cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MEKC DETERMINATION OF GUAIFENESIN, PSEUDOEPHEDRINE, AND DEXTROMETHORPHAN IN A CAPSULE DOSAGE FORM

A MEKC method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of guaifenesin (GF), pseudoephedrine (PE), and dextromethorphan (DM) in capsule dosage form using 50 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) added to a pH 8.5 100mM Tris run buffer at a voltage of 25 kV. The method utilized UV detection at 220nm and a 72 cm × 50 μm i.d. uncoated fused-silica capillary. The detection limits for GF, PE and DM were 1000, 500, and 500 ng/mL, respectively for a 5 s injection. The calibration curves were linear over ranges of 100–1000 μg/mL, 15–150 μg/mL and 5–50 μg/mL for guaifenesin, pseudoephedrine and dextro-methorphan, respectively, with sodium benzoate (SB) as internal standard. Coefficients of determination were greater than 0.9989 (n = 12). Precision and accuracy of the method were 0.60–2.18% and 0.44–4.20%, respectively for GF, 1.62–3.15% and 0.33–2.98%, respectively for PE, and 0.19–4.36% and 1.77–6.92%, respectively for DM. In comparison to high-performance liquid chromatography, the MEKC method is simple, c...
QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF THE RED BLOOD CELL AGGLUTINATION TEST FOR INFLUENZA VIRUS.

A detailed study has been made of the nature of the variables inherent in the chicken red cell agglutination test for influenza virus in an effort to obtain a method of measurement of biological activity of sufficient accuracy that it might be employed as a reliable index of chemical purity of preparations of the virus. It was found that the temperature at which the test is conducted has a marked effect on the titer, whereas within the range of pH 6–8 the pH has a negligible effect. It was also found that a variation in results may be encountered due to a variation in the specific behavior of red cells from different chickens and to an instability of the red cells themselves. Preparations of purified influenza virus held at 4°C., on the other hand, were found to be stable with respect to chicken red cell agglutinating activity for several months. This fact, together with the fact that in duplicate measurements upon different samples the accuracy was such that the chances were 19 out of 20 that differences of 8.4 per cent in the mean end points were significant, made it possible to establish a reproducible standard of CCA activity based on a unit weight of purified virus material. As a result, it was possible to devise a standardized procedure for carrying out with high accuracy quantitative measurements of influenza virus.
Possible Microfossils found in the Roraima Formation in British Guiana

AFTER many years of speculation the Roraima Formation of British Guiana has now been found by McDougall et al.1 and Snelling2 to be not younger than Lower Proterozoic. The Formation is, therefore, of considerably greater antiquity than had been supposed and, in consequence, there is heightened interest in presumed microfossils which have been recently discovered in it. The tabular Roraima Formation has a total thickness in British Guiana in excess of 7,000 ft. (ref. 3) and consists of generally horizontal, dominantly arenaceous sediments. It forms the Pakaraima Mountains of the mid-western region of the country and also extends over considerable adjacent areas in Venezuela and Brazil, covering some 175,000 square miles in all.
Isolation of Arabidopsis mutants lacking components of acquired thermotolerance.

Acquired thermotolerance is a complex physiological phenomenon that enables plants to survive normally lethal temperatures. This study characterizes the temperature sensitivity of Arabidopsis using a chlorophyll accumulation bioassay, describes a procedure for selection of acquired thermotolerance mutants, and provides the physiological characterization of one mutant (AtTS02) isolated by this procedure. Exposure of etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings to 48°C or 50°C for 30 min blocks subsequent chlorophyll accumulation and is eventually lethal. Arabidopsis seedlings can be protected against the effects of a 50°C, 30-min challenge by a 4-h pre-incubation at 38°C. By the use of the milder challenge, 44°C for 30 min, and protective pretreatment, mutants lacking components of the acquired thermotolerance system were isolated. Putative mutants isolated by this procedure exhibited chlorophyll accumulation levels (our measure of acquired thermotolerance) ranging from 10% to 98% of control seedling levels following pre-incubation at 38°C and challenge at 50°C. The induction temperatures for maximum acquired thermotolerance prior to a high temperature challenge were the same in AtTS02 and RLD seedlings, although the absolute level of chlorophyll accumulation was reduced in the mutant. Genetic analysis showed that the loss of acquired thermotolerance in AtTS02 was a recessive trait. The pattern of proteins synthesized at 25°C and 38°C in the RLD and AtTS02 revealed the reduction in the level of a 27-kD heat shock protein in AtTS02. Genetic analysis showed that the reduction of this protein level was correlated with the acquired thermotolerance phenotype.
Mobility of electrons in bulk GaN and Al x Ga 1-x N/GaN heterostructures

