cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Letter by Chatterjee and Chakraborty regarding article, "Mortality and readmission of patients with heart failure, atrial fibrillation, or coronary artery disease undergoing noncardiac surgery: an analysis of 38 047 patients".

regarding effect of coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure (bothischemic and nonischemic), and atrial fibrillation (AF) on mortalityand readmission rates after noncardiac surgery. The well-writtenarticle attempts to identify perioperative risk factors beyond that ofthe well-known CAD by using a nested case-control study. However,a few interesting points arise from the analysis that we feel may bepertinent.First, patients with nonischemic heart failure had the highestunadjusted 30-day mortality and readmission rates for the cohort.This seems a little counterintuitive, because rates of mortality withnonischemic heart failure, especially after optimal therapy, havebeen reported to be lower than with ischemic heart failure.
Research on Clamping Body of the Hydraulic Climbing System of Caliper Type

To investigate the appropriate inclined angles, spacing between caliper and square steel satisfying the requirement of caliper switching mechanism and the appropriate tooth parameters, the relation of inclined angles of caliper and meshing force is analyzed. And the hardness parameters of caliper and square steel are also analyzed. The appropriate tooth parameters are determined based on hardness parameters of caliper and square steel and tooth parameters of caliper.
Comments on ``Measuring Parity''

From historical odds Cain and Haddock assign the probability of a tie at 25% and offer functional forms for the standard deviation of a league with equal chances of a win for each team under different point assignment schemes. They then track the ratio of actual to these idealized standard deviations and argue against using an approximation that assigns half a win to both teams in a tie game or match. Their article contains some confusing use of nomenclature and there are some important lapses in scholarship. But perhaps more important, they ignore the fact (after acknowledging it) that if one uses percentages rather than absolute points, their measures of competitive balance are invariant to the point system actually used. Although their point is well-taken for competitive balance questions where absolute points might prove informative, for other competitive balance questions their point is not.
Quality of Spaghetti Made from Full and Partial Waxy Durum Wheat

ABSTRACT The waxy character is achieved in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) when the granule-bound starch synthase activity is eliminated. The result is a crop that produces kernels with no amylose in the starch. The presence of two Waxy loci in tetraploid wheat permits the production of two partial waxy wheat genotypes. Advanced full and partial waxy durum wheat genotypes were used to study the effect of waxy null alleles on pasta quality. Semolina from full and partial waxy durum wheats was processed into spaghetti with a semicommercial-scale extruder, and pasta quality was evaluated. Cooked waxy pasta was softer and exhibited more cooking loss than pasta made from traditional durum cultivars. These features were attributed to lower setback of waxy starch as measured with the Rapid Visco Analyser. High cooking loss may be due to the lack of amylose-protein interaction, preventing the formation of a strong protein network and permitting exudates to escape. Waxy pasta cooked faster but was le...
Mapping Viral DNA Specificity to the Central Region of Integrase by Using Functional Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1/Visna Virus Chimeric Proteins

We previously described the construction and analysis of the first set of functional chimeric lentivirus integrases, involving exchange of the N-terminal, central, and C-terminal regions of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and visna virus integrase (IN) proteins. Based on those results, additional HIV-1/visna virus chimeric integrases were designed and purified. Each of the chimeric enzymes was functional in at least one oligonucleotide-based IN assay. Of a total of 12 chimeric IN proteins, 3 exhibit specific viral DNA processing, 9 catalyze insertion of viral DNA ends, 12 can reverse that reaction, and 11 are active for nonspecific alcoholysis. Functional data obtained with the processing assay indicate that the central region of the protein is responsible for viral DNA specificity. Target site selection for nonspecific alcoholysis again mapped to the central domain of IN, confirming our previous data indicating that this region can position nonviral DNA for nucleophilic attack. However, the chimeric proteins created patterns of viral DNA insertion distinct from that of either wild-type IN, suggesting that interactions between regions of IN influence target site selection for viral DNA integration. The results support a new model for the functional organization of IN in which viral DNA initially binds nonspecifically to the C-terminal portion of IN but the catalytic central region of the enzyme has a prominent role both in specific recognition of viral DNA ends and in positioning the host DNA for viral DNA integration.
Denial-of-service resistant multicast authentication protocol with prediction hashing and one-way key chain

Requirements that need to be met by multicast authentication schemes are packet authenticity, packet loss robustness, loss model independence, and denial of service (DoS) resistance. We develop an efficient multicast authentication scheme for real-time streaming applications that is resistant to denial-of-service attacks while consuming much less resources (CPU and buffer) at receivers compared to previously proposed schemes. This scheme utilizes prediction hashing (PH) and one-way key chain (OKC) techniques based on erasure codes and distillation codes. PH and OKC techniques enable the receiver to significantly reduce the CPU overhead and buffer requirements compared to other block-based solution approaches. Analysis conducted indicates that this new scheme consumes much less CPU time and buffer space than one of the recently proposed denial-of-service (DoS) resistant multicast authentication schemes, pollution resistant authenticated block streams (PRABS) (Karlof et al., 2004), by a factor of more than 5 for buffer requirement and 3 for CPU requirement.
Education: A Key to Fluoridation Compliance

