cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Jets in d ( p ) − A collisions: Color transparency or energy conservation

The production of jets, and high momentum hadrons from jets, produced in deuteron-Au ($d$-Au) collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and proton-Pb ($p$-Pb) collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are studied as a function of centrality, a measure of the impact parameter of the collision. A modified version of the event generator pythia, widely used to simulate $p\ensuremath{-}p$ collisions, is used in conjunction with a nuclear Monte Carlo event generator which simulates the locations of the nucleons within a large nucleus. We demonstrate how events with a hard jet may be simulated, in such a way that the parton distribution function of the projectile is ``frozen'' during its interaction with the extended nucleus. Using our approach, we demonstrate that the puzzling enhancement seen in peripheral events at RHIC and the LHC, as well as the suppression seen in central events at the LHC, are possibly due to mis-binning of central and semicentral events, containing a jet, as peripheral events. This occurs due to the suppression of soft particle production away from the jet, caused by the depletion of energy available in a nucleon of the deuteron (in $d$-Au at RHIC) or in the proton (in $p$-Pb at LHC), after the production of a hard jet. We conclude that partonic correlations built out of simple energy conservation are responsible for such an effect, though these are sampled at the hard scale of jet production and, as such, represent smaller states.
The Facebook Digital Footprint: Paving Fair and Consistent Pathways to Civil Discovery of Social Media Data

Civil discovery of social media data has become a crucial part of many civil cases. But as litigants seize upon the wealth of personal information contained in the non-public portions of social media accounts, some courts afford little protection against broad discovery of all social media content, based on a simplistic notion that social media posts are meant to be shared. In some cases, courts even order users to give their passwords to opposing counsel. At the same time, other courts have taken an overly restrictive view of social media discovery, denying any discovery of privacy-protected data unless the requesting party demonstrates a factual predicate based on publicly available content.Both of these approaches are flawed. Users of social media must be afforded some protection from overly broad civil discovery. Courts cannot treat all social media data as if it is publicly available, thereby disregarding user-controlled privacy settings. Nor should courts allow those privacy settings to shield otherwise relevant content from discovery. This article presents a comprehensive framework for reining in overly broad social media discovery. First, courts must appreciate and treat differently the various types of data contained in a social media account. Second, courts must be wary of requiring a party to show a factual predicate based on publicly available social media content as a prerequisite for discovery. Rather, courts should treat social media data like other electronically stored information and require a particularized, narrow request for relevant material that is closely linked to important issues in the litigation. Lastly, notions of privacy must adapt to the changing ways people live their lives online. Privacy protection must be seen on a spectrum, and courts should recognize that granting unfettered access to a huge volume of social media data, in the aggregate, itself may constitute a valid privacy concern.
H∞-property of the discrete-time extended Kalman filter with stochastic ℓ2 disturbances

This work analyzes the energy gain of the discrete-time extended Kalman filter used as a nonlinear observer in the presence of stochastic l2 type disturbances to highlight another theoretical property of the ubiquitous extended Kalman filter. The stochastic analysis provides a bound on the ratio of estimation error energy to disturbance energy, which shows that along with being the locally optimal minimum variance estimator, the extended Kalman filter inherently has the H∞-property. A special case of this result is also shown to be the H2-property of the extended Kalman filter.
Medical Malpractice – Medicolegal Perspectives: Negligence, Causation

Perhaps, the key element in any medical malpractice lawsuit is the issue of causation. The burden on the plaintiff/patient is to prove his/her case by a preponderance of the evidence that the defendant/healthcare provider is both cause in fact and proximate cause of the injury claimed. This chapter details not only deals with the basic requirements for proof of causation but delves into the particularly difficult causation questions.
180$sup 0$ ELECTRON SCATTERING FROM $sup 3$He AND $sup 4$He AT 56 MeV.

The nuclear magnetic structure of $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ has been investigated by 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} scattering of 56.6-MeV electrons. The first observation of the $M1$ continuum in $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ from 6 to 20 MeV is reported. The $M1$ component of the breakup from $^{3}\mathrm{He}(e, {e}^{\ensuremath{'}})d, p$ together with $^{3}\mathrm{He}(e, {e}^{\ensuremath{'}})p, p, n$ has been measured and is discussed in light of possible isovector and isoscalar meson-exchange currents in the trinucleon system. The elastic magnetic form factor of $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ at $q=0.561$ ${\mathrm{fm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ is 0.80, giving a rms magnetic radius $a=1.94\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.19$ fm.
Revisiting the Myth New Evidence of a Polarized Electorate

