cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mental health issues of gay and lesbian adolescents.

Abstract The mental health concerns of gay and lesbian adolescents are best understood within the context of cultural limitations, including a problematic conceptualization of adolescence, homophobia, and erotophobia. Within this framework, background information about homosexuality is presented; and the special social pressures and psychologic problems of gay and lesbian youth are discussed, with particular attention paid to internalized homophobia, developmental issues, and the “coming-out” process. Differences between gay and lesbian mental health issues are highlighted. Finally, practical suggestions regarding treatment planning are provided.
New lower triassic ammonoids from New Zealand

Abstract Prosphingites coombsi n. sp. is described from disturbed beds between Kaka Point and Nugget Point, south Otago. This species sugge5ts a late Scythian (Subcolumbites Zone) age for these strata. A summary of all species previously assigned to Prosphingites is included to substantiate the conclusions regarding the age assignment.
Posttranscriptional and Posttranslational Regulation of Clock Genes

Circadian rhythms have been observed in diverse organisms, including plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi. In such organisms, the circadian clock is primarily composed of a cell-autonomous transcriptional feedback loop. In addition to transcriptional regulation, the modification of core clock transcripts and proteins can dramatically affect the circadian clock. In this review, the authors discuss some of the posttranscriptional and posttranslational modifications and their effects on the circadian clock. The combined outcome of these modifications is to adjust the timing of the clock to produce a circadian oscillator that takes approximately 24 h.
Modifications to the Injection System of the K800 Superconducting Cyclotron

The original design of the K800 cyclotron called for a pole tip geometry with a double spiral. After studying the feasibility of designing a stripping mechanism that would fit inside one of the dees, it was decided to use the simpler single spiral pole tips. In this paper we describe the calculations done to study the injection orbits.
Spatial Decay Estimates for a Class of Second-Order Quasilinear Elliptic Partial Differential Equations Arising in Anisotropic Nonlinear Elasticity

The spatial decay behavior of solutions of second-order quasilinear elliptic partial differential equations, in divergence form, defined on a two-dimensional semi-infinite strip, is investigated. Such equations arise in the theory of anti-plane shear deformations for anisotropic nonlinearly elastic solids and also in anisotropic nonlinear steady-state heat conduction. Differential inequality techniques are employed to obtain exponential decay estimates. The results are illustrated by several examples, one of which is the (isotropic) minimal surface equation. The results are relevant to Saint-Venant principles for nonlinear elasticity as well as to theorems of Phragmen-Lindelof type.
Medial plica irritation: diagnosis and treatment

Medial plica irritation of the knee is a very common source of anterior knee pain. Patients can complain of pain over the anteromedial aspect of their knees and describe episodes of crepitation, catching, and pseudo-locking events with activities. Patients commonly have pain on physical examination upon rolling the plica fold of tissue over the anteromedial aspect of their knees and often have tight hamstrings. The majority of the patients will respond well to a non-operative treatment program consisting of quadriceps strengthening along with concurrent hamstring stretching. In cases which do not respond initially to an exercise program, an intraarticular steroid injection may be indicated. In those few patients who do not respond to a non-operative treatment program, an arthroscopic resection of their medial plica may be indicated, especially in those cases where a shelf-like plica has been found to be causing damage to the articular cartilage of the medial femoral condyle.
Using High-Resolution Hand-Held Radiometers To Measure In-Situ Thermal Resistance

A field study was carried out to investigate the accuracy of using high-resolution radiometers to determine the in situ thermal resistance of building components having conventional residential construction. Two different types of radiometers were used to determine the thermal resistances of the walls of six test buildings located at the National Bureau of Standards. These radiometer thermal resistance measurements were compared to reference thermal resistance values determined from steady-state series resistance predictions, time-averaged heat-flow-sensor measurements, and guarded-hot-box measurements. When measurements were carried out 5 hours after sunset when the outdoor temperature was relatively steady and the heating plant was operated in a typical cyclic fashion, the following results were obtained: for lightweight wood-frame cavity walls, the radiometer procedures were found to distinguish wall thermal resistance 4.4 h.ft2- A‚Â°F/Btu (0.77 m2•K/W) systematically higher than corresponding reference values. Such a discrimination will per-mit insulated and uninsulated walls to be distinguished. However, in the case of walls having large heat capacity (e.g., masonry and log), thermal storage effects produced large time lags between the outdoor diurnal temperature variation and the heat-flow response at the inside surface. This phenomenon caused radiometer thermal resistances to deviate substantially from corresponding reference values. This study recommends that the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 101-1981 be modified requiring the heating plant to be operated in a typical cyclic fashion instead of being turned off prior to and during radiometer measurements.
Linear Stability of a Solid Ball in an Undercooled Liquid

We study the linear stability of a solid ball in equilibrium with its undercooled liquid in two space dimensions. We show that the unstable manifold is one dimensional and consists of a special radially symmetric perturbation of the shape (and the temperature), whereas all the other perturbations orthogonal to the unstable perturbation are stable.
Developing Leaders: The Role of Competencies in Rural Community Colleges