This descriptive study reviews the pre- and post- seminar compliance for water plant operators with regard to water fluoridation. The Illinois Department of Public Health conducted eight workshops with 198 participants representing 91 water facilities. These workshops provided a basic course in water fluoridation. Monthly water sample results were studied six months prior and subsequent to the seminar. The mean compliance levels showed a statistically significant increase at p = 0.05 after the seminar. For subgroups there were statistically significant (p<0.05) differences of the mean for facilities requiring a class C water plant operator, facilities adding hydrofluosilicic acid, and operators in communities serving more than 10,000 people. Discussion of the variables and their possible influence on the outcome is elaborated. For the maintenance of proper levels of fluoride, states may want to consider providing an ongoing level of education for the water plant operators.
Bipolar logic and bipolar fuzzy logic - a unification of truth, fuzziness, and bipolarity

It is observed that bipolar equilibrium is truth. Bipolarity like fuzziness, as an integral part of truth, is inseparable from the truth. It is argued that Boolean logic and its extensions cannot be directly used to represent and reason with the coexistence of bipolar truth. A crisp bipolar combinational logic BCL/sub I/ and its fuzzy counterpart BCL/sub F/ are proposed for bipolar modeling based on the ancient Chinese Yin-Yang philosophy. The new family of logical systems is distinguished from other models. Bipolar zero-order completeness and 1st-order soundness are proved with a Hilbert style proof theory based on unipolar axioms and rules of inference. In addition, the lair's case in the ancient paradox is redressed.
Enveloping users and computers in a collaborative 3D augmented reality

We present EMMIE (Environment Management for Multiuser Information Environments), a prototype experimental user interface to a collaborative augmented environment. Users share a 3D virtual space and manipulate virtual objects that represent information to be discussed. We refer to EMMIE as a hybrid user interface because it combines a variety of different technologies and techniques, including virtual elements such as 3D widgets, and physical objects such as tracked displays and input devices. See-through head-worn displays overlay the virtual environment on the physical environment, visualizing the pervasive "virtual ether" within which all interaction occurs. Our prototype includes additional 2D and 3D displays, ranging from palm-sized to wall-sized, allowing the most appropriate one to be used for any task. Objects can be moved among displays (including across dimensionalities) through drag-and-drop. In analogy to 2D window managers, we describe a prototype implementation of a shared 3D environment manager that is distributed across displays, machines, and operating systems. We also discuss two methods we are exploring for handling information privacy in such an environment.
A model for estimating agile project process and schedule acceleration

Accelerating development schedules is increasingly important in a competitive world. Reduced time-to-market is a key response to competitive threats in the commercial sphere, and rapid response in deploying military systems may save lives in a geopolitical environment characterized by rapidly emerging and ever-changing physical threats. Agile/lean development methodologies show promise in providing the desired schedule acceleration, but it can be difficult for planners to determine the effects of these factors on schedule duration, and to make appropriate choices to optimize project performance. The Constructive Rapid Application Development Model (CORADMO) attempts to quantify the effects of key schedule drivers, and thus enable planners to estimate the relative schedule that will result from varying these parameters.
Recent Developments in Low Power and Broadcasting Transmitters

Various types of radio transmitting equipments are described, ranging in output from 200 to 2000 watts. The application of master-oscillator power-amplifier circuits for low-and medium-frequency transmitters is explained, and the uses of quartz crystal control for high-frequency and broadcast transmitters are described. A brief explanation is also given of the equi-signal system of radio beacon transmission, which promises to become an important aid in the navigation of aircraft.
Can Listeners Hear Who Is Singing? The Role of Familiarity

