cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Legal Socialization and Self-Reported Criminal Offending: The Role of Procedural Justice and Legal Orientations

The procedural justice model of legal socialization holds that personal fairness judgments influence criminal offending directly and indirectly, via legal orientations (e.g. legitimacy and legal cynicism). This study used longitudinal data to empirically scrutinize these arguments. Using 11 waves of data from the Pathways to Desistance study (i.e. baseline and 10 follow-up interviews), a series of time-lagged, multi-level longitudinal regression models with time-varying and time-stable measures decomposed into between- and within-individual components were estimated. The estimates from the linear mixed-effects models showed that procedural justice judgments directly influence legitimacy and, though relatively more limited, legal cynicism over time both between- and within-individuals. Test statistics indicated too that positive procedural justice judgments reduce involvement in criminal offending between individuals. However, legitimacy is found to significantly mediate the effect of personal procedural justice judgments. The effect of vicarious procedural justice judgments remained statistically significant in explaining differences in criminal offending. As for the within-individual model, neither procedural justice scale predicted offending. However, legal cynicism did have a direct significant effect in the within-individual offending model. The findings support key elements legal socialization theory, especially the premise that the way in which criminal justice authorities treat the individuals they come into contact with influences (albeit indirectly) subsequent compliance with the law.
Clarifying the Creative Consumer: An Abstract

The future of marketing involves consumers taking a more active role in the marketing process. Reflective of this is the fact that over the past decade, many researchers have described, investigated, or discussed the creative individuals who engage in innovative activities with existing market offerings. Because the literature is fragmented and the terms used to describe and explain the actions and implications of these creative individuals are highly varied, there is no common understanding of the creative consumer construct and how it fits in with existing literature on consumer innovation. As this trend in marketing appears to be growing stronger and will only become increasingly important for marketing practitioners and researchers in the future, there is a need to synthesize existing research. In other words, who are creative consumers? What are the important conceptual and practical differences between the various terms used in literature to describe consumers who engage in innovative activities? What is their output? In order to answer these questions, a common language to discuss this phenomenon is required. Providing clarity and a common language around the creative consumer is the goal of this paper.
MET-amplification (MET-amp) in relation to aggressive biology in esophagogastric cancer (EGC): An analysis of clinical outcomes of MET-amp vs non-MET-amp EGC.

74Background: c-MET gene amplified (MET-amp) tumors have been identified as a rare but targetable subset of esophagogastric cancer (EGC). In a phase I study, patients with MET-amp EGC had a 50% res...
Human Fetal-Derived Enterospheres Provide Insights on Intestinal Development and a Novel Model to Study Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)

Background & Aims Untreated necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) can lead to massive inflammation resulting in intestinal necrosis with a high mortality rate in preterm infants. Limited access to human samples and relevant experimental models have hampered progress in NEC pathogenesis. Earlier evidence has suggested that bacterial colonization of an immature and developing intestine can lead to an abnormally high inflammatory response to bacterial bioproducts. The aim of our study was to use human fetal organoids to gain insights into NEC pathogenesis. Methods RNA sequencing analysis was performed to compare patterns of gene expression in human fetal-derived enterospheres (FEnS) and adult-derived enterospheres (AEnS). Differentially expressed genes were analyzed using computational techniques for dimensional reduction, clustering, and gene set enrichment. Unsupervised cluster analysis, Gene Ontology, and gene pathway analysis were used to predict differences between gene expression of samples. Cell monolayers derived from FEnS and AEnS were evaluated for epithelium function and responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide and commensal bacteria. Results Based on gene expression patterns, FEnS clustered according to their developmental age in 2 distinct groups: early and late FEnS, with the latter more closely resembling AEnS. Genes involved in maturation, gut barrier function, and innate immunity were responsible for these differences. FEnS-derived monolayers exposed to either lipopolysaccharide or commensal Escherichia coli showed that late FEnS activated gene expression of key inflammatory cytokines, whereas early FEnS monolayers did not, owing to decreased expression of nuclear factor-κB–associated machinery. Conclusions Our results provide insights into processes underlying human intestinal development and support the use of FEnS as a relevant human preclinical model for NEC. Accession number of repository for expression data: GSE101531.
Exploring a relationship between race-related stress and emotional eating for collegiate Black American women

Four out of five Black women in the United States, over the age of 20 years, meet criteria for obesity. A critical determinant of pervasive health disparities, such as obesity, may be the Black wom...
MRA: Upper Extremity and Hand Vessels

