cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proximity-dependent labeling methods for proteomic profiling in living cells.

Characterizing the proteome composition of organelles and subcellular regions of living cells can facilitate the understanding of cellular organization as well as protein interactome networks. Proximity labeling-based methods coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) offer a high-throughput approach for systematic analysis of spatially restricted proteomes. Proximity labeling utilizes enzymes that generate reactive radicals to covalently tag neighboring proteins with biotin. The biotinylated endogenous proteins can then be isolated for further analysis by MS. To analyze protein–protein interactions or identify components that localize to discrete subcellular compartments, spatial expression is achieved by fusing the enzyme to specific proteins or signal peptides that target to particular subcellular regions. Although these technologies have only been introduced recently, they have already provided deep insights into a wide range of biological processes. Here, we describe and compare current methods of proximity labeling as well as their applications. As each method has its own unique features, the goal of this review is to describe how different proximity labeling methods can be used to answer different biological questions. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e272. doi: 10.1002/wdev.272 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Abstract 625: Hypoxia-Induced sFlt-1 Production is Enhanced in Placental Villi from Obese MC4R Deficient Rats

Although the etiology of preeclampsia (PE) remains unclear, evidence indicates that impaired cytotrophoblast invasion followed by placental ischemia/hypoxia promotes the release of placental anti-angiogenic factors, such as soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), into the maternal circulation. sFlt-1 blocks the pro-angiogenic actions of vascular endothelial growth factor to elicit maternal endothelial dysfunction and ultimately hypertension and proteinuria. Moreover, a leading risk factor for PE is obesity; however, the mechanisms whereby obesity increases the risk for developing PE are unknown. Our aim was to evaluate circulating and placental sFlt-1 levels in a genetic rodent model of obesity, the melanocortin-4 receptor deficient rat (MC4R+/-). Additionally, we examined the effect of obesity on hypoxia-induced sFlt-1 production in placental villous explants. At gestational day 19, body weight (357±5 vs. 331±11 g) and visceral fat weight (15.3±0.4 vs. 9.2±0.4 g) were higher in MC4R+/- obese pregnant rats (N=7) over MC4R+/+ lean pregnant rats (N=7), whereas mean arterial pressure was similar between groups (MC4R+/-: 110±4 vs. MC4R+/+: 102±2 mmHg). The levels of sFlt-1 in plasma (MC4R+/+: 228±75 vs. MC4R+/+: 141±34 pg/mL) and whole placenta (MC4R+/-: 0.86±0.06 vs. MC4R+/+: 0.82±0.04 pg/mg) were comparable between groups. Similarly, there was no difference in sFlt-1 secretion from 48 h cultures of placental villi explanted from MC4R+/- (1969±176 pg/mg) vs. MC4R+/+ (1408±188 pg/mg) under normoxic conditions (6% oxygen). However, in the face of hypoxia (1% oxygen), there was more pronounced sFlt-1 secretion from MC4R+/- obese rats than MC4R+/+ lean counterparts (2160±233 vs. 1311±120 pg/mg, respectively; P in vitro studies with placental villi from obese rats showed enhanced hypoxia-induced sFlt-1 secretion. Together these findings suggest that placental ischemia-induced endothelial dysfunction and hypertension may be exaggerated by obesity.
Transcriptional landscape of epithelial and immune cell populations revealed through FACS-seq of healthy human skin

Human skin consists of multiple cell types, including epithelial, immune, and stromal cells. Transcriptomic analyses have previously been performed from bulk skin samples or from epithelial and immune cells expanded in cell culture. However, transcriptomic analysis of bulk skin tends to drown out expression signals from relatively rare cells while cell culture methods may significantly alter cellular phenotypes and gene expression profiles. To identify distinct transcriptomic profiles of multiple cell populations without substantially altering cell phenotypes, we employed a fluorescence activated cell sorting method to isolate keratinocytes, dendritic cells, CD4+ T effector cells, and CD8+ T effector cells from healthy skin samples, followed by RNA-seq of each cell population. Principal components analysis revealed distinct clustering of cell types across samples, while differential expression and coexpression network analyses revealed transcriptional profiles of individual cell populations distinct from bulk skin, most strikingly in the least abundant CD8+ T effector population. Our work provides a high resolution view of cutaneous cellular gene expression and suggests that transcriptomic profiling of bulk skin may inadequately capture the contribution of less abundant cell types.
Refusal-to-Deal Cases of IP Rights at the Aftermarket in the US and EU Law: Converging of Both Law Systems Through Speaking the Same Language of Law and Economics