Pending retirements underscore the need to develop community college campus leaders. Rural community colleges will be particularly hard-hit by changes in leadership as they represent the majority o...
Optical synchronization of millimeter-wave oscillators for distributed architecture

A review of various methods of phase and frequency synchronization of active MMIC based transmit/receive modules is presented, and particular emphasis is placed on the synchronization of oscillators through the use of an indirect subharmonic optical injection locking technique. In this approach, the nonlinear behavior of large-signal modulated laser diodes and solid-state oscillators is exploited to extend the bandwidth of the synchronizing link to the millimeter-wave frequency range. Experimental results of the phase and frequency coherency of two 21.5 GHz FET oscillators are reported. Optimum performance is achieved at a subharmonic factor of 1/4, with a locking range of 84 MHz and a phase noise degradation of only 14 dB. The phase coherency measurement of two injection-locked oscillators points to a phase shift, which is introduced as a result of the frequency detuning between the slave and master oscillator signals. A scheme to correct for this phase error is presented. >
OFF-AXIS CORRELATION FUNCTIONS IN THE ISOTROPIC d = 2 ISING MODEL

We present exact explicit expressions for the spin-spin correlation functions 〈${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{0}$,0${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathrm{m}}$,n〉 for (m,n)=(2,1), (3,1), (3,2), (4,1), (4,2), and (4,3) in the isotropic d=2 Ising model. We also infer a general structural formula for arbitrary 〈${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{0}$,0${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathrm{m}}$,n〉 in terms of complete elliptic integrals K and E.
Thoracic paraganglioma presenting with spinal cord compression and metastases

We report a case of a 41-year-old man with a primary thoracic spine paraganglioma presenting with spinal cord compression and distant metastasis. Paragangliomas arising within the spinal canal are rare and when they occur are usually found in the intradural, extramedullary compartment and in the lumbosacral region. Thoracic paragangliomas are very rare, with only five prior cases reported in the literature and with distant metastasis seen in only one of these. In this case, the tumor was entirely extradural and produced extensive sclerosis of the surrounding vertebrae. The clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features of this case are detailed and the relevant literature is reviewed.
Israeli response to mass death

Purpose – In recent years Israel has had extensive experience of dealing with mass disasters. Its response mechanism is always adapting itself to new threat patterns. This paper aims to focus on Israel's disaster response activities.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on personal research and experience and reviews disaster response in Israel.Findings – From the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948 until the late‐1980s, disaster response, even in the civilian sector, was considered a military responsibility. The Israel Police was viewed at best as a support to the army, rendering purely technical assistance such as fingerprint comparison for victim identification. Although the civilianization of response became predominant during recurrent terrorist attacks of the 1990s, the army still continues its planning under the previous model as governmental authorities refrain from intervention. In the new working framework the Israel Police and other civilian offices, both official and volunt...
The impact of temporary artery occlusion during intracranial aneurysm surgery on long-term clinical outcome: Part II. The patient who undergoes elective clipping.

Background Temporary artery occlusion (TAO) during intracranial aneurysm surgery is a key element in facilitating aneurysm dissection and clipping. Despite its significance, knowledge of its effects on long-term clinical outcome in patients undergoing elective clipping for unruptured aneurysms is limited. This study evaluated the safety of this technique in this patient population by 1 surgeon. Methods Patients managed for an intracranial aneurysm were followed from 2000–2009. This study included a cohort of patients found to have unruptured intracranial aneurysms who underwent TAO during their elective clipping procedure. Potential risk factors to affect outcome were considered. Effects of TAO on long-term clinical outcome were evaluated using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) obtained retrospectively by analyzing medical records at the last follow-up visit or discharge. Analyses included descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression, and ordinal logistic regression. Results Inclusion criteria were met by 246 patients (75.2% female, age 54 years ± 10.9) with electively clipped, unruptured aneurysms. Mean follow-up was 53 months ± 67.5. Mean temporary artery clipping time was 16.1 minutes ± 14.7. Of patients, 86% had a good outcome and made a complete recovery at last follow-up (GOS 5); 9% of patients were moderately disabled (GOS 4); 5% of patients were severely disabled (GOS 3), were in a vegetative state (GOS 2), or had died (GOS 1). TAO time had no effects on overall long-term clinical outcomes ( P = 0.59). Although patients with posterior circulation aneurysms had a worse outcome compared with patients with anterior circulation aneurysms ( P = 0.008), age ( P = 0.176) and aneurysm size ( P = 0.497) were not significantly associated with clinical outcome. Conclusions This study did not demonstrate any relationship between limited duration of TAO and clinical outcome. Posterior circulation aneurysms are associated with worse long-term clinical outcomes in patients with electively clipped, unruptured aneurysms.
Promoting Reflective Thinking in Collaborative Learning Activities

