cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complex Doping of Ga,In and Related Defect Study in Caged Skutterudites CoSb_3

Complex doping is one of the challenging problems to be understood in doping and the associated structure tuning in materials science. Here we investigate the single-impurity-induced complex doping behaviors of group 13 elements Ga or In in caged skutterudite CoSb3 through a combination of ab initio total-energy calculations and thermodynamics. Formation energies of void filling,Sb-substitution,and complex dual-site occupancy defects with different charge states,and their dependence on chemical potentials of species are considered. Our results show that Ga atoms predominantly form the dual-site 2GaVF- GaSbdefects and substitute for Sb only at very high Fermi levels or electron concentrations. Indium atoms,on the other hand,can play multiple roles in skutterudites,including filling in the crystalline voids,substituting for Sb atoms,or forming dual-site occupancy,among which the fully charge-compensated dual-site defects( 2InVF- InSband 4InVF- 2InSb) are dominant. The total defect concentrations are studied by using overall charge neutrality under the grand canonical ensemble. The concentration ratio of impurities at void-filling sites and that at Sb-substitution sites for Ga-doped CoSb3 is very close to be 2∶ 1,while this value visibly deviates from 2∶ 1 for In-doped CoSb3.The 2∶ 1 ratio of Ga-doping in CoSb3 causes low electron concentration( ~ 2 * 1019cm-3) and makes the doped system a semiconductor. The underlying physics of the doping behavior for group 13 elements in CoSb3 is also analyzed.
Residual Carbon Film Effect on the Corrosion Perforation of Condenser Copper Pipe

A severe corrosion perforation occurred to a power plant shortly after condenser updated brass tube put into use.In consideration of power plant cycle cooling water quality conditions,copper material conditions and the exstence of residual carbon and other factors,relevant test analysis are made on copper corrosion perforation.Test results confirms that the residual carbon film in copper pipe is the main cause of corrosion and perforation.
Distributed Optimal Power Flow Algorithm for Radial Networks, I: Balanced Single Phase Case

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem determines a network operating point that minimizes a certain objective such as generation cost or power loss. Traditionally, OPF is solved in a centralized manner. With increasing penetration of renewable energy in distribution system, we need faster and distributed solutions for real-time feedback control. This is difficult due to the nonlinearity of the power flow equations. In this paper, we propose a solution for balanced radial networks. It exploits recent results that suggest solving for a globally optimal solution of OPF over a radial network through the second-order cone program relaxation. Our distributed algorithm is based on alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM), but unlike standard ADMM-based distributed OPF algorithms that require solving optimization subproblems using iterative method, our decomposition allows us to derive closed form solutions for these subproblems, greatly speeding up each ADMM iteration. We illustrate the scalability of the proposed algorithm by simulating it on a real-world 2065-bus distribution network.
Sensitivity of MSE measurements on the beam atomic level population

The effect of variation in atomic level population of a neutral beam on the Motional Stark Effect (MSE) measurements is investigated in the low density plasmas of HSX stellarator. A 30 KeV, 4 A, 3 ms hydrogen diagnostic neutral beam is injected into HSX plasmas of line averaged electron density ranging from 2 to 4 ⋅ 1018 m−3 at a magnetic field of 1 T. For this density range, the excited level population of the hydrogen neutral beam is expected to undergo variations. Doppler shifted and Stark split Hα and Hβ emissions from the beam are simultaneously measured using two cross-calibrated spectrometers. The emission spectrum is simulated and fit to the experimental measurements and the deviation from a statistically populated beam is investigated.
Probing the femtosecond response of plasmonic nanoparticles with strong-field photoemission

We illuminate resonant and off-resonant plasmonic nanoparticles with few-cycle laser pulses and measure strong-field photoemission. Recording interferometric autocorrelations with the strong-field photocurrent, we study the response of the nanoparticle near-fields to ultrafast excitation.
Women in Local Government: What We Know and Where We Go from Here

Women are underrepresented in most elected and appointed positions in local government in the United States. This essay details what we know about women’s representation in cities and counties, wit...
Street-level emissions of methane and nitrous oxide from the wastewater collection system in Cincinnati, Ohio.

