cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Student Perception And Challenges Facing Academic Advising

This study examined the patterns of student perception regarding academic advising in an undergraduate program in a privately operated school. Participants were 156 students enrolled in fall 2004 term and were asked to respond to both a 15 structured question questionnaire and an open-ended questionnaire. In the former format students were asked to rate their current advisor on each question using a scale from 1 to 4, where I indicated that student was very dissatisfied and 4 indicated that student was very satisfied. Our findings revealed that student’s satisfaction varied from question to question. Students were most satisfied with those questions that measured their social and personal needs and the advisor’s attitudinal skill. The major source of student’s dissatisfaction came from advisor’s lack of knowledge and information related to both institutional and non-institutional issues.
Time stretch imaging with optical data compression for label-free biological cell classification

Real-time instruments that acquire large data sets are needed for detection and classification of outliers. A new class of high throughput real-time instruments based on the photonic time-stretch has led to the discovery of optical rogue waves [1], detection of rare cancer cells [2], and the highest analog-to-digital conversion performance ever achieved [3]. One example of these instruments is the time stretch camera, an imaging modality that features continuous operation at about 100 million frames per second and shutter speed of less than a nanosecond. As an imaging flow-through microscope, the technology is in clinical testing for blood screening. While highly useful for collecting large data sets, the instrument's ultrahigh throughput also creates a big data problem. The system produces a large volume of data in a short time equivalent to several 4K movies per second. Such a data fire hose places a burden on data acquisition, storage, and processing operations and calls for technologies that compress images in optical domain and in real-time. An example of this, based on warped stretch transformation and non-uniform Fourier domain sampling has recently been reported [4]. The paper will provide an overview of the time-stretch microscope with real-time optical image compression, and application of this technology in classification of cancer cell lines in blood.
Possibility of early Higgs boson discovery in nonminimal Higgs sectors

Particle physics models with more than one Higgs boson occur in many frameworks for physics beyond the standard model, including supersymmetry, technicolor, composite Higgs, and ``little Higgs'' models. If the Higgs sector contains couplings stronger than electroweak gauge couplings, there will be heavy Higgs particles that decay to lighter Higgs particles plus heavy particles such as $W$, $Z$, and $t$. This motivates searches for final states involving multiple $W$, $Z$, $t$, and $\overline{b}b$ pairs. A two Higgs doublet model with custodial symmetry is a useful simplified model to describe many of these signals. The model can be parameterized by the physical Higgs masses and the mixing angles $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and $\ensuremath{\beta}$, so discovery or exclusion in this parameter space has a straightforward physical interpretation. We illustrate this with a detailed analysis of the process $gg\ensuremath{\rightarrow}A$ followed by $A\ensuremath{\rightarrow}hZ$ and $h\ensuremath{\rightarrow}WW$. For ${m}_{A}\ensuremath{\simeq}330\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$, ${m}_{h}\ensuremath{\simeq}200\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ we can get a $4.5\ensuremath{\sigma}$ signal with $1\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity at the Large Hadron Collider.
History of Transportation Finance in the U.S.

From the earliest days of the nation, the issue of how to provide for an effective transportation network was a vexing one. Many of the nation’s founders recognized the need for an effective transportation system to help knit the disparate colonies into a cohesive nation, and to promote commerce.
Construction and identification of shRNA eukaryotic vector system expressing four different genes and effects of shRAN vector on proliferation and apoptosis of CNE-2Z cells

Aim:To construct and identify a VEGF,c-myc,survivin,hTERT shRNA multigenes eukaryotic expression vector system and explore the effects of RNAi targeting four different genes on the apoptosis and proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) CNE-2Z cells.Methods:According to VEGF,c-myc,survivin, hTERT gene sequence, two oligonucleotide sequences were designed and synthesized complementary DNA chain. Then inserted into pGenesil vector and constructed single VEGF plasmid and multiple plasmids.These plasmids were respectively transfected into human NPC CNE-2Z cells and xenograft tumors in nude mice. Cell proloferation was detected with MTT assay. The inhibitory effects on target genes were evaluated with Real-time PCR and Western blot at the levels of mRNA and protein, respectively. The inhibitory effect of plasmids on xenograft tumors was observed in nude mice.Results: Restriction endonuclease and sequence analysis of inserted fragment confirmed sequencing results of recombinant eukaryotic expression vector were correct. MTT showed that CNE-2Z cell proliferation in multi-gene plasmid group was more significantly inhibited than a single gene. The expression of mRNA and protein of four different genes were all decreased in p-1 group. and the interference effect of multiple genes was better than the single-gene.Nude mice experiments showed that multi-gene plasmid was more effective than single-gene plasmid in inhibiting the growth of tumor cells.Conclusion: shRNA vector system expressing four different genes has been successfully constructed, which could more effectively inhibit NPC proliferation and induce apoptosis than single plasmid.
Application of image processing and analysis techniques in molecular imaging

