cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Radiographic Manifestations of Sputum Culture-Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Intervention at the earliest possible stage of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) reduces morbidity for the individual and transmission for the community. We characterize the clinical and radiographic manifestations of sputum culture-negative (Cx-) PTB in order to facilitate awareness of this under recognized and likely early disease state. In this cross-sectional sub-study, we reviewed the medical records of HIV-uninfected PTB patients enrolled from 2006-2014 within the context of a TB biomarker study in New York City. Cx- PTB was defined as clinical and/or radiographic presentation consistent with PTB, three initial mycobacterial sputum cultures negative, and no evidence of other respiratory disease. Diagnosis was confirmed by clinical and radiographic improvement on antituberculous treatment and/or culture, nucleic acid, or histological confirmation from a specimen other than the initial three sputa. Cx+ PTB was defined as above but with M. tuberculosis growth in at least one of the first three sputum cultures. Demographics, symptoms, and radiographic findings on initial presentation were compared between the two groups. Of 99 subjects diagnosed with PTB, 21 met the criteria of Cx- PTB. Cx- compared to Cx+ subjects presented with a significantly lower frequency of cough (70% vs. 91%, P = 0.02), sputum production (30% vs. 64%, P < 0.01), weight loss (25% vs. 54%, P = 0.02), and frequency of cavitation on chest CT (12% vs. 68%, P < 0.01). Our findings should raise awareness that neither a positive culture nor the hallmark symptoms are invariably associated with early TB disease.
Learning Disabilities as Functions of Familial Learning Problems and Developmental Problems

A family history of learning problems as provided on a specially designed questionnaire by maternal report was examined in families of 101 children with learning disabilities and 171 children without disabilities. Diagnoses of learning disabilities followed the U.S. Office of Education definition. Students were selected from the Special School District of St. Louis County and the Pattonville School District. A life history of developmental risk factors in the child subject was also examined in the same two groups. Learning disabilities were found to be strongly familial. In principle, the definition of learning disabilities excluded from the study children with problems attributable to child rearing, emotional, or motivational factors. The report of a family history of learning problems is therefore interpreted as consistent with, although not unequivocally supportive of, genetic factors as determinants. Among developmental factors, only male gender proved to have a significant association with learning disabilities.
Siloxane‐modified polyethersulfideimide

BDSDA/APB, a novel linear polyethersulfideimide, was synthesized using siloxane units as flexible linkages in the backbone in an attempt to improve use properties and processability. The effect of these flexible linkages on molecular weight buildup, flexural strength and modulus, glass transition temperature, and melt-flow properties was determined.
African American Caregivers and Substance Abuse in Child Welfare: Identification of Multiple Risk Profiles.

Despite the strong correlation between caregiver substance abuse and child maltreatment, little information exists to understand the typology of African American caregivers with substance abuse problems in the child welfare system. Research shows African American caregivers contend with multiple problems stemming from substance abuse. Unfortunately, we do not yet know how to best tailor resources to be responsive to varying groups of African American caregivers. Using data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW), this investigation tested for distinct multivariate profiles among a subset of African American caregivers with substance abuse problems (n = 258). Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to classify caregivers, and five classes were identified among this high risk sample—each with distinct risk profiles. Based on these findings, we discuss implications for tailored practices to enhance the safety and stability of children involved with child welfare.
Imbuing Everyday Actions with Meaning in Response to Existential Threat

Drawing on terror management theory and related perspectives on existential motivation, we hypothesized that people manage concerns with personal mortality by imbuing their everyday actions with abstract, self-relevant meaning. Accordingly, we found that subtle reminders of mortality led participants to view hypothetical actions at higher levels of action identification (Study 1), draw more connections between their current actions and personally significant long-term goals (Study 2), and perceive past actions as particularly influential in shaping their current self-concept (Study 3). These findings complement prior research, which has focused on the motivated defense of cultural worldviews, by showing how existential motivation shapes perceptions of even mundane personal actions.
Advanced telemanipulation under time delay

An advanced teleoperator control system is designed based on the paradigm of telemonitoring and Smith principle. By incorporating the model of human dynamics reacting to visual and force feedbacks into the control loop, a systematic and analytic way of obtaining an optimal teleoperator controller supporting operator's ease of control as well as of designing an optimal human/machine interface is established. The designed teleoperator control system also provides a proper coordination between human operator and manipulators under shared control through monitoring force feedback. The Smith principle is used to construct an optimal teleoperator control system under time delay, which allows not only to interpret the role of simulators in teleprogramming under time delay but also to provide an analytic result of what kind of sensory information is required and how the sensory information is fed back to the human operator. Simulation results are shown.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A Multi-criteria Approach to Formulating International Project-financing Strategies