Abstract Recent studies have indicated that urban streets can be hotspots for emissions of methane (CH4) from leaky natural gas lines, particularly in cities with older natural gas distribution systems. The objective of the current study was to determine whether leaking sewer pipes could also be a source of street-level CH4 as well as nitrous oxide (N2O) in Cincinnati, Ohio, a city with a relatively new gas pipeline network. To do this, we measured the carbon (δ13C) and hydrogen (δ2H) stable isotopic composition of CH4 to distinguish between biogenic CH4 from sewer gas and thermogenic CH4 from leaking natural gas pipelines and measured CH4 and N2O flux rates and concentrations at sites from a previous study of street-level CH4 enhancements (77 out of 104 sites) as well as additional sites found through surveying sewer grates and utility manholes (27 out of 104 sites). The average isotopic signatures for δ13C-CH4 and δ2H-CH4 were −48.5‰ ± 6.0‰ and −302‰ ± 142‰. The measured flux rates ranged from 0.0 to 282.5 mg CH4 day−1 and 0.0–14.1 mg N2O day−1 (n = 43). The average CH4 and N2O concentrations measured in our study were 4.0 ± 7.6 ppm and 392 ± 158 ppb, respectively (n = 104). 72% of sites where fluxes were measured were a source of biogenic CH4. Overall, 47% of the sampled sites had biogenic CH4, while only 13% of our sites had solely thermogenic CH4. The other sites were either a source of both biogenic and thermogenic CH4 (13%), and a relatively large portion of sites had an unresolved source (29%). Overall, this survey of emissions across a large urban area indicates that production and emission of biogenic CH4 and N2O is considerable, although CH4 fluxes are lower than those reported for cities with leaky natural gas distribution systems.
Community and confinement: The evolving experience for isolation for leprosy in Carville, Louisiana.

The 19-year-old, recently engaged New Orleans woman was at the peak of her youth in the Christmas season of 1927 when she noticed pale, rose-colored spots on her legs—spots indicative of leprosy. Formally known as Hansen’s disease, leprosy is a mildly communicable chronic bacterial infection typically acquired in childhood that, over a period of years or decades, affects one’s peripheral nerves, skin, upper respiratory tract, and eyes, resulting in blindness, disfiguring skin lesions, and absorption of the bones and cartilage of fingers, toes, ears, and noses.1 Beginning in 1921, leprosy was, in all states but New York, grounds for isolation and treatment at the Public Health Service Hospital in Carville, Louisiana.2,3 Assured of a rapid cure by her fiance, in January 1928 the newly-diagnosed woman entered Carville. She left without a word except to her closest family members and a single friend, who would keep the secret of her diagnosis. Thus, “Betty Parker” was created. She would hide her true identity from all but the most intimate friends within the confines of Carville. The loss of identity seemed, initially, temporary; Parker was unable to predict she would be confined to Carville for the next two decades of her life. Parker’s story is framed by unfolding medical as well as social and political change over the course of the decades immediately before and following World War II. From the 1920s through the 1950s, from 1,500 to 5,000 people in the United States were estimated to have Hansen’s disease (in contrast to 108 known new U.S. cases since 1999).4 When Parker was first confined, the sole treatment for leprosy was Chaulmoogra oil—a foul smelling and largely ineffective tree extract that patients could opt to take either orally (at the price of extreme nausea) or by injection (at the risk of developing local abscesses). When Parker arrived at the start of the Great Depression, those confined at Carville shared little in common other than a sense of isolation and hopelessness. With the dawn of the antibiotic age in the early 1940s, however, the therapeutic prospects for those with leprosy were radically altered. With new hopes for recovery, the experience of confinement at Carville consequently changed. But therapeutic advance alone does not explain the shifts in the patient experience at Carville during the 1940s. A sense of community, after all, implies not just notions of association or connection to other people, but also common understandings of the fundamental political, social, and economic rights and entitlements of American citizens. Thus, the changing social context of the nation—from Depression, to World War, to Cold War—interacted with therapeutic change to profoundly shape the experience of community and confinement at Carville.
Application of Electron Spin Resonance Techniques to Biochemical Systems: Current Information on Photosynthetic Systems

ESR has the same advantage of being a nondestructive technique as does optical spectroscopy, and this makes it particularly applicable to biological systems. A review of various applications of ESR to biological systems will be given in such a way as to illustrate certain unique possibilities inherent in the method.
Purification and Culture of Erythroid Progenitor Cells

Purified cells can be utilized for studies involving growth factor regulated development of erythroid progenitor cells. For example, Fig. 4 demonstrates the expression pattern of β-globin and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA during differentiation of highly purified human erythroid progenitors. Studies have been performed to delineate the expression of Epo receptor mRNA and the roles of each of the growth factors that are required for proliferation and differentiation of these cells [32, 33]. In addition, highly purified ECFC are useful for studying genes that regulate apoptosis since the withdrawal of Epo from these cell cultures induces apoptosis within 6–10 hours, between days 7–9 of culture [3,34]. Also, these cells are useful for studying erythroid membrane proteins and their structures, including biophysical properties in a dynamic fashion during terminal differentiation [35]. ECFC could also be utilized to extract RNA for construction of cDNA libraries in order to isolate novel genes that may play a role in guiding the differentiation of erythroid progenitors. Finally, the methodologies reported here can be used to purify cells from hematopoietic progenitor cell disorders such as PV [ 18,24], myelodysplasia, and erythroleukemia for studying genes involving the pathogenesis of these diseases. The study of the development of normal human erythroid progenitor cells, as well as diseased human progenitor cells, depends on the purity, uniformity of maturation, and the number of these target cells. Pure cells are just as vital to good studies as pure chemicals, and studies of primary cells are extremely important to verify real mechanisms and to remove the possibility of artifacts due to transformed cell lines. It is now clear that the methods described here for the study of human blood BFU-E and CFU-E allow molecular studies to proceed that should reveal the normal control of erythropoietic development, as well as the pathogenesis of erythropoietic diseases.
Attitudes and Beliefs About Suicidal Behavior When Coming Out Is the Precipitant of the Suicidal Behavior