M olecular imaging is a newinterdisciplinary technology, which characterizes and measures biological processes of live animals, animal model systems, and human bodies at cell and molecule levels by external imaging detection devices.Image processing and analysis technique is a general termfor image processing and analysis algorithmtechniques, which adopts methods of pattern recognition, artificial intelligence, and computer graphics field to extract features of digital medical images, quantitatively describe image features and molecular imaging, describe digital features of molecular imaging by mathematical models, reveal the processes and rules of life phenomena, and predict trends of development.This paper reviews 2 602 papers published between 2010 and 2013 by major journals and academic institutions of the molecular imaging field and summarizes the development and application of image processing and analysis techniques in the study of molecular imaging.
Enzymatic conversion of 14α-methyl-cholest-7-en-3β,15ξ-diol to cholesterol☆

Abstract Reduction of 3β-benzoyloxy-14α-methyl-cholest-7-en-15-one with lithium aluminum hydride yielded the two epimers (at C-15) of 14α-methyl-cholest-7-en-3β,15-diol. Studies with the corresponding isotopically-labeled diols indicated that one of the two isomers is convertible to cholesterol in rat liver homogenate preparations.
Co-stimulate or Co-inhibit Regulatory T Cells, Which Side to Go?

ABSTRACTCo-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules direct the “second signal,” which largely determines the outcome of the “first signal” generated by the interaction of T cell receptor (TCR) with cognate MHC–peptide complex. The co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory signals are key mechanistic contributors to the regulation of adaptive immunity, especially the T cell–mediated immune response. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a special population of T cells, which unlike other T cells function as “attenuators” to suppress T cell immunity. Dysregulation of either the “second signal” or Tregs leads to an unbalanced immune system, which can result in a range of immune-related disorders, including autoimmune diseases, chronic infections, and tumors. In contrast, precise manipulation of these two systems offers tremendous clinical opportunities to treat these same diseases. Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules modulate immunity at molecular level, whereas Tregs delicately control the immune response at cellular...
A Critical Assembly of Uranium Enriched to 10% in Uranium-235

Big Ten is described in the detail appropriate for a benchmark critical assembly. Characteristics provided are spectral indexes and a detailed neutron flux spectrum, Rossi-α on a reactivity scale e...
Effect of distal antrectomy on gastric emptying of liquids and solids.

The influence of the terminal antrum on gastric emptying of liquids and solids was investigated. Gastric emptying of liquids was assessed in 5 healthy, conscious, fasting dogs by instilling 500 ml of 154 mM NaCl via an oral gastric tube and by recovering the gastric contents 15, 30, or 45 min later. Gastric emptying of solids was assessed by introducing 15 radio-opaque, plastic spheres into the stomach and by determining cinefluorographically the number remaining in the stomach at 1, 2, and 4 hr. In another series, liquids and spheres were given together, and their rates of emptying were determined. A 3.5-cm segment of distal antrum including pylorus was then excised, gastroduodenostomy was performed, and after 3 weeks or more the tests were repeated. NaCl instillates emptied rapidly from the intact stomach (over-all mean time 50% emptied, 25 min). The square root of the volume remaining declined linearly with time. In contrast, plastic spheres emptied slowly. Four hours were required for discharge of 50% or more of the spheres into the duodenum in all tests. Rhythmic retropulsion of the spheres always was seen cinefluorographically. The simultaneous administration of spheres and liquids did not consistently alter the rate of emptying of either. Distal antrectomy hastened gastric emptying of liquids slightly (over-all mean time 50% emptied, 19 min), but the square root of the volume of the instillate remaining still declined linearly with time. In contrast, the resection markedly increased gastric emptying of spheres, so that at least 50% of the spheres had been discharged by 1 hr in all tests. Retropulsion of the spheres was not seen after antrectomy. After operation, solids still did not alter gastric emptying of liquids, and vice versa. The data indicate that the terminal antrum and pylorus are of minor importance in the regulation of the gastric emptying of liquids but are of great importance in the gastric emptying of solids.
Synthesis and quality control of [18F]T807 for tau PET imaging

The detailed synthesis and quality control of [(18) F]T807, radiotracer for tau protein aggregate imaging, are described. The radiotracer synthesis was accomplished in an average of 48 min with an average specific activity at end-of-synthesis of over 4.4 TBq/µmole (120 Ci/µmole) and an average radiochemical yield of 32%. Compliance with all standard US Pharmacopeia Chapter acceptance tests was observed.
Intravitreal Administration of Human Bone Marrow CD34+ Stem Cells in a Murine Model of Retinal Degeneration.