Catheter angiography is the acknowledged clinical gold standard for upper extremity arterial assessment. However, it is invasive and can be particularly challenging in the upper extremity, as iodinated contrast injection can initiate vasospasm and pain, particularly in young adults. MR evaluation of the upper extremity and hand vessels can provide a noninvasive comprehensive assessment, particularly since the advent of gadolinium-enhanced MRA (Gd MRA) in the early 1990s [1]. Indications for upper extremity MR angiography or venography are varied, including atherosclerosis, trauma, thromboembolic phenomena, and vasculitides. Benefits of MRA include lack of ionizing radiation, no requirement for iodinated contrast, and ability to acquire functional information including flow direction and velocity. Advances in magnet and coil technology have enabled continued improvements in spatial and/or temporal resolution. For successful imaging, a clear understanding of vascular anatomy, patient preparation, imaging protocols, and potential pathology is required. Some potential challenges that are faced when evaluating the arm are small caliber distal vessels, anatomic variants, relatively slow blood flow, and short arteriovenous transit times.
Nuts and Nut Pastes

Worldwide nut production has expanded rapidly in recent years with a corresponding increase in consumption. Large outbreaks of salmonellosis have been associated with nuts and their products during this same time period, which has resulted in a major shift in the approach used to process these products. A brief overview of the history and use of nuts and differences in production and harvest practices of several major nuts are presented in this chapter. The association of foodborne pathogens with nuts is discussed in the context of outbreaks, recalls, and surveys. Potential routes of contamination of nuts with foodborne pathogens are presented along with an overview of current thermal and nonthermal methods for the reduction of pathogens and the factors affecting their efficacy.
CMMPAK - THE CAPACITANCE MATRIX SOFTWARE PACKAGE

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses fast and efficient numerical solvers. Fast Elliptic Solvers (FES) are defined as solvers that produce the solution in s operations per unknown, where s is a constant or a very slowly logarithmically growing function of the number of unknowns. The capacitance matrix method (CMM) extends the usefulness of such solvers to nonrectangular regions. An iterative variant of CMM developed makes use of the fact that only a product of the capacitance matrix C and a given vector is required and this product is obtained essentially at the cost of a Fast Solver. The discrete potential theory guarantees that the conjugate gradient iteration with a properly constructed matrix C converges almost independently of the size of the mesh. In such implicit CMM, a solution is obtained at a cost proportional to several calls of a FES. Therefore, CMM is regarded as satisfying the definition of FES, with the reservation that the constant s is large, that is, of one order higher than for the solvers on rectangular regions.
“New Extractivism” in Mexico: Hope and Deception

This paper traces the evolution of mining law in Mexico, including the most recent round of reform, and discusses the social and environmental impacts of mining in the region of Soconusco in the state of Chiapas. A set of mining reforms that passed between 2013 and 2014 provided the necessary impetus for a rise in mining investments in Mexico. These reforms have been couched in the language of “new extractivism.” In this approach favored by the left, extractivism is embraced as a development strategy along with the goal of redistributing some of the revenues to rural areas where these activities take place. In addition, these communities are to be consulted on how the funds will be spent. As fortunes have been made, however, the results have fallen short where environmental protection and community support are concerned.
Evaluating the Potential for Resistance Development to Antimicrobial Blue Light (at 405 nm) in Gram-Negative Bacteria: In vitro and in vivo Studies.

Antimicrobial resistance is a threat to public health that requires our immediate attention. With increasing numbers of microbes that are becoming resistant to routinely used antimicrobials, it is vital that we look to other, non-traditional therapies. Antimicrobial blue light (aBL) is an innovative approach that has demonstrated efficacy for the treatment of infections. In the present study, we investigated the potential for resistance development to aBL in Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria by carrying out serial aBL exposures on bacteria. In the first aBL exposure, clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and uropathogenic Escherichia coli (107 colony forming units/mL [CFU/mL]) were irradiated in phosphate-buffered saline with aBL at 405 nm until a >99.99% reduction in bacterial viability was achieved. Irradiation was then repeated for each bacterial species over 20 cycles of aBL exposure. The potential for resistance development to aBL was also investigated in vivo in superficial mouse wounds infected with a bioluminescent strain of P. aeruginosa (PAO1; 108 CFU) and irradiated with a sub-curative radiant exposure of 108 or 216 J/cm2 aBL over 5 cycles of treatment (over 5 days) prior to bacterial isolation from the animal tissue. PAO1 isolated from infected tissue were treated with aBL at 216 J/cm2, in vitro, in parallel with unexposed PAO1 or PAO1 isolates from mouse wound infections not treated with aBL. No statistically significant correlation was found between the aBL-susceptibility of bacteria in vitro and the number of aBL exposures in any bacterial species (P ≥0.26). In addition, serial exposure of infected mouse wounds to aBL did not result in any change in the susceptibility to aBL of PAO1 (P = 0.97). In conclusion, it is unlikely that sequential exposure to aBL will result in aBL-resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Also, multiple aBL treatments may potentially be administered to an infected wound without resistance development becoming a concern.
Technical and vocational education in China: enrolment and socioeconomic status

