cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Progressive Ataxia and Palatal Tremor

Aman in his 70s presented with a 20-year history of progressive ataxia and an8-month history of “spasms” in his throat. Hewas initiallybelieved tohavecerebellardegenerationdue toalcohol abuse. However, his difficultywith gait progressedafter cessationof alcohol use. The reported throat spasms did not affect his ability to speak or eat. Examination revealed hypometric saccades, truncal and limb ataxia, and decreased vibratory sensewith an inability to ambulate. Bradykinesia and mild rigidity were also noted. Palatal myoclonus was seen at a frequency of 1 to 2 Hz (Video). Severe cerebralandcerebellaratrophywasdemonstratedonmagnetic resonance imaging of the brain (Figure). Results of testing for spinocerebellar ataxia types 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 were normal.
On the dynamics of the solar convection zone

We derive expressions for the turbulent viscosity and turbulent conductivity applicable to convection zones of rotating stars. We assume that the dimensions of the convective cells are known and derive a simple distribution function for the turbulent convective velocities under the influence of rotation. From this distribution function (which includes, in particular, the stabilizing effect of rotation on convection) we calculate in the mixing-length approximation: i) the turbulent Reynolds stresstensor and ii) the expression for the heat flux in terms of the superadiabatic gradient. The contributions of the turbulent convective motions to the mean momentum and energy equation are treated consistently, and assumptions about the turbulent viscosity and heat transport are replaced by assumptions about the turbulent flow itself. The free parameters in our formalism are the relative cell sizes and their dependence on depth and latitude.
Willingness of African American Women to Participate in e-Health/m-Health Research.

Abstract Introduction: Due to high rates of technology adoption, African American women are well positioned to benefit from e-health/mobile health (m-health) interventions; yet, there are limited data on understanding their use of technology and willingness to participate in e-health/m-health research. Materials and Methods: A self-administered survey was completed by 589 African American women. Survey items measured sociodemographics, technology use and access, and willingness to participate in e-health/m-health research. Multinomial logistic regression examined associations among three age groups (18–29, 30–50, and 51+years old) and technology access, as well as motivators and barriers to participating in e-health/m-health research. Results: Most participants were willing to receive text messages as part of a research study. Many reported using a health-related application in the past 30 days, with younger women more likely to do so than older women (p<0.0001). Younger women were more likely than older ...
Assignment of autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA1) centromeric to the HLA region on the short arm of chromosome 6, using multilocus linkage analysis.

A 7-generation kindred with the HLA-linked form of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA1) was studied to determine whether the SCA1 gene maps centromeric or telomeric to the HLA loci. The DNA markers flanking the HLA-(A-B) region were used for polymorphism studies and multilocus linkage analysis. These two markers are the cDNA for the beta-subunit of HLA-DP, which is centromeric to HLA-(A-B), and the cDNA for coagulation factor XIIIa (F13A), which is telomeric to HLA-(A-B). Haplotypes were constructed using multiple polymorphisms for these two DNA markers, and pairwise linkage analysis revealed a maximum lod score of 2.18 for SCA1 versus HLA-DP at a recombination fraction of .05 and a maximum lod score of 0 for SCA1 versus F13A at a recombination fraction of .50. A possible crossover between HLA-(A-B) and HLA-DP was identified, but lack of samples from key individuals hampered the analysis. To clarify the phase and improve the analysis, the two chromosomes 6 for the crossover individual were separated in somatic cell hybrids. The results strongly favored the probability that the crossover occurred between HLA-(A-B-DR) and HLA-DP with SCA1 segregating with HLA-DP, consistent with a location centromeric to HLA-(A-B). Multilocus linkage analysis was used to evaluate further the location of SCA1 relative to F13A, HLA-(A-B), and HLA-DP; the results indicated that the SCA1 gene locus is centromeric to HLA-DP with odds of 46:1 favoring this most likely location over the second most likely location, i.e., telomeric to HLA-(A-B) between the HLA complex and F13A.
L’être-soi et l’être-seul. Le problème de la solitude dans la phénoménologie de Michel Henry