Author(s): Moisseiev, Elad; Smit-McBride, Zeljka; Oltjen, Sharon; Zhang, Pengfei; Zawadzki, Robert J; Motta, Monica; Murphy, Christopher J; Cary, Whitney; Annett, Geralyn; Nolta, Jan A; Park, Susanna S | Abstract: PurposeIntravitreal murine lineage-negative bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic cells slow down retinal degeneration. Because human BM CD34+ hematopoietic cells are not precisely comparable to murine cells, this study examined the effect of intravitreal human BM CD34+ cells on the degenerating retina using a murine model.MethodsC3H/HeJrd1/rd1 mice, immunosuppressed systemically with tacrolimus and rapamycin, were injected intravitreally with PBS (n = 16) or CD34+ cells (n = 16) isolated from human BM using a magnetic cell sorter and labeled with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). After 1 and 4 weeks, the injected eyes were imaged with scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO)/optical coherence tomography (OCT) and tested with electroretinography (ERG). Eyes were harvested after euthanasia for immunohistochemical and microarray analysis of the retina.ResultsIn vivo SLO fundus imaging visualized EGFP-labeled cells within the eyes following intravitreal injection. Simultaneous OCT analysis localized the EGFP-labeled cells on the retinal surface resulting in a saw-toothed appearance. Immunohistochemical analysis of the retina identified EGFP-labeled cells on the retinal surface and adjacent to ganglion cells. Electroretinography testing showed a flat signal both at 1 and 4 weeks following injection in all eyes. Microarray analysis of the retina following cell injection showed altered expression of more than 300 mouse genes, predominantly those regulating photoreceptor function and maintenance and apoptosis.ConclusionsIntravitreal human BM CD34+ cells rapidly home to the degenerating retinal surface. Although a functional benefit of this cell therapy was not seen on ERG in this rapidly progressive retinal degeneration model, molecular changes in the retina associated with CD34+ cell therapy suggest potential trophic regenerative effects that warrant further exploration.
Turbulent Flow Past the Backward-Facing Step: Modeling and Computations

Turbulent separated flow past a backward-facing step is analyzed from both the modeling and computational points of view. The two-equation K-e turbulence model is modified to account for the imbalance in turbulence production and dissipation. Computations are also performed for the same physical configuration with the large-eddy simulation method using an eddy-viscosity based subgrid scale model. The results from both modeling and large-eddy simulations show that the dominant features of the flow field—namely, the size of the separation bubble and the streamwise component of the mean velocity—can be accurately predicted.
Foreign Bodies in the Hand and Wrist

Various common injuries in the wrist and hand are investigated in this chapter. Significant attention is paid not only to proper diagnostic examination and imaging, but also to optimal nonoperative and operative treatment options to manage these conditions.
Efficacy and safety of twice- vs once-daily dosing of lisinopril for hypertension

This retrospective cohort study compared administration of lisinopril twice daily and once daily for hypertension. Data were collected from an ambulatory electronic health record between 2011 and 2014. Patients previously receiving lisinopril 20 mg were placed into the once-daily cohort if changed to 40 mg once daily or into the twice-daily cohort if changed to 20 mg twice daily. Efficacy outcome measures were change in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure and achievement of blood pressure control (<140/90 mm Hg). Of 90 patients included (45 per cohort), the mean age was 61.8 years and 17.8% were black. Once- and twice-daily administrations were associated with blood pressure reductions of 6.2/1.5 mm Hg and 16.5/5.9 mm Hg, with a 10.2/4.3 mm Hg greater reduction with twice-daily administration (systolic blood pressure, P=.016; diastolic blood pressure, P=.068). Twice-daily lisinopril dosing was associated with greater systolic blood pressure reductions compared with the same total daily dose administered once daily.
Challenges and opportunities to integrate UAS in the National Airspace System

The Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) long-term vision for full and safe integration of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) into the National Airspace System (NAS) includes UAS operations in a non-segregated environment where manned and unmanned aircraft share airspace. NAS air traffic services and resources are provided, as needed, with appropriate technology, infrastructure, procedures and policies in place to ensure safe and efficient operations.
Formation of Polyphenol-Denatured Protein Flocs in Alcohol Beverages Sweetened with Refined Cane Sugars.

The sporadic appearance of floc from refined, white cane sugars in alcohol beverages remains a technical problem for both beverage manufacturers and sugar refiners. Cane invert sugars mixed with 60% pure alcohol and water increased light scattering by up to ∼1000-fold. Insoluble and soluble starch, fat, inorganic ash, oligosaccharides, Brix, and pH were not involved in the prevailing floc-formation mechanism. Strong polynomial correlations existed between the haze floc and indicator values (IVs) (color at 420 nm pH 9.0/color at pH 4.0—an indirect measure of polyphenolic and flavonoid colorants) (R2 = 0.815) and protein (R2 = 0.819) content of the invert sugars. Ethanol-induced denaturation of the protein exposed hydrophobic polyphenol-binding sites that were further exposed when heated to 80 °C. A tentative mechanism for floc formation was advanced by molecular probing with a haze (floc) active protein and polyphenol as well as polar, nonpolar, and ionic solvents.
Improving the sensitivity to map nonlinear parameters for hyperelastic problems

