cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The“Good War”and Baptists Who Refused to Fight It

This article explores the legacy of some of four hundred Baptists who refused combatant duty during World War II, characterized by some as the quintessential “good war.” Drawing on research concerning the motivation of several conscientious objectors, their role during the war and their postwar activity, this article complements a recent documentary film, The “Good War” and Those Who Refused to Fight It, which highlights the impact of their war resistance on conscientious objectors who subsequently fueled such social movements as the campaign to control the spread of nuclear weapons, to protect the environment, and to champion civil rights in the United States.
Use of Gabapentin for the Management of Natural or Surgical Menopausal Hot Flashes

Objective:To review the literature examining the use of gabapentin for treatment of hot flashes during natural or surgically Induced menopause.Data Sources:A literature search was conducted via PubMed, MEDLINE, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1948-November 2010) using the search terms gabapentin, hot flashes, and menopause. Literature was limited to English-language, human studies. Additional material was identified by reviewing reference citations of the articles retrieved.Study Selection and Data Extraction:Studies with data describing gabapentin for hot flash management during natural or surgically induced menopause were included. Any studies including women with a history of breast cancer were excluded. Four studies met the inclusion criteria.Data Synthesis:Gabapentin significantly decreased hot flash frequency and hot flash composite scores by 45-71% from baseline in the 4 trials included in this review. In 2 of the trials, gabapentin was comparable to hormone replacement therapy (71 % vs...
The motion of long bubbles in polygonal capillaries. Part 1. Thin films

Foam in porous media exhibits an unusually high apparent viscosity, making it useful in many industrial processes. The rheology of foam, however, is complex and not well understood. Previous pore-level models of foam are based primarily on studies of bubble flow in circular capillaries. A circular capillary, however, lacks the corners that characterize the geometry of the pores. We study the pressure–velocity relation of bubble flow in polygonal capillaries. A long bubble in a polygonal capillary acts as a leaky piston. The ‘piston’ is reluctant to move because of a large drag exerted by the capillary sidewalls. The liquid in the capillary therefore bypasses the bubble through the leaky corners at a speed an order higher than that of the bubble. Consequently, the pressure work is dissipated predominantly by the motion of the fluid and not by the motion of the bubble. This is opposite to the conclusion based on bubble flow in circular capillaries. The discovery of this new flow regime reconciles two groups of contradictory foam-flow experiments.Part 1 of this work studies the fluid films deposited on capillary walls in the limit Ca → 0 (Ca ≡ μU/σ, where μ is the fluid viscosity, U the bubble velocity, and σ the surface tension). Part 2 (Wong et al. 1995) uses the film profile at the back end to calculate the drag of the bubble. Since the bubble length is arbitrary, the film profile is determined here as a general function of the dimensionless downstream distance x. For 1 [Lt ] x [Lt ] Ca−1, the film profile is frozen with a thickness of order Ca2/3 at the centre and order Ca at the sides. For x ∼ Ca−1, surface tension rearranges the film at the centre into a parabolic shape while the film at the sides thins to order Ca4/3. For x [Gt ] Ca−1, the film is still parabolic, but the height decreases as film fluid leaks through the side constrictions. For x ∼ Ca−5/3, the height of the parabola is order Ca2/3. Finally, for x [Gt ] Ca−5/3, the height decreases as Ca1/4x−1/4.
Dressing Up: Religion and Ethnicity in Israeli National Dolls

This article considers Israel’s national image both at home and abroad through the framework of Israeli costume dolls, looking specifically at the way that gender played a role in Israel’s national image as it travelled from domestic production to international reception. Initially, predominantly female doll makers produced three main types of Israeli dolls, but over time the religious Eastern European male doll triumphed in the pantheon of national types. Produced for retail sale to non-Hebrew speaking tourists by immigrant woman, the Eastern European religious male doll came to represent Israel abroad while the market pushed representations of the Middle Eastern Jewish woman and the native sabra child to the side-lines. This article examines the shift from the multi-ethnic collection of dolls as representative of the nation’s idea of itself to the privileging of the male Eastern European doll as representative of the normative image of Israel abroad.
On the relations of LFPs & Neural Spike Trains

One of the goals of neuroscience is to identify neural networks that correlate with important behaviors, environments, or genotypes. This work proposes a strategy for identifying neural networks characterized by time- and frequency-dependent connectivity patterns, using convolutional dictionary learning that links spike-train data to local field potentials (LFPs) across multiple areas of the brain. Analytical contributions are: (i) modeling dynamic relationships between LFPs and spikes; (ii) describing the relationships between spikes and LFPs, by analyzing the ability to predict LFP data from one region based on spiking information from across the brain; and (iii) development of a clustering methodology that allows inference of similarities in neurons from multiple regions. Results are based on data sets in which spike and LFP data are recorded simultaneously from up to 16 brain regions in a mouse.
Thermodynamics of water and ethanol adsorption on four starches as model biomass separation systems.