The room-temperature drift mobility of electrons in the channel of a ${\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{N}/\mathrm{G}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{N}$ field-effect transistor associated with scattering by optical and acoustic phonons is calculated as a function of areal density taking into account the two-mode nature of the alloy and half-space and interface modes. It is found that the two-dimensional (2D) mobility is significantly greater than the bulk mobility and this means that the mobility goes through a maximum as a function of density corresponding to a transition from bulk to 2D transport. A simple model is used to describe the transition from bulk to 2D transport as the electron density increased. It is shown that for the structure considered the mobility at 300 K goes through a weak maximum at about 2000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/V s at a density of about $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{12} {\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ dropping to about 1300 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/V s at ${10}^{13} {\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}.$ Results for the Hall factor and for the temperatures 77 and 600 K are also obtained. The contribution made by interface-roughness scattering is also discussed.
The absorption of tricalcium phosphate and its acute metabolic effects.

The use of calcium (Ca) supplements by postmenopausal women is growing rapidly. A commercial preparation of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) is available in the USA. Depending on the relative absorption of Ca versus phosphate, a rise in serum phosphorus (P) could stimulate parathyroid hormone (iPTH) secretion. We therefore compared Ca absorption and the metabolic responses following TCP to that of Ca carbonate (CC) on separate occasions in each of 10 women, aged 22–40 years. The subjects were fasted overnight for 12 hours while good hydration was maintained. Following a 2-hour baseline-urine collection, 1200 mg calcium (as CC or TCP) was ingested and two 2-hour postload urine collections were made. Blood was drawn at 1, 2, and 4 hours after the Ca load. Serum (S) and urine (U) Ca, P, and creatinine, and U cyclic AMP (cAMP) were determined. iPTH levels following TCP were also measured. Ca absorption was determined by the postload rise in Uca above baseline. Uca excretion increased significantly and was accompanied by significant rises in Sca after both preparations. Following TCP, S and U phosphorus increased. Urinary cAMP did not change after either preparation, and iPTH levels fell after oral TCP. We conclude that Ca taken as TCP is absorbed adequately and, thus, despite a rise in the S phosphorus level does not stimulate parathyroid activity.
Dissecting structural transitions in the HIV-1 dimerization initiation site RNA using 2-aminopurine fluorescence.

A highly conserved 35 nucleotide RNA stem-loop, the dimerization initiation site (DIS), in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of the human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) genome has been identified as the sequence primarily responsible for initiation of viral genome dimerization. The DIS initiates viral genome dimerization through a loop-loop ‘kissing’ interaction and is converted from an intermediate ‘kissing’ to a more thermodynamically stable extended duplex dimer in a conformational rearrangement that is chaperoned by the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein (NCp7). Here we describe fluorescence methods designed to probe local RNA dynamics and structural transitions associated with the DIS dimer formation and its NCp7 chaperoned structural conversion. These methods take advantage of the exquisite sensitivity of the quantum yield of the fluorescent nucleotide base analog, 2-aminopurine (2-AP), to its immediate structural and dynamic environment. The 2-AP fluorescence methods described allow a detailed kinetic and thermodynamic examination of this type of RNA-RNA interaction, as well as an analysis of the molecular mechanism of NCp7 chaperone activity.
Social Support and Well-Being at Mid-Life among Mothers of Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

The present study investigated the impact of social support on the psychological well-being of mothers of adolescents and adults with ASD (n = 269). Quantity of support (number of social network members) as well as valence of support (positive support and negative support) were assessed using a modified version of the “convoy model” developed by Antonucci and Akiyama (1987). Having a larger social network was associated with improvements in maternal well-being over an 18-month period. Higher levels of negative support as well as increases in negative support over the study period were associated with increases in depressive symptoms and negative affect and decreases in positive affect. Social support predicted changes in well-being above and beyond the impact of child behavior problems. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.
Photoelectron Effects on the Dose Deposited in MOS Devices by Low Energy X-Ray Sources

A method for calculating electron transport in layered materials is described. It is applied to a problem of radiation damage in MOS capacitors irradiated with a Cu x-ray tube operated at 45 kV. The effects of photoelectron transport are found to be significant. A problem of energy deposition in x-ray lithography is also discussed. The dose in the SiO2 gate is found to be about equal to that in the x-ray photoresist. Electron transport effects are found to be small in this lithography problem.
Tunneling in network models of molecular chains

A network model of electrons as developed by Montroll is used to describe the high anisotropic conductivity of a certain class of molecular crystals. The molecular crystals are modeled as a one-dimensional chain of periodically spaced units of free electron paths separated by potential barriers. Since this anomalously high conductivity in a narrow temperature range seems to result from some subtle interplay between the lattice vibrations of the crystal and certain electron pathways between them, we plot for a model of TTF-TCNQ the energy band edges versus separation distance between benzene units. Our results seem to indicate that there exist critical separation distances between neighboring units in which a free electron tunneling passage way develops so that electron propagation through the chain becomes possible.
Polymerization of 16-heptadecenoic acid monolayers