Constructivist learning theorists believe that it is important to encourage reflexivity, helping learners to think about how they approach problems, and how they look for and find solutions. A rationale is an explanation of the reasons underlying decisions, conclusions, and interpretations. In this study, requiring and supporting rationale sharing within the group is proposed as one way of promoting reflective thinking during collaborative learning activities. A collaborative learning activity was designed and implemented in an undergraduate project management course, requiring the documentation and sharing of decision rationales. A collaborative tool was developed to support the activity. The results of the study show that engaging in the process of documenting decision rationales potentially helped the participants to articulate their thoughts and ideas, effectively explore the course concepts, and engage in higher order thinking. Participantspsila feedback on the design of the collaborative space for rationale sharing was collected and design implications elicited.
First Report of Colletotrichum acutatum sensu lato Causing Leaf Curling and Petiole Anthracnose on Celery (Apium graveolens) in Michigan.

In September 2010, celery plants with leaf cupping and petiole twisting were observed in commercial production fields located in Barry, Kent, Newago, and Van Buren Counties in Michigan. Long, elliptical lesions were observed on petioles but signs (mycelia, conidia, or acervuli) were not readily observed. Celery petioles were incubated in humid chambers (acrylic boxes with wet paper towels). After 24 h, conidia corresponding to the genus Colletotrichum were observed. Isolations were performed by excising pieces of celery tissue from the lesion margin and placing them on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 30 ppm of rifampicin and 100 ppm of ampicillin. Plates were incubated at 21 ± 2°C under fluorescent light for 5 days. Fungal colony morphology was gray with salmon-colored masses of spores when viewed from above, and carmine when viewed from below. Isolates were single-spored and placed on 30% glycerol in –20°C, and cryoconservation media (20% glycerol, 0.04% yeast extract, 0.1% malt extract, 0.04% gl...
Electrostatic field in inhomogeneous dielectric media I.: indirect boundary element method

A computationally fast method is presented for calculating electrostatic field in arbitrary inhomogeneous dielectric media with open boundary condition. The method involves dividing the whole space into cubical cells and then finding effective dielectric parameters for interfacial cells consisting of several dielectrics. The electrostatic problem is then solved using either the indirect boundary element method described in this paper or the so-called volume element method described in the companion paper. Both methods are tested for accuracy by comparing the numerically calculated electrostatic fields against those analytically obtained for a dielectric sphere and dielectric ellipsoid in a uniform field and for a dielectric sphere in a point charge field.
New Proofs of Ramanujan′s Partition Identities for Moduli 5 and 7

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present new proofs of modular identities (1.1) and (1.2). These identities are closely related to Ramanujan′s partition identities of moduli 5 and 7. The common feature in these proofs is that they both begin with the trigonometric identity (1.3).
The turn-of-the-month effect still lives: the international evidence

Abstract This paper examines 19 country stock market indices for recent evidence of the turn-of-the-month (TOM) pattern in daily stock returns using both parametric and nonparametric measures to address concerns regarding methodologies applied in prior anomalies studies. We find that the 4-day TOM period accounts for 87% of the monthly return, on average, across countries, in the stock markets of 15 countries where the TOM pattern exists. These countries account for 77% of the foreign market capitalization value. The parametric and nonparametric results provide information regarding the degree to which distributional assumption violations may lead to incorrect conclusions.
Primary Surgical Resection Versus Liver Transplantation for Transplant-Eligible Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Existing studies comparing outcomes after liver transplantation (LT) versus surgical resection among transplant-eligible patients are conflicting. The purpose of this study was to compare long-term survival between consecutive transplant-eligible HCC patients treated with resection versus LT. The present retrospective matched case cohort study compares long-term survival outcomes between consecutive transplant-eligible HCC patients treated with resection versus LT using intention-to-treat (ITT) and as-treated models. Resection patients were matched to LT patients by age, sex, and etiology of HCC in a 1:2 ratio. The study included 171 patients (57 resection and 114 LT). Resection patients had greater post-treatment tumor recurrence (43.9 vs. 12.9 %, p < 0.001) compared to LT patients. In the as-treated model of the pre-model for end stage liver disease (MELD) era, LT patients had significantly better 5-year survival compared to resection patients (100 vs. 69.5 %, p = 0.04), but no difference was seen in the ITT model. In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, inclusive of age, sex, ethnicity, tumor stage, and MELD era (pre-MELD vs. post-MELD), treatment with resection was an independent predictor of poorer survival (HR 2.72; 95 % CI, 1.08–6.86). Transplant-eligible HCC patients who received LT had significantly better survival than those treated with resection, suggesting that patients who can successfully remain on LT listing and actually undergo LT have better outcomes.
Target-oriented wavefield tomography using synthesized Born data

