cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Deep LSTM based Approach for Intrusion Detection IoT Devices Network in Smart Home

The technological advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices in our world today has become beneficial to many users but has security issues that are left unattended. IoT devices have the ability to connect to other devices on the internet to transmit and share data from anywhere. Hence, the need to secure these devices as they improve the quality of life comfort. Research shows that about 70% of IoT devices are easy to hack. Therefore, an efficient mechanism is highly needed to safeguard these devices, especially in smart homes. This paper proposes a novel deep learning-based anomaly detection approach to predict cyberattacks on smart home IoT network devices and learn new outliers as they occur over time using IoT network intrusion datasets. The proposed model is based on long-term memory architecture, which achieves a significant accuracy improvement compared to the existing state-of-the-art anomaly detection models for IoT networks in smart homes.
Nonnegative Mixed-Norm Preconditioning for Microscopy Image Segmentation

Image segmentation in microscopy, especially in interference-based optical microscopy modalities, is notoriously challenging due to inherent optical artifacts. We propose a general algebraic framework for preconditioning microscopy images. It transforms an image that is unsuitable for direct analysis into an image that can be effortlessly segmented using global thresholding. We formulate preconditioning as the minimization of nonnegative-constrained convex objective functions with smoothness and sparseness-promoting regularization. We propose efficient numerical algorithms for optimizing the objective functions. The algorithms were extensively validated on simulated differential interference (DIC) microscopy images and challenging real DIC images of cell populations. With preconditioning, we achieved unprecedented segmentation accuracy of 97.9% for CNS stem cells, and 93.4% for human red blood cells in challenging images.
Numerical Modeling of Ductile Tearing Effects on Cleavage Fracture Toughness

Experimental studies demonstrate a significant effect of specimen size, a/W ratio and prior ductile tearing on cleavage fracture toughness values (J{sub c}) measured in the ductile-to-brittle transition region of ferritic materials. In the lower-transition region, cleavage fracture often occurs under conditions of large-scale yielding but without prior ductile crack extension. The increased toughness develops when plastic zones formed at the crack tip interact with nearby specimen surfaces which relaxes crack-tip constraint (stress triaxiality). In the mid-to-upper transition region, small amounts of ductile crack extension (often < 1-2 mm) routinely precede termination of the J-{Delta}a curve by brittle fracture. Large-scale yielding, coupled with small amounts of ductile tearing, magnifies the impact of small variations in microscale material properties on the macroscopic fracture toughness which contributes to the large amount scatter observed in measured J{sub c}-values. Previous work by the authors described a micromechanics fracture model to correct measured J{sub c}-values for the mechanistic effects of large-scale yielding. This new work extends the model to also include the influence of ductile crack extension prior to cleavage. The paper explores development of the new model, provides necessary graphs and procedures for its application and demonstrates the effects of the model on fracture datamore » sets for two pressure vessel steels (A533B and A515).« less
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA PARTICIPAÇÃO DO PAI NO CICLO GRAVÍDICO PUERPERAL: uma revisão bibliográfica

Introducao: Para desenvolver com exito a paternidade o homem precisa aperfeicoar algumas habilidades como autoridade, saber impor-se, oferecer afeto. Hoje os servicos de saude tem enfrentado um grande desafio, incluir o homem na rotina que antes era voltada somente para a mulher. E durante o pre-natal que o pai tem o primeiro contanto com o filho, aproximando-se mais da mulher, facilitando assim um parto e pos-parto considerados adequados. Objetivo: Levantar producoes cientificas sobre a importância da participacao do pai no ciclo gravidico puerperal. Metodologia: A pesquisa foi realizada atraves de revisao bibliografica, buscando artigos publicados na Biblioteca Virtual de Saude (BVS), tendo como base de dados a Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciencias da Saude (LILACS), publicados entre 2007 e 2014, que respondiam a questao norteadora: Quais beneficios ha na insercao do pai no ciclo-gravidico puerperal? Ao final, foram selecionados 13 artigos que compoem este estudo. Resultados e Discussao: A participacao do pai durante o ciclo gravidico-puerperal e de total relevância, trazendo para mulher seguranca e acalmando a mesma, fazendo com que assim ela se sinta mais feliz e tranquila nesse periodo, diminuindo o uso de intervencoes e medicacoes durante o parto, possibilitando dessa forma que ele adquira um maior vinculo com a mae e o bebe. Consideracoes finais: Ressalta-se a importância da participacao do pai em todo ciclo gravidico-puerperal, evidenciando os beneficios que o mesmo traz quando se mostra efetivo, aumentando a seguranca da mulher, reduzindo o tempo de trabalho de parto trazendo assim um vinculo familiar consistente. Descritores: Enfermagem; Pre-Natal; Parto Obstetrico; Paternidade e Puerperio.
Isolated Superior Oblique Tucking: An Effective Procedure for Superior Oblique Palsy with Profound Superior Oblique Underaction