This paper uses a Probit regression model to empirically examine the characteristics of participants in upper-secondary technical and vocational education (TVE), relative to upper-secondary academi...
Perceived Stigma and Self-Stigma in College Students: A Literature Review and Implications for Practice and Research

Perceived and self-adopted forms of stigma are omnipresent. Although stigma is often discussed alongside mental illness, constructs such as race, ethnicity, and sexuality can also cause individuals...
Molecular Characterization of Human Melanocortin-5 Receptor Ligand–Receptor Interaction

The melanocortin-5 receptor (MC5R) is a subtype receptor of the melanocortin receptor (MCR) family, which is expressed centrally, as well as in a variety of peripheral tissues. MC5R has been implicated in many different physiological fields such as lipid metabolism and exocrine function. However, the specific molecular determinants of MC5R responsible for ligand binding and receptor signaling are currently unknown. The aim of this study is to determine the molecular basis of human MC5R (hMC5R) responsible for ligand binding and receptor signaling. Twenty-four single mutations of hMC5R were created and tested. Our results indicate that (1) substituting charged amino acid residue E92 in transmembrane domain 2 (TM2), aspartic acid 115 (D115) and D119 in TM3, and histidine (H) 257 in TM6 with alanine dramatically reduced NDP-α-MSH binding affinity and receptor signaling and (2) substituting aromatic amino acids phenylalanine (F) 195 in TM5, F254 in TM6, and H276 in TM7 with alanine also significantly decrease...
The magnitude and variability of lateral seepage in California rice fields

Abstract Lateral seepage can be an important water loss pathway at the field level and a conduit for the discharge of pesticides and nutrients from rice fields. However, few studies have directly measured lateral seepage rates in flooded rice fields. This study sought to characterize the magnitude and variability of lateral seepage in California rice fields, and to explore the relationship between lateral seepage and soil properties or hydrologic conditions. Lateral seepage was measured during the growing season at 50 locations spread across six rice fields using a methodology that operates analogously to a double-ring infiltrometer. Lateral seepage rates varied over four orders of magnitude (0.05–33.11 cm2 h−1 or 0.0011–1.05 cm h−1), though even the highest rate measured was small compared to typical water inputs in California rice fields, and lateral seepage corresponded to only 1.0%–1.9% of water inputs at sites where irrigation inputs were measured. Lateral seepage was negatively correlated with levee width (p = 0.025) and the relative water height in the adjacent field, supply canal, or drainage ditch (p = 0.045), though this relationship explained little of the variation in lateral seepage rates (marginal r2 = 0.129). Contrary to expectations, not all supply canals or higher flooded fields were a source for lateral seepage into fields, as unsaturated zones present in most levees served as a sink for lateral seepage from both sides of the levee. Future research should examine the prevalence of preferential flow pathways in rice field levees and the potential for transport of nutrients or agrochemicals through these flow pathways.
A modified technique for intralesional injection of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum for Peyronie's disease results in reduced procedural morbidity using a standardized hematoma classification rubric.

Early clinical trials of injectable collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCh) for Peyronie’s disease (PD) demonstrated safety and efficacy. Since then, modified injection protocols have been proposed. Adverse events—such as bruising, swelling, hematoma, and corporal rupture—exceed 50% in many studies, but lack of standardization of hematoma severity limits conclusions about the relative safety of protocols. We propose a modification of the standard injection technique that aims to decrease the rates of adverse events. We further describe a hematoma classification rubric that may standardize safety assessment. A modified injection procedure, termed the “fan” technique, was employed in the treatment of PD. All men receiving CCh from January 2016 through January 2019 at a single institution were included in an institutional review board (IRB) approved database. Treatment outcomes and adverse events were retrospectively assessed. A three-tiered hematoma classification rubric was devised to standardize reporting of hematoma, which was defined as concurrent bruising and swelling at the site of injection without loss of erection. Using the fan technique, 152 patients received 1323 injections. Eight hematomas (5.3% of all patients, 0.6% of all injections) were observed. The number of grade I, grade II, and grade III hematomas were 3, 2, and 3, respectively. Bruising or swelling not meeting the definition of hematoma was seen in 54.6% and 27.0% of patients, respectively. There were zero corporal ruptures. A modified injection technique results in reduced procedural morbidity. A hematoma classification system provides clarity and standardization to the assessment of safety in PD treatment. Further clinical studies with control arms are required to verify these findings.
Prognostic Indicators in Base of Tongue Adenocarcinoma: A Population-Based Analysis:

Introduction:The objectives of this investigation are to characterize the epidemiology of base of tongue adenocarcinoma utilizing a population-based database and to identify prognostic factors that...
Creativity and Genius: A Systems Perspective