Adsorption of water and ethanol on four starches has been studied in the temperature range of 50–90°C. The results show that adsorption of water on starch-based materials is enhanced when the amount of amylopectin is highest. Adsorption of ethanol is not significantly affected by the kind of starch used. Heats of adsorption calculated from retention data are in the range from −9.3 to −13.7 kcal/g mol for water and −5.6 to −6.76 kcal/g mol for ethanol. Calculated free energies of adsorption suggest that adsorption is most spontaneous at lower temperatures as expected.
MICRO BUSINESS AS SUSTAINABLE AND EFFICIENT ORGANIZATIONS THE CASE OF HANDCRAFTS IN SOUTHERN SAN SEBASTIAN (MEXICO)

In this paper, the organization’s sustainability is analyzed, which are committed to the exploitation’ activities of Tule Thypha spp at the Zapotlan’s Lake and its socioeconomic and environmental impact in the municipalities of Gomez Farias and Zapotlan el Grande. The initial hypothesis delimits the consideration of the scarce social capital of the organizations which limits development’s sustainability. The research method employed is the ethnography complemented with field work supported by informal interviews, documental and bibliographic research. The main conclusion is that there is not equilibrium between organization’s sustainability due to scarce social capital, environmental and economic development sustainability.
Chemically modified guide RNAs enhance CRISPR-Cas genome editing in human primary cells

CRISPR-Cas-mediated genome editing relies on guide RNAs that direct site-specific DNA cleavage facilitated by the Cas endonuclease. Here we report that chemical alterations to synthesized single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) enhance genome editing efficiency in human primary T cells and CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Co-delivering chemically modified sgRNAs with Cas9 mRNA or protein is an efficient RNA- or ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-based delivery method for the CRISPR-Cas system, without the toxicity associated with DNA delivery. This approach is a simple and effective way to streamline the development of genome editing with the potential to accelerate a wide array of biotechnological and therapeutic applications of the CRISPR-Cas technology.
Sequence Specific Recognition of Double Helical DNA. A Synthetic Approach

The design of synthetic sequence-specific DNA-binding molecules has advanced in recent years due, in part, to analytical techniques such as foot-printing and affinity cleaving which allow rapid and precise analyses of hundreds of potential DNA-binding sites to nucleotide resolution on sequencing gels (Dervan 1986). During the past 10 years our group has focused on the construction of molecules that bind in the minor and major groove of DNA with incrementally increasing sequence specificity as a first step toward defining the chemical principles for creating specificity at the 15-base pair level (Dervan 1986). Recent progress illustrates how the tools of chemical synthesis in combination with nucleic acid techniques can be used to solve this problem. This may lead to new research tools useful in molecular biology, diagnosis of disease states at the level of DNA, and novel chemotherapeutic strategies such as artificial repressors for inactivation of these genes. The purpose of this chapter is not a comprehensive survey of the literature but rather a brief report of recent progress from our group using an experimental approach to the design of sequence-specific DNA-binding molecules.
Plasticizer loading in acoustic encapsulants

Acoustically transparent elastomers are the windows through which the United States Navy views the ocean. For acoustic clarity and sensitivity, it is important that the elastomer operates well outside damping conditions as dictated by the temperatures and frequencies of interest. Damping behavior is characterized by a peak in the loss tangent. However, the temperature and frequency location of this peak can shift in response to absorbed plasticizing fluids. This material characteristic is under investigation using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) to assess its dependence on the plasticizer and polyurethane component chemistry. In this first stage of the research, a temperature range from −100 to 100 °C and samples saturated with fluid were explored by DMA to determine the limiting behavior of the samples, enabling more detailed investigation in future work. Association of absorbed plasticizers with polyurethane components by polarity was demonstrated in the results by the shifting of the appropriate hard and soft block loss tangent peak.
Modulation of bat wing venule contraction by transmural pressure changes

We tested the hypothesis that the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous venular contractions in the bat wing could be modulated by changes in transmural pressure. In one series of experiments, venous pressure in the wing was elevated by pressurizing a box containing the body of the animal while the wing was exposed to atmospheric pressure. During this time, venular diameters were continuously recorded using intravital microscopic techniques while venular pressures were measured through servo-null micropipettes. In another series of experiments, single venular segments were dissected from the wing, cannulated, and pressurized in vitro. The results from both experimental protocols were qualitatively similar; alterations in venous pressure over a narrow range (+/- 5 cmH2O from control) produced substantial changes in contraction frequency and amplitude. The product of frequency and cross-sectional area was maximal over the venous pressure range between 10 and 15 cmH2O. Venules demonstrated a rate-sensitive component in their reaction to rapid pressure changes, because contraction bursts occurred immediately after positive pressure steps and quiescent periods often occurred after negative pressure steps. We conclude that venular vasomotion in the bat wing is modulated by intraluminal pressure and involves a bidirectional, rate-sensitive mechanism. In addition, comparisons with arteriolar vasomotion studies suggest that venules are more sensitive to luminal pressure changes than arterioles.
Formalized knowledge representation for spatial conflict coordination of mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) systems in new building projects

