cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tert-butylhydroquinone induces mitochondrial oxidative stress causing Nrf2 activation

Tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), the major metabolite of butylated hydroxyanisole, induces an antioxidant response through the redox-sensitive transcription factor, nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). However, the mechanism by which tBHQ induces Nrf2 activity is not entirely understood. Here, we show that tBHQ preferentially alters the redox status in the mitochondrial compartment in HeLa cells. HeLa cells treated with tBHQ showed a preferential oxidation of mitochondrial thioredoxin-2 (Trx2), while cellular glutathione and cytosolic thioredoxin-1 were not affected. Preferential mitochondrial oxidation by tBHQ was supported by detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) specific to this compartment. To determine the role of Trx2 in regulating downstream effects of tBHQ, HeLa cells were transiently transfected with an empty, Trx2, or C93S (Cys93Ser) Trx2 dominant-negative mutant expression vector. Overexpression of Trx2 decreased basal mitochondrial ROS production, whereas expression of C93S Trx2 enhanced it. In addition, under untreated conditions, expression of C93S Trx2 led to an increase in the basal activities of Nrf2. With tBHQ treatments, Trx2 overexpression suppressed Nrf2 accumulation and activity, whereas expression of C93S Trx2 had no effect on the degree of inducibility or Nrf2 accumulation but did increase the overall activity of Nrf2. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of Nrf2-regulated gene expression corroborate Trx2 control of tBHQ-mediated Nrf2 activation. These data show a compartment-specific effect where tBHQ-induced Nrf2 signaling is mediated by Trx2 and suggest that antioxidant status in various compartments would provide different levels of control of redox signaling.
Convergence of a point vortex method for vortex sheets

Based on the observation that a point vortex approximation can be made spectrally accurate by using Van de Vooren’s desingularization, short time convergence of the point vortex method for both vortex sheets and the Boussinesq approximation are proved using analytic data. The spectral accuracy of the method allows a very simple proof to be obtained without using the Cauchy–Kowalewski theorem.
The singly-wound parallel β barrel: A proposed structure for 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase

Abstract Two short local reconnections in the backbone chain tracing of 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase suffice to make it an 8-stranded parallel β barrel whose size, shape, topology, and connection handedness match those of triose phosphate isomerase and of the first domain of pyruvate kinase. It is proposed that this singly-wound parallel β barrel is in fact the tertiary structure of the aldolase subunit.
The sterols and fatty acids from purified flagella ofChlamydomonas reinhardi

Purified flagella of the eukaryotic algaChlamydomonas reinhardi have a sterol composition (55% ergosterol [24β-methylcholesta-5,7,22-trans-trien-3β-ol] and 45% 7-dehydroporiferasterol [24β-ethylcholesta-5,7,22-trans-trien-3β-ol]) identical of that of the whole algal cell. Fatty acids isolated fromC. reinhardi flagella were identified as 16∶0, 18∶0, 18∶1, 18∶2 and 18∶3. Whole cell fatty acids included 14∶0, 16∶2 and 16∶3 in addition to those found in the flagella. Triunsaturates comprised 22.9% of the flagellar fatty acids and 76.4% of those from the whole cell.
Personal authentication through dorsal hand vein patterns

Biometric identification is an emerging technology that can solve security problems in our networked society. A reliable and robust personal verification approach using dorsal hand vein patterns is proposed in this paper. The characteristic of the approach needs less computational and memory requirements and has a higher recognition accuracy. In our work, the near-infrared charge-coupled device (CCD) camera is adopted as an input device for capturing dorsal hand vein images, it has the advantages of the low-cost and noncontact imaging. In the proposed approach, two finger-peaks are automatically selected as the datum points to define the region of interest (ROI) in the dorsal hand vein images. The modified two-directional two-dimensional principal component analysis, which performs an alternate two-dimensional PCA (2DPCA) in the column direction of images in the 2DPCA subspace, is proposed to exploit the correlation of vein features inside the ROI between images. The major advantage of the proposed method is that it requires fewer coefficients for efficient dorsal hand vein image representation and recognition. The experimental results on our large dorsal hand vein database show that the presented schema achieves promising performance (false reject rate: 0.97% and false acceptance rate: 0.05%) and is feasible for dorsal hand vein recognition.
Validation of Korean Versions of the Lubben Social Network Scales in Korean Americans

The Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS) was designed to measure perceived social support received from family and friends. This study tests the structural validity of two forms of the LSNS: the Korean revised LSNS (K-LSNS-R) and the Korean 6-item LSNS (K-LSNS-6). The data were drawn from survey interviews of 142 Korean American caregivers in the Washington DC metropolitan area. Both Korean versions of the scales showed good internal consistency reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis of the scales yielded an overall good fit for the K-LSNS-6 but a poor fit for the K-LSNS-R. These findings suggest that the K-LSNS-6 may be a better tool for assessing social networks in Korean samples because of its better model fit and parsimony.
Ballistic-phonon heat conduction at the nanoscale as revealed by time-resolved x-ray diffraction and time-domain thermoreflectance