Plus qu’aucune autre dans la tradition phenomenologique, la pensee de Michel Henry semble preter le flanc a l’objection de solipsisme : non seulement en raison de son traitement en apparence tardif du probleme de l’experience d’autrui, mais aussi en ceci que, positivement cette fois, L’essence de la manifestation fait explicitement de la « solitude » l’un des traits fondamentaux de l’etre de l’ego. A rebours d’une telle interpretation, et prenant appui sur un ensemble de notes de jeunesse parfois inedites, cette etude se propose au contraire de montrer qu’une telle « solitude », parce qu’elle permet de conferer a l’idee meme de « subjectivite » une signification tout a fait nouvelle et originale, constitue aux yeux de M. Henry le seul lieu possible d’un authentique rapport a l’autre — pour autant qu’il est un Soi.
A Multi-topic Meta-classification Scheme for Analyzing Lobbying Disclosure Data

For the functioning of American democracy, the Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA), for the very first time, provides data to empirically research interest groups behaviors and their influence on congressional policymaking. One of the main research challenges is to automatically find the topic(s), by short a sparse text classification, in a large corpus of unorganized, semi-structured, and poorly connected lobbying filings to reveal the underlying purpose(s) of these lobbying activities. Common techniques for alleviating data sparseness are to enrich the context of data by external information. This paper, however, proposed an inter-disciplinary yet practical solution to this problem using a Multi-Topic Meta-Classification (MTMC) scheme built upon a set of semantic attributes (i.e., General Issue, Specific Issue, and Bill Info.), integrated with a domain-specific Policy Agenda (PA) coding/labeling procedure. First, multi-label base-classifiers that have been transformed into multi-class classification problems were learned from the abovementioned three semantic sources, respectively, second, to render reliability classification, one meta-classifier per attribute was trained based on meta-instances dataset labeled in a cross-validation fashion, third, the final prediction is made via fusing the reliable outputs of such ensembles of classifiers. Experiments demonstrated satisfactory classification performance with various evaluation measures on such a real-world textual dataset that poses many challenges including problems with noisy data and semantic ambiguity.
Anterior pituitary hormones, stress, and immune system homeostasis

An extensive, and controversial, literature concluding that prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and thyroid hormones are critical immunoregulatory factors has accumulated. However, recent studies of mice deficient in the production of these hormones or expression of their receptors indicate that there are only a few instances in which these hormones are required for lymphocyte development or antigen responsiveness. Instead, a case is made that their primary role is to counteract the effects of negative immunoregulatory factors, such as glucocorticoids, which are produced when the organism is subjected to major stressors. The immunoprotective actions of PRL, GH, IGF-I, and/or thyroid hormones in these instances may ensure immune system homeostasis and reduce the susceptibility to stress-induced disease. These immuno-enhancing effects could be exploited clinically in instances where the immune system is depressed due to illness or various treatment regimens.
Resistive contrast imaging: A new SEM mode for failure analysis

Semiconductor device path resistance is obtained from scanning electron microscope (SEM) images using a modified electron-beam-induced current (EBIC) mode. We call this new method resistance contrast imaging (RCI). The intensity of these images is proportional to internal device resistance ratios. Applications of the RCI method to device failure analysis are presented. This method is non-destructive and applicable to passivated devices.
Compliance of flexible tubes.

Abstract In mammals, the large veins and the pulmonary arteries tend to be noncircular in cross section. This paper presents a theoretical investigation about the effect of the transmural pressure upon the cross-sectional shape of a simplified model of such a vessel. Particular emphasis is placed upon the behavior of the cross section for negative internal pressures. It is found that the compliance of such a tube is relatively large for a small range of transmural pressures and that outside that range, the compliance drops to relatively low values. The peak in the compliance occurs when the transmural pressure is slightly negative. A large discontinuity in the value of the compliance is always present, in most cases, at a transmural pressure slightly below where the peak occurs.
Dual character of the rapid burster and a classification of X-ray bursts

DIFFERENT kinds of X-ray bursts, as observed from the rapid burster (MXB1730–335) (refs 1, 2) and from other sources3–5, can be classified into two types which, as we will show, may have different origins and production mechanisms. Type I bursts occur at intervals of hours, days or longer. Their spectra almost always soften during burst decay, and their average spectrum during the first few seconds of a burst is generally harder than the spectrum of the associated persistent X-ray emission (if present). Type II bursts occur at intervals of several seconds to minutes, and their spectra do not soften during burst decay. The rapid burster1–6 can produce up to several thousand type II bursts per day. Type II bursts may perhaps also be produced by other X-ray sources such as Cyg X-1 (ref. 7). Type I bursts are produced by all other burst sources reported so far3–5. Here we will show that the rapid burster also produces type I bursts.
The synthesis of l-alkyl-2-benzoyl-4-methylazetidine. Configurational and conformational studies