Abstract Monolayers of heptadecenoic acid (vinyl acid) were spread at a gas-water interface. The terminal double bond of the vinyl acid enabled it to be polymerized on exposure to UV radiation. Pressure-area isotherms for both monomer and polymer vinyl acid were then recorded and compared with isotherms from similar compounds. Preliminary studies were conducted to minimize the degree of dissolution of the fatty acid. The polymerization kinetics were examined by the use of UV spectroscopy and measurements of the reduction in the area occupied by the film at a constant surface pressure. The reaction appeared to follow zero-order kinetics after an initial acceleration period. The rate constant for the reaction increased with increasing surface pressure. A dynamic mechanical test was performed to determine the mechanical properties of monolayers at the gas-water interface. Films were polymerized to various conversions and then examined to determine the relation between mechanical properties and conversion. A simple model is proposed to correlate the monolayer's structure and the dynamic mechanical data.
Methanol as a Main Fuel to Replace Gasoline Without Global Warming

The world temperature will increase by approximately 8 O C by 2100. This would bring the temperature in parts of the Middle East to values causing heat stroke and death. Methanol made from pure H 2 and CO 2 removed from the atmosphere would cause no global warming and could be made from inexhaustible compounds on the surface of the earth. Cheaper ways of making this fuel may be available.
A cementing technique for joining acrylic pieces of small surface area

Abstract A technique is described for making very strong butt joints between acrylic pieces of typical cross section 3×12 mm2.
Effects of auditory pattern structure on anticipatory and reactive attending

In three experiments, participants listened for a target's pitch change within recurrent nine-tone patterns having largely isochronous rhythms. Patterns differed in pitch structure of initial (context) and final (target distance) pattern segments. Also varied were: probe timing (Experiments 2 and 3) and instructions about probe timing (Experiments 2 and 3). In all experiments, identification of a recurrent target was poorer in patterns with wider context pitch intervals (in semitones) than in others. Effects of probe timing also occurred, with better performance for temporally expected than unexpected probes. However, when listeners were explicitly told to focus upon a target's pitch and not its timing (Experiment 3), they performed selectively better in patterns with smaller target/probe pitch distances, especially for rhythmically expected probes. Five theoretical approaches to the respective roles of pitch and/or time structure were assessed. Although no single approach accounted for all results, a modification of one theory (a Pitch/Time Entrainment model) provided a reasonable description of findings.
TiO2 compact layers prepared by low temperature colloidal synthesis and deposition for high performance dye-sensitized solar cells

Abstract Compact layers are used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) to passivate transparent conducting oxides (TCOs). TCO passivation increases DSSC performance by reducing electrical loss from recombination at the TCO-electrolyte interface and by improving electrical contact between the TCO and TiO 2 photoelectrode. A novel process for synthesis of 4.5 nm colloidal TiO 2 compact layer particles via acid hydrolysis of titanium isopropoxide was developed. DSSCs fabricated with the colloidal TiO 2 compact layer, with no compact layer, and those with an RF-sputtered compact layer were evaluated. Relative to a DSSC with no compact layer, the colloidal compact layer improved the short-circuit current density, fill factor, and solar energy conversion efficiency by 17.6%, 4.4%, and 25.3%, respectively. Relative to the sputtered compact layer, the colloidal compact layer improved the short-circuit current density and solar energy conversion efficiency by 5.5% and 5.3%, respectively, with no significant change in the fill factor. The improved DSSC characteristics were attributed to increased shunt resistance due to decreased electrolyte reduction at the TCO-electrolyte interface and decreased series resistance due to improved electrical contact between the TCO and the TiO 2 photoelectrode.
Data assimilation into a numerical equatorial ocean model. II. Assimilation experiments

Abstract A sequence of numerical experiments is conducted using a linear, semi-spectral equatorial ocean model and an advanced data assimilation scheme. The numerical model is based on decomposition of the oceanic fields into Kelvin and Rossby waves belonging to the baroclinic modes of a stratified equatorial ocean. The assimilation procedure finds that solution to the model equations that best fits, in the generalized least-squares sense, all observations made within some specified space-time interval. All experiments are of the ‘identical twin’ type; synthetic data are generated by sampling the observable fields produced by a control run of the model, then the data are assimilated using the same model. The sequence of numerical experiments serves two purposes; to demonstrate the performance of the assimilation procedure in the context of a fully three-dimensional, time-varying equatorial ocean model; and to examine the utility of specified data sets, in particular, observations of sea level, in estimating the state of the equatorial ocean. The results indicate that the assimilation procedure works very well when sufficient data are provided. However, sea-level data alone are not sufficient and must be supplemented with subsurface observations if more than a few baroclinic modes are allowed in the model ocean. The required amount of supplementary subsurface data (in the form of density profiles in these experiments) can be reduced by imposing smoothness contraints on the recovered model solution.
Genetic variance components and genetic effects among eleven diverse upland cotton lines and their F2 hybrids.