One of the most common ways in which abuse of dominance cases could lead to action restricting Intellectual Property (IP) law is where an IP right holder's refusal to deal inordinately restricts the development of competition. According to Article 82 of the European Community ("EC Article 82") and Section 2 of the Sherman Act, both US and EU law intervene with regard to de facto monopolies in refusal-to-deal cases based on an exclusive IP right "under exceptional circumstances." The courts however, on both sides of the Atlantic, have not used a common language despite facing the same legal problem while handling it with basically the same principles. Moreover, neither the US nor the EU uses any economic argument at all. This article proposes a common language that could be applied by the courts on both sides of the Atlantic in refusal-to-deal cases. The proposed common language consists of commonly understood legal terms and commonly accepted economic analysis, comprising two cumulative steps: First the courts should examine if there is the "possibility of competition by substitution" and a "de facto monopoly on the downstream market. " These two legal terms should be the first two criteria for the finding of an anti-competitive abuse of IP rights. The second step of the proposed analysis would consist of an economic balancing between the proand anti-competitive effects of the refusal of the IP owner to deal. This convergence would bring some legal certainty to this area of law, especially through the application of the two-step-test proposed here. Moreover, it would be* Dr. jur. Haris Apostolopoulos, LLM mult. (Chicago, Munich) The author has studied law in Greece and written his Ph.D. in Munich, Germany on European unfair competition law. He has been a scholar at the Max-Planck-Institute for Intellectual Property and Competition law in Munich and the Fulbright Foundation during his research in the U.S. He is now practicing law in Greece and is a research fellow at the Democritus University of Thrace, where he is teaching Intellectual Property, Competition and European law. I would like to thank Professor Graeme Dinwoodie and Professor David Gerber of the Chicago-Kent College of Law for their help, advice and valuable contribution to the writing and publication of this article. I also owe a special thanks to the Fulbright Foundation for giving me the financial support and opportunity to do my research for a year in Chicago. 238 DEPAUL BUSINESS & COMMERCIAL LAW JOURNAL come an example for the resolution of refusal-to-deal cases at the interface of IP and competition law for other developing countries.
Video Production as a Pathway for Building Identity

How can educators use informal video production to facilitate educational, creative processes for students? What are effective approaches in teaching digital media production and literacy and what skills are best built by these creative processes? This analysis traces the successes and failures of three years of a month-long course for MIT students to script and host science, technology, engineering, and/or math-related YouTube videos to inspire youth and facilitate meaningful learning. This in-depth case study unpacks our instructional approach for and outcomes from equipping STEM-inclined students to become inspiring advocates for their fields.
The Readiness in Establishing Long-Stay Accommodation for Elderly: Case Study of the Sananrak Municipality, Thanyaburi District, Pathumtani Province

The purposes of this research are to study the Readiness in Establishing Long-stay Accommodation for Elderly, case study of the Sananrak Municipality, Thanyaburi District, Pathumtani province and to compare the readiness levels in establishing long-Stay accommodation distinguishes by genders and educational levels. Thus, this research is the Quantitative Research and studied with the population that live in the Sananrak Municipality areas in the total of 16,861 people, with the easily random sampling group of 375 people. Tool used is Questionnaire with the reliability value of .928. Statistical used in data analysis are average, standard deviation, t-test and one way ANOVA. The studied results, found that the readiness in establishing the long-stay accommodation for elderly is in high level. When compare the readiness level in establishing the a long-stay ccommodation distinguishes by genders, found that females are more ready than men without statistical significant and the people who have bachelor degree or higher than bachelor have higher readiness in establishing long-stay accommodation than the people that have lower education than bachelor degree in the statistical significant level of .01.
Country-of-Origin Effects and Consumer Evaluations of Ads Within the Context of Economic Crises

In the current economic climate, select countries, previously stable, are finding themselves in economic crisis. When going through these crises, countries risk an even worse situation if foreign c...
Pupillary Correlates of Fluctuations in Sustained Attention

The current study examined pupillary correlates of fluctuations and lapses of sustained attention. Participants performed a sustained attention task with either a varied ISI or a fixed ISI (fixed at 2 or 8 sec) while pupil responses were continuously recorded. The results indicated that performance was worse when the ISI was varied or fixed at 8 sec compared with when the ISI was fixed at 2 sec, suggesting that varied or long ISI conditions require greater intrinsic alertness compared with constant short ISIs. In terms of pupillary responses, the results demonstrated that slow responses (indicative of lapses) were associated with greater variability in tonic pupil diameter, smaller dilation responses during the ISI, and subsequently smaller dilation responses to stimulus onset. These results suggest that lapses of attention are associated with lower intrinsic alertness, resulting in a lowered intensity of attention to task-relevant stimuli. Following a lapse of attention, performance, tonic pupil diameter, and phasic pupillary responses, all increased, suggesting that attention was reoriented to the task. These results are consistent with the notion that pupillary responses track fluctuations in sustained attention.
Grasping the World From a Cockpit: Perspectives on Embodied Neural Mechanisms Underlying Human Performance and Ergonomics in Aviation Context.

