cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Collaborative cross-checking to enhance resilience

Resilience, the ability to adapt or absorb disturbance, disruption, and change, may be increased by team processes in a complex, socio-technical system. In particular, collaborative cross-checking is a strategy where at least two individuals or groups with different perspectives examine the others’ assumptions and/or actions to assess validity or accuracy. With this strategy, erroneous assessments or actions can be detected quickly enough to mitigate or eliminate negative consequences. In this paper, we seek to add to the understanding of the elements that are needed in effective cross-checking and the limitations of the strategy. We define collaborative cross-checking, describe in detail three healthcare incidents where collaborative cross-checks played a key role, and discuss the implications of emerging patterns.
Mobile antenna gain at 900 MHz

A program has been initiated to investigate the effect of the Urban multipath environment on mobile antennas at 900 MHz. The program involves the construction of several mobile antennas, careful measurement of these antennas on an antenna range to determine their characteristics in a controlled environment, then measurement of their characteristics in the multipath environment of cities. Measured results are compared to computed results to permit generalized conclusions to be reached. This paper presents the results of the first phase of the program; measurements made in the controlled pattern range environment.
A two-sample test

In certain investigations involving an experimental group and a control group, the effect of the experimental treatment may be expected to manifest itself by increasing the scores of some subjects but by decreasing the scores of other subjects. Examples arise in the area of defensive behavior. Customary tests of differences between means are inappropriate for assessing the existence of effect of the experimental treatment in such cases. A test based on the ranks of the observations is proposed; it will be sensitive to extreme scores (either large or small or both) for experimentals.
Wavelet Filtering with the Mellin Transform

Abstract It is shown that any convolution operator in the time domain can be represented exactly as a multiplication operator in the time-scale (wavelet) domain. The Mellin transform gives a one-to-one correspondence between frequency filters (system functions) and scale filters (multiplication operators in the scale domain), subject to the convergence of the defining integrals. Applications to the denoising of random signals are proposed. It is argued that the present method is more suitable for removing the effects of atmospheric turbulence than the conventional procedures because it is ideally suited for resolving spectral power laws.
Performance limits of axial compressor stages

This paper presents a framework for estimating the upper limit of compressor stage efficiency. Using a compressor stage model with a representative design velocity distribution with turbulent boundary layers, losses are calculated as the sum of selected local irreversibilities, rather than from correlations based on data from existing machines. By considering only losses that cannot be eliminated and optimizing stage design variables for minimum loss, an upper bound on stage efficiency can be determined as a function of a small number of stage design parameters. The impact of the stage analysis results are evaluated in the context of gas turbine cycle performance. The implication from the results of the stage level and cycle analyses is that compressor efficiency improvements that result in substantial increases in cycle thermal efficiency are still to be realized.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Admittance of thin, coaxially-driven infinite monopole antennas

The apparent admittance of an infinite monopole antenna, driven by a coaxial line of inner radius "a" and outer radius "b" , is determined for the limit of small values of a/b , where kb « 1 Previous analytical work has determined the apparent admittance for the limit a/b → 1. These two results bracket and demonstrate the validity of earlier numerical work which determined the apparent admittance for 0 < a/b < 1 . The determination of the apparent admittance for a/b → 0 requires the asymptotic solution of an integral equation. In the derivation of the asymptotic solution to the original integral equation, a new and very curious integral equation results. This new integral equation is examined analytically and finally is solved numerically.
Functional programming languages

Functional programming languages are a class of languages designed to reflect the way people think mathematically, rather than reflecting the underlying machine. Functional languages are based on the lambda calculus, a simple model of computation, and have a solid theoretical foundation that allows one to reason formally about the programs written in them. The most commonly used functional languages are Standard ML, Haskell, and “pure” Scheme (a dialect of LISP), which, although they differ in many ways, share most of the properties described here. For a complete description of these languages and of functional programming in general, see Bird and Wadler [1988], Paulson [1991], Sussman and Abelson [1985], Hudak et al. [1992], Milner et al. [1990], Artificial Intelligence Laboratory [1992], and Hudak [1989]. In contrast to the usual imperative languages (e.g., C, Fortran, and Ada), in which variables represent cells in memory that can be modified using the assignment operator 5 (or :5), functional languages view the use of the 5 operator as an expression of an equation. For example, if a functional program contains the declaration
BCS FROM NUCLEI AND NEUTRON STARS TO QUARK MATTER AND COLD ATOMS

This article describes extensions of BCS theory to atomic nuclei and neutron stars, to high density quark matter and connections to pairing in ultracold clouds of atomic fermions.
Scheduling multithreaded computations by work stealing