This study uncovers strong evidence that polarization has developed in presidential candidate trait evaluations. Unlike for ideology or policy preferences, the distribution of trait evaluations has become increasingly bimodal and clustered toward the poles. This change stems in part from a more polarized choice set, but perceptions of candidate extremeness are asymmetric, with partisans perceiving the other party’s candidate, but not their own, as extreme. In addition, the increased salience of racial and moral issues helps explain trait polarization. Racial attitudes among Republicans have become both more conservative over time and more potent in explaining trait evaluations; among Democrats, racial attitudes have neither changed over time nor become more potent. Moral values among Democrats have grown more liberal over time and more potent in explaining trait evaluations. Among Republicans, however, moral values have not become more conservative, but have become a more potent predictor of trait evaluations. We discuss the implications of the emergence of trait polarization for understanding problematic features of contemporary American politics.
Reperfusion arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction

Twenty-seven patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), in whom infarct-related coronary artery was occluded and thrombolytic therapy or PTCA were performed, were studied. Reperfusion confirmed by immediate coronary angiography was achieved in 24 patients. Reperfusion arrhythmias (RA) occurred in 19(79.2%) of the patients, including ventricular arrhythmias in 13 (54.2%). Ventricular fibrillation (VF) and sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) developed in 2(8.4%), and accelerated idioventricular rhythm in 5(20.8%); the latter showed a reliable indicator of coronary artery recanalization. Transient sinus bradycardia or AV block occurred in 10 (66.7%) of the 15 patients with inferior-posterior MI, which was an indicator of recanalization of coronary artery and salvage of myocardium in inferior-posterior MI. The occurrence of RA was not correlated with the duration of ischemia; ventricular RA was not related to the location of AMI and the occurrence and severity of ischemic arrhythmias before reperfusion. The patients with RA were treated with ordinary antiarrhythmic therapy, VF and sustained VT in 2 patients were converted by electric defibrillation. No death related to RA occurred. RA couldn't be prevented by lidocaine.
Fasting-Mimicking Diet Reduces HO-1 to Promote T Cell-Mediated Tumor Cytotoxicity

Immune-based interventions are promising strategies to achieve long-term cancer-free survival. Fasting was previously shown to differentially sensitize tumors to chemotherapy while protecting normal cells, including hematopoietic stem and immune cells, from its toxic side effects. Here, we show that the combination of chemotherapy and a fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) increases the levels of bone marrow common lymphoid progenitor cells and cytotoxic CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), leading to a major delay in breast cancer and melanoma progression. In breast tumors, this effect is partially mediated by the downregulation of the stress-responsive enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). These data indicate that FMD cycles combined with chemotherapy can enhance T cell-dependent targeted killing of cancer cells both by stimulating the hematopoietic system and by enhancing CD8(+)-dependent tumor cytotoxicity.
Ostwald Ripening of β-Carotene Nanoparticles

Ostwald ripening, the interfacial-energy-driven dissolution and reprecipitation of solutes, becomes an increasingly significant problem for nanoparticle formulations. We present the first quantitative study of Ostwald ripening for nanoparticle dispersions. The Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner (LSW) theory of particle growth driven by diffusion is applied to study beta-carotene nanoparticles with sizes of O(100 nm) formed by our block-copolymer protected Flash Nanoprecipitation process. A numerical implementation of the LSW theory that accounts for the original particle size distribution is presented. The predicted particle sizes from the numerical simulation are compared with the experimental results measured by dynamical light scattering. The results show quantitative agreement with no adjustable parameters. The addition of antisolvent results in the reduction of the ripening rate by dramatically decreasing bulk solubility.
Dying in the hospital: Perspectives of family members

BackgroundAlthough most patients express a preference to die at home, many (over 30 percent) still die in hospital. This study's purpose was to explore the experience of hospital death from the per...
Telesatellite Policy and DBS, 1962–1984

The history of the Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) in the United States from 1962 to 1984 involves a paradox. The year 1962 was the one in which the Communications Satellite Act was passed. By 1984 most of America’s first DBS license holders either had failed to establish viable domestic systems or had given up their direct broadcasting plans altogether. It also was the year in which the United States withdrew from UNESCO - then the most troublesome and perhaps also the most vulnerable of UN agencies opposing US foreign communication policy.
Apolipoprotein E Genotype Linked to Spatial Gait Characteristics: Predictors of Cognitive Dual Task Gait Change.

Background Developing measures to detect preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease is vital, as prodromal stage interventions may prove more efficacious in altering the disease’s trajectory. Gait changes may serve as a useful clinical heuristic that precedes cognitive decline. This study provides the first systematic investigation of gait characteristics relationship with relevant demographic, physical, genetic (Apolipoprotein E genotype), and health risk factors in non-demented older adults during a cognitive-load dual task walking condition. Methods The GAITRite system provided objective measurement of gait characteristics in APOE-e4 “carriers” (n = 75) and “non-carriers” (n = 224). Analyses examined stride length and step time gait characteristics during simple and dual-task (spelling five-letter words backwards) conditions in relation to demographic, physical, genetic, and health risk factors. Results Slower step time and shorter stride length associated with older age, greater health risk, and worse physical performance (ps < .05). Men and women differed in height, gait characteristics, health risk factors and global cognition (ps < .05). APOE-e4 associated with a higher likelihood of hypercholesterolemia and overall illness index scores (ps < .05). No genotype-sex interactions on gait were found. APOE-e4 was linked to shorter stride length and greater dual-task related disturbances in stride length. Conclusions Stride length has been linked to heightened fall risk, attention decrements and structural brain changes in older adults. Our results indicate that stride length is a useful behavioral marker of cognitive change that is associated with genetic risk for AD. Sex disparities in motor decline may be a function of health risk factors.
Reaction Wheel Actuation for Improving Planar Biped Walking Efficiency

