cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Drug- or Alcohol-Facilitated, Incapacitated, and Forcible Rape in Relationship to Mental Health Among a National Sample of Women

Rape is a well-established risk factor for mental health disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. However, most studies have focused on forcible rape tactics and have not distinguished these from tactics that involve drug or alcohol intoxication. The authors’ aim was to examine correlates of PTSD and depression in a community sample of women, with particular emphasis on evaluating the unique effects of lifetime exposure to three specific rape tactics. A nationally representative sample of 3,001 noninstitutionalized, civilian, English- or Spanish-speaking women (aged 18-86 years) participated in a structured telephone interview by use of Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) technology. Multivariable models showed that history of drug or alcohol-facilitated rape tactics (OR = 1.87, p < .05) and history of forcible rape tactics (OR = 3.46, p < .001) were associated with PTSD. History of forcible rape was associated with depression (OR = 3.65, p < .001). Forcible rape ...
Blind separation of linear mixtures of digital signals using successive interference cancellation iterative least squares

We consider blind separation of linear mixtures of digital communication signals in noise. When little or nothing can be assumed about the mixing matrix, signal separation may be achieved by exploiting structural properties of the transmitted signals. ILSP and ILSE are two iterative least squares (ILS) separation algorithms that exploit the finite-alphabet property. ILSE is monotonically convergent and performs very well, but its complexity is exponential in the number of signals; ILSP is computationally cheaper, but is not guaranteed to converge monotonically, and leaves much to be desired in terms of BER-SNR performance relative to ILSE. We propose two computationally efficient and provably monotonically convergent ILS blind separation algorithms based on an optimal scaling Lemma. The signal estimation step of both algorithms is reminiscent of successive interference cancellation (SIC) ideas. For well-conditioned data and moderate SNR, the proposed algorithms attain the performance of ILSE at the complexity cost of ILSP.
Ten Commandments for Effective Clinical Decision Support: Making the Practice of Evidence-based Medicine a Reality

While evidence-based medicine has increasingly broad-based support in health care, it remains difficult to get physicians to actually practice it. Across most domains in medicine, practice has lagged behind knowledge by at least several years. The authors believe that the key tools for closing this gap will be information systems that provide decision support to users at the time they make decisions, which should result in improved quality of care. Furthermore, providers make many errors, and clinical decision support can be useful for finding and preventing such errors. Over the last eight years the authors have implemented and studied the impact of decision support across a broad array of domains and have found a number of common elements important to success. The goal of this report is to discuss these lessons learned in the interest of informing the efforts of others working to make the practice of evidence-based medicine a reality.
THE BRAZILIAN WORKERS' PARTY: FROM LOCAL PRACTICES TO NATIONAL POWER

Brazil's Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT), well into its second term in national office, is today heavily criticized for its conservative economic policies when only a few years ago it was celebrated for re-invigorating the country's democracy and giving voice to its poor majority. In this essay, we discuss the role of participation in the party's politics since its inception, with a focus on the national administration. We argue that what is distinctive about the national administration is not so much the real or perceived transition of the PT to the ideological center or its economic policies per se, but the abandonment of one of the hallmarks of the PT in power: its creative forms of empowered popular participation. Even if these practices were translated to global forums, they were not translated to the national governance and this has locked the party into increasing conflict with, and isolation from, its base of support among social movements.
Theory and Distance Education: A New Discussion

Theories guide the practice and research of distance education. Traditionally, theories of distance education have been derived from classical European or American models based on correspondence study. Recently, telecommunications systems have significantly altered the practice of distance education in the United States and have produced a uniquely American approach to this field. This has created the need for a new theory to guide the practice of distance education. This theory, called Equivalency Theory, is described and compared to the historical theories of distance education.
Phragmites australis (common reed) invasion in the Rhode River subestuary of the Chesapeake Bay: disentangling the effects of foliar nutrients, genetic diversity, patch size, and seed viability.

The invasion and expansion of the introduced haplotype of Phragmites australis across North America is of growing concern. Previous studies in the Chesapeake Bay region found that Phragmites was more abundant, had higher foliar nitrogen, and produced more viable seeds in brackish wetland subestuaries with more anthropogenic development of the watershed. Here, we focus on a different scale and address issues related to the invasion of Phragmites within a single subestuary, the Rhode River. We evaluated patterns in seed viability, foliar nutrient concentrations, patch size, and genetic variation in ten Phragmites patches in wetlands that occur in the side of the subestuary that is surrounded by forest and 10 patches in wetlands that are in the side of the subestuary that has extensive anthropogenic development. Seed viability varied from 0–60% among the 20 patches but did not differ significantly between patches on the developed vs. forested sides of the Rhode River. Foliar nutrients also did not differ between patches on the two sides of the Rhode River. Seed viability, however, was negatively related to foliar nutrients. Most Phragmites patches consisted of >1 genotype. Larger patches had multiple genotypes, and patches with more genotypes produced more viable seeds. Our study indicates that the Rhode River subestuary behaves as one system with no differences in the measured Phragmites variables between the forested vs. developed sides of the watershed. Our findings also suggest a cyclical process by which Phragmites can spread: larger patches contain more genetic diversity, which increases the chances for cross-fertilization. The subsequent increased production of viable seeds can increase local levels of genetic diversity, which can further facilitate the spread of Phragmites by seed.
Impact of precipitation dynamics on net ecosystem productivity

Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) was measured on shortgrass steppe (SGS) vegetation at the USDA Central Plains Experimental Range in northeastern Colorado from 2001 to 2003. Large year-to-year differences were observed in annual NEP, with >95% of the net carbon uptake occurring during May and June. Low precipitation during the 2002 April to June time period greatly reduced annual net carbon uptake. Large precipitation events (>10 mm day 1 ) promoted carbon uptake, while small precipitation events ( 5 mm having a similar increase in respiration (>3.00 g m Cm 2 day 1 ). In addition, the size of the heterotrophic respiration pulse is independent of both the amount of time since the last rainfall event and the time of occurrence during the growing season.
Transposition of the rice miniature inverted repeat transposable element mPing in Arabidopsis thaliana

An active miniature inverted repeat transposable element (MITE), mPing, was discovered by computer-assisted analysis of rice genome sequence. The mPing element is mobile in rice cell culture and in a few rice strains where it has been amplified to >1,000 copies during recent domestication. However, determination of the transposase source and characterization of the mechanism of transposition have been hampered by the high copy number of mPing and the presence of several candidate autonomous elements in the rice genome. Here, we report that mPing is active in Arabidopsis thaliana, where its transposition is catalyzed by three sources of transposase from rice: the autonomous Ping and Pong elements and by a cDNA derived from a Ping transcript. In addition to transposase, the product of a second element-encoded ORF of unknown function is also required for mPing transposition. Excision of mPing in A. thaliana is usually precise, and transposed copies usually insert into unlinked sites in the genome that are preferentially in or near genes. As such, this will be a valuable assay system for the dissection of MITE transposition and a potentially powerful tagging system for gene discovery in eukaryotes.
Evaluations of package technologies for power distribution network decoupling by measurement and correlation

A design of the proper frequency behavior of a power distribution network (PDN) of input/output (I/O) circuitry of an FPGA enhances performance and is able to withstand synchronous switching noise (SSN) for applications in specific frequency bandwidths. A methodology of PDN evaluation and modeling is presented in this paper, with different types of packages having on-package decoupling capacitance (OPD) of 10 nF (chip), and embedded on-package decoupling capacitances (EPD) of 10 nF (film), and 100 nF (chip) studied for evaluation. The working models of PDN in the 300 kHz-6 GHz range for all packages are designed and summarized in the paper. Direct measurement of chip PDN impedance is quite complicated because it requires applying wideband microprobes to a very small area. Instead, a power supply compression (PSC) measurement due to SSN in FPGA is used to view the impedance from the silicon side. This method is compared with indirect measurement of PDN done from the ball side. A second method requires standard 1 mm microprobes and VNA with the following processing of data and equivalent circuit reconstruction. This very elaborate technique clearly describes one peak PDN (neither OPD nor EPD), but requires additional tweaking to get the correct peak positions of packages with OPD (or EPD).
Weaving Relations for Cache Performance

Relational database systems have traditionally optimzed for I/O performance and organized records sequentially on disk pages using the N-ary Storage Model (NSM) (a.k.a., slotted pages). Recent research, however, indicates that cache utilization and performance is becoming increasingly important on modern platforms. In this paper, we first demonstrate that in-page data placement is the key to high cache performance and that NSM exhibits low cache utilization on modern platforms. Next, we propose a new data organization model called PAX (Partition Attributes Across), that significantly improves cache performance by grouping together all values of each attribute within each page. Because PAX only affects layout inside the pages, it incurs no storage penalty and does not affect I/O behavior. According to our experimental results, when compared to NSM (a) PAX exhibits superior cache and memory bandwidth utilization, saving at least 75% of NSM’s stall time due to data cache accesses, (b) range selection queries and updates on memoryresident relations execute 17-25% faster, and (c) TPC-H queries involving I/O execute 11-48% faster.
Stability and tensile strength of liquids exhibiting density maxima

If a given liquid exhibits a density maximum anywhere in its phase diagram, thermodynamic consistency dictates that such a point cannot be isolated: a density maxima locus must necessarily exist. For a fluid that does not also exhibit density minima, the pressure-temperature projection of such a locus is negatively sloped, and can only end at a stability limit. There exist two thermodynamically consistent ways in which such an intersection can occur, and they correspond, respectively, to the highest and lowest possible temperatures at which a liquid can exhibit a negative coefficient of thermal expansion. These theoretical predictions are confirmed by experimental observations. The existence of density anomalies anywhere in a liquid's phase diagram is shown to have a profound influence in determining the shape of such a fluid's stability boundary.
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-activated murine macrophages kill syngeneic melanoma cells under strict anaerobic conditions.