We use time-resolved measurements of the evolution of surface and buried layer temperatures to quantify the contribution of ballistic phonons to heat transport on nanometer length scales. A laser pulse heats a $100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ thick Al film which cools by conduction into a GaAs substrate. The top $120--250\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ of the GaAs substrate is doped with In to create a buried layer with a distinct lattice constant. The cooling of the Al film is monitored by time-domain thermoreflectance and, in the second set of experiments, the heating and cooling of the GaAs:In buried layer are monitored by time-resolved x-ray diffraction. The combination of these data shows that thermal transport by ballistic phonons accounts for nearly 20% of the heat flow across the buried layer on nanosecond time scales.
Measurement of Interfacial Width in a Poly(styrene)/Poly(2-vinylpyridine) Homopolymer Blend by Spatially Resolved Inelastic Electron Scattering

This research uses spatially resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) to determine an upper bound for the interfacial width of a solution-cast poly(styrene) (PS)-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PVP) homopolymer blend. The measurement determines the fraction of nitrogen as a function of position across an unstained interface. The broadening effect of the incident-probe intensity distribution is deconvoluted from the raw data. In addition, a lower bound to the contribution of interfacial curvature to the interfacial width is estimated and also separated from the measurad data. This leads to an upper bound to the interfacial width of 3.5 nm. The result is in agreement with independent measurements by neutron scattering reported in the literature. Dose-resolved measurements are made to demonstrate that the effects of mass loss during the present measurements are insignificant. Quantitative analysis of the carbon/nitrogen ratio is made on the basis of the background-subtracted C and N K-edges in PVP finding a value of 7.05 ± 0.20, in agreement with the stoichiometric value of 7.0.
The image of the adjoint mapping

Abstract Let R be a commutative ring with 1, and let A be an m × n matrix over R with determinantal rank r ⩾ 1. If 1 is in ideal of R generated by the r × r minors of A , then every inner inverse of A is in the image of a linear mapping R ( n r ) × ( m r ) → R n×m that is specified in terms of the classical adjoints of the r × r submatrices of A .
A review of the factors affecting the accuracy of long-distance and intercontinental gravimeter measurements

The problems associated with making gravity connections over large distances with gravimeters are reviewed and discussed. Comparative data are presented as obtained using various types of gravimeters. Discrepancies in results are discussed in terms of their probable sources.
A molecular dynamics study of the effect of G.T mispairs on the conformation of DNA in solution

The effect of G · T mispair incorporation into a double-helical environment was examined by molecular dynamics simulation. The 60-ps simulations performed on the two hexanucleotide duplexes d (G3C3)2 and d (G3TC2)2 included 10 Na+ counterions and first hydration shell waters. The resulting backbone torsional angle trajectories were analyzed to select time spans representative of conformational domains. The average backbone angles and helical parameters of the last time span for both duplexes are reported. During the simulation the hexamers retained B-type DNA structures that differed from typical A- or B-DNA forms. The overall helical structures for the two duplexes are vary similar. The presence of G · T mispairs did not alter the overall helical structure of the oligonucleotide duplex. Large propeller twist and buckle angles were obtained for both duplexes. The purine/pyrimidine crossover step showed a large decrease in propeller twist in the normal duplex but not in the mismatch duplex. Upon the formation of wobble mispairs in the mismatched duplex, the guanines moved into the minor groove and the thymines moved into the major groove. This helped prevent purine/purine clash and created a deformation in the relative orientation of the glycosidic bonds. It also exposed the free O4 of the thymines in the major groove and N2 of the guanines in the minor groove to interactions with solvent and counterions. These factors seemed to contribute to the apparently higher rigidity of the mismatched duplex during the simulation.
An in vitro assay plate assembly for use in toxicity screening.

Abstract An assay-plate assembly has been described to be used in tissue culture for screening solid materials for toxicity, as well as for testing the cytotoxicities of various liquids such as antibiotics, anticancer agents and miscellaneous chemicals. This apparatus, in which the test sample is completely immobilized and is in direct contact with the cell monolayer, can be used for testing objects of any shape or density.
The Motivational Origins of Religious Practices

I hypothesize that people engage in religious practices, in part, because such practices activate the frontal lobes. Activation of the frontal lobes is both intrinsically rewarding and necessary for acquisition of many of the behaviors that religions seek to foster, including self-responsibility, impulse and emotion modulation, empathy, moral insight, hope, and optimism. Although direct tests of the hypothesis are as yet nonexistent, there is reasonably strong circumstantial evidence (reviewed herein) for it. Recent brain-imaging studies indicate greater anterior activation values and increased blood flow to frontal sites during prayer and meditation. Regular prayer is positively correlated with better overall mental health. Religiosity is correlated with higher levels of self-monitoring, empathy, and moral insight and other positive behaviors and negatively correlated with depression and impulsive and risky behaviors. Independent data show that self-monitoring, empathy, hope, and moral insight are all selectively associated with intact frontal function, whereas depression, impulsiveness, and drug and alcohol abuse are associated selectively with frontal dysfunction. If religious practices do indeed preferentially activate and stimulate development of the frontal lobes, (a) religious practices should be considered as possible adjuncts for some patients in treatment for mental health disorders, and (b) the frontal lobes (rather than the temporal lobes) should be considered the major brain site that supports the core components of religious experience.
Insect hormones: their effects on diapause and development of hymenoptera.