This paper studies the problem of efficiently schedulling fully strict (i.e., well-structured) multithreaded computations on parallel computers. A popular and practical method of scheduling this kind of dynamic MIMD-style computation is “work stealing,” in which processors needing work steal computational threads from other processors. In this paper, we give the first provably good work-stealing scheduler for multithreaded computations with dependencies.Specifically, our analysis shows that the expected time to execute a fully strict computation on P processors using our work-stealing scheduler is T1/P + O(T ∞ , where T1 is the minimum serial execution time of the multithreaded computation and (T ∞ is the minimum execution time with an infinite number of processors. Moreover, the space required by the execution is at most S1P, where S1 is the minimum serial space requirement. We also show that the expected total communication of the algorithm is at most O(PT ∞( 1 + nd)Smax), where Smax is the size of the largest activation record of any thread and nd is the maximum number of times that any thread synchronizes with its parent. This communication bound justifies the folk wisdom that work-stealing schedulers are more communication efficient than their work-sharing counterparts. All three of these bounds are existentially optimal to within a constant factor.
A Scaling Theory for Horizontally Homogeneous, Baroclinically Unstable Flow on a Beta Plane

Abstract The scaling argument developed by the authors in a previous work for eddy amplitudes and fluxes in a horizontally homogeneous, two-layer model on an f plane is extended to a β plane. In terms of the nondimensional number ξ=U/(βλ2), where λ is the deformation radius and U is the mean thermal wind, the result for the rms eddy velocity V, the characteristic wavenumber of the energy-containing eddies and of the eddy-driven jets kj, and the magnitude of the eddy diffusivity for potential vorticity D, in the limit ξ ≫ 1, are as follows: V/U ≈ ξ, kjλ ≈ ξ−1, D/(Uλ) ≈ ξ2.Numerical simulations provide qualitative support for this scaling but suggest that it underestimates the sensitivity of these eddy statistics to the value of ξ. A generalization that is applicable to continuous stratification is suggested that leads to the estimates V ≈ (βT2)−1, kj ≈ βT, D ≈ (β2T3)−1,where T is a timescale determined by the environment; in particular, it equals λU−1 in the two-layer model and N(f∂zU)−1 in a continuous fl...
On the social psychology of the psychological experiment: With particular reference to demand characteristics and their implications.

Since the time of Galileo, scientists have employed the laboratory experiment as a method of understanding natural phenomena. This chapter focuses on some of the qualities peculiar to psychological experiments. The experimental situation is one which takes place within the context of an explicit agreement of the subject to participate in a special form of social interaction known as "taking part in an experiment". The demand characteristics perceived in any particular experiment will vary with the sophistication, intelligence, and previous experience of each experimental subject. It becomes an empirical issue to study under what circumstances, in what kind of experimental contexts, and with what kind of subject populations, demand characteristics become significant in determining the behavior of subjects in experimental situations. The most obvious technique for determining what demand characteristics are perceived is the use of post-experimental inquiry. In this regard, it is well to point out that considerable self-discipline is necessary for the experimenter to obtain a valid inquiry.
The Heston Riemannian distance function

Abstract The Heston model is a popular stock price model with stochastic volatility that has found numerous applications in practice. In the present paper, we study the Riemannian distance function associated with the Heston model and obtain explicit formulas for this function using geometrical and analytical methods. Geometrical approach is based on the study of the Heston geodesics, while the analytical approach exploits the links between the Heston distance function and the Carnot–Caratheodory distance function in the Grushin plane. For the Grushin plane, we establish an explicit formula for the Legendre–Fenchel transform of the limiting cumulant generating function and prove a partial large deviation principle that is true only inside a special set.
Cayley Compactifications of Abelian Groups

Following work of Rieffel [1], we define the Cayley compactification of a discrete Abelian group G with a distinguished finite set of generators S. We use algebraic methods in the general case to construct an explicit presentation of Cayley compactifications. In the particular case of \( \mathbb{Z}_n \), we use geometric methods to demonstrate a strong and explicit connection between the Cayley compactification and the polytope \( P^\Delta \) polar to P = conv(S).
Macrocyclic polyethers as probes to assess and understand alkali metal cation-π interactions

Abstract Cation-π interactions of alkali metals with arenes have been known in the gas phase for two decades but solid-state structural data have become available only recently. The quest for solid-state evidence is described here. Complexation of Na+ and K+ by arene-terminated lariat ethers has provided important insights into the cation-π interaction.
Electrically tunable near-field radiative heat transfer via ferroelectric materials

We explore ways to actively control near-field radiative heat transfer between two surfaces that relies on electrical tuning of phonon modes of ferroelectric materials. Ferroelectrics are widely used for tunable electrical devices, such as capacitors and memory devices; however, their tunable properties have not yet been examined for heat transfer applications. We show via simulations that radiative heat transfer between two ferroelectric materials can be enhanced by over two orders of magnitude over the blackbody limit in the near field, and can be tuned as much as 16.5% by modulating the coupling between surface phonon polariton modes at the two surfaces via varying external electric fields. We then discuss how to maximize the modulation contrast for tunable thermal devices using the studied mechanism.
DARK MATTER STRUCTURES IN THE DEEP LENS SURVEY