ABSTRACTA great challenge for cognitive neuroscience is studying human behavior in its complexity as it manifests in the real world. The field of aviation provides a unique opportunity to investigate how perception, action and cognition interact in complex yet controlled ecologically valid environments. We suggest a novel cross-domain approach that combines insights from ecological psychology and embodied cognition with a neurophysiological framework to explain patterns of human performance across a variety of aviation contexts. Specifically, we argue that studying the interaction between an agent and the environment, as manifest in the Mirror Neuron system as a neural correlate, is key to understanding complex behavior. We can describe the experience and skills involved with task-relevant actions – like flying an airplane – using brain mechanisms of motor simulation of the observed action. With this direct coupling between perception and action, the automatic implicit nature of the Mirror Neuron system c...
Learning subgoal sequences for planning

A learning problem solver consists of three components: (1) a problem solver, (2) a memory of problem-solving knowledge, and (3) a learning component for deriving new problemsolving knowledge from experience. Previous learning problem solvers have acquired knowledge as macros, control knowledge, or cases. SteppingStone is a general learning problem solver that improves its performance by learning subgoal sequences. The underlying problem solver for SteppingStone is a combination of means-ends analysis and brute-force search. It depends primarily upon means-ends analysis and its problem-solving knowledge to solve the subgoals of the problem. Learning occurs only when this approach fails. Upon failure, search is applied and a new subgoal sequence is derived and added to its problem-solving knowledge. Before SteppingStone attempts to solve any of the problem subgoals, it first orders them with a domain independent heuristic which we call openness. Openness is used to order the subgoals to minimize interactions. Stepping-Stone's ability to improve its performance and scale to difficult problems is demonstrated with an implemented system. We show that a small memory of appropriate subgoals yields multiple orders of magnitude savings in problem-solving cost.
Investigation on background of vectors of diseases in Dongguan city.

Objective To provide the evidence for making up control strategy for diseases by understanding the background and seasonal growth and decline of the vectors such as rat, mosquito, fly, cockroach and Aedes. Methods Investigation points were chosen in city areas and suburbs in 2006 and methods of night cage-trapping, lamp trapping, fly cage-trapping, cockroach sticky trapping, and mosq-ovitrapping were used to measure the densities of rat, mosquito, fly, cockroach and Aedes. Results Mus musculus was the dominant species in murine, accounting for 43.10%. Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus was the dominant species in mosquito, accounting for 99.70%. Filth fly was the dominant species in fly, accounting for 64.29%. Blattella germanica was the dominant species in cockroach, accounting for 97.64%. Yearly average densities of murine, mosquito, fly and cockroach were 6.01%, 27.4 per lamp, 0.87 per cage and 1.29 per box, respectively. Murine, mosquito and cockroach could be found all year round and their seasonal peaks appeared in May and August, May and December and July and November, respectively. The activity of fly were influenced by environmental factors and its seasonal variation was large. All the Aedes was Aedes albopictus. Its yearly average density was 2.33% and seasonal peaks appeared in July and October. Conclusion The background of murine, mosquito, fly, cockroach and Aedes were investigated in Dongguan city and it is suggested to take measures of prevention and control to decrease the densities of vectors before vectors' density peak appear.
A 2D VS 3D EVALUATION AND PROGNOSIS OF INVASIVE CERVICAL RESORPTION

Background Invasive cervical resorption (ICR) is a progressive, dynamic, external inflammatory process. The full extent of this resorptive process is often difficult to establish using 2-dimensional radiographic techniques. Small-volume cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has become an important tool to evaluate additional factors that influence clinical decisions and outcomes. Objective Our objectives were to detect the impact of 3-dimensional evaluation on diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognosis from periapical (PA) radiographs. Materials and Methods A total of 27 cases of ICR with matching PA and CBCT images were included in the study. All images were individually assessed by 3 board certified endodontists in a blinded manner. Examiners were required to classify each case based on the Heithersay classification, provide a suitable treatment plan based on their own radiographic interpretation, and estimate a long-term prognosis based on both PA and CBCT assessments done separately. Results There was a low to moderate rate of agreement regarding resorption classification, surgical treatment decision, and prognoses, regardless of the imaging modality. Discussion The use of CBCT allows for the evaluation of ICR characteristic features and eventually leads to better agreement on diagnosis, surgical treatment decision, and prognosis.
232 Predictors of hydroxychloroquine treatment adherence among people with lupus