Despite their commercial feasibility, many international projects have failed primarily because of poor financial planning. When formulating a project-financing strategy, financial managers of multinational corporations must consider a variety of conflicting objectives. The existence of conflicting goals makes the design of international project-financing strategies very difficult. A goal programming model is presented as an aid to financial managers for analysing trade-offs among conflicting financing goals and identifying the best multi-source financing package for major international projects.
Unbalanced: An Autoethnography of Fatherhood in Academe

This autoethnography describes my experiences as a doctoral student in a communication program and the father of a young child. In particular, this manuscript focuses on my struggles to maintain a sense of balance between the seemingly oppositional “callings” of fatherhood and academe. Using Rambo's (Ronai, 1992) “layered account,” I weave together a series of scenes from my experience as a new parent and graduate student during the last two years. The story moves back and forth through time and is written from a variety of perspectives and roles, including father, graduate student, husband, and ethnographer. By intermingling these time periods and voices through autoethnography, I endeavor to move beyond personal experience and comment on the larger social, cultural, and structural factors that influence the experiences of fathers in academe.
Membrane repolarization is delayed in proximal tubules after ischemia-reperfusion: possible role of microtubule-organizing centers.

We have previously shown that microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) attach to the apical network of intermediate filaments (IFs) in epithelial cells in culture and in epithelia in vivo. Because th...
Expression of LDL receptor, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein A-IV mRNA in various mouse organs as determined by a novel RNA-excess solution hybridization assay.

We report expression of LDL receptor, apolipoprotein B (apoB), apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and apolipoprotein A-IV (apoAIV) mRNA in various mouse organs. These mRNA were quantified by an RNA-excess solution hybridization assay. For preparing specific probes, we cloned cDNA fragments of rat LDL receptor, apoB and apoA-I and mouse apoA-IV into the polylinker region of pGEM3Zf(+) and used the recombinant vectors for preparing 32 P-labeled cRNA probes as well as RNA standards using the T7 and SP6 promoters flanking the polylinker regions. Preparation of cRNA probes and RNA standards is faster and more convenient than preparing cDNA probes and ssDNA standards. Absolute levels of mRNA were quantified in the liver, intestine, kidney, heart, lung, spleen and adrenals of females of two mouse strains, C3H/HeJ and C57BL/6J. ApoB, apoA-I and apoA-IV genes in mice are expressed in the liver and intestine and LDL receptor gene is expressed mainly in liver, intestine and adrenals. ApoA-I mRNA levels were found to be 730 and 1039 molecules per cell in liver and intestine, respectively, in C3H mice and 762 and 952 molecules per cell in C57BL mice. ApoB mRNA levels were 66 and 170 molecules per cell in the liver and intestine of C3H and 83 and 243 molecules per cell in C57BL, respectively. ApoA-IV mRNA was found to be 3525 and 2964 molecules per cell in the liver and intestine of female C57BL mice, respectively. LDL receptor mRNA levels were 39, 32 and 14 molecules per cell in the liver, intestine and adrenals of C3H.
An existence theorem for the flow of a non-newtonian fluid past an infinite porous plate

Abstract Non-Newtonian fluid mechanics affords an excellent opportunity for studying many of the mathematical methods which have been developed to analyse non-linear problems in mechanics. The flow of an incompressible fluid of grade three past an infinite porous flat plate, subject to suction at the plate, is governed by a non-linear differential equation that is particularly well suited to demonstrate the power and usefulness of three such techniques. We establish an existence theorem using shooting methods. Next, we investigate the problem using a perturbation analysis. It is not clear that the perturbation solution converges and thus may not be the appropriate solution for a certain range of a material constant (which is not the perturbation parameter). Finally, we employ a numerical method which is particularly suited to the problem in question.
Liquid cloudwater collection using modified Mohnen slotted rods

Slotted rods were used to collect liquid water from summer stratocumulus clouds during the Dycoms program near San Diego. The rods were mounted on a pylon atop the fuselage of NCAR's Electra. Their collection efficiency (relative to King probe liquid water content measurements) averaged 84±15% after an initial conditioning period. During collection runs in which the average LWC exceeded 0.1 g/m3, the efficiency averaged 91±12%. We have identified several factors necessary to achieve this level of performance.
A Linguistic and Computational Analysis of the German "Third Construction"

However, far more common is a construction in which the entire subordinate clause is extraposed: Weil ich ti versprochen habe, [das Fahrrad zu reparieren]i. In addition, a third construction is possible, which has been called the "third construction", in which only the embedded verb, but not its nominal argument has been extraposed: Weil ich das Fahrrad ti versprochen habe [zu reparieren]i, A similar construction can also be observed ff there are two levels of embedding. In this case, the number of possible word orders increases from 3 to 30, 6 of which are shown in Figure 1. Of the 30 sentences, 7 are clearly ungrammatical (marked "*"), and 3 are extremely marginal, but not "flat out" (marked "?*"). The remaining 20 are acceptable to a greater or lesser degree (marked "ok" or "?"). No attempt has been made in the linguistic or computational literature to account for this full range of data.
Defensive Processing of Personally Relevant Health Messages