Reaction wheel systems (RWSs) are beneficial in improving bipedal walking stability, and theoretical work has shown that they can also improve the efficiency of preplanned walking motions. This work provides the first demonstration of RWS-related efficiency improvements on a physical robot and identifies the energy-saving paradigm. Gaits for a five-link planar biped are generated via trajectory optimization with and without reaction wheels. Comparisons of the resulting system behavior show a 5–10% efficiency advantage for robots with an RWS under typical walking conditions and a larger advantage near regions of marginal dynamic feasibility. The savings are mainly accomplished by enabling trajectories with better joint motor utilization, not by minimizing impact losses or acting as a kinetic energy recovery system. The RWS also improves centroidal angular momentum regulation, with the reduction in centroidal angular momentum amplitude reaching 30% at high speeds. Simulations and experiments with a five-link planar biped validate the efficiency improvements seen in optimization. This demonstrates the viability of using efficient inertial actuators to improve the efficiency of complex walking robots.
IMPS-40ENHANCED VERSIONS OF THE ANTI-EGFRvIII VACCINE REVEAL A POTENTIAL NEW PARADIGM FOR ANTIGEN RECOGNITION AND VACCINE OPTIMIZATION

An anti-EGFRvIII peptide vaccine for treating glioblastoma (Rindopepimut) has shown significant clinical potential, recently receiving Breakthrough Therapy Designation from the FDA. Interestingly, we created this vaccine before MHC binding principles were understood so the sequence was arbitrarily chosen and never optimized for immune response. X-ray diffraction of the EGFRvIII peptide reveals that it has structure, unusual for a 13 amino acid peptide, and the novel glycine at the junction, thought to be essential, is not critical for immune recognition. However, the glycine is at a hinge so we hypothesized this position is important for secondary structure. In our EGFRvIII/NIH-3T3 syngeneic tumor model, we tested substitution of the glycine by all 19 other amino acids, length variations, synthetic amino acids and deletion of the glycine (-Gly) (N = 16 or greater for 24 peptides tested). Several substitutions, including Ala, Val, Pro, show a >58% improved survival rate over Rindopepimut. Most substitutions were similar to Rindopepimut, but some, including His, Cys and -Gly, were comparable to control. All peptides elicited antibodies specific for EGFRvIII with a general trend towards high titer (>1:2x105) in the higher performing vaccines. CTL responses by Elispot revealed that the highest performing vaccines elicited a >42% increase in spots over Rindopepimut (p 19 cleavage products, including recombination to form a larger products at ∼2600Da. Rindopepimut produced ∼14 fragments with lower amounts of the 2600Da, while the poorest vaccines showed almost no cleavage and no 2600Da. Our results show that more robust vaccines against EGFRvIII can be produced, that 3D structure is important, and the vaccine shows unexpected complex processing. Further work is being performed to bring these vaccines to clinical trial.
Science Signaling Podcast for 25 October 2016: How glucocorticoids stimulate fat

This Podcast features an interview with Brian Feldman, author of a Research Article that appears in the 25 October 2016 issue of Science Signaling , about a secreted protein that inhibits the expansion of fat tissue in response to high-fat diet or glucocorticoids. Endogenous glucocorticoids play many roles in normal physiology, including the reduction of inflammation. Synthetic glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone are commonly used to treat inflammatory conditions, but long-term usage or high doses of these drugs cause obesity. Using a combination of primary mouse and human adipocytes, mice, and human volunteers, Wong et al . found that both overfeeding and dexamethasone treatment affected the abundance of the secreted protease ADAMTS1 in adipose tissue. ADAMTS1 stimulated a signaling pathway that increased adipocyte proliferation but inhibited adipocyte differentiation. Thus, ADAMTS1 links both diet and glucocorticoids to the balance between adipocyte proliferation and differentiation. [Listen to Podcast][1] [1]: http://podcasts.aaas.org/science_signaling/ScienceSignaling_161025.mp3
An Evolutionarily Conserved Mechanism for Activity-Dependent Visual Circuit Development