Selecting high yielding upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. lines with improved fiber quality is a primary breeding goal. A diverse set of ten cultivars and one breeding line were crossed in a half diallel. Parents and F2 hybrids were grown in three environments at Mississippi State, MS. Ten agronomic and fiber traits were analyzed by a mixed linear model approach based on the additive-dominance genetic model. Variance component, genetic effects and genetic correlations were calculated. ‘Acala Ultima’ was a desirable general combiner for fiber length, uniformity, strength, micronaire, lint percentage, and boll weight. ‘FiberMax 966’ was a desirable general combiner for fiber length, uniformity, strength, and all agronomic traits. ‘Tamcot Pyramid’ and M240 were poor general combiners for both fiber and agronomic traits. ‘Coker 315’ was a good general combiner for fiber length, uniformity, micronaire, boll weight, boll number, and yield. Heterozygous dominance effects were associated with several crosses, which suggest their use as hybrids.
Application of direct solvers to unstructured meshes for the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations using upwind schemes

The application of Newton iteration to inviscid and viscous airfoil calculations on unstructured meshes is examined. A cell-centered finite volume scheme is employed on an unstructured mesh consisting of triangles. Roe's flux difference splitting scheme is used to compute the inviscid fluxes. Higher order accuracy is achieved by an interpolation procedure that makes use of auxiliary gradients. The efficient solution of the sparse linear system of equations which arises upon linearization in time is addressed. Results are presented for inviscid and viscous test cases. The complications which arise due to the introduction of nonlinear limiters are addressed.
Generalized Swain–Schaad relations including tunneling and temperature dependence

Abstract The Swain–Schaad relation, which relates the kinetic isotope effects of the three hydrogen isotopes, is extended by including tunneling and temperature dependence. The new version shows that the effect of tunneling on the Swain–Schaad exponent is opposite to that usually assumed and depends on the degree of assistance the tunneling receives from other vibrations.
Ohmic field decay and the braking indices of pulsars

Il est demontre que le champ magnetique dipolaire de surface d'un pulsar peut varier sur des echelles de temps qui sont courts comparees a celles du mode de decroissance ohmique a plus longue duree de vie. L'indice de deceleration peut ainsi devier de la valeur n=3 et varier avec le temps. Des exemples numeriques sont donnes ou n<3 pour des pulsars jeunes, en accord qualitatif avec les observations du pulsar du Crabe et de PSR 1509-58
Oxydehydrogenation of propane over Mg-V-Sb-oxide catalysts. I. Reaction network

Magnesium vanadates have been shown by various groups to be active oxydehydrogenation catalysts for the conversion of light paraffins to the corresponding olefins. The olefins produced have significant commercial value in petroleum and petrochemical industry. Recently, we reported that doping of the magnesium vanadates with antimony, antimony-phosphorus, or boron, produces catalysts with significantly better selectivities to olefins than those of the parent undoped catalysts. Among these, the composition Mg4V2SbOx was selected for further study of propane oxydehydrogenation and its reaction network. At 500°C and atmospheric pressure, the selectivity to propylene decreases monotonically from 75% to 5% as propane conversion is increased from 2% to 68%. An analysis of the reaction network reveals, that propylene is the only useful first formed product, that COx is produced largely by sequential oxidation of the in situ formed propylene, but also to a lesser extent direct from propane by a deep oxidation route. The presence of two parallel pathways for COx formation is of interest, as it suggests that partial and deep oxidations may occur at different surface sites or involve different forms of reactive oxygens. Both of these might be amenable to electronic modification by substitution or doping to achieve higher propylene selectivities and yields at higher propane conversions, or their catalytic behavior might be advantageously alterable through site isolation of the paraffin activation centers.
The effectiveness of school-based anger interventions and programs: A meta-analysis

Abstract Twenty peer-reviewed journal articles that described outcomes of interventions that took place in school settings and either focused on anger or included anger as a dependent variable were meta-analyzed. No differences in outcomes were found for group comparisons by school setting, special education status, entrance criteria, or treatment agents. Although 60% of articles discussed its importance, only two articles actually measured treatment integrity. Across outcomes, the weighted mean effect size of the interventions post treatment was determined to be .31. The largest effects were found for anger and externalizing behaviors, internalizing, and social skills, with mean effect sizes of .54, .43, and .34 respectively. Weighted mean effect sizes for follow-up studies were also calculated, but given the small number of studies that reported follow-up effects, those must be interpreted with caution. The results of this meta-analysis are discussed as they relate to research, practice, and intervention with children.
Urine fractions that release flehmen in black-tailed deer,Odocoileus hemionus columbianus.