Subectsfor whom a health threat was relvant or irrelevant were recruited and matched on prior beliefs in the health threat. Following exposure to either a low- or a high-threat message, high-relvance subjects were less likely to believe in the threat. Consistent with earlier work, no evidence was found to suggest that defensive inattention to the messages mediated subjects' final beliefs. Instead, processing measures suggested that highrelevance subects processed threatening parts of both messages in a biased fashion. The relationship between biased judgment and biased processing is discussed, as are the difficulties in documenting the latter
Adriamycin, dibromodulcitol, and mitomycin combination chemotherapy for patients with metastatic breast carcinoma previously treated with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, and prednisone

Twenty-six evaluable patients with metastatic breast carcinoma previously treated with a combination of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, and prednisone (CMFVP) were treated with a combination of doxorubicin (Adriamycin), dibromodulcitol, and mitomycin (ADM). Four patients (15%) achieved complete remission, and 10 patients (39%) had a partial response. Five patients (19%) had stable disease, and seven patients (27%) experienced disease progression. The median time to disease progression was 10 months for responding patients (range, 4-44 months) and 5 months (range, 2-13 months) for patients with stable disease. The median survival duration was 15 months (range, 6-44+ months) for responders, 11 months (range, 2-27 months) for patients with stable disease, and 4 months (range, 2-41 months) for nonresponders. Two of the four patients with complete remission are alive and in continued remission at a follow-up of 44 and 40 months. Seventy-one patients with greater than or equal to two sites of metastasis responded, whereas 23% of patients with greater than or equal to three metastatic sites responded. Although higher responses were seen with soft tissue and osseous metastasis, responses were observed in all three sites of metastasis. This combination chemotherapy regimen with ADM is an effective second-line program for patients who have previously received CMFVP chemotherapy.
Identification and Characterization of Mechanism of Action of P61-E7, a Novel Phosphine Catalysis-Based Inhibitor of Geranylgeranyltransferase-I

Small molecule inhibitors of protein geranylgeranyltransferase-I (GGTase-I) provide a promising type of anticancer drugs. Here, we first report the identification of a novel tetrahydropyridine scaffold compound, P61-E7, and define effects of this compound on pancreatic cancer cells. P61-E7 was identified from a library of allenoate-derived compounds made through phosphine-catalyzed annulation reactions. P61-E7 inhibits protein geranylgeranylation and blocks membrane association of geranylgeranylated proteins. P61-E7 is effective at inhibiting both cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, and it induces high p21CIP1/WAF1 level in human cancer cells. P61-E7 also increases p27Kip1 protein level and inhibits phosphorylation of p27Kip1 on Thr187. We also report that P61-E7 treatment of Panc-1 cells causes cell rounding, disrupts actin cytoskeleton organization, abolishes focal adhesion assembly and inhibits anchorage independent growth. Because the cellular effects observed pointed to the involvement of RhoA, a geranylgeranylated small GTPase protein shown to influence a number of cellular processes including actin stress fiber organization, cell adhesion and cell proliferation, we have evaluated the significance of the inhibition of RhoA geranylgeranylation on the cellular effects of inhibitors of GGTase-I (GGTIs). Stable expression of farnesylated RhoA mutant (RhoA-F) results in partial resistance to the anti-proliferative effect of P61-E7 and prevents induction of p21CIP1/WAF1 and p27Kip1 by P61-E7 in Panc-1 cells. Moreover, stable expression of RhoA-F rescues Panc-1 cells from cell rounding and inhibition of focal adhesion formation caused by P61-E7. Taken together, these findings suggest that P61-E7 is a promising GGTI compound and that RhoA is an important target of P61-E7 in Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cells.
High-order adaptive optics system with a high-density spherical membrane deformable mirror

We have designed a new type of curved deformable mirror with 3000 actuators. It will be used at the 6.5 m MMT telescope in an adaptive optics system to correct the wavefront on a scale of 12 cm, for diffraction limited images in visible light and for high contrast imaging with a coronagraph in the near IR. The mirror's 51 cm diameter glass faceplate, 400 microns thick, will be actuated by tubular piezoceramic actuators on 8 mm centers. The mirror is made concave so it can be used in a simple, compact optical relay with no need for large collimator or camera elements. A prototype deformable mirror with 300 elements that test the support and assembly techniques is being built for lab test and will be tested in a closed loop adaptive optics system at the Steward Observatory.
Abstracting Process-to-Function Relations in Concurrency Object-Oriented Applications

This paper presents a programming model for concurrent object-oriented applications by which concurrency issues are abstracted and separated from the code. The main goal of the model is to minimize dependency between application specific functionality and concurrency control. Doing so, software reuse can be effective and concurrent programs are more flexible, meaning that changes in the implementation of the operations don't necessarily imply changes in the synchronization scheme (and vice-versa). We make an analysis of concurrent computation, review existing systems and their inherent limitations, and discuss the fundamental problems in abstracting concurrency. Then we propose a solution based on lessons learned with adaptive software, introducing the concept of synchronization patterns. The result is a programming model by which data, operations and concurrency control are minimally interdependent.
The immunocytochemical localization of serotonergic neurons in the rat hypothalamus.