Summary Objective/Hypothesis This study sought to determine whether familiarity with voices increases discrimination of voices across pitch intervals. Study Design This is a between-group design. Methods This study used a forced-choice paradigm where listeners heard two different singers (singer 1 and singer 2) producing /ɑ/ at the identical pitch and an unknown singer (either singer 1 or singer 2) producing /ɑ/ at a different pitch. Listeners had to identify which singer was the unknown singer. Two baritones and two tenors were recorded producing /ɑ/ at the pitches C3, E3, G3, B3, D4, and F4. Two sopranos and two mezzo-sopranos were recorded producing /ɑ/ at the pitches C4, E4, G4, B4, D5, and F5. For each group of stimuli, male and female, all possible pairs of singers were constructed for the lowest pitch (C2 or C3, respectively) and for the highest pitch (F4 or F5, respectively). The unknown singer was varied across the remaining pitches. Participants in group 1 completed a training session where they were familiarized with the voices being tested. Participants in group 2 did not. Results Training did not significantly improve the ability to discriminate voices when the voices being compared were of the same voice category. However, training did significantly improve the ability to discriminate voices when the voices being compared were of different voice categories even when training lasted as little as 5 minutes. Conclusions Small amount of exposure to human voices results in voice category formation but does not result in the formation of models of individual voices.
Simultaneous Determination of Aegeline and Six Coumarins from Different Parts of the Plant Aegle marmelos Using UHPLC-PDA-MS and Chiral Separation of Aegeline Enantiomers Using HPLC-ToF-MS

A fast UHPLC-PDA method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of one alkaloid, aegeline, and six coumarins, viz., umbelliferone, scopoletin, marmesinin, 8-hydroxypsoralen, angelicin, and marmelosin, from the leaf, fruit, root, and bark of Aegle marmelos. The UHPLC method was validated for linearity, accuracy, repeatability, limits of detection and limits of quantification. The linearity range (r(2) > 0.99) of the seven compounds was found to be 0.5-250 µg/mL, and the limits of detection and limits of quantification for the seven compounds were found to be 0.1 and 0.5 µg/mL, respectively. The developed UHPLC method is simple, fast, and especially suitable for quality control analysis of coumarins and aegeline from A. marmelos and commercial dietary supplements. Single quadrupole mass spectrometry was used for the identification and confirmation of coumarins and aegeline from different plant parts and dietary supplements. In addition, a novel chiral HPLC-ToF-MS method was developed for the resolution of aegeline enantiomers. By applying this chiral method, the distribution of enantiomers of aegeline from different parts of A. marmelos and aegeline-containing dietary supplements is reported for the first time.
What do Zielske's Real Data Really Show about Pulsing?:

A spaced advertising schedule is much more dollar-effective than a massed (pulsed) schedule, according to this reanalysis of the experimental data developed by Pomerance and Zielske. This finding i...
Development of a portable synchronous clock with high precision based on GPS and FPGA

The testing method of actual clock-synchronism precision for the electric power automation equipments has became a important research item along with the widespread application of GPS synchronous clock in electrical power system.A portable synchronous clock is developed based on high precision GPS receiver and Field-Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) technology.This paper describes the design principle and application methods of this device.This device can record the absolute occurring time of external event and output pulse according to the setting time.Its power supply is rechargeable battery.This device can be applied to the clock-synchronism precision test for microcomputer-based protection,fault recorder and so on.It has the characteristic of high precision and good practicality.
Have you looked in the mirror--what do you see?

"... And What About You?" is a regular column in Advanced Practice Nursing Quarterly featuring multiple facets of personal and career development. This column will provide tools and strategies to support the continual learning that is vital for self management of one's personal growth and career development.
SU-F-T-242: A Method for Collision Avoidance in External Beam Radiation Therapy

Purpose: We proposed a method for collision avoidance (CA) in external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). The method encompasses the analysis of all positions of the moving components of the beam delivery system such as the treatment table and gantry, including patient specific information obtained from the CT images. This method eliminates the need for time-consuming dry-runs prior to the actual treatments. Methods: The QA procedure for EBRT requires that the collision should be checked prior to treatment. We developed a system capable of a rigorous computer simulation of all moving components including positions of the couch and gantry during the delivery, position of the patients, and imaging equipment. By running this treatment simulation it is possible to quantify and graphically represent all positions and corresponding trajectories of all points of the moving parts during the treatment delivery. The development of the workflow for implementation of the CA includes several steps: a) derivation of combined dynamic equation of motion of the EBRT delivery systems, b) developing the simulation model capable of drawing the motion trajectories of the specific points, c) developing the interface between the model and the treatment plan parameters such as couch and gantry parameters for each field. Results: The patient CT images were registered to the treatment couch so the patient dimensions were included into the simulation. The treatment field parameters were structured in the xml-file which was used as the input into the dynamic equations. The trajectories of the moving components were plotted on the same graph using the dynamic equations. If the trajectories intersect that was the signal that collision exists. Conclusion: This CA method was proved to be effective in the simulation of treatment delivery. The proper implementation of this system can potentially improve the QA program and increase the efficacy in the clinical setup.
Equal Respect in Political and Economic Associations