We present a new strategy for efficient wave-equation migration-velocity analysis in complex geological settings. The proposed strategy has two main steps: simulating a new data set using an initial unfocused image and performing wavefield-based tomography using this data set. We demonstrated that the new data set can be synthesized by using generalized Born wavefield modeling for a specific target region where velocities are inaccurate. We also showed that the new data set can be much smaller than the original one because of the target-oriented modeling strategy, but it contains necessary velocity information for successful velocity analysis. These interesting features make this new data set suitable for target-oriented, fast and interactive velocity model-building. We demonstrate the performance of our method on both a synthetic data set and a field data set acquired from the Gulf of Mexico, where we update the subsalt velocity in a target-oriented fashion and obtain a subsalt image with improved contin...
Minimum iron requirements of marine phytoplankton and the implications for the biogeochemical control of new production

The Fe : PO., ratio at which nutrient limitation of final cell yield shifts from one nutrient to the other was determined for 22 species of marine phytoplankton. Among eucaryotic phytoplankton, coastal species have subsistence optimum Fe: P molar ratios of lo-* to 10-3.1, but most oceanic species have ratios of < 1 O--4, indicating that oceanic species have been able to adapt their biochemical composition to the low availability of Fe in the open ocean. In contrast, both coastal and oceanic species of cyanobacteria have relatively high Fe : P molar ratio requirements, ranging from 1O-1.4 to 1O-2.7. A simple comparison of these requirement ratios with the ratios of the Fe and PO, fluxes to the photic zone from deep water and the atmosphere indicates that new production of cyanobacterial biomass is Fe limited, but new production of eucaryotic algal biomass is not. Because of the large differences among species in their Fe requirements, especially between procaryotes and eucaryotes, changes in the relative inputs of Fe and PO, to the photic zone are expected to lead to changes in the species composition of phytoplankton communities. Indeed, the ratio of atmospheric to deep-water inputs of nutrients and the resulting Fe : P input ratios appear to influence the relative abundance of unicellular cyanobacteria and Trichodesmium and their vertical and biogeographic distributions. Because some phytoplanlcton species have adaptations that reduce their dependence on combined N and Fe but not on P, it is concluded that PO, is the ultimate limiting nutrient of new production of organic C on a geochemical and evolutionary time scale, even though N and Fe are important growth rate-limiling nutrients on an ecological time scale. What controls the rate of new production of organic C in the ocean is of great interest because of its influence on atmospheric 0, and C02, sedimentation and organic burial, and fisheries. One of the first to consider the geochemical control of new production in the ocean, Redfield (195 8) conducted a gedanken experiment in which he compared the ratio of NO3 to PO, in deep water with the ratio of N to P in marine biota and asked which nutrient would be depleted first by the biota if the deep water was upwelled into the photic zone. At that time,, trace metals were not generally considered as important limiting nutrients because of the high concentrations observed in the ocean as a result of inadequate techniques and serious contamination problems. As a result of greatly improved techniques, we now know that many trace metals are present in the ocean
Natural Conversational Interfaces to Geospatial Databases

Natural (spoken) language, combined with gestures and other human modalities, provides a promising alternative for interacting with computers, but such benefit has not been explored for interactions with geographical information systems. This paper presents a conceptual framework for enabling conversational humanGIS interactions. Conversations with a GIS are modeled as human-computer collaborative activities within a task domain. We adopt a mental state view of collaboration and discourse and propose a plan-based computational model for conversational grounding and dialogue generation. At the implementation level, our approach is to introduce a dialogue agent, GeoDialogue , between a user and a geographical information server. GeoDialogue actively recognizes user’s information needs, reasons about detailed cartographic and database procedures, and acts cooperatively to assist user’s problem solving. GeoDialogue serves as a semantic ‘bridge’ between the human language and the formal language that a GIS understands. The behavior of such dialogue-assisted human-GIS interfaces is illustrated through a scenario simulating a session of emergency response during a hurricane event.
Renal and Iliac Intervention

Because atherosclerosis is a systemic disease process, it is not surprising that cardiologists find themselves treating patients with peripheral vascular problems in addition to the more traditional cardiovascular issues. Of the 64.4 million Americans with cardiovascular disease, 8–12 million are affected by peripheral arterial disease (PAD), which is estimated to encompass 12–20% of Americans over age 65. Identification of these patients is extremely important, as up to 70% of patients with PAD have significant coronary artery disease (CAD)(2), and the primary cause of mortality in PAD patients is myocardial infarction, stroke, and complications from diabetes (3). Evidence of PAD, therefore, should be a “red flag” signaling the need for further cardiovascular evaluation.
An architecture for network-layer routing in OSI

Work on the standardization of routing protocols for OSI is in progress. The envisioned set of routing protocols is expected to work in nearly all of the environments which constitute OSI networks. Behind these routing protocols is an architecture which outlines problems and goals, establishes a framework upon which to base the development of protocols, and provides a conceptual baseline for continued work on unsolved problems. This architecture defines routing in the OSI network layer, functionally partitions the problem into its components, defines a routing hierarchy and an address hierarchy and discusses their relationship, and discusses arms-length routing relationships between differently administered networks. This paper presents that architecture, and discusses problems which remain to be solved as work progresses towards a global OSI network.
Regional Differences in Overland Rainfall Estimation from PR-Calibrated TMI Algorithm