We present a regularized maximum likelihood weak-lensing reconstruction of the Deep Lens Survey F2 field (4 deg{sup 2}). High signal-to-noise ratio peaks in our lensing significance map appear to be associated with possible projected filamentary structures. The largest apparent structure extends for over a degree in the field and has contributions from known optical clusters at three redshifts (z {approx} 0.3, 0.43, 0.5). Noise in weak-lensing reconstructions is known to potentially cause 'false positives'; we use Monte Carlo techniques to estimate the contamination in our sample, and find that 10%-25% of the peaks are expected to be false detections. For significant lensing peaks, we estimate the total signal-to-noise ratio of detection using a method that accounts for pixel-to-pixel correlations in our reconstruction. We also report the detection of a candidate relative underdensity in the F2 field with a total signal-to-noise ratio of {approx}5.5.
Van Hove excitons and high-Tc superconductivity

I summarize recent work on a model which relates high-temperature superconductivity to ‘excitons’ (short-range charge density wave [CDW] order fluctuations) near the van Hove singularity of the CuO 2 sheets. The model explains the anomalous normal state properties, predicts a pinning of the Fermi energy at a preferred hole concentration, describes the crossover from an antiferromagnetic Mott insulator near half filling to a correlated Fermi liquid in the doped material, and suggests that the superconducting transition is similar to that found in the A15 compounds, but enhanced by effects of lower dimensionality.
Minimum crosstalk switchbox routing

As technology advances, interconnection wires are placed in closer proximity, and circuits operate at higher frequencies. Consequently, reduction of crosstalks between interconnection wires becomes an important consideration in VLSI design. In this paper, we studied the gridded switchbox routing problem with the objectives of satisfying crosstalk constraints on the nets and minimizing the total crosstalk among all of the nets. We proposed a new approach to the problem which utilizes existing switchbox routing algorithms and improves upon the routing results by re-assigning the horizontal and vertical wire segments to rows and columns, respectively, in an iterative fashion. This approach can also be applied to the channel routing problem with crosstalk constraints. To re-assign the horizontal and vertical wire segments effectively and optimally, a new mixed integer linear programming formulation and effective techniques for reducing the number of variables and constraints in the ILP formulation are presented. The novelty of the ILP formulation together with the techniques for reducing the number of variables and constraints in the formulation enable us to obtain excellent results for all the circuits we tested.
Computation of Unsteady Viscous Flow Through Turbomachinery Blade Row Due to Upstream Rotor Wakes

A time-accurate, two-dimensional, pressure-based, Navier-Stokes solver for incompressible flow is developed and used to carry out the numerical simulation of rotor-stator interaction. A low-Reynolds-number form of the two-equation turbulence model is used to account for the turbulence effects. In order to improve the accuracy of the numerical scheme, a central differencing plus an artificial dissipation scheme is implemented to provide precise control of numerical dissipation. An inner loop iteration scheme is used at each time step to account for the nonlinear effects. The computation of unsteady flow through a flat plate cascade subjected to a transverse gust reveals that the choice of grid spacing and the amount of artificial dissipation is critical for accurate prediction of unsteady phenomena. The rotor-stator interaction problem is simulated by starting the computation upstream of the stator, and the upstream rotor wake is specified from the experimental data. The results show that the stator potential effects have appreciable influence on the upstream rotor wake. The predicted unsteady wake profiles are compared with the available experimental data and the agreement is good. The numerical results are interpreted to draw conclusions on the unsteady wake transport mechanism in the blade passage.
Strong anomalous optical dispersion of graphene: complex refractive index measured by Picometrology.

We introduce spinning-disc Picometrology which is designed to measure complex refractive index of ultra-thin and size-limited sample deposited on a solid surface. Picometrology is applied to measure the refractive index of graphene on thermal oxide on silicon. The refractive index varies from ng=2.4-1.0i at 532 nm to ng=3.0-1.4i at 633 nm at room temperature. The dispersion is five times stronger than bulk graphite (2.67- 1.34i to 2.73-1.42i from 532 nm to 633 nm).
Neopentylglycolborylation of ortho-Substituted Aryl Halides Catalyzed by NiCl2-Based Mixed-Ligand Systems

NiCl2-based mixed-ligand systems were shown to be very effective catalysts for the neopentylglycolborylation of aryl iodides, bromides, and chlorides bearing electron-rich and electron-deficient ortho-substituents. Although NiCl2-based single-ligand catalytic systems were able to mediate neopentylglycolborylation of selected substrates, they were not as effective for all substrates, highlighting the value of the mixed-ligand concept. Optimization of the Ni(II)-catalyzed neopentylglycolborylation of 2-iodoanisole and methyl 2-iodobenzoate demonstrated that, while the role of ligand and coligand in the conversion of Ni(II) precatalyst to Ni(0) active catalyst cannot be ignored, a mixed-ligand complex is likely present throughout the catalytic cycle. In addition, protodeborylation and hydrodehalogenation were demonstrated to be the predominant side reactions of Ni(II)-catalyzed borylation of ortho-substituted aryl halides containing the electron-deficient carboxylate substituents. Ni(II) complexes in the pre...
American higher education—Past, present and future

