cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing Critical, Beneficial, Neutral and Harmful Mutations Uncovered in the Directed Evolution of a Yeast Membrane Receptor

Abstract We present a reversion analysis of mutations introduced during the directed evolution of the yeast G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) Ste2p to detect a peptide biomarker of chronic kidney disease. Two mutated receptors are analyzed in this study. Mutations acquired during directed evolution were reverted one at a time to the wild-type residue to assess the mutation’s contribution to receptor function. Mutations in the first and fifth transmembrane regions, the second intracellular loop and a truncation were found to be crucial for sensitive detection of the peptide biomarker. Some mutations acquired during directed evolution were found to be neutral to or harmful for biomarker detection. Mutations were also assessed for their contributions to increasing basal activity of the evolved receptors. A similar set of crucial mutations were found in the two receptors, implying a similar mechanism detection. The mutations are reasoned to appear to give the ability to detect a smaller sized peptide, affect interaction with the G-protein and allow for prolonged signaling after stimulation. These data should provide guidance for further engineering of Ste2p and other GPCRs.
Recent Trends in Climate/Weather Impacts on Midwestern Fruit and Vegetable Production

While the Midwest is famous for being the world’s leader in corn and soybean production, this region is also home to a variety of high value specialty crops. Specialty crops include fruits and vegetables, tree nuts, dried fruits, and nursery crops including floriculture.
Papillary carcinoma arising in a presumed thyroglossal duct cyst with associated lateral neck extension

Abstract Primary papillary thyroid carcinoma arising in a thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is a rare but well-documented phenomenon. Typically, patients present with a painless, midline neck mass found to be a TGDC on routine imaging (computed tomography or ultrasound), and undergo a Sistrunk procedure for removal. Papillary thyroid carcinoma is then found incidentally within the cyst on histopathologic examination. We describe a unique case of papillary thyroid carcinoma as a lateral neck lesion without clinical, radiographic or histologic evidence of a TGDC or primary neoplasm in the thyroid
Vascularized composite allotransplants as a mechanistic model for allograft rejection - an experimental study.

Vascularized composite allotransplants (VCAs) seem to have several unique features of clinical and experimental importance, including uniquely definable lymphatic drainage that can be easily accessed at the level of ipsilateral regional node beds. Thus, VCA offers a unique opportunity to assess the relative contribution of peripheral and secondary lymphoid tissue to the process of rejection. We transplanted hind limb grafts from C3H donors to six different groups of C57BL/6 recipients: Spleen+ Map3k14-/- ; Spleen- Map3k14-/- ; Spleen+ Node- Map3k14-/- ; and Spleen- Node- Map3k14-/- . As positive controls, we used Map3k14+/- with or without spleen. Map3k14+/- mice demonstrated an average graft survival of 9.6 and 9.2 days for Spleen- and Spleen+ Map3k14+/- , respectively. Rejection in the Map3k14-/- group was considerably delayed (28.4 days, P = 0.002) in all recipients. The Spleen- Map3k14-/- mice rejected their hind limb allografts in an even more delayed fashion compared to Spleen+ Map3k14-/- (54.4 days, P = 0.02). Histological analysis of skin showed that acute rejection in both Map3k14+/- mice groups was graded as Banff III or Banff IV. In the Map3k14-/- groups, rejection was graded as Banff III. We demonstrated that in the absence of lymph nodes, grafts reject in a delayed fashion. Also, splenectomy in alymphoplastic mice further extends graft survival, but does not eliminate rejection all together.
An L-Band Radar System for Ice Sheet Measurements

A surface-based L-band radar sounding system was developed to measure ice sheet thickness, basal conditions, and ice-shelf melt rate. The radar system operates in a pulse-chirped mode with a peak transmit power of 4 kW through eight channels of 500 W each. The system is equipped with an array of high gain Yagi antennas to achieve the required sensitivity. We have deployed the radar to the East Greenland Ice-Core Project (EGRIP) site in Greenland for field tests during the 2019 Summer field season. We have successfully demonstrated, for the first time, radar sounding of kilometers-thick polar ice sheet at L-band. In this paper, we will present the radar system design, field operation, as well as field results.
Fired for Facebook: Using NLRB Guidance to Craft Appropriate Social Media Policies

Abstract Online social media websites have become a major way by which people communicate. This communication can include information deemed relevant to work, in both positive and negative ways. There has been a rise in workers fired for posts they have made on social media. With such terminations come questions of their legality, especially when they involve workers discussing work-related matters and work conditions. These discussions can also include multiple workers chiming in with comments or Facebook ‘likes.’ A number of such termination cases have been brought to the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) with different rulings made based on the nature of the social media content and the amount and type of response by fellow workers. This article reviews NLRB cases related to social media terminations and common guiding principles that emerge across cases. We give four recommendations to organizations as to how to engage in legal terminations and create social media policies that will pass muster with the NLRB. We discuss general guidelines for crafting social media policies. Finally, we discuss what we still need to know and research in this new and rapidly changing work context.
The Critical Airway