Abstract The mechanical properties of tissues are important indicators of tissue “health”. Diseased tissues due to cancer and other causes tend to stiffen with increase in strain, exhibiting a nonlinear stress–strain behavior. The hyperelastic mechanical behavior of soft tissues can be characterized by an exponential model with two material parameters, namely the shear modulus μ and a nonlinearity parameter γ . A variety of methods and techniques have been developed to solve inverse problems in nonlinear elasticity to determine these properties given the mechanical response of the tissues. Reconstruction of the nonlinear parameter from noisy measurements of displacement response is a difficult problem, and obtaining a well-recovered solution is challenging. This article is directed towards the improvement in the reconstruction of the nonlinear parameter, γ , by introducing a new parameter, which is a combination of γ and the first invariant of the Cauchy–Green deformation tensor. Comparative study is carried out between reconstructions of γ directly from previously existing formulations and the reconstruction of γ from the new parameter, for 2D problems. The new method is compared with previous methods using numerical experiments in terms of shape of the stiff regions, the contrast in γ and robustness under different loading conditions. We find that the new method is a considerable improvement to previous methods and could be a valuable tool in biomedical applications.
Managing institutional distance: Examining how firm-specific advantages impact foreign subsidiary CEO staffing

Based on the insight that superior access to knowledge can help foreign firms overcome liabilities of foreignness, we examine whether possession of firm-specific advantages shifts foreign firms’ CEO staffing strategies from local managers, who provide host-market insight, toward expatriates, who possess knowledge transfer and coordination capabilities. We find that, as institutional distance increases, firm-specific advantages from multinationality, regional agglomeration, and host-country experience substitute for the host-market insight of local CEOs. Foreign firms with such advantages instead staff the CEO role with expatriates. Our results are practically relevant to MNCs seeking to allocate a limited talent pool across different institutional contexts.
The redox “filter” beneath magmatic orogens and the formation of continental crust

The two most important magmatic differentiation series on Earth are the Fe-enriching tholeiitic series, which dominates the oceanic crust and island arcs, and the Fe-depleting calc-alkaline series, which dominates the continental crust and continental arcs. It is well known that calc-alkaline magmas are more oxidized when they erupt and are preferentially found in regions of thick crust, but why these quantities should be related remains unexplained. We use the redox-sensitive behavior of europium (Eu) in deep-seated, plagioclase-free arc cumulates to directly constrain the redox evolution of arc magmas at depth. Primitive arc cumulates have negative Eu anomalies, which, in the absence of plagioclase, can only be explained by Eu being partly reduced. We show that primitive arc magmas begin with low oxygen fugacities, similar to that of mid-ocean ridge basalts, but increase in oxygen fugacity by over two orders of magnitude during magmatic differentiation. This intracrustal oxidation is attended by Fe depletion coupled with fractionation of Fe-rich garnet. We conclude that garnet fractionation, owing to its preference for ferrous over ferric iron, results in simultaneous oxidation and Fe depletion of the magma. Favored at high pressure and water content, garnet fractionation explains the correlation between crustal thickness, oxygen fugacity, and the calc-alkaline character of arc magmas.
Concepts-Bridges: Uncovering Conceptual Bridges Based on Biomedical Concept Evolution

Given two topics of interest (A, C) that are otherwise disconnected - for instance two concepts: a disease ("Migraine") and a therapeutic substance ("Magnesium") - this paper attempts to find the conceptual bridges (e.g., serotonin (B)) that connects them in a novel way. This problem of mining implicit linkage is known as hypotheses generation and its potential to accelerate scientific progress is widely recognized. Almost all of the prior studies to tackle this problem ignore the temporal dynamics of concepts. This is limiting because it is known that the semantic meaning of a concept evolves over time. To overcome this issue, in this study, we define this problem as mining time-aware Top-k conceptual bridges, and in doing so provide a systematic approach to formalize the problem. Specifically, the proposed model first extracts relevant entities from the corpus, represents them in time-specific latent spaces, and then further reasons upon it to generate novel and experimentally testable hypotheses. The key challenge in this approach is to learn a mapping function that encodes the temporal characteristics of concepts and aligns the across-time latent spaces. To solve this, we propose an effective algorithm that learns precise mapping sensitive to both global and local semantics of the input query. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations performed on the largest available biomedical corpus substantiate the importance of leveraging the evolutionary semantics of medical concepts and suggests that the generated hypotheses are novel and worthy of clinical trials.
Surgery in Primary Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma

Various surgical procedures, depending on the extent of the tumor, have been practiced in patients with primary optic nerve sheath meningioma. Extirpation, sometimes including removal of the optic nerve from chiasm to globe, have occasionally been suggested. Some have proposed microsurgical resection, but patients risk high probability of postoperative blindness due to almost certain inadvertent dissection of the pial vasculature. Despite cases with isolated surgical benefit, the long-term experience of surgical manipulation of ONSM is limited. Several articles addressing intra-cranial meningioma undergoing gross total resection have indicated that residual tumor remains in situ and may even be spread during surgery. Therefore, surgical resection alone will not result in cure of “focal” tumors, and partial nerve sheath surgery could result in orbital recurrence. Although transient postoperative improvement is well documented after relief of congestion, it is typically of brief duration. Extirpative surgery is rarely required and obviously associated with complete and irreversible loss of function as well as potential for significant other morbidity and mortality. Therefore, radiation therapy most likely still represents the best treatment option for longterm preservation of vision in ONSM patients with progressive visual loss.
Unusual Presentation of Sigmoid Diverticulitis as an Acute Scrotum