Flehmen (or “lipcurl”) is a response of male mammals primarily to female urine, performed primarily during the reproductive season. To elucidate the components of female urine that release the Flehmen, urine of black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) was fractionated, and the fractions were presented to captive male conspecifics during three rutting seasons. The active principle (one or more compounds) is watersoluble, of low volatility, not readily extractable with organic solvents, and between 200 and 12,000 daltons in molecular weight. Several urine components were identified, but none of these showed activity.
An implementation of drive key cellular manufacturing

Abstract The drive key is one of the most important high-precision components of aircraft braking systems. In this paper, a cost effective drive keys manufacturing process is developed. This proposed manufacturing process makes use of near-net-shape manufacturing, computer numerical control (CNC) machining, and cellular manufacturing methods. To make the proposed process a reality, proper engineering with the proposed parts along with group technology are applied to the product design in conjunction with the proposed manufacturing methods. In addition, a general spreadsheet program is developed for each style of fixture modules to assist in part program coding. Moreover, statistical process control (SPC) is implemented to verify product quality and accept the product at the point of manufacture. It is observed that the implementation of the proposed drive key cellular manufacturing process results in a tremendous improvement in quality, throughput and productivity as well as a drastic reduction in manufacturing operations, workholding fixtures, cutting tools, and inspection media.
A SOLUBLE COMPONENT OF THE HILL REACTION IN ANACYSTIS NIDULANS.

Cell-free preparations (fragments of photosynthetic lamellae) from Anacystis nidulans catalyze the Hill reaction using ferricyanide, indophenol dyes or cytochrome c as electron acceptor. A high molecular weight polymer (Carbowax or dextran) not only must be present during preparation of the particles to preserve Hill reaction activity, but gives a marked stimulation if present in the reaction mixture. Calcium salts also are stimulatory. Sodium or potassium salts were inhibitory, as were all buffer anions that were tested. Extraction of the cell-free particles by water leads to a loss of their phycocyanin and of the Hill reaction activity. With ferricyanide as electron acceptor, adding back the extract led to a reconstitution of photolysis by washed particles. The active component of the extract was partially purified and was found not to be identical with phycocyanin. Information is reported concerning the presence of an endogenous reducing material in the cell-free extracts.
Change in child psychopathology with improvement in parental depression: a systematic review.

ABSTRACT Objective To systematically review current research evidence of associations between improvement in parents' depression and their children's psychopathology. Method Relevant studies were identified using PsycINFO (1806-2007) and Medline (1950-2007). The search terms used were "depression," "postpartum depression," "treatment," "mothers," "fathers," "parents," "offspring," "mother child relations," and "father child relations." The reference sections of identified articles were also examined for additional relevant articles. Open and controlled clinical trials and observational studies of depressed parents that also included psychological and behavioral assessments of offspring 18 years of age or younger were included in the review. Results Ten studies meeting broad criteria for inclusion were reviewed. These studies varied considerably in sample, treatment, assessment, and analysis. Based on the few studies, there is some evidence of associations between successful treatment of parents' depression and improvement in children's symptoms and functioning, but treatment of postpartum depression may not be sufficient for improving cognitive development, attachment, and temperament in infants and toddlers. Conclusions Due to the public health implications of the findings, further study of the effects of improvement in parental depression on child psychopathology is warranted. These studies need to examine the precise relation between parental and child symptoms, the differential effect of parents' treatment with psychotherapy versus medication, the effect of fathers' as well as mothers' symptomatic improvement on children, and mediators and moderators of the relation between parental improvement and child psychopathology.
THE FUNCTION OF EXTRAFLORAL NECTARIES IN OPUNTIA ACANTHOCARPA (CACTACEAE)

Opuntia acanthocarpa (Cactaceae) possesses extrafloral nectaries embedded in the areoles of new reproductive and vegetative growth. The nectar secreted by these glands attracts ants and is a nutritional food source. Members of one attracted ant species, Crematogaster opuntiae (Myrmicinae), are aggressive and efficient defenders of the plants against cactus-feeding insects. The results of our study are consistent with the ant-guard hypothesis for the role of extrafloral nectaries in 0. acanthocarpa. Additionally, individuals of 0. acanthocarpa are well protected in comparison with those of 0. phaeacantha. The latter generally possess ephemeral extrafloral nectaries and consistently maintain fewer ants. EXTRAFLORAL NECTARIES are glands which secrete nectar from leaves, petioles, sepals, petals or fruits, or, as in Campsis radicans (Elias and Gelband, 1975), from several of these structures in a single species. They are not known to function in pollination, though they are, with few exceptions, confined to angiosperms. Extrafloral
Optically pumped coherent mechanical oscillators: the laser rate equation theory and experimental verification