Imagine you are asked to evaluate the airway of a 4 months old with noisy breathing. Surrounded by anxious parents and helpless staff, you find an emaciated infant with biphasic stridor and suprasternal and subcostal retractions. He has been feeding poorly and intermittently cyanotic for several days. The first thing you must remember not to do is panic. The critical airway can be safely and effectively managed when a composed surgeon follows a sensible thought process and conducts a directed work up as part of a multidisciplinary care team.
Surgical tool pose estimation from monocular endoscopic videos

Surgical tool pose estimation has been proven to be useful for high- and low- level feedback tasks including safety-enhancement, semantic feedback and surgical skill assessment. Tool pose estimation using monocular camera input is a well-studied research problem as the monocular camera is one of the ubiquitous sensor across the spectrum of robotic devices. Current state-of-the art methods for visual tool pose estimation are computationally expensive and require elaborate geometric and appearance models of surgical tools. We propose a visual tool pose estimation method that maps the visual bounding box to the 3D tool pose without any explicit knowledge of tool geometry using Gaussian process regression. The proposed approach can be generalized to any surgical tool and provides tool pose estimates with a variance estimate in real-time. We demonstrate rigorous evaluation of the method under various conditions that might effect the estimation process. In order to evaluate the algorithm, we have instrumented a standard box trainer kit with two laparoscopic tools to get simultaneous ground truth pose and a video feed.
Foot Pressure Abnormalities in the Diabetic Foot

For decades, foot pressure measurements have been used to evaluate many medical conditions. Early techniques to assess plantar foot pressure were simple, yet innovative, methods that provided investigators with semiquantitative data. The introduction of the optical pedobarograph significantly improved the accuracy of foot pressure measurements. Measurement of foot pressures has advanced over the years and now includes computer technology that allows for accurate and reproducible measurements.
NARCOLEPSY IN CHILDREN

In adult persons the narcoleptic syndrome consists of narcolepsy proper, cataplexy, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations. The characteristics of these phenomena are discussed. The disease is not often recognized in children, although anamnestic evidence suggests that in the majority of patients the onset of the disorder is in childhood or adolescence. Data are presented concerning 16 children in whom narcolepsy was evident. Problems in diagnosis are reviewed and common pitfalls and misinterpretations are discussed. The use of analeptic drugs for treatment is outlined.
The recent growth of the internet and changes in household-level demand for entertainment

This paper investigates whether the recent growth of the Internet complements or substitutes for consumption of existing entertainment goods. Applying a difference-in-differences approach to the Consumer Expenditure Survey, I find varying degrees of potential substitutability between Internet growth and consumer expenditures across different entertainment goods. For most goods, these negative effects appear to be sensitive to changes in specifications. In contrast, the negative effect on recorded music expenditure is statistically significant and robust to different specifications.
High-Throughput Transcriptome Sequencing for SNP and Gene Discovery in a Moth

ABSTRACT The western bean cutworm, Striacosta albicosta (Smith) (Leptidoptera: Noctuidae) is a pest of corn (Zea mays L.) and dry beans that underwent a dramatic range expansion in North America during the 1st decade of the 21st century. Research into the population genetics of this species has been hindered by a lack of genetic markers. The transcriptome of adult male S. albicosta was partially sequenced using Illumina sequencing-by-synthesis. Assembly of the sequence reads yielded 16,847 transcript sequences, of which 6,631 could be assigned a putative function. A search for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified 2,487 candidate SNPs distributed among 1,265 transcripts. A panel of 108 candidate SNPs was selected for empirical testing, of which 68 proved to be assayable polymorphisms that are suitable for population studies. This work provides significant genetic resources for studying S. albicosta and demonstrates the power of applying of second-generation sequencing to previously understudie...
Numerical Calculation of the Density Autocorrelation Function for Liquid Argon

Numerical calculations of the dynamic scattering function $S(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}, \ensuremath{\omega})$, the intermediate scattering function, and the van Hove distribution function $\mathrm{G}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathcal{r}}, t)$, based on an approximate expression for $S(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}, \ensuremath{\omega})$ proposed in an earlier paper, are presented. The liquid structure factor $S(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}})$ and first two even moments of $S(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}, \ensuremath{\omega})$, which are needed as input, are obtained by means of the Percus-Yevick equation with a Lennard-Jones potential, making the calculation entirely self-contained. The calculation is applied to the liquid-argon case studied through molecular dynamics by Rahman; comparisons with these results and those of experiment show good qualitative agreement. A brief description of the numerical procedure is included.
Variational calculation of ground-state properties of a binary boson system: Properties of dilute mixtures of He 3 atoms in superfluid He 4

In the theory of Woo, Tan, and Massey the properties of $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ atoms in superfluid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ are determined by ground-state properties of the corresponding binary boson system. Here, we present a variational calculation for these ground-state properties of the binary boson system as well as for the $^{3}\mathrm{He}$-$^{4}\mathrm{He}$ mixture. A correction to the long-wavelength effective interaction is calculated by a paired-phonon analysis using the ground-state wave function of pure liquid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$. The present results are consistent with other phenomenological theories. Particularly, the effective $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ quasiparticle interaction above about 7.4 atm is qualitatively in agreement with that obtained by Landau, Tough, Brubaker, and Edwards from osmotic-pressure data.
A study of problem solving by gibbons.