Neural circuit development is an activity-dependent process. This activity can be spontaneous, such as the retinal waves that course across the mammalian embryonic retina, or it can be sensory-driven, such as the activation of retinal ganglion cells by visual stimuli. Whichever the source, neural activity provides essential instruction to the developing circuit. Indeed, experimentally altering activity has been shown to impact circuit development and function in many different ways and in many different model systems. In this review we contemplate the idea that retinal waves in amniotes, the animals that develop either in ovo or utero (namely reptiles, birds, mammals) could be an evolutionary adaptation to life on land, and that the anamniotes, animals whose development is entirely external (namely the aquatic amphibians and fish), do not display retinal waves, most likely because they simply don’t need them. We then review what is known about the function of both retinal waves and visual stimuli on their respective downstream targets, and predict that the experience-dependent development of the tadpole visual system is a blueprint of what will be found in future studies of the effects of spontaneous retinal waves on instructing development of retinorecipient targets such as the superior colliculus and the lateral geniculate nucleus.
Sufficient Protein Quality of Food Aid Varies with the Physiologic Status of Recipients

Protein quality scores use the amino acid (AA) requirements of a healthy North American child. AA requirements vary with physiologic status. We estimated AA requirements for healthy North American children, children with environmental enteric dysfunction, children recovering from wasting, and children with an acute infection. The protein quality of food aid products was then calculated to determine whether it was sufficient in all these groups, and we found that it may not be adequate for all of them. Physiologic status is important when assessing the protein quality of food aid. Rates of weight gain from 8 published trials treating children with moderate acute malnutrition were abstracted, and protein quality scores from the corresponding food aid products were calculated with the use of the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS). Two DIAAS values were calculated, one in healthy children aged 1-3 y as a reference population and the other in malnourished children aged 1-3 y as a reference population. These data were used to calculate the best fit regression line between weight gain and protein quality. The slope of the regression line was greater when malnourished children were used as a reference population than when healthy children were used (0.128; 95% CI: 0.118, 0.138 compared with 0.097; 95% CI: 0.090, 0.105 measured in g · kg-1 · d-1 · DIASS U-1). These findings suggest that adjusting AA requirements for physiologic status may more accurately estimate the minimum protein quality of food aid products.
The Construction of Goshute Political Identity: Negotiation of Voice Regarding Nuclear Waste Policy Development

This article examines the relationship between political identity and voice through an analysis of conflict between members of the same Native American nation over the development of environmental policy. Grounding this study in the work of Paul Ricoeur and his theory of narrated identity, and using Senecah’s “Trinity of Voice” as an analytical framework, I examine communication and negotiation of voice among members of the Skull Valley Goshute tribe regarding the storing of nuclear waste on their reservation. I argue that tribal members’ identities are constructed through political narratives about voice (or lack thereof) complicating their sense of self and creating a complex forum for tribal nuclear waste policy development and decision-making. This article contributes to our theoretical understanding of political voice and identity, revealing its implications for nuclear waste policy development. Further, it provides a deeper understanding of the complexities of environmental conflicts within Native American communities.
2015 Survey of Journalism and Mass Communication Enrollments: Challenges and Opportunities for a Changing and Diversifying Field:

As with previous years, enrollments in journalism and mass communication programs in the United States have continued to decline. In 2015, such decline among undergraduate student enrollments was p...
Histology of mental and caudal courtship glands in three genera of plethodontid salamanders (Amphibia: Plethodontidae)

Salamanders in the family Plethodontidae exhibit a unique tail-straddle walk during courtship that can include the use of sexually dimorphic mental and caudal courtship glands. This study presents novel histological and fine structure data on mental glands and caudal courtship glands in Plethodon mississippi, Desmognathus conanti and Eurycea quadridigitata using both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. This study represents the first use of scanning electron microscopy to observe these glands. Both mental and caudal courtship glands were observed to vary seasonally in gland diameter and histology according to the breeding season of each species. Morphological variation was observed across the three species studied in both clustering and relative size of the glands compared to neighbouring mucous and granular glands. Hypertrophied mental glands are larger than mucous or granular glands in all species, but relationships among caudal courtship glands and other skin glands vary among species. In E. quadridigitata, active caudal courtship glands are larger than mucous and granular glands, but in D. conanti, caudal courtship glands are similar in size to granular glands and larger than mucous glands. In P. mississippi, caudal courtship glands are scattered among significantly larger granular glands and are similar in size to mucous glands.
Abstract 9441: Three-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography for Evaluating Left Ventricular Rotation: An in vitro Validation Study using a Rotational Phantom Model

Background: Left ventricular (LV) rotation provides an index of regional and global LV function. Two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking imaging (STI) has been used to calculate rotation, but is subject to computational errors due to through plane myocardial motion; 3D STI is not subject to such limitations. We qualitatively evaluated the accuracy of a new 3D wall-motion tracking program (3D-WMT) in terms of physiologically relevant degrees of LV rotation in a digitally controlled phantom. Methods: Eleven pig hearts with a fixed left ventricular volume of 60mL were passively rotated using a custom apparatus in a water bath. Each heart was mounted on a rotary actuator with the apex externally fixed to optimize the imaging angle and rotated at 0°, 3°, 5°, 7°, 10°, and 15°. Full-volume 3D image loops were acquired on a Toshiba Applio Artida™ ultrasound system. 3D-WMT values were compared to the angle of rotation of the phantom as defined by the actuator. Results: Linear regression between phantom rotation and 3D-WMT derived values demonstrated a strong correlation as rotation increased (R 2 = 0.93, P Conclusion: The Toshiba 3D-WMT program may be able to track LV rotation at physiologically relevant degrees of rotation.
Clay: Geologic Formations, Carbon Management, and Industry