Abstract Due to the complexity of system configurations, distributed expertise requirements and various constraints, coordination of mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) systems is considered by many construction professionals one of the most challenging tasks in the delivery process of construction projects. MEP coordination is an iterative and experience-driven process, which entails considerable time and human resources. While this process is repeated in every project, there is seldom a systematic way to capture and store the information produced in the process to formalize lessons learned and to support future decision making. This paper presents a formalized schema that can be used to capture clash features and associated solutions during MEP coordination. This representation schema provides a formalized structure for clash documentation to support management of coordination and, more importantly, to capture experiential knowledge to support future decision making. The presented schema integrates findings from previous research, observations from two field studies and a laboratory experiment. The results were validated using project data.
Structure−Activity Relationship Studies of Indole-Based Compounds as Small Molecule HIV‑1 Fusion Inhibitors Targeting Glycoprotein 41

We previously described indole-containing compounds with the potential to inhibit HIV-1 fusion by targeting the hydrophobic pocket of transmembrane glycoprotein gp41. Here we report optimization and structure–activity relationship studies on the basic scaffold, defining the role of shape, contact surface area, and molecular properties. Thirty new compounds were evaluated in binding, cell–cell fusion, and viral replication assays. Below a 1 μM threshold, correlation between binding and biological activity was diminished, indicating an amphipathic requirement for activity in cells. The most active inhibitor 6j exhibited 0.6 μM binding affinity and 0.2 μM EC50 against cell–cell fusion and live virus replication and was active against T20 resistant strains. Twenty-two compounds with the same connectivity displayed a consensus pose in docking calculations, with rank order matching the biological activity. The work provides insight into requirements for small molecule inhibition of HIV-1 fusion and demonstrates...
Management of neurologic disorders of the larynx.

Objectives:I review the literature on management of neurologic disorders of the larynx.Methods:I reviewed the literature on laryngeal physiology, clinical evaluation of laryngeal function, and the clinical presentation and treatment of neurologic disorders that frequently affect the larynx.Results:Laryngeal function is complex, as this organ is important in breathing, speech, and swallowing. Coordination of these roles is very susceptible to disruption by neurologic disorders. Diagnosis of neurologic disease is primarily based on history and physical examination; however, the diagnosis of laryngeal dysfunction is frequently overlooked, because the larynx is not easily accessible to examination by non-otolaryngologists. Evaluation of laryngeal function includes listening to the voice, systematic observation of the larynx during speech and nonspeech tasks, and, sometimes, ancillary tests. Neurologic disorders that affect laryngeal function include Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, stroke, amyotrophic l...
α-HETEROSUBSTITUTED PHOSPHONATE CARBANIONS. XVIII.1 A NOVEL ENTRY TO INDOLES

Abstract A convenient and novel ring closure method to substituted 2-arylindoles via diphenyl 1-(carbobenzyloxyamino)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)methanephosphonate carbanion is described.
Chronic Administration of Iron Dextran into the Peritoneal Cavity of Rats

ObjectiveTo determine the influence of chronic iron dextran administrations into the peritoneal cavity of rats on function and anatomy of the peritoneal membrane, as well as on erythropoiesis and s...
Protocol for Arabidopsis Transformation

An efficient genetic transformation system for Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype C24 or landsberg erecta was established by cocultivation of root explants derived from suspension culture with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The detailed procedure and key technical points in each step were described.
Health Literacy Survey of Elderly Community Residents in Jinniu District,2010

Objective To understand the proficiency of health related knowledge,service,healthy life-style and healthy skills among elderly community residents in Jinniu district.Method Questionnaire survey was adopted to investigate the health related knowledge among the elderly community residents in Jinniu district.Results The average correctness rate of the questions on healthy concepts and basic knowledge was 57.19%;the average correctness rate of the question on healthy life style and behaviors was 58.88%;and the average correctness rate of the questions on healthy skills was 54.67%.Conclusion The health literacy of elderly community residents in Jinniu district is at a low level,so that the health premotion should be enhanced.
The relationship between seizures, interictal spikes and antiepileptic drugs

Abstract Objective A considerable decrease in spike rate accompanies antiepileptic drug (AED) taper during intracranial EEG (icEEG) monitoring. Since spike rate during icEEG monitoring can be influenced by surgery to place intracranial electrodes, we studied spike rate during long-term scalp EEG monitoring to further test this observation. Methods We analyzed spike rate, seizure occurrence and AED taper in 130 consecutive patients over an average of 8.9days (range 5–17days). Results We observed a significant relationship between time to the first seizure, spike rate, AED taper and seizure occurrence (F (3,126)=19.77, p p Conclusions There is an interplay between seizures, spikes and AEDs such that spike rate decreases with AED taper and increases after seizure occurrence. Significance The direct relationship between spike rate and AEDs and between spike rate and time to the first seizure suggests that spikes are a marker of inhibition rather than excitation.
NIDCR grantees' participation in the ADEA commission on change and innovation.