Background Treatment adherence is associated with better disease control, improved morbidity and mortality and increased quality of life.1 Studies examining treatment adherence predictors have varied in examined characteristics and results. This study analyzes demographic and socioeconomic factors, perceptions, and experiences influencing hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment adherence among people with lupus. HCQ has long been used to treat lupus, and has been shown to reduce damage accrual and has protective effects on diseases such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia as well as overall survival in people with lupus.2 Methods Cross-sectional study data was obtained through the 2015–2016 Lupus Needs Survey, an online national needs assessment among 3022 adults self-reporting a lupus diagnosis. Univariate analyses were conducted using chi-square and simple logistic regressions among 21 variables, which were subsequently dichotomized. Variables with rates of missing values>15% of total sample were removed in further analysis. Next, 13 variables with a p-value Results 2028 individuals reported currently taking HCQ with 1581 (78.0%) individuals reporting taking the medication exactly as prescribed all of the time, 385 (19.0%) reporting some of the time, and 62 (3.1%) reporting sometimes or never taking HCQ as prescribed. People with lupus were twice as likely to adhere to HCQ if they reported having a rheumatologist as the primary doctor treating their lupus (p=0.046, OR=2.00) and more than twice as likely if they reported having a positive impression of HCQ (p=0.029, OR=2.14) or experienced improvement in treating their symptoms using HCQ (p=0.009, OR=2.49). Notably, African Americans and those indicating race as Other (mixed, American Indian/Alaskan Native, Pacific Islander or Middle Eastern) were 65% less likely to adhere to HCQ treatment (p=0.002, OR=0.35; p=0.021, OR=0.35, respectively). Conclusions The study confirms the importance of experiential factors such as medication impression and patient-reported symptom improvement in HCQ treatment adherence. Additionally, results highlight the potential significance of having a specialist as the primary lupus doctor. This may be due to rheumatologists higher awareness of the value of HCQ for lupus patients compared to other providers. Further exploration is needed on cultural factors negatively influencing treatment adherence among certain racial groups, particularly African Americans and Other racial groups (mixed, American Indian/Alaskan Native, Pacific Islander or Middle Eastern). Treatment adherence is particularly important in lupus given the complex nature of the disease and fluctuation of disease activity, which may be exacerbated by poor adherence. Funding Source(s): UCB Pharma funded study data collection.
On the Robustness of Data-Driven Controllers for Linear Systems

This paper proposes a new framework and several results to quantify the performance of data-driven state-feedback controllers for linear systems against targeted perturbations of the training data. We focus on the case where subsets of the training data are randomly corrupted by an adversary, and derive lower and upper bounds for the stability of the closed-loop system with compromised controller as a function of the perturbation statistics, size of the training data, sensitivity of the data-driven algorithm to perturbation of the training data, and properties of the nominal closed-loop system. Our stability and convergence bounds are probabilistic in nature, and rely on a first-order approximation of the data-driven procedure that designs the state-feedback controller, which can be computed directly using the training data. We illustrate our findings via multiple numerical studies.
Picking a nucleosome lock: Sequence- and structure-specific recognition of the nucleosome

The nucleosome presents a formidable barrier to DNA-templated transcription by the RNA polymerase II machinery. Overcoming this transcriptional barrier in a locus-specific manner requires sequence-specific recognition of nucleosomal DNA by 'pioneer' transcription factors (TFs). Cell fate decisions, in turn, depend on the coordinated action of pioneer TFs at cell lineage-specific gene regulatory elements. Although it is already appreciated that pioneer factors play a critical role in cell differentiation, our understanding of the structural and biochemical mechanisms by which they act is still rapidly expanding. Recent research has revealed novel insight into modes of nucleosome-TF binding and uncovered kinetic principles by which nucleosomal DNA compaction affects both TF binding and residence time. Here, we review progress and argue that these structural and kinetic studies suggest new models of gene regulation by pioneer TFs.
Flash Continuous Home Glucose Monitoring to Improve Adherence to Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose and Self-Efficacy in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes

Adolescents with type 1 diabetes face self-management challenges that make it difficult for them to achieve good glycemic control. In our population of adolescents with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes, the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) improved patients’ glycemic time in range (TIR) and identified hypoglycemia more frequently than with intermittent self-monitoring of blood glucose throughout a 4-week interval. However, the adolescents were unable to synthesize this information to problem-solve or reduce the frequency of hypoglycemic events. Setting SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound) diabetes management goals and providing intensive diabetes education and support could increase adolescents’ TIR and prevent hypoglycemia.
chapter 10 – Resource Properties

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses all the tools that allow one to work with resource properties. The chapter also explains how to declare resource properties more complex. Before beginning, a closer look is taken at how resource properties are represented and handled internally in a service. First of all, it recalls how the resource properties are declared in all the examples seen so far in the book. One of the important new concepts introduced in this chapter is how to expose standard WSRF portTypes to improve the functionality of the services. In particular, the chapter explores portTypes that allow dealing with resource properties. The WS-ResourceProperties specification includes other portTypes besides GetResourceProperty. Each of the four portTypes included in the spec exposes a single operation, with the same name as the portType. The chapter's examples use all of these portTypes. The chapter deploys a new service that exposes all the WS-ResourceProperty portTypes. The client application, in turn, makes a call to each of these portTypes. GT4 includes a set of command-line clients that one can use to access and modify a service's resource properties without having to write a client specifically for that service.
The Utility of a Travel Screen at Triage in Pediatric Emergency Medicine.