Abstract In rats pretreated with pargyline and l -tryptophan a group of neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus stained immunocytochemically for serotonin. These neurons measured approximately 9 μm and were distributed over a rostro-caudal distance of 900 μm. There were a total of 708 cells. No labeled cells were seen in this hypothalamic group in normal, colchicine- or pargyline-pretreated rats.
Abundance Changes of the Response Regulator RcaC Require Specific Aspartate and Histidine Residues and Are Necessary for Normal Light Color Responsiveness

RcaC is a large, complex response regulator that controls transcriptional responses to changes in ambient light color in the cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon. The regulation of RcaC activity has been shown previously to require aspartate 51 and histidine 316, which appear to be phosphorylation sites that control the DNA binding activity of RcaC. All available data suggest that during growth in red light, RcaC is phosphorylated and has relatively high DNA binding activity, while during growth in green light RcaC is not phosphorylated and has less DNA binding activity. RcaC has also been found to be approximately sixfold more abundant in red light than in green light. Here we demonstrate that the light-controlled abundance changes of RcaC are necessary, but not sufficient, to direct normal light color responses. RcaC abundance changes are regulated at both the RNA and protein levels. The RcaC protein is significantly less stable in green light than in red light, suggesting that the abundance of this response regulator is controlled at least in part by light color-dependent proteolysis. We provide evidence that the regulation of RcaC abundance does not depend on any RcaC-controlled process but rather depends on the presence of the aspartate 51 and histidine 316 residues that have previously been shown to control the activity of this protein. We propose that the combination of RcaC abundance changes and modification of RcaC by phosphorylation may be necessary to provide the dynamic range required for transcriptional control of RcaC-regulated genes.
Weighted stansfield algorithm in three dimensions

In bearings-only geolocation, strategies that accurately combine both azimuth and elevation information for three-dimensional position estimation are required. This paper introduces a novel bearings-only geolocation algorithm, the Weighted Stansfield Algorithm in Three Dimensions (WS3D). This procedure uses a linearized approximation to the maximum likelihood cost for both the azimuth and elevation measurements, and uses both the bearing accuracies and estimates of the range to emitter in the zero-elevation geometric plane to minimize this cost in pair of least-squares procedures. Simulations of the new algorithm show that range and bearing accuracy weighting is important to obtain best performance. The algorithm also asymptotically outperforms a recently-derived instrumental variable (IV) algorithm for 3D geolocation designed to remove bias effects.
Multi-objective α-reliable path finding in stochastic networks with correlated link costs: A simulation-based multi-objective genetic algorithm approach (SMOGA)

In this study, we propose a new simulation-based multi-objective genetic algorithm (SMOGA) approach to find a portfolio of reliable nondominant (Pareto) paths, a set of paths that is equally good or better at least in one objective space compared to all other paths, in stochastic networks while considering link travel time uncertainties and correlations among link travel times. Our SMOGA model consists of a Monte Carlo simulation, a genetic algorithm, and a Pareto filter module to find a set of Pareto paths that minimize the travel time budgets required to satisfy multiple requirements of travel time reliability pre-determined by users. For our purposes, an alpha (and beta) reliable path finding problem is first formulated as a variant of Chance Constrained Multi-objective Programming (CCMOP) model. Then the simulation module is used to simulate stochastic networks with correlations among link travel times, and genetic algorithm and Pareto filter module are used to effectively search for Pareto paths that satisfy multiple reliability requirements in combinatorial solution space. Numerical results on the Chicago Sketch network demonstrate that our carefully designed genetic representation (a variable-length chromosome and two ways of generating initial population) and genetic operators (a crossover and a mutation operator) effectively explore solution space and ensure the feasibility and diversity of offspring paths. Further, our graphical representations of Pareto paths on the same network indicate that simplified models that do not consider correlations among link travel time distributions may find Pareto paths with a significant bias in travel time budgets and hence provide travelers sub-optimal paths.
A Two-Way Semilinear Model for Normalization and Analysis of cDNA Microarray Data

A basic question in analyzing cDNA microarray data is normalization, the purpose of which is to remove systematic bias in the observed expression values by establishing a normalization curve across the whole dynamic range. A proper normalization procedure ensures that the normalized intensity ratios provide meaningful measures of relative expression levels. We propose a two-way semilinear model (TW–SLM) for normalization and analysis of microarray data. This method does not make the usual assumptions underlying some of the existing methods. For example, it does not assume that the percentage of differentially expressed genes is small or that there is symmetry in the expression levels of up-regulated and down-regulated genes, as required in the lowess normalization method. The TW–SLM also naturally incorporates uncertainty due to normalization into significance analysis of microarrays. We use a semiparametric approach based on polynomial splines in the TW–SLM to estimate the normalization curves and the no...
NEAR WAKE OF AN UNSTEADY SYMMETRIC AIRFOIL