ABSTRACT American higher education is unique in its size and diversity and in its openness to all who gain a high school diploma. This paper describes current trends in enrolments and finance in American colleges and universities, noting recent changes in the demography of the student body that have kept enrolments constant, despite dwindling traditional college-age cohorts. The sources of the unique characteristics of American higher education lie in its peculiar historical origins and development, especially in the central state authority's and the academic guilds' weakness, the college president's relative strength, and various markets' influence on an institution that elsewhere has been largely shielded from market forces. The discussion then turns to the functional relationships among some key structural characteristics which give rise to important, if generally unrecognised, contributions of mass higher education to American society.
CCS expressions finite state processes, and three problems of equivalence

Abstract We examine the computational complexity of testing finite state processes for equivalence in Milner's Calculus of Communicating Systems (CCS). The equivalence problems in CCS are presented as refinements of the familiar problem of testing whether two nondeterministic finite automata (NFA) are equivalent, i.e., accept the same language. Three notions of equivalence proposed for CCS are investigated, namely, observational equivalence, strong observational equivalence, and failure equivalence. We show that observational equivalence can be tested in polynomial time. As defined in CCS, observational equivalence is the limit of a sequence of successively finer equivalence relations, ≈k, where ≈1 is nondeterministic finite automaton equivalence. We prove that, for each fixed k, deciding ≈k is PSPACE-complete. We show that strong observational equivalence can be decided in polynomial time by reducing it to generalized partitioning, a new combinatorial problem of independent interest. Finally, we demonstrate that testing for failure equivalence is PSPACE-complete, even for a very restricted type of process.
A combinatorial description of the Heegaard Floer contact invariant

We observe that the Heegaard Floer contact invariant is combinatorial by applying the algorithm of Sarkar-Wang to the description of the contact invariant due to Honda-Kazez-Matic. We include an example of this combinatorial calculation.
Improvement of astronomical constants and ephemerides from Pioneer radio-tracking data.

Tabulated coherent S-band Doppler data from Pioneer 6 and 7 radio tracking, improving astronomical constants and ephemerides for earth- moon system
Perturbative qcd effects in heavy meson decays

Abstract The amplitude for the exclusive nonleptonic decay of a heavy meson into two light pseudoscalar mesons is analyzed using the factorization formalism of perturbative QCD for exclusive reactions at large momentum transfer. We calculate the form factor for b → u transition and compare it to the old quark model calculation and the new one based on the light cone formulation of the full quark model wave function. The new results we obtain are smaller by a factor of 2 – 3 as compared to the old value.
Coherent Raman studies of shocked liquids

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) is reported following shock loading for the liquids phenylacetylene (18 and 13 GPa), cyclohexane (17 GPa), and acrylonitrile (17 GPa). The evolution of the spectra over the first 300 ps was recorded in each case. All spectra show monotonic decay of all peaks with increasing time after shock. No new peaks due to either chemical reaction or pressure shifting of the vibrational frequencies were observable. This loss of signal after shock is attributed to the decreased coherence time in the shock heated liquids, which leads to rapid signal loss in the nonresonant background free version of CARS used in the measurements. These results suggest that more complex methods may be required to measure picosecond shock induced chemistry with coherent Raman techniques that are free of nonresonant background interference.
AVERAGE INFRARED GALAXY SPECTRA FROM SPITZER FLUX-LIMITED SAMPLES

The mid-infrared spectroscopic analysis of a flux-limited sample of galaxies with f ν(24 μm) > 10 mJy is presented. Sources observed are taken from the Spitzer First Look Survey (FLS) catalog and from the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey region in Bootes (NDWFS). The spectroscopic sample includes 60 of the 100 sources in these combined catalogs having f ν(24 μm) > 10 mJy. New spectra from the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph are presented for 25 FLS sources and for 11 Bootes active galactic nuclei (AGNs); these are combined with 24 Bootes starburst galaxies previously published to determine the distribution of mid-infrared spectral characteristics for the total 10 mJy sample. Sources have 0.01 44.0) are dominated by silicate absorption or emission. We find that a rest-frame equivalent width of 0.4 μm for the 6.2 μm PAH emission feature provides a well-defined division between lower luminosity, "pure" starbursts and higher luminosity AGN or composite sources. Using the average spectra, fluxes f ν(24 μm) which would be observed with the Spitzer MIPS are predicted as a function of redshift for sources with luminosities that correspond to the average spectra. AGNs identical to those in this 10 mJy sample could be seen to z = 3 with f ν(24 μm) > 1 mJy, but starbursts fall to f ν(24 μm) < 1 mJy by z~ 0.5. This indicates that substantial luminosity evolution of starbursts is required to explain the numerous starbursts found in other IRS results having f ν(24 μm) ~ 1 mJy and z~ 2.
The Thionium/N-Acyliminium Ion Cyclization Cascade as a Strategy for the Synthesis of Azapolycyclic Ring Systems