Young persons who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) have higher rates of nonfatal suicidal behavior than their heterosexual peers. It has been suggested that suicidal behavior may be a painful but unavoidable rite of passage for LGB youths at the coming out stage. Could this mean that suicidal behavior is considered understandable and even permissible behavior for LGB youths at this stage? In this study we explored reactions to a suicidal decision when coming out was the precipitant of the suicidal act. Specifically, we compared attitudes toward a suicidal decision after coming out and being rejected by one's parents with attitudes toward a suicidal decision after experiencing other stressors (i.e., a physical illness, a relationship loss, or an academic failure). Contrary to expectation, the decision to engage in suicidal behavior following coming out was not viewed in relatively accepting terms. Rather, it was perceived as unsound and weak. As in previous studies, physical illness was singled out as a relatively understandable motivation for suicidal behavior. In addition, we found that androgynous persons viewed the suicidal decision as more unsound than other gender-identity types, independent of precipitant. Given similar evidence from other studies, future research might explore the role of androgyny in the protection against suicidal behavior.
Biology and Natural History: What Makes the Difference?

The distinction between the historical and theoretical sciences runs through rather than between academic disciplines. Some branches of biology, like evolutionary biology, genetics, and phylogeny, are historical. Other branches that study types of biological objects in theoretical contexts independent of space and time, like biochemistry, anatomy, and cell biology, are theoretical. The historical sciences infer origins, common causes of information-preserving effects in the present: phylogeny and evolutionary biology infer the origins of species from homologies, genome sequences, and fossils. Historians of humanity infer past events and processes from their effects in the present, documents, material remains, visual depictions, and recordings. I explicate the ontological distinction between types and tokens that lies at the basis of the distinction between the historical and theoretical sciences. Then, I demonstrate how this distinction leads to different epistemic methodologies for the historical and theoretical sciences. Finally, I address the heuristic issue of explanation in the historical and theoretical sciences. I distinguish two senses of explanation in the historical sciences: a strict one that explains the evidence and looser and context-dependent one that explains representations of historical events. Explanations in the second sense, that is, explanations of events, explain the evidence in the first sense. The evidence and events that the historical sciences explain are tokens. The theoretical sciences, by contrast, are not interested in token evidence and events, but in types of replicated evidence and repeated events.
Human Hepatic Progenitor Cell Expansion in Liver Fibrosis of Elderly Cadavers

AIMS: Expansion of human hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) is a key feature of liver fibrosis associated with a variety of chronic liver diseases. We studied HPC expansion and its relationship to canals of Hering (CoH) and ductular reaction (DR) in liver fibrosis progression of aged cadavers. METHODS: Thirty-five cadavers (83.8 ± 10.8 years) with minimal fibrosis, septal fibrosis, bridging fibrosis and incomplete cirrhosis were studied. Cytokertin 7 immunoperoxidase staining was used to highlight HPCs, CoH and DR. RESULTS: HPC counts in the periportal HPC compartment and in the mid-lobule and centrilobule were 2.3-2.7 times and 2.8-4.5 times higher in advanced fibrosis stages (septal fibrosis, bridging fibrosis and incomplete cirrhosis) compared to minimal fibrosis, respectively. Periportal CoH numbers and DR grades were 2.0-2.6 times and 2.6-2.7 times higher in advanced fibrosis than in minimal fibrosis, respectively. Both CoH numbers and DR grades significantly correlated with periportal HPC counts. There was also a significant correlation between CoH numbers and DR grades. Portal inflammation, but not lobular inflammation, was significant in bridging fibrosis. Steatosis was not an obvious feature associated with the HPC expansion. CONCLUSION: Increased periportal and lobular HPC counts reflect an expansion of HPCs with increased periportal to lobular HPC migration. The expansion likely represents a regenerative response to chronic liver injury in the elderly. Our findings also point to an intricate linkage between the HPCs, CoH and DR in hepatic fibrogenesis. Cadaveric livers provide a source of specimens for evaluating the role of HPCs in fibrosis progression of the aged liver.
Scattering by Two Vertical Thin Metallic Wires Truncated by a Horizontal Metal Plane

An approximate analytical solution is obtained in closed form for the scattering of a plane electromagnetic wave obliquely incident on two parallel thin metallic wires that are truncated perpendicularly by a metal plate.
Analysis of Multifactorial Social Unrest Events with Spatio-Temporal k-Dimensional Tree-based DBSCAN