α,γ-Dibromovalerophenone (3) reacted with primary amines to give a number of l-alkyl-2-benzoyl-4-methylazetidines (4) in good yield. The results of the base catalyzed reactions performed on these new carboazetidines imply that the cis isomer is of greater thermodynamic stability. Furthermore, base catalyzed deuterium exchange studies suggest this to be the case. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 14, 981 (1977)
The trust engineering framework: Architecting native security to defend against the next generation threats

This study examines trust in the framework of service-based systems and discusses why it is difficult to achieve. We propose a discipline we term trust engineering, which considers the interactions of trust-enhancing technology, system architecture, and the development life cycle. The traditional view of security solutions have focused on preventing external threats such as malware in the forms of viruses, hackers and worms through perimeter from penetrating the organizations system where solutions that include firewalls and antivirus software were the leading mitigating techniques. While still aware of outside threats, companies are now coming to understand they can no longer ignore inside violations concerning data at rest or data on the move in order to protect the organization's private and confidential information. So information security and privacy is quickly becoming critical whether it is internal or external. This paper investigates trust-enhancing approaches, articulating a strategy based on three main thrusts: developing secure software systems (confidence), executing software in a protected, controlled environment (control), and monitoring software for cyber threats (discovery). Applying these three thrusts in combination with the proper architectural and life cycle perspective provides the best strategy for increasing our trust in software-based and service-based systems.
Paleobiogeography of Campanian-Maastrichtian foraminifera in the southern high latitudes

Abstract Distributions of planktonic and benthic foraminifera have revealed Antarctic land-sea distributions, oceanic surface gyre configurations, and changes in the configurations of the Tethyan, Transitional, and Austral realms during Campanian-Maastrichtian time. Poleward changes in the diversity of total and keeled planktonic species of the Southern Hemisphere are compared for the early and late Campanian and early and late Maastrichtian. Latitudinal diversity gradients were weakest during the early Campanian and more pronounced during the late Campanian and Maastrichtian. Shallow marine seaways within West Antarctica are suggested by similarity of Late Cretaceous nearshore benthic and open ocean planktonic assemblages from southern high-latitude land and drill sites, and by the occurrence of recycle Cretaceous marine microfossils from Antarctic interior and continental margin localities. Development of a major water mass boundary between cool surface waters south of about 50°S paleolatitude and warmer surface waters to the north in the South Atlantic and Indian Ocean may have caused biogeographic isolation of Austral Realm assemblages during late Campanian and early Maastrichtian time. Several planktonic foraminifera show significant diachroneity in their latitudinal distributions. Magnetobiostratigraphic data suggest that Abathomphalus mayaroensis migrated from high to low latitudes, whereas Pseudotextularia elegans, Globigerinelloides subcarinatus, Globotruncanella citae, Globotruncanella petaloidea, Globotruncana bulloides , and Globotruncana subcircumnodifer made time-transgressive poleward migrations. The distribution of A. mayaroensis is in agreement with isotopic evidence for late Maastrichtian climatic cooling, while that of P. elegans correlates with a latest Maastrichtian warming event (about 66.8–66.6 Ma). Delayed first occurrences of the other taxa cannot be explained by paleoclimatic factors alone; variations in global eustatic sea-level and orogeny between southern South America and West Antarctica may have also influenced the taxonomic composition of southern high latitude foraminiferal assemblages.
Dendritic cell vaccines for the immunocompromised patient: prevention of influenza virus infection.