Abstract Prepupal diapause of the alkali bee, Nomia melanderi , was terminated by injection of ∝-ecdysone and three phytoecdysones (cyasterone, ecdysterone and inokosterone). Synthetic juvenile hormone, cholesterol, β-sitosterol, copper sulfate and zinc acetate had no effect. When juvenile hormone was injected simultaneously with ∝-ecdysone, the diapausing prepupae molted into normal pupae, but later developed into pupal-adult intermediates. ∝-Edysone also terminated the larval diapause of the leaf-cutter bee, Megachile rotundata .
A class of low-rate nonlinear binary codes

This paper introduces a new class of nonlinear binary codes. For each l = 2, 3,… we present a code with 2 41 codewords of length N = 4 l and distance d = (4 l — 2 l )/2. Each code is a supercode of the 1st-order Reed-Muller (RM) code and a subcode of the 2nd-order RM code. These codes are the “duals≓ of the extended nonlinear Preparata codes in the sense that their weight distributions satisfy the MacWilliams identities.
Uncertainty in chemistry

It might come as a disappointment to some chemists, but just as there are uncertainties in physics and mathematics, there are some chemistry questions we may never know the answer to either, suggests Fredric M. Menger.
SEX-RESTRICTED NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE OF MOUSE CHROMOSOME 11 IN THE OFFSPRING OF CROSSES BETWEEN C57BL/6J AND (C57BL/6J X DBA/2J)F1 MICE

We report on the observation of sex-restricted, non-Mendelian inheritance over a region of mouse Chromosome (Chr) 11, occurring in the offspring of crosses between two commonly used Mus musculus-derived inbred strains, C57BL/6J and DBA/2J. In the surviving backcross progeny of reciprocal matings between (C57BL/6J × DBA/2J)F1 hybrids and the C57BL/6J parental strain, we observed the preferential appearance of C57BL/6J alleles along a region of Chr 11. The deviation from Mendelian predictions was observed only in female offspring from both reciprocal backcrosses, and not in males from either cross. The sex-specificity of the observed non-Mendelian inheritance points to an explanation based on embryonic or neonatal lethality. Our data add to previously obtained evidence for a Chr 11 locus or loci with sex-specific and allele-specific effects on viability.
Paramecium transport by land snails.

SYNOPSIS. Field observations and experiments in a tropical forest revealed that Paramecium multimicronucleatum and other small aquatic organisms are transported between Heliconia flowers by terrestrial snails of the genus Caracolus. It is probable that dispersal is readily accomplished in tropical forests, and that the presence or absence of Paramecium in a given area therefore is determined by biological interactions.
When Web Pages Influence Web Usability: Effects of Online Strategic Communication

The purpose of this study is to understand the effects of strategic communication in the context of web usability by comparing single and multiple publicity and advertising messages. This study used a four-condition experiment comparing the conditions of exposure to a single publicity article, a single ad, a similar message from a publicity article and an ad, and varied messages from a publicity article and an ad for a tennis racquet featured in a web store. Participants (N = 325) were recreational tennis players and non-tennis players. The results suggested that when similar or varied advertising and publicity messages are integrated and linked in a website, the message effects in either condition operated similarly to repetition effects as the messages generated more positive effects on web usability, measured by attitude toward the website, purchase intention, communication sharing, and future web use, than a single message condition, especially the publicity article.
7 MHz Particle Identifying PHA

We have developed a high speed Pulse Height Analyzer (PHA) as a tool for plasma diagnostics using neutron spectra. Histograms of 10 ms duration form time-slice data on plasma buildup and decay. Particle identification, energy digitizing, memory routing, and add-l store can be completed at greater than a 7 MHz rate; acquisition speed is limited by the liquid scintillator.
Observation of Predicted Resonance Structure in the H + D 2 → HD ( v ′ = 0 , j ′ = 7 ) + D Reaction at a Collision Energy of 0.94 eV

We present experimental verification of predicted resonance structure in the energy dependence of the $\mathrm{H}+{\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ reaction. Specifically we predict and observe a broad resonance in the $\mathrm{H}+{\mathrm{D}}_{2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{HD}({v}^{\ensuremath{'}}{\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0,j}^{\ensuremath{'}}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}7)+\mathrm{D}$ reaction at a collision energy of $0.94\mathrm{eV}$. This resonance structure is roughly Gaussian with a full width at half maximum of $0.1\mathrm{eV}$. These results represent the first experimentally observed resonance structure in the fundamental $\mathrm{H}+{\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ reaction system.
Long-term outcome of anterior stabilization of the shoulder