Four gibbons were presented with five types of string-pulling problems based on those used by KOHLER to demonstrate insight. Contrary to the results of previous research on problem-solving ability in gibbons, all of the problems were solved quickly and efficiently. Their success is attributed to the fact that, in the present research, the strings were elevated so as not to be lying on a flat surface. Such a design is more suitable to the anatomy and sensory capacities of these animals and more in accord with the types of manipulable objects which are found in their natural environment. At least one of the problem types was solved insightfully. It is concluded that the sudden appearance of a complete, adaptive ("correct"), complex response sequence following a period of non-problem-directed responding which in turn follows a period of non-adaptive ("incorrect") attempts at problem solution objectively characterize the qualitatively unique learning process known as insight. It is suggested that objective identification of qualitatively unique learning processes is a prerequisite to the meaningful analysis of tool-using behavior.
Harnessing microbiota to kill a pathogen: Fixing the microbiota to treat Clostridium difficile infections.

Despite the existence of numerous antibiotics, recurrence of certain infections, such as those caused by Clostridium difficile, remains a clinical challenge. The root of the problem is the detrimental effect of antibiotics on the function and composition of intestinal commensals. To tackle C. difficile refractoriness to treatment and infection recurrence, scientists are trying to understand how a healthy microbiota may keep this pathogen at bay to identify the microbial contributors of protection and to develop targeted probiotic-based therapies. In 'Bedside to Bench', Ying Taur and Eric Pamer discuss the potential of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and peruse mechanisms to explain its efficacy. Alteration of bile salts, which are involved in germination of C. difficile spores, by the healthy microbiota may explain why microbiome depletion upon antibiotic treatment can lead to pathogen overgrowth. In 'Bench to Bedside', Ruth Ley peruses a recent study suggesting that sialic acids increasingly released by gut commensals after antibiotic treatment may play a crucial part in boosting C. difficile growth. Starving the pathogen of this carbohydrate in the gut by FMT or, more specifically, with engineered probiotics that can outcompete the pathogen for sialic acids may prove effective to treat or even prevent C. difficile infection.
792-2.Is the Anti-Restenosis Effect of Stent (vs PTCA) Greater in LAD Vessels? A Subgroup Analysis of the STent REStenosis Study

In the multicenter randomized STent REStenosis Study (STRESS), stent (S) implantation has shown to reduce restenosis (RES) by 26% compared with PTCA. To determine the impact of Svs PTCA in reducing RES in various vessel locations, we analyzed the data from STRESS in LAD and non-LAD vessels. LAD PTCA N = 98 LAD S N = 96 Non-LAD PTCA N = 104 Non-LAD S N = 109 Final % stenosis 34 ± 15 17 ± 11 † 35 ± 14 20 ± 12 † Acute gain (mm) 1.14 ± 0.47 1.62 ± 0.43 † 1.32 ± 0.49 1.81 ± 0.47 † Late Loss (mm) 0.52 ± 0.55 0.78 ± 0.57 * 0.34 ± 0.57 0.73 ± 0.57 † Net gain (mm) 0.59 ± 0.55 0.88 ± 0.62 * 1.03 ± 0.61 1.06 ± 0.61 RES (g50% stenosIs) 52.6 32.9 * 29.9 29.5 * .p ≤ 0.01 † .p ≤ 0.0001 compared S with PTCA In both LAD and non-LAD vessels, S (compared with PTCA) achieved a greater acute ga in and resulted in a lower final % stenosis. Late loss was also greater in S than PTCA group and similar for LAD and non-LAD vessels. However, in PTCA pts, late loss was much lower in non-LAD vessels (vs LAD). Thus, the overall net gain and RES in non-LAD vessels were similar for S.and PTCA, whereas the net gain was greater after S in LAD vessels and resulted in much lower RES compared with PTCA. Similarly, the difference in eventfree survival (freedom from death, MI, CABG, or repeat PTCA) between S and PTCA was greater in LAD (77% vs 66%, P = 0.06) than non-LAD vessels (78% vs 72%, NS). In Conclusion STRESS substudy analysis indicates 1) S provides uniformly greater improvement of angiographic results in all lesion locations compared with PTCA, 2) much greater anti-restenosis and clinical benefits in S pts within the LAD vessels, and 3) more aggressive post-S dilatation strategies (to further reduce final % stenosis) are recommended for non-LAD vessels to achieve greater differential anti-restenosis benefit for S.
Toxicology of daily administration to mice of the radiation potentiator SR 4233 (WIN 59075)