Abstract The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite carries a combination of active [precipitation radar (PR)] and multichannel passive microwave [the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI)] sensors, which advance our ability to estimate rainfall over land. Rain retrieval from the TRMM PR is associated with an unprecedented accuracy and resolution but is limited in terms of sampling because of the narrow PR swath width (215 km). TMI provides wider coverage (760 km), but its observations are associated with a more complex relationship to precipitation in comparison with PR (especially over land). The PR rain estimates are used here for calibrating an overland TMI rain algorithm. The algorithm consists of 1) multichannel-based rain screening and convective/stratiform (C/S) classification schemes, and 2) nonlinear (linear) regressions for the rain-rate retrieval of stratiform (convective) rain regimes. This study examines regional differences in the algorithm performance. Four geographic regions consistin...
Carbamazepine‐induced heart block in a child with tuberous sclerosis and cardiac rhabdomyoma: Implications for evaluation and follow‐up

We describe a young child with tuberous sclerosis and cardiac rhabdomyoma who developed reversible heart block after being placed on carbamazepine treatment for seizures. Patients of any age with known or suspected intrinsic cardiac disease should be monitored for conduction disturbance if they are treated with carbamazepine.
Industrial Efficiency and Biased Technical Change in American and British Manufacturing: The Case of Textiles in the Nineteenth Century

The major purpose of this article is to measure factor-saving biases in technical change within the American and British textile sectors during the nineteenth century. This empirical attempt will be made within the context of the historical debate concerning the causes for the superiority of American industrial efficiency as compared with the British.
VIOLENCIA POLÍTICA, ASISTENCIA MILITAR DE ESTADOS UNIDOS Y PRODUCCIÓN DE COCA EN LOS ANDES CENTRALES

What is the effect of political violence on the production of coca in the Central Andes? Does U.S. military aid reduce the amount of drugs that originate from this region? What other factors help explain the production of coca? Are the effects of U.S. military aid the same across the Andean nations? This paper tests the effects of political violence and U.S. military aid in the drug producing nations of Colombia, Bolivia and Peru. Our results are consistent with existing literature that emphasizes the obstacles that governments face as they attempt to suppress markets for prohibited goods. Our comparative analysis sheds new light on the limitations of the current U.S. policy, particularly in Colombia, where political violence has strengthened the global drug trade.
Nymphaeaceae : a basal angiosperm family (ANITA grade) with a fully developed embryo

Rudimentary, broad and small linear embryos occur among members of the most primitive (basal) extant angiosperms, collectively called the ANITA grade (i.e. Amborella, Nymphaeales and Austrobaileyales). Amborella (rudimentary) and Austrobaileyales (rudimentary in Austrobaileyaceae, Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae and small linear in Trimeniaceae) have kinds of embryos that are known to be underdeveloped; consequently, they must grow inside the seed prior to radicle emergence (germination). On the other hand, it is not known if broad embryos need to grow before radicles can emerge, and whether they are underdeveloped or fully developed. Thus, we addressed the question: ‘Is the broad embryo of Nymphaeales also underdeveloped?’. Although the embryo length : seed length ratios in Nymphaea Albert Greenburg, N. capensis var. zanzibariensis and N. immutabilis were 0.311, 0.349 and 0.234, respectively, embryos did not grow prior to radicle emergence. Thus, they are fully developed at seed maturity. If Amborella and Nymphaeales are equally the most basal angiosperms, as some molecular phylogenetic studies indicate, then we must conclude that the broad and rudimentary embryos are equally primitive.
Generation of spatially nonuniform ground motion for nonlinear analysis of a concrete arch dam

An accelerometer array at Pacoima Dam with three locations along the base and abutments recorded ground motion from a magnitude 4.3 earthquake on 13 January 2001. These records present an opportunity to study spatial nonuniformity for the motion in a canyon. Topographic amplification is characterized by ratios of response spectral displacement between locations, and seismic wave travel times are studied using cross-correlation functions to obtain delays. Results of the analysis of the 2001 earthquake records are used to generate ground motion for the 1994 Northridge earthquake to replace records that were not able to be fully digitized. The ground motion generated for the Northridge earthquake is used as input to a finite element model of Pacoima Dam. The response of the model is consistent with observations of Pacoima Dam after the Northridge earthquake. Comparison of the response due to nonuniform input with the response due to uniform input demonstrates the importance of accounting for spatial nonuniformity because of the significance that the pseudostatic component has for the response to nonuniform input. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nuclear Stability in South Asia

An examination of the onset, evolution, and termination of the 1999 and 2001–02 crises between India and Pakistan suggests that nuclear deterrence is robust in South Asia. Even though the 1999 crisis erupted into a war, its scope and dimensions were carefully circumscribed. Despite its conventional capabilities, India chose not to cross the Line of Control (the de facto international border in the disputed state of Jammu and Kashmir), and it avoided horizontal escalation of the conflict. India's restraint cannot be attributed either to timely U.S. intervention or to a concern about avoiding a bellicose international image. Instead a highly jingoistic regime, which had defied international public opinion the previous year through a series of nuclear tests, chose to exercise restraint because of Pakistan's possession of nuclear weapons. In 2001, despite grave Pakistani provocation through a series of terrorist attacks, India could only respond with a strategy of coercive diplomacy.
Identification of Demand Models of Multiple Purchases