This study reports long-term experience with anterior shoulder capsule stabilization by performing the Bankart repair when labral tearing was present with a laterally based T-capsule repair in both primary and revision surgery. Between 1979 and 1983, 34 patients underwent this procedure. They were categorized into a primary group of 22 patients and a revision group of 12 patients who had previous surgery to correct anterior shoulder instability. Patients completed our shoulder questionnaire and a Rowe questionnaire. The mean follow-up was 22 years (range, 11-27 years). No recurrent dislocations developed, 4 patients reported shoulder subluxation, and 11 felt apprehension. No patient had further anterior instability surgery. Two received total shoulder arthroplasty. Postoperative average pain was 1.6, average strength was 9.0, and average satisfaction was 8.3 (1-10 scales). Active elevation averaged 169°, external rotation, 65°; and internal rotation was to T12. There was an average of 10.2 "yes" responses on the Simple Shoulder Test. The total American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score averaged 84.3. Applying the Rowe rating, results were excellent in 16, good in 10, fair in 2, and poor in 4. Ratings were better in the primary surgery group ( P = .0535). The use of this procedure for correction of shoulder instability can prevent recurrent dislocation, but some degree of instability remains. Clinically important arthritis seldom develops.
Fate of injected rat bone marrow cells in irradiated mice.

The circulating platelets, red blood cells, and granulocytes of lethally irradiated mice treated with rat bone marrow were unalyzed at various intervals. On the basis of the observations, it was concluded that transplantation and proliferation of granulocyte, platelet, and srythrocyte precursors take place when bone marrow cells are injected into lethally irradiated recipients. (C.H.)
A Hierarchy of Basic Organizational Needs in Liberal Arts Colleges

Although the research techniques reported here are first generation, the authors produce results that suggest the idea of hierarchy of basic organizational needs is worth further research. The authors outline their rationale for the needs hierarchy, present data secured during an application of this concept in a study of administrative financial decision making in private liberal arts colleges, and discuss the usefulness and limitations of their findings.
Improvement of paper strength with starch modified clay

In order to improve the strength properties of high filler filled papers, a new technique of coating starch on the clay surface was developed. The stability of the coated starch and its effects on paper properties were studied. It was found that the starch coated on the clay surface swelled in water. This swelled starch film on the filler surface contributes significantly to the filler–filler bonding. The strength properties of handsheets made from starch coated clay, even with unmodified corn starch, could be increased by more than 15% versus those from the traditional method of adding cationic or amphoteric potato starch directly to 50% bleached softwood pulp/50% bleached hardwood pulp. This research suggests that the starch coated filler can be used to make high filler content paper products. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 44–50, 2005
Oceanside and Thirtymile Bank blind thrusts: Implications for earthquake hazards in coastal southern California

We define an active blind thrust system in offshore southern California that extends from Los Angeles south to the United States–Mexico international border. These blind thrusts formed by tectonic inversion of Miocene extensional detachments. We attribute the 1986 Oceanside (ML 5.3) earthquake, local uplift of marine terraces, seafloor fold scarps, and observed geodetic convergence to motion on these faults. Single and multisegment fault rupture scenarios suggest the potential for large (M 7.1–7.6) but infrequent earthquakes that would affect the Los Angeles and San Diego metropolitan areas.
Conventional adders with fine grained Redundancy Injection

Many digital systems benefit implicitly or explicitly from redundant representations to improve their performance. In this work we present a Limited Selective Redundancy Injection (LSRI) method to improve arithmetic unit performance. Our results show that LSRI with Conventional Input Redundant Output (CI-RO) adder improves Ripple Carry Adder (RCA) latency and Power-Delay-Area-Product (PDAP) by about 50% for large operand size with less than 1% area overhead and slight improvement in the power consumption.
Blind identification of time-varying channels using multistep linear predictors

Blind estimation of a class of single-input multiple-output (SIMO) time-varying channels is considered using only the second-order statistics of the data. The time-varying channel is assumed to be described by a complex exponential basis expansion model (CE-BEM). The multistep linear predictors-based method for blind identification of time-invariant channels is extended to time-varying channels represented by a CE-BEM. Sufficient conditions for channel identifiability are investigated. The proposed method requires the knowledge of the active basis functions in the CE-BEM. It is not as sensitive to overestimation of the channel length as some of the existing methods. Computer simulation examples are presented to illustrate the approach and to compare it with three existing approaches.
Pattern Recognition in Large-Scale Data Sets: Application in Integrated Circuit Manufacturing

