cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometric analysis of meso-tetrakis(Heptafluoropropyl)porphyrin

The results of an electrospray ionization (ESI(+) and ESI(−)) collision-induced fragmentation investigation of meso-tetrakis(heptafluoropropyl)porphyrin (TFHP) are reported. The fragmentation patterns of TFHP show, in both ionization modes, the formation of fragments with direct covalent meso-alkyl-to-β-linkages on elimination of HF. In addition, in the ESI(+) mode, the losses of perfluoroalkyl radicals are observed. A detailed analysis of the fragmentation patterns allows conclusions to be drawn on the identification of the fragment species. Comparable cyclized products were previously produced using radical-initiated solution-phase syntheses. The results presented will help to analyze meso-perfluoroalkyl-derivatized porphyrinic macrocycles that are becoming increasingly popular
Human osteoblast-like cells (MG63) proliferate on a bioactive glass surface

Bioglass, a resorbable glass, previously has been evaluated as a bone graft substitute using cells of animal origin. Limited information is available on its effect on human cells. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that Bioglass supports viability and proliferation of human bone cells. As a prototype of human bone cells, the osteoblast cell line MG63 was used and propagated on Bioglass disks. MG63 cells also were seeded onto disks made of titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) and of cobalt chrome (Co-Cr-Mo) alloys. The number of viable cells recovered was similar for Bioglass, titanium, and polystyrene control surfaces. Significantly fewer cells were recovered from CoCr (P < 0.05) compared to Bioglass, Ti-6 Al-4v, and polystyrene surfaces. The proportion of cells undergoing DNA synthesis, estimated by thymidine uptake, was significantly greater on Bioglass and titanium surfaces (P < 0.05) than on the CoCr surface. There were detectable differences in cell morphology on these biomaterials. Functional capacity was tested by assay of osteocalcin production and no differences were detectable among the different biomaterials. This study supports the hypothesis that 45S5 Bioglass provides a favorable environment for human osteoblast proliferation and function. Bioglass may have clinical potential as a bone graft substitute, a bioactive grout, or an implant coating for promoting bony ingrowth in uncemented prostheses.
Crystal Structure of the Human NKX2.5 Homeodomain in Complex with DNA Target

NKX2.5 is a homeodomain containing transcription factor regulating cardiac formation and function, and its mutations are linked to congenital heart disease. Here we provide the first report of the crystal structure of the NKX2.5 homeodomain in complex with double-stranded DNA of its endogenous target, locating within the proximal promoter -242 site of the atrial natriuretic factor gene. The crystal structure, determined at 1.8 A resolution, demonstrates that NKX2.5 homeodomains occupy both DNA binding sites separated by five nucleotides without physical interaction between themselves. The two homeodomains show identical conformation despite the differences in the DNA sequences they bind, and no significant bending of the DNA was observed. Tyr54, absolutely conserved in NK2 family proteins, mediates sequence-specific interaction with the TAAG motif. This high resolution crystal structure of NKX2.5 protein provides a detailed picture of protein and DNA interactions, which allows us to predict DNA binding of mutants identified in human patients.
Barley β-glucan is effective as a hypocholesterolaemic ingredient in foods

Barley contains high levels of soluble dietary fibre, including mixed linked 1→3, 1→4β-D-glucans (β-glucan). An extract of β-glucan from waxy, hulless barley containing 56% total dietary fibre (TDF) was incorporated into flour tortillas, cornstarch pudding and apple granola bars to provide 2 g soluble fibre as β-glucan per serving. The foods were tested for objective functional properties. Flour tortillas with β-glucan were incorporated into rat diets and compared to diets containing an equivalent amount of cellulose, to test the fibre effect on growth and lipid metabolism parameters. Rats fed β-glucan tortillas had lower feed consumption and body weight (P 0·05). Plasma LDL-cholesterol of rats fed β-glucan was lower (P 0·05). Rats fed β-glucan tortillas had higher (P<0·05) faecal fat excretion, suggesting impairment of intestinal fat absorption. Liver composition data showed lower (P<0·05) levels of total lipid and cholesterol in β-glucan-fed rats. The results suggest that the barley β-glucan concentrate has potential as a food ingredient to provide supplemental soluble fibre which may be beneficial in reducing plasma LDL-cholesterol in humans. © 1998 SCI.
Electrocardiographic manifestations and clinical significance of atrioventricular nodal alternating Wenckebach periods