Clustering geospatial event data requires defining a distance function between events as well as representing neighborhood characteristics where an event occurred in numerical or categorical values. For events such as social unrest events, in addition to the geospatial coordinates and time stamps, other factors needed to understand how they evolve include socioeconomic factors that fuel, say, the emergence of a social unrest event, and infrastructural factors that facilitate, say, the propagation of an event to nearby regions. In this paper, we focus on addressing two main challenges in spatiotemporal clustering of such event data: (1) how to derive a numeric representation of nearby geospatial objects in a neighborhood for an event, and (2) how to improve the clustering process to scale well for very large datasets. To address the first challenge, we propose two metrics---proximity and density---of geospatial objects, and incorporate them into the definition of a distance function between events. To address the second challenge, we propose a novel Spatio-Temporal k-Dimensional Tree-based DBSCAN (ST-KDT-DBSCAN) clustering approach that restricts the search radius for each event during clustering by first organizing the dataset into a k-dimensional tree structure, subsequently creating a Fixed-Radius Near Neighbor (FRNN) object for each event, and then carrying out DBSCAN considering only each event's FRNN object when computing reachability. We have applied the solutions to 29,371 unrest events with socioeconomic and infrastructural factors recorded for the year 2014 in India, to identify event episodes in order to analyze how social unrest evolves. Our results show the viability and scalability of our solutions.
Catholic Early Years Educators’ Dilemma: Remaining Faithful to Children’s Spiritualities

Belonging, Being and Becoming: The Early Years Learning Framework for Australia [EYLF] (Department of Education Employment and Workplace Relations, 2009), a nationally mandated document, requires educators to consider the spiritual aspects of children’s lives and learning within a holistic approach to the early years. In addition, this document requires that educators’ own practices be culturally competent, that is, they are to value ‘the cultural and social contexts of children and their family’ (p. 14).
MESENCHYMAL CHONDROSARCOMA OF THE MAXILLA: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MCS) is a rare subtype of chondrosarcoma accounting for less than 2% of all chondrosarcomas, first described by Lichtenstein and Bernstein in 1959. The majority develop as intraosseous lesions, and the jawbones are among the most common primary sites. The peak incidence is between ages 10-30. In this report, we present a case of MCS diagnosed in the maxilla and review the literature for previously reported cases. A 20-year-old female presented to oral and maxillofacial surgery with a five-month history of sinus congestion. A panoramic radiograph demonstrated a diffuse radiopacity of the right maxillary sinus and a CT scan revealed extension of the lesion to the orbit. A biopsy exhibited a proliferation of cells with basophilic cytoplasm varying in appearance from round to spindled. Numerous atypical mitotic figures were noted and foci of chondroid material were scattered throughout the lesion. Immunohistochemical studies revealed diffuse reactivity of the cellular proliferation with CD99 and positivity of S-100 within the cartilaginous tissue. These findings were consistent with a diagnosis of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma and genetic studies confirmed HEY1-NCOA2 fusion to support the diagnosis. The patient was referred to a sarcoma center for further management. The literature was reviewed for previous cases of MCS of the maxilla. Including the current case, there are 41 cases with a male:female ratio of 1:1.4. The age at diagnosis ranged from 9-83 years with a mean age of 30 years and median age of 26 years. MCS is a rare high-grade malignancy with a ten-year survival of 10-54%. While some studies have suggested that MCS of the jawbones may have an improved prognosis compared to those originating in other sites, others have disputed that finding. Familiarity with the radiographic and histopathologic features of MCS may aid in the diagnosis of this rare sarcoma.
Prolaris Test for Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment.

The Prolaris test improves the accuracy of prognosis for patients with prostate cancer, especially those with low- or intermediate-grade disease who may be deciding between interventional and noninterventional treatment approaches.
IEEE Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC 2019)

Presents information n the IEEE Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC 2019).
Career Motivators for Community Pediatric Hospitalists.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Within the field of pediatric hospital medicine, physicians can choose to work at community-based or university-based centers. The factors that motivate pediatric hospitalists to work specifically at community sites have not yet been fully explored. Our objective with this study was to elucidate the motivators for pediatric hospitalists to begin and continue work at community sites. METHODS: A qualitative study was performed via phone-based focus groups. Physicians were included if they were able to attend 1 of the offered group sessions and they self-identified as spending the majority of their time working as community-based pediatric hospitalists. Data were analyzed through a constant comparative analysis. RESULTS: Five themes emerged regarding factors that motivate pediatricians to begin and continue their careers as hospitalists in the community. The themes were (1) professional impact, (2) scope of practice, (3) personal and professional satisfaction, (4) community involvement, and (5) job availability. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals the key factors that motivate community pediatric hospitalists to begin and continue working in the community.
Search For Yield and Global Structured Product Crashes