We have studied the spontaneous killing of B5(59) melanoma cells by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-elicited macrophages under strictly anaerobic conditions to investigate the role of oxygen in macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity. The number of melanoma cells capable of forming colonies after aerobic or anaerobic incubation with BCG-macrophages was used as the index of cytotoxicity. The BCG-macrophages killed melanoma cells regardless of the amount of oxygen present. The killing observed was proportional to the ratio of effector cells added; a ratio of 25:1 effector to target cells was required to achieve nearly 90% cytotoxicity both aerobically and anaerobically. This cytotoxicity was not dependent on a diffusible macrophage product nor on alteration of the medium by macrophages, since tumor cells incubated in the same culture medium, but not in contact with a mixed population of tumor cells and macrophages, were not killed. These results also indicated that macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity was dependent on macrophage-tumor cell contact. The mechanism responsible for the oxygen-independent cytotoxicity is unknown at present.
Process Aggregation Using Web Services

This paper examines the opportunities and challenges related to data and process integration architectures in the context of Web Services. A primary goal of most enterprises in today's economic environment is to improve productivity by streamlining and aggregating business processes. This paper illustrates how integration architectures based on Web Services offer new opportunities to improve productivity that are expedient and economical. First, the paper introduces the technical standards associated with Web Services and provides business example for illustration. Abstracting from this example, we introduce a concept we call Process Aggregation that incorporates data aggregation and workflow to improve productivity. We show that Web Services will have a major impact on Process Aggregation, making it both faster and less expensive to implement. Finally, we suggest some research directions relating to the Process Aggregation challenges facing Web Services that are not currently being addressed by standards bodies or software vendors. These include context mediation, trusted intermediaries, quality and source selection, licensing and payment mechanisms, and systems development tools.
The Internet And Gray Marketing

The purpose of this conceptual paper is to investigate the nature, extent, and outcomes of gray marketing on the Internet. We examined the current state of Internet-based gray marketing in several product categories and found the phenomenon to be on the rise. Next, we developed a series of propositions to address evolving trends in online gray marketing, regarding actions of intermediaries and manufacturers, response by consumers, and outcomes on marketing strategy.
Dystrophic hyaloid artery remnants and other abnormalities in a buphthalmic eye with retinoblastoma.

Abstract Partial persistence of the hyaloid artery unaccompanied by hyperplastic primary vitreous has not been previously reported in association with retinoblastoma. We describe an 18-month-old child with such a finding who had a retinoblastoma that was undifferentiated, extensively necrotic, heavily calcified, and completely filled the eyeball. The enucleated globe harbored a nonperfused, fossilized remnant of the hyaloid artery due to DNA/calcium deposition in the vascular wall. This structure inserted into a lenticular, extracapsular, fibrous plaque corresponding to a Mittendorf dot. The tumor had induced a placoid cataractous lens, obliterated the anterior and posterior chambers, caused glaucoma leading to buphthalmos, and extended into the optic nerve and extraocularly to involve the orbit. We conclude that the retinoblastoma arose early in ocular morphogenesis, at around 4 months gestation, when the programmed involution of the hyaloid artery begins. This process would typically end at 7–8 months gestation, but was aborted by the tumor. The patient died 6 weeks after surgery without receiving further treatment because of the parents' resistance.
Maternal Nutrition, Low Nephron Number, and Hypertension in Later Life: Pathways of Nutritional Programming

A large body of epidemiologic literature supports an inverse relation between birth weight and both systolic blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension, but mechanisms through which lower birth weight increases risk for hypertension are not established. This article advances the view that 1) permanently reduced nephron number is essential but not alone sufficient to mediate nutritionally induced hypertension; and 2) fetally programmed propensity for increased appetite and accelerated postnatal growth, thus generating inappropriately increased body mass, is a necessary "second hit" to actualize hypertension vulnerability. Based on decades of nephrologic research, this increased ratio of body mass (excretory load) to nephron number (excretory capacity) induces intrarenal compensations (tubular and glomerular hypertrophy with single-nephron hyperfiltration and intrarenal renin-angiotensin II activation), which maintain normal glomerular filtration rate at the expense of systemic and glomerular hypertension and at the risk of progressive renal disease. The vigor of the intrarenal compensatory responses is markedly greater in the immature than in the mature kidney, potentially explaining the greater risk of nephron deficits being present early in life as compared with the minimal risk in adult kidney donors. Effective interventions have not yet been defined. Suboptimal maternal nutrition, pervasive in both developed and developing countries, offers a window of opportunity to enhance the cardiovascular and renal health of future generations.
High incidence of meningeal infiltration by leukemic cells after infection of chimeric virus between neuropathogenic and non-neuropathogenic retroviruses.

Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) clone A8, previously shown to cause spongiform degeneration in rat brain, induced leukemia within 10 weeks after infection when inoculated into newborn rats. The chimeric virus Rec2, which contains the pol and env genes of 57 virus on the background of A8 and does not cause spongiform degeneration in the central nervous system (CNS), induced leukemic cell infiltration of the CNS, mainly of the meningeal region, in 58.3% of infected rats. In contrast, A8 induced little or no leukemic cell infiltration of the CNS. Other chimeric viruses containing the LTR and the 5′ half of the 5′ leader sequence of A8 induced aggressive leukemia, and after infection of these viruses, leukemic cell infiltration of the CNS was only observed in less than 20.0% of the rats. These results indicate that the fragment containing the LTR and the 5′ half of the 5′ leader sequence of A8 is essential for induction of aggressive leukemia in rats but is not sufficient to cause CNS infiltration. We f...
Outcomes of bariatric surgery in patients with body mass index <35 kg/m2

Abstract Background Patients who are categorized with class I obesity have a body mass index (BMI) of 30–34.99 kg/m 2 . This population of patients has a predisposition to diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the improvements of these co-morbidities in a class I obese population that had undergone a bariatric procedure. Methods After internal review board approval and with adherence to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act guidelines, a retrospective review was performed of a prospectively maintained database of 42 class I obese patients who underwent a bariatric procedure at our institution during a 10-year period, from February 2000 to May 2010. The fasting glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin level, lipid profile, initial weight, and BMI were measured in the preoperative and postoperative periods. Results Our patient population consisted of 30 women and 12 men, with a preoperative mean BMI of 33.9 kg/m 2 . Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy was performed in 24 patients (57%), laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in 8 (19%), and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding in 10 (24%). Of these 42 patients, 25 (60%) had type 2 diabetes, 1 patient was glucose intolerant, 27 (64%) had arterial hypertension, 25 (60%) had dyslipidemia, 17 (40%) had sleep apnea, and 8 (19%) had osteoarthritis. The postoperative findings included a mean BMI of 26.5 kg/m 2 and a mean weight loss of 41.4 lb. Of the 25 diabetic patients, 5 (20%) gained remission and 12 (48%) improvement of their diabetic status. The single patient with glucose intolerance showed improvement. Of the 27 patients with arterial hypertension, 9 (33%) showed remission and 13 (52%) improvement. Dyslipidemia resolved in 5 patients (20%) and improved in 13 (52%). Obstructive sleep apnea resolved in 10 (59%) and improvement was seen in 1 patient (6%). Finally, osteoarthritis resolved in 1 patient (12%) and improved in 5 (63%). Conclusion Bariatric surgery can significantly improve or resolve co-morbid metabolic conditions in patients with class I obesity.
Estrogen Receptor α Has a Functional Role in the Mouse Rete Testis and Efferent Ductules

Previous studies of the estrogen receptor-alpha knockout (alpha ERKO) in the male mouse demonstrate that the rete testis and efferent ductules are targets of estrogen. Because the alpha ERKO mouse lacks a functional estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) throughout development, it was not known whether the morphological and physiological abnormalities observed in the alpha ERKO male were due to developmental defects or to dysfunctions concurrent with the lack of ER alpha in the tissue. This study was designed to determine if treatment of normal wild-type (WT) mice with the pure antiestrogen, ICI 182,780, (ICI) could reproduce the morphological characteristics seen in alpha ERKO mice. Thirty-day-old male mice were treated for 35 days with either castor oil or ICI. Age-equivalent alpha ERKO mice were used for comparison. Light microscopic examinations of the reproductive tracts revealed dramatic changes in the efferent ductules of treated mice: a 1.7-fold increase in luminal diameter, a 56% reduction in epithelial cell height, a 60% reduction in brush boarder height of nonciliated cells, and an apparent reduction of the number of observable lysosomes and endocytotic vesicles. Testes of ICI-treated mice showed swollen rete testes area (6.5 times larger than control) and a 65% reduction in rete testis epithelium height. However, there were no significant changes in body and testis weights. These results indicate that ER blockage with ICI in WT mice results in morphological changes of the efferent ductules resembling those seen in alpha ERKO siblings of the same age. Based on this study, we conclude that ER alpha has a functional role in the mouse reproductive tract and the aberrant morphology observed in the efferent ductules of the alpha ERKO mouse is likely the result of a concurrent response to the lack of functional ER alpha, and not solely due to the lack of ER alpha during early developmental times.
Humoral immune responses in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation

Lung transplantation is recognized as a viable treatment option in a variety of end-stage pulmonary diseases. However, the long-term survival is limited by the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome occurs in more than half of lung transplant recipients who survive more than 5 years and is the leading cause of death in the late posttransplantation period. The specific etiology and pathogenesis of BOS are not well understood. The current premise is that BOS represents a common lesion in which different inflammatory insults such as ischemia-reperfusion, rejection, and infection can lead to a similar histological and clinical outcome. However, the observation that early development of BOS is predicted by the frequency and severity of acute rejection episodes indicates that alloimmune-dependent mechanisms play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of BOS. The evidence presented in this review will demonstrate that BOS is the result of indolent humoral immune responses developed against major histocompatibility complex molecules expressed by airway epithelial cells of the lung allograft. Currently, treatment of BOS is rarely successful. Therefore, a better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of BOS is of paramount importance toward improving long-term graft function and patient survival after lung transplantation.
Images of Gender Twenty Years Later: A Content Analysis of Images in Introductory Criminal Justice and Criminology Textbooks

This research is a content analysis of photographs in 23 introductory criminal justice and criminology textbooks published between 2008 and 2012, replicating the original work of Baro and Eigenberg analyzing changes of gender depictions in introductory criminal justice and criminology textbooks and adding an examination of gendered interaction patterns. Findings support women continue to be marginalized in introductory criminal justice and criminology textbooks some 20 years after the initial study while images of gendered interaction patterns are largely absent. A discussion of the findings as well the study and praxis of criminal justice and criminology are presented.
Type B lactic acidosis: a rare but life threatening hematologic emergency. A case illustration and brief review.

Major strides have been made in improving the treatment of medical emergencies associated with malignancies. Nonetheless, metabolic emergencies in cancer patients can often times be life-threatening. Type B lactic acidosis is a rare but potentially fatal paraneoplastic phenomenon that has been described in association with hematologic and solid malignancies and portends a poor prognosis if not rapidly recognized and treated. It is believed that this occurs as a result of cancer cells switching their glucose metabolism from an oxidative oxygen- dependent pathway towards a glycolytic phenotype, also known as the “Warburg effect”. Though rare, it is important to consider this entity in the differential diagnosis of type B lactic acidosis since prompt identification and treatment may help improve outcomes in this otherwise fatal process. We present a case of type B lactic acidosis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia along with a brief review of the literature.
Evidence for two distinct and functionally important sites of enhanced thromboxane production after bilateral ureteral obstruction in the rat.

1. After bilateral ureteral obstruction there is an enhanced production of thromboxane A 2 by the kidney which contributes to a decline in renal function. An acute interstitial macrophage infiltrate also occurs. 2. The relative contribution of infiltrating cells and intrinsic renal cells to the enhanced production of thromboxane A 2 by the hydronephrotic kidney were determined. The effects of both irradiation and subsequent administration of the thromboxane synthesis inhibitor OKY-046 on both thromboxane B 2 excretion and renal function were examined in rats with 24 h bilateral ureteral obstruction. 3. Irradiation effectively prevented the leucocyte infiltrate after bilateral ureteral obstruction (1.2 ± 0.8 × 10 5 versus 27.1 ± 0.1 × 10 5 cells/g of cortex, n = A in each group), resulted in a significantly higher inulin clearance (2.78 ± 0.27 versus 1.49 ± 0.17 ml min −1 kg −1 body weight, n = 7 and n = 8, respectively, P 2 excretion to 39% of non-irradiated values. Subsequent administration of OKY-046 to previously irradiated animals further reduced thromboxane B 2 excretion to 20% of the value in non-irradiated rats with bilateral obstruction and further increased inulin clearance to 3.34 ± 0.26 ml min −1 kg −1 body weight. 4. Glomerular macrophage numbers were decreased after bilateral ureteral obstruction (in contrast to the interstitium). However, glomeruli isolated from rats with 24 h bilateral ureteral obstruction exhibited enhanced production of thromboxane B 2 compared with sham-operated control rats (855.6 ± 31.1 versus 392.2 ± 25.5 pg 60 min −1 mg −1 of protein, P 5. These data suggest that the increased renal production of thromboxane A 2 after bilateral ureteral obstruction results from both renal infiltration by metabolically active macrophages and enhanced prostanoid production by the glomeruli. Both sources of thromboxane A 2 contribute to altered renal function after bilateral ureteral obstruction.
Abstract 699: Inhibition of cathepsin L1 by U87 KIF9 suppression in glioblastoma multiforme: a potential therapeutic target