BACKGROUND The travel screen was implemented by emergency departments (EDs) across the country in 2014 to detect patients exposed to Ebola early and prevent local outbreaks. It remains part of the triage protocol in many EDs to detect communicable disease from abroad and has become a defacto screen for other travel-related illness. Its utility has not been studied in the pediatric ED. METHODS This was a retrospective review of electronic medical records across 3 EDs from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2016. The screening question reads, "Has the child or a close contact of the child traveled outside the United States in the past 21 days?" A follow-up question requesting travel details is included for positive screens. We compared length of stay, return-visit rates, and differences in disposition between patients with positive and negative travel screens using generalized linear regression. Matched regression estimates, 95% confidence intervals, and P values were reported. RESULTS The study population included 152,945 patients with a total of 322,229 encounters in 2016, of which 232,787 encounters had a travel screen documented during triage. There were 2258 patient encounters that had positive travel screens. Only 201 (8.9%) of these encounters had further description of the travel in the comments box. The odds of hospital admission for patients with positive travel screens were 1.76 (95% confidence interval, 1.54-2.01; P < 0.001) times the odds of hospital admission for patients screened negative. The significance of this finding was largely driven by general hospital admission. Other metrics did not differ significantly between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Although a positive travel screen was mildly predictive of inpatient admission, information is not available to providers about travel-related risk. Recent literature suggests integrating a travel history with presenting symptoms and region of travel and could produce a more specific travel screen. A revised travel screen should be implemented and studied in the pediatric ED.
Fifty Shades of Leather and Misogyny: An Investigation of Anti-Woman Perspectives among Leathermen

The Fifty Shades books and films shed light on a sexual and leather-clad subculture predominantly kept in the dark: bondage, discipline, submission, and sadomasochism (BDSM). Such new interest in t...
Almost sure well-posedness for the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the super-critical regime on $$\mathbb {T}^d$$ T d , $$d\ge 3$$ d ≥ 3

In this paper we prove almost sure local (in time) well-posedness in both adapted atomic spaces and Fourier restriction spaces for the periodic cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation on $$\mathbb {T}^d$$ ( $$d\ge 3$$ ) in the super-critical regime.
Sensitive Identification of Bacterial DNA in Clinical Specimens by Broad-Range 16S rRNA Gene Enrichment.

ABSTRACT The broad-range detection and identification of bacterial DNA from clinical specimens are a foundational approach in the practice of molecular microbiology. However, there are circumstances under which conventional testing may yield false-negative or otherwise uninterpretable results, including the presence of multiple bacterial templates or degraded nucleic acids. Here, we describe an alternative, next-generation sequencing approach for the broad range detection of bacterial DNA using broad-range 16S rRNA gene hybrid capture (“16S Capture”). The method is able to deconvolute multiple bacterial species present in a specimen, is compatible with highly fragmented templates, and can be readily implemented when the overwhelming majority of nucleic acids in a specimen derive from the human host. We find that this approach is sensitive to detecting as few as 17 Staphylococcus aureus genomes from a background of 100 ng of human DNA, providing 19- to 189-fold greater sensitivity for identifying bacterial sequences than standard shotgun metagenomic sequencing, and is able to successfully recover organisms from across the eubacterial tree of life. Application of 16S Capture to a proof-of-principle case series demonstrated its ability to identify bacterial species that were consistent with histological evidence of infection, even when diagnosis could not be established using conventional broad range bacterial detection assays. 16S Capture provides a novel means for the efficient and sensitive detection of bacteria embedded in human tissues and for specimens containing highly fragmented template DNA.
Weak Evidence Suggests Vegetarian Diets May Be Associated With an Increased Risk of Dental Erosion.

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Vegetarian diet and its possible influence on dental health: A systematic literature review. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. Smits KPJ, Listl S, Jevdjevic M. 2020; 48(1):7-13. Source of Funding No financial support. Type of Study/Design Systematic review with meta-analysis.
Fine Scale Partial Coherent Model Based on lidar Elevation Measurements for GNSS-R Applications