Abstract We have investigated the feasibility of administration of an effective dose of the hypoxic cytotoxin, SR 4233, Monday–Friday daily for 6 weeks. From a thorough hematological, histopathological and clinical chemistry evaluation throughout the course and during a 3-week recovery period, we conclude that daily administration of a radiopotentiating dose of SR 4233 in mice is well tolerated and that bone marrow suppression is likely to be the dose-limiting toxicity.
More complicated than it looks: assembly of Notch pathway transcription complexes

The Notch pathway is a short-range signaling mechanism between neighboring cells that results in changes in gene expression. Extracellular interactions between Notch receptors and ligands trigger proteolytic cleavage of the receptor Notch. Following cleavage, the freed intracellular domain of Notch (NotchIC) moves from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, engaging the DNA-binding transcription factor CBF-1, Su(H), Lag-1 (CSL)—the nuclear effector of the pathway. NotchIC, together with the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind, form a ternary complex with CSL that activates transcription from genes that are responsive to Notch signaling. Illuminating the molecular details that underlie formation of the transcriptionally active CSL–NotchIC–Mastermind ternary complex is key for understanding how genes are turned on in response to a Notch signal. Recently, several studies using biophysical and computational methods have scrutinized how the CSL–NotchIC–Mastermind ternary complex forms and the role individual domains play in this process. These detailed analyses have provided a wealth of molecular insights into the assembly of a Notch pathway active transcription complex but have also raised several intriguing, yet confounding questions. This review will focus on the findings of these recent biophysical studies and provide speculative models that address these unanswered questions.
"That's Not What We Meant to Do": Reform and Its Unintended Consequences in Twentieth-Century America

An investigation into the chasm between the good intentions of legislators and the results of their legislation. Gillon discusses welfare policy, community mental health reform and immigration acts, and describes the unintended consenqueces of their enactment.
Analysis of nystagmus response to pseudorandom velocity input.

Abstract This report describes a method to analyse the vestibular system when subjected to a pseudorandom angular velocity input. A sum of sinusoids (pseudorandom) input lends itself to analysis by linear frequency methods. Resultant horizontal ocular movements were digitized, filtered and transformed into the frequency domain. Programs were developed and evaluated to obtain the (1) auto spectra of input stimulus and resultant ocular response, (2) cross spectra, (3) the estimated vestibular-ocular system transfer function gain and phase, and (4) coherence function between stimulus and response functions.
Steady‐state non‐equilibrium transport in non‐Hermitian open quantum nanostructures

We present two classic case studies of non-equilibrium transport from the mesoscopics literature, – a single-channel tunneling junction and a tunneling junction with an embedded resonant level –, that we generalized to the non-Hermitian case. We use these problems to illustrate the characteristics of the non-linear transport due to the asymmetric dynamics inherent of the non-Hermitian problem. We employ a generalized time-loop Green's function formalism that was developed explicitly to define and deal with these problems, and that constitutes a powerful and general tool for this type of studies. We point out important differences with the standard Hermitian case.
Apneic oxygenation during prolonged laryngoscopy in obese patients: a randomized, controlled trial of nasal oxygen administration.

Abstract Study Objective To evaluate the influence of nasal oxygen (O 2 ) administration on the duration of arterial oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) ≥95% during simulated difficult laryngoscopy in obese patients. Design Prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Setting University hospital. Patients 30 obese men undergoing general anesthesia. Interventions After thorough preoxygenation, and using total intravenous anesthesia, simulated difficult laryngoscopy was performed, with half the patients receiving additional nasal O 2 during apnea. Measurements Duration of SpO 2 ≥95% was measured up to a maximum of 6 minutes. Lowest SpO 2 values and time to regain 100% SpO 2 (resaturation time) also were recorded. Main Results Nasal O 2 administration was associated with significant prolongation of SpO 2 ≥95% time (5.29 ± 1.02 vs. 3.49 ± 1.33 min, mean ± SD), a significant increase in patients with SpO 2 ≥95% apnea at 6 minutes (8 vs. one pt), and significantly higher minimum SpO 2 (94.3 ± 4.4% vs. 87.7 ± 9.3%). Resaturation times were no different between the groups. Conclusions Nasal O 2 administration is associated with significant increases in frequency and duration of SpO 2 ≥95%, and higher minimum SpO 2 during prolonged laryngoscopy in obese patients.
Expectations and Informal Rules in Coalition Formation

Why do informal rules emerge alongside—and at variance with—the formal constitutional constraints that shape bargaining over coalition governments? The presence of informal rules at odds with formal rules appears as an anomaly within both institution-free and institution-focused theories of coalitions. The author argues that politicians create informal rules in order to alter formal institutions that do not function to their benefit. The costs of a formal change in institutions offer incentives to politicians to invent informal rules as alternatives to such change, and repeated interactions teach politicians what to expect and then invent. The author's emphasis on the manipulability of rules echoes long-standing themes in the study and practice of politics.
Racial Profiling Litigation: Current Status and Emerging Controversies