A series of amidosulfoxides were prepared by the addition of thiophenol to the appropriate alkenoic acid π-bond, and this was followed by reaction of the in situ generated acyl chloride with 3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl amine. The silicon-induced Pummerer reaction of these amidosulfoxides was carried out using 1-(dimethyl-tert-butylsiloxy)-1-methoxyethylene in dry acetonitrile in the presence of a catalytic amount of ZnI2 and led to the very clean formation of 2-thiophenyl substituted lactams. Iminium ion-aromatic π-cyclization was accomplished by treatment of the initially formed thiophenyl lactams with BF3·2AcOH which resulted in the generation of an N-acyliminium ion. Cyclization of the iminium ion onto the tethered aromatic ring led to various azapolycyclic ring systems. A related cyclization sequence also occurred with amidosulfoxides that possess simple olefinic tethers. The method was applied toward the synthesis of a member of the protoberberine alkaloid family.
Statistical Efficiency of Composite Position Measurements from Passive Sensors

Combining line-of-sight (LOS) measurements from passive sensors (e.g., satellite-based IR, ground-based cameras, etc.), assumed to be synchronized, into a single composite Cartesian measurement (full position in 3D) via maximum likelihood (ML) estimation, can circumvent the need for nonlinear filtering-which involves, by necessity, approximations. This ML estimate is shown to be statistically efficient, even for small sample sizes (as few as two LOS measurements), and as such, the covariance matrix obtainable from the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) provides the correct measurement noise covariance matrix for use in a target tracking filter.
Loss analysis for a two wire optical waveguide for chip-to-chip communication

An optical interconnect system for chip-to-chip communication using gold bond wires as a two wire waveguide is proposed. Such an optical waveguide scheme would greatly simplify inter-chip optical communication compared with existing waveguide concepts.
Ocean Thermal: Energy Conversion

Note: Bibliogr. : p. 79-80. Index Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08
Asymmetric Catalysis of the [5 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Vinylcyclopropanes and π-Systems

As part of our studies of metal-catalyzed [m + n (+...o)] cycloadditions, we have previously reported the rhodium-catalyzed [5 + 2] cycloaddition of vinylcyclopropanes (VCPs) and π-systems. These studies have led to Rh(I) complexes that catalyze these reactions in minutes at room temperature or in water without organic solvents. We describe a comparative evaluation of several chiral catalysts for the [5 + 2] reaction, evaluation of a preferred catalyst, [((R)-BINAP)Rh]+SbF6-, with substrates differing in substitution and tether typesproducing enantiomeric excesses ≥95% for several systems. A predictive model for the selectivity is also presented.
Do Forecasters Believe in Okun’s Law? An Assessment of Unemployment and Output Forecasts

Abstract This paper provides an assessment of the consistency of unemployment and output forecasts. We show that, consistent with Okun’s Law, forecasts of real GDP growth and the change in unemployment are negatively correlated. The Okun coefficient—the responsiveness of unemployment to growth—from forecasts is fairly similar to that in the actual data for various countries. Furthermore, revisions to unemployment forecasts are negatively correlated with revisions to real GDP forecasts. These results are based on forecasts taken from Consensus Economics for nine advanced countries since 1989.
Lunar and planetary mass concentrations.

Figure and inhomogeneities relationship for moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars and earth, discussing circular basins and mascons
T-Branes and Geometry

T-branes are a non-abelian generalization of intersecting branes in which the matrix of normal deformations is nilpotent along some subspace. In this paper we study the geometric remnant of this open string data for six-dimensional F-theory vacua. We show that in the dual M-theory / IIA compactification on a smooth Calabi-Yau threefold X smth, the geometric remnant of T-brane data translates to periods of the three-form potential valued in the intermediate Jacobian of X smth. Starting from a smoothing of a singular Calabi-Yau, we show how to track this data in singular limits using the theory of limiting mixed Hodge structures, which in turn directly points to an emergent Hitchin-like system coupled to defects. We argue that the physical data of an F-theory compactification on a singular threefold involves specifying both a geometry as well as the remnant of three-form potential moduli and flux which is localized on the discriminant. We give examples of T-branes in compact F-theory models with heterotic duals, and comment on the extension of our results to four-dimensional vacua.
Dimension and singularity theory for local rings of finite embedding dimension