In the previous chapter, I argued that coercion accounts fail to provide compelling reasons to believe that duties of distributive justice to non-compatriots are either less weighty or less demanding in content than duties to compatriots. Now, some philosophers who affirm that duties of justice are owed to persons across state borders base their view on an account of justice that takes its requirements to be largely uniform between persons and not affected by their membership in political or economic associations. Others maintain, on the contrary, that membership affects the requirements. Call this thesis membership dependence. Membership dependence holds that the requirements of justice between persons are affected by associational membership either because the content of the duties is in some part membership dependent, or because the strength of the duties is. Membership dependence is affirmed by some egalitarian liberals as a pivotal thesis in an argument in defense of the claim that duties of distributive justice to non-compatriots are not egalitarian, even though duties to compatriots are. Call this non-compatriot non-egalitarianism. Coercion accounts are versions of non-compatriot non-egalitarianism. One strategy for rejecting non-compatriot non-egalitarianism is to reject membership dependence.
The New Hope

In 1946, Britain’s vice-like grip over its colonies began to loosen. Thoroughly exhausted by the war, which by the end of the conflict had consumed over half the country’s Gross National Product (GNP), the United Kingdom was a ravaged land, if not one as thoroughly devastated as its continental neighbors. Unlike during the First World War, this time around Great Britain had been forced to cannibalize its own resources and thus had a weak hand with which to rebuild, a troubling scenario when faced with the reality of the loss of 30 percent of its total housing, 3.5 million homes in London alone.1 Combined with ceaseless pressure from the Americans to give up its overseas possessions, Britain no longer possessed the will nor the way to maintain its empire.
A study of advanced technique on RC-triggered NMOSFET power clamp

We analyzed the relation of ESD robustness of the RC-triggered MOSFET Power Clamp to the Gate voltage and Well voltage. If Gate voltage is suppressed low with Well bias applied, the current concentration is avoided, and IT2 increases so that the ESD robustness target can be achieved. By this technology, HBM>2000V, MM>200V and Automobile Specification Transient Latch-up of over 200V performances are achieved by the 990 um size Discharge NMOS per Power domain.
The Efficacy of Collaboration: Tibetan Medicine Across Countries and Conversations

First delivered as a plenary lecture at the ICTAM VIII congress in September 2013 in South Korea, this paper discusses two interdisciplinary and collaborative workshops focusing on Tibetan medicine (also known as Sowa Rigpa) in contemporary contexts. The first event, which took place in December 2011, brought together nearly 40 practitioners of Sowa Rigpa from the greater Himalaya and Tibetan regions of the People’s Republic of China ( PRC ), along with four anthropologists, for intensive, interactive discussions on pharmacology by making medicines together. The second event, which took place in October 2012 in Xining, Qinghai Province, PRC , involved practitioners, educators, and researchers from the Arura Group, one of the leading Tibetan medicine institutions in the PRC , with researchers from the United States, Europe, and TAR (Tibet Autonomous Region) for in-depth discussions about integrative clinical research and the place of the humanities and social sciences in the study of traditional medicines. Both events were supported, directly or indirectly, by the International Association for the Study of Traditional Asian Medicine ( IASTAM ), and abided in spirit with the mission of this organisation, namely, to bring scholars and practitioners of Asian medicine together for mutual exchange. While the Kathmandu event emphasised hands-on learning and the co-production of both knowledge and things, the Xining workshop provided Tibetan medical colleagues in the PRC with the opportunity to engage with broad discussions, at once methodological and epistemological, about the meaning, purpose, and aims of research on traditional medicines today.
Risk assessment: What is it worth? Shall we just do away with it, or can it do a better job?

Abstract Much has been written about the value of risk assessment, in particular the quantified version, QRA, here considered in the context of industrial processing oil, gas, and chemicals. It is plagued by mistrust due in part because estimated uncertainties are generally not included. QRA is done for predictive purpose, to design risk reducing measures, and to base safety decisions on, but many major accidents occur according to scenarios not foreseen in the analysis. Yet, QRA forces us to think. Predicting what can happen under specified conditions is the most elementary step in better safety. So, we must improve the methods and in particular to model sensitive uncertainties and establish confidence limits about our predictions. The present paper will review in short the state of affairs, and it will summarize recent contributions shedding light of what is currently wrong with QRA. The paper will further present for the various aspects and steps to be done in a QRA directions, in which progress is being made and where promising possibilities may appear. The latter are according to the opinion and the scope of the authors, so hopefully there is much more! Anyhow, due to complexities of socio-technical systems a QRA will require more effort, so to keep it practical large scale application of computerization will be a must. And, to improve trust in QRA we must acknowledge variability and quantify the uncertainties as we see them; in addition, there will be hidden uncertainties, which gives reason to think in resilience terms too.
Induction chemotherapy for T3N0M0 non-small-cell lung cancer increases the rate of complete resection but does not confer improved survival.