The title of this volume, Genius and the mind, suggests that one should look for the explanation to the mysteries of genius inside the human cranium. My goal in this chapter will be to argue that while the mind has quite a lot to do with genius and creativity, it is not the place where these phenomena can be found. The location of genius is not in any particular individual’s mind, but in a virtual space, or system, where an individual interacts with a cultural domain and with a social field. It is only in the relation of these three separate entities that creativity, or the work of genius, manifests itself. In popular usage, ‘genius’ is sometimes used as a noun that stands by itself, yet in reality it appears always with a modifier: musical genius, mathematical genius, scientific genius, and so forth. Genius cannot show itself except when garbed in a concrete symbolic form.
Prioritizing Competencies for “Research” Promotores and Community Health Workers:

Background. The community health worker (CHW) model is utilized globally to promote health and reduce health disparities in hard-to-reach and underserved communities. The model is deemed successful due to involvement of these natural helpers who are familiar with the local customs, language, and traditions. "Research" CHWs (also known as promotores) serve as cultural mediators between their community and academic researchers and are increasingly involved in the design and implementation of research; yet few of these individuals have received formal training in research methods or ethics. This study identified requisite skills and knowledge needed by research CHWs. Method. Investigators who utilized the CHW/promotor model were recruited to complete a survey and participate in one of four focus group sessions. Participants identified (1) research roles, (2) training received, (3) research competencies, (4) training barriers and facilitators, and (5) assessment preferences. Results. Participants (n = 20) completed a survey with 19 also participating in a focus group session. All participants involved CHWs in research implementation, with nearly half involving CHWs in the study design and/or dissemination of findings phases. Critical thinking skills and application of ethical principles (e.g., demonstrating respect) were prioritized over knowledge of research infrastructure (e.g., institutional review board/ethics review process). Research ethics training designed for academic researchers was deemed inappropriate because sophisticated terminology and web-based delivery were perceived as an access barrier. Self-assessment and contextualized scenarios were recommended to assess critical thinking. Conclusions. Researchers using the CHW model should provide relevant and accessible research competency training.
Effect of different temperature on the susceptibility of Aedes albopictus for transmission of dengue 2 virus

Objective To investigate the effect of different temperature on the susceptibility of Aedes albopictus for transmission of dengue 2 virus.Methods Mosquitoes were orally infected with dengue virus type 2 suspension,then fully blood-engorged mosquitoes were separated and transferred to new cartons and sustained at 18,21,26,31,33℃ and 36℃ with 10％ sucrose.Immunofluorescence assays were used to detect antigen of dengue virus type 2 in the head,salivary gland and thorax-abdomen,and calculated the disseminated infection rate of mosquitoes.Results For mosquitoes held at 18℃,the infection rate of thoraxabdomen was 8％,infection in head and salivary gland were not detected until 25d.Maximum infection rate of thorax-abdomen was attained at 31℃,the highest infection rate of head and salivary gland existed at 33℃,however,the infection rate of mosquitoes at 36℃ was significantly decreased compared with that at 33℃.The lowest disseminated infection rate was zero at 18℃,while the highest disseminated infection rate was 100％ at 36 ℃.Conclusion As the temperature went up,the infection rate showed a tendency of ascending first and descending later.Dengue virus might not be transmitted by Aedes albopictus when temperature was below 18℃.The disseminated infection rate increased gradually with the increase of temperature. Key words: Aedes; Dengue virus; Temperature
Clinical analysis of 33 cases of neonatal group B streptococcal sepsis

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of neonatal group B streptococcal sepsis(GBS) sepsis in order to provide the guide for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Methods A retrospective review was performed and a total of 33 cases of neonatal GBS sepsis were identified in the NICU of Children's Hospital of Quanzhou from March 2011 to October 2014.The perinatal factors, clinical characteristics, laboratory finding, treatment and prognosis were analyzed. Results A total of 33 cases of neonatal GBS sepsis were identified.The incidence of neonatal GBS sepsis was 2.0‰(33/16 448) among all the NICU patients admitted at the same period.All 21 cases of early-onset GBS sepsis were term infants, which had 13 cases of respiratory distress, 11 cases of anhelation and 10 cases of cyanosis as main initial clinical symptoms.Among 12 late-onset cases, 8 occurred in term infants, 10 with ardent fever as the main initial clinical symptoms, 6 combined with purulent meningitis.All the GBS strains were sensitive to vancomycin, then penicillin combined with meropenem therapy was effective.Of the 33 patients, 18 cured, 9 discharged with improvement, 2 died, 4 patients died during hospitalization after being given up because of serious complication, total mortality was 18.2%. Conclusion The clinical manifestations of neonatal GBS sepsis are usually obviously and fatally, and with a high mortality.Antepartum prophylaxis, early diagnosis and timely sensitive antibiotics therapy are vital for reducing the incidence of complications and mortality of neonatal GBS sepsis. Key words: Group B Streptococcus; Sepsis; Neonate
Did Women and Candidates of Color Lead or Ride the Democratic Wave in 2018