The term clay is used interchangeably for the particles and the minerals, the latter commonly referred to as clay minerals to distinguish them from the clay particle size. Clay sediments are typically deposited in quiet-water environments, settling out as fine-grained mud, which may then be buried and lithified into shale. The quiet-water depositional environments are favorable for deposition of organic material as well, which over geologic time, may result in the shale becoming a source rock for petroleum and natural gas. Hydrocarbons have traditionally been produced from porous and permeable reservoir rock, where they had migrated from source rock and become concentrated in geologic traps. The recent development of “unconventional resources” like shale gas and tight oil has allowed hydrocarbons to be produced directly from the source rock. Conventional natural gas and oil reservoirs that have been depleted of hydrocarbons provide a viable option for secure carbon storage because there is a known trap and seal. CO2 can potentially be used for enhanced recovery of the hydrocarbons and for pressure management in shale, to minimize the loss of permeability that comes from increased net stress during drawdown. As a side note, natural clay-rich geomaterials can be used in agriculture, industrial processes, and for clay liners in chemical and radioactive waste disposal sites. The purpose of addressing geomaterials here is to give the readers an idea of the enormous breadth of each subject and point them toward other resources for additional information.
Pulse-shortening in recirculating planar magnetrons

Recent experiments on the UM Recirculating Planar Magnetron (RPM) [1], have utilized a 12-frame ultra-fast intensified CCD camera to analyze the effect of anode and cathode plasma formation on microwave pulse duration. The experiments were driven by MELBA-C, a Marx-Abramyan system, which delivers a −300 kV voltage pulse for 0.3-1.0 μs, with a 0.13-0.31 T axial magnetic field applied by a pair of electromagnets. The RPM was tested with both an S-band (2 GHz) and L-band (1 GHz) anode, as well as two different cathodes with substantially different thickness and end caps. A smaller anode-cathode gap, coupled with larger end-loss current, produced brighter plasma and allowed for improvements in temporal resolution of the imaging configuration. Many shots demonstrated a direct correlation between anode-plasma formation and a sharp reduction in RF power.
Impact of Low-Impact Development Technologies from an Ecological Perspective in Different Residential Zones of the City of Atlanta, Georgia

Abstract Low-impact development (LID) technologies have a great potential to reduce water usage and stormwater runoff and are therefore seen as sustainable improvements that can be made to traditional water infrastructure. These technologies include bioretention areas, rainwater capturing, and xeriscaping, all of which can be used in residential zones. Within the City of Atlanta, residential water usage accounts for 53% of the total water consumption; therefore, residential zones offer significant impact potential for the implementation of LID. This study analyzes the use of LID strategies within the different residential zones of the City of Atlanta from an ecological perspective by drawing analogies to natural ecosystems. The analysis shows that these technologies, especially with the addition of a graywater system, work to improve the conventional residential water network based upon these ecological metrics. The higher metric values suggest greater parity with healthy, natural ecosystems.
Constitutive Interferon Pathway Activation in Tumors as an Efficacy Determinant Following Oncolytic Virotherapy.

Background Attenuated measles virus (MV) strains are promising agents currently being tested against solid tumors or hematologic malignancies in ongoing phase I and II clinical trials; factors determining oncolytic virotherapy success remain poorly understood, however. Methods We performed RNA sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis to identify pathways differentially activated in MV-resistant (n = 3) and -permissive (n = 2) tumors derived from resected human glioblastoma (GBM) specimens and propagated as xenografts (PDX). Using a unique gene signature we identified, we generated a diagonal linear discriminant analysis (DLDA) classification algorithm to predict MV responders and nonresponders, which was validated in additional randomly selected GBM and ovarian cancer PDX and 10 GBM patients treated with MV in a phase I trial. GBM PDX lines were also treated with the US Food and Drug Administration-approved JAK inhibitor, ruxolitinib, for 48 hours prior to MV infection and virus production, STAT1/3 signaling and interferon stimulated gene expression was assessed. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Constitutive interferon pathway activation, as reflected in the DLDA algorithm, was identified as the key determinant for MV replication, independent of virus receptor expression, in MV-permissive and -resistant GBM PDXs. Using these lines as the training data for the DLDA algorithm, we confirmed the accuracy of our algorithm in predicting MV response in randomly selected GBM PDX ovarian cancer PDXs. Using the DLDA prediction algorithm, we demonstrate that virus replication in patient tumors is inversely correlated with expression of this resistance gene signature (ρ = -0.717, P = .03). In vitro inhibition of the interferon response pathway with the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib was able to overcome resistance and increase virus production (1000-fold, P = .03) in GBM PDX lines. Conclusions These findings document a key mechanism of tumor resistance to oncolytic MV therapy and describe for the first time the development of a prediction algorithm to preselect for oncolytic treatment or combinatorial strategies.
Treatment Applications for Psychological and Behavioral Problems of the Elderly in Nursing Homes