The racial profiling controversy is now about a decade and a half old and has developed into a bona fide research agenda. Hundreds of police departments have conducted studies and scores of researchers have written articles and books on the topic. The controversy came to prominence during a high-profile litigation involving the New Jersey State Police. Since then, with the exception of a few local cases, the courts have been relatively silent at the national level. Even so, a litigation pattern is beginning to emerge. This article documents this pattern and provides evidence that racial profiling litigation is likely to increase in the very near future.
Ruin probability in the Cramér–Lundberg model with risky investments

Abstract We consider the Cramer–Lundberg model with investments in an asset with large volatility, where the premium rate is a bounded nonnegative random function c t and the price of the invested risk asset follows a geometric Brownian motion with drift a and volatility σ > 0 . It is proved by Pergamenshchikov and Zeitouny that the probability of ruin, ψ ( u ) , is equal to 1 , for any initial endowment u ≥ 0 , if ρ ≔ 2 a / σ 2 ≤ 1 and the distribution of claim size has an unbounded support. In this paper, we prove that ψ ( u ) = 1 if ρ ≤ 1 without any assumption on the positive claim size.
Studies on the maintenance of development in tetrahymena pyriformis GL-C. I. An analysis of the mechanism of resorption of developing oral structures.

Resorption of differentiating oral structures of Tetrahymena pyriformis GL-C can be brought about by exposures to high and to low temperatures, to antagonists of RNA and of protein synthesis, and to inhibitors of energy metabolism. The resorption process is accompanied by a blockage (or reversal) of cell division furrowing. At a late developmental stage, oral primordium development and the cell division process become simultaneously stabilized, so that both processes can be completed (although often at a reduced rate) even in the presence of the agent. The stage at which stabilization takes place is independent of the agent employed. The sequence of events observed during the resorption process was generally the same regardless of the agent which brought the process about. However, the rate of resorption depended on the agent and also on the concentration at which it was employed. At a sublethal high temperature (34°C) and in the presence of antagonists of RNA and protein synthesis, resorption was rapid, being completed in an hour or less. On the other hand, in the presence of 2,4-dinitrophenol (at a concentration just above the threshold for blocking cell division) resorption was extremely slow and incomplete. At low temperatures, resorption was also slow, the rate depending on the temperature; a linear relationship was obtained if the logarithm of the resorption rate was plotted against the reciprocal of the absolute temperature (Arrhenius plot). Following the addition of dinitrophenol or the onset of low temperature treatment, there was an initial interval during which oral development was blocked or considerably retarded, but oral primordium resorption had not yet commenced. If cells were returned to optimal growth conditions (by washing out the DNP or returning samples from the cold to 28°C) late in this interval, they underwent immediate and rapid resorption of oral primordia in which membranelle differentiation had begun. This resorption process always went to completion. Resorption is thus an irreversible process, which is in some way pre-determined or triggered by dinitrophenol, low temperature, and probably the other agents also. The time required to bring about the triggering of resorption was ascertained by exposing synchronized cultures to DNP or low temperature treatments of differing durations. Resorption was triggered quite rapidly by DNP, and more slowly by low temperature. Furthermore, the time required to trigger resorption at 1°C was much longer than the time required at 9°C. Hence the triggering of resorption probably involves some metabolic activity, but not a substantial energy requirement. It is suggested, in the discussion, that the resorption process involves the localized enzymatic degradation of the developing oral structures and that the triggering of this process probably corresponds to the activation and/or mobilization of the degradative enzymes. Alternative hypotheses of the nature of this triggering mechanism are presented and discussed.
The zero-stress state of rat veins and vena cava.

The zero-stress state of a vein is, like that of an artery, not a closed cylindrical tube, but is a series of segments whose cross-sections are open sectors. An opening angle of each sector is defined as the angle subtended between two radii joining the midpoint of the inner wall to the tips of the inner wall. Data on the opening angles (mean ± standard deviation) of the veins and vena cava of the rat are presented. For the superior vena cava and subclavian, jugular, facial, renal, common iliac, saphenous, and plantar veins, the opening angle varies in the range of 25 to 75 deg. The inferior vena cava (below the heart), however, has noncircular, nonaxisymmetric cross-sections, a curved axis, and a rapid longitudinal variation of its “diameter;” its zero-stress state is not circular sectors; but the opening angle is still a useful characterization. The mean opening angle of the interior vena cava varies in the range of 40 to 150 deg in the thoracic portion, and 75 to 130 deg in the abdominal portion, with the larger values occurring about the middle of each portion. There are considerable length, diameter reductions, and wall thickening of the vena cava from the homeostatic state to the no-load state in vitro. Physically, the zero-stress state is the basis of the stress analysis of blood vessels. The change of opening angle is a convenient parameter to characterize any nonuniform remodeling of the vessel wall due to changes in physical stress or chemical environment. Change of zerostress state influences the compliance and collapsibility of the viens, their pressure-volume and pressure-flow relationships, the waterfall phenomenon, and the tone in the vascular smooth muscles if the homeostatic stress is changed.
125 GeV Higgs, type III seesaw and gauge–Higgs unification