We develop a theory describing the operation of an opto-mechanical oscillator as a phonon laser using a set of coupled equations that is analogous to the standard set of laser rate equations. We show that laser-like parameters that characterize gain, stored energy, threshold, efficiency, oscillation frequency linewidth, and saturation power can be introduced for an opto-mechanical oscillator driven by photo-thermal or radiation pressure forces. We then apply the theoretical model to the experimental results for photo-thermally driven oscillations in a Si waveguide opto-mechanical resonator and show good agreement between the theory and experiments. We also consider the microscopic mechanism that transforms the energy of incoherent thermal phonons into coherent oscillations of a single phonon mode and show remarkable parallels with the three-wave parametric interactions in optics and also with opto-electronic oscillators used in microwave photonics.
The impact of parental discipline on the image of God

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of parental discipline on men's and women's image of God – specially the degree to which they report perceiving God as loving, forgiving, trustworthy, and available. It compares the four major different parenting styles – authoritative, authoritarian, permissive/indulgent, and neglectful/rejecting – that people received during childhood on their perceptions of God when they are in college. Based on questionnaires completed by undergraduate students at a state university in Utah, this study found that parental discipline styles are related to individuals’ images of God to some extent. The results of a logistic regression show that parental discipline styles have differential impacts on the image of God between male and female respondents. For men, the image of God is significantly related to the parenting styles they received during their childhood, whereas for women, the relationship is not significant. Implications are discussed.
L-Arginine inhibits xanthine oxidase-dependent endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia

Xanthine oxidase (XO)-derived superoxide contributes to endothelial dysfunction in humans and animal models of hypercholesterolemia (HC). Since L-arginine supplementation prevents defects in NO signaling, we tested the hypothesis that L-arginine blunts the inhibitory effect of XO on vascular function. Acetylcholine-mediated relaxation was significantly impaired in ring segments of HC rabbits, a response that was associated with an increase in plasma XO activity. L-Arginine treatment of HC rabbits reduced plasma XO and improved endothelial function. L-Arginine also modestly prolonged the lag time for oxidation in isolated lipoprotein samples. These results reveal that the principal action of L-arginine is to protect against the XO-dependent inactivation of NO in arteries of HC rabbits.
New Learning Environments for Language Learning: Moving Beyond the Classroom? edited by CONACHER, JEAN E., & HELEN KELLY–HOLMES

The article reviews the book "New Learning Environments for Language Learning: Moving Beyond the Classroom?" edited by Jean E. Conacher and Helen Kelly-Holmes.
Effects of acute plasma volume expansion on altering exercise-heat performance

To determine the effect an acute plasma volume expansion has on body temperature responses and exercise performance in the heat, seven unacclimatized male volunteers attempted to complete two 90-min walks (45% of $$\dot VO_2 $$ max) in a hot/dry (45‡ C/20% rh) environment. The experimental walk was preceded by an infusion of human albumin (50 g in a 200-ml solution) and the control walk was preceded by an infusion of isotonic saline (200 ml). Saline infusion did not alter the plasma volume. The albumin infusion was found to significantly (p<0.01) increase plasma volume ~ 13% over control levels. No significant differences were found for performance time, final heart rate or final rectal temperature values between the two walks. In general, significant differences were not found for systolic blood pressure, rectal temperature, mean skin temperature, heat storage, sweat rate, plasma lactate, plasma osmolality, or plasma protein content values between the two walks. However, heart rate responses were found to be significantly lower (p<0.05; ~ 13 bt·min−1) during the 25-min and 40-min measurements of the experimental walk. These data suggest that plasma volume expansion may be a supportive adaptation to enable lowered heart rate responses but does not improve thermoregulatory function or performance time in the heat.
The code of elections

The disparity between the code of election law and the code that comprises election equipment reflects inherent problems in the translation of social policies into computer procedures and overseeing processes.
Dynamics of Lipid Droplet-Associated Proteins during Hormonally Stimulated Lipolysis in Engineered Adipocytes: Stabilization and Lipid Droplet Binding of Adipocyte Differentiation-Related Protein/Adipophilin

In mature adipocytes, triglyceride is stored within lipid droplets, which are coated with the protein perilipin, which functions to regulate lipolysis by controlling lipase access to the droplet in a hormone-regulatable fashion. Adipocyte differentiation-related protein (ADRP) is a widely expressed lipid droplet binding protein that is coexpressed with perilipin in differentiating fat cells but is minimally present in fully differentiated cultured adipocytes. We find that fibroblasts ectopically expressing C/EBPalpha (NIH-C/EBPalpha cells) differentiate into mature adipocytes that simultaneously express perilipin and ADRP. In response to isoproterenol, perilipin is hyperphosphorylated, lipolysis is enhanced, and subsequently, ADRP expression increases coincident with it surrounding intracellular lipid droplets. In the absence of lipolytic stimulation, inhibition of proteasomal activity with MG-132 increased ADRP levels to those of cells treated with 10 mum isoproterenol, but ADRP does not surround the lipid droplet in the absence of lipolytic stimulation. We overexpressed a perilipin A construct in NIH-C/EBPalpha cells where the six serine residues known to be phosphorylated by protein kinase A were changed to alanine (Peri A Delta1-6). These cells show no increase in ADRP expression in response to isoproterenol. We propose that ADRP can replace perilipin on existing lipid droplets or those newly formed as a result of fatty acid reesterification, under dynamic conditions of hormonally stimulated lipolysis, thus preserving lipid droplet morphology/structure.
An investigation of Lang's bioinformational approach with sexually functional and dysfunctional men