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate outcomes of induction therapy prior to an operation in patients with cT3 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Patients diagnosed with cT3N0M0 NSCLC from 2006 to 2011 in the National Cancer Database who were treated with lobectomy or pneumonectomy were stratified by treatment strategy: an operation first versus induction chemotherapy. Propensity scores were developed and matched cohorts were generated. Short-term outcomes included margin status, 30- and 90-day mortality rates, readmission and length of stay. Survival analyses using Kaplan-Meier methods were performed on both the unadjusted and propensity matched cohorts. RESULTS A total of 3791 cT3N0M0 patients were identified for inclusion, of which 580 (15%) were treated with induction chemotherapy. Prior to adjustment, patients treated with induction chemotherapy were younger, had a higher comorbidity burden and were more likely to have private insurance (all P < 0.001). Following matching, patients receiving induction chemotherapy were more likely to subsequently undergo an open procedure (87.3 vs 77.8%, P = 0.005). These patients were more likely to obtain R0 resection (93.1% vs 90.0%, P = 0.04) and were thereby less likely to have positive margins at the time of resection (6.9% vs 10.0%, P = 0.03). Patients who received induction therapy had higher rates of 90-day mortality (6.6% vs 3.4%) but there was no difference in long-term survival between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Despite yielding increased rates of R0 resection, induction chemotherapy for cT3N0M0 NSCLC is not associated with improved survival and should not be considered routinely. Further studies are warranted to elucidate cohorts that may benefit from induction therapy.
Maximal green sequences for cluster algebras associated with the n -torus with arbitrary punctures

It is well known that any triangulation of a marked surface produces a quiver. In this paper we will provide a triangulation for orientable surfaces of genus n with an arbitrary number interior marked points (called punctures) whose corresponding quiver has a maximal green sequence.
Hypoxia-induced suppression of c-Myc by HIF-2α in human pulmonary endothelial cells attenuates TFAM expression

The adaptive response to hypoxia is mediated in large part by stabilization of the hypoxia-inducible factors, HIF-1α and HIF-2α. A hallmark of this response is the metabolic shift to decreased oxidative phosphorylation and increased glycolysis. We hypothesized that hypoxic responses would include a suppression of mitochondrial gene expression. We determined the effects of hypoxia on TFAM, a key mitochondrial transcription factor, in normal pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Hypoxia decreased gene expression of TFAM and that of its upstream regulator, the transcriptional co-activator PGC1β. Although HIF-1α and HIF-2α pathways both contributed to hypoxia-mediated PGC1β suppression, TFAM suppression was regulated solely by HIF-2α-dependent mechanisms. We found that HIF-2α suppresses TFAM by decreasing c-Myc expression. In addition, we show a role for c-Jun in this pathway, linking HIF-2α with attenuation of c-Jun activation. Taken together, these findings establish a new link between HIF-2α and MAPK-signaling that mediates the adaptive regulation of mitochondrial gene expression under low oxygen tension.
High Resolution IR Studies of Polymolecular Clusters: Micromatrices and Unimolecular Ring Opening

A long Standing goal in the field of cluster research has been to elucidate the transition between the properties of isolated monomer species in the gas phase and the corresponding properties in the condensed phase. One of the most exacting probes of small clusters in this transition region has recently been offered by high resolution spectroscopies, particularly in the microwave and IR region of the spectrum.1–11 Such high resolution studies at rotational resolution can provide detailed information on the distribution of the masses in the cluster, as well as clearly distinguish between various low lying isomeric structures of the same molecular composition. High resolution spectroscopy in the IR also provides the opportunity to study dynamical phenomena such as predissociation,1,12–14 isomerization, and IVR channels that can be accessed by quantum state selected vibrational excitation of the clusters.
Parasitism of Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Larvae by Cotesia plutellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Diadegma insulare (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in Cabbage Fields after Inundative Releases of C. plutellae

Cocoons of Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov) were released for nine consecutive wk along the margins of two commercial cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. bravo L.) fields near Bunnell, Flagler Co., FL, in...
Fan-in loss for electrical and optical interconnections

Publisher Summary This chapter describes fan-in loss for electrical and optical interconnections. Power loss that occurs when an optical signal is split to N separate beams is easy to understand—the optical power is divided in N ways, and as a result only 1/N th of the total power is available in any one outgoing optical signal. This chapter illustrates that linear electrical circuits and optical systems share a common set of laws regarding fan in of signals. However, in the optical case several parameters are available that are not accessible in the case of lumped electrical circuits. Optical systems can support two polarization modes and many spatial modes. Methods can be devised to combine mutually incoherent optical beams without loss, if and only if they occupy different modal volumes in the temporal-spatial-polarization mode space. In both the electrical and the optical cases, fan-in loss can be avoided if nonlinear elements are included in the circuits. Such techniques are easily applicable in the electrical case, but more difficult to apply in the optical case, because of the fact that non-linear behavior is more difficult to realize in a simple way.
What happens to the little guy: minor mergers