In GNSS-R (Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry) land applications, bistatic scattering occurs in the vicinity of the specular direction, and the scattered waves can include both coherent and incoherent components. A description of land surfaces roughness is required to predict GNSS-R specular scattering. Here we consider roughness on three distinct length scales: a microwave roughness f 1 (x, y) with correlation lengths of ~ 10 centimeters, a coarse scale 30-meter planar topography f 3 (x,y) based on digital elevation model (DEM) data, and a fine scale topography f 2 (X,y) between these two length scales. The fine scale topography represents the length scales in which scattered waves can transition from coherence to partial coherence to incoherence. In this paper, we investigate f 2 (x, y) using recent airborne lidar measurements of land surface heights. Using f = f 1 + f 2 + f 3 , fine scale partial coherent FPCN and FPCP models are applied to predict bistatic scattering coefficients near the specular direction for 30m surface area. Here “fine scale” means the fine scale topography of f 2 (x, y) is included. The model uses complex electric field summation and Monte Carlo simulations within a large area. For non-overlapping large areas, we use intensity summations as in radiative transfer theory. We consider a fine scale partial coherent numerical model (FPCN) that applies numerical integration to the Kirchhoff integral using 2 cm discretization. The fine scale partial coherent patch model (FPCP) uses planar patches o fL size, where L is less than the correlation length of f 2 . Numerical illustrations show that the results of the FPCN and FPCP are in good agreement with each other. Comparisons are also made with geometric optics model (GO) with and without the attenuation factor of microwave roughness.
Sublimation temperature sensor for temperature locale

The sublimation temperature sensor (or “sublime sensor”) provides a continuum of measurement locations in which certain maximum temperatures are achieved during a heat up/cool down cycle. A predetermined material is encapsulated within a vacuum-sealed, non-volatile long tube (i.e., both ends capped and L ≫ D). This assembly is then inserted and centered into a heated zone, such as a furnace, exhaust pipe, or reactor. As the temperature increases, the material will sublimate (i.e., a process of having both the solid and gaseous states of matter simultaneously present) and will begin to fill the void—moving outward in both directions toward the ends of the tube. Once beyond the elevated temperatures, the gas will de-sublimate (i.e., deposition) onto the inner wall of the tube. The desired result of the sensor is the ring of material that develops over a relatively short period of time. This material deposit can be equated with temperature at an exact location. There is no need to interpolate and/or extrapolate for the desired measurement. Accuracy has been recorded for temperature locations on the range of ±2 mm over a 1 m span. Likewise, the precision of the measurement is ±0.2% the overall sensor domain. Furthermore, individual tubes with unique materials and pressures can be bundled together to provide a complete temperature profile of the heated zone.
Reflagging foreign-flag vessels to U.S. flag: past, present, future

The Coast Guard has provided to the marine industry guidelines for establishing equivalence to U.S. safety requirements when reflagging foreign-flag vessels to U.S. flag. Because these guidelines were published in Navigation and Vessel Inspection Circular form, they were easily updated when changes in the process became necessary. The studies on material equivalence and SOLAS fire extinguishing systems and the recent efforts to incorporate SOLAS 74, as amended, in the guidelines demonstrate the Coast Guard's willingness to facilitate the reflagging process, provided vessel safety is not sacrificed. In the future, the Coast Guard will continue to work with the marine industry to make the reflagging process as smooth as possible while maintaining the historically high safety standards of the U.S. merchant fleet.
A Coherent Picture of the Innermost Parsec of the Galaxy

This review attempts to provide a framework within which recent radio and infrared results related to the inner parsec of the Galaxy can be interpreted. The unifying theme is the outflow from the Galactic center. This wind arises predominantly from the IRS 16 complex which lies within 1" of a massive black hole candidate. We present compelling morphological and, in some cases, kinematic evidence for the interaction of this outflow i) with a mass-losing supergiant, known as IRS 7, located within the inner light year of the dynamical center of the Galaxy, ii) with the continuous flow of ionized gas associated with Sgr A West which is orbiting the Galactic center, iii) with t he massive black hole candidate which is thought to be coincident with a nonthermal compact radio source, known as Sgr A*, and iv) with the circumnuclear molecular disk which engulfs the inner few parsecs of the Galactic center.
Workplace diversity: developing a win‐win‐win strategy

Purpose – The purpose if this paper is to alert readers that successful application of workforce diversity only happens with proper evaluation and in‐depth guidance: by treating diversity as an end onto itself and not merely as a means toward an end.Design/methodology/approach – This is a review paper, first commenting on common mistakes companies make in applying workforce diversity. It offers some attention points for implementing diversity in the right way, and reviews some implications for organizational learning strategies if they decide to take the here‐discussed approach to diversity.Findings – The paper finds that diversity as a topic earns more attention today than it has ever received before, and the reasons are easily understandable: global migration is increasing; the internet is enabling communication on a worldwide scale; and business leaders are continuously in search for less expensive resources and lower wages to pay. All these trends result in progressively diversified workforces locally...
Family Structure Variations and Intimate Relationships of the Children Involved

One hundred sixty-six unmarried college students from continuously intact families, terminated parental cohabiting unions, and divorced homes participated in the current study. Participants from terminated parental cohabitating unions and parental divorced homes differed in their experiences with parental absence. Differences were also found across all three groups for dating behaviors and relationship attitudes. Participants from cohabiting unions were the youngest at their first crush, had more dating partners, more cohabiting relationships, more of a desire to end their current relationship, more positive attitudes about cohabitation and out-of-wedlock births, and more negative attitudes regarding marriage than the other two groups. Regression analyses were used to explain the dating behaviors and relationship attitudes of participants from terminated parental cohabiting unions and divorced homes with the model being more predictive of participants from cohabiting unions.
Property Rights and the Dynamics of North-South Trade