Dear Dr. Alvares: Kenneth Kalkwarf et al.’s article entitled “ADEA Commission on Change and Innovation in Dental Education” in the October 2005 Journal of Dental Education and Dr. Richard Valachovic’s recent follow-up piece of the same name in his October 2006 ADEA newsletter deserve
OECD Export Credit Agencies: Supplementing Short-Term Export Credit Insurance during the 2008 Financial Crisis

The 2008 financial crisis impacted international trade in part due to decreases in trade finance and export credit insurance. This article shows that Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) member states used their public Export Credit Agencies (ECAs) to supplement the lack of private short-term export credit insurance as a means to increase trade. All OECD states, except Greece and Estonia, either increased the capacity of their ECAs to provide short-term export credit insurance, or they developed new products for this purpose. More generally, states that changed their short-term export credit insurance programs had major trading partners with defaults.
The Mechanical Energy Budget of a Regional Ocean Model

AbstractA method is presented for calculating a complete, numerically closed, mechanical energy budget in a realistic simulation of circulation in a coastal–estuarine domain. The budget is formulated in terms of the “local” available potential energy (APE; Holliday and McIntyre 1981). The APE may be split up into two parts based on whether a water parcel has been displaced up or down relative to its rest depth. This decomposition clearly shows the different APE signatures of coastal upwelling (particles displaced up by wind) and the estuary (particles displaced down by mixing). Because the definition of APE is local in almost the same sense that kinetic energy is, this study may form meaningful integrals of reservoir and budget terms even over regions that have open boundaries. However, the choice of volume to use for calculation of the rest state is not unique and may influence the results. Complete volume-integrated energy budgets over shelf and estuary volumes in a realistic model of the northeast Paci...
Performance characteristics and clinical utility of diagnostic criteria proposals in bereaved treatment-seeking patients.

Background Persistent complex bereavement disorder (PCBD) is a protracted form of grief included in DSM Section 3 indicating a need for more research. Two other criteria sets [prolonged grief disorder (PGD) and complicated grief (CG) disorder] are also currently in use by researchers. This study evaluates rates of diagnosis of each proposed criteria set in a clinical sample of bereaved individuals participating in clinical research. Method Two groups in which persistent grief was judged to be present or absent completed an assessment instrument that included items needed to diagnose PCBD as well as PGD and CG. One group included grief treatment-seeking participants in our multicenter National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-sponsored study who scored ⩾30 on the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG) and the other comprised bereaved adults enrolled in clinical research studies who scored <20 on the ICG. Rates of diagnosis were determined for proposed PCBD, PGD and CG criteria. Results PCBD criteria diagnosed 70 [95% confidence interval (CI) 64.2–75.8] % of the grief treatment-seeking group, PGD criteria identified 59.6 (95% CI 53.4–65.8) % of these individuals and CG criteria identified 99.6 (95% CI 98.8–100.0) %. None of the three proposed criteria identified any cases in the bereaved comparison group. Conclusions Both proposed DSM-5 criteria for PCBD and criteria for PGD appear to be too restrictive as they failed to identify substantial numbers of treatment-seeking individuals with clinically significant levels of grief-related distress and impairment. Use of CG criteria or a similar algorithm appears to be warranted.
An exploratory study of managerial compensation in the restaurant industry

ABSTRACTSet within the human capital framework, the focus of this exploratory study is to investigate how individual and industry attributes affect the earnings of salaried restaurant managers in the United States. Previous compensation studies in the restaurant industry have almost exclusively focused on executive compensation and its relationship to a firm's financial variables. Given the size of the industry, it is important to investigate compensation practices at various levels of its leadership. The findings show that relevant work experience, gender, education, race, and property size are significant attributes effecting restaurant managers’ compensation. Practical implications are provided.
Post-industrial fog: Reconsidering innovation in visions of journalism’s future:

As US news organizations have faced twin crises in funding and authority in recent years, innovation has become a key concept and ideal driving many interventions aimed at saving journalism. Often, ahistorically and uncritically deployed notions of innovation elide questions of digital journalism’s democratic aspirations in favor of market-oriented solutions. To critically examine the discourse around innovation, this article interrogates documents produced by think tanks and non-profit institutes researching the future of journalism: the Knight Foundation, the Tow Center for Digital Journalism at Columbia University, Harvard’s Nieman Foundation, and the Shorenstein Center at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, among others. A post-industrial vision for journalism emerges with an overriding and celebratory focus on innovation. We argue that this discourse marginalizes normative concerns about journalism’s democratic purpose and rests on an entrepreneurial logic that seeks to dictate digital journalism...
Validation of GEMCaP as a DNA based biomarker to predict disease recurrence in patients undergoing prostatectomy for prostate cancer.