We study the nonparametric identification of distributions of utility functions in a multiple purchase setting with a finite number of consumers. Each utility function takes as arguments subsets or, alternatively, quantities of the multiple goods. We exploit mathematical insights from auction theory to generically identify the distribution of utility functions. We use price variation and aggregate data on the sales of each product, but not on individual-level purchases or the total sales of bundles of products.
The structural origin of broken chemical order in GeSe2 glass

Abstract Raman scattering, 119Sn Mossbauer spectroscopy and temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry experiments have been performed on (Ge0.99 Sn0.01)x Se1−x glasses in the 0.30 < x < 0.36 range. Both Raman and Mossbauer spectroscopies show that Ge[sbnd]Ge signatures first appear near x = 0.31(1), and their concentration slowly increases with increasing x to acquire a value of 1.92(30)% at x = 1/3, corresponding to GeSe2 glass. Thereafter (1/3 < x < 0.36) the concentration of these bonds increases precipitously with increasing x. Glass transition temperatures T g(x) reflect the connectivity of the network and are found to increase with increasing x; however, the rate dTg/dx of T g increase slows down markedly at (i) x ≥ 0.31(1), and the rate actually reverses sign (ii) at x ≥ 0.34. Feature (i) coincides with nucleation and (ii) with precipitous growth of Ge[sbnd]Ge signatures. These T g trends show that the presence of Ge[sbnd]Ge signatures decreases the global connectivity of the glasses....
An overview of energy savings potentials through mobile forwarding proxy framework

Increasingly, mobile users interact with more than their primary mobile device, a trend that will likely continue with the growth of the internet of things. We introduce an application data forwarding framework, which is based on a mobile user's primary device and geared towards energy savings for the multitude of devices a mobile user interacts with. Based on the need to have a recent copy of application data available on a mobile user's primary device, e.g., a smartphone, our framework forwards, e.g., Facebook status updates, to external devices in vicinity. We provide an evaluation of the energy consumption and potentials for savings using our proposed approach by means of cost-based evaluations. Assuming that external devices could derive the data through cellular or wireless LAN connections as alternatives, we find that significant savings for the group of devices could be realised. Specifically, for an active social network account with frequent updates, we find that the external devices would be able to conserve power, while the additional burden on the primary device's battery remains reasonably low.
Exploiting ordered waters in molecular docking.

A current weakness in docking is the treatment of water-mediated protein−ligand interactions. We explore switching ordered water molecules “on” and “off” during docking screens of a large library. The method assumes additivity and scales linearly with the number of waters sampled despite the exponential growth in configurations. It is tested for ligand enrichment against 24 targets, exploring up to 256 water configurations. Water inclusion increased enrichment substantially for 12 targets, while most others were largely unaffected.
Properties of Solutions of Periodic Equations

In this chapter we study some relations between the geometry of the set of the quasimomentums (or Floquet multipliers) and properties of the corresponding equation. Among the properties we consider are: existence of fast decaying solutions, solvability of non-homogeneous equations, structure of the spectra, etc.
Teaching Integration by Substitution

(1994). Teaching Integration by Substitution. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 101, No. 6, pp. 520-526.
Form of Ventricular Contraction in Cardiac Infarction; Fluoroscopic Studies

Infarction of the heart following coronary artery occlusion is attended by a profound disturbance in the circulation. While the circulatory dynamics and electrocardiographic changes have been extensively investigated, very little attention has been paid to direct observation of alterations in cardiac contraction.That experimental ligation of a coronary artery interferes with the orderly contraction of the ventricles has been known since the 17th century.12 A detailed description of the changes in ventricular contraction, however, has been lacking until the recent investigation of Tennant and Wiggers.3 Employing the myocardiograph, these authors found that immediately after occluding branches of the coronary arteries in dogs the area of muscle rendered ischemic ceased to contract and paradoxical (reverse) movements occurred, i. e., the ischemic area bulged passively while the remainder of the ventricle contracted normally.There have been few recorded fluoroscopic observations in man of the effect of corona...
News as propaganda: A comparative analysis of US and Korean press coverage of the Six-Party Talks, 2003–2007

This study presents a comparative content analysis of the overall framing in the news and editorial content of the Six-Party Talks on nuclear issues from three international news media for the year...
Severe dystrophic cardiomyopathy caused by the enteroviral protease 2A–mediated C-terminal dystrophin cleavage fragment