This research represents an initial attempt to extend Lang's (1979) bioinformational processing view of emotion to the realm of male sexuality-particularly psychogenic impotence. Sexually functional and sexually dysfunctional men received training in which they were shaped to incorporate physiological responses during imagery. Preceding and following this training, heart rate, penile tumescence, frontalis myotonia, and skin resistance were monitored while subjects imagined scenes differing in thematic content (fear, erotic, and neutral) and propositional structure (stimulus and/or response cues). In general, the results failed to replicate previous findings supporting this model. During fear scenes, only myotonia followed the predicted-inverted-V pattern in which an increase in responding occurred while listening to the scene, a greater response while imagining the scene, and a decrement in response once imagery ceased. Similar responding did not occur on heart rate, skin resistance, or tumescence. With the exception of myotonia, subjects failed to differentiate between the stimulus and the response cues embedded in scripts. Results are discussed in the context of Lang's (1979) model as it may apply to sexual dysfunction.
RADIANCE REFLECTED FROM THE OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM : SYNTHESIS FROM INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS OF THE AEROSOL SIZE DISTRIBUTION

We describe a method by which the aerosol component of the radiance at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) can be synthesized from the radiances generated by individual components of the aerosol size–refractive-index distribution. The method is exact in the single-scattering approximation. For regimes in which the single-scattering approximation is not valid, the method usually reproduces the aerosol contribution with an error ≲2–3% (and only rarely >3–4%) for Sun and viewing angles as large as 80° and 70°, respectively, and for aerosol optical thicknesses as large as 0.50. In the blue, where molecular scattering makes a dominant contribution to the TOA radiance, the percent error in the synthesized total radiance is significantly less than in the synthesized aerosol component and typically will be less than the radiometric calibration uncertainties of Earth-orbiting sensors. When the aerosol is strongly absorbing, the method can fail; however, the potential for failure is easy to anticipate a priori. An obvious application of our technique is to provide a basis for the estimation of aerosol properties with Earth-orbiting sensors, e.g., the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer.
Resonant acceleration and heating of solar wind ions: Anisotropy and dispersion

This paper is an extension of recent work by Isenberg and Hollweg dealing with the preferential acceleration and heating of solar wind heavy ions by a resonant cyclotron interaction with a turbulent spectrum of ion-cyclotron waves. Two major approximations of the previous work are eliminated: that of isotropic ion distributions, and that of nondispersive waves. The wave action flux of finite-amplitude Alfven waves in a multi-ion, differentially flowing, gyrotropic plasma is derived. This quantity is incorporated into the wave-driven solar wind model of Isenberg and Hollweg, which is then applied to gyrotropic protons and alpha particles. It is found that allowing for nonisotropic ions yields enhanced preferential acceleration of alpha particles. However, when dispersion is included in the resonant interaction, the preferential effects are again reduced. These more realistic calculations show that the observations of solar wind alpha particles cannot be explained by a resonant cyclotron interaction.
The dual role of coherent twin boundaries in hydrogen embrittlement

Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) causes engineering alloys to fracture unexpectedly, often at considerable economic or environmental cost. Inaccurate predictions of component lifetimes arise from inadequate understanding of how alloy microstructure affects HE. Here we investigate hydrogen-assisted fracture of a Ni-base superalloy and identify coherent twin boundaries (CTBs) as the microstructural features most susceptible to crack initiation. This is a surprising result considering the renowned beneficial effect of CTBs on mechanical strength and corrosion resistance of many engineering alloys. Remarkably, we also find that CTBs are resistant to crack propagation, implying that hydrogen-assisted crack initiation and propagation are governed by distinct physical mechanisms in Ni-base alloys. This finding motivates a re-evaluation of current lifetime models in light of the dual role of CTBs. It also indicates new paths to designing materials with HE-resistant microstructures.
Pressure effects on the anisotrophic rotational diffusion of acetonitrile-d3 in confined geometry