Average (and median) noninterest to interest income ratios across large US bank holding companies rise and collapse before the Tequila Crisis and the Global Financial Crisis, which could reflect the rise in fee income from structuring products that ultimately failed. The ratios are co-integrated with and Granger-caused by long-term US Treasury yields, suggesting declines in yields may stimulate sales of highly rated but risky structured products to investors searching for yield. Raising capital requirements as Basle III recommends may not ease the problem, but using Flannery’s (2005) reverse convertible debentures, along with traditional deposit insurance, to maintain regulatory capital might.
“Sleeper” Antiquities: Misattributions in Sales of Ancient Art

“Sleepers” are artworks or collectibles that are undervalued because one or more characteristics go unrecognized. This article discusses 12 sleepers that have been sold at auction on the antiquity market since 2007 whose attribution as antiquities were originally overlooked, either accidentally or deliberately. The objects are presented in the context of a theoretical framework describing both the legal and economic incentives to perform due diligence and to reveal, or “awaken,” a sleeper antiquity. The theory implies that sleepers may arise for several reasons, and the case studies are grouped accordingly. Most pressingly, the analysis identifies two ways in which sellers are disincentivized to be transparent about an object’s identity: when they can exploit legal loopholes to deliberately misattribute an antiquity and mediate export and when they can hide disagreement about an object’s authenticity to mediate its sale. Placing the case studies in the broader market context, we highlight particular areas that should be addressed by policy or regulatory reform. The analysis also has wider applications to other forms of art.
Religious Conversations and Relational Uncertainty in Romantic Relationships as Mediators of Family Communication Patterns and Young Adults’ Mental Well-being

This study examined the degree to which religious conversations and relational uncertainty with a romantic partner mediate the associations between family communication patterns (FCPs) (i.e., conve...
Stereotactic Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Targeting System for Murine Brain Models

An inexpensive, accurate focused ultrasound stereotactic targeting method guided by pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images for murine brain models is presented. An uncertainty of each sub-component of the stereotactic system was analyzed. The entire system was calibrated using clot phantoms. The targeting accuracy of the system was demonstrated with an in vivo mouse glioblastoma (GBM) model. The accuracy was quantified by the absolute distance difference between the prescribed and ablated points visible on the pre treatment and posttreatment MR images, respectively. A precalibration phantom study ( ${N} = {6}$ ) resulted in an error of 0.32 ± 0.31, 0.72 ± 0.16, and 1.06 ± 0.38 mm in axial, lateral, and elevational axes, respectively. A postcalibration phantom study ( ${N} = {8}$ ) demonstrated a residual error of 0.09 ± 0.01, 0.15 ± 0.09, and 0.47 ± 0.18 mm in axial, lateral, and elevational axes, respectively. The calibrated system showed significantly reduced ( ${p} ) error of 0.20 ± 0.21, 0.34 ± 0.24, and 0.28 ± 0.21 mm in axial, lateral, and elevational axes, respectively, in the in vivo GBM tumor-bearing mice ( ${N} = {10}$ ).
Maternal Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Select for Neutralization-Resistant Infant Transmitted/Founder HIV Variants

Each year, over 180,000 infants become infected via mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) of HIV despite the wide availability of highly effective maternal antiretroviral treatments, underlining the need for a maternal HIV vaccine to end the pediatric HIV epidemic. Here, we characterized 225 maternal HIV Envelope (Env)-specific IgG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from seven U.S. and Malawian HIV-infected non-transmitting and transmitting mothers and examined their neutralization activity against autologous circulating non-transmitted viruses and infant transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses. Maternal linear V3 epitope-specific IgG mAbs neutralized maternal circulating non-transmitted viruses yet their paired infant T/F viruses were neutralization resistant to these V3-specific IgG mAbs. We also report that maternal plasma broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) responses targeting the N332 V3 glycan supersite in a transmitting woman selected for an N332 V3 glycan neutralization-resistant infant T/F virus, demonstrating that vertical transmission can occur in the presence of maternal plasma bNAb responses. These data have important implications for vaccination strategies aimed at eliciting bNAbs as well as ongoing clinical trials testing the viral-suppressive or prophylactic-potential of passively administered bNAbs in the setting of MTCT.
Survival outcomes of lateral skull base tumors following temporal bone resection

BACKGROUND Lateral skull base tumors often necessitate temporal bone resection (TBR), although clinical outcomes can be unfavorable. Factors influencing survival and recurrence after TBR for cutaneous and salivary malignancies were evaluated. METHODS Twenty-six TBR subjects were included. Survival and recurrence outcomes were estimated at 1, 2, and 5 years postresection. Prognostic factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression. RESULTS Two years postresection, the overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were 61%, 74%, and 49%, respectively, and 51%, 63%, and 45% at 5 years. On univariate analysis, preoperative facial nerve dysfunction and intraoperative nerve sacrifice worsened OS, DSS, and RFS. Prior surgery and adjuvant radiation independently predicted reduced OS, DSS, and RFS on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Mortality is highest in the first 2 years following resection. Preoperative facial nerve dysfunction, facial nerve sacrifice, and prior radiation are negative predictors of survival and recurrence.
Magnetic and dielectric property control in the multivalent nanoscale perovskite Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3