Abstract In this paper, we develop an algebraic theory for local rings of finite embedding dimension. Several extensions of (Krull) dimension are proposed, which are then used to generalize singularity notions from commutative algebra. Finally, variants of the homological theorems are shown to hold in equal characteristic. This theory is then applied to Noetherian local rings in order to get: (i) over a Cohen–Macaulay local ring, uniform bounds on the Betti numbers of a Cohen–Macaulay module in terms of dimension and multiplicity, and similar bounds for the Bass numbers of a finitely generated module; (ii) a characterization for being respectively analytically unramified, analytically irreducible, unmixed, quasi-unmixed, normal, Cohen–Macaulay, pseudo-rational, or weakly F-regular in terms of certain uniform arithmetic behavior; (iii) in mixed characteristic, the Improved New Intersection Theorem when the residual characteristic or ramification index is large with respect to dimension (and some other numerical invariants).
Understanding high temperature superconductors: Progress and prospects

Abstract I review progress in measurements of the dynamic spin susceptibility in the normal state which yield a new phase diagram and discuss microscopic calculations which yield qualitative, and in many cases, quantitative agreement with the measured changes in the quasiparticle, transport, magnetotransport, and optical properties of the cuprate superconductors as one varies doping and temperature provided one describes the systems as nearly anti-ferromagnetic Fermi liquids in which the effective magnetic interaction between planar quasiparticles mirrors the dynamic spin susceptibility measured in NMR and INS experiments. Together with the demonstration that the NAFL pairing potential leads inexorably to a d x 2 −y 2 , pairing state, this work provides a “proof of concept” for the NAFL description of high T c materials. I review Eliashberg calculations of the mean-field behavior found in overdoped systems and discuss the extent to which the crossovers to pseudoscaling and pseudogap behavior found in the effective magnetic interaction and quasiparticle behavior in the optimally doped and underdoped systems may be derived microscopically. I conclude with a tentative scenario for the dependence of T c on doping level and imperfections in different systems.
Fano Resonance and Spectrally Modified Photoluminescence Enhancement in Monolayer MoS2 Integrated with Plasmonic Nanoantenna Array

The manipulation of light-matter interactions in two-dimensional atomically thin crystals is critical for obtaining new optoelectronic functionalities in these strongly confined materials. Here, by integrating chemically grown monolayers of MoS2 with a silver-bowtie nanoantenna array supporting narrow surface-lattice plasmonic resonances, a unique two-dimensional optical system has been achieved. The enhanced exciton-plasmon coupling enables profound changes in the emission and excitation processes leading to spectrally tunable, large photoluminescence enhancement as well as surface-enhanced Raman scattering at room temperature. Furthermore, due to the decreased damping of MoS2 excitons interacting with the plasmonic resonances of the bowtie array at low temperatures stronger exciton-plasmon coupling is achieved resulting in a Fano line shape in the reflection spectrum. The Fano line shape, which is due to the interference between the pathways involving the excitation of the exciton and plasmon, can be tuned by altering the coupling strengths between the two systems via changing the design of the bowties lattice. The ability to manipulate the optical properties of two-dimensional systems with tunable plasmonic resonators offers a new platform for the design of novel optical devices with precisely tailored responses.
Stereochemical aspects of novel 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazines

Novel polysubstituted 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazines are synthesized by 1,4-cycloaddition of unactivated olefins with N-acyliminiums from benzotriazole precursors. The configuration and conformation of the products are deduced from NMR investigation. The regio- and exo–endo stereochemistry of the cycloaddition are discussed. Conformations of compounds of six types of substitution (6-mono; 6,6-, 5,6- and 4,6-di; 4,6,6- and 4,5,6-tri) are rationalized on the basis of axial-1,3-repulsion and the anomeric effect.
Theory of Bloch waves

Abstract : The Bloch waves of the one-electron theory of electronic states in crystals are the eigenfunctions of a family of unbounded selfadjoint operators H(p) that depend holomorphically on the wave momentum p = (p1, p2, p3) elements of R cubed. H(p) has a discrete spectrum, witth corresponding complete orthonormal sequences of eigenfunctions, and it is customary to denote such a sequence by (psi sub n) (p) and speak of the Bloch waves. However, the eigenfunctions are not unique and a separate choice is required for each p. The customary definitionn therefore rests on the axiom of choice and can provide no information about the p-dependence of the Bloch waves. Some information is essential for applications. A minimal requirements is p-measurability.
Series-resonant VHF micromechanical resonator reference oscillators

Series-resonant vibrating micromechanical resonator oscillators are demonstrated using a custom-designed single-stage zero-phase-shift sustaining amplifier together with planar-processed micromechanical resonator variants with quality factors Q in the thousands that differ mainly in their power-handling capacities. The resonator variants include two 40-/spl mu/m-long 10-MHz clamped-clamped-beam (CC-beam) resonators, one of them much wider than the other so as to allow larger power-handling capacity, and a 64-/spl mu/m-diameter 60-MHz disk resonator that maximizes both Q and power handling among the resonators tested. Tradeoffs between Q and power handling are seen to be most important in setting the close-to-carrier and far-from-carrier phase noise behavior of each oscillator, although such parameters as resonant frequency and motional resistance are also important. With a 10/spl times/ higher power handling capability than the wide-width CC-beam resonator, a comparable series motional resistance, and a 45/spl times/ higher Q of 48 000, the 60-MHz wine glass resonator reference oscillator exhibits a measured phase noise of -110 dBc/Hz at 1-kHz offset, and -132 dBc/Hz at far-from-carrier offsets. Dividing down to 10 MHz for fair comparison with a common conventional standard, this oscillator achieves a phase noise of -125 dBc/Hz at 1-kHz offset, and -147 dBc/Hz at far-from-carrier offsets.
Catalytic Redox-Initiated Glycolate Aldol Additions of Silyl Glyoxylates