Purpose: To compare efficacy and complications of isolated unilateral superior oblique tucking in patients with unilateral superior oblique palsy (SOP). Method: A retrospective analysis of 24 cases of unilateral SOP, 13 Acquired (group 1), and 11 Congenital (group 2), who underwent isolated unilateral superior oblique tuck over a 13-year period was performed. Results: The mean preoperative vertical deviation in primary gaze was 10 ± 3 PD for group 1 and 12 ± 5 PD for group 2 and mean vertical deviation in lateral gaze of affected superior oblique was 19 ± 5 PD for group 1 and 21 ± 9 PD for group 2. The mean postoperative vertical deviation in primary gaze for group 1 after a mean follow-up period of 15 ± 21 months was 1 ± 3 PD; for group 2 after a mean follow-up period of 17 ± 13 months was 2 ± 3 PD, and in lateral gaze of affected superior oblique was 3 ± 5 PD for group 1 and 5 ± 6 PD for group 2. The mean correction of vertical deviation in primary gaze at last follow-up was 8 ± 2 PD for group 1 and 9 ± 5PD for group 2 ( P > 0.05) and in the lateral gaze field of affected superior oblique muscle was 16 ± 4 PD for group 1 and 15 ± 5 PD for group 2 ( P > 0.05). The mean preoperative torsion was 9 ± 4 degrees for group 1 and 9 ± 2 degrees for group 2; mean postoperative torsion was 1.2 ± 2.2 degrees for group 1 and 1 ± 1 degrees for group 2. The mean torsion corrected for group 1 was 8 ± 3 degrees and for group 2 was 8 ± 2 degrees ( P > 0.05). Only one patient in group 1 and three patients in group 2 required reoperation to correct residual deviation. A mild postoperative limitation to elevation in adduction was seen in all cases but was asymptomatic and lessened over time. Conclusion: Isolated unilateral superior oblique tucking corrected a large amount of the vertical deviation and torsion with minimal complications in selective patients of both congenital and acquired superior oblique palsy. Superior oblique tucking is a safe and effective procedure and can be considered in patients with SOP meeting selective criteria.
Embryonic Neural Inducing Factor Churchill Is not a DNA-binding Zinc Finger Protein: Solution Structure Reveals a Solvent-exposed β-Sheet and Zinc Binuclear Cluster

Churchill is a zinc-containing protein that is involved in neural induction during embryogenesis. At the time of its discovery, it was thought on the basis of sequence alignment to contain two zinc fingers of the C4 type. Further, binding of an N-terminal GST-Churchill fusion protein to a particular DNA sequence was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation selection assay, suggesting that Churchill may function as a transcriptional regulator by sequence-specific DNA binding. We show by NMR solution structure determination that, far from containing canonical C4 zinc fingers, the protein contains three bound zinc ions in novel coordination sites, including an unusual binuclear zinc cluster. The secondary structure of Churchill is also unusual, consisting of a highly solvent exposed single-layer β-sheet. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange and backbone relaxation measurements reveals that Churchill is unusually dynamic on a number of time scales, with the exception of regions surrounding the zinc coordinating sites, which serve to stabilize the otherwise unstructured N-terminus and the single-layer β-sheet. No binding of Churchill to the previously-identified DNA sequence could be detected, and extensive searches using DNA sequence selection techniques could find no other DNA sequence that was bound by Churchill. Since the N-terminal amino acids of Churchill form part of the zinc-binding motif, the addition of a fusion protein at the N-terminus causes loss of zinc and unfolding of Churchill. This observation most likely explains the published DNA-binding results, which would arise due to non-specific interaction of the unfolded protein in the immunoprecipitation selection assay. Since Churchill does not appear to bind DNA, we suggest that it may function in embryogenesis as a protein-interaction factor.
The binding change mechanism for ATP synthase — Some probabilities and possibilities

IV. Protein and synthase structure as related to mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 A. Protein structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 B. F 1 ATPase structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 C. F 0 structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 D. Conformational changes and catalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 E. The uniqueness of the ATP synthase structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
The experimental response of an impacting pendulum system

Abstract This paper presents experimental results obtained from a harmonically excited pendulum system. The pendulum has rigid barriers which limit the amplitude variation from its central position. It is considered in both the normal (downward) position and in the upright (inverted) position. The overall dynamics of the pendulum include impacts with the rigid constraints, and the system response to sinusoidal excitation includes non-impacting motions, stable subharmonics, and chaotic motions. These were experimentally found to occur in the parameter regions predicted by previous analytical work. This system represents an example of a deceptively simple device which can undergo extremely complicated dynamics. For example, the inverted pendulum was found to have 10 distinct possible steady-state responses at a fixed driving amplitude and frequency, each of which was obtained simply by changing the initial conditions. In addition, the normal pendulum was found to be capable of having impacting steady-state dynamics which coexist with the non-impacting steady-state motion predicted from small oscillation theory.
Computer-aided synthesis of polymers and blends with target properties