We report nanoscale Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3, a multiferroic in the bulk and candidate in the search to quantify the electric dipole moment of the electron. Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3, in the form of nanoparticles and other nanostructures is interesting for nanocomposite integration, biomedical imaging and fundamental research, based upon the prospect of polarizability, f-orbital magnetism and tunable optical/radio luminescence. We developed a [non-hydrolytic]sol–[H2O-activated]gel route, derived from in-house metallic Ba(s)/Eu(s) alkoxide precursors and Ti{(OCH(CH3)2}4. Two distinct nanoscale compounds of Ba:Ti:Eu with the parent perovskite crystal structure were produced, with variable dielectric, magnetic and optical properties, based on altering the oxidizing/reducing conditions. Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3 prepared under air/O2 atmospheres produced a spherical core–shell nanostructure (30–35 nm), with perovskite Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3 nanocrystal core-insulating oxide shell layer (∼3 nm), presumed a pre-pyrochlore layer abundant with Eu3+. Fluorescence spectroscopy shows a high intensity 5D0 → 7F2 transition at 622 nm and strong red fluorescence. The core/shell structure demonstrated excellent capacitive properties: assembly into dielectric thin films gave low conductivity (2133 GΩ mm−1) and an extremely stable, low loss permittivity of eeff ∼25 over a wide frequency range (tan δ < 0.01, 100 kHz–2 MHz). Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3 prepared under H2/argon produced more irregular shaped nanocrystals (20–25) nm, with a thin film permittivity around 4 times greater (eeff 101, tan δ < 0.05, 10 kHz–2 MHz, σ ∼59.54 kΩ mm−1). Field-cooled magnetization values of 0.025 emu g−1 for EBTO-Air and 0.84 emu g−1 for EBTO-Argon were observed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals a complex interplay of EuII/III/TiIII/IV configurations which contribute to the observed ferroic and fluorescence behavior.
Personnel Turnover and the Legitimacy of the European Union

How does personnel turnover affect the legitimacy of the EU? This chapter establishes the foundations upon which this question can be addressed. It argues that questions about turnover’s consequences can be examined through a framework focused on three facets of legitimacy (input, output, and throughput). It discusses three sets of propositions—those arising from a populist critique of EU politics, a feminist critique of EU politics, and academic studies of turnover—that link turnover to EU legitimacy. The chapter defines personnel turnover and presents data on turnover across time in the seven treaty-established EU institutions. It concludes by presenting the structure of Personnel Turnover and the Legitimacy of the EU.
Phorbol ester and interferon-gamma modulation of epidermal growth factor receptors on human amniotic (WISH) cells.

Abstract In this study we report that pretreatment of human amniotic (WISH) cells with interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) in the presence of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) resulted in the down-modulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors with respect to both receptor number and affinity. Scatchard analysis of EGF binding in the absence of both IFN-gamma and TPA indicated biphasic binding whereas addition of TPA resulted in the loss of the higher affinity class of sites. Pretreatment with IFN-gamma for 24 h enhanced the TPA-induced inhibition of EGF binding whereas IFN-gamma alone had no effect on binding. Protein kinase C (Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent enzyme) was examined as a possible mediator of IFN-induced EGF-receptor modulation; pretreatment of cells with IFN-gamma affected neither the binding of [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate to membrane or cytosolic fractions nor the protein kinase C activity, suggesting that IFN-gamma pretreatment did not result in translocation or activation of protein kinase C.
Psychopathy: cognitive and neural dysfunction

Psychopathy is a developmental disorder marked by emotional deficits and an increased risk for antisocial behavior. It is not equivalent to the diagnosis Antisocial Personality Disorder, which concentrates only on the increased risk for antisocial behavior and not a specific cause-ie, the reduced empathy and guilt that constitutes the emotional deficit. The current review considers data from adults with psychopathy with respect to the main cognitive accounts of the disorder that stress either a primary attention deficit or a primary emotion deficit. In addition, the current review considers data regarding the neurobiology of this disorder. Dysfunction within the amygdala's role in reinforcement learning and the role of ventromedial frontal cortex in the representation of reinforcement value is stressed. Data is also presented indicating potential difficulties within parts of temporal and posterior cingulate cortex. Suggestions are made with respect to why these deficits lead to the development of the disorder.
Minimality of non-sigma-scattered orders

In this paper we will characterize — under appropriate axiomatic assumptions — when a linear order is minimal with respect to not being a countable union of scattered suborders. We show that, assuming PFA, the only linear orders which are minimal with respect to not being σ-scattered are either Countryman types or real types. We also outline a plausible approach to demonstrating the relative consistency of There are no minimal non σ-scattered linear orders. In the process of establishing these results, we will prove combinatorial characterizations of when a given linear order is σ-scattered and when it contains either a real or Aronszajn type.
The Challenge of Transcultural Competence: Background Reading of Target Culture Current Events Articles