Headlines touted a “wave” of women and minority candidates running in the 2018 elections, leading some to conclude that 2018 was the new “year of the woman” and perhaps “year of the candidate of color” (Lai et al. 2018). In fact, the number of women and candidates of color contesting US House elections was so high in 2018 that for the first time on record, White men were the minority of Democratic House nominees (Schneider 2018). Surveys taken immediately before the 2018 midterm elections indicated that women of color were the “ideal candidates” for Democrats, suggesting a changing voter demand for a more diverse field of candidates (Easley 2018).
Prices of Macroeconomic Uncertainties with Tenuous Beliefs

A decision maker suspects that parameters of a set of structured parametric probability models vary over time in unknown ways that he does not describe probabilistically. He expresses a fear that all of these parametric models are misspeci ed by also wanting to consider alternative unstructured probability distributions. He restricts these unstructured probability models to be statistically close to the structured parametric models. Because the decision maker is averse to ambiguity, he uses a max-min criterion to evaluate alternative plans. We use this decision theory to construct competitive equilibrium uncertainty prices that confront a robust decision maker who solves a portfolio choice problem and offer a quantitative illustration for structured parametric models that focus uncertainty on macroeconomic growth and its persistence. Nonlinearities in marginal valuations induce time variation in market prices of uncertainty that fluctuate because the investor especially fears high persistence in bad states and low persistence in good states.
Ethical Issues Surrounding Private-Equity Involvement in Dermatology

The purchase of physician practices by private-equity (PE) firms has increased dramatically in recent years; in the first half of 2018 alone, PE invested over 10 billion dollars in healthcare deals. In 2011, only a single PE group had invested in the dermatology market, but by 2018, that number had risen to more than 30. Potential benefits of PE investment in dermatology practices include increased efficiency, decreased administrative burden for dermatologists, and resources to fuel practice growth. However, there are also concerns about whether PE involvement in dermatology is ethical and if PE investment might cause profits to be prioritized over patients, potentially leading to overutilization of services, increased cost and, ultimately, diminished quality of care. In this chapter, we examine the ethical issues surrounding PE investment in dermatology through two ethical frameworks: deontology, or duty-based ethics, and consequentialism. We explore issues of conflict of interest and transparency, as well as PE investment’s potential long-term effects on patients, physicians, and the healthcare system as a whole.
P78 Expanded Food & Nutrition Education Program Building Household Food Resilience Among Low-Income Families

Objective To improve nutrition and food resource management practices and household food security among low-income families. Use of Theory or Research Efforts to strengthen nutrition and food security is needed to build household food resilience (ie, being resourceful) more than ever as low-income families face unprecedented challenges due to the COVID pandemic. The rising food insecurity in California is concerning, which is linked to poor dietary outcomes and obesity. Target Audience Parents recruited from low-income community settings in Tulare County, California. Program Description During FY2019-20, trained bilingual nutrition educator implemented the 9-week Expanded Food & Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) in English and Spanish using series-based adult curriculum Eating Smart Being Active. Each class was held once a week for 60-90 minutes in duration. Evaluation Methods Participants completed demographics questionnaire, Food Tracker dietary recall, and a pre-post Food & Physical Activity Questionnaire (FPAQ). Descriptive and Pre-Post analyses were completed using WebNEERS reporting tool. Results Of the total 149 program families reached, 136 participants who attended all the lessons graduated with a certificate. Majority of the participants were Hispanic. Differences in change from pre-to-post indicated improvements in all the program areas. Of the 136 graduates, 88% of participants showed improvement in 1 or more food resource management practices, 92% showed improvements in 1 or more diet quality/ nutrition practices, 88% showed improvements in 1 or more food safety practices, and 91% showed improvements in 1 or more physical activity behaviors. A noteworthy program impact was a random sample (n = 19) of these participants reported saving an average of $44.50 on food per month. Conclusion The EFNEP program empower families to build household food resilience with knowledge and skills to adopt healthy practices in the areas of food resource management, food security, nutrition/physical activity, and food safety.
Systematic Progress Monitoring of Individualized Education Program Goals in Mathematics

The review of Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District case revealed that an individualized education program (IEP) requires inclusion of specific measurable goals to ensure educational benefit....
Cardiovascular Safety of Roxadustat in CKD Anemia: A Fig Leaf Named Noninferiority.