Synthesis of polymers with desired properties is a challenging task which often involves considerable time and resources. Traditionally, polymer synthesis procedures have involved a trial and error...
Upper mantle oxygen fugacity recorded by spinel lherzolites

The oxygen fugacities ( ) recorded by rocks from the Earth's upper mantle have been the subject of much recent study and controversy1–7. Discussion has been stimulated by reported differences of several orders of magnitude between measurements made by different methods (Fig. 1). Oxygen fugacity is an important parameter because, together with temperature, pressure and composition, controls the petrogenesis of mantle-derived magmas, affects the composition and speciation of mantle fluids, and is an initial input into geochemical models of the evolution of the Earth's crust, mantle and hydrosphere. Here we report the determination of the recorded by upper mantle spinel-lherzolite xenoliths entrained in alkaline magmas. This was done by experimentally calibrating the activity of the Fe3O4 (magnetite) component in MgAl2O4-rich synthetic spinel and applying these data to calculate thermobarometric for the three-phase assemblage livine–orthopyroxene–spinel. Results for appropriate model xenolith compositions, corrected to ISkbar total pressure8 and plotted in temperature– space, fall at or above the synthetic quartz–fayalite–magnetite buffer (Fig. 3). In contrast to earlier studies2,3, we conclude that the shallow upper mantle does not retain an signature of equilibrium with the metallic core, and that gaseous species in the C–H–O system will be dominated by CO2 and H2O (refs 9, 10), rather than CH4 and H2.
Scanning transmission electron microscopy of extracellular annelid hemoglobins

Abstract Micrographs of negatively stained extracellular hemoglobins of Lumbricus terrestris and Arenicola marina obtained with the scanning transmission electron microscope show that their appearance is consistent with a model of two hexagonal tiers of pentagonally shaped subunits. The dimensions are similar: a vertex-to-vertex diameter of 300±8 A and a height of 200±11 A . The diameter of each subunit is about 110 A. These dimensions are markedly larger than those reported previously by other investigators. However, these values are similar to those recently obtained by X-ray diffraction of wet crystals of Lumbricus hemoglobin.
Understanding carpool use by hispanics in Texas

The Hispanic population in Texas has increased numerically faster than any other racial or ethnic group in the past 2 decades. If these trends continue, Texas is likely to become a Hispanic majority state by 2040. Despite this change in the ethnic composition of the state, few have researched the travel behaviors of Hispanics. Logistic regression models and the 2006 American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample for Texas were used to explore carpooling on the journey to work among Hispanics and Hispanic immigrants in comparison with non-Hispanic whites. Influences of socioeconomic, occupational, and geographic characteristics on the propensity to carpool on the journey to work were disaggregated to test if differences in carpooling use between Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites remain. Differences in carpool use based on immigrant status were investigated. It was found that differences in carpool use remain between Hispanic and non-Hispanic whites, even accounting for socioeconomic status, occupati...
Understanding the Hidden Curriculum An Essential Social Skill for Children and Youth with Asperger Syndrome

Children and youth with Asperger Syndrome (AS) manifest social skills problems that can negatively impact their functioning across school, home, and community. One social skills area, the "hidden c...
Succinylated and acetylated concanavalin A activate the classical complement pathway

Abstract Succinylated and acetylated concanavalin A, but not the native lectin, lyse sheep erythrocytes in the presence of guinea pig complement. The effect appears to be specific since succinylated wheat germ agglutinin is inactive and hemolysis is inhibited selectively by α-D-methylglucopyranoside. Hemolytic activity is enhanced by preincubation of succinylated lectin-sensitized cells with complement at 4° and correlates with the number of molecules of the first component of complement bound to cells that were treated with succinylated concanavalin A and then washed.
Narratives and Lives: Women's Health Politics and the Diagnosis of Cancer For Des Daughters

This paper considers how social structure and available cultural discourses are connected to and reflected in narratives by two DES cancer daughters—women who have had vaginal cancer as a result of their prenatal exposure to DES, a drug prescribed to their mothers to prevent miscarriage. In a narrative analysis of in-depth interviews, it shows how the construction of scientific knowledge about DES, and social/political knowledge produced by women's health activists, shaped relationships between DES daughters and their doctors when they were diagnosed with cancer. It locates terrains of power and resistance in their lives, placing them in historically and culturally specific medical and feminist contexts, in order to highlight the presence and play of power in their relationships with and responses to the news of cancer given to them by their doctors. It also explores the joint production of narratives by interviewer and subject, as well as the influence of dominant and emerging discourses on the researcher's and subject's sense making strategies and knowledge production.
Mechanisms of preferential metastasis of breast cancer to bone - (Review)

Breast cancer frequently and preferentially spreads to bone. Once breast cancer colonizes bone, it is essentially incurable. The cellular and molecular mechanisms by which breast cancer selectively metastasizes to bone remain largely unknown. Elucidation of these mechanisms should lead to the development of effective and specific therapeutic strategies for bone metastasis of breast cancer.
The vascular S1P gradient-cellular sources and biological significance.