At the lower and intermediate-levels of language instruction, students do not have suffi cient language profi ciency to inform themselves about current events in the target language. Knowledge of current events is an important part of cultural competence and should not be absent from instruction because of linguistic restrictions. This article proposes to remedy this problem, by creating out-of-class reading assignments of current events articles from US and international English language news sources. The article provides practical information on selection criteria for articles, suggests news sources, and gives examples of assignments.
Methods for Detecting and Correcting for Population Stratification

Population stratification (PS) is a primary consideration in studies of the genetic determinants of human traits. Failure to control for it may lead to confounding, causing a study to fail for lack of significant results or resources to be wasted following false-positive signals. Here we review historical and current approaches for addressing PS when performing genetic association studies in human populations. We describe methods for detecting the presence of PS including global and local ancestry methods. We also describe approaches for accounting for PS when calculating association statistics, such that measures of association are not confounded. This is particularly important since many traits are being examined in minority populations, populations that may inherently feature PS. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 73:1.22.1-1.22.14. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: population stratification; association confounding; global ancestry; local ancestry; admixture
Linville power plane stability and bandwidth improvements in a minimum-drift video amplifier

The stability of a previously designed, minimum-drift video amplifier is studied over a wide bandwidth. An original upper frequency of 2 MHz has been extended to 20 MHz using high-frequency compensation techniques. The Y-parameters were measured at 3.0 MHz and used in the Linville power plane to determine the input and output power curves. Two techniques for enhancing the system response have been investigated. In the mismatch method, a stem stability factor was chosen to keep the system stability over a wide band of frequencies. The neutralization method in which the intrinsic feedback parameter Y/sub 12/ is neutralized is discussed. While both methods show acceptable stability improvements, the mismatch method is used because it does not require an additional transformer to the system. The video amplifier LM733 driven by the N-channel BFR84 MOSFET has been used for demonstration. >
3-Hydroxybenzoate 6-hydroxylase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Abstract An inducible 3-hydroxybenzoate 6-hydroxylase has been purified to homogeneity from Pseudomonas aeruginosa . It contains FAD as a prosthetic group. 3-Hydroxybenzoate is quantitatively hydroxylated to give gentisate with equimolar consumptions of NADH and O2. NADPH will substitute as an electron donor, and several aromatic analogues of 3-hydroxybenzoate stimulate reduced nucleotide oxidation by the enzyme with formation of both hydrogen peroxide and hydroxylated products. Of various analogues of 3-hydroxybenzoate, those substituted in 2,4,5 and 6-positions are competent substrates; partial uncoupling of electron flow from hydroxylation with concomitant formation of hydrogen peroxide and “gentisates” occurs. The “natural” product of the reaction, gentisate, is an effector in that it stimulates NADH oxidation with the formation of hydrogen peroxide. 3-hydroxybenzoate 6-hydroxylase thus resembles other flavoprotein hydroxylases in the general regulatory properties dictated by their aromatic substrates, pseudosubstrates or effectors.
Hydrologic Processes Influencing Streamflow Variation in Fryxell Basin, Antarctica

In the McMurdo Dry Valleys, glacial meltwater streams are a critical linkage between the glaciers and the lakes in the valley bottoms. This paper analyzes the physiographic characteristics and six years of discharge data from five streams in order to better characterize the dynamic inputs into Lake Fryxell, a closed basin in Taylor Valley. These feeder streams typically flow only for six to eight weeks during the summer, and streamflow is highly variable on an interannual as well as daily basis. During low flow years, the shorter streams contributed a higher proportion of the total annual inflow into the lake; this pattern may reflect the greater losses to wetting the hyporheic zone. Comparisons of the period of direct sun on the glacier faces with the time of peak flow suggested that solar position and melt from the glacier faces are the dominant controls on the diurnal fluctuations in streamflow. An analysis of streamflow recession showed considerable variability between streams and in some cases, over time. For example, recession coefficients for Canada Stream, a short stream with an incised channel, were fairly invariant with streamflow. In contrast, the recession coefficients for Lost Seal Stream, an unconfined, low gradient stream, increased significantly with increasing discharge. These observations lead to hypotheses for the control of streamflow dynamics in the McMurdo Dry Valleys by climate, solar position, and geomotphic factors.
Fully differential, high-speed current-mode controlled dividers designed using modular approach

This paper presents the technique of current mode switching in designing differential dividers for high-speed operation. Two dividers with fixed dividing ratios and a programmable divider are described to show the improvement in speed and noise performance by using current mode control and differential structure. Best performances can be obtained by optimizing parasitic. Dividers and logic gates have been designed in a modular fashion so that any dividing ratio can be obtained.
Protein phosphorylation analysis – a primer