58Background: There are currently no validated DNA based biomarkers available for routine clinical use to predict prostate cancer recurrence after prostatectomy. The Genomic Evaluators of Metastatic Cancer of the Prostate (GEMCaP) assay is a tumor genotype using copy number for a set of genomic loci. We aim to validate the GEMCaP assay using an external cohort of intermediate and high risk patients. Methods: We randomly identified 203 patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy at the Cleveland Clinic (CC) and University of Rochester (UR) from 2000-2005. DNA from macrodissected cancer tissues were subjected to high resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) using Agilent’s oligonucleotide microarray platform. A high GEMCaP score was defined as > 20% of the genomic loci exhibiting copy number gain or loss in a given tumor. Cox regression was used to evaluate associations between the GEMCaP score and risk of biochemical recurrence in univariate and multivariate analyses adjusted for the ...
Isolation Rate and Clinical Significance of Uropathogens in Positive Urine Cultures of Hemodialysis Patients.

Background: Hemodialysis (HD) patients are known to be vulnerable to infections. However, there are limited data on the urine microbiology spectrum among patients with end-stage renal disease and on the development of antimicrobial resistance of uropathogens in these patients. Materials and Methods: A single-center, retrospective study was conducted to assess the spectrum and antimicrobial resistance profile of microorganisms isolated in urine cultures of HD patients who were hospitalized between September 2008 and August 2015 with an admitting diagnosis of fever, sepsis, or urinary tract infection. Characteristics of patients were recorded, and associations between the aforementioned parameters were assessed with Fisher's exact test. Results: We included 75 HD patients (33 males, mean age 73.6 ± 16.6 years) with positive urine cultures. Despite urine culture positivity, the urinary tract was the confirmed source of infection in only 31 (41.3%) patients. Among the different pathogens, Escherichia coli was the predominant microorganism. Identification of E. coli as the involved uropathogen was associated neither with a growth of ≥105 CFU/ml, presence of fever, sepsis, urinary catheter use nor with higher antimicrobial resistance. E. coli growth, however, was significantly associated with polycystic kidney disease (P = 0.027). Extended antimicrobial resistance was noted in 29 (38.7%) patients but was associated neither with higher incidence of fever or sepsis nor with urinary catheter use. Conclusions: In our series of HD patients with positive urine cultures, the isolation rates of different uropathogens do not seem to differ from the most commonly encountered ones in nondialysis patients although resistance to antimicrobials may be more frequently observed.
γ-Secretase Modulators as Aβ42-Lowering Pharmacological Agents to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease

γ-Secretase is an intramembrane aspartyl protease comprised of four essential subunits including presenilin, nicastrin (NCT), anterior pharynx defective 1 (Aph-1), and presenilin enhancer 2 (Pen-2). The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is cleaved sequentially by β-secretase and γ-secretase to generate Aβ peptides including neurotoxic Aβ42 monomers and oligomers that are believed to be key pathological species in AD. Familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD) mutations in presenilin and APP increase the relative proportion of Aβ42. γ-Secretase modulators (GSMs) have been discovered that bind to presenilin and selectively modulate γ-secretase proteolytic activity. Importantly, GSMs have the opposite effect on the Aβ cleavage profile as compared to FAD mutations, namely they decrease the relative proportion of Aβ42. This review will discuss the initial discovery of GSMs and the recent progress leading to the development of GSMs with improved drug-likeness. These efforts have culminated in GSMs that are currently undergoing proof-of-mechanism studies in the clinic, which is a significant step forward toward testing the amyloid hypothesis.
Dividend-Yield Strategies: A New Breed of Dogs

Dividend-yield strategies generate investor interest because they have historically offered better risk-adjusted performance. We test the performance the Dogs of the Dow (DoD) strategy, one of the most prevalent dividend-yield strategies, using Fortune’s Most Admired Companies (MAC) by comparing the performance of a top 10% dividend-yield MAC portfolio (MAC Dogs) to the returns on the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DOW), the standard DoD strategy, and two benchmarks (the overall MAC portfolio and the S&P 500 Index). We find that the MAC Dogs provide significantly higher raw returns than both the DOW and the standard DoD strategy. Moreover, the MAC Dogs provide significantly higher raw and risk-adjusted returns against our benchmarks. Our results remain robust when using either alternative dividend-yield cutoff points or alternative event windows surrounding the issue dates for Fortune . Finally, we show that the average monthly returns are higher for the MAC Dogs than for either benchmark regardless of positioning in an economic cycle. Our results contribute to the existing DoD literature by expanding the strategy beyond application to traditional indexes. Specifically, we use a unique and replicable grouping of stocks based on MAC and offer support for a link between financial and social performance.
Delta Rhythm Orchestrates the Neural Activity Underlying the Resting State BOLD Signal via Phase-amplitude Coupling