We report a case of inflammation of the spermatic cord and testicle resulting from a perforated diverticulum of the sigmoid colon. Management included sigmoid resection with diversion, right orchiectomy and debridement of the right groin. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of retroperitoneal necrotizing fasciitis presenting initially as an acute scrotum.
Chemical Processes and Heat Loss in Cupolas

The first slag to form consists of coke ash and metal oxidation products. Limestone is incorporated later. Lower in the cupola, 0.4 m below the tuyeres, slag composition is much nearer to that of the tapped slag. However, it has less SiO2 and more FeO and MnO than tapped slag. Final slag composition is attained in the slag layer of the cupola as metallic Si is oxidized by reaction with FeO.
Fluoromethylene Cyanate Ester Resins

The synthesis and properties of the fluoromethylene cyanate ester monomer series, NCOCH2(CF2)nCH2OCN, n = 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and corresponding resins have been described. The resin property of particular importance is the dielectric constant, which decreases from 2.6 at n = 3 to 2.3 (1 GHz) at n ≥ 6. Based on yield, purification, melting point, cured resin dielectric, and moisture absorption properties, the n = 6 system has been identified as having the optimum trade-off between properties and processing. The synthesis has been scaled up to a kilogram, and mechanical properties are reported. Processing as thin films, molded objects, and composites is also described.
Effect of opioid dependence or abuse on opioid utilization after shoulder arthroplasty

AIM To examine whether opioid dependence or abuse has an effect on opioid utilization after anatomic or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). METHODS All anatomic TSA (ICD-9 81.80) and reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) (ICD-9 81.88) procedures from 2007 to 2015 were queried from within the Humana claims database utilizing the PearlDiver supercomputer (Colorado Springs, CO). Study groups were formed based on the presence or absence of a previous history of opioid dependence (ICD-9 304.00 and 304.03) or abuse (ICD-9 305.50 and 305.53). Opioid utilization among the groups was tracked monthly up to 1 year post-operatively utilizing National Drug Codes. A secondary analysis was performed to determine risk factors for pre-operative opioid dependence or abuse. RESULTS Two percent of TSA (157 out of 7838) and 3% of RSA (206 out of 6920) patients had a history of opioid dependence or abuse. For both TSA and RSA, opioid utilization was significantly higher in opioid dependent patients at all post-operative intervals (P < 0.01) although the incidence of opioid use among groups was similar within the first post-operative month. After TSA, opioid dependent patients were over twice as likely to fill opioid prescriptions during the post-operative months 1-12. Following RSA, opioid dependent patients were over 3 times as likely to utilize opioids from months 3-12. Age less than 65 years, history of mood disorder, and history of chronic pain were significant risk factors for pre-operative opioid dependence/abuse in patients who underwent TSA or RSA. CONCLUSION Following shoulder arthroplasty, opioid use between opioid-dependent and non-dependent patients is similar within the first post-operative month but is greater among opioid-dependent patients from months 2-12.
Imaging appearance following surgical decompression of the ulnar nerve

Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow is the second most common entrapment neuropathy of the upper extremity. Yet, there is a paucity of literature focusing on the imaging appearance following surgical decompression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow. Diagnostic imaging studies obtained after surgical decompression at The University of Michigan were reviewed and imaging findings were documented. We aim to describe the various techniques of ulnar nerve decompression and corresponding post-operative appearance on imaging. Potential complications following decompression will also be described with imaging and clinical correlation of recalcitrant ulnar neuropathy. It is important for the radiologist who performs MRI or ultrasound of the elbow to be aware of the various ulnar nerve decompression procedures. This knowledge will facilitate rapid and accurate diagnosis of normal and abnormal appearance of the ulnar nerve in this context.
Risk Perceptions and Barriers to Protective Behavior Use Among Chemical Tank Cleaners: An Exploratory Study.

Chemical tank cleaners’ occupational diseases and injuries are largely unknown due to a lack of monitoring and limited research. Their potential exposure to highly corrosive chemicals—including sodium hypochlorite, sodium hydroxide, and ferric chloride—suggests that tank cleaners represent an at-risk occupational group. This pilot study explored tank cleaners’ risk perceptions and barriers to using personal protective equipment and other protective behaviors in their workplace. Data sources included a survey (n = 29) and interviews (n = 9) with sodium hypochlorite tank cleaners in the United States. Although sodium hypochlorite may become reactive under high temperatures, 12 questionnaire respondents indicated not being concerned about high temperatures within the tank, and 15 were not concerned about exposure via ingestion. Analyses of survey and interview results provide evidence of inadequate training among tank cleaners, their lack of understanding of basic chemical properties and routes of exposure, and limited access to and an incomplete understanding of how to properly use personal protective equipment, particularly respiratory protection. These findings can inform researchers, educators, and safety engineers in developing future studies, interventions, and training to improve tank cleaners’ health and safety.
The Feasibility, Safety and Effectiveness of a Ketogenic Diet for Refractory Status Epilepticus in Adults in the Intensive Care Unit