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a product of sphingomyelin metabolism, is enriched in the circulatory system whereas it is estimated to be much lower in interstitial fluids of tissues. This concentration gradient, termed the vascular S1P gradient appears to form as a result of substrate availability and the action of metabolic enzymes. S1P levels in blood and lymph are estimated to be in the μM range. In the immune system, the S1P gradient is needed as a spatial cue for lymphocyte and hematopoietic cell trafficking. During inflammatory reactions in which enhanced vascular permeability occurs, a burst of S1P becomes available to its receptors in the extravascular compartment, which likely contributes to the tissue reactions. Thus, the presence of the vascular S1P gradient is thought to contribute to physiological and pathological conditions. From an evolutionary perspective, S1P receptors may have co-evolved with the advent of a closed vascular system and the trafficking paradigms for hematopoietic cells to navigate in and out of the vascular system.
Core groups: System abstractions for extending the dynamic range of client devices using heterogeneous cores

Abstract Mobile devices and applications exhibit highly diverse behavior in their usage and power/performance requirements. In order to accommodate such diversity, this paper presents ‘HeteroMates’ system that uses heterogeneous processors to extend the dynamic power/performance range of client devices, i.e., offer both high performance and reduced power consumption. It proposes core group abstraction that groups a small number of heterogeneous cores to form a single execution unit. Group heterogeneity is exposed as multiple heterogeneity (H) states , an interface similar to the P-state interface already used for frequency scaling. Further, the core group abstraction is extended to a multicore group to allow multiple cores within a group to be active concurrently. Also demonstrated is the importance of ‘uncore’ power in total SoC power consumption and the need for uncore-aware operation and uncore power scalability when seeking to extend a platform's dynamic power/performance range using heterogeneity. Experimental evaluations use real-world client applications and a unique experimental testbed comprised of heterogeneous cores and a shared uncore component. Results show that HeteroMates can provide significant performance improvements while also lowering energy consumption for a diverse set of applications when compared to homogeneous processor configurations.
Photoplethysmographic evaluation of the relationship between skin reflectance and skin blood volume

Although photoplethysmography can be used successfully to determine venous recovery time, it cannot be used in tests which rely on a determination of the blood volume change (e.g. maximum venous outflow). In seeking an explanation for this inadequacy it was shown that although the photoplethysmograph is able to indicate changes in reflectance, it is incapable of measuring reflectance, per se; information which is essential for an accurate calculation of venous volume decrease. A minor modification of the system enables relative reflectance measurements to be made. Measurements were performed under in vitro conditions to establish the skin-reflectance/skin-blood volume relationship; photon diffusion theory is then used to describe the skin-reflectance/skin-blood volume relationship and to determine the scattering and absorption coefficients of skin and whole blood.
Fine mapping of BH1, a gene controlling lemma and palea development in rice.

A new rice floral organ mutant bh1 , had a negative effect on grain yield. BH1 was fine mapped to 87.5 kb on chr2. A 55 kb chromosome segment was deleted in bh1. The cereal spikelet is enclosed by the lemma and palea. The lemma and palea of the floral mutant designated bh1, a selection from a T-DNA library generated from the rice cultivar Asominori, takes on an abnormal curve-shaped appearance only late in floral development, finally forming a beak-shaped hull. The mutation had a negative effect on thousand grain weight, seed set rate and germination rate. Genetic analysis indicated that the mutant phenotype was determined by a single recessive gene. Through map-based approach, BH1 gene was finally located to a ~87.5-kbp region on the long arm of chromosome 2. An analysis of the gene content of this region indicated that the mutation involves the loss of a 55-kbp stretch, harboring four open reading frames. Transcription profiling based on qRT-PCR revealed that the genes OsMADS1, OsMADS14, OsMADS15, OsMADS18, REP1, CFO1, and DL, all of which are also involved in lemma and palea development and identity specification, were down-regulated in the bh1 mutant. BH1 is therefore an important floral organ development gene.
Post-transcriptional Control of Cited2 by Transforming Growth Factor β REGULATION VIA SMADS AND CITED2 CODING REGION