Spontaneous ongoing neuronal activity is a prominent feature of the mammalian brain. Temporal and spatial patterns of such ongoing activity have been exploited to examine large-scale brain network organization and function. However, the neurophysiological basis of this spontaneous brain activity as detected by resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) remains poorly understood. To this end, multi-site local field potentials (LFP) and blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI were simultaneously recorded in the rat striatum along with local pharmacological manipulation of striatal activity. Results demonstrate that delta (δ) band LFP power negatively, while beta (β) and gamma (γ) band LFPs positively correlated with BOLD fluctuation. Furthermore, there was strong cross-frequency phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), with the phase of δ LFPs significantly modulating the amplitude of the high frequency signal. Enhancing dopaminergic neuronal activity significantly reduced ventral striatal functional connectivity, δ LFP-BOLD correlation, and the PAC effect. These data suggest that different frequency bands of the LFP contribute distinctively to BOLD spontaneous fluctuation and that PAC is the organizing mechanism through which low frequency LFPs orchestrate neural activity that underlies resting state functional connectivity.
Training Community Health Workers in Motivational Interviewing to Promote Cancer Screening

Health disparities researchers attempting to engage and effectively deliver interventions to underserved populations often encounter a number of challenges ranging from geographical considerations to more complex issues of medical mistrust. While there are a number of strategies researchers may employ to address these challenges, one of the most successful of these has been the use of community health workers (CHWs). Despite the documented success of CHWs, little information exists on the use of theory-driven intervention strategies with these community partners. Researchers who have partnered with CHWs tend to provide brief descriptions of training strategies and provide little discussion of the challenges and barriers to training a lay population in the delivery of technical interventions, including ensuring fidelity to the intervention protocol. The purpose of this article is to describe the feasibility of training CHWs to deliver a motivational interviewing intervention to promote cancer screening in underserved populations. With this article we present an innovative way to use motivational interviewing delivered by CHWs. Specifically, we will detail the development of the training protocol, the implementation of that training in a variety of research settings, and the development and implementation of fidelity protocols. We will use examples from two research studies where CHWs were successfully trained to use MI to promote cancer screening in underserved communities to highlight the challenges and barriers faced in developing and implementing the training and strategies used to overcome these challenges during the refinement of the intervention.
Visual Pathway Injuries in Pediatric Ocular Trauma—A Survey of the National Trauma Data Bank From 2008 to 2014

Abstract Background Traumatic visual pathway injuries are often associated with severe head trauma and can have profound deleterious effects in developing children and their rehabilitation. We sought to elucidate the epidemiology of pediatric visual pathway injuries in the United States. Materials and Methods This study is a retrospective evaluation of pediatric patients (less than 21 years of age) with visual pathway injuries that were submitted to the National Trauma Data Bank between 2008 to 2014. Patients were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision Clinical Modification codes. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software. Variables were correlated using Student t test, chi-squared test, and logistic regression analyses. Results Of the 58,765 pediatric patients (1.7%) who were admitted with ocular injuries, 970 had visual pathway injuries. The majority of these patients were male (69.2%), and the mean age was 11.6 years (±7.2). Traumatic optic neuropathy was the most common (86.1%) visual pathway injury. It had the greatest odds of occurring with oculomotor nerve injury (odds ratio = 3.84; P Conclusions Visual pathway injuries may have devastatating sequelae and should be considered in pediatric ocular injuries. The clear majority were traumatic optic neuropathies. The common mechanisms, motor vehicle occupant and firearms, revealed age and race disparities.
Towards Identification of Patient Responses to Anesthesia Infusion in Real Time

This paper is concerned with identification for patient responses to anesthesia infusion in real time. The model parameters are first classified by expert assessment. The initial model is then improved during the surgery by using real-time data via a two-step recursive stochastic approximation and projected least-squares estimation algorithm.
Versuchsplanung: Variablen und Versuchspersonengruppen

Werden heutzutage in Kinderbuchern kontroverse Themen, wie z. B. Vorurteile, geistige Retardierung oder Familienzerruttung haufiger behandelt, als das fruher der Fall war?
Incentives for Compliance with Competition Laws

This discussion paper was presented at the Sixth Antitrust Marathon in Budapest, Hungary, October 13, 2017.
Overcoming acquired resistance of gefitinib in lung cancer cells without T790M by AZD9291 or Twist1 knockdown in vitro and in vivo.