It is important in semiconductor manufacturing to identify probable root causes, given a signature. The signature is a vector of electrical test parameters measured on a wafer. Linear discriminant analysis and artificial neural networks are used to classify a signature of test electrical measurements of a failed chip to one of several pre-determined root cause categories. An optimal decision rule that assigns a new incoming signature of a chip to a particular root cause category is employed such that the probability of misclassification is minimized. The problem of classifying patterns with missing data, outliers, collinearity, and non-normality are also addressed. The selected similarity metric in linear discriminant analysis, and the network topology, used in neural networks, result in a small number of misclassifications. An alternative classification scheme is based on the locations of failed chips on a wafer and their spatial dependence. In this case, we model the joint distribution of chips by a Markov random field, estimate its canonical parameters and use them as inputs for the artificial neural network that also classifies the patterns by matching them to the probable root causes.
Vertebral osteology in Delphinidae (Cetacea)

Vertebral anatomy in delphinid cetaceans exhibits marked heterogeneity. Description and functional interpretation of this variability is facilitated by the recognition of structural units along the column whose boundaries transgress those of the classical mammalian series. Vertebral anatomy of the killer whale (Orcinus orca) and the Atlantic whitesided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) lie near the ends of an anatomical continuum. Primitive columns resemble those of living delphinapterid delphinoids in exhibiting minimal intervertebral variation, low counts and spoolshaped vertebrae. Derived columns are more regionalized, displaying traits that limit mobility in the anterior torso, enhance flexibility at the point of neural spine syncliny and increase dorsoventral displacement of prefluke vertebrae. Reconstruction of the historical sequence of anatomical innovations identifies syncliny as an early and critical step in delphinid column evolution. Trait distribution supports evolutionary isolation of Pseudorca and Orcinus from remaining delphinids, inclusion of Feresa and Peponocephala among delphinine delphinids, and subdivision of delphinines on the basis of centrum dimensions, neural spine inclination and count. Details of vertebral anatomy can also be used to place fragmentary postcranial material, particularly that of fossils, in functional and evolutionary context. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 140, 383‐401.
Mechanisms of asymmetric cell division: two Bs or not two Bs, that is the question.

How sister cells can have different fates is a fundamental aspect of the problem of how cell diversity is generated during development. In principle, sister cells that aredifferent could be produced in two distinct ways. First, polar mother cells could divide to generate daughters that are different from the time they are formed. Alternatively, two identical sister cells could be generated and become different as a consequence of some later event. Consideration of these mechanisms raises immediate further questions: What causes a mother cell to be polar? How do initially identical sister cells become different? And in each case, how do initial differences in sister cells lead to their ultimately distinct fates? Answers to these questions would provide important insights into the mechanisms responsible for the control of development. In this review, we use the term “asymmetric cell division” to refer to any cell division in which sister cells have different fates. These distinct fates can be recognized by differences in size, shape, or in other morphological or biochemical features, or, if the sister cells are blast cells, by differences in their subsequent patterns of cell divisions and in the number and nature of the descendant cells they produce. Thus, if a cell division generates sister cells with distinct fates “A” and “B,” that division is considered to be asymmetric (Figure 1). By contrast, if a division generates sister cells with the same fate, e.g., 8, that division is symmetric. In short, the problem of asymmetric cell division is how a cell can divide to produce cells with distinct fates A and B instead of two cells that express the same fate B. As we use the term, an asymmetric cell division need not produce sister cells of different sizes and can produce initially identical cells with fates tllat differ as a consequence of subsequent cell interactions. Our current understanding of the mechanisms responsible for asymmetric cell division derives from a wide variety of experimental approaches using many different organisms. For example, classical observations of animal embryology established that specific regions of egg cytoplasm are partitioned to specific descendant cells that have distinct fates and also that certain substances are localized within the cytoplasm of the egg and can be differentially distributed to daughter cells. More recent studies involving micromanipulation or using a microelectrode to kill specific cells have revealed that cell interactions can cause sister cells to express different fates. Genes that Review
IMPROVED TECHNIQUE FOR ANAESTHESIA OF MACACA SPECIOSA WITH METHOHEXITONE SODIUM

SUMMARY Injection of methohexitone sodium, 5% w/v in 0·9 % saline, into the deltoid muscle at a dose of 16-17 mg/kg bodyweight was satisfactory for daily general anaesthesia of Macaca speciosa monkeys. Recent studies by Wallace, Johnson & Kenney (1972) and Johnson & Kenney (1972) have shown that in Macaca irus monkeys daily general anaesthesia by intramuscular injection of methohexitone sodium is a harmless procedure which quickly induces anaesthesia sufficient to allow intra-oral swabbing of the teeth and gingivae with chlorhexidine gluconate. We wished to use similar procedures using Macaca speciosa as a model system for human experimental gingivitis (Krygier, Genco, Mashimo & Hausmann, 1973) and this report describes an improved technique for methohexitone sodium anaesthesia in M. speciosa. Our experiment required daily anaesthesia over a period of 2 weeks. The protocol for methohexitone sodium anaesthesia described by Wallace et al. (1972) for adult male M. irus did not give optimal anaesthesia of our adult Table 1. Variations in metbohexitone sodium administration by injection to adult female Macaca speciosa.
Satellite and Buoy Observations of Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Variability in the Tropical Northeast Pacific