Cited2 is a transcription factor without typical DNA binding domains. Cited2 interacts with cAMP-responsive element-binding protein-binding protein (CBP)/p300, TFAP2, Lhx2, and nuclear receptors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and estrogen receptor to function as a transcriptional modulator. Overexpression of Cited2 in Rat1 cells leads to tumor formation in nude mice, suggesting that Cited2 is a transforming gene. Through microarray analysis, Cited2 was found to be down-regulated by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β) in various cell lines. In this study, we confirmed that both mRNA and protein levels of Cited2 are down-regulated in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Overexpression of Smad7 or knockdown of Smad4 in MDA-MB-231 cells showed that the Smad pathway is involved in the down-regulation of Cited2. Based on nuclear run-on analysis and Cited2 promoter/reporter assay, Cited2 transcription was not affected by TGF-β, supporting that down-regulation of Cited2 by TGF-β is most likely through post-transcriptional regulation. By using transcriptional inhibitors, we demonstrated that the turnover of Cited2 transcripts appears to be accelerated during TGF-β stimulation. Pharmacologic inhibition of translation with cycloheximide attenuated Cited2 down-regulation by TGF-β. We examined the expression of recombinant Cited2 gene introduced into MDA-MB-231 cells by stable transfection, and we found that mRNA containing the Cited2 protein-coding region controlled by a heterologous promoter indeed responds to TGF-β-mediated down-regulation. Study from Cited2 deletion mutants showed that the C-terminal conserved region of Cited2 coding sequence is essential for the down-regulation. This is the first demonstration that TGF-β-mediated down-regulation of Cited2 is post-transcriptional, through the Smad pathway, and requires the presence of its coding sequence.
Medication beliefs and perceived barriers in adolescent renal transplant patients and their parents

Understanding patient beliefs about medications and perceived barriers is important for optimal medical management. Differentiating adolescent views from parents’ perceptions would enhance care by increasing communication about regimens and reducing obstacles. This study explored beliefs about medications and perceived barriers among 40 adolescent kidney transplant patients and their parents. Younger adolescents reported greater concern about medication harmfulness (t(38) = 2.190, p < 0.05) and more barriers, particularly for practical problems including forgetfulness, organization, and coordination (t(38) = 2.049, p < 0.05). Fathers with a lower education reported their children having greater challenges with medications due to taste and size (t(37) = 2.933, p < 0.01). Families with incomes in the low and high levels expressed that their children need more medication reminders (F (2, 35) = 7.815, p < 0.005), and adolescents from lower-income families perceived medication to be more harmful (F (2, 36) = 3.815, p < 0.05). Adolescents expressed challenges with practical aspects of medication taking, whereas parents were more focused on medications being necessary for their health. Adolescent renal patients experience challenges to medication management that may differ from their parents, findings that can help tailor interventions to improve medication management.
Mineral metabolism and microstructural defects in primate teeth.

There are numerous structural defects that occur in primate teeth due to variable calcification during certain growth stages. These interruptions are usually areas of hypomineralization in enamel and dentin which are referred to as Striae of Retzius and Hunter Shreger bands in the enamel or Incremental Lines of von Ebner and Contour Lines of Owen in the case of the dentin. The frequency of occurrence of these variations in mineralization can be related to such factors as growth tempo, dietary quality, state of health, and past disease episodes. Another structure that appears in the dentin is a region that fails to calcify and is referred to as Inter-globular Dentin. Our studies have shown that the microstructural quality of different species' dentition varies widely. Samples obtained from certain free-ranging cercopithecoids show that these species have the least hypomineralizations while man has the most. Other primate species range between these two extremes with the pongids nearer to man in these characteristics, as previously noted by Sognnaes. Additionally, our initial study shows a great deal of diversity between prehistoric human populations in the microstructural quality of their teeth. We offer the tentative explanation that this variation is due to differences in the calcifying properties of the diet and hence a difference in the general state of their health.
Bogomol'nyi explained

Abstract Topological solitons often satisfy Bogomol'nyi bounds, relating their energy and topological charge. We present a general argument explaining why such bounds exist. We also explain why solitons which saturate such bounds satisfy first-order Bogomol'nyi equations, and we give a procedure for obtaining those Bogomol'nyi equations.
Studies of the effects of spherulin from Coccidioides immitis on human polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes

The effects of spherule lysate (spherulin) on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function was examined. PMN adherence to glass and capping was increased by spherulin, findings which may account for spherulin's interference with complement-mediated migration through cellulose ester filters. In contrast, PMN attachment to yeast, killing of bacteria, and effects on spherules were virtually unaffected by spherulin, suggesting that it does not directly inhibit PMN antimicrobial function.
ANTHROPOMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF NEONATES USING MULTIPLE SKIN FOLD MEASUREMENTS

Skin fold thickness is used to assess the amount of total body fat in children. The sum of skin fold thickness measurements at 8 sites (SSFT) was obtained in 72 infants within 72 hours of birth. Gestational age (GA), ranging from 30 to 42 weeks, was determined from the mother's last menstrual period and by Dubowitz scores. Infants were included in the study only if the two methods agreed within one week of each other. Patients were divided into SGA, AGA and LGA categories. SSFT increased linearly (r=+.93) from 30 to 42 wks. gestation in 52 AGA infants: SSFT in six out of seven SGA infants were below the range of SSFT for AGA infants of the sane gestational age. SSFT in 13 term LGA infants (GA=38-42 weeks) fell into two groups. A clinically non-obese LGA group (8 of 13) showed SSFT overlap with their large AGA counterparts and were distinguished only by weight. The second LGA group (5 of 13) appeared clinically obese. The X±SEM of SSFT's of the second group (48.7±1.1mm) was significantly (p<.001) higher than for the first LGA group (33.0±1.2mm). SSFT can be used to separate LGA infants into two categories, one obese and one non-obese.
Photochemical production of carbon monoxide in authentic rainwater