Considerable excitement has been building in nephrology. A new paradigm for the treatment of the anemia associated with advanced CKD has arisen from Nobel Prize-winning science on the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway, an ancient biologic system designed to protect the organism from damage in
Praxisbeispiel Ford-Werke AG, Köln: Erfolgreiche Implementierung von Diversity

Bei Ford arbeiten 335.000 Mitarbeiterinnen weltweit in 105 Werken und fertigen Automobile und Autoteile, die in uber 200 Markten verkauft werden. Diese Daten der Ford Motor Company machen die globalen Dimensionen des Unternehmens deutlich und damit die Bedeutung von Diversity. Ford sieht in der Vielfalt seiner MitarbeiterInnen eine Starke des Unternehmens und verfolgt Diversity als Strategie.
Profile of Gallic Acid Metabolites in Urine After the Intake of Mango (Mangifera indica, L.) cv. Keitt in Humans.

The polyphenolic profile of mango is mainly based on gallic acid derivatives. The biological activity of gallic acid is well established, however effects of absorption and metabolism are widely und...
Sequence Organization in Interaction: Sequences of sequences

When a sequence is brought to a close, whether by its second pair part, by a sequence-closing third, after a more-than-minimal post-expansion, or with a sequence-closing sequence, some new sequence is ordinarily launched, either “next” or after a lapse of some length, whether of silence or of intervening activity. In introducing our discussion of sequence organization we noted that successive turns have a shape to them, relations of mutual relevance and positioning, coherence and orderliness that makes of them not merely a series , but a sequence of turns. Although successive sequences may often be less closely linked than successive turns are, there can be particular ties of relevance between several sequences that serve to extend our sense of the coherence and organizational relatedness of a stretch of talk beyond the boundaries of a single base sequence and its expansions which have so far been sketched. Here we will examine just a few of these types of organization of more than one sequence, or sequences of sequences. Reciprocal or exchange sequences By reciprocal or exchange sequences we refer to episodes in which a sequence which has just been initiated by A to B (that is, in which A is the first pair part speaker and B is the second pair part speaker) is then (after it has run its course) reciprocated – initiated by B to A. Same sequence type; reversed speaker/recipient participation. In some respects, then, this sequence of sequences is akin to “counters.”
Pediatric SLE—towards a comprehensive management plan

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) results from complex abnormalities of the innate and acquired immune systems. For reasons that are currently not well understood, the disease course and phenotype associated with SLE, although quite variable, are generally more severe when the diagnosis is made during childhood. Active disease, infections, lupus nephritis, and neuropsychiatric SLE manifestations are associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Unlike in adult-onset SLE, systemic glucocorticoid therapy and immunosuppressive medications are needed for the treatment of the majority of children and adolescents with SLE. The complex nature of childhood-onset SLE demands a comprehensive, multidisciplinary management approach that considers the patients' growth and development, their educational needs, and the unpredictable course of SLE and its complications.
Variational Method in the Theory of Compressible Fluid

The variational principle in hydrodynamics was first studied by Hargreaves, who has shown that, when the hydrodynamic equations are satisfied, the integrand in the variational principle is a linear function of the pressure. For steady, irrotational flows, Bateman ,3 has shown that the integrand is the pressure only, which can be written as a function of the velocity potential 4>. A direct method to obtain approximate solution in the case of subsonic flow of a compressible fluid can therefore be formulated following the Rayleigh-Ritz method instead of solving the original nonlinear differential equations. In applying this method to the case of a compressible fluid passing an arbitrary airfoil, however, there are two difficulties: first, since the fluid region is infinite, Bateman's integral is not directly applicable; second, it is not easy to assume the potential function satisfying the boundary conditions. The nonlinear problem of compressible flow passing an arbitrary airfoil has been formulated in this paper. I t is proved that, by conformal transformation, the velocity potential can be set up to satisfy the boundary conditions in the general case, and, hence, the Rayleigh-Ritz method can be applied. I t is also shown that, by using the Theory of Residues in the integration and a modified Crout method in solving the resulting simultaneous equations, the computational labor can be mate' daily reduced. Since the variational principle is valid for subsonic, sonic, and supersonic flows, the possibility of applying it to the study of mixed flow is indicated. A numerical example of the nonlinear problem of the compressible flow around a circular cylinder is carried out, and the results compare favorably with those found by the existing methods.
Efficient and scalable computation of the energy and makespan Pareto front for heterogeneous computing systems

The rising costs and demand of electricity for high-performance computing systems pose difficult challenges to system administrators that are trying to simultaneously reduce operating costs and offer state-of-the-art performance. However, system performance and energy consumption are often conflicting objectives. Algorithms are necessary to help system administrators gain insight into this energy/performance tradeoff. Through the use of intelligent resource allocation techniques, system administrators can examine this tradeoff space to quantify how much a given performance level will cost in electricity, or see what kind of performance can be expected when given an energy budget. A novel algorithm is presented that efficiently computes tight lower bounds and high quality solutions for energy and makespan. These solutions are used to bound the Pareto front to easily trade-off energy and performance. These new algorithms are shown to be highly scalable in terms of solution quality and computation time compared to existing algorithms.
Regional regression models for hydro‐climate change impact assessment