Atrioventricular nodal alternating Wenckebach periods were defined as episodes of 2:1 atrioventricular block in which there was a gradual increase in transmission intervals of conducted beats ending in two or three consecutively blocked atrial impulses. This is one of the mechanisms whereby 2:1 atrioventricular block progresses into 3:1 or 4:1 atrioventricular block. Alternating Wenckebach periods appear during rapid atrial pac,ng (even in the absence of depressed atrioventricular nodal function), provided that the atria can be captured at a rate fast enough to allow for the occurrence of this phenomenon. Treatment of atrial flutter with digoxin and quinidine produces alternating Wenckebach's periods, with associated electrocardiographic changes specific for the type of drug given. In patients with "atrial tachycardia with atrioventricular block" due to digitalis intoxication or with primary disease of the conducting system or with acute myocardial infarction, there are coexisting severe arrhythmias and clinical symptoms requiring almost immediate pharmacologic or electrical therapy. We conclude that atrioventricular nodal alternating Wenckebach's periods are common and frequentyly transient and that they occur in a variety of clinical conditions, most of which are benign; however, contrary to what is commonly accepted, some episodes appear in clinical settings requiring prompt pharmacologic or electrical treatment.
Quantum-Critical Conductivity Scaling for a Metal-Insulator Transition

Temperature (T)- and frequency (omega)-dependent conductivity measurements are reported here in amorphous niobium-silicon alloys with compositions (x) near the zero-temperature metal-insulator transition. There is a one-to-one correspondence between the frequency- and temperature-dependent conductivity on both sides of the critical concentration, thus establishing the quantum-critical nature of the transition. The analysis of the conductivity leads to a universal scaling function and establishes the critical exponents. This scaling can be described by an x-, T-, and omega-dependent characteristic length, the form of which is derived by experiment.
Novel origin of lpr and gld cells and possible implications in autoimmunity

Abstract The lpr and gld mutations are prime examples of single-gene defects associated with expansion of a unique double-negative (CD4−8−), T-cell receptor α:β+ cell population and heightened polyclonal and autoimmune responses. The exact origin of these autoimmunity-inducing/enhancing T cells remains controversial. Here, we review the characteristics of the lpr and gld mutations, and speculate on the possible relationship of these cells to normal thymic differentiation pathways. We argue that mounting evidence now supports the existence of a CD4 CD8 -loss pathway of late thymic differentiation, responsible for the origin of both normal and lpr gld double-negative α:β+ cells. We further speculate that downregulation of CD4 and CD8 accessory molecules on thymocytes with moderately autoreactive T-cell receptors is involved in selecting cells, including lpr gld precursors for this pathway. Escape of a large number of such autoreactive cells from thymic elimination might be an important contributory factor to the pathogenesis of autoimmunity.
Clinicians’ Attitudes Toward Therapeutic Alliance in E-Therapy

Although therapeutic alliance is a crucial factor in face-to-face therapies, no data exist on clinicians' attitudes towards alliance in E-therapy. The study explored clinicians' perceived importance of alliance in E-therapy, clinicians' confidence in their skills to develop alliance in E-therapy, and whether attitudes towards alliance in E-therapy are associated with intended E-therapy practice. Clinicians (n = 106) responded to an online survey. The majority of clinicians considered alliance to be extremely important in both face-to-face therapy and E-therapy. However, clinicians' ratings of the importance of alliance in face-to-face therapies were significantly higher than their ratings of the importance of alliance in E-therapy. Clinicians reported less confidence in their skills to develop alliance in E-therapy than in face-to-face therapy. Intended E-therapy practice correlated with confidence in one's ability to develop alliance in E-therapy and with previous E-therapy practice.
Characterization of structural and magnetic order of Er/Y superlattices

Abstract Coherent, crystalline superlattices of erbium and yttrium have been prepared by molecular beam epitaxy techniques. Magnetometer measurements indicate that the transition temperatures for the superlattices are significantly lower than those for pure erbium. The ferromagnetic phase observed in erbium is completely suppressed. Neutron diffraction studies show that the periodic magnetic order of Er propagates through the Y layers, but has a temperature independent magnetic wavelength. These results suggest that the erbium magneto-elastic energy has been altered in the superlattice samples.
Identification of Environmental Supports for Healthy Eating in Older Adults

Many environmental settings and influences can affect food choices and eating behaviors in the growing population of community-dwelling older adults. Using the Social Ecological model, an expert panel participated in online discussions and an Analytic Hierarchy Process survey to identify the most important and changeable environmental settings and enabling factors that promote healthy eating in older adults. Food stores were rated most important when considering accessibility and affordability. Congregate nutrition sites were important for social support along with supporting access and affordability of healthful foods and living accommodations. Senior housing, health care, and religious settings also contributed to the goal of promoting healthful eating in aging adults. Restaurants were rated of lower importance. Based on these results, it is recommended that community food policies include the nutritional needs of older adults by addressing food accessibility and affordability, social support, and living accommodations, with a focus on congregate nutrition sites, food stores, senior housing, health care, and religious organizations.
Sexual experience, sex guilt, and sexual moral reasoning

Two studies are described in which the relations between sexual experience, sex guilt, and sexual moral reasoning were examined. Subjects were asked to articulate their opinions on each of six sexual activities, and then choose one of six statements (corresponding to Kohlberg's six stages of reasoning) that most clearly reflected why they had, or had not, engaged in three of those activities. An analysis of the moral reasoning present in each of the six articulated responses indicated that level of reasoning was inversely related to sex guilt. Analysis of the preference data indicated that subjects endorsed reasoning (statements) at a higher stage than they had articulated, and that this “gap” between articulation and preference was much greater for less experienced subjects. Results are discussed in terms of the utility of using situation-specific moral dilemmas when assessing moral reasoning, and in terms of the possible role that lack of sexual experience plays in inhibiting sexual moral development.
Cis- and trans-acting transcriptional regulation of visna virus