Prophylactic vaccination of cancer patients and recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplant is generally a simple, efficient and cost-effective manner by which to prevent unnecessary infection and enhance overall clinical outcomes. However, some neoplastic conditions, particularly B-cell malignancies, impart a degree of immunosuppression that complicates traditional prophylactic approaches. Here, we make the case that the application of dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy for the prophylaxis of infectious disease is both appropriate and cost effective for certain niche populations who are at risk of increased morbidity and who respond poorly to traditional vaccination, particularly influenza vaccination. Here we review the full spectrum of our preclinical work in this area, results demonstrating that DCs loaded with subunit recombinant hemagglutinin can generate robust hemagglutinin-specific immune responses both in vitro and in vivo. In vivo data indicated that a single injection of hemagglutinin-load...
Corporate performance following stock offerings

There is substantial evidence that stock offerings contain a negative signal, based on numerous studies on the immediate market reaction to the announcement. These studies document the market's ex ante view of how the offering will affect the firm. Our objective is to determine whether the adverse signal is accurate by measuring long-term valuation effects following the stock offering. We find a strong negative valuation effect that accumulates to −30.28 percent after 60 months following the stock offering. These long-term effects were more unfavorable for firms that (1) have relatively large stock offerings, (2) have more free cash flow, (3) experienced larger stock price runups before the offering, and (4) had higher market to book value ratios prior to the offering.
A randomized study of contingency management in cocaine-dependent patients with severe and persistent mental health disorders.

Background Contingency management (CM) is efficacious for reducing drug use, but it has rarely been applied to patients with severe and persistent mental health problems. This study evaluated the efficacy of CM for reducing cocaine use in psychiatric patients treated at a community mental health center.
Wallenberg’s syndrome with extradural–extracranial origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery

We report a case of lateral medullary syndrome (LMS) with extradural origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). A 45-year-old construction worker presented with acute signs and symptoms of typical LMS. Prolonged work-related neck extension was reported just prior to the onset of symptoms. Cerebral angiography revealed a patent vertebrobasilar tree with an extradural origin of an otherwise normal appearing PICA ipsilaterally. Workup did not show evidence for cardioembolic or atheroembolic source. The presence of an extradural origin of PICA may be considered a predisposing factor for non-traumatic LMS associated with head and neck movement.
Crystal-induced inflammation of the kidneys: results from human studies, animal models, and tissue-culture studies

Calcium oxalate (CaOx), calcium phosphate (CaP), and uric acid or urate are the most common crystals seen in the kidneys. Most of the crystals evoke an inflammatory response leading to fibrosis, loss of nephrons, and eventually to chronic renal failure. Of the three, CaOx monohydrate is the most reactive, whereas some forms of CaP do not evoke any discernible response. Reactive oxygen species are produced during the interactions between the crystals and renal cells and are responsible for the various cellular responses. CaOx crystals generally form in the renal tubules. Exposure of renal epithelial cells to CaOx crystals results in the increased synthesis of osteopontin, bikunin, heparan sulfate, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and prostaglandin (PG) E2, which are known to participate in inflammatory processes and in extracellular matrix production. CaOx crystal deposition in rat kidneys also activates the renin–angiotensin system. Both Ox and CaOx crystals selectively activate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in exposed tubular cells. CaP crystals can form in the tubular lumen, tubular cells, or tubular basement membrane. Renal epithelial cells exposed to brushite crystals produce MCP-1. Basic CaP and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate induce mitogenesis in fibroblasts, stimulate production of PGE2, and up-regulate the synthesis of metalloproteinases (MMP) while down-regulating the production of inhibitors of MMPs through activation of p42/44 MAPK. Deposition of urate crystals in the kidneys becomes associated with renal tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and development of inflammatory infiltrate. Renal epithelial cells exposed to uric acid crystals synthesize MCP-1 as well as PGE2. Monocytes or neutrophils exposed to urate crystals produce tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and IL-8. Expression of IL-8 is mediated through extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK-1)/ERK-2 and nuclear transcription factors activated protein 1 and nuclear factor κβ. Urate crystals also stimulate the macrophages to produce MMPs.
Do We Have Spurious Modes in Non-Conformal Domain Decomposition Methods ?

This paper investigates the issue of spurious modes in the recent proposed non-conformal domain decomposition method. By consulting a recent publication by Buffa and Perugia, and validated through numerical experiments, we conclude that the non-conformal domain decomposition methods using Is order Robin transmission condition produce spurious-free approximations. Moreover, the convergence rate of the numerical approximations in non-conformal DDM is optimal, namely with pth order mixed Nedelec elements on tetrahedral, we have O(hp) and O(h2p) for field solution and eigenvalues, respectively. Nonetheless, the Robin transmission condition is energy dissipative, and the amount of energy loss can be reduced by O(h2p) by using finer discretizations on the domain interfaces.
Cytosolic lipoprotein particles from milk-secreting cells contain fatty acid synthase and interact with endoplasmic reticulum

