opioids, cocaine, amphetamines, or other substances (excluding cannabis, alcohol, and nicotine). MRSA BSIs were considered community onset when a positive blood culture was collected within 3 days of admission. We assessed annual trends and described characteristics of CO MRSA BSI hospitalizations, stratified by substance use. Results: Of 20,049 MRSA BSIs from 2012 to 2017, 17,634 (88%) were CO. Overall, MRSA BSI incidence decreased 7%, from 178.5 to 166.2 per 100,000 hospitalizations during the study period; However, CO MRSA BSI rates remained stable (152.7 to 149.9 per 100,000 hospitalizations). Among CO MRSA BSIs, 1,838 (10%) were BSIs with substance-use diagnoses; the incidence of CO MRSA BSIs with substance use increased 236% (from 8.2 to 27.6 per 100,000 hospitalizations) and represented a greater proportion of the CO MRSA rate over the study period (Fig. 1). The incidence of CO MRSA BSIs without substance use decreased 15% (from 144.5 to 122.4 per 100,000 hospitalizations). Patients with CO MRSA BSIs with substance use were younger (median, 40 vs 65 years), more likely to be female (50% vs 40%), white (79% vs 69%), and to leave against medical advice (15% vs 1%). Among patients not leaving against medical advice, CO BSI patients with substance-use diagnoses had longer lengths of stay (median, 11 vs 9 days), lower in-hospital mortality (9% vs 14%), and higher hospitalization costs (median, 17,468) compared to patients without substance-use diagnoses. Conclusions: Although the overall CO MRSA BSI rate remained unchanged from 2012 to 2017, infections with substance use diagnoses increased >3-fold, and infections without substance use diagnoses decreased. These data suggest that the emergence of MRSA associated with substance-use diagnoses threatens potential progress in reducing the incidence of CO MRSA infections. Additional strategies may be needed to prevent MRSA BSI in patients with substance-use diagnoses, and to maintain national progress in the reduction of MRSA infections overall. Funding: None Disclosures: None