Visna virus is a pathogenic lentivirus of sheep that is related to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III), the probable etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The transcriptional activity of visna virus promoter and enhancer sequences was studied by means of an assay based on the transient expression of the bacterial gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). The results suggest that the high level of expression of visna virus is due in part to cis-acting enhancer sequences that give the viral promoter a high level of transcriptional activity. In addition, the rate of transcription from the visna virus promoter situated in a plasmid expressing the CAT gene was much greater in infected than uninfected cells. This phenomenon of trans-acting transcriptional activation may involve either virally or cellularly encoded factors.
Portfolio selection under incomplete information

We study an optimal investment problem under incomplete information and power utility. We analytically solve the Bellman equation, and identify the optimal portfolio policy. Moreover, we compare the solution to the value function in the fully observable case, and quantify the loss of utility due to incomplete information.
Studies of FSH-P induced follicular growth in cows

Because cow ovaries do not contain a dominant follicle before Day 3 of the estrous cycle, we hypothesized that gonadotropin treatment early in the estrous cycle would induce growth of multiple follicles and could be used to induce superovulation. In Experiment 1, when 16 cows were treated with FSH-P beginning on Day 2 of the estrous cycle and were slaughtered on Day 5, all cows responded to gonadotropin treatment by exhibiting a large number ( approximately 19) of estrogenactive follicles >/= 6 mm. In Experiment 2, in response to FSH-P treatment from Day 2 to Day 7, and fenprostalene treatment on Day 6, 11 of 15 cows exhibited estrus and had a mean ovulation rate of 23.7 +/- 1.5. In Experiment 3, an FSH-P treatment regimen identical to that used in Experiment 2 was administered to cows beginning either on Day 2 (Day-2 cows; n=14) or Day 10 (Day-10 cows; n=11) of the estrous cycle. Twelve of 14 Day-2 cows and all Day-10 cows exhibited estrus after fenprostalene treatment. Day-2 cows exhibited 34.3 +/- 7.0 ovulations, which was less (P < 0.05) than that exhibited by Day-10 cows (48.3 +/- 4.4). However, the proportion of embryos recovered per corpus luteum was about 2-fold greater (P < 0.05) for Day-2 cows than for Day-10 cows (0.49 +/- 0.08 vs 0.27 +/- 0.06). These data indicate that beginning gonadotropin treatment early in the estrous cycle, when a dominant follicle is not present, provides an efficacious means to induce growth of multiple follicles and superovulation in cows. However, when FSH was administered for 6 d, beginning the treatment on Day 10 also resulted in a consistent and efficacious response.
The Development Turn in Comparative Education

(2006). The Development Turn in Comparative Education. European Education: Vol. 38, Post-Cold War Studies in Education (I), pp. 19-47.
Birth Control and a New Birth of Freedom

The author analyzes Griswold v. Connecticut and other recent developments in the birth control movement and explains their significance for constitutional theory. The Griswold case raised the principle of voluntary family planning to the status of a constitutional right. It also recognized the standing of those in the helping professions to assert the rights of their patients and clients. The Court's recognition of a right of privacy and restoration of meaning to the ninth and tenth amendments may be a protection against the increasing threat of a “big brother” society. Recent administrative and judicial decisions emasculating the Comstock laws demonstrate the importance of constitutional checks and balances. The ultimate question posed by the Griswold case is whether it will be recognized that the government has an affirmative obligation to make the exercise of constitutional rights possible.
A simulation-based methodology to compare the performance of highway space inventory control and ramp metering control

The Highway Space Inventory Control System (HSICS) is a novel travel demand management concept in which all road users have to make reservations in advance to enter a highway. A modeling framework for such a system is proposed and illustrated for a hypothetical highway section. The proposed system allocates highway space temporally and spatially over time so as to optimize highway utilization by maximizing passenger miles traveled. In this paper, a methodology is developed to perform a quantitative comparison of the operational performance of HSICS and two isolated ramp metering techniques: the ALINEA algorithm and fixed pre-timed metering. The methodology involves a combination of microscopic traffic simulation and heuristic optimization. The proposed framework is generic and can be applied to compare other traffic control and demand management techniques. The proposed methodology is tested on a simulated highway section with traffic and geometric characteristics similar to a real congested site. Simulat...
Response of a d x 2 − y 2 superconductor to a Zeeman magnetic field