Tropical intraseasonal variability in the eastern North Pacific during June–September of 2000–03 is analyzed using satellite and buoy observations. Quick Scatterometer ocean vector winds and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation indicate that periods of anomalous surface westerly flow over the east Pacific warm pool during a summertime intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) life cycle are generally associated with an enhancement of convection to the east of 120°W. An exception is a narrow band of suppressed precipitation along 8°N that is associated with negative column-integrated precipitable water anomalies and anticyclonic vorticity anomalies. Periods of surface easterly anomalies are generally associated with suppressed convection to the east of 120°W. Summertime wind jets in the Gulfs of Tehuantepec and Papagayo exhibit heightened activity during periods of ISO easterly anomalies and suppressed convection. Strong variations in east Pacific warm pool wind speed occur in association with the summertime ISO. Anomalous ISO westerly flow is generally accompanied by enhanced wind speed to the east of 120°W, while anomalous easterly flow is associated with suppressed wind speed. Intraseasonal vector wind anomalies added to the climatological flow account for the bulk of the wind speed enhancement in the warm pool during the westerly phase, while the easterly phase shows strong contributions to the negative wind speed anomaly from both intraseasonal vector wind anomalies and suppressed synoptic-scale eddy activity. An analysis using Tropical Atmosphere Ocean buoys and TRMM precipitation suggests that wind–evaporation feedback is important for supporting summertime intraseasonal convection over the east Pacific warm pool. A statistically significant correlation of 0.6 between intraseasonal latent heat flux and precipitation occurs at the 12°N, 95°W buoy. Correlations between precipitation and latent heat flux at the 10°N, 95°W and 8°N, 95°W buoys are positive (0.4), but not statistically significant. Intraseasonal latent heat flux anomalies at all buoys are primarily wind induced. Consistent with the suppressed convection there during the ISO westerly phase, a negative but not statistically significant correlatio n( 0.3) occurs between precipitation and latent heat flux at the 8°N, 110°W buoy.
Performance evaluation of rollback-recovery techniques in computer programs

Rollback recovery is a backward error recovery technique used to recover from temporary faults in database and process control systems. Rollback in process control systems is generally constrained by deadlines, thereby requiring a dynamic insertion of rollback points. This is in contrast to rollback recovery in database systems in which rollback points are inserted at equidistant intervals. A simple model based on a semi-Markov process is developed to study the performance of rollback recovery strategies. Using this model, the mean program completion time is obtained for both database and process control systems when rollback recovery is implemented. The analytic results obtained by the semi-Markov model are compared with the simulation results by means of extensive computer simulations. >
Bayesian network anomaly pattern detection for disease outbreaks

Early disease outbreak detection systems typically monitor health care data for irregularities by comparing the distribution of recent data against a baseline distribution. Determining the baseline is difficult due to the presence of different trends in health care data, such as trends caused by the day of week and by seasonal variations in temperature and weather. Creating the baseline distribution without taking these trends into account can lead to unacceptably high false positive counts and slow detection times. This paper replaces the baseline method of (Wong et al., 2002) with a Bayesian network which produces the baseline distribution by taking the joint distribution of the data and conditioning on attributes that are responsible for the trends. We show that our algorithm, called WSARE 3.0, is able to detect outbreaks in simulated data with almost the earliest possible detection time while keeping a low false positive count. We also include the results of running WSARE 3.0 on real Emergency Department data
The effect of growth temperature on pulsed laser deposited (Ba, Sr)TiO3 thin films designed for pyroelectric far-infrared detector applications

Abstract Pulsed laser deposited (Ba, Sr)TiO3 (BST) thin ferroelectric films, developed for use in pyroelectric detectors, have been grown on single crystal SrTiO3 substrates at temperatures ranging from 580 to 780°C. Temperature-dependent capacitance-voltage measurements reveal Curie temperature shifts of more than 50 K. However the Curie temperature does not shift monotonically with growth temperature. With increasing deposition temperature, the BST films transform from amorphous to epitaxial. Within the epitaxial growth regime, an increase in deposition temperature results in an increase in crystalline column size. These structural changes alter both the type and magnitude of film stress, resulting in shifts in Curie temperature and, consequently, the optimal pyroelectric detector operating temperature.
Prosodic changes in aphasic speech: timing.