Enterovirus infection can cause severe cardiomyopathy in humans. The virus-encoded 2A protease is known to cleave the cytoskeletal protein dystrophin. It is unclear, however, whether cardiomyopathy results from the loss of dystrophin or is due to the emergence of a dominant-negative dystrophin cleavage product. We show for the first time that the 2A protease-mediated carboxyl-terminal dystrophin cleavage fragment (CtermDys) is sufficient to cause marked dystrophic cardiomyopathy. The sarcolemma-localized CtermDys fragment caused myocardial fibrosis, heightened susceptibility to myocardial ischemic injury, and increased mortality during cardiac stress testing in vivo. CtermDys cardiomyopathy was more severe than in hearts completely lacking dystrophin. In vivo titration of CtermDys peptide content revealed an inverse relationship between the decay of membrane-bound CtermDys and the restoration of full-length dystrophin at the sarcolemma, in support of a physiologically relevant loss of dystrophin function in this model. CtermDys gene titration and dystrophin replacement studies further established a target threshold of 50% membrane-bound intact dystrophin necessary to prevent mice from CtermDys cardiomyopathy. Conversely, the NtermDys fragment did not compete with dystrophin and had no pathological effect. Thus, CtermDys must be localized to the sarcolemma, with intact dystrophin <50% of normal levels, to exert dominant-negative peptide-dependent cardiomyopathy. These data support a two-hit dominant-negative disease mechanism where membrane-associated CtermDys severs the link to cortical actin and inhibits both full-length dystrophin and compensatory utrophin from binding at the membrane. Therefore, membrane-bound CtermDys is a new potential translational target for virus-mediated cardiomyopathy.
Inhibitory Effects of Total Flavones from Vitis vinifer L. on Hepatitis B Virus in vitro

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effects of total flavones from Vitis vinifer L.on hepatitis B virus(HBV) replication and their toxicity in cultured human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line HepG 2.2.15 transfected with HBV DNA.Methods: After 8 days of treatment with total flavones from Vitis vinifer L.,the contents of HBsAg and HBeAg in the cell culture supernatant of HepG 2.2.15 were measured by ELISA to calculate the inhibitory rates against the secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg,the change in HBV DNA was monitored by real-time PCR,and cytotoxicity test was performed using MTT assay.Results: Addition of total flavones from Vitis vinifer L.in a dosage range of 12.5 to 100μg/mL could reduce the contents of HBsAg and HBeAg in the cell culture supernatant of HepG 2.2.15 to different extents.Little cytotoxic effect was observed with a median toxic concentration(TC50) of 284.91 μg/mL.The median effective doses(IC50) on HBsAg and HBeAg were 327.56 μg/mL and 215.34 μg/mL,and the therapeutic index for HBsAg and HbeAg were 0.87 and 1.32,respectively.Total flavones from Vitis vinifer L.at 100 μg/mL could inhibit HBV DNA by 47.63%.Conclusion: Total flavones from Vitis vinifer L.have inhibitory effects on HBV in vitro.
Von Willebrand's disease. Clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment

Recent developments regarding von Willebrand's disease, a complex disorder of hemostasis, have been helpful in understanding the clinical and laboratory manifestations of the disorder. This article discusses the pathogenesis and classification of the disorder, the role of von Willebrand factor in hemostasis, genetic counseling, and approaches to treatment.
Computerized Infectious Disease Monitor

The microbiology module of the HELP system analyzes microbiology data and, with information from other modules in the patient file, indicates when infections are nosocomial, reportable, or otherwise unusual. It alerts pharmacists when antibiotic use is inappropriate with respect to adequate coverage of the involved organism, cost, timing of perioperative administration, and length of use for postoperative prophylaxis [1].
Regression of hypoxic hypertension-induced changes in the elastic laminae of rat pulmonary arteries

Liu, S. Q. Regression of hypoxic hypertension-induced changes in the elastic laminae of rat pulmonary arteries.J. Appl. Physiol. 82(5): 1677–1684, 1997.—The elastic laminae of the pulmonary arterie...
Package Auctions and Combinatorial Bidding

In chapter 7, we found that multi-object auctions that promote uniform prices raise new problems not found in single item auctions. One is that if the bidders do not regard the goods as substitutes, then market clearing prices can fail to exist. When goods are not substitutes, the conception of auctions as mechanisms to identify market-clearing prices is fundamentally misguided. A second problem is that even when goods are substitutes, if the auction identifies uniform prices for each kind of good, there are generally incentives for bidders to bid for fewer units than they really want ( demand reduction ). That behavior can produce both inefficient outcomes and low revenue. So, even in those cases where the search for market clearing prices is not logically doomed to fail, mechanisms that might find market clearing prices when bidders are naive may still perform poorly when bidders are sophisticated and strategic. In this chapter, we explore another set of problems. When the auctioneer sells one indivisible good of fixed characteristics, she faces no question about how to package the goods offered for sale. If the characteristics of the good vary or if multiple buyers can divide it, we encounter that complex decision. This decision can be complicated even in mundane sales, such as the sale of a farm estate after the death of a farmer. Although the whole estate could be sold as a single entity, it could also be divided into smaller pieces for sale to individual bidders with varying demands.
Keystroke biometric studies with short numeric input on smartphones