We study the response of a two-dimensional ${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}$ superconductor to a magnetic field that couples only to the spins of the electrons. In contrast to the $s$-wave case, the ${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}$ state is modified even at small magnetic fields, with the gap nodes widening into normal, spin polarized, pockets. We discuss the promising prospects for observing this in the cuprate superconductors in fields parallel to the Cu-O planes. We also discuss the phase diagram, inclusive of a finite momentum pairing state with a linkage between the momentum of the pairs and the nodes of the relative wave function.
Fluid Management by the Urinary Tract and Vice Versa

The urinary tract is basically tasked to provide for urine formation, the transport of that urine into a storage facility, the bladder, and the periodic expulsion of urine under volitional control (given a certain age). In normal circumstances these tasks are performed at characteristically low pressures. Renal pelvic pressures rarely exceed 15 cm. water, ureteral pressures normally rarely exceed that value and bladder pressures to maximum volumes tolerated by those structures typically rarely exceed 10 to 12 cm. water. Voiding pressures, while momentarily high, are not normally sustained and intermittent pressure elevations do not impair the continuous ureteral delivery of urine into the bladder. Moreover, most children void at pressures well below 20 cm. water, which is fairly low.
FarR Regulates the farAB-Encoded Efflux Pump of Neisseria gonorrhoeae via an MtrR Regulatory Mechanism

The farAB operon of Neisseria gonorrhoeae encodes an efflux pump which mediates gonococcal resistance to antibacterial fatty acids. It was previously observed that expression of the farAB operon was positively regulated by MtrR, which is a repressor of the mtrCDE-encoded efflux pump system (E.-H. Lee and W. M. Shafer, Mol. Microbiol. 33:839-845, 1999). This regulation was believed to be indirect since MtrR did not bind to the farAB promoter. In this study, computer analysis of the gonococcal genome sequence database, lacZ reporter fusions, and gel mobility shift assays were used to elucidate the regulatory mechanism by which expression of the farAB operon is modulated by MtrR in gonococci. We identified a regulatory protein belonging to the MarR family of transcriptional repressors and found that it negatively controls expression of farAB by directly binding to the farAB promoter. We designated this regulator FarR to signify its role in regulating the farAB operon. We found that MtrR binds to the farR promoter, thereby repressing farR expression. Hence, MtrR regulates farAB in a positive fashion by modulating farR expression. This MtrR regulatory cascade seems to play an important role in adjusting levels of the FarAB and MtrCDE efflux pumps to prevent their excess expression in gonococci.
Embryology of the oral structures

Pediatric oropharyngeal procedures are common. Approximately 500,000 tonsillectomies are performed per year in children in the United States. Pediatric development of the oral cavity involves numerous structures. Knowledge of the embryologic origins of these structures is key in understanding their form and function. We present an overview of the embryology of the oral cavity. Focus is placed on clinical correlation when treating children with malformations of these structures.
Modulation of the Voltage Sensor of L-type Ca2+ Channels by Intracellular Ca2+

Both intracellular calcium and transmembrane voltage cause inactivation, or spontaneous closure, of L-type (CaV1.2) calcium channels. Here we show that long-lasting elevations of intracellular calcium to the concentrations that are expected to be near an open channel (≥100 μM) completely and reversibly blocked calcium current through L-type channels. Although charge movements associated with the opening (ON) motion of the channel's voltage sensor were not altered by high calcium, the closing (OFF) transition was impeded. In two-pulse experiments, the blockade of calcium current and the reduction of gating charge movements available for the second pulse developed in parallel during calcium load. The effect depended steeply on voltage and occurred only after a third of the total gating charge had moved. Based on that, we conclude that the calcium binding site is located either in the channel's central cavity behind the voltage-dependent gate, or it is formed de novo during depolarization through voltage-dependent rearrangements just preceding the opening of the gate. The reduction of the OFF charge was due to the negative shift in the voltage dependence of charge movement, as previously observed for voltage-dependent inactivation. Elevation of intracellular calcium concentration from ∼0.1 to 100–300 μM sped up the conversion of the gating charge into the negatively distributed mode 10–100-fold. Since the “IQ-AA” mutant with disabled calcium/calmodulin regulation of inactivation was affected by intracellular calcium similarly to the wild-type, calcium/calmodulin binding to the “IQ” motif apparently is not involved in the observed changes of voltage-dependent gating. Although calcium influx through the wild-type open channels does not cause a detectable negative shift in the voltage dependence of their charge movement, the shift was readily observable in the Δ1733 carboxyl terminus deletion mutant, which produces fewer nonconducting channels. We propose that the opening movement of the voltage sensor exposes a novel calcium binding site that mediates inactivation.
Atrial Fibrillation and Delayed Gastric Emptying