Carbon monoxide (CO) was rapidly formed when rainwater samples were exposed to sunlight or light from a solar simulator. The initial photoformation rate of CO for rainwater samples collected in Miami, FL ranged from 22 nM/h to 200 nM/h at summer clear-day-noon time. The initial CO formation rate was also strongly correlated with the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon in rainwaters. This correlation indicates that dissolved organic matter is the major substrate for the photochemical production of CO in atmospheric liquids. Carbonyl compounds are suggested to be an important species in the photochemical production of CO in atmospheric waters. When assuming the global average concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of 2.0 mg liter -1 , the global photoproduction rate of CO in atmospheric liquid-phase is estimated to be of the order of 200-300 Tg per year, which is about 10% of the total global CO emissions from all sources. This newly found source of CO can significantly influence the redox chemistry in the atmosphere, particularly in cloud droplets and in the surrounding air.
Using Mentoring Enactment Theory to Explore the Doctoral Student–Advisor Mentoring Relationship

The purposes of this study were (a) to develop a new measure to assess doctoral advisees' use of relational maintenance behaviors with their advisors, and (b) to examine both advisees' (n = 636) and advisors' (n = 141) perceptions of their mentoring relationship using mentoring enactment theory (MET; Kalbfleisch, 2002). The results of principal-component analyses, confirmatory factor analyses, Pearson correlations, and a MANOVA indicate that advisees and advisors have similar perceptions of what behaviors advisees engage in to maintain their mentoring relationships. These behaviors are appreciation, tasks, protection, courtesy, humor, and goals. In support of MET, positive relationships were generally found between advisees' use of relational maintenance behaviors and advisors' provision of career support and psychosocial support in both the advisee and the advisor samples. However, these relationships were generally not found when conducting dyadic data analyses. Moreover, advisees' use of relational mai...
Use of bretylium tosylate as prophylaxis and treatment in hypothermic ventricular fibrillation in the canine model.

We conducted a study to determine if bretylium tosylate (BT) is effective in the prophylaxis and treatment of hypothermic ventricular fibrillation (VF) in the setting of various maneuvers thought to induce this lethal arrhythmia. Twenty-two mongrel dogs were cooled to 24 C after being placed in a cold room. At 24 C, a double-blinded placebo or BT solution was infused. The dogs then were removed from the cold. They underwent the following sequential maneuvers: oral endotracheal extubation and intubation, central line and nasogastric tube placement, vigorous movement, and Swan-Ganz catheter insertion. If VF ensued, arterial blood gases were drawn, and BT was given only if refractory to countershock and epinephrine. Of the dogs that were given placebo, six of 11 (55%) fibrillated with manipulation, as compared with one of 11 (9%) dogs pretreated with BT (P = .067). Three of the 11 dogs that received BT fibrillated within minutes of its infusion. In the placebo dogs that fibrillated, four required BT and two defibrillated with countershock alone or with epinephrine prior to achieving stable rhythms.
THE BEHAVIOR OF THE SCIENTIST: EPISTEMOLOGICAL TOOLS SCIENCE-MAKERS USE AND GAMES THEY PLAY

Because making science is inescapably a special class of behaviors by people thereby called scientists, then a science of science inevitably will involve behaviorism. Behaviorism advises us always to look for the relevant reinforcers; and science behaviors apparently are often reinforced by the discovery of truth-as scientists define it, and often by the accomplishment of usefulness-as society defines it. This paper discusses some responses that scientists have in common, and some contingencies which control the behavior of scientists.
Laboratory study of dust palliative effectiveness

Three different aggregate types were treated with water and two commercially available dust palliatives and tested in the laboratory to quantify their resistance to erosion by wind and traffic. Treated and untreated specimens were subjected to a simulated wind velocity of 32 KM/h in a wind tunnel to examine resistance to wind erosion. In a second test, different specimens were subjected to up to 1,500 simulated traffic applications to measure resistance to traffic erosion. Material and environmental variables considered in the testing program include curing temperature, curing period, palliative concentration, and application rate. Results obtained confirm that dust palliatives can significantly reduce erosion of low-volume unpaved roads and that the effectiveness of a particular palliative depends on soil type, traffic loads, and environmental conditions. A parametric study was also conducted to establish palliative selection criteria. The laboratory testing program developed and the selection criteria identified can be used as a decision-making tool to select an effective dust palliative for a particular soil type and environment.
Bayes' Theorem for Choquet Capacities