The near wake properties and the Kutta condition of an airfoil in plunging motion are examined in this paper. The plunging airfoil had many operating parameters, e.g. reduced frequency, oscillating amplitude and angle of attack. The velocity field near the trailing edge was found to be strongly affected by the operating condition of the airfoil. In inviscid analytical or numerical approaches, it is necessary to require that the rear stagnation streamline leaves the airfoil from the sharp trailing edge, so that the solution is unique. This is the well known Kutta condition. For an airfoil in unsteady motion, the Kutta condition is not as obvious as in the steady case and thus becomes a complicated and interesting problem. In this paper, the unsteady Kutta condition was studied experimentally, in terms of both the trailing edge loading and the rear stagnation streamline.
Work-family conflict and self-discrepant time allocation at work

We examine the relationships between work-to-family conflict, time allocation across work activities, and the outcomes of work satisfaction, well-being, and salary in the context of self-regulation and self-discrepancy theories. We posit work-to-family conflict is associated with self-discrepant time allocation such that employees with higher levels of work-to-family conflict are likely to allocate less time than preferred to work activities that require greater self-regulatory resources (e.g., tasks that are complex, or those with longer term goals that delay rewards and closure) and allocate more time than preferred to activities that demand fewer self-regulatory resources or are replenishing (e.g., those that provide closure or are prosocial). We suggest this self-discrepant time allocation (actual vs. preferred time allocation) is one mechanism by which work-to-family conflict leads to negative employee consequences (Allen, Herst, Bruck, & Sutton, 2000; Mesmer-Magnus & Viswesvaran, 2005). Using polynomial regression and response surface methodology, we find that discrepancies between actual and preferred time allocations to work activities negatively relate to work satisfaction, psychological well-being, and physical well-being. Self-discrepant time allocation mediates the relationship between work-to-family conflict and work satisfaction and well-being, while actual time allocation (rather than the discrepancy) mediates the relationship between work-to-family conflict and salary. We find that women are more likely than men to report self-discrepant time allocations as work-to-family conflict increases.
Penetration of electromagnetic velocity fields through a conducting wall of finite thickness.

The penetration of electric and magnetic velocity fields through a conducting wall (with \ensuremath{\epsilon}=1, \ensuremath{\mu}=1) when a nonrelativistic charged particle is traveling outside parallel to the wall is calculated for a good conductor in a perturbation analysis through first order in the velocity ratio \ensuremath{\beta}=v/c. It is found that the magnetic field behind the conducting wall is of a universal character depending only on the displacement of the field point from the charged particle outside the wall; the field is modified by the presence of the conducting wall but is independent of the conductivity, the thickness, or the relative placement of the wall. Within the conductor, the magnetic field depends upon the thickness of the wall but not upon the conductivity of the wall. In front of the conducting wall, the magnetic field is independent of the conductivity or the thickness of the wall. The electric field inside and outside the conducting wall depends upon the conductivity and thickness of the wall. In the region behind the wall, the electric field falls off as ${\mathit{r}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$. The currents in the conducting wall are independent of conductivity but depend upon the thickness of the wall. The electric field in front of the wall exerts a dragging force on the passing charged particle, providing the energy balance for resistive heating in the wall. This dragging force increases as the thickness of the wall decreases. The present general analysis extends earlier work in the literature that treats the special cases of an infinitely thick conducting wall and of a thin perfectly conducting wall. The ideas involved are unfamiliar to many physicists, who are not aware that electromagnetic velocity fields have an algebraic behavior inside conductors, which is completely different from the familiar exponential damping of electromagnetic wave fields. The ideas are of interest in connection with the electromagnetic shielding of systems from electromagnetic fields of passing charges and in connection with the Aharonov-Bohm effect where charged particles pass close to conducting solenoids. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Evidence for a distinct kind of noun

According to traditional accounts of the count/mass distinction, singular count nouns require a determiner. These accounts do not explain why certain count nouns (e.g., "camp" and "church") do not obey that rule. In this paper it is argued that these kinds of nouns are distinct from count nouns and, in fact, are lexical noun phrases. Thus, they are labelled "NP-type nouns". The spontaneous speech of four children and their parents was examined for the use of determiners with NP-type nouns and count nouns. It was shown that the parents made a clear distinction between the two kinds of nouns. That is, they omitted determiners with the NP-type nouns, but not with the count nouns. Each of the children made the same distinction by 4 years of age, and in two cases much earlier. Additionally, the children's use of adjectives was examined and it was found that they modified NP-type nouns as if they were noun phrases. It was concluded that NP-type nouns are represented as noun phrases and that children acquire the category as, or before, they acquire the count/mass distinction. The implications for theories of the count/mass distinction were discussed and additional questions concerning learnability and historical change were raised.
Multifamily Groups in Recovery: A Revised Multifamily Curriculum