Status, refractory status and super refractory status epilepticus are common neurologic emergencies. The objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of a ketogenic diet (KD) for refractory status epilepticus (RSE) in adults in the intensive care unit (ICU). We performed a retrospective, single-center study of patients between ages 18 and 80 years with RSE treated with a KD treatment algorithm from November 2016 through April 2018. The primary outcome measure was urine ketone body production as a biomarker of feasibility. Secondary measures included resolution of RSE and KD-related side effects. There were 11 adults who were diagnosed with RSE that were treated with the KD. The mean age was 48 years, and 45% (n = 5) of the patients were women. The patients were prescribed a median of three anti-seizure medications before initiating the KD. The median duration of RSE before initiation of the KD was 1 day. Treatment delays were the result of Propofol administration. 90.9% (n = 10) of patients achieved ketosis within a median of 1 day. RSE resolved in 72.7% (n = 8) of patients; however, 27.3% (n = 3) developed super-refractory status epilepticus. Side effects included metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia and hyponatremia. One patient (20%) died. KD may be feasible, safe and effective for treatment of RSE in the ICU. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) may be indicated to further test the safety and efficacy of KD.
High density genetic maps of St. Augustinegrass and applications to comparative genomic analysis and QTL mapping for turf quality traits

St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] is a warm-season, perennial turfgrass species well adapted for home lawns and commercial landscapes with economic and ecological value. However, a lack of genomic resources in St. Augustinegrass has hindered the full utilization of genetic variance for maximizing genetic gain and limited our understanding of the species’ evolution. In this study, we constructed the first high-density linkage map for St. Augustinegrass using a genotyping by sequencing (GBS) approach. The integrated linkage map consists of 2871 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and 81 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, spanning 1241.7 cM, with an average distance of 0.4 cM between markers, and thus represents the densest genetic map for St. Augustinegrass to date. Comparative genomic analysis revealed inter-chromosome arrangements and independent nested chromosome fusion events that occurred after St. Augustinegrass, foxtail millet, sorghum, and rice diverged from a common ancestor. Forty-eight candidate quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected for turf quality-related traits, including overall turf quality, leaf texture, genetic color, and turf density. Three hot spot regions were identified on linkage groups LG3 and LG8, where multi-QTL for different traits overlapped. Several leaf development related genes were contained within these identified QTL regions. This study developed the first high-density genetic map and identified putative QTL related to turf quality, which provide valuable genetic resources for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in St. Augustinegrass.
Clearing the Smoke: The Changing Identities and Work in Firefighters

The impact of computing devices on the nature of work has been a long-standing topic of inquiry. Removing the boundaries of traditional corporate organizations, mobile IoT has enabled a technology driven future, taking trans-formative technology off the desk and placing it in the field. The exponential increase in mobility and reduction in cost have expanded accessibility of computing technologies to whole new categories of work including emergency re-sponse. As new kinds of workplaces adopt and adapt to computing, we want to better understand how these tech-nologies impact the organization and change the types of work people do. In order to answer those questions, we present a qualitative investigation examining the implemen-tation of a wearable device into two fire departments in the Southeastern United States. Our analysis demonstrates how the particulars of these kinds of workplaces and organiza-tions will shape how we design new digital technologies for the next generation workforce.
N-cadherin expression and epithelial-to-mesenchyme transition in pancreatic cancer

2765 Loss of E-cadherin expression correlates with an invasive and differentiated phenotype in many carcinomas including pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, E- to N-cadherin “switching” induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), while plays a crucial role during invasion and metastasis of carcinomas. We have previously shown that N-cadherin expression is associated with invasive potential in cancer. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of N-cadherin expression in pancreatic cancer. We used the BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cell line to generate 3 cell lines: mock transfected cells (neomycin resistance gene), N-cadherin over-expressing cells, and N-cadherin knockdown cells. We transplanted each cell line into the pancreas of nude mice (each group n=6). Examination of the abdominal cavities 8 weeks later revealed that N-cadherin overexpressing cells formed significantly more metastases to the peritoneum than did the other cell lines. Furthermore, histological examination demonstrated micro-metastases in the lung of 4 of 6 mice receiving injections of N-cadherin overexpressing BxPC-3 cells, whereas no metastases were observed in mice that received mock- or N-cadherin knockdown cells. Pancreatic cancer is characterized by an intense fibrotic reaction associated with the tumor, which contains an abundance of type I collagen. This led us to ask whether interactions with type I collagen would up-regulate N-cadherin expression BxPC-3 cells, which would be predicted to increase the metastatic potential of these cells. We found that BxPC-3 cells became flatter and more scattered, and showed increased expression of mesenchymal markers, including N-cadherin, fibronectin and vimentin when cultured on collagen. This was not seen when cells were cultured on non-coated dishes, or dishes coated with fibronectin or laminin. A modified transwell assay showed that cells were more motile in collagen coated transwell dishes as compared to fibronectin coated transwell dishes. This increased cell motility was inhibited by N-cadherin knockdown. Thus, BxPC-3 cells undergo EMT in response to collagen. Changes in phenotype include up-regulation of N-cadherin and increase motility. These data together with the vivo studies suggest that N-cadherin plays a crucial role in promoting the malignant phenotype of pancreatic cancer.
Recent Literature on Bryophytes—104(3)