Controversy remains about the impairment of prosody in aphasia, particularly with regard to speech timing. This paper addresses this topic through an analysis of timing in four sets of a common morphological paradigm. The paradigm consisted of a basic form (stem) and two longer derived forms (e.g. zip, zipper, zippering). Normally, vowel durations are shorter in longer derived forms (e.g. zippering) than in the stem (e.g. zip), due to a process called ‘initial shortening’. Twelve patients with aphasia (four each Broca, Wernicke, and Anomic), and 11 age-matched healthy adults were assessed. Structural (CT) and functional brain imaging (PET) were available for all patients. While all groups showed initial shortening between the stem and the derived forms, the patients with Broca’s aphasia presented an inverse pattern between the two derived forms (longer initial vowel in ‘zippering’ than ‘zipper’), and the patients with Wernicke’s aphasia produced significantly longer vowel durations overall than the healthy participants. The results are related to radiological information regarding the location of structural and functional brain damage and relative preservation and loss of prosodic features in cerebral damage.
Network-based identification of smoking-associated gene signature for lung cancer

This study presents a novel computational approach to identifying a smoking-associated gene signature. The methodology contains the following steps: 1) identifying genes significantly associated with lung cancer survival, 2) selecting genes which are differentially expressed in smoker versus non-smoker groups from the survival genes, 3) from these candidate genes, constructing gene co-expression networks based on prediction logic for smokers and non-smokers, 4) identifying smoking-mediated differential components, i.e., the unique gene co-expression patterns specific to each group, and 5) from the differential components, identifying genes directly co-expressed with major lung cancer hallmarks. The identified 7-gene signature could separate lung cancer patients into two risk groups with distinct postoperative survival (log-rank P < 0.05, Kaplan-Meier analysis) in four independent cohorts (n=427). It also has implications in the diagnosis of lung cancer (accuracy = 74%) in a cohort of smokers (n=164). Computationally derived co-expression patterns were validated with Pathway Studio and STRING 8.
Expert system application to computer modeling of communication systems

Potential roles of knowledge-based systems in selecting techniques for communication-system modeling are discussed. An overview of several modeling issues and techniques are given, with attention to their applicability and potential restrictions with various channel-distortion models. The facility for integrated systems testing at the author's lab is used as a case study to illustrate expert system guidance in selecting specific simulation techniques that fit a set of user constraints, such as run-time efficiency and results accuracy. Potential extensions of knowledge-based systems in the regime of communications modeling are suggested. >
Adapting the Cultural Formulation for Clinical Assessments in Forensic Psychiatry

Even as forensic psychiatrists have increasingly contemplated the role of culture in forensic psychiatry, practical cultural evaluations remain an under-theorized area with scant research. Older conceptions of cultural competence may risk stereotyping the evaluee on the basis of perceived group characteristics. This article offers a revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV) Outline for Cultural Formulation for use in forensic psychiatry by adjusting its formal guidelines with recommendations from the forensic mental health literature. As a person-centered method of conducting the interview, the Cultural Formulation probes cultural explanations of identity, illness, social support, functioning, and interaction with the medical and legal systems. In line with other psychiatric subspecialties, future research in forensic psychiatry can examine the extent to which the Cultural Formulation helps trainees with cultural competence, reconfigures diagnosis and treatment, and alters legal outcomes such as length of sentence.
Wearing, Thinking, and Moving: Testing the Feasibility of Fitness Tracking with Urban Youth

Background: Wearable and mobile technologies are often used by people who wish to document their own health and lifestyle behaviors. The feasibility of health tracking among youth is unclear, particularly in low-resource communities where health strategies stand to have the greatest impact. Methods: Youth (n = 24) enrolled in an afterschool program in an urban school district were provided Fitbit physical activity monitors. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected over 6 months; logged data from Fitbit.com were examined to assess physical activity patterns and level engagement with the technology and focus groups were conducted to assess motivators and barriers to use. Results: Data logs revealed low continuous engagement that declined over time. Qualitative findings suggest that, when youth wore their devices, they noticed and engaged with their real-time device data in reflective ways. Some aspects of the device's form factor were problematic for these youth, and technology access, environmental...
LIHE Spectral Dynamics and Jaguar Data Acquisition System Measurement Assurance Results 2014.

The Light Initiated High Explosive (LIHE) facility performs high rigor, high consequence impulse testing for the nuclear weapons (NW) community. To support the facility mission, LIHE's extensive data acquisition system (DAS) is comprised of several discrete components as well as a fully integrated system. Due to the high consequence and high rigor of the testing performed at LIHE, a measurement assurance plan (MAP) was developed in collaboration with NW system customers to meet their data quality needs and to provide assurance of the robustness of the LIHE DAS. While individual components of the DAS have been calibrated by the SNL Primary Standards Laboratory (PSL), the integrated nature of this complex system requires verification of the complete system, from end-to-end. This measurement assurance plan (MAP) report documents the results of verification and validation procedures used to ensure that the data quality meets customer requirements.
Quantifying travel time variability at a single bottleneck based on stochastic capacity and demand distributions

ABSTRACTTravel time reliability, an essential factor in traveler route and departure time decisions, serves as an important quality of service measure for dynamic transportation systems. This article investigates a fundamental problem of quantifying travel time variability from its root sources: stochastic capacity and demand variations that follow commonly used log-normal distributions. A volume-to-capacity ratio-based travel time function and a point queue model are used to demonstrate how day-to-day travel time variability can be explained from the underlying demand and capacity variations. One important finding is that closed-form solutions can be derived to formulate travel time variations as a function of random demand/capacity distributions, but there are certain cases in which a closed-form expression does not exist and numerical approximation methods are required. This article also uses probabilistic capacity reduction information to estimate time-dependent travel time variability distributions u...
A New Puffball