About 1.3 million elderly people currently live in some 18, 000 nursing homes in this country (Eustis, Greenberg, & Patten, 1984). Although this number represents only 5% of the population of elderly persons, it is misleading to think that nursing home placement is a concern for an insignificant portion of the aged population. Only 5% reside in nursing homes at any point in time, but the lifetime probability of placement in a nursing home is 25–30% (Lesnoff-Caravaglia, 1978–1979). That is, for those elderly who live into advanced old age, the odds of placement increase from 1 in 20 to 1 in 4. As the aging population steadily grows in size, with the “old-old” segment growing fastest, the absolute number of old people living in nursing homes will continue to increase well past the turn of the century. By 2050, if present trends continue, the number of institutionalized elderly people is expected to reach 5.2 million (Brody & Foley, 1985). There is no doubt that this group of physically frail elderly, has psychological problems that demand our attention, problems that present significant economic, social, and ethical dilemmas for families, caregivers, and professionals involved in their care.
α-SNS Produces the Slow TTX-Resistant Sodium Current in Large Cutaneous Afferent DRG Neurons

In this study, we used sensory neuron specific (SNS) sodium channel gene knockout (−/−) mice to ask whether SNS sodium channel produces the slow Na+current (“slow”) in large (>40 μm diam) cutaneous...
Device physics of organic electrochemical transistors

Abstract Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are thin-film transistors that have shown great promise in a range of applications including biosensing, logic circuits, and neuromorphic engineering. The device physics of OECTs are determined by the interaction between ionic and electronic charge carriers. This interaction sets OECTs apart from conventional transistor technologies and has necessitated the development of device models for the unique behavior of OECTs. In this Review, we discuss existing models for OECTs and provide a framework for understanding these models. Moreover, we show how the insight from these models inform device optimization. Finally, we discuss details of OECT operation that are not well-understood and that provide exciting opportunities for future research.
The Web's Sixth Sense: A Study of Scripts Accessing Smartphone Sensors

We present the first large-scale measurement of smartphone sensor API usage and stateless tracking on the mobile web. We extend the OpenWPM web privacy measurement tool to develop OpenWPM-Mobile, adding the ability to emulate plausible sensor values for different smartphone sensors such as motion, orientation, proximity and light. Using OpenWPM-Mobile we find that one or more sensor APIs are accessed on 3695 of the top 100K websites by scripts originating from 603 distinct domains. We also detect fingerprinting attempts on mobile platforms, using techniques previously applied in the desktop setting. We find significant overlap between fingerprinting scripts and scripts accessing sensor data. For example, 63% of the scripts that access motion sensors also engage in browser fingerprinting. To better understand the real-world uses of sensor APIs, we cluster JavaScript programs that access device sensors and then perform automated code comparison and manual analysis. We find a significant disparity between the actual and intended use cases of device sensor as drafted by W3C. While some scripts access sensor data to enhance user experience, such as orientation detection and gesture recognition, tracking and analytics are the most common use cases among the scripts we analyzed. We automated the detection of sensor data exfiltration and observed that the raw readings are frequently sent to remote servers for further analysis. Finally, we evaluate available countermeasures against the misuse of sensor APIs. We find that popular tracking protection lists such as EasyList and Disconnect commonly fail to block most tracking scripts that misuse sensors. Studying nine popular mobile browsers we find that even privacy-focused browsers, such as Brave and Firefox Focus, fail to implement mitigations suggested by W3C, which includes limiting sensor access from insecure contexts and cross-origin iframes. We have reported these issues to the browser vendors.
To risk or derisk the soul of the university? The peril in educational globalization

ABSTRACTEducational globalization is taking place amid the competing narratives of hyperglobalization and deglobalization. This article shows that these narratives fail to capture what is really happening. Aggregate empirical data for the period since the 2008 financial crisis evidence neither an appreciable rise nor a substantial decline in the overall level of globalization. Against this backdrop, a grid of risks that market-based university reforms pose to the soul of the university can be garnered from five scholars’ comments on the author of this article’s book Implausible Dream: The World-Class University and Repurposing Higher Education. The risk factors are bracketed under the following headings: control mechanisms and diminishing reflexivity, misrule, numerical governance, the ethos of competitiveness, and the conventional organization of knowledge. This calculus of risks has important implications for crafting strategies for derisking the core purposes of higher education institutions. They revo...
Improving the cycle life of cryptomelane type manganese dioxides in aqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries: The effect of electrolyte concentration