The T790M mutation is recognized as a typical mechanism of acquired resistance to first generation of epithermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) such as gefitinib in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who are commonly treated by third generation of EGFR-TKI AZD9291 (osimertinib). However, the therapeutic strategy for overcoming acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC patients without T790M remains to be definitively determined. In the present study, gefitinib-resistant H1650 (H1650GR) or AZD9291-resistant H1975 (H1975AR) was generated by exposing NSCLC cell line H1650 or H1975 to progressively increased concentrations of gefitinib or AZD9291 over 11 months. The cytotoxic effects of gefitinib or AZD9291 in vitro were evaluated via the half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) determined by the MTT assay. IC50 of gefitinib in H1650GR (50.0 ± 3.0 µM) significantly increased compared with H1650 (31.0 ± 1.0 µM) (p < 0.05). Similarly, the IC50 of AZD9291 in H1975AR (10.3 ± 0.9 µM) significantly increased compared with H1975 (5.5 ± 0.6 µM) (p < 0.05). However, IC50 of AZD9291 on H1650GR (8.5 ± 0.5 µM) did not increase compared with H1650 (9.7 ± 0.7 µM). On the other hand, IC50 of AZD9291 on gefitinib-resistant A549 (A549GR established in our previous study) (12.7 ± 0.8 µM) was significantly increased compared with A549 (7.0 ± 1.0 µM) (p < 0.05). AZD9291 induced caspase 3/7 activation in A549, H1650, and H1650GR, but not in A549GR. Western blot analyses showed that p-Akt played a key role in determining the sensitivities of A549, A549GR, H1650, and H1650GR to gefitinib or AZD9291. Additionally, increased expression of Twist1 was observed in all cells with acquired EGFR-TKI resistance and knockdown of Twist1 by shRNA was found to significantly enhance the sensitivity of A549GR to gefitinib or AZD9291 via reversing epithelial–mesenchymal transition and downregulating p-Akt, but not of H1975AR to AZD9291. The enhanced cytotoxic effect of AZD9291 on A549GR by Twist1 knockdown in vitro was further validated by in vivo studies which showed that Twist1 knockdown could lead to significantly delayed tumor growth of A549GR xenograft with increased sensitivity to AZD9291 treatment in nude mice without any observed side toxic effects. In summary, our study demonstrated that the mechanisms of acquired resistance in different NSCLC cell lines treated by even the same EGFR-TKI might be quite different, which provide a rationale for adopting different therapeutic strategies for those NSCLC patients with acquired EGFR-TKI resistance based on different status of heterogeneous mutations.
Rising powers, status competition, and global governance: a closer look at three contested concepts for analyzing status dynamics in international politics

This article focuses on the intersection of rising powers, competition for status, and the extent to which governance is influenced by such elements. Despite extensive scholarly attention to these ...
DNA Base-Specific Modulation of Microampere Transverse Edge Currents through a Metallic Graphene Nanoribbon with a Nanopore

We study two-terminal devices for DNA sequencing that consist of a metallic graphene nanoribbon with zigzag edges (ZGNR) and a nanopore in its interior through which the DNA molecule is translocated. Using the nonequilibrium Green functions combined with density functional theory, we demonstrate that each of the four DNA nucleobases inserted into the nanopore, whose edge carbon atoms are passivated by either hydrogen or nitrogen, will lead to a unique change in the device conductance. Unlike other recent biosensors based on transverse electronic transport through translocated DNA, which utilize small (of the order of pA) tunneling current across a nanogap or a nanopore yielding a poor signal-to-noise ratio, our device concept relies on the fact that in ZGNRs local current density is peaked around the edges so that drilling a nanopore away from the edges will not diminish the conductance. Inserting a nucleobase into the nanopore affects the charge density in the surrounding area, thereby modulating edge conduction currents whose magnitude is of the order of microampere at bias voltage 0.1 V. The proposed biosensors are not limited to ZGNRs and they could be realized with other nanowires supporting transverse edge currents, such as chiral GNRs or wires made of two-dimensional topological insulators.
Beware of Boxes.

There have been 2 major approaches to improving the quality of care for infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) over the last several years. The first takes the accepted model of care and improves it by creating more efficient processes and standardizing care.1,2 The second model, and the one we followed at Yale New Haven Children’s Hospital (YNHCH), makes more radical changes, implementing a new and different approach.3 As Shigeo Shingo, a godfathers of the Toyota Production System wrote, “Improvement usually means doing something we have never done before.”4 I am often asked how I was able to get people to accept such radical change, but the real challenge was opening myself up to these changes. Before we began our attempt to improve the care of infants with NAS at YNHCH, we had been following the standard of care. We managed infants in our NICU exposed to opioids using the modified Finnegan Tool to guide treatment. Nonpharmacologic interventions were the first-line treatment but were difficult to deliver in our barracks-style NICU. Parents could not room in, and we relied heavily on pharmacologic treatment. Over the course of 5 years at YNHCH, our team redesigned how we managed infants with NAS. We looked at why we were doing all the things we were doing and realized that there was little if any data to support it and, frankly, it did not make a whole lot of sense. The real reason for doing what we did today was simply because that was what we did …
Who Initiates the Help Older Parents Give to Midlife Children