This chapter focuses on how the lack of property rights in North-South trade of primary resources can distort trade and threaten the sustainability of development. This issue is examined within a two-region world economy where one region, the North, represents the industrial countries, and the other, the South, the developing countries. The lack of property rights characterizes a class of environmental problems arising from the use of renewable resources as inputs in the production of traded goods. Typical examples are rain forests used for timber, or destroyed to give way to the production of cash crops such as coffee, sugar, and palm oil. In many developing countries, these resources are extracted from unregulated common property sources; and that ownership is shared with future generations. Focus is placed on renewable resources because it CBR be argued that sustainable development is all about the proper management of the world`s renewable resources. The atmosphere can be Considered a renewable or self-regenerating resource, as are bodies of water, forests, fisheries, and biodiversity in general. To a great extent, the Global environment is described by the dynamics of the productive use of the earth's renewable resources.
Dynamic behavior of printed wiring boards: increasing board stiffness by optimizing support locations

This paper is concerned with the dynamic behavior of printed wiring boards. A method to determine the optimal locations of supports for this class of structures is presented. Then, an example to emphasize the importance of choosing the supports wisely is discussed. >
Influence of intraluminal pH on folate absorption: studies in control subjects and in patients with pancreatic insufficiency.

Abstract We have investigated the significance and mechanism of intraluminal pH effects on folate absorption in vivo and in vitro, with emphasis on patients with pancreatic insufficiency. Serum folic acid levels in patients with pancreatic insufficiency were normal or high. Tests of intestinal absorption of 3 H-PteGlu in these patients revealed that they had a greater absorption of folate than did controls (77% ± 6 vs. 56% ± 4; p
Metabarcoding as a tool for investigating arthropod diversity in Nepenthes pitcher plants

The biodiversity of tropical forests consists primarily of small organisms that are difficult to detect and characterize. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods can facilitate analyses of these arthropod and microbial communities,leadingtoabetterunderstandingofexistingdiversityandfactorsinfluencingcommunityassembly.The pitchers of carnivorous pitcher plants often house surprisingly discrete communities and provide ideal systems for analysis using an NGS approach.The plants digest insects in order to access essential nutrients while growing in poor soils; however, the pitchers are also home to communities of living organisms, called inquilines. Certain arthropods appear to have coevolved with their pitcher plant hosts and are not found in other environments.We used Illumina amplicon sequencing of 18S rDNA to characterize the eukaryotes in three species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) pitcher plants - N. gracilis, N. rafflesiana and N. ampullaria - in each of three different parks in Singapore.The data reveal an unexpected diversity of eukaryotes, significant differences in community diversity among host species, variationinhostspecificityofinquilinesandthepresenceofgregarineparasites.Countsofwholeinquilinearthropods from the first collection year were roughly correlated with scaled 18S sequence abundances,indicating that amplicon sequencing is an effective means of gauging community structure.We barcoded a subset of the dipteran larvae using COI primers, and the resulting phylogenetic tree is mostly congruent with that found using the 18S locus, with the exception of one of five morphospecies. For many 18S and COI sequences, the best BLASTn matches showed low sequence identity, illustrating the need for better databases of Southeast Asian dipterans. Finally, networks of core arthropods and their host species were used to investigate degree of host specificity across multiple hosts, and this revealed significant specialization of certain arthropod fauna.
Deconstructing Good Times and The Cosby Show In Search of My “Authentic” Black Experience

As countless critics of The Cosby Show (1984-1992) would have us believe, the Huxtable family, as portrayed and envisioned by educator and comedian Bill Cosby, is not the traditional representation of Black family life. For many critics, as well as some Cosby show defenders, the experience depicted by the fictional Huxtable family was the unique experience of too few African Americans at the time; the suggestion is that the family is very wealthy. Contrary to the moral majority, its critics and defenders, I am not from the upper or middle classes like the Huxtable family; however, I identified with The Cosby Show more than with its predecessors, like Good Times (1974-1979). African Americans are no different than any other American group, and therefore, as writer and novelist Wendy Alexia Rountree suggests in her article “‘Faking the Funk’: A Journey Towards Authentic Blackness,” we “should be allowed to develop individual identities that are not considered in conflict with our ethnic group identity but a...
In Memory: Rene A. Ruiz.