The Center for the Study of Addiction and Recovery (CSAR; a center within the College of Human Sciences at Texas Tech University) operates a Collegiate Recovery Community. This community provides a model of support and relapse prevention for college students recovering from addictive behaviors—primarily alcohol and drug addiction. In addition, the CSAR provides the clinical management for an inpatient alcohol and drug treatment facility, The Ranch at Dove Tree (DTR). Professionals at DTR work with individuals using a number of different therapeutic techniques including individual therapy, gender-specific group therapy, multifamily therapy groups, trauma groups, and life skills groups. This article presents a revised multifamily group curriculum developed by the authors and originally tested in an outpatient treatment program. This revised multifamily curriculum was implemented as part of the multifamily programs of both the CSAR and DTR. Preliminary feedback gathered as part of the CSAR family program is ...
Glucocorticoid activates glomerular antioxidant enzymes and protects glomeruli from oxidant injuries

Glucocorticoid activates glomerular antioxidant enzymes and protects glomeruli from oxidant injuries. We examined the effect of glucocorticoid on intrinsic glomerular antioxidant enzyme (AOE) activities. Munich-Wistar rats were treated with daily i.p. injection of vehicle or methylprednisolone [MP, 15mg/kg body wt, (MP 15)] either for three days or nine days. Glomeruli isolated from rats given MP 15 had significantly higher activities of total (T-) and manganese (Mn-) superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase than vehicle-treated rats P pr V) after hydrogen peroxide infusion were markedly lower in rats pretreated with MP 15 for both three days and nine days than in untreated rats (109 ± 18 and 55 ± 24 vs. 416 ± 73 µg/min, respectively, both P pr V averaging 32.3 ± 9.4 versus 159.0 ± 13.8 mg/24hr (P
Lead contamination of inexpensive plastic jewelry.

Abstract The neurological hazards of lead to children are well-known. As a result of recent documented cases of lead poisoning, regulatory attention in the United States has focused on the lead content of children's metal jewelry. By contrast, little is known about the possible hazards of plastic jewelry items. The objective of this study was to determine whether inexpensive plastic jewelry is a possible source of toxic lead for children. Samples of more than 100 inexpensive plastic jewelry items were analyzed for lead content. Beads were screened by soaking in 1 M nitric acid. Nine items found to release more than 30 µg of lead per bead were further tested for accessible lead, and scrapings of the bead coatings were analyzed for total lead content. The maximum accessible lead found was 49 µg per bead, which is below the current US Consumer Product Safety Commission limit of 175 µg. However, when the number of beads in each item was taken into account, six of the nine leaded samples contained more than 175 µg accessible lead per item. The lead in these items appears to be associated with lead-based paints used to produce glossy coatings on imitation pearls and similar items. Coatings obtained by scraping individual beads contained 3.5–23% lead, which far exceeds the US regulatory limit of 0.06% lead in paints on items intended for children. Our results demonstrate that plastic jewelry items merit the attention of public health and consumer protection agencies seeking to limit the exposure of children to lead.
Dietary control of chronic maxillofacial pain

Chronic maxillofacial pain has been treated with a therapeutic diet consisting of approximately 80% carbohydrate, 10% protein and 10%, fat content, plus 3 g supplementary tryptophan daily. Overall, the treatment has been found to be 62% effective, as measured by either elimination of pain or at least a 50%, reduction in pain intensity. Pain reduction as measured by mean pain rating scales, increased linearly with the passage of time.
CHANGES IN THE LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS OF EXCISED BOVINE MUSCLE

Investigations were completed to determine whether any differences could be detected in the low molecular weight nitrogenous compounds of excised bovine muscle at O-time or that held at 4° C for 12 days. No differences were noted between the electrophoretic patterns of the soluble proteins of the 0 and 12day samples either before or after gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 columns. However, gel electrophoretic patterns indicated that one band consisted of low molecular weight non-protein compounds. Absorbance data (280 and 260 nm) of the soluble proteins separated by gel filtration indicated that the 12day sample contained a slightly higher level of low molecular weight nonprotein nitrogenous compounds than did the O-day sample. Results of nitrogen determinations of the gel-filtered extracts also supported this finding. Data of ultraviolet scanning of gel-ftltered extracts showed that the low molecular weight nitrogenous compounds had a greater absorbancy at 260 than at 280 nm. Results of two-dimensional paper chromatography-high voltage electrophoresis did not reveal the presence of polypeptides in either the O- or 12day samples.
The role of iron(III) hydroxide as a collector of molybdenum from sea water