Objectives Older parents continue to help children after these children have been adults for decades. We utilize a typology approach to assess who initiates the help. We ask whether profiles of help initiation are associated with how often older parents help and how they evaluate their helping behaviors. Methods Older parents (N = 241; Mage = 80.12) indicated the extent to which they volunteered to help children and helped per child's request. Parents reported their resources and obligation to help, child problems, frequency, and evaluation (rewards/stresses) of helping. Results Latent profile analysis reveals four profiles representing parents who are initiators (n = 65), responders (n = 56), initiators/responders (n = 50), and uninvolved (n = 69). Resources, needs, and individual beliefs differentiate profiles. Parents offer the same amount of help regardless of who initiates such help. Parents who are initiators/responders view helping as more rewarding than parents who are initiators and more stressful than uninvolved parents. Discussion This study reveals variation in the initiation of older parents' help and refines our understanding of family help in late life. Findings may suggest a parental expectation for children to be competent in adulthood regardless of their resources and willingness to help.
Genetic Variation In MYH9 Is Associated with Sickle Cell Disease Nephropathy

Abstract Abstract 1648 Background: Renal failure occurs in 5–18% of sickle cell disease (SCD) patients and is a major risk factor for early mortality. However, there is no established method of identifying SCD patients that are at high risk of developing this outcome prior to the appearance of proteinuria, and its pathobiology is not well understood. The non-muscle myosin heavy chain ll-A (MYH9) gene, which encodes the heavy chain of myosin II-A in the podocyte cytoskeleton, has been identified as driving the high risk of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and end-stage renal disease in African Americans. Methods: We genotyped 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MYH9 gene in 521 unrelated adult (18 – 83 years) SCD patients who had been screened for proteinuria. Logistic regression was used to determine if the SNPs predicted risk for proteinuria among the patients. Results: Of 521 adult SCD patients studied, 140 had proteinuria, while 381 did not. On average, subjects with proteinuria were 6 years older than subjects without proteinuria (p Conclusion: Our data provide additional support for the role of MYH9 in renal dysfunction among African Americans. A specific haplotype appears to be associated with increased risk for proteinuria among patients with SCD. The association of MYH9 with renal dysfunction in SCD provides insight into the pathophysiology of this process and may lead to early identification of patients at risk and, ultimately, to new modes of therapeutic intervention. Disclosures: De Castro: GlycoMimetics: . Telen: GlycoMimetics: Consultancy, clinical trial sponsorship.
Manipulation of the dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) matrix by hydrothermal and high-pressure treatments: Impact on in vitro bile salt-binding ability

Abstract The capacity of high-fiber foods to sequester BS during digestion is considered a mechanism to lower serum-cholesterol. We investigated the effect of hydrothermal (HT) and high-hydrostatic-pressure (HHP) on the bile salt (BS)-binding ability of dry beans, and how this relates to changes in bean microstructure, fiber content (insoluble-IDF/soluble-SDF), and viscosity. HT and HHP-600 MPa led to significant IDF reduction, including resistant starch (RS), whereas 150–450 MPa significantly increased RS, without modifying IDF/SDF content. Microscopy analysis showed that heating disrupted the bean cell wall integrity, protein matrix and starch granules more severely than 600 MPa; however, tightly-packed complexes of globular starch granules-protein-cell wall fiber formed at HHP ≤ 450 MPa. While HT significantly reduced BS-binding efficiency despite no viscosity change, HHP-treatments maintained or enhanced BS-retention. 600 MPa-treatment induced the maximum BS-binding ability and viscosity. These results demonstrate that BS-binding by beans is not solely based on their fiber content or viscosity, but is influenced by additional microstructural factors.
A MARKOV AND RUNS ANALYSIS OF DROUGHT IN THE CENTRAL UNITED STATES

The most common measure of drought, the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), is combined with the theory of runs in a Markov chain analysis. Markov-derived transition and equilibrium probability estimates can be used to derive expected number of runs (droughts) and mean run length (drought duration). After a review of the theory of the Markov chain and runs, the techniques are applied to the PDSI from five states in the central United States. The results show very different spatial patterns given the degree of drought severity. Extreme droughts, as defined by the PDSI, occur more frequently, are more persistent and last longer in southern Nebraska and north central Kansas. By contrast, severe droughts are more frequent and persistent in southern Kansas and north-central Oklahoma. In general, climate divisions with high persistence for extreme drought tend to have low persistence for severe drought and vice versa. Overall, the central areas of Nebraska and Kansas tend to have the greatest drought hazard, ...
Fracture of femoral component in an Oxford® unicompartmental knee replacement with displaced posterior fragment: a case report

Femur component fracture is very rare with Oxford® unicompartmental knee replacement. We report a case from the UK with displacement and rotation of the broken femoral component posterior to the peg. Potential predisposing factors include polywear with metal on metal articulation. The patient had excellent results following revision arthroplasty.
Correction to: Storm Event Nitrogen Dynamics in Waterfowl Impoundments

The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error in the areas of the impoundments reported in Section 2.1 of the published article.