After the high drama of major mergers, maybe it is time to calm down a little, to find a slower, lower energy activity to observe in the world of galaxies. Minor and micro mergers fit that bill, and were mentioned without being defined in the last chapter. Unfortunately, although the term “minor merger” is used frequently in the literature, there is no standard or universally agreed upon definition. Micro merger is not even a standard term, but it is one that I find convenient.
Self-Handicapping from A Heiderian Perspective

To begin this book, Higgins outlined a historical perspective that emphasized the manner in which previous Adlerian views of safeguarding behavior have contributed to contemporary thinking about self-handicapping. In closing, we return to this historical theme by calling upon another older vantage point to enhance our understanding of self-handicapping. This time, however, we refer not to the thoughts of Alfred Adler, but to the insights of Fritz Heider.
On the Psychology of Development and History

Developmental psychologists have rarely explored the retrospective memories and prospective hopes that each of us brings to life when we think about our own pasts and future deeds. Instead, developmental psychologists have preferred to study abstract performances, attitudes, or behaviors that, more likely than not, are of little concern to the individual who is constantly reviewing his or her own growth of activities, change of situations, and plans for tomorrow. Developmental psychologists have failed to recognize that most objectified performances and products are experientially empty for the individual. They disregarded that any individual, here and now, lives with these experiences at all times, caring little about his or her performance and behavior unless they are understood within the context of the experienced past.
On the accuracy of international forest product statistics

To judge the accuracy of international forest product statistics, we checked the consistency of the reported consumption of wood and fiber with the production of wood products. Using goal programming, we estimated for 180 countries the consumption of industrial roundwood and of paper-making fibers nearest to the reported consumption, given the reported production of sawnwood, wood-based panels, pulp and paper and paperboard, and prior estimates of the input–output coefficients. The results suggested that for the 3-year average 2013–2015, industrial roundwood consumption was under-reported in 57 countries by a total amount of 368 million m³ and over reported in 44 countries by a total of 16 million m³. The largest under-reporting was for China for which the reported consumption of industrial roundwood was 237 million m³, or 57 per cent less than the estimated. The largest over reporting was for India, by 11 million m³, or 24 per cent. For paper-making fibers, reported consumption was less than the estimated in 62 countries for a total of 11.3 million t, and it was more than the estimated in 61 countries, for a total of 3.2 million t. The largest under-reported amount was for India: 2.6 million t, or 20 per cent of the estimated, a difference that was entirely attributed to the under-reporting of recovered paper consumption. The largest over reported consumption of paper-making fibers was for Spain, nearly 1 million t, or 24 per cent, attributed to over reporting of recovered paper consumption. The main source of the discrepancies was in the production statistics rather than trade. Only in some instances was the presumption of illegal logging consistent with the discrepancy, or lack thereof, between reported and estimated consumption of industrial roundwood.
Recycling Discarded Drugs: Improving Access to Oral Antineoplastic Drugs

It is common for patients to have limited access to oral antineoplastics or to discontinue treatment because of cost. Such oral treatments are also discontinued because of toxicity, disease progression, or death, resulting in unused portions of these medications. Policies for the subsequent use or destruction of unused drugs exist, but none completely address the need for methods of recycling back to the patients in need. This article addresses this wastefulness and ways to minimize it so that more patients benefit.
Embedded Experts on the Jury

"Experts" can be found in the modern American courtroom on the jury as well as in the witness box. Nurses, engineers, and lawyers increasing appear on juries, posing a dilemma for the legal system as both valuable resources and uncontrolled influences. Courts give jurors ambiguous guidance on how juror expertise should be handled. On the one hand, jurors are told "You will decide what the facts are from the evidence presented here in court." By direct implication, then, jurors should not use outside information to evaluate the evidence. Jurors are also told, however, that they should "consider all of the evidence in the light of reason, common sense, and experience." Indeed, it is clear that all decision-makers, including jurors, are unavoidably influenced by their own backgrounds and experiences as they evaluate evidence and reach decisions. This paper draws on two sources: (1) the actual deliberations of jurors in 50 civil trials from the Arizona Filming Project, which reveal how real jurors use their expertise in the juryroom, and (2) a survey of 135 judges and attorneys who evaluated the appropriateness of six instances of juror "expert" offerings in the juryroom. In light of our findings, we suggest a reasonable response to the increasing presence of juror expertise in the juryroom.
Responsive feedback: Towards a new paradigm to enhance intervention effectiveness.