ANDRIUSAITYTI, D. & I. JUKONIENE. 2000. [Contribution of Jonas Pipinys to the investigations of bryoflora of Lithuania]. Botanica Lithuanica 6: 23-52. [English abstract and summary.] Anonymous. 2000. Global action to conserve bryophytes. Danthonia 9(3): 1, 4. ANTON, H., J. HEINRICHS, R. MUES & S. R. GRADSTEIN. 2000. Chemotaxonomic and morphological characterization of Plagiochila dusenii (Hepaticae), most closely related to Plagiochila validissima. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 89: 93-112. 5 fig. 3 tab. ARNESEN, T. 2001. Botanical investigations and management plan for Brakstad0yene (Misoya) in Fosnes, central Norway. Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet Vitenskapsmuseet Rapport Botanisk 2001(1): 1-29. ARTS, T. & D. DE BEER. 2000. Excursie naar de kleiputten van De Volharding en De Bonte Klepper te Rijkevorsel op 21 mei 2000. Muscillanea 20: 15-21. ARTS, T. 2001. A revision of the Splachnobryaceae (Musci). Lindbergia 26: 77-96. 16 fig. [Two genera, one monotypic, and ten species are recognized; new synonymy. New: Kopononobryum gen. nov., Kopononobryum bengalense (Gangulee) comb. nov., Splachnobryum crassinervium sp. nov.] ASAKAWA, Y. 2001. Recent advances in phytochemistry of bryophytes-acetogenins, terpenoids and bis(bibenzyl)s from selected Japanese, Taiwanese, New Zealand, Argentinean and European liverworts. Phytochemistry 56: 297-312.
Walking atomic vegas: ritual, memorial, and toxic landscapes

ABSTRACTThis article proposes the use of ritualized walking to mark and remember invisible threats and the ‘slow violence’ of contaminated landscapes undergoing gradual change. To exemplify the ide...
Outcomes of daratumumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone (DPd) followed by high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDCT/ASCT) in patients with relapsed/refractory myeloma RRMM.

e20508Background: The number of therapeutic options for patients with RRMM has increased significantly. Our institute treated a series of patients with induction therapy consisting of DPd followed ...
Revisiting the Civil-Military Conundrum in Africa

The military is a central component of the state and society with implications for statehood and social stability. Since independence, Africa has grappled with contentious and contradictory roles o...
Influence of broader geographic allograft sharing on outcomes and cost in smaller lung transplant centers.

Abstract: Objective On November 24, 2017, Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network implemented a change to lung allocation replacing donor service area with a 250 nautical mile radius around donor hospitals. We sought to evaluate the experience of a small to medium size center following implementation. Methods Patients (47 pre and 54 post) undergoing lung transplantation were identified from institutional database from January 2016 to October 2019. Detailed chart review and analysis of institutional cost data was performed. Univariate analysis was performed to compare eras. Results Similar short-term mortality and primary graft dysfunction were observed between groups. Decreased local donation (68% vs 6%, p Conclusions Following implementation of the new allocation policy in a small to medium size center, several changes were in accordance with policy intention. However, concerning shifts emerged including increased waitlist mortality and resource utilization. Continued close monitoring of transplant centers stratified by size and location are paramount to maintaining global availability of lung transplantation to all Americans regardless of geographic residence or socioeconomic status. (Word Count: 219/250)
Structures of the active HER2/HER3 receptor complex reveal dynamics at the dimerization interface induced by binding of a single ligand

The Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) and HER3 form a potent pro-oncogenic heterocomplex upon binding of growth factor neuregulin-1{beta} (NRG1{beta}). The mechanism by which HER2 and HER3 interact remains unknown in the absence of any structures of the complex. We isolated the NRG1{beta}-bound near full-length HER2/HER3 dimer and obtained a 2.9[A] cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) reconstruction of the extracellular domain module which reveals unexpected dynamics at the HER2/HER3 dimerization interface. We show that the dimerization arm of NRG1{beta}-bound HER3 is unresolved likely because the apo HER2 monomer fails to undergo a ligand-induced conformational change needed to establish a HER3 dimerization arm binding pocket. In a second structure of an oncogenic extracellular domain mutant of HER2, S310F, we observe a compensatory interaction with the HER3 dimerization arm that stabilizes the dimerization interface. We show that both HER2/HER3 and HER2-S310F/HER3 retain the capacity to bind to the HER2-directed therapeutic antibody, trastuzumab, but the mutant complex does not bind to pertuzumab. Our 3.5[A] structure of the HER2-S310F/HER3/NRG1{beta}/trastuzumab Fragment antigen binding (Fab) complex shows that the receptor dimer undergoes a conformational change to accommodate trastuzumab. Thus, like oncogenic mutations, therapeutics exploit the intrinsic dynamics of the HER2/HER3 heterodimer. The unique features of a singly liganded HER2/HER3 heterodimer underscore the allosteric sensing of ligand occupancy by the dimerization interface and explain why extracellular domains of HER2 do not homo-associate via a canonical active dimer interface.
Decision Support Systems in Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis: A review of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Applications