Abstract Part of the fatty acid synthase in cytosol from mammary glands of lactating rats was in a complex with other proteins and with lipids. This complex eluted in the void volume from a gel filtration column with an exclusion limit of 5000 000, and remained in a 3% polyacrylamide stacking gel during electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions. Fatty acid synthase containing lipoprotein particles ranged in density from 1.07 to 1.16 g/ml, and varied in protein to lipid ratios. Similar fatty acid synthase particles were present also in cytosol from cow mammary gland. Butyrophilin, xanthine oxidase, and a group of small GTP-binding proteins that included ADP-ribosylation factor, were identified as constituents of the lipoprotein complex. This complex interacted with endoplasmic reticulum and with lipid droplets in cell-free incubation mixtures. In ultrastructure fatty acid synthase-containing lipoprotein particles were homogeneous in appearance, but were heterogeneous in size, with apparent diameters of 40 to 170 nm. Immunocytochemically, antigen recognized by antibodies to fatty acid synthase were found to be present in these particles and on endoplasmic reticulum. Lipoprotein complexes bound to specific polypeptides of endoplasmic reticulum.
Walking on Solid Ground

Mucosal surfaces throughout the human body—including those of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts—are wet tissues that include some form of mucus gel among their defenses ( 1 ). In the airways, the mucus gel layer is propelled out of the lungs by ciliary beating and continually renewed by secretion of polymeric mucins (see the figure, panels A and B). This process enables the rapid removal of inhaled pathogens and toxicants ( 2 ). The conventional model has been that the mucus gel layer is suspended above a fluid periciliary layer by the beating of cilia. However, as Button et al. report on page [937][1] of this issue ( 3 ), this model is fundamentally wrong. The authors show that the periciliary layer has a macromolecular glycoconjugate structure with a higher density than the mobile gel layer. This dense network is grafted to the epithelial surface. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1223012
An Appropriate Population for Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation? A Case Series of Three Patients With Advanced Heart Failure on Continuous Inotropic Support

The number of individuals with heart failure and the treatment modalities available to manage heart failure are increasing. Continuous inotropic support is a treatment modality used in cases of severe heart failure. Although most patients initiated on continuous inotropic support are discharged home, those with greater functional compromise, comorbid conditions that cause disability, or other significant medical complexity may be referred to acute inpatient rehabilitation. The feasibility and benefits of acute inpatient rehabilitation in this population, however, has yet to be investigated. We report the functional progress and medical complications of 3 patients on continuous inotropic support who participated in acute inpatient rehabilitation. The patients demonstrated varying levels of success, highlighting a need for evidence-based, preadmission screening criteria for this population.
Neonatal Meningitis in VLBW (<1.5 kg) Infants: Spinal Fluid Findings and Developmental Outcome at 20 Months

Neonatal Meningitis in VLBW (<1.5 kg) Infants: Spinal Fluid Findings and Developmental Outcome at 20 Months
Information retrieval and applications: minitrack introduction

Introduction Information Retrieval algorithms support the computerized search of large document collections (millions of documents) to retrieve small subsets of documents relevant to a user's information need. Such algorithms are the basis for internet search engines as well as digital library catalogues. In the past few years applications areas of information retrieval methods have included question-answering and text categorization. For HICSS-36, three papers were selected for inclusion into this minitrack, covering three different areas in information retrieval: natural language processing as an essential element of accurate search, the use of bilingual dictionaries in cross-language information retrieval and methods for evaluating algorithm performance under conditions of statistical uncertainty. These papers provide a useful cross-section which indicate the breadth of the field.
The Diffusion of Integrated Pest Management Techniques

ABSTRACT This paper examines the diffusion paths of selected Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques among vegetable growers in 15 states, as well as the factors influencing such paths, using static and dynamic diffusion models. The adoption of these IPM techniques appears to follow the logistic model, and the 75 percent adoption of most IPM techniques will be reached in the first quarter of the next century, if current conditions prevail. Significant differences in levels of adoption across states and crops can be accounted for by the different conditions in the regions and crops, as well as the levels of research, education, and revenues per acre.
The theory of absolute surface shear viscosity II. The rotating disk problem