Glioblastoma multiforme is a fatal primary brain cancer. It has remained one of the most difficult cancers to treat because of glioblastomas’ aggressive and local invasive nature. Glioblastoma tumors have many myeloid cells, especially microglia. Increased levels of microglia result in increased glioblastoma invasion and are associated with worse clinical outcomes. Glioblastomas’ infiltrative mechanisms are mostly unknown which hinder the efficacy of current treatments. Therefore, further investigations on the mechanisms responsible for local invasion are potential targets for therapeutic interventions. Recently, there has been interest in evaluating the role of kinesin family members (KIFs) and cathepsins (CTS) as possible targets for therapeutic interventions. KIFs play an essential role in both physiological axonal transport processes and in processes of cell division. Previous studies have investigated the inhibition of KIF11 as a possible therapeutic target in glioblastoma. Preliminary studies in our group have found that the inhibition of KIF9 reduces microglia-stimulated glioma invasion. CTS, which are proteases that function in many pathways and increase neoplastic progression, are other possible therapeutic targets. Specifically in glioblastoma, inhibition of cathepsin L1 (CTSL1) (i) promotes tumor cell death, (ii) decreases apoptosis threshold and (iii) sensitizes glioblastoma cells to radiation. Our study investigated the role of KIF9 suppression in secretion and production of CTSL1. In order to investigate this relationship, U87 cells were incubated with and without the presence of microglia. Non-targeting and stable KIF9 knockdown cells were incubated with and without the presence of microglia. CTSL1 concentration levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). We investigated CTSL1 concentrations in the cell lysates as well as the cell supernatants. Our results demonstrated an overall decrease in production and secretion of CTSL1 in KIF9 knockdown cells as compared to non-targeting shRNA cells. The effect of KIF9 knockdown was evident in the presence and absence of microglia. Although the exact mechanism needs to be further clarified, inhibition of CTSL1 by KIF9 suppression could be a possible potential target for therapeutic intervention. Citation Format: Maria M. Rubinstein, Jeffrey Segall. Inhibition of cathepsin L1 by U87 KIF9 suppression in glioblastoma multiforme: a potential therapeutic target. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 699.
Hydrometeorological observations from the rain-to-snow transitionzone: a dataset from the Johnston Draw catchment, Reynolds CreekExperimental Watershed, Idaho, USA

Abstract. Detailed hydrometeorological data from the rain-to-snow transition zone in mountain regions are limited. As the climate warms, the transition from rain to snow is moving to higher elevations, and these changes are altering the timing of down slope water delivery. To understand how these changes impact hydrological and biological processes in this climatologically sensitive region, detailed observations from the rain-to-snow transition zone are required. We present a complete hydrometeorological dataset for water years 2004 through 2014 for a watershed that spans the rain-to-snow transition zone ( DOI:10.15482/USDA.ADC/1258769 ). The Johnston Draw watershed (1.8 sq. km), ranging from 1497–1869 m in elevation, is a sub-watershed of the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed (RCEW) in southwestern Idaho. The dataset includes continuous hourly hydrometeorological variables across a 372 m elevation gradient, on north- and south-facing slopes, including air temperature, relative humidity, and snow depth from 11 sites in the watershed. Hourly measurements of shortwave radiation, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and soil moisture and temperature are available at selected stations. The dataset includes hourly stream discharge measured at the watershed outlet. These data provide the scientific community with a unique dataset useful for forcing and validating models and will allow for better representation and understanding of the complex processes that occur in the rain-to-snow transition zone.
Coding and Plasticity in the Mammalian Thermosensory System.

Perception of the thermal environment begins with the activation of peripheral thermosensory neurons innervating the body surface. To understand how temperature is represented in vivo, we used genetically encoded calcium indicators to measure temperature-evoked responses in hundreds of neurons across the trigeminal ganglion. Our results show how warm, hot, and cold stimuli are represented by distinct population responses, uncover unique functional classes of thermosensory neurons mediating heat and cold sensing, and reveal the molecular logic for peripheral warmth sensing. Next, we examined how the peripheral somatosensory system is functionally reorganized to produce altered perception of the thermal environment after injury. We identify fundamental transformations in sensory coding, including the silencing and recruitment of large ensembles of neurons, providing a cellular basis for perceptual changes in temperature sensing, including heat hypersensitivity, persistence of heat perception, cold hyperalgesia, and cold analgesia.
Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment: implications of SAMHSA's SBIRT initiative for substance abuse policy and practice.