The life and professional contributions of Rene A. Ruiz are remembered by family, friends, and colleagues. Ruiz's trailblazing work on Hispanic issues in counseling and psychology places him among the ranks of the true pioneers in the field. His career as a counselor, teacher, writer, and researcher spanned three decades prior to his untimely death in 1982. On December 13, 1982, a heart attack claimed the life of Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences Book Review Editor Rene A. Ruiz at the young age of 53. His death was unexpected as he was in good health. With his death, his friends have lost a witty and charming man of high ideals and moral integrity. (Padilla, 1983, p. 137)
Case study of the March 24, 1976 Elton, Louisiana tornado using satellite infrared imagery, Doppler sounder, rawinsonde, and radar observations

The Elton, Louisiana tornado on March 24, 1976 has been studied using GOES digital infrared data for the growth and collapse of the cloud top, the temperature-height relationship and air mass instability from rawinsonde data, gravity waves from Doppler sounder records, and radar summaries from storm activity during the three-hour time period immediately preceding the touchdown of the tornado. In this case, the overshooting turret collapsed 30 minutes before the tornado touchdown as the eastward moving cloud reached Elton, Louisiana. Results show that the gravity waves were excited by the enhanced convection of the storm penetrating through the tropopause in the 2.5 hour time period before the tornado touched down.
Resistance curve behavior of supertough MgO-partially-stabilized ZrO2

Abstract The fracture mechanics of supertough MgO-partially-stabilized ZrO2 (Mg-PSZ) exhibiting R curve behavior (the fracture resistance being a function of crack extension) is reviewed. In principle, fracture depends on the size of the initial flaw and the slope of the R curve but, because of wake shielding, the R curve depends on the geometry of the fracture mechanics test specimen, i.e. the R curve depends on crack history. The implications of this finding, and other aspects of the mechanical properties of supertough Mg-PSZ, are considered.
An implicit function approach to constrained optimization with applications to asymptotic expansions

In this article, an unconstrained Taylor series expansion is constructed for scalar-valued functions of vector-valued arguments that are subject to nonlinear equality constraints. The expansion is made possible by first reparameterizing the constrained argument in terms of identified and implicit parameters and then expanding the function solely in terms of the identified parameters. Matrix expressions are given for the derivatives of the function with respect to the identified parameters. The expansion is employed to construct an unconstrained Newton algorithm for optimizing the function subject to constraints. Parameters in statistical models often are estimated by solving statistical estimating equations. It is shown how the unconstrained Newton algorithm can be employed to solve constrained estimating equations. Also, the unconstrained Taylor series is adapted to construct Edgeworth expansions of scalar functions of the constrained estimators. The Edgeworth expansion is illustrated on maximum likelihood estimators in an exploratory factor analysis model in which an oblique rotation is applied after Kaiser row-normalization of the factor loading matrix. A simulation study illustrates the superiority of the two-term Edgeworth approximation compared to the asymptotic normal approximation when sampling from multivariate normal or nonnormal distributions.
Physical activity, daily walking, and lower limb lymphedema associate with physical function among uterine cancer survivors.

We sought to quantify the proportion of uterine cancer survivors who self-report poor physical function. We then sought to quantify the association of poor physical function with physical activity (PA), walking, and lower limb lymphedema (LLL), among women with a history of uterine cancer. Physical function was quantified using the Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) questionnaire. PA, walking, and LLL were measured using self-report questionnaire. PA was calculated using metabolic equivalent hours per week (MET-h week−1), and walking was calculated using blocks per day (blocks day−1). Logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI). Among the 213 uterine cancer survivors in our survey (43 % response rate), 35 % self-reported poor physical function. Compared to participants who reported <3.0 MET-h week−1 of PA, participants who reported ≥18.0 MET-h week−1 of PA were less likely to have poor physical function (OR 0.03, 95 % CI 0.01–0.10; P trend < 0.0001). Compared to participants who reported <4.0 blocks day−1 of walking, participants who reported ≥12.0 blocks day−1 of walking were less likely to have poor physical function (OR 0.07, 95 % CI 0.03–0.19; P trend < 0.0001). Compared to participants who did not have LLL, participants with LLL were more likely to have poor physical function (OR 5.25, 95 % CI 2.41–11.41; P < 0.0001). Higher levels of PA and walking associate with a lower likelihood of reporting poor physical function. The presence of LLL associates with a higher likelihood of reporting poor physical function. These findings are hypothesis-generating and should be evaluated in future prospective studies.
Biochemical changes of a muscular dystrophy of mink.

1. Clinical pathologic studies were performed on mink affected with a progressive form of muscular dystrophy. Serum levels of muscle enzymes, including creatine phosphokinase, aldolase, and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, of affected mink were markedly elevated. A significantly increased urinary creatine/creatinine ratio was a consistent finding in the affected mink, and this ratio was usually greater than two for affected mink as compared to a ratio of less than one for nonaffected mink. 2. Marked elevation of muscle enzymes in serum and an increase in the urinary creatine/creatinine excretion ratio are consistent clinical pathologic findings in human amyotonic forms of muscular dystrophy. On the basis of these clinical alterations, the muscular dystrophy of mink appears similar to the amyotonic forms of human muscular dystrophy.