Abstract Recently, both the ATLAS and CMS experiments have observed an excess of events that could be the first evidence for a 125 GeV Higgs boson. This is a few GeV below the (absolute) vacuum stability bound on the Higgs mass in the Standard Model (SM), assuming a Planck mass ultraviolet (UV) cutoff. In this Letter, we study some implications of a 125 GeV Higgs boson for new physics in terms of the vacuum stability bound. We first consider the seesaw extension of the SM and find that in type III seesaw, the vacuum stability bound on the Higgs mass can be as low as 125 GeV for the seesaw scale around a TeV. Next we discuss some alternative new physics models which provide an effective ultraviolet cutoff lower than the Planck mass. An effective cutoff Λ ≃ 10 11 GeV leads to a vacuum stability bound on the Higgs mass of 125 GeV. In a gauge–Higgs unification scenario with five-dimensional flat spacetime, the so-called gauge–Higgs condition can yield a Higgs mass of 125 GeV, with the compactification scale of the extra-dimension being identified as the cutoff scale Λ ≃ 10 11 GeV . Identifying the compactification scale with the unification scale of the SM SU(2) gauge coupling and the top quark Yukawa coupling yields a Higgs mass of 121 ± 2 GeV .
Improving turbine blade fatigue life

Turbine airfoil design, materials, and cooling system management are variables which, when optimized, can contribute to longer turbine component lives. These advancements have been identified as redesign techniques to improve the turbine fatigue life of the SSME High Pressure Fuel Turbopump. This paper discusses the general program approach toward improving turbine fatigue life.
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF STORED OATS WITH DIFFERENT MOISTURE CONTENT.

Much has been written about the heating that takes place in damp or moist grain, but apparently no measurements have been made of thermal conductivity. In a previous publication by Bakke and Noecker (1), it was shown that in oats in storage there is considerable variation in oxygen consumption even with oats of low moisture content. There is a general tendency for respiration to increase with the moisture content, although there is considerable variation. In certain localized areas where the grain is not sufficiently dry for storage, spoilage takes place owing to rapid oxidation of the grain. In these areas or "'heat pockets'7 the heat generated has been largely retained owing to the fact that the grain is a poor conductor of heat. The work reported in this paper is an attempt to measure the thermal conductivity of oats stored at different moisture contents.
Diabetic ketoacidosis in the pediatric patient.

Diabetic ketoacidosis is the major source of morbidity and mortality in patients with Type I diabetes mellitus. One population-based study noted that approximately 25% of newly diagnosed patients present with diabetic ketoacidosis.1 Most of those hospitalized with diabetes ketoacidosis, however, are those with poor control of their pre-existing diabetes. Cerebral edema has been found to be present in only 1% of children with diabetic ketoacidosis, but accounts for 20% of all diabetes-related deaths.2 Although the mortality rate has fallen dramatically over the course of the last century, the underlying mechanisms involved with the development of cerebral edema are still not clear. Several studies have shown specific risk factors to be associated with cerebral edema, but as of yet no reduction in the recent incidence of cerebral edema has been demonstrated. A discussion of these risk factors and a suggested protocol for treating diabetic ketoacidosis are included in this review.
A microscale look at tumbling mill scale-up using high fidelity simulation

Tumbling mill scale-up has had largely empirical roots. Energy size and energy size distribution relationships have been derived from relatively large data bases combined with a sprinkling of fundamental science. High fidelity simulation (HFS), which is based on multi-physics models, allows one to examine the interactions that occur in a mill amongst media, particles, wear parts and slurry at the microscale level. Thus, fundamental questions concerning particle capture, energy utilization and fragment creation as they depend on bequipment sizeQ can be addressed. In this paper, the process is taken from the single particle breakage level, through laboratory grinding experiments up to full-scale commercial mill operation. The basis for certain empirical relationships is explained in fundamental terms. A look at the future of scale-up based on the use of such tools is presented. C. 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Quasiparticle undressing in a dynamic Hubbard model: exact diagonalization study

Dynamic Hubbard models have been proposed as extensions of the conventional Hubbard model to describe the orbital relaxation that occurs upon double occupancy of an atomic orbital. These models give rise to pairing of holes and superconductivity in certain parameter ranges. Here we explore the changes in carrier effective mass and quasiparticle weight and in one- and two-particle spectral functions that occur in a dynamic Hubbard model upon pairing, by exact diagonalization of small systems. It is found that pairing is associated with lowering of effective mass and increase of quasiparticle weight, manifested in transfer of spectral weight from high to low frequencies in one- and two-particle spectral functions. This ``undressing'' phenomenology resembles observations in transport, photoemission, and optical experiments in high-${T}_{c}$ cuprates. This behavior is contrasted with that of a conventional electron-hole symmetric Holstein-like model with attractive on-site interaction, where pairing is associated with ``dressing'' instead of undressing.
False-positive complement-fixation serology in histoplasmosis. A retrospective study.