The current dominant models of intervention design in the development sector do not account for the complexity and unpredictability of implementation challenges. Decision makers and implementers need timely feedback during implementation to respond to field realities and to course-correct. This letter calls for a new approach of “responsive feedback” or “feedback loops” that promotes interactions between project designers, implementers, researchers and decision-makers to enable course corrections needed to achieve intended outcomes. A responsive feedback approach, in theory, should be agile, flexible, adaptive, iterative, and actionable. There can be multiple challenges associated with incorporating this approach into practice including donor requirements, organizational structure and culture, concerns about the additional time required to adopt such an approach, resource and operational constraints, the absence of skill sets needed for such an approach within smaller organizations and inadequate inter-departmental communication. However, these barriers to adaptation can be overcome. For responsive feedback to become a part of the culture of development organizations, commitment is needed from donors, decision-makers, project designers and implementers. We believe that, to generate opportunities for learning and adaptation, donors should provide the stimulus to break down silos between implementers and researchers.
Conversion of Hip Resurfacing With Retention of Monoblock Acetabular Shell Using Dual-Mobility Components.

Abstract Background Retention of the acetabular component is an option during conversion from hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) to total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes of conversion of the femoral resurfacing component with retained acetabular components (RAC) and use of dual-mobility femoral heads to outcomes of patients treated with both component (BC) revisions. Methods A retrospective review was performed of the clinical outcomes of HRA to THA conversions performed at a single institution between 2008 and 2017. Results Seventy-one conversions were included (27 RAC and 44 BC). Average age at time of conversion was 54.4 years (range, 30-68 years). Median time to conversion was 5.14 (2.77-7.41) years and median follow-up post-conversion was 1.7 (0.33-4.0) years. There were no significant differences in indications for conversion between the 2 groups with the majority performed for complications related to elevated metal ions and aseptic loosening. Harris Hip Scores improved from pre-conversion to post-conversion in both cohorts (P Conclusion Salvage of an appropriately positioned, well-fixed HRA acetabular component is a reasonable option in the setting of conversion to THA using dual-mobility components. This technique avoids the morbidity of acetabular revision and was associated with a decrease in metal ion levels and improvements in short-term functional outcomes comparable to a BC revision.
A New Small-Signal Modelling Approach for Analyzing HEMTs over a Broad Frequency Range

A new modelling approach is presented to obtain the 19-element active and passive equivalent circuit element values of high electron mobility transistors over a broad frequency range. In this method, a new technique is introduced to acquire the appropriate extrinsic values of the model suitable for the frequency of operation. The bias-dependent intrinsic values are also obtained using the extracted Y-parameters from a simulation scheme developed in SILVACO. The proposed method addresses the issues and limitations with existing extraction methods regarding their suitability for high-frequency ranges. A finite-difference scheme is also presented to analyze the device which is characterized by its small-signal equivalent circuit.
Massively (UN)reliable system projects

With the rise in data stored using networks of inexpensive computer hardware, it is increasingly valuable for students to have experience designing systems that operate correctly even though the individual components are unreliable. Massively (un)reliable system projects challenge students with an interesting and realistic task that must be done with high reliability using a system with very high artificial failure rates. This paper describes two of these projects: the first required students to build a search engine to locate documents from a changing collection using programs that were crippled to fail frequently; the second required them to build a voting machine that accurately recorded votes, storing all data in a database that frequently corrupted its data. Effective massively (un)reliable system projects are interesting to students, startle them with the massive failure rates and seemingly impossible reliability goal and provide adequate guidance on how they should tackle the problem so that the students can enjoy some success on the project. During their involvement in these projects, students gained practical experience designing, programming and testing highly reliable systems. Although the assignments stretched the students' design, modeling, data structures and programming skills well beyond where they were comfortable, they were all highly engaged and learned a great deal from the experience.
On the Feasibility of RBAC to ABAC Policy Mining: A Formal Analysis

Given a Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) system along with supporting attribute data, the process of automated migration to an Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) system is a particular instance of the ABAC policy-mining problem. In this paper, we formulate and investigate the feasibility problem of RBAC to ABAC policy mining. Specifically, the ABAC RuleSet Existence problem is introduced formally for the first time in RBAC context. In case of infeasibility, the notion of ABAC RuleSet Infeasibility Correction is formalized and a solution developed utilizing role-based attributes.
Feasibility and Acceptability of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback in a Group of Veterans with Fibromyalgia.