Hydro-climatic impacts in water resources systems are typically assessed by forcing a hydrologic model with outputs from general circulation models (GCMs) or regional climate models. The challenges of this approach include maintaining a consistent energy budget between climate and hydrologic models and also properly calibrating and verifying the hydrologic models. Subjective choices of loss, flow routing, snowmelt and evapotranspiration computation methods also increase watershed modelling uncertainty and thus complicate impact assessment. An alternative approach, particularly appealing for ungauged basins or locations where record lengths are short, is to predict selected streamflow quantiles directly from meteorological variable output from climate models using regional regression models that also include physical basin characteristics. In this study, regional regression models are developed for the western Great Lakes states using ordinary least squares and weighted least squares techniques applied to selected Great Lakes watersheds. Model inputs include readily available downscaled GCM outputs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3. The model results provide insights to potential model weaknesses, including comparatively low runoff predictions from continuous simulation models that estimate potential evapotranspiration using temperature proxy information and comparatively high runoff projections from regression models that do not include temperature as an explanatory variable. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of a Hydrocholeretic Agent (Zanchol) on Sterol Metabolism in Rats

The keto acid, γ-oxo-γ-(8-fluoranthene)butyric acid (Zanchol) markedly alters sterol metabolism in rats. It stimulates cholesterol and bile acid synthesis and decreases cholesterol absorption.
Adaptive versus Reservation-Based Synchronization Protocols—Analysis and Comparison

With the expansion of distributed multimedia applications, such as video-phone, video-conference, and video-on-demand, synchronization among various media (time-dependent, time-independent) becomes an integral part of various protocols, mechanisms and services in the underlying computing and communication systems. The current systems allow and provide two different resource management environments where synchronization will be considered: (1) best effort resource management, and (2) reservation-based resource management with differentiation of service classes. Under these two resource management environments, our goal is to analyze and compare the design, implementation, and performance of synchronization protocols and services. Our approach to accomplish this complex analysis is inductive, because we select a representative protocol from each group, and consider an adaptive synchronization protocol on top of the best effort resource management and a reservation-based synchronization protocol on top of the reservation-based resource management. We believe that both protocols include a rich set of known synchronization algorithms and mechanisms, hence our resulting analysis and comparison show: (1) trade-offs/difference in design complexity of the synchronization protocols (space and time), (2) trade-offs/difference in implementation complexity of the synchronization protocols (space and time), and (3) magnitude of performance changes.
Lifecycle Analysis for Automobiles: Uses and Limitations

There has been a recent trend toward the use of lifecycle analysis (LCA) as a decision-making tool for the automotive industry. However, the different practitioners` methods and assumptions vary widely, as do the interpretations put on the results. The lack of uniformity has been addressed by such groups as the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), but standardization of methodology assures neither meaningful results nor appropriate use of the results. This paper examines the types of analysis that are possible for automobiles, explains possible pitfalls to be avoided, and suggests ways that LCA can be used as part of a rational decision-making procedure. The key to performing a useful analysis is identification of the factors that will actually be used in making the decision. It makes no sense to analyze system energy use in detail if direct financial cost is to be the decision criterion. Criteria may depend on who is making the decision (consumer, producer, regulator). LCA can be used to track system performance for a variety of criteria, including emissions, energy use, and monetary costs, and these can have spatial and temporal distributions. Because optimization of one parameter is likely to worsen another, identification of trade-offs is an important function of LCA.
Multi-objective optimization for GRIN lens design

One of the benefits of using a multi-objective algorithm is that the tradeoffs between objectives for a given design can be easily visualized. In the study of gradient-index optics, this ability can lead to a better understanding of the tradeoffs between the gradient magnitude, Δ n , focus quality, and size of the optic. A gradient-index plano-convex lens is proposed to highlight the limitations of a single- objective optimization while the potential of using multi-objective optimization for chromatic- and oblique incidence-corrections are also discussed.
RGB-NDVI colour composites for visualizing forest change dynamics

The study presents a simple and logical technique to display and quantify forest change using three dates of satellite imagery. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was computed for each date of imagery to define high and low vegetation biomass. Color composites were generated by combining each date of NDVI with either the red, green, or blue (RGB) image planes in an image display monitor. Harvest and regeneration areas were quantified by applying a modified parallelepiped classification creating an RGB-NDVI image with 27 classes that were grouped into nine major forest change categories. Aerial photographs and stand history maps are compared with the forest changes indicated by the RGB-NDVI image. The utility of the RGB-NDVI technique for supporting forest inventories and updating forest resource information systems are presented and discussed.
Analysis and design of multiple-beam appliances