A review of the records of 79 consecutive patients who had a positive immunodiffusion or complement-fixation test for histoplasmosis showed 28 (35%) with false-positive serologic results in relation to their clinical significance. Twelve patients (15%) had complement-fixation titers of 1:32 or greater, without cultural or histological evidence of active infection. No common clinical or laboratory finding could be correlated with the presence of false-positive tests. The latter finding correlates well with the incidence of false-positive complement-fixation titers (12%) in the normal random patient population. ( JAMA 239:2453-2456, 1978)
The application of CaSO4:Dy (TLD‐900) to diagnostic x‐ray exposures

The properties of a new commercial thermoluminescent dosimeter, CaSO4:Dy without a LiF binder (TLD-900) was studied for low-exposure measurements in diagnostic radiology. The former TLD-900 had a LiF binder (herein referred to as "TLD-900/LiF"). The principle features of this dosimeter are its high sensitivity to low-energy radiation and its relatively low fading which permits measurements down to less than 2.6 X 10(-8) C kg (0.1 mR) with an accuracy better than 20%. The characteristics, annealing procedures, light sensitivity, energy response, reproducibility, and fading, of TLD-900 are discussed and compared with TLD-900/LiF. When the precautions presented in this paper are used, the dosimeters can be used for the measurement of x-ray exposures.
The effect of glue-line voids and inclusions on the fatigue strength of bonded joints in composites

Abstract During fatigue tests on bonded joints between flat bars of unidirectional, carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy resin, it was found that joint fatigue strength could be improved significantly by eliminating the carrier in one film adhesive, and by eliminating the voids (due to water vapour emitted from the composite) in another film adhesive containing no carrier but ballotini for glue-line thickness control. Surface preparation techniques also had a significant effect and the best solution found was to grind off the resin skin from the composite, prior to bonding.
Estimated Body Surface Potential Maps in Emergency Department Patients with Unrecognized Transient Myocardial Ischemia

We report on 5 patients who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with chest pain, were Troponin negative, and were discharged with a presumed noncardiac diagnosis. Thereafter, retrospective analysis of Holter monitoring data recorded for a clinical trial revealed ST events indicative of transient myocardial ischemia that was unrecognized clinically. Study Aim— The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether initial body surface potential maps estimated from optimal ischemia electrode sites (EBSPM) showed signs of ischemia in the missed ischemia group that could have prevented misdiagnosis. Methods— Secondary analysis of data from the IMMEDIATE AIM Study, a prospective clinical trial in which patients were attached to 2 Holter monitor devices for simultaneous recordings. One Holter device recorded a standard Mason-Likar 12-lead ECG and the other recorded a 10-electrode lead set considered optimal for ischemia detection. A body surface potential map was then estimated from the optimal lead set. Results— At 1 year, 2 of the 5 patients with missed ischemia died and a 3 rd had an acute myocardial infarction (40% mortality; 60% death/non-fatal MI). In comparison, 1-year mortality was 5.7% in 159 similar patients treated for unstable angina at the same institution over the same time period (p=. 037). The initial standard ECG was normal in 3 and showed LVH in 1. The 5 th patient with history of recent MI had slight ST elevation in leads III and aVF and Q waves that were considered indicative of recent (not acute) MI. EBSPM data recorded at the time of ED presentation matched the standard ECG (normal in 3; LVH or inconclusive in 2). During transient ischemia all 5 EBSPMs showed areas of ischemia overlapping with standard electrode sites. Conclusion— Patients evaluated in the ED for chest pain are at high risk for death or non-fatal MI if they have ischemic events with continuous ST-segment monitoring that are unrecognized clinically. Initial body surface potential maps estimated from optimal ischemia electrode sites do not improve on 12-lead ST segment monitoring in identifying this high risk group.
Melatonin as a naturally occurring co‐substrate of quinone reductase‐2, the putative MT3 melatonin membrane receptor: hypothesis and significance

The nature of the MT3 melatonin receptor/binding site has been a long pondered mystery for scientists. Even though it is a presumptive membrane receptor, neither its transduction cascade nor its biological consequences, after its stimulation, have been uncovered. Moreover, solid data support the idea that the MT3 melatonin binding site is an enzyme, quinone reductase 2 (QR2), rather than a membrane melatonin receptor. Based on the data available and our preliminary studies, we hypothesize that melatonin is a co-substrate of QR2. We surmise that melatonin binds to a co-substrate binding site (MT3 binding site) donating an electron to the enzyme co-factor, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). FAD can be reduced to either FADH or FADH2 while melatonin is converted to N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine and/or cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin. QR2 is considered to be a detoxifying and antioxidant enzyme and its behavior changes depending on available co-substrates. As a naturally occurring substance, melatonin's levels fluctuate with the light/dark cycle, with aging and with health/disease state. As a result, these alterations in melatonin production under physiological or pathological conditions would probably influence the activity of QR2.
The unfolding effects of organizational commitment and anticipated job satisfaction on voluntary employee turnover