Abstract The behavior of iron(III) hydroxide was studied in order to clarify its role as a collector of the trace element molybdenum in sea water. Iron(III)hydroxide formed in sea water possesses a charge which is pH-dependent. At pH 4.0 the colloid has an apparent maximum positive-charge density and is able to adsorb molybdenum quantitatively as molybdate. Above pH 9 the charge is reversed and the iron(III) hydroxide no longer collects molybdate. Qualitative electrophoretic tests carried out in distilled water confirmed the positive and negative charge on the iron(III) hydroxide in acid and basic solution, respectively. At pH 10.0, calcium and magnesium salts coprecipitated molybdate in the presence or absence of iron (III) hydroxide. Procedures were worked out for the determination of molybdenum in sea water concentrated by iron(III) hydroxide at pH 4.0, and by calcium and magnesium salts at pH 10.0.
Reactive power markets: A possible future?

Reliability issues in the wake of major blackouts have spurred a discussion on the development of reactive power markets. In the 2003 North American blackout, reactive power deficiency was identified as one of the causes for the propagation of the blackout. This event to an extent motivated the federal electricity regulatory committee (FERC) to explore the idea of reactive power markets. This paper investigates the need of reactive power in the system, the present compensatory structures and the new market structures suggested in literature. A survey of the present practices regarding compensation of reactive power and the associated drawbacks has been presented. In addition, the paper also analyses the possible challenges associated with implementation of competitive market structures as envisaged by FERC.
Pathogen clumping: an explanation for non‐linear transmission of an insect virus

1. Previous work has shown that transmission of some insect pathogens is a non-linear process. A number of hypotheses have been put forward as explanations for this phenomenon; however, none have proven wholly satisfactory. Here we test the effects on transmission of spatial distribution of an insect virus by testing whether or not experimental manipulations of pathogen clumping lead to different values of a clumping parameter. The gypsy moth nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) was used, which is transmitted when larvae consume virus released from previously infected larvae that have died on foliage. 2. It was found that even when virus densities on foliage were equal, overall mortality was lower when virus-killed cadavers were clumped on foliage. 3. Non-linearity is more pronounced when cadavers are clumped than when they are placed at random on the foliage. Placement of droplets containing LdMNPV on foliage resulted in more linear transmission compared with cadavers. 4. Spatial clumping of viral inoculum thus provides part of the explanation for non-linear transmission in this system. The ultimate explanation for non-linear transmission is likely to involve some combination of spatial clumping and heterogeneity in behaviours such as feeding rate or the ability to avoid pathogen.
Data structures for mobile data (invited talk) (abstract only)

Computer systems commonly cache the values of variables to gain efficiency. In applications where the goal is to track attributes of a continuously moving or deforming physical system over time, caching relations between variables works better than caching individual values. The reason is that, as the system evolves, such relationships are more stable than the values of individual variables.Kinetic data structures (KDSs) are a novel formal framework for designing and analyzing sets of assertions to cache about the environment, so that these assertion sets are at once relatively stable and tailored to facilitate or trivialize the computation of the attribute of interest. Formally, a KDS is a mathematical proof animated through time, proving the validity of a certain computation for the attribute of interest. KDSs have rigorous associated measures of performance and their design shares many qualities with that of classical data structures.The KDS framework has led to many new and promising algorithms in applications where the efficient modeling of motion is essential. Among these are collision detection for moving rigid and deformable bodies, connectivity maintenace in ad-hoc networks, local environment tracking for mobile agents, and visibility/occlusion maintenance. This talk will survey the general ideas behind KDSs and illustrate their application to simple geometric problems that arise in virtual and physical environments.
Handicapped Labels and Instructional Segregation: Influences on Children's Self-Concepts versus the Perceptions of Others

Self-concept scores of preadolescent mildly handicapped children enrolled in one of three instructional settings (one- or two-hour resource and self-contained) were compared to those of regular-class students whose teachers indicated they were having sufficient academic difficulties to warrant special education placement. In addition, mothers of children in all groups were asked to complete a copy of the self-concept measure by responding to the items as they would expect their offspring to respond. The relatively higher scores for special education students as opposed to regular-class students was taken in support of the contention that (a) children's self-concepts are largely dependent on social comparisons to others in their primary reference group; and (b) partial instructional segregation in homogeneous groups may enhance young handicapped children's self-concepts by providing them a more favorable environment in which to make social comparisons. The finding that mothers of handicapped children consi...
DELIVERY GUARANTEES AND THE INTERDEPENDENCE OF MARKETING AND OPERATIONS

Delivery guarantees are an important element in a customer satisfaction program. When setting delivery guarantees, a firm must consider customer expectations as well as operational constraints. We develop a profit-maximization model in which a firm's sales organization, with incomplete information on operations' status, solicits orders and quotes delivery dates. If obtained, orders are processed in a make-to-order facility, after which revenue is received, minus tardiness penalty if the delivery was later than quoted. We specify conditions for an optimal log-linear decision rule and provide exact expressions for its effect on arrival rate, mean processing time, and mean cycle time.
Investigation of titanium&#8212;nitride layers for solar-cell contacts