Abstract Rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) have many advantages such as high abundance and low cost of Zn, as well as safer battery chemistry in aqueous electrolytes. Cryptomelane-type manganese dioxides (α-MnO2s) are promising cathodes for ZIBs due to their high theoretical capacity, voltage, and abundance. However, α-MnO2 suffers from severe capacity fading as the battery is put through extended charge-discharge cycles. Here, we show that galvanostatic cycling performance of α-MnO2 can significantly be improved at ZnSO4 concentrations below 0.2 M. Low-electrolyte concentrations demonstrated higher discharge capacities and capacity retentions at long battery cycling tests. At 0.1 M ZnSO4, α-MnO2 delivered 62 and 103 mAh/g capacities with 0.3 A/g rate at the 1st and 100th cycles, respectively (166% retention). At a higher charge/discharge rate of 0.9 A/g, α-MnO2 delivered 85 mAh/g capacity at the 500th cycle, where the retention was 167% with respect to the 1st cycle in 0.1 M ZnSO4. On the other hand, at high electrolyte concentrations (>1.0 M), the capacity retentions were below 30% and discharge capacities were below 60 mAh/g after 100 cycles. Better electrochemical performance of α-MnO2 at low electrolyte concentrations is attributed to the suppression of cathode dissolution and the mitigation of the formation of impurity phases such as ZnMn2O4 and ZnMn3O7·xH2O.
Single IRBs Are Responsible to Ensure Consent Language Effectively Conveys the Local Context.

This case illustrates a challenge that will become more common as the use of single institutional review boards (IRBs) for the review of multisite research increases: specifically, how best to hand...
Trends in the Use of Common Words and Patient-Centric Language in the Titles of Medical Journals, 1976-2015.

Importance The language of medical research appears to be intrinsically tied to the culture of medical research and provides a unique window into broader trends in the culture of medicine. Objective To analyze medical language from 5 premier medical journals and investigate broader changes in the culture of clinical investigation during the last 40 years. Design, Setting, and Participants In this qualitative study using a data-driven analysis, 302 293 PubMed records were extracted fromJAMA,The Lancet,Annals of Internal Medicine, theBMJ, andNew England Journal of Medicinefrom January 1, 1976, through December 31, 2015, to identify key trends in medical language. A frequency analysis was applied across the 40-year time frame inJAMAto assess the major trends in all publication types. Patient-centered language was analyzed in clinical trials in the flanking time periods (1976-1980 and 2011-2015) across the 5 journals. Data were analyzed from November 16, 2016, through November 9, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Increasing or decreasing frequency of words (monograms) and word pairs (bigrams) and the proportion of patient-centric words in journal article titles. Results InJAMA, 50 277 articles of all publication types were included. In the frequency analysis, the most increased terms were reflective of the language of epidemiological research. The bigram analysis revealed a decline in causal language (−2.42/100 000 words to −2.03/100 000 words; false discovery rate [FDR], Conclusions and Relevance Trends in medical language reflect the rise of evidence-based medicine, a shift in focus from individuals to populations, and a separation of patient and disease. Data-driven analysis of medical language provides a unique window into the changing landscape of medical culture.
Fractures and Subsequent Graft Loss and Mortality among Older Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Objectives Older adults who undergo kidney transplantation (KT) are living longer with a functioning graft and are at risk for age-related adverse events including fractures. Understanding recipient, transplant, and donor factors and the outcomes associated with fractures may help identify older KT recipients at increased risk. We determined incidence of hip, vertebral, and extremity fractures; assessed factors associated with incident fractures; and estimated associations between fractures and subsequent death-censored graft loss (DCGL) and mortality. Design This was a prospective cohort study of patients who underwent their first KT between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2014. Setting We linked data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients to Medicare claims through the US Renal Data System. Participants The analytic population included 47 815 KT recipients aged 55 years or older. Measurements We assessed the cumulative incidence of and factors associated with post-KT fractures (hip, vertebral, or extremity) using competing risks models. We estimated risk of DCGL and mortality after fracture using adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Results The 5-year incidence of post-KT hip, vertebral, and extremity fracture for those aged 65 to 69 years was 2.2%, 1.0%, and 1.7%, respectively. Increasing age was associated with higher hip (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.37 per 5-y increase; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30-1.45) and vertebral (aHR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.20-1.42) but not extremity (aHR = .97; 95% CI = .91-1.04) fracture risk. DCGL risk was higher after hip (aHR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.12-1.60) and extremity (aHR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.08-1.57) fracture. Mortality risk was higher after hip (aHR = 2.31; 95% CI = 2.11-2.52), vertebral (aHR = 2.80; 95% CI = 2.44-3.21), and extremity (aHR = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.64-2.10) fracture. Conclusion Our findings suggest that older KT recipients are at higher risk for hip and vertebral fracture but not extremity fracture; and those with hip, vertebral, or extremity fracture are more likely to experience subsequent graft loss or mortality. These findings underscore that different fracture types may have different underlying etiologies and risks, and they should be approached accordingly. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1680-1688, 2019.
Stylistics on the Linguistics Text Applied in a Social Approach to Get a Certain Goal