Abstract The numerical results of a rigorous mathematical analysis of fluid flow in the neighborhood of a rotating disk inserted into a liquid interface supporting an adsorbed surface film are presented. The theory (described in detail elsewhere) takes full account of the coupling of interfacial and substrate fluid flows, which is to say that it removes the deficiency present in previous theories of surface viscometry which assumed that these flows are independent. It is shown that in the low surface viscosity region the results are sensitively dependent upon the coupling of interfacial and substrate motion. Finally we demonstrate that the rotating disk viscometer is a poor experimental design for the determination of low surface viscosity.
Competing elimination and substitution reactions of simple acyclic disulfides

MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ and B3LYP/cc-pVDZ calculations of the reactions of CH3SSR (R = H or CH3) with fluoride, hydroxide or allyl anion in the gas-phase were performed to determine the mechanism for both elimination and substitution reactions. The elimination reactions were shown to follow the E2 mechanism. The substitution reactions with hydroxide and fluoride proceed by the addition–elimination mechanism, but those with allyl anion proceed by the SN2 mechanism. The elimination reactions with F− and HO− are preferred to the substitution reactions, while allyl anion prefers the substitution route.
Self-evaluations following performance on interpersonal tasks by depressed and nondepressed students

Mildly depressed students and nondepressed controls engaged in a series of interpersonal tasks and rated their own performance after each task. Half of each group worked on the tasks and did the self-rating in a “public” condition (experimenter present), whereas the other half of ech group were in a “private-anonymous” condition (experimenter absent). The results indicated that depressed subjects in the public condition evaluated their performance as significantly lower than depressed subjects in the private condition. The latter group's self-ratings were not significantly different from those of nondepressed subjects. The results were discussed in relation to experimental demand characteristics and depression theory.
A Conceptual K-6 Teacher Competency Model for Teaching Engineering

Abstract The purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual K-6 teacher competency model, which can be utilized in engineering professional development for in-service teachers who are novices in teaching engineering. Based on literature reviews on teacher competency models in general education as well as in engineering education, this study presents a conceptual K-6 teacher competency model for teaching engineering. This model encompasses the following seven dimensions: engineering concept knowledge; engineering skills; knowledge about engineering disciplines; engineering pedagogical content knowledge; attitudes toward engineering; attitudes toward teaching engineering; and integration of engineering with other subjects. The competencies falling within each of these seven dimensions are also identified. This study further proposes a subsequent model verification study using a Delphi method with four rounds of surveys.
Maximal CP violation in the six-quark model

Consideration is given to some experimental tests of the Kobayashi-Maskawa model of weak interactions for the case in which the CP-violating effects could be expected to be maximal, that is, delta = ..pi../2. A reanalysis of the model is carried out to verify that delta = ..pi../2 is consistent with existing data. In addition to the usual contributions of the high-energy quark box diagram, this analysis takes into account low-energy dispersive terms, which depend on the energy boundary ..mu... Double penguin diagrams are also shown to give a significant contribution to ..delta..m, depending on ..mu... Fitting of the result for ..delta..m(..mu..) to the measured mass difference leads to ..mu..roughly-equal1 GeV, if the top-quark mass msubt< or approx. =45 GeV. This places an upper limit on msubt since, for larger msubt, the calculated ..delta..m is too high for all ..mu... The results of the analysis are applied to the dilepton asymmetry in Bsup0, B-barsup0 production by esup+esup- collisions and similar effects that can be obtained by comparing antineutrino with neutrino production of dileptons. When large asymmetries are found to occur, the rate is found to be hopelessly small because interference effects are suppressed. Large interference effects can occur if the parametersmore » are chosen appropriately, but then the asymmetry is only 1 or 2%. It is also found that interference effects between Tsup0 and T-barsup0 are enormously suppressed for any choice of the parameters.« less
Adolescent Identity and Career Exploration

The wish to be seen as an adult has been an adolescent goal for generations. This goal is more difficult to attain in a technological society because extended education is needed for employment but the criteria for adult recognition continue to reflect conditions of the past. Results are reported for an online poll of 288 high school students about their career orientation. Ways to improve student readiness for employment are recommended for schools, parents, and adolescents.
Ion—molecule reactions in hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol and 2-thiapropane☆