An evolving discontent with existing theories of voluntary turnover led to the postulation of an “unfolding model” for the effects of organizational commitment and anticipated job satisfaction on voluntary employee turnover. In particular, existing theory and research on voluntary turnover were judged to apply validly to only a very small number of organizational situations. That is, their ecological validities appear weak. As a result, the proposed model seeks to describe more of the organization's reality and to apply to more situations than do current theories. Thus, the proposed model seeks to increase ecological validity. Four decision paths are detailed and asserted to capture more of the evolutionary (hence the term “unfolding”) confluence of personal, situational, and accidental forces on the decision to leave an organization than current models. Research implications are discussed.
Epstein-Barr Viral Productive Amplification Reprograms Nuclear Architecture, DNA Replication, and Histone Deposition

The spontaneous transition of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) from latency to productive infection is infrequent, making its analysis in the resulting mixed cell populations difficult. We engineered cells to support this transition efficiently and developed EBV DNA variants that could be visualized and measured as fluorescent signals over multiple cell cycles. This approach revealed that EBV's productive replication began synchronously for viral DNAs within a cell but asynchronously between cells. EBV DNA amplification was delayed until early S phase and occurred in factories characterized by the absence of cellular DNA and histones, by a sequential redistribution of PCNA, and by localization away from the nuclear periphery. The earliest amplified DNAs lacked histones accompanying a decline in four histone chaperones. Thus, EBV transits from being dependent on the cellular replication machinery during latency to commandeering both that machinery and nuclear structure for its own reproductive needs.
Intellectual property and action research

This brief article offers an overview of the issue of intellectual property and the ways in which this intersects with the practice and dissemination of action research. Particular attention is paid to various forms of co-authorship and to the impact of developing forms of information and communication technologies on the question of intellectual property.
Titan: High-Resolution Speckle Images from the Keck Telescope

Abstract Saturn's large moon Titan is unique among planetary satellites in that it possesses a thick atmosphere and a haze layer that is opaque to visible light. This haze is believed to be composed of organic compounds produced by the photolysis of methane. It has been suggested that the photochemical products of methane photolysis, primarily ethane, would “rain out” over time and may produce reservoirs of liquid hydrocarbons on Titan's surface. Such material would appear very dark, with an albedo ≤0.02 (Khare et al. 1990, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 22 , 1033). Such low-albedo regions have not been previously detected on Titan's surface. Here we report observations of Titan at a resolution of 0.04 arcsec (0.02 arcsec/pixel) using the technique of speckle imaging from the 10-m Keck I Telescope. By observing Titan at specific infrared wavelengths which are windows through its atmosphere, we have made both an albedo map of Titan's surface at 1.6 and 2.1 μm and an estimate of Titan's haze optical depth at these wavelengths. We clearly distinguish low-albedo features (reflectance
Divergence of multimodular polyketide synthases revealed by a didomain structure

The first crystal structure and in vitro biochemical characterization of an enoylreductase domain from a multimodular polyketide synthase indicates substantial architectural deviations from the mammalian fatty acid synthase and identifies an active site residue that controls catalytic activity.
Synthesis and Characterization of Liquid Crystal Trimers Based on Laterally Attached Terphenyls

Abstract Liquid crystal trimers consisting of a laterally attached terphenyl in the center and two terminally attached mesogenic groups at both ends have been synthesized. The thermal and phase behavior of these trimers were studied using DSC and polarized light microscopy methods. It is shown that incorporating laterally attached terphenyl rods into these trimers does not eliminate liquid crystallinity although it destabilizes the mesophase to some extent. In addition, increasing the length of the terminally attached rods results in a more stable mesophase. It is concluded that in the nematic phase the laterally attached rods are forced to orient in the nematic field direction of the terminally attached rods.
To Glorify: The Essence of Poetry and Religion

Martin Heidegger's explication of Pindar's assertion that ‘to glorify was the essence of poetry’ puts it quite well. He tells us that for Pindar the word does not derive its force from what is already complete in itself. For then man would be glorifying what is already glorious, that which already has the power to impress men. At best the word then would denote an acknowledgment or a confession of being impressed. Instead, he insists, the word denotes the power of making to appear, or to extol a place.1
Factors affecting small Colorado producers' local food sales.

Increased globalization of food trade has dramatically increased “food miles,” the distance food travels. The impacts of food miles on the environment, biodiversity, food security, and farmers' livelihoods are garnering increasing attention, but market forces affecting a lessening of food miles are little studied. This project examined previous literature; direct, local fresh produce operations; and producer insights to develop recommendations for increasing locally produced food. Producer size, product perishability, proximity to a population center, consumer perceptions, and producer philosophy influenced where Colorado growers sell. Growers suggested increased quality standards, marketing, and consumer education to increase the demand for local foods.
Stability of Moving Mesh Systems of Partial Differential Equations

Moving mesh methods based on the equidistribution principle (EP) are studied from the viewpoint of stability of the moving mesh system of differential equations. For fine spatial grids, the moving mesh system inherits the stability of the original discretized partial differential equation (PDE). Unfortunately, for some PDEs the moving mesh methods require so many spatial grid points that they no longer appear to be practical. Failures and successes of the moving mesh method applied to three reaction-diffusion problems are explained via an analysis of the stability and accuracy of the moving mesh PDE.