Aims This paper describes the major findings and public health implications of a cross-site evaluation of a national Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) demonstration program funded by the US Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Methods Eleven multi-site programs in two cohorts of SAMHSA grant recipients were each funded for 5 years to promote the adoption and sustained implementation of SBIRT. The SBIRT cross-site evaluation used a multi-method evaluation design to provide comprehensive information on the processes, outcomes and costs of SBIRT as implemented in a variety of medical and community settings. Findings SBIRT programs in the two evaluated SAMHSA cohorts screened more than 1 million patients/clients. SBIRT implementation was facilitated by committed leadership and the use of substance use specialists, rather than medical generalists, to deliver services. Although the quasi-experimental nature of the outcome evaluation does not permit causal inferences, pre–post differences were clinically meaningful and statistically significant for almost every measure of substance use. Greater intervention intensity was associated with larger decreases in substance use. Both brief intervention and brief treatment were associated with positive outcomes, but brief intervention was more cost-effective for most substances. Sixty-nine (67%) of the original performance sites adapted and redesigned SBIRT service delivery after initial grant funding ended. Four factors influenced SBIRT sustainability: presence of program champions, availability of funding, systemic change and effective management of SBIRT provider challenges. Conclusions The US Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) demonstration program was adapted successfully to the needs of early identification efforts for hazardous use of alcohol and illicit drugs. SBIRT is an innovative way to integrate the management of substance use disorders into primary care and general medicine. Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment implementation was associated with improvements in treatment system equity, efficiency and economy.
Reconceptualizing, Measuring, and Managing Time and Key Temporal Factors in Modern Marketing: A Conceptual Framework of Holistic Time—Abstract

Historically, when issues of time and temporality were considered within marketing and other contexts, they were viewed in a defined and discriminant manner as reflected through clock and/or calendar time, i.e., objective time. While the use of objective measures has traditionally been appropriate when considering time, anecdotal evidence and recent work across multiple disciplines suggest the value of applying alternate, nonlinear temporal frameworks (Kaufman-Scarborough 2006; Lee and Liebenau 1999; Mosakowski and Earley 2000). These discussions suggest that while objective time remains situationally relevant, it is in itself an insufficient means by which to examine antecedent, focal, and outcome variables and that the use of alternate temporal conceptual frameworks should provide additional insights.
The role of the low-energy proton-deuteron fusion cross section in physical processes

In this paper, the authors calculate the proton-deuterium (p-D) fusion reaction rate at low energies (E {le} 2 keV in the center-of-mass frame) for a Maxwell- Boltzmann velocity distribution and compare it to those for other reactions involving hydrogen isotopes. It is shown that p-D fusion dominates competing reactions for E {le} 8 eV in the center-of-mass frame. The implications for various physical processes are discussed.
Robots that anticipate pain: Anticipating physical perturbations from visual cues through deep predictive models

To ensure system integrity, robots need to proactively avoid any unwanted physical perturbation that may cause damage to the underlying hardware. In this paper, we investigate a machine learning approach that allows robots to anticipate impending physical perturbations from perceptual cues. In contrast to other approaches that require knowledge about sources of perturbation to be encoded before deployment, our method is based on experiential learning. Robots learn to associate visual cues with subsequent physical perturbations and contacts. In turn, these extracted visual cues are then used to predict potential future perturbations acting on the robot. To this end, we introduce a novel deep network architecture which combines multiple sub-networks for dealing with robot dynamics and perceptual input from the environment. We present a self-supervised approach for training the system that does not require any labeling of training data. Extensive experiments in a human-robot interaction task show that a robot can learn to predict physical contact by a human interaction partner without any prior information or labeling.
Visualization instructions enhance preschoolers' spatial problem-solving.

This study explores whether verbal instructions to visualize an event can improve children's ability to make predictions about a difficult spatial problem. Three-year-olds (N = 48) were introduced to two intertwined tubes, and prior to predicting how a ball would travel through a given tube, one group of children was told to imagine the ball rolling down the tube, one group was told an explicit rule about where the ball would land, and a third group was given no instructions. Children were prevented from interacting with the apparatus to investigate the effect of the different verbal instructions alone on their problem-solving. Children in the imagine condition made more correct predictions than both children who received no instructions and those who were told an explicit rule (but were not told to visualize). These results suggest that verbal instructions to imagine an event are enough to help children solve difficult spatial problems, likely by visualizing the outcome prior to making a prediction. Statement of Contribution What is already known on this subject? Preschoolers exhibit a gravity bias when predicting how objects will travel through several intertwined tubes (Hood, 1995, Cogn. Dev., 10, 577). Preschoolers can overcome this gravity bias when they are first told to look at (Bascandziev & Harris, 2010, Cogn. Dev., 25, 233) or visualize (Joh et al., 2011, Child Dev., 82, 744) the tubes. This work emphasized the role of visualization in improving children's ability to solve this difficult spatial problem. What does this study add? Previous work typically allowed children to interact directly with the apparatus during familiarization or while making predictions. Previous work did not consider whether a synergy between physical interaction and visualization instructions improved predictions. The current study shows that visualization instructions alone can improve children's ability to overcome the gravity bias.
Mitochondrial Gene Expression in Human Mononuclear Cells