Lanthanide triisopropoxides catalyze a rapid, tandem MPV reduction/Brook rearrangement/aldol sequence between silyl glyoxylates and aldehydes that achieves catalytic turnover through alkoxide transfer from a strain-release Lewis acidic silacycle.
Courageous listening, responsibility for the other and the Northern Territory intervention

Public debate about reconciliation in Australia has been polarized by a distinction between the symbolic and the practical. Challenging this false dichotomy, this paper explores courageous listening as a practice that entails both responsiveness and creative action. Although listening can function as a way of responding to the other and expanding the possibility for shared action; it is nonetheless not inherently open or transformative. Indeed, public debate about the Australian federal government's Northern Territory Intervention is examined as a case study that manifests communicative practices which preserve, rather than transform, established hierarchies of attention. The terms of this debate also, however, contain listening practices grounded in the ideal of responsiveness.
THE HISTORY OF STEELHEAD AND RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) IN THE SANTA YNEZ RIVER WATERSHED, SANTA BARBARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

Abstract This study explores the historical distribution and abundance of anadromous steelhead and associated freshwater rainbow trout in the Santa Ynez River watershed of northern Santa Barbara and western Ventura counties, California, prior to the completion of Bradbury Dam in 1953. Steelhead and rainbow trout once occurred throughout the Santa Ynez River basin, which supported one of the largest steelhead runs in central and southern California. The size of the Santa Ynez River's steelhead runs varied dramatically due to climatic and hydrologic cycles. Yet the river still supported an important recreational steelhead fishery until the early 1950s, when the population collapsed following the construction of Bradbury Dam. Few steelhead spawn in the Santa Ynez today, but the river remains a crucial focus for the recovery of southern California steelhead, which since 1997 have been listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA).
Numerical Homotopies to Compute Generic Points on Positive Dimensional Algebraic Sets

Many applications modeled by polynomial systems have positive dimensional solution components (e.g., the path synthesis problems for four-bar mechanisms) that are challenging to compute numerically by homotopy continuation methods. A procedure of A. Sommese and C. Wampler consists in slicing the components with linear subspaces in general position to obtain generic points of the components as the isolated solutions of an auxiliary system. Since this requires the solution of a number of larger overdetermined systems, the procedure is computationally expensive and also wasteful because many solution paths diverge. In this article an embedding of the original polynomial system is presented, which leads to a sequence of homotopies, with solution paths leading to generic points of all components as the isolated solutions of an auxiliary system. The new procedure significantly reduces the number of paths to solutions that need to be followed. This approach has been implemented and applied to various polynomial systems, such as the cyclic n-roots problem.
Robust algorithms for packet routing in a mesh

This paper considers the problem of permutation packet routing on a √n×√n mesh-connected array of processors. Each node in the array is assumed to be independently faulty with a probability bounded above by a valuep. This paper gives a routing algorithm which, ifp⩽ 0.29, will with very high probability route every packet that can be routed inO(√n logn) steps with queue lengths that areO(log2 n). Extensions to higher-dimensional meshes are given.
Disruption mitigation with high-pressure noble gas injection

Abstract High-pressure gas jets of neon and argon are used to mitigate the three principal damaging effects of tokamak disruptions: thermal loading of the divertor surfaces, vessel stress from poloidal halo currents and the buildup and loss of relativistic electrons to the wall. The gas jet penetrates as a neutral species through to the central plasma at its sonic velocity. The injected gas atoms increase up to 500 times the total electron inventory in the plasma volume, resulting in a relatively benign radiative dissipation of >95% of the plasma stored energy. The rapid cooling and the slow movement of the plasma to the wall reduce poloidal halo currents during the current decay. The thermally collapsed plasma is very cold (∼1–2 eV) and the impurity charge distribution can include >50% fraction neutral species. If a sufficient quantity of gas is injected, the neutrals inhibit runaway electrons. A physical model of radiative cooling is developed and validated against DIII-D experiments. The model shows that gas jet mitigation, including runaway suppression, extrapolates favorably to burning plasmas where disruption damage will be more severe. Initial results of real-time disruption detection triggering gas jet injection for mitigation are shown.
B DECAYS, THE UNITARITY TRIANGLE, AND THE UNIVERSE