With the exponential growth of computational systems and increased patient data acquisition, dental research faces new challenges to manage a large quantity of information. For this reason, data science approaches are needed for the integrative diagnosis of multifactorial diseases, such as Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) Osteoarthritis (OA). The Data science spectrum includes data capture/acquisition, data processing with optimized web-based storage and management, data analytics involving in-depth statistical analysis, machine learning (ML) approaches, and data communication. Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in this process. It consists of developing computational systems that can perform human intelligence tasks, such as disease diagnosis, using many features to help in the decision-making support. Patient's clinical parameters, imaging exams, and molecular data are used as the input in cross-validation tasks, and human annotation/diagnosis is also used as the gold standard to train computational learning models and automatic disease classifiers. This paper aims to review and describe AI and ML techniques to diagnose TMJ OA and data science approaches for imaging processing. We used a web-based system for multi-center data communication, algorithms integration, statistics deployment, and process the computational machine learning models. We successfully show AI and data-science applications using patients' data to improve the TMJ OA diagnosis decision-making towards personalized medicine.
Pharmacogenetic Gene-Drug Associations: FDA Perspective on What Physicians Need to Know.

To share its perspective on the state of the science, the FDA has published a table of pharmacogenetic associations related to genetic variants that can affect drug concentrations, therapeutic responses, or adverse events.
Our Branch in the Tree of Life

Hall of Human Origins . Ian Tattersall and Rob DeSalle, curators . American Museum of Natural History, New York. www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/humanorigins/ This new exhibit blends findings from genomics and recent fossil discoveries to present the evolutionary story of humankind from the earliest hominids to Homo sapiens .
Use of Color in Child Care Environments: Application of Color for Wayfinding and Space Definition in Alabama Child Care Environments.

Color is a useful design element for wayfinding, spatial orientation, and space definition in children's environments. The study reported here compares the use of color in physical design features associated with the exterior design and interior design of child care centers (N = 101) located in Alabama. Color was evidenced on the exterior of the centers at just over half of the sample. The interior environments of the child care facilities had warm colors and bright accents in the setting; however, the majority of centers used only white, off-white, or gray on the walls.
Demonstration of peroxodiferric intermediate in M-ferritin ferroxidase reaction using rapid freeze-quench Mössbauer, resonance Raman, and XAS spectroscopies.

This chapter presents the advantages and disadvantages of the four methods employed in study. Stopped-flow absorption and RFQ-Mossbauer are suitable to obtain time resolution of species participating in the reaction under investigation. The obvious limitations of RFQ-Mossbauer spectroscopy are that (1) only 57 Fe-enriched proteins can be studied, and (2) very concentrated solutions are required. If these two criteria are met (as in this study) RFQ-Mossbauer spectroscopy is extremely useful because it provides an accurate quantification and detailed characterization of all Fe species involved in the reaction. The chapter describes RFQ-XAS and RFQ resonance Raman, which may be used to obtain detailed information about the geometric and electronic structure of reaction intermediates. For RFQ-resonance Raman spectroscopy, a major problem lies in the fact that the cryosolvent may be a good Raman scatterer, thereby possibly overshadowing true signals from the sample. Liquefied ethane is a suitable cryosolvent because it can be removed from the sample at -80°. As this temperature is significantly higher than the temperature of the quenching bath, it is important to make sure that the reaction intermediate is stable under these conditions.
Properties of Acetate Kinase Isozymes and a Branched-Chain Fatty Acid Kinase from a Spirochete

Spirochete MA-2, which is anaerobic, ferments glucose, forming acetate as a major product. The spirochete also ferments (but does not utilize as growth substrates) small amounts of l-leucine, l-isoleucine, and l-valine, forming the branched-chain fatty acids isovalerate, 2-methylbutyrate, and isobutyrate, respectively, as end products. Energy generated through the fermentation of these amino acids is utilized to prolong cell survival under conditions of growth substrate starvation. A branched-chain fatty acid kinase and two acetate kinase isozymes were resolved from spirochete MA-2 cell extracts. Kinase activity was followed by measuring the formation of acyl phosphate from fatty acid and ATP. The branched-chain fatty acid kinase was active with isobutyrate, 2-methylbutyrate, isovalerate, butyrate, valerate, or propionate as a substrate but not with acetate as a substrate. The acetate kinase isozymes were active with acetate and propionate as substrates but not with longer-chain fatty acids as substrates. The acetate kinase isozymes and the branched-chain fatty acid kinase differed in nucleoside triphosphate and cation specificities. Each acetate kinase isozyme had an apparent molecular weight of approximately 125,000, whereas the branched-chain fatty acid kinase had a molecular weight of approximately 76,000. These results show that spirochete MA-2 synthesizes a branched-chain fatty acid kinase specific for leucine, isoleucine, and valine fermentation. It is likely that a phosphate branched-chain amino acids is also synthesized by spirochete MA-2. Thus, in spirochete MA-2, physiological mechanisms have evolved which serve specifically to generate maintenance energy from branched-chain amino acids.