Abstract The NMR relaxation behavior of a polar molecular liquid, acetonitrile- d 3 , confined to porous silica glasses prepared by a sol- gel process, was studied at pressures up to 5 kbar at 300 K. Analysis of the relaxation data in terms of the two-state fast exchange model and the classical rotational diffusion equation allowed us to determine the pressure effects on the anisotropic rotational diffusion of acetonitrile- d 3 in confined geometry.
Prenatal Dexamethasone Exposure Causes Loss of Neonatal Hypoxia Tolerance: Cellular Mechanisms

Glucocorticoids promote lung cell differentiation and thus enhance surfactant synthesis in the management of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Because they also accelerate differentiation in other targets, glucocorticoids may compromise physiologic responses that operate through specialized fetal-neonatal mechanisms. The current study explores one such process, the capacity to maintain cardiac function during hypoxia, a critical function in light of the hypoxia associated with parturition and with neonatal respiratory distress. Pregnant rats were given 0.05, 0.2, or 0.8 mg/kg of dexamethasone on gestational d 17, 18, and 19, and the response to hypoxia was assessed in the offspring on the day after birth. Dexamethasone produced a dose-dependent impairment of survival during exposure to 5% O2 (5 kPa O2) for 120 min. ECG measurements showed that death in the dexamethasone-exposed animals was preceded by multiple arrhythmias and progressive atrioventricular conduction defects, terminating in cardiac arrest. Because maintenance of neonatal cardiac conduction during hypoxia depends on adrenergic mechanisms operating through adrenomedullary catecholamine release and actions at transiently expressed alpha 2-receptors in the immature myocardium, we examined these mechanisms in control and dexamethasone-exposed neonates. Dexamethasone caused cardiac alpha 2-receptors to disappear prematurely, an effect that was selective for this receptor population because no comparable changes were seen in alpha 1-receptors. Under normal circumstances, neonatal adrenomedullary responses to hypoxia operate in the absence of functional sympathoadrenal innervation, and cardiac-sympathetic innervation does not play a significant role; in a similar fashion, the dexamethasone-exposed animals did not display alterations in the functional state of sympathetic innervation of the adrenal medulla or heart at birth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
CONTRIBUTION OF SURFACE LOSSES TO THE STOPPING POWER OF MATTER FOR CHARGED PARTICLES.

A simple expression is derived for estimating the contribution of surface losses to the stopping power of foils with plane parallel surfaces for normally incident nonrelativistic charged particles. Estimates are presented for electrons incident on foils of carbon and aluminum. The simple expression is modified in an approximate way to apply to the polycrystalline samples used in the work of Ichinokawa et al. and an estimate of the surface-loss contribution to the stopping power of polycrystalline graphite for electrons is given.
Accuracy of ultrasonic detection of the uterus in normal newborn infants: implications for infants with ambiguous genitalia.

Every year approximately one in 5000 babies is born with ambiguous genitalia, a condition that requires immediate sex assignment if possible. We investigated whether transabdominal ultrasonography with the use of a linear array high-resolution 7.5-MHz transducer would enhance the accuracy of detecting the uterus in the newborn. One hundred mothers who delivered normal, term infants (> 36 weeks and > 2500 g) gave their informed consent for the investigation. Each infant was placed in an unmarked bassinet, external genitalia were covered, and ultrasound examinations were performed by the same examiner (R. S.) who was blinded to the sex of the infant. The neonatal uterus was identified in 47 of 50 female infants (94% sensitivity) and the absence of a uterus was correctly predicted in 49 of 50 male infants (specificity 98%). The average length of the neonatal uteri 1 day after birth was 3.2 ± 0.5 cm and the total volume was 3.5 ± 0.9 cm³. An endometrial strip could be identified in 98% of neonatal uteri. We conclude that the use of the high-resolution 7.5-MHz transducer available in commercial ultrasound equipment is an accurate method for the detection of the neonatal uterus. Infants born with ambiguous genitalia who have a uterus will almost always be assigned the female sex. Infants with ambiguous genitalia but without a uterus will have male pseudohermaphroditism. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Hypogammaglobulinemia in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus

ObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease typically associated with elevated serum immunoglobulin G (IgG). Hypogammaglobulinemia in SLE patients has been attributed to immunosuppressive treatment or a transient effect associated with nephrotic syndrome. We retrospectively reviewed pediatric SLE patients from a single institution to identify patients with hypogammaglobulinemia and risk factors for hypogammaglobulinemia.MethodsA total of 116 pediatric SLE cases from 1997 to 2011 were reviewed and patients with hypogammaglobulinemia (IgG < 500 mg/dl) were identified. The two cohorts were evaluated for association with age, sex, presence of lupus nephritis at SLE diagnosis, disease activity at diagnosis, initial IgG level, and drug treatment.ResultsEighty-six patients were included in our study, with a median age of 15 years and a median follow-up of 39.5 months. Seven percent (six of 86) of patients had hypogammaglobulinemia with a median onset of 27 months (0–72 months) af...