Background Atrial fibrillation and delayed gastric emptying (DGE) are common after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Our aim was to investigate a potential relationship between atrial fibrillation and DGE, which we defined as failure to tolerate a regular diet by the 7th postoperative day. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of 249 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy at our institution between 2000 and 2009. Data was analyzed with Fisher exact test for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney U or unpaired T-test for continuous variables. Results Approximately 5% of the 249 patients included in the analysis experienced at least one episode of postoperative atrial fibrillation. Median age of patients with atrial fibrillation was 74 years, compared with 66 years in patients without atrial fibrillation (p = 0.0005). Patients with atrial fibrillation were more likely to have a history of atrial fibrillation (p = 0.03). 92% of the patients with atrial fibrillation suffered from DGE, compared to 46% of patients without atrial fibrillation (p = 0.0007). This association held true when controlling for age. Conclusion Patients with postoperative atrial fibrillation are more likely to experience delayed gastric emptying. Interventions to manage delayed gastric function might be prudent in patients at high risk for postoperative atrial fibrillation.
Public Health for an Aging Society

Public Health for an Aging Society takes a comprehensive look at promoting physical and mental health in the older population, which is especially important as the cohort of those 65 years and older is rapidly rising. Public Health for an Aging Society builds on an earlier book titled Public Health and Aging (1997), adding new topics of emergency preparedness, technology in aging, environmental influences, health disparities, social and behavioral determinants of health, and the role of social engagement in healthy aging. Using the social–ecological model, the book views how older adults as individuals fit into a larger model of family, community, societal, and environmental levels. The intent of the book is to advance the dialogue, understanding, and collaboration among public health researchers and practitioners, policy makers, and the aging services network.
Transcending Patchiness in the Comparative Analysis of Paleocommunities: A Test Case from the Upper Cretaceous of New Jersey

Estimates of species abundance used to quantitatively describe paleocommunities are more precise and more reliable when sampling effort is distributed among many small replicate samples, rather than concentrated in the collecting of one or a few large samples. This is because sampling error is introduced by the patchy distribution of individuals within a fossil deposit. This study applies a dispersed sampling protocol to compare the fossil assemblages preserved within a marine shell bed at two different localities of the Upper Cretaceous Navesink Formation in east-central New Jersey. A spatial hierarchy of small bulk samples (replicate samples collected along an outcrop, samples from different outcrops within a locality, and samples collected from two different localities) reveals the magnitude and scale of patchiness in the distribution of macrofauna in the Navesink shell bed. Species abundance is highly variable between replicate samples and moderately variable between outcrops due to small scale patchiness. Nevertheless, estimates of species abundance generated by collecting across the patches at each locality reveal that the overall species abundance distribution for the Navesink shell bed is nearly identical between the two localities. When collecting effort is dispersed among many widely distributed samples, different patches of fossil remains are sampled and contribute to the overall estimate of average composition obtained for a locality. Comparisons of fossil assemblages between localities or horizons are rendered more reliable by decreasing the probability that compositionally different patches have been sampled within otherwise identical paleocommunities. The significance of differences detected between local paleocommunities can be assessed more confidently when replicate samples provide a measure of local variability arising from patchiness. Paleontologists sampling to describe the species abundance composition of a discrete region of a stratigraphic horizon (e.g., outcrop, locality) should define the spatial scale of the region they are describing and disperse their sampling effort within that region.
Automatic correlation and calibration of noisy sensor readings using elite genetic algorithms

This paper explores an image processing application of optimization techniques which entails interpreting noisy sensor data. The application is a generalization of image correlation; we attempt to find the optimal gruence which matches two overlapping gray scale images corrupted with noise. Both tabu search and genetic algorithms are used to find the parameters which match the two images. A genetic algorithm approach using an elitist reproduction scheme is found to provide significantly superior results.
The Mouse Cd1d-Restricted Repertoire Is Dominated by a Few Autoreactive T Cell Receptor Families

To define the phenotype and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of CD1d-dependent T cells, we compared the populations of T cells that persisted in major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-deficient mice, which lack mainstream T cells, with those from MHC/CD1d doubly deficient mice, which lack both mainstream and CD1d-dependent T cells. Surprisingly, up to 80% of the CD1d-dependent T cells were stained by tetramers of CD1d/α-galactosylceramide, which specifically identify the previously described CD1d autoreactive Vα14-Jα18/Vβ8 natural killer (NK) T cells. Furthermore, zooming in on the CD1d-dependent non-Vα14 T cells, we found that, like Vα14 NK T cells, they mainly expressed recurrent, CD1d autoreactive TCR families and had a natural memory phenotype. Thus, CD1d-restricted T cells differ profoundly from MHC-peptide–specific T cells by their predominant use of autoreactive and semiinvariant, rather than naive and diverse, TCRs. They more closely resemble other lineages of innate lymphocytes such as B-1 B cells, γδ T cells, and NK cells, which express invariant or semiinvariant autoreactive receptors. Finally, we demonstrate that the MHC-restricted TCR repertoire is essentially non–cross-reactive to CD1d. Altogether, these findings imply that lipid recognition by CD1d-restricted T cells may have largely evolved as an innate rather than an adaptive arm of the mouse immune system.
The Bus Owner, the Bus Driver, and His Lover: Gendered Class Struggle in the Service Work Triangle