A new approach for the analysis of multiple-beam structures, such as headgear bows, is developed for beams which contain arbitrary curvatures, twists, and material properties. The generalized transfer matrix of a single-beam analysis is converted to a stiffness matrix and inserted into a global matrix which describes the entire system. The effect of inner bow wire size (0.044 inch and 0.051 inch) on the force system is demonstrated. The inner bow with the larger cross section shows only a slight (not clinically significant) reduction in rotational moment and buccal force applied because of its greater ability to resist deformation during the loading process. Small amounts of tooth and/or tube rotations ("play") result in a significant reduction of the crown rotational moment. With increasing rotation of the tube to the inner bow, the high lateral forces and large moments found about the long axis of the teeth are found to reduce. Symmetrical headgears are chosen to illustrate the analysis and to indicate the manner in which this approach may be used to study and design similar orthodontic appliances.
Nonlinear Landau Damping

In this article, we report the mathematical details of a systematic analysis of the nonlinear Landau damping of longitudinal electrostatic waves propagating in a collisionless plasma. Many of the main results have been reported previously; unfortunately, major parts of the essential mathematical developments had to be omitted for various reasons, making it almost impossible for even the most well-prepared reader to follow the analysis. Sufficient details are provided here to remedy this situation. Some important results that have not been reported previously are also are included here. Most notably among these is the distinction between strong branches and weak branches of nonzero time-asymptotic electric field amplitudes that bifurcate from the zero-amplitude solution for the time-asymptotic electric field, and the results on the weak branches that had to be omitted in the earlier report of this research. Based on the decomposition of the electric field E into a transient part T and a time-asymptotic par...
Sexual sterilization of screw-worm flies by a peroral chemosterilant : quantitative aspects and relation to pretreatment starvation.

The relationship of the quantity of ingested uredepa (ethyl [bis (1-aziridinyl) phosphinyl]carbamate) to the induction of sexual sterility in screw-worm flies, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), was studied. Also, related studies were made of the amount of sugar syrup eaten in 1 meal, the camparative food value of sugar syrup and honey, the need for protein in the adult diet, and the effects of pretreatment starvation on the action of the chemosterilant. Sugar syrup and honey were equivalent carbohydrates, and protein was unnecessary for adult subsistence and reproduction. Flies 24 and 48 hours old, irrespective of sex, ingested 2-3 times more sugar syrup than 0- to 4-hour-old flies. Newly emerged flies accepted sugar syrup containing as much as 1% uredepa as well as they accepted untreated sugar syrup. Males passed from fertility to sterility over a narrow range of doses (6-11 /μg) in comparison with a very wide range for females (5-72 /μg) and were about 6.5 times more susceptible to chemosterilant induction of sterility than females on the basis of total dose consumed. The activity of substerilizing concentrations of uredepa was markedly augmented by pretreatment starvation for 24 hours or more: complete sterility was induced in either sex.
Alcohol, Dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease: Comparison of Neuropsychological Profiles:

Thirty-nine detoxified elderly alcoholics (mean age = 65.85) completed a comprehensive assessment designed to identify individuals meeting DSM-IV criteria for alcohol-related dementia. Ten subjects meeting criteria (mean age = 69.8; mean Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] = 25.1) were compared to the 29 nondemented alcoholics (mean age = 64.5; mean MMSE = 27.8), 9 patients with Alzheimer's disease (mean age = 73.4; mean MMSE = 22.3), and 15 control subjects (mean age = 70.8; mean MMSE = 28). Comparison of neuropsychological test scores revealed several statistically significant differences. Furthermore, the overall pattern of test performance between the two demented groups was different. Alzheimer's patients were more impaired on confrontation naming, recognition memory, animal fluency, and orientation. Alcohol dementia subjects were more impaired than controls on initial letter fluency, fine motor control, and free recall. However, alcohol dementia subjects did not differ from controls on tests of verbal recognition memory. This study suggests that it is possible to clinically differentiate the cognitive deficits of alcohol-related dementia from typical Alzheimer's disease. However, the results are preliminary and are based on small sample sizes so should be interpreted with caution.
Rewiring Kinase Specificity with a Synthetic Adaptor Protein

Signaling cascades are managed in time and space by interactions between and among proteins. These interactions are often aided by adaptor proteins, which guide enzyme–substrate pairs into proximity. Miniature proteins are a class of small, well-folded protein domains possessing engineered binding properties. Here we made use of two miniature proteins with complementary binding properties to create a synthetic adaptor protein that effectively redirects a ubiquitous signaling event: tyrosine phosphorylation. We report that miniature-protein-based adaptor 3 uses templated catalysis to redirect the Src family kinase Hck to phosphorylate hDM2, a negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor and a poor Hck substrate. Phosphorylation occurs with multiple turnover and at a single site targeted by c-Abl kinase in the cell.