Reactively sputtered titanium-nitride layers have been incorporated as diffusion barriers in a titanium-silver metallization scheme on silicon, Backscattering analysis (2-MeV He+, RBS) indicates that the integrity of the system is basically preserved during annealing at 600° for 10 min. Electrical properties were determined for titanium-nitride layers prepared under different deposition conditions. Resistivity and Hall mobility appear to depend on the oxygen contamination of the deposited material. For the lowest oxygen concentration (<5 at %) a resistivity of 170 µΩ . cm has been found.
Complexities of Collaboration: Intensity of Mentors' Responses to Paired and Single Student Teachers

Abstract This study examined an innovative approach to student teaching, where pairs of secondary teacher candidates worked together under the guidance of a single mentor teacher. Like studies of partnered student teachers at the elementary level, our study found that paired secondary student teacher candidates developed a more intense and effective relationship with their mentor than did student teachers who worked alone under the guidance of a mentor teacher. By restructuring the relationship between students and their mentor, partnering created a new and more powerful dynamic, one that centered more on pedagogy than on personality. As mentor teachers found that guiding paired student teachers was more complex and demanding, they endorsed this innovation. Our results lend support to an emerging literature that suggests that paired placements form a more effective way of preparing teachers.
Treatment of imbalance with varenicline (Chantix®): report of a patient with fragile X tremor/ataxia syndrome

We describe the case of a man with Fragile X tremor/ataxia syndrome, whose ataxia and imbalance improved with the use of varenicline (Chantix®) and reverted to baseline 10 days after varenicline was discontinued. Varenicline was started as part of a smoking cessation program.
Unaltered Plasma Prolactin Levels in Men After Administration of Synthetic LH-Releasing Hormone

Plasma prolactin levels were not consistently changed by administration of a dose of synthetic LH-RH which released LH and, to a lesser extent, FSH in 19 normal men. Pretreatment with large doses of estrogen, progesterone, or their combination for three days did not affect the release of prolactin.
Presenilin regulates capacitative calcium entry dependently and independently of γ-secretase activity

Mutations in presenilin-1 and 2 (PS) lead to increased intracellular calcium stores and an attenuation in the refilling mechanism known as capacitative calcium entry (CCE). Previous studies have shown that the mechanism by which PS modulates intracellular calcium signaling is dependent on gamma-secretase activity. Although the modulation of intracellular calcium signaling can lead to alterations in CCE, it is plausible that PS can also directly affect CCE independent of the effect it exerts on intracellular stores. To investigate this possibility, we studied the effects of the dominant negative variant of PS1 known as DeltaTM1-2, which lacks the first two transmembrane domains of PS1 and in which gamma-secretase activity is abrogated. We demonstrate that, like other dominant negative isoforms of PS1, DeltaTM1-2 expression leads to reduced intracellular calcium. However, unlike other dominant negative isoforms, DeltaTM1-2 leads to a deficit rather than a potentiation of CCE. These data suggest that changes in the structural components of presenilin can modulate CCE independent of its function in gamma-secretase activity and intracellular calcium stores.
Boron Nitride Coatings and Materials for use in Aggressive Environments

Boron nitride coatings and structures have demonstrated significant resistance to many corrosive environments. These coatings may have application in the protection of sensors needed for measuring a variety of properties such as temperature and chemistry. In addition, boron nitride materials may offer advantages as structural materials in high temperature materials processing. In this study, BN is assessed for use in aluminum smelting.
Cholesterol Binding Drives Partitioning of the Amyloid Precursor C99 Protein Into Liquid Ordered Membrane Domains

The association of the 99 residue transmembrane C-terminal domain (C99) of the amyloid precursor protein with cholesterol-rich membrane domains (“lipid rafts”) is thought to promote cleavage of C99 to release the Alzheimer's disease-promoting amyloid-β (Aβ) polypeptide. Here, we test the hypothesis that C99 has an intrinsic affinity for raft-like liquid ordered (Lo) domains and that its domain preference is regulated by cholesterol binding. Fluorescence microscopy shows that C99 undergoes efficient partitioning into Lo domains relative to the co-existing liquid disordered (Ld) phase in giant unilamellar vesicles, establishing C99 as the transmembrane protein with the highest affinity for Lo domains known to date. Lo partitioning is prevented upon mutating residues that are critical for cholesterol binding to C99, indicating that binding of this sterol is a critical determinant of the phase preference of the protein. Addition of coprostanol, a raft-breaking sterol that can compete with cholesterol for binding to C99, shifts partitioning away from the Lo phase. These findings identify cholesterol binding as a novel mechanism that controls the raft targeting of C99 and suggest that pharmacological inhibition of this process could potentially be exploited as a therapeutic approach to avoid or treat Alzheimer's disease.