Sociologists of service work have firmly established that clients may become crucial allies for either workers or managers at conflict throughout the labor process. However, less attention has been given to how these colluding relations may extend beyond the limits of a service interaction. An ethnographic approach into the nature of the alliances between bus drivers and their passengers in Monterrey, Mexico, revealed a subterranean gender system that systematically structured workers’ struggle against management in ways that have not been considered by the sociology of service work. How might personal, emotional, and sexualized connections weave into class struggle? In this article, the author traces a series of strategies and counterstrategies developed by male bus owners and bus drivers in their quest for control over profit, highlighting the gendered motivations and means that sustain this gendered class struggle. The article concludes with a hypothetical overview of the contradictory ways class and g...
How Do Automation False Alarms and Misses Affect Operator Compliance and Reliance

Participants performed a tracking task along with a system and flight parameter monitoring task while aided by diagnostic automation. The goal of the study was to examine operator compliance and reliance as affected by automation failures, and to clarify claims regarding independence of these two constructs. Background data revealed a trend towards non-independence of the compliance-reliance constructs. Thirty-two undergraduate students performed a simulation that presented the visual display and collected dependent measures. False-alarm prone automation hurt overall performance more than did miss-prone automation, while also clearly affecting both operator compliance and reliance. Miss-prone automation only appeared to affect operator reliance.
A cointegration analysis of seafood import demand in Caribbean countries

Cointegration analysis and error correction model are used to estimate seafood import demand for selected Caribbean countries. The results show that seafood import is price elastic. Exchange rate has a negative effect, while Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and tourism have positive effects on seafood imports. Import and domestic production do not have a short run causal relationship. The increase in Caribbean seafood imports is primarily due to decreasing import price and increasing domestic demand. The decline of domestic fisheries production has other causes than import competition. However, imports and domestic production have a negative long run equilibrium relationship. Tariff and production expansion policies both help producers, but tariff may reduce total economic surplus, while supply expansion can increase total economic surplus.
Ammonium Inhibition of Arabidopsis Root Growth Can Be Reversed by Potassium and by Auxin Resistance Mutations aux1, axr1, and axr2

A novel effect of ammonium ions on root growth was investigated to understand how environmental signals affect organ development. Ammonium ions (3-12 mM) were found to dramatically inhibit Arabidopsis thaliana seedling root growth in the absence of potassium even if nitrate was present. This inhibition could be reversed by including in the growth medium low levels (20-100 microM) of potassium or alkali ions Rb+ and Cs+ but not alkali ions Na+ and Li+. The protective effect of low concentrations of potassium is not due to an inhibition of ammonium uptake. Ammonium inhibition is reversible, because root growth was restored in ammonium-treated seedlings if they were subsequently transferred to medium containing potassium. It is known that plant hormones can inhibit root growth. We found that mutants of Arabidopsis resistant to high levels of auxin and other hormones (aux1, axr1, and axr2) are also resistant to the ammonium inhibition and produce roots in the absence of potassium. Thus, the mechanisms that mediate the ammonium inhibition of root development are linked to hormone metabolic or signaling pathways. These findings have important implications for understanding how environmental signals, especially mineral nutrients, affect plant root development.
Unique expression of a sporophytic character on the gametophytes of notholaenid ferns (Pteridaceae)

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Not all ferns grow in moist, shaded habitats; some lineages thrive in exposed, seasonally dry environments. Notholaenids are a clade of xeric-adapted ferns commonly characterized by the presence of a waxy exudate, called farina, on the undersides of their leaves. Although some other lineages of cheilanthoid ferns also have farinose sporophytes, previous studies suggested that notholaenids are unique in also producing farina on their gametophytes. For this reason, consistent farina expression across life cycle phases has been proposed as a potential synapomorphy for the genus Notholaena. Recent phylogenetic studies have shown two species with nonfarinose sporophytes to be nested within Notholaena, with a third nonfarinose species well supported as sister to all other notholaenids. This finding raises the question: are the gametophytes of these three species farinose like those of their close relatives, or are they glabrous, consistent with their sporophytes? METHODS: We sowed spores of a diversity of cheilanthoid ferns onto culture media to observe and document whether their gametophytes produced farina. To place these species within a phylogenetic context, we extracted genomic DNA, then amplified and sequenced three plastid loci. The aligned data were analyzed using maximum likelihood to generate a phylogenetic tree. KEY RESULTS: Here we show that notholaenids lacking sporophytic farina also lack farina in the gametophytic phase, and notholaenids with sporophytic farina always display gametophytic farina (with a single exception). Outgroup taxa never displayed gametophytic farina, regardless of whether they displayed farina on their sporophytes. CONCLUSIONS: Notholaenids are unique among ferns in consistently expressing farina across both phases of the life cycle.
ISSUES, CANDIDATE IMAGE, AND PRIMING: THE USE OF PRIVATE POLLS IN KENNEDY'S 1960 PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN

Interpretations of electoral campaigns have pointed to two mutually exclusive strategies: candidates are expected to focus either on policy issues or on personal image. We argue, however, that social psychologists' notion of priming offers an empirically grounded and theoretically plausible campaign strategy for treating image and issues as interconnected strategic concerns. Based on both quantitative and historical analysis of John F. Kennedy's 1960 presidential campaign, we find that the candidate's policy positions were related to results from his private public opinion polls. Archival and interview evidence suggests that Kennedy deliberately used these popular issues to shape the electorate's standards for evaluating his personal attributes (rather than to win over utility-maximizing voters). We conclude that the study of priming offers one important approach to reintegrating research on candidate strategy and voter behavior.
Expression of Inoculum and Family Specific Responses in the Ponderosa Pine-Western Gall Rust Pathosystem

Host-pathogen interactions in the ponderosa pine-western gall rust pathosystem were studied using seedlings from eight open-pollinated mother-tree families and Peridermium harknessii aeciospores from two geographically separate sources. Pregall symptoms occurred on seedlings by 4 days after inoculation (DAI). Gall occurrence was essentially complete by 230 DAI. Of three measured pigments, light red and dark red pigments on the needles developed most rapidly. Light red pigment on the base of the needles between 21 and 66 DAI was the pregall symptom most often (i) affected by inoculum source and host family, and (ii) correlated to gall width. Pre- and postgall symptoms varied significantly (i) between inocula, and (ii) among mother-tree families. No relationship was found between field resistance ratings of the mother trees and the expression of resistance in their progeny. The inocula varied in pathogenicity, and the seedling families varied in response to infection, as shown by differences in level of incidence and site of development of pigmentation and gall size on inoculated seedlings.
The First (Special) Session of the Sixty-Seventh Congress April 11, 1921—November 23, 1921.

Beginning on March 4, 1921, the Republican party, for the first time in ten years, was in complete control of the executive and both branches of Congress. Entirely apart from the issues of party politics, its regime promised to be interesting. Campaign pledges had been made that legislation would be speedily passed relieving the country of the ill effects of what President Harding called “war's involvements;” economy and efficiency were to be secured; more business in government and less government in business were among the promises, and the reorganization of the administration, long talked of, was to be achieved. There were, moreover, two significant possibilities from the standpoint of party government. During the campaign, Mr. Harding said that “government is a simple thing,” and that, if he was elected President, Congress would be allowed to play its proper part under the Constitution.
Child care burden and the risk of child maltreatment among low-income working families

Abstract Studies suggest that a substantial proportion of low-income working mothers experience work disruptions and parental stress related to child care, which may lead to increases in the risk of physical and psychological abuse and neglect of children. However, little research has examined the relationship between child care burden and the risk of child maltreatment among low-income working families. Using the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study 3-year data, this study explores how child care burden is associated with the risk of child maltreatment (physical aggression, psychological aggression, and neglectful behavior) among low-income working mothers. We find that instability in child care arrangements is likely to increase mothers' physical and psychological aggression, while not having someone reliable for emergency child care is likely to increase mothers' neglectful behaviors. Findings also show that the risk of child maltreatment related to child care burden measures is more significant for single mothers than married mothers. Potential policy implications are discussed.
Application of the TP-M13 Automated Fluorescent-lablled System of SSR Genotyping in Sorghum

Forty-eight sorghum accessions were genotyped with 104 SSR markers using the TP-M13 automated fluorescent-labelled system. In the method, one reverse SSR primer was tailed with a M13 forward primer, which is called TP-M13, the second SSR primer was normal, and the third primer was the M13 forward primer labeled by FAM. The PCR fragments amplified by these three primers were detected using an automated fluorescent-labelled system (DNA sequencer such as ABI3700). The result indicated that the method had the advantages of high-throughput, sensitiveness, cost-effectiveness and high accuracy over some of other conventional methods. Therefore, the TP-M13 automated fluorescent detection system is suggested to be suitable for genotyping limited number of accessions by the use of a number of SSR markers.
Genetics of congenital lip defects.

Many lip defects are rare and represent a morphologic continuum. Often these defects hve demonstrated a heterogeneous etiologic pattern that is not always inheritable. An understanding of these defects and their pattern of inheritance will solve problems related to risk of recurrence.
RO-10PROSPECTIVE SLOPES OVER EIGHT YEARS IN COGNITIVE MARKERS OF PHOTON RADIOTHERAPY FOR PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS

RO-10. PROSPECTIVE SLOPES OVER EIGHT YEARS IN COGNITIVE MARKERS OF PHOTON RADIOTHERAPY FOR PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS Carol L. Armstrong1,2, Julie Petersen1,3, Michael J. Fisher1,2, Robert A. Lustig1,2, Jane E. Minturn1,2, Jean B. Belasco1,2, Sarah Amedoro1, Cathy Bolton3, Peter C. Phillips1,2, and Christine E. Hill-Kayser1,2; The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA PURPOSE: This prospective longitudinal study examined late-delayed effects (pre-treatment to 8y) of IMRT/conformal photon radiotherapy (RT) on cognition in children with brain tumors. We previously demonstrated that memory systems are affected differentially by RT, and investigated the pattern over eight years of these RT-specific cognitive markers. At the latedelayed phase, clinical information suggests a generalized decline in cognition, but no prospective studies report the late phase cognitive toxicity (.5 yr post treatment). METHODS: Participants were 28 patients with mixed primary brain tumors (18 males; age range: 4-17, M 1⁄4 9.04, SD 1⁄4 3.32; 61% had grosstotal resection)whocompletedbaseline andat leastone follow-upassessment frombaseline-8years (115 visits). Verbal-semantic memory wasassessed using a supraspan test of word memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning (RAVL, 4-forms)) for encoding, retrieval after interference, and retrieval after a delay. Complex Figure (CF, 2-forms) measured visuoperceptual memory immediately and after delay. Picture Recognition (PR) measured visual-semantic memory (accuracy, speed to recognize). Analyses used age-referenced Z scores in a mixed effects model; whole brain versus focal RT was a covariate. RESULTS: Verbal retrieval indices, but not encoding, were sensitive to the late-effects with progressive decline, and greater detriment in hippocampus-sensitive delayed retrieval. CF recall demonstrated continuous improvement to eight years. Bi-hemispherically processed PR demonstrated no decline over eight years. Dose burden significantly predicted retrieval but not encoding or recognition. CONCLUSIONS: Results evidence significant change over time, with differential changes in cognition, and no general decline. The sensitivity of retrieval infers multi-substrate injury not limited to hippocampus. Neuro-Oncology 18:iii159–iii164, 2016. doi:10.1093/neuonc/now082.10 #The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Genetic Transformation of Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.)

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), a nitrogen-fixing and multipurpose legume tree species, is planted globally. It has a very rapid rate of growth, 2–6 cm/day (Hanover et al. 1992), and often outcompetes weeds and other vegetation. Unlike many other, fast-growing tree species, which usually have lower wood density, black locust produces decay-resistant wood with a very high wood density, 690kg/m3and higher. Recently, these attributes, in concert with black locust’s tolerance of low fertility sites, drought stress, and capacity for nitrogen fixation, have drawn attention to its potential for use in environmental restoration. In addition, black locust’s relatively small genome size (2.4 pg), amenability to tissue culture, and the relative ease with which it can be manipulated through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation facilitate the use of biotechnological techniques to genetically improve this tree legume.
The Biological Foundations of Language

The coming of language occurs at about the same age in every healthy child throughout the world, strongly supporting the concept that genetically determined processes of maturation, rather than env...
Inside The Rise of HBO: A Personal History of the Company That Transformed Television By Bill Mesce, Jr. Jefferson: McFarland and Company, 2015. 282 pp. $29.95 paper.

Inside the Rise of HBO tracks the development of subscription television from the perspective of an industry veteran. The book's author, Bill Mesce, Jr., worked at HBO for 27 years, during the comp...
Consumer Technology Readiness and E-Service Quality in E-Tailing: What is the Impact on Predicting Online Purchasing?

ABSTRACTTotal online retail spending in China reached $427 billion in 2014 and is expected to surpass $1 trillion in 2018 (Chu and Wong 2015). In addition, the number of online stores in China has been rapidly increasing. The present study proposes a model based on the theoretical frameworks of technology readiness (Parasuraman et al. 2005) and e-service quality (Parasuraman and Malhotra 2005), and tested the model on consumers from China. The results indicate that consumer technology readiness positively influences the perceived efficiency, system availability, fulfillment, and privacy dimensions of e-service quality as it relates to the online retailing environment in China. Moreover, the influence of technology readiness on the intention to purchase online in the future is both direct and mediated by the dimensions of perceived e-service quality. Implications and future research suggestions are also discussed.
Recycling dictators in Latin American elections: legacies of military rule by Brett J. Kyle

In the book Recycling Dictators in Latin American Elections, Brett J. Kyle is analysing the phenomenon whereby ex-members of military regimes resurface as candidates in democratic presidential elec...
Power to the People: Documenting Police Violence in Cleveland

Archivists have long recognized the inherent historical and social mandate in preserving stories of those who endured violence at the hands of the state. Examples of this responsibility include archivists who recorded public tribunals in post-apartheid South Africa, documented stories of Japanese Americans forced into internment camps during World War II, and acquired collections of 1960s civil rights activists who experienced military intervention while fighting to end segregation. These endeavors align with the historian Howard Zinn's call for archivists to "compile a whole new world of documentary material" about the lived experiences of marginalized populations and communities. Drawing upon Zinn's charge as well as scholarly literature around community archives, social justice, and human rights, this article describes the joint effort of community organizers and professional archivists who collaborated to establish a community archive for victims of police violence in Cleveland, Ohio. The archive, A People's Archive of Police Violence in Cleveland, provides a sustainable, autonomous means for Cleveland residents to share their first-hand accounts of police violence in the region. The authors will narrate the archive's conception and development as well as advance the archive as a post-custodial model for other grassroots organizations protesting various forms of state violence.