Protein phosphorylation is possibly the most common intracellular protein modification affecting several different amino acid residues. Its dynamic nature makes it extremely important in cellular regulation mechanisms warranting the need for reliable, fast, sensitive methods for the detection of this modification. The primer gives a brief synopsis on the method that is most commonly used in today's biological laboratories with references to the original literature for more detailed reading. Keywords: radioactive labeling; Edman degradation; phosphospecific antibodies; mass spectrometry; IMAC; precursor ion scanning; neutral loss scanning
Programming in Common LISP

Essential LISP. Standard List Operations. Control Structures. More List Operations. Programming Style. Input and Output. Functions. How LISP Works. Macros. Embedding Languages in LISP. Advanced Features. Other Features of Common LISP. Appendix 1. Appendix 2. Appendix 3. Index.
Murder Masquerading as Suicide: Postmortem Assessment of Suicide Risk Factors at the Time of Death

Postmortem assessments of suicide risk factors present at the time of death were used to expose a murder masquerading as a suicide. Postmortem assessment of clinically based suicide risk factors in equivocal suicide cases should readily meet prevailing evidentiary criteria of "reasonableness." Assessing the presence or absence of suicide risk factors can assist in clarifying the question of suicide intent at the time of death. However, discerning the motives for suicide is usually a more difficult task. Forensic opinions should avoid conclusory statements that invade the province of the fact finder in determining criminal responsibility.
Integrating health promotion and occupational safety and health in manufacturing worksites: Perspectives of leaders in small-to-medium sized businesses.

BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence suggests that worksite interventions integrating worksite health promotion (WHP) and occupational safety and health (OSH) may be more efficacious and have higher participation rates than health promotion programs offered alone. However, dissemination of integrated programs is complicated by lack of tools for implementation – particularly for small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs). OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study is to describe perceptions of acceptability and feasibility of implementing an integrated approach to worker health that coordinates WHP and OSH in SMBs. METHODS: In September to November 2012, decision-makers for employee health programming within SMBs (< 750 employees) in greater Minneapolis were identified. Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed to develop an understanding of perceived benefits and barriers, awareness, and capacity for implementing an integrated approach. RESULTS:Worker health was widely valued by participants. They reported strong management support for improving employee health and safety. Most participants indicated that their company was open to making changes in their approach to worker health; however, cost and staffing considerations were frequently perceived as barriers. CONCLUSIONS: There are opportunities for implementing integrated worksite health programs in SMBs with existing resources and values. However, challenges to implementation exist, as these worksites may lack the appropriate resources.
Curvature and Quantum Mechanics on Covariant Causal Sets

This article begins by reviewing the causal set approach in discrete quantum gravity. In our version of this approach a special role is played by covariant causal sets which we call $c$-causets. The importance of $c$-causets is that they support the concepts of a natural distance function, geodesics and curvature in a discrete setting. We then discuss curvature in more detail. By considering $c$-causets with a maximum and minimum number of paths, we are able to find $c$-causets with large and small average curvature. We then briefly discuss our previous work on the inflationary period when the curvature was essentially zero. Quantum mechanics on $c$-causets is considered next. We first introduce a free wave equation for $c$-causets. We then show how the state of a particle with a specified mass (or energy) can be derived from the wave equation. It is demonstrated for small examples that quantum mechanics predicts that particles tend to move toward vertices with larger curvature.
The moral arc of the universe: salvation as emancipation

Resumen: Muchas interpretaciones modernas de la salvacion trasfiguran y personalizan la salvacion. La estancia eterna de un alma en el cielo es posible por medio de la salvacion. Las ideas judias y cristianas son mas profundas y complicadas e incluyen una idea de la salvacion como una emancipacion de "poderes y principios." La salvacion llega despues de una adaptacion por el dirigente legitimo del universo y una liberacion de la esclavitud a otros dirigentes falsos. Yo resumo el significado del Exodo y las interpretaciones cristianas del reino de Dios en tres de los movimientos mas importantes de la emancipacion en la historia de los Estados Unidos, y hasta se podria decir del mundo: la Revolucion Americana, la campana abolicionista y el movimiento por los derechos civiles. Abstract: Many modern Christian understandings of salvation spiritualize and personalize salvation. Salvation is what makes it possible for an individual soul to spend eternity in heaven. Jewish and Christian notions of salvation are richer and more complicated, and include an understanding of salvation as emancipation from "powers and principalities." To be saved is to be adopted by the rightful ruler of the universe and liberated from servitude to all other false rulers. I briefly outline the significance of the Exodus and Christian understandings of the kingdom of God for three of the major emancipation movements in the history of the United States, and arguably the world, namely the American Revolution, the abolitionist movement, and the Civil Rights movement.
The relationship between prevalence and duration of weight loss strategies and weight loss among overweight managed care organization members enrolled in a weight loss trial

Background Many adults in the United States report engaging in weight loss behaviors. The current study examined weight loss strategies among managed care organization members, to determine the prevalence and impact of weight loss behaviors in this population. We hypothesized that greater engagement in weight loss strategies would be associated with greater weight loss success.