Abstract The ion—molecule reactions in H 2 S, CH 3 SH, and (CH 3 ) 2 S were observed at pressures up to 400 millitorr, using a quadrupole mass spectrometer with a single electron-impact ion source. Rate constants were measured for the disappearance of most primary ions and the appearance of several secondary ions, and mechanisms are proposed for the reactions observed. In all three cases, the major ion produced was the M + 1 ion (where M represents the mass of the parent ion), which reacted further to give the 2M + 1 ion. Charge exchange between the neutral gas and primary ions to produce the parent ion was observed in CH 3 SH and (CH 3 ) 2 S and is suspected in H 2 S. In the cases of CH 3 SH and (CH 3 ) 2 S, an additional reaction sequence originating with the (M − 1) ion was observed, while in H 2 S an additional sequence originating with the S + ion was found.
The cytokine network in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus and possible therapeutic implications

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is considered to be the prototype of human autoimmune diseases. It is a disorder of generalized autoimmunity characterized by multisystem organ involvement and autoantibodies against nuclear, cytoplasmic, and cell surface antigens. The mechanisms responsible for the breakdown of tolerance against these self antigens are unknown. Abnormalities of T cells, B cells and antigen-presenting cells result in immune dysregulation, especially in patients with active disease. There is B cell hyperactivity with polyclonal B cell activation and autoantibody formation. By contrast, there is decreased cellular immunity with impaired T cell and natural killer (NK) cell effector functions leading to decreased host defense [50]. For many years investigators have searched for primary abnormalities of T cells which are important in pathogenesis. Most of the T cell abnormalities, however, appear to reflect dysregulation as a consequence of the disease.
Fluidity and Molecular Structure

IT was pointed out by Porter1 that, for mercury and water, the logarithm of the viscosity is a linear function of the logarithm of the vapour pressure. I propose a modified relationship introducing the critical pressure pc, namely log ϕ = a log p/pc + d, where ϕ is the fluidity of a liquid at the vapour pressure p, a and d are constants.
Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase in rat brain mitochondria.

Abstract 1. 1. Partial purification of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.9) from rat brain mitochondria and comparison of its size, K m , pH optimum, and immunological crossreactivity showed that the enzyme from the brain is quite similar to that in the other tissues, contrary to previous conclusions. 2. 2. Developmental changes in the activity level of this enzyme in the rat brain mitochondria are reported and a possible function for this enzyme is suggested.
Unified estimators of smooth quantile and quantile density functions

Abstract Diverse smooth estimators of quantile functions are unified into generalized kernel smoothers of the sample quantile function. Sup-norm convergence of the quantile function estimators and the derived quantile density function estimators are established. The convergence rates reveal the simultaneous uniform in-probability consistency of both estimators on any compact set inside the open unit interval. A Berry-Esseen-type theorem of the quantile function estimators is established; the asymptotic deficiency of sample quantiles relative to the smooth estimators and optimal smoothing rate are determined. Oscillation behavior of the estimators in finite samples (monotonicity, convexity, etc.) is investigated, and is related to certain algebraic properties of the smoothing kernel.
Lipoma and liposarcoma of the larynx: case reports and literature review.

Abstract Objective Two cases of laryngeal lipomatous tumors are presented. Their diagnoses and management are discussed and contrasted. Methods Case report and literature review. Results Patient 1 is a 58 year old male presenting with five years of progressive shortness of breath, dysphagia, and globus sensation. Clinical exam and imaging study showed a 3.5 cm hypodense laryngeal mass, and he underwent transoral robotic-assisted surgery for complete excision. Final pathology revealed a well-differentiated liposarcoma. Patient 2 is a 79 year old female presenting with one year of non-progressive hoarseness and globus sensation. Clinical examination and imaging study revealed a 1.8 cm hypodense laryngeal mass. Transoral endoscopic complete excision of the submucosal mass was performed. Final pathology revealed benign spindle-cell lipoma. Conclusion Liposarcoma and lipoma may present with similar symptomatology, clinical, and imaging findings. Pathology evaluation is of utmost importance for definitive diagnosis. Therefore, diagnosis and treatment of laryngeal lipomatous lesions are best accomplished with complete excision of the mass.
Should dermatologists prescribe hormonal contraceptives for acne

ABSTRACT One of the primary factors contributing to the development of acne vulgaris is excess sebum. Sebaceous glands and sebum excretion are regulated, at least in part, by androgen hormones. Acne treatments that block this androgen effect include spironolactone and combination oral contraceptives (COC). Three COC are now FDA approved