The stylistics on the linguistics has an important role in the text applied. The social approach is one way how to get a certain goal. In this case, the brilliant solution to solve the problem based on the new method and procedure that can we did. For the public person in the word, the common way can not be avoided a social behavior as well as the community interaction. The current paper explained and explore how it can be done based on a certain way. Of course, the basic concept should be maintained, therefore, in solving the problem those are two principle concept must be had. The first is a success and the second is study.
Phenytoin Serum Concentrations in Patients With Left Ventricular Support Devices: A Case Series:

Purpose:Achieving therapeutic levels of phenytoin is critical to its efficacy and safety. Free serum levels represent pharmacologically active phenytoin due to the high protein binding of the drug....
An Experimental Validation of Behavior-Based Motions for Robotic Coronary Guidewire Crossing Techniques

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is a non-surgical approach used to open narrowed coronary arteries and restore arterial blood flow to heart tissue. During a PCI procedure, the clinician uses X-ray fluoroscopy to visualize and guide the catheter, guidewire, and other devices (e.g. angioplasty balloons and stents). Robot-assisted PCI could potentially reduce the radiation exposure of operators and provide a more ergonomic workflow. However, modeling and controlling of the guidewire remains challenging because of the interplay of guidewire motions, the tip properties (e.g., loads, coating), and the local cross-sectional area of the vessel lumen (e.g, stenosis) and results in a highly non-linear system. Thus, robot-assisted PCI devices are still passively controlled by human operators at the cockpit. In this paper, we introduce methods to generate distal guidewire motions that take advantage of the fast response of a robotic system and which may be difficult to generate by a human hand. The fundamental motions that a robot can use to control the movement and direction of the guidewire are rotation and pushing/retracting, from the proximal end of the guidewire outside the insertion point on the patient’s body. We begin by investigating combinations of these fundamental motions under structured environmental settings and conduct a systematic empirical comparison of task completion time for a given setting. We then demonstrate improved dynamic behavior motions for a soft guidewire, which shows a promising speed-up by \(33\%\) and \(44\%\) for two difficult stenosis cases.
Deficiencies in Ophthalmology Residents' Case Logging of Glaucoma Surgery.

Unstructured Abstract Among 880 glaucoma surgeries with a resident involved, 54% of cases were logged, 79% of logged cases were logged using the correct CPT code, and 56% of logged surgeries were logged as primary surgeon.
When the Going Gets Tough... The Critical Role of IT Governance in Turbulent Times

When the Going Gets Tough… The Critical Role of IT Governance in Turbulent Times Findings from Multi-industry Case Studies September 27, 2004 Researchers Professor Paul P. Tallon Carroll School of Management Boston College 140 Commonwealth Avenue Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3808 Tel: (617) 552-4277 Fax: (617) 552-0433 Email: paul.tallon@bc.edu Professor Kenneth L. Kraemer CRITO Consortium 3200 Berkeley Place North University of California Irvine, CA 92697 kkraemer@uci.edu Sponsors www.crito.uci.edu Boston College Please do not publicly cite without the express written permission of the author. © 2004
The exit-wave power-cepstrum transform for scanning nanobeam electron diffraction: robust strain mapping at subnanometer resolution and subpicometer precision.

Abstract Scanning nanobeam electron diffraction (NBED) with fast pixelated detectors is a valuable technique for rapid, spatially resolved mapping of lattice structure over a wide range of length scales. However, intensity variations caused by dynamical diffraction and sample mistilts can hinder the measurement of diffracted disk centers as necessary for quantification. Robust data processing techniques are needed to provide accurate and precise measurements for complex samples and non-ideal conditions. Here we present an approach to address these challenges using a transform, called the exit wave power cepstrum (EWPC), inspired by cepstral analysis in audio signal processing. The EWPC transforms NBED patterns into real-space patterns with sharp peaks corresponding to inter-atomic spacings. We describe a simple analytical model for interpretation of these patterns that cleanly decouples lattice information from the intensity variations in NBED patterns caused by tilt and thickness. By tracking the inter-atomic spacing peaks in EWPC patterns, strain mapping is demonstrated for two practical applications: mapping of ferroelectric domains in epitaxially strained PbTiO3 films and mapping of strain profiles in arbitrarily oriented core-shell Pt-Co nanoparticle fuel-cell catalysts. The EWPC transform enables lattice structure measurement at sub-pm precision and sub-nm resolution that is robust to small sample mistilts and random orientations.
Glenoid Reaction to Biocomposite and PEEK Suture Anchors Following Arthroscopic Labral Repairs

Objectives:Biocomposite and all-suture suture anchors have been shown to cause reactive changes in the humerus and glenoid when used for arthroscopic rotator cuff and glenoid labrum repairs. The pu...