The past year has seen a number of exciting experimental developments which have advanced our understanding of the physics of flavor. These include the confirmation by KTeV [1] and NA48 [2] of the NA31 result [3] for Re(e′/e) in KL → ππ , the first measurement by CDF [4] of sin2β in B → J/ψKS , and the observation of a single event in K+ → π+νν by BNL–AGS–E787 [5]. In addition, 1999 has seen the startup of the next generation of e+e− B Factory experiments: BaBar at PEP–II (SLAC), BELLE at KEK–B (KEK), and CLEO–III at CESR (Cornell). The first physics results from these machines are expected in 2000. The fixed target experiment HERA–B, operating in the HERA accelerator at DESY, will soon be taking physics data as well. For high statistics studies of the K system, KLOE at the DAΦNE φ Factory (Frascati) has also begun to take data this year. Having been assigned such an ambitious title, my plan for this talk is to locate these various developments within a broader context. How do they all fit together and relate to each other? What do they signify for the next decade of particle physics? And most important, what is the role of such “low-energy” high energy physics in the anticipated era of new discoveries at the Tevatron and LHC? In short, what do we know now about the physics of flavor, and where do we hope to go in the future?
Imperfect Information and Stock Market Volatility

The purpose of this paper is to (1) develop a model to show how imperfect information can create excess volatility in asset returns and (2) provide empirical evidence consistent with the model. In this framework, variations in information quality cause the market prices to fluctuate more than the corresponding economic fundamentals. Using high-frequency data from 1988 to 2002, the empirical evidence supports the predictions of the model by showing that economic volatility, defined as squared deviations of the quarterly gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate from its long-run trend, can explain about half of the variation in S&P 500-stock index quarterly volatility.
CRYPTANALYSIS OF AN IMPLEMENTATION SCHEME OF THE TAMED TRANSFORMATION METHOD CRYPTOSYSTEM

A Tamed Transformation Method (TTM) cryptosystem was proposed by T. T. Moh in 1999. We describe how the first implementation scheme of the TTM system can be defeated. The computational complexity of our attack is 233 computations on the finite field with 28 elements. The cipher of the TTM systems are degree 2 polynomial maps derived from composition of invertible maps of either total degree 2 or linear maps which can be easily calculated and can be easily inverted. To ensure the system to be of degree two, the key construction of the implementation schemes of the TTM systems is a multivariable polynomial Q8(x1,…,xn) and a set of linearly independent quadratic polynomials qi(x1,…,xm), i=1,…,n such that Q8(q1,…,qn) is again a degree 2 polynomials of x1,…,xm. In this paper, we study the first implementation scheme of the TTM systems [6]. We discovered that in this implementation scheme the specific polynomial Q8 can be decomposed further into a factorization in terms of composition. By taking powers of the equality satisfied by the new composition factors, we can actually derive a set of equations, that can produce linear equations satisfied by the plaintext. These linear equations lead us to find a way to defeat this implementation scheme.
Remembering Michael Stephen Feld: physics and biomedicine pioneer (1940-2010).

Michael Feld ranged over a wide intellectual landscape. During his more than 50 years in physics and biomedicine, he pioneered on several frontiers. His career began with fundamental discoveries in laser science and ended as he was producing exciting, innovative developments in biomedical optics and biomedical physics.
Masers in AGN environments

Galactic nuclei are well known sources of OH and H2O maser emission. It appears that intense star formation in ultra-luminous infrared galaxies drives most OH sources. In contrast, nuclear activity appears to drive most H2O sources. When H2O emission originates in accretion disk structures, constrained geometry and dynamics enable robust interpretation of spectroscopic and imaging data. The principal science includes study of AGN geometry at parsec and sub-parsec radii and measurement of geometric distances in the Hubble Flow. New high accuracy estimates of the Hubble constant, "Ho," obtained from maser distances may enable new substantively improved constraints on fundamental cosmological parameters (e.g., dark energy).
Particle Image Velocimetry Characterization of a Chordwise Bending Cascade Flowfield

Experiments are performed to investigate and quantify the velocity e eld over a chordwise-bending oscillating airfoil in a cascade operating at both design and off-design conditions. Particle image velocimetry is used to obtain a time history of the velocity e eld over the oscillating airfoil through one complete cycle. These data are then compared with unsteady surface-pressure data to identify the e ow phenomena responsible for the cascade unsteady aerodynamic loading distributions. High leading-edge unsteady loading at zero mean incidence is attributed primarily to stagnation-point migration from upper to lower surfaces during the oscillation cycle. The unsteadiness is enhanced by the formation of a small leading-edge separation bubble that alternately grows and collapses on the upper and lower airfoil surfaces. The reduction in leading-edge unsteady loading as mean incidence is increased results in a greatly reduced stagnation-point motion that now remains on the pressure surface throughout the cycle. A substantial reduction in suction surface leading-edge velocity unsteadiness is also observed. Migration of the high-velocity region above the dynamic stall separation bubble results in increased unsteady loading between 10 and 40% chord.