MITOCHONDRIAL GENE EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS By Monika D. Ruchala, M.S. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2014. Director: Dr. James P. Bennett Jr, M.D., Ph.D., Bemiss Professor Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Physiology and Biophysics Adult neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have been intensively studied in recent years in pursuit of mechanisms responsible for origin and progression. One emerging theme is mitochondrial energetic deficiency as a mechanism of neuronal death. Recent descriptions of protocols to generate induced pluripotent stems cells (iPSCs) from living patients offer the potential to create unique disease models. This model can potentially lead to crucial advances in developing treatment options for a wide variety of neurodegenerative diseases. In this thesis, we attempt to induce iPSCs from mononuclear cells (MNC) in peripheral blood acquired from patients with ALS and healthy control (CTL) subjects, and analyze their mitochondrial genomes. The reprogramming of MNC to yield iPSC was done by nucleofection of an episomal plasmid pEBC5, expressing OriP sequences of the Epstein­Barr and five reprogramming transgenes Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc and Lin28. We investigated the expression of mitochondrial DNA genes, ND2, ND4, COXIII and 12s rRNA in the ALS and CTL MNC before and after their culturing. The results implicate deregulated mitochondrial bioenergetics as a characteristic of ALS. Future work will establish whether these abnormalities in mitochondrial bioenergetics persist in iPSC’s and iPSC-derived neurons from ALS subject
Dispersion in Porous Media

The molecular diffusivity of a tracer species in a given medium is a measure of the average spread of the tracer due to fluctuations in its velocity on the molecular scale. In a medium that is heterogeneous on a macroscopic scale, a tracer will experience an additional spreading due to variations in its velocity as it moves through the heterogeneous medium. This spreading due to macroscale velocity fluctuations is known as dispersion and is the subject of this article.
Rapid Self-Assembly of Bioengineered Cardiovascular Bypass Grafts From Scaffold-Stabilized, Tubular Bilevel Cell Sheets.

Background: Cardiovascular bypass grafting is an essential treatment for complex cases of atherosclerotic disease. Because the availability of autologous arterial and venous conduits is patient-lim...
A Model of Competitive Impression Management: Edison versus Westinghouse in the War of the Currents:

Organizational impression management theory traditionally explains how firms manage threats from specific events or from campaigns orchestrated by non-competitors, such as activists or regulators, ...
Multicellular Mechanics in the Creation of Anatomical Structures

Embryonic development is largely a problem of applied engineering. Molecular mechanisms combine with physical forces to create intricate networks of tubes, rods, cables and bearings, among many other types of structures. The illustrations in any textbook of anatomy will show you hundreds of structures at least as intricate (and seemingly well designed) as any ever built by human engineers. Yet the builders of anatomy are not conscious beings, much less intelligent ones, but merely cells and molecules, ultimately controlled by genes. Our problem is to trace the causal chains by which genes bring anatomy into existence.
Culture‐independent and dependent evaluation of the equine paranasal sinus microbiota in health and disease

Background Horses with bacterial sinusitis frequently undergo empirical treatment with antimicrobials, however, in some cases bacterial culture of the affected sinus is used to direct therapy. Data regarding which organisms are part of the commensal microbiota of the equine sinus are lacking making it difficult to interpret culture results and guide empiric antimicrobial selection. Objectives Our objectives were to describe the bacterial and fungal microbiota of the paranasal sinuses in clinically normal horses using culture-dependent and independent approaches and to compare the bacterial culture and susceptibility patterns of normal horses with those from horses affected with primary and secondary sinusitis. Study design Experimental study and descriptive retrospective review of case records. Methods Sinus washes were collected from 23 healthy horses. Washes were submitted for routine culture and susceptibility testing and DNA was isolated for next generation sequencing of bacterial and fungal marker genes. For clinical cases of sinusitis, medical records from 2010 to 2017 were reviewed and horses diagnosed with primary and/or secondary sinusitis were included. Results The paranasal sinus cavity hosts multiple bacterial and fungal organisms. The bacterial microbiota of healthy horses consists largely of uncultivable, aerobic bacteria. While few anaerobes were isolated from normal horses, the majority of clinical cases resulted in growth of anaerobic organisms with no difference in the proportion of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated from clinical cases. Main limitations Small sample size in both populations of horses and heterogeneity of the population prevent a more in-depth analysis. Conclusions The microbiota of the paranasal sinuses of horses consists primarily of aerobic bacteria and fungal organisms, the majority of which are uncultivable via common clinical methods. Anaerobic bacteria are found in the majority of horses with clinical sinusitis. These findings suggest anaerobic bacteria are associated with sinusitis and their presence should be considered when treating horses with sinusitis.