We give an upper bound for the posterior probability of a measurable set $A$ when the prior lies in a class of probability measures $\mathscr{P}$. The bound is a rational function of two Choquet integrals. If $\mathscr{P}$ is weakly compact and is closed with respect to majorization, then the bound is sharp if and only if the upper prior probability is 2-alternating. The result is used to compute bounds for several sets of priors used in robust Bayesian inference. The result may be regarded as a characterization of 2-alternating Choquet capacities.
Characteristics of Arctic synoptic activity, 1952–1989

Synoptic activity for the Arctic is examined for the period 1952–1989 using the National Meteorological Center sea level pressure data set. Winter cyclone activity is most common near Iceland, between Svalbard and Scandinavia, the Norwegian and Kara seas, Baffin Bay and the eastern Canadian Arctic Archipelago; the strongest systems are found in the Iceland and Norwegian seas. Mean cyclone tracks, prepared for 1975–1989, confirm that winter cyclones most frequently enter the Arctic from the Norwegian and Barents seas. Winter anticyclones are most frequent and strongest over Siberia and Alaska/Yukon, with additional frequency maxima of weaker systems found over the central Arctic Ocean and Greenland. During summer, cyclonic activity remains common in the same regions as observed for winter, but increases over Siberia, the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and the Central Aretic, related to cyclogenesis over northern parts of Eurasia and North America. Eurasian cyclones tend to enter the Aretic Ocean from the Laptev Sea eastward to the Chukchi Sea, augmenting the influx of systems from the Norwegian and Barents seas. The Siberian and Alaska/Yukon anticyclone centers disappear, with anticyclone maxima forming over the Kara, Laptev, East Siberian and Beaufort seas, and southeastward across Canada. Summer cyclones and anticyclones exhibit little regional variability in mean central pressure, and are typically 5–10 mb weaker than their winter counterparts. North of 65°N, cyclone and anticyclone activity peaks curing summer, and is at a minimum during winter. Trends in cyclone and anticyclone activity north of 65°N are examined through least squares regression. Since 1952, significant positive trends are found for cyclone numbers during winter, spring and summer, and for anticyclone numbers during spring, summer and autumn.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced CHOP activation mediates the down-regulation of leptin in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells treated with the oxysterol 27-hydroxycholesterol

Epidemiological studies have suggested an inverse relationship between the adipocytokine leptin and the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and leptin supplementation decreases amyloid-β (Aβ) production and tau phosphorylation (p-tau), two major biochemical events that play a key role in the pathogenesis of AD. We have previously shown that the cholesterol oxidized product 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) inhibits leptin expression, an effect that correlated with increased levels of Aβ and p-tau. We have also shown that 27-OHC induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a cellular response that is implicated in AD and confers leptin resistance. However the extent to which ER stress is involved in 27-OHC-induced attenuation in leptin expression has not been determined. In this study we determined the involvement of ER stress in the 27-OHC-induced attenuation of leptin expression in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. We demonstrate that 27-OHC-induced ER stress attenuates leptin expression by activating C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP) which negatively regulates C/EBPα, a transcription factor required for leptin expression. The molecular chaperone 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) precludes 27-OHC-evoked ER stress and down-regulation of leptin. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the activation of the transcription factor CHOP in response to ER stress is pivotal in the attenuation of leptin expression as knocking-down CHOP alleviates the attenuation in leptin expression. Our study implicates ER stress as the mechanistic link in the 27-OHC-induced negative regulation of leptin, a hormone that has potential therapeutic effects in AD by reducing Aβ and phosphorylated tau accumulation.
Rat atrial natriuretic factor: isolation, structure and biological activities of four major peptides.

Four peptides possessing both natriuretic activity and smooth muscle relaxant activity were isolated from rat atrium and their amino acid sequences determined. The four peptides designated ANF-I, ANF-II, ANF-III and ANF-IV containing 35, 31, 30 and 25 amino acid residues, respectively, were obtained in a molar ratio of 4:60:20:16. The predominant species ANF-II, which may represent the native form of ANF, has the following sequence: (H2N)-G-P-R-S-L-R-R-S-S-C-F-G-G-R-I-D-R-I-G-A-Q-S-G-L-G-C-N-S-F-R-Y-(COOH) in which Cys-10 and Cys-26 are disulfide linked. Cleavage of the aspartyl linkage at position 16 by staphylococcal protease caused complete inactivation, indicating that the ring conformation is essential. The dose-response relationships determined for the four pepdides in relaxing norepinephrine-induced contraction of rabbit thoracic aorta showed half-maximum relaxation at concentrations ranging from 1.5 × 10−9 to 2.5 × 10−9 M. Comparable dose-response relationships were observed in relaxation of carbacol-induced contraction of chick rectum strips as tested with ANF-II and ANF-IV.
Aging Human Circadian Rhythms: Conventional Wisdom May Not Always Be Right:

This review discusses the ways in which the circadian rhythms of older people are different from those of younger adults. After a brief discussion of clinical issues, the review describes the conventional wisdom regarding age-related changes in circadian rhythms. These can be summarized as four assertions regarding what happens to people as they get older: 1) the amplitude of their circadian rhythms reduces, 2) the phase of their circadian rhythms becomes earlier, 3) their natural free-running period (tau) shortens, and 4) their ability to tolerate abrupt phase shifts (e.g., from jet travel or night work) worsens. The review then discusses the empirical evidence for and against these assertions and discusses some alternative explanations. The conclusions are that although older people undoubtedly have earlier circadian phases than younger adults, and have more trouble coping with shift work and jet lag, evidence for the assertions about rhythm amplitude and tau are, at best, mixed.
Rational points on elliptic curves with complex multiplication by the ring of integers in Q(√−7)

Abstract Let Ed be the elliptic curve y2 = x3 + 21dx2 + 112d2x with complex multiplication by the ring of integers in Q (√−7). Let φ be the inverse Mellin transform of L(E1, s). We construct weight 3 2 cusp forms gθ28 = Σanqn and hθ14 = Σbnqn, which are sent to φ by the Shimura correspondence. We can then calculate L(Ed, 1) in terms of ad or bd. As a consequence, the set of rational points on Ed is finite if d ≡ 1(4) and ad ≠ 0 or if d ≡ 2 or 3(4) and bd ≠ 0.
The institution of pleasure: From display to environment at the Berlin Lunapark

ABSTRACTTaking the Berlin Lunapark (opened in 1911) as a case study, this article proposes that the modern amusement park offered a different organization of pleasure than the sites of festival and leisure that had preceded it. Rather than an aesthetics of exhibition or display, which characterized fairground amusements and world's fairs of the nineteenth century, the amusement park offered a popular art of environment. The Berlin Lunapark drew on the display practices of both these institutions, but integrated them into an overall logic of artificial environments. In the environmental attractions of the park, bodily discipline — the insertion and adaptation of the park-goer into a variety of artificially produced environments — plays a crucial role as the condition of pleasure, rather than its taming or restriction. Environmental attractions mimic the process of subjection within disciplinary spaces of modernity, converting their sensory excesses into pleasure. While there is extensive scholarship on the...
delta -doped FET with sidewall source and drain by atomic layer epitaxy

Summary form only given. The DC and RF performance of planar doped FET devices degrades severely due to parasitic source and drain excess resistances. The authors report a novel approach to reducing these parasitic resistances based on sidewall growth of source and drain using atomic layer epitaxy (ALE). The delta -doped structures were first etched to remove the undoped regions under the source and drain areas, followed by ALE sidewall regrowth at 450 degrees C. The regrown ALE GaAs film is 500 AA thick and has ten planes of Se atoms with equivalent carrier concentrations of 2*10/sup 19//cm/sup 3/. ALE allows the uniform regrowth of the sidewalls, since it proceeds at a monolayer/cycle irrespective of the orientation of the etched structure. The grown layer thus makes a direct contact to the channel of the delta -doped FET and reduces both R/sub s/ and R/sub D/. The performances of delta -doped FETs with the same ALE contacting layers were compared for both etched and nonetched structures. Even with nonalloyed sidewall source and drain contacts, the excess source and drain resistances were reduced by 30-40%. >
On high creep activation energies for dispersion strengthened metals

Creep studies on dispersion strengthened metals have often resulted in inexplicably high creep activation energies and high stress exponents. An analysis is presented which shows that the contribution of the temperature dependent elastic modulus to the apparent activation energy can be very large. Two cases are examined in which the difference between the apparent activation energy and the activation energy of self diffusion is almost entirely accounted for by the contribution of the temperature dependent elastic modulus. The modulus correction is particularly important at high temperatures and for materials with high stress exponents.
SwordFight: Exploring Phone-to-Phone Motion Games

A novel class of phone-to-phone mobile-motion games aims to achieve a level of physical interactivity comparable to Wii or Kinect games but without relying on an external infrastructure. The key underlying technology in these new mobile-motion games is a real-time phone-to-phone distance measurement substrate the authors developed 2014; the Fast, Accurate, and Robust (FAR) localization system. The system enables two potentially fast-moving phones to keep accurate distance estimates. To practically demonstrate the system's ability to enable novel gaming concepts, they developed SwordFight, a prototype mobile-motion game.
Quality signals in information cascades and the dynamics of the distribution of motion picture box office revenues

Abstract The movies are an ideal testing ground for information cascade models. One can observe the dynamics of box office revenues from the `opening’ to the end of the run. To study the possibility that information cascades occur in the movies one has to incorporate the fact that agents can observe box office revenues (as reported on the evening news) and communicate `word of mouth’ information about the quality of the movies they have seen. One must consider many movies rather than the mere two choices assumed in information cascade models. We develop an agent-based model of information cascades with these extensions. Our objective is to see if the conclusions of information cascade models hold with these extensions (they do not) and to see if the agent-based model can capture the features of the motion picture box office revenues (it does).