A keystroke biometric system was extended to accommodate touchscreen keystroke features. In addition to the usual key-press and key-release timing features available from mechanical keyboards, the touchscreen features also included pressure, screen location, accelerometer, and gyroscope information. Short numeric input data, ten-digit numeric strings, were collected from 52 participants on identical Android smartphones. Several user authentication biometric experiments were performed on these data to measure overall system performance and to quantify the biometric value of various feature subsets. Two validation procedures (repeated random sub-sampling and leave-one-out cross-validation) and two distance metrics (Euclidean and Manhattan) were compared in the study, and the best results were compared to previous keystroke biometric studies. The best equal-error-rate performances on the key-press/release timing features, the touchscreen features, and all features combined were 19.7%, 4.0%, and 3.9%, respectively. Of the various touchscreen feature subsets, the gyroscope features performed best with an equal error rate of 4.3%.
The fate of sulfide during decompression melting of peridotite - implications for sulfur inventory of the MORB-source depleted upper mantle

Abstract Magmatism at mid ocean ridges is one of the main pathways of S outflux from deep Earth to the surface reservoirs and is a critical step in the global sulfur cycle, yet our understanding of the behavior of sulfide during decompression melting of the upper mantle is incomplete. In order to constrain the sulfur budget of the mantle and reconcile the sulfur and chalcophile element budget of mantle partial melts parental to primitive mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs), here we developed a model to describe the behavior of sulfide and Cu during decompression melting by combining the pMELTS thermodynamic model and empirical sulfur contents at sulfide concentration (SCSS) models, taking into account the effect of the presence of Ni and Cu in sulfides on SCSS of mantle-derived melts. Calculation of SCSS along melting adiabat at mantle potential temperature of 1380 °C with variable initial S content in the mantle indicates that the complete consumption or partial survival of sulfide in the melting residue depends on initial S content and degree of melting. Primitive MORBs (Mg# > 60) with S and Cu mostly concentrated in 800–1000 ppm and 80–120 ppm are likely mixture of sulfide undersaturated high degree melts and sulfide saturated low degree melts derived from depleted peridotite containing 100–200 ppm S. Model calculations to capture the effects of variable mantle potential temperatures (1280–1420 °C) indicate that for a given abundance of sulfide in the mantle, hotter mantle consumes sulfide more efficiently than colder mantle owing to the effect of temperature in enhancing sulfide solubility in silicate melt, and higher mantle temperature stabilizing partial melt with higher FeO ⁎ and lower SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 , all of which generally enhance sulfide solubility. However, sulfide can still be exhausted by ∼ 10 – 15 % melting with bulk S of 100–150 ppm in the mantle when T P is as low as 1300 °C. We also show that although variation of D Cu peridotite / melt and initial Cu in the mantle can all affect the Cu concentration of primitive MORBs, 100–200 ppm S in the MORB source mantle can satisfy both S and Cu geochemistry of partial melts parental to ocean floor basalts.
Systemically Injected Mesenchymal Stem Cells Traffic to Myelomatous Bone and Inhibit Bone Disease, and Intralesionally Promotes Bone Formation and Delays Myeloma Progression During the Disease Active Stage or Remission

Abstract 980 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cytotherapy has been clinically tested in various applications including bone regeneration, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. The aims of the study were to test the effect of MSCs cytotherapy on myeloma (MM) bone disease and tumor growth, and determine their ability to traffic into myelomatous bone during active disease stage and induction of remission by melphalan. We exploited the SCID-rab model for MM and a novel human myeloma cell line, Hg, established through our previously reported procedure (Xin et al., BJH 2007). Hg myeloma cells do not grow in culture but are capable of sequential passaging in SCID-rab mice. Microarray analysis revealed similar gene expression profiling between the Hg cell line and the original patient9s myeloma plasma cells, and that these cells are classified in the MMSET subgroup and express DKK1, indicating their authenticity and clinical relevancy. The human fetal MSCs were transduced with a luciferase/GFP reporter in a lentiviral vector for in vivo tracking. In Hg-bearing hosts (5 mice/group), intra-bone injection of MSCs (1×106 cells/mouse) increased bone mineral density (BMD) by 21±4% while in control, diluent injected bones it was reduced by 14±5% (p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
ISCHEMIC EVENTS OCCUR EARLY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PCI AND ARE REDUCED WITH CANGRELOR: FINDINGS FROM CHAMPION PHOENIX

Background: Cangrelor reduced death, MI(SCAI definition), ischemia-driven revascularization (IDR), or stent thrombosis (ARC-ST) at 48 hours in patients undergoing PCI in the CHAMPION PHOENIX trial. We sought to determine the timing of events to characterize the effects of cangrelor. Methods: A
Pearls & Oy-sters: Low-pressure hydrocephalus and inadequate shunting.

Disabling acute or subacute hydrocephalus can occur at low intraventricular pressures (<5–8 cm H2O).