The Gasteromycete described in this article appears to be the most abundant and widely distributed puffball at high altitudes in the western states. In the herbarium of the University of Cali? fornia specimens of this species had been confused with Calvatia sculpta (Hark.) Lloyd,1 and we had no suspicion that they might be a different species until an inquiry accompanied by a specimen arrived from Doctor P. F. Shope (1933) concerning a Rocky Mountain puffball which has an excessively branched capillitial thread. Prompted by his inquiry, we examined all our material labeled Calvatia sculpta, and found that over one-half of it had the same peculiar capillitium as the Colorado plant. During nine years, the writer has collected in many different localities many examples exhibiting the peculiarity mentioned as well as other characters in common.
Capillary Force Induced Elastic Deformation on ZnS Nanobeams

In this study, synthesized Wurtzite-structured ZnS nanobelts was investigated using high resolution transmission electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and scanning electron microscope for structural and morphology analyses. Results show that ZnS nanobelts are tens of microns in length, mostly ∼40×50 nm2 in width and thickness. The nanobelts grow along direction [001] and are dislocation free. The distance spacing for (001) plane is 3.19A. The capillary force was found strong enough to deform the ZnS nanobeam down to the substrate. Theoretical analysis on small strain elastic deformation was conducted. It was found that as the maximum beam deflection increases, beam elastic energy increases; in the meantime, the surface energy decreases. The net increase in elastic beam energy is less than the net decrease in the surface energy, resulting in total energy decrease. In addition, as the volume of liquid increases, for a certain maximum beam deflection, the total energy increases, this is result of the increase of the surface energy. Furthermore, for a specific nanobeam to be deflected to the underlying surface, the amount of liquid can be calculated.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Urban Mongols: The Flourishing of Multiple Identities in a Vibrant Ethnic Community

China's ethnopolitics are grounded in two contradictory philosophies that often give rise to competing policies: the upholding of the ethnic group as well as the individual's right to achieve prominence within the established social order. An individual's sense of ethnic belonging and national identification are affected by the degree to which these ideals—individual achievement verses group interests—are internalized. The issue of the relevant strength of Chinese nationalism as opposed to minority nationalism within a given group is largely unexplored territory. In this article, I focus on the various notions Hohhotian Mongols have about what constitutes ethnic integrity, proper friendship, styles of ethnic interaction, ethnic nationalism, multiple identification, and satisfactory historical remembrance. Specifically, I explore whether the criterion Mongols use to mark Mongolian identity changed with China's shift from an insular, work-unit redistributive system to a more fluid market-driven society.
O2 Protonation Controls Threshold Behavior for N-Glycosidic Bond Cleavage of Protonated Cytosine Nucleosides.

IRMPD action spectroscopy studies of protonated 2′-deoxycytidine and cytidine, [dCyd+H]+ and [Cyd+H]+, have established that both N3 and O2 protonated conformers coexist in the gas phase. Threshold collision-induced dissociation (CID) of [dCyd+H]+ and [Cyd+H]+ is investigated here using guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometry techniques to elucidate the mechanisms and energetics for N-glycosidic bond cleavage. N-Glycosidic bond cleavage is observed as the major dissociation pathways resulting in competitive elimination of either protonated or neutral cytosine for both protonated cytosine nucleosides. Electronic structure calculations are performed to map the potential energy surfaces (PESs) for both N-glycosidic bond cleavage pathways observed. The molecular parameters derived from theoretical calculations are employed for thermochemical analysis of the energy-dependent CID data to determine the minimum energies required to cleave the N-glycosidic bond along each pathway. B3LYP and MP2(full) computed act...
A New Multi-resistant Rice Germplasm Resources Xiangzaoxian 3 and HA79317-4

Using IR36 as the female parent to cross with the indica cultivar Guangjie 9,Xiangzaoxian 3 and HA79317-4,two early indica rice cultivars were bred by directive breeding for multi-resistance to diseases and insect pests.They show resistances to rice blast,bacterial blight,whitebacked planthopper,brown planthopper and good quality.They have also been used as the multi-resistance backbone parent of early indica rice breeding in Yangtze valley.Till 2003,27 rice varieties derived from Xiangzaoxian 3 and HA79317-4 in provinces such as Hunan,Jiangxi,Zhejiang,Jiangsu and Anhui,P.R. China.Their heredity of multi-resistance to diseases and insects is stronger and 23 new rice varieties show resistance,to be 85.2%,19 new rice varieties show multi-resistance,to be 82.6%.New derived varieties were popularized 5,880,600 hectares to Yangtze valley and have produed fine economic resuts in society.