Objectives: To determine the feasibility and acceptability of a heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) protocol in a focus group of Veterans with fibromyalgia (FM). Design: A multimethod feasibi...
Clinically Actionable Findings Derived From Predictive Genomic Testing Offered in a Medical Practice Setting

Abstract Objective To assess the presence of clinically actionable results and other genetic findings in an otherwise healthy population of adults seen in a medical practice setting and offered "predictive" genomic testing. Patients and Methods In 2014, a predictive genomics clinic for generally healthy adults was launched through the Mayo Clinic Executive Health Program. Self-identified interested patients met with a genomic nurse and genetic counselor for pretest advice and education. Two genome sequencing platforms and one gene panel–based health screen were offered. Posttest genetic counseling was available for patients who elected testing. From March 1, 2014, through June 1, 2019, 1281 patients were seen and 301 (23.5%) chose testing. Uptake rates increased to 36.3% [70 of 193]) in 2019 from 11.8% [2 of 17] in 2014. Clinically actionable results and genetic findings were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Clinically actionable results were detected in 11.6% of patients (35 of 301), and of those, 51.7% (15 of 29) with a cancer or cardiovascular result=did not have a personal or family history concerning for a hereditary disorder. The most common actionable results were in the BCHE, BRCA2, CHEK2, LDLR, MUTYH, and MYH7 genes. A carrier of at least one recessive condition was found in 53.8% of patients (162 of 301). At least one variant associated with multifactorial disease was found in 44.5% (134 of 301) (eg, 25 patients were heterozygous for the F5 factor V Leiden variant associated with thrombophilia risk). Conclusion Our predictive screening revealed that 11.6% of individuals will test positive for a clinically actionable, likely pathogenic/pathogenic variant. This finding suggests that wider knowledge and adoption of predictive genomic services could be beneficial in medical practice, although additional studies are needed.
Individual Differences in Self-regulated Learning of College Students Enrolled in Online College Courses

With online course delivery on the rise, it is essential to understand the preparedness of students attending traditional universities. Prior research has found that some students struggle in onlin...
Initial plant community responses to hardwood control treatments in restoration of remnant longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) woodlands

Abstract Changes in land use over the past century have contributed to substantial losses of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) woodlands in the southeastern USA and replacement with higher density, mixed pine and hardwood stands that suppress understory development and limit application of prescribed fire. To increase understanding of limiting factors and identify potential approaches for restoring longleaf pine woodlands, we studied initial availability of light and soil water and 2-year (2018–2019) plant community responses after controlling overstory hardwoods in five remnant longleaf pine woodlands having no evidence of previous agriculture at the Savannah River Site near Aiken, SC, USA. Seven hardwood control treatments and a non-treated check were compared in a randomized compete block experiment: cutting, cutting + shredding of logging residues, stem injection with imazapyr herbicide, cutting + basal spray with imazapyr herbicide, cutting + basal spray with triclopyr herbicide, cutting + directed foliar spray with a mixture of glyphosate and imazapyr herbicides, and cutting + broadcast foliar spray with the same herbicide mixture. In the year prior to hardwood cutting (2016), understory light availability averaged 23% of full sun. Throughout the year of treatment installation (2017), average soil water content (SWC) was below permanent wilting point (5.5% SWC) where overstory hardwoods were retained; whereas, it was above wilting point (7.5%) where they had been cut. Thus, combined effects of shade and root competition from overstory hardwoods probably limited cover of herbaceous species in the non-treated check. In the 2 years following treatment, hardwood survival averaged > 99%, 62%, 42% and
Clearing Financial Networks: Impact on Equilibrium Asset Prices and Seniority of Claims

In financial derivatives networks clearinghouses have been mandated as de facto central nodes: they are buyers to the sellers of financial contracts and resellers to the ultimate buyers. Other services aim at solving various network problems such as reducing cycles. All these services face complex challenges, ranging from the direct effect on the network topology to the indirect effects on asset prices and on the end users. In this tutorial, we offer an introduction into the quantitative modeling of clearing systems. We analyze joint equilibria for the network payments and the asset prices. We raise two main points that have received less attention in the literature. The first point is that an equilibrium price for the asset prices may not be achieved in a general payment network. The second point is that trade-compression and clearinghouses modify the seniority structure in the network, and end users that are not part of multi-lateral clearing arrangements become de facto junior. The comprehensive study of these issues with operations research tools would lead to a promising research agenda.
Shades of Green: Health, Safety, and Environmental Protections in China's International Investment Agreements

This article examines the text of each publicly-available International Investment Agreement signed by China since joining the WTO, specifically tracking the presence and evolution of clauses which promote domestic sovereignty over issues of health, safety, and the environment. The subject investment treaties provide a unique lens by which to view China's evolving understanding and growing commitment towards these issues, and they effectively illustrate the trend of using investment treaties as a tool to advance global standards and promote reforms with effects reaching beyond the investment world. Overall, China's evolving IIA practices over the last sixteen years have furthered its WTO-era vision, forging a new generation of IIAs which have progressively focused on long-term security and sustainability as critical goals, both for foreign investment returns as well as the host State's sovereignty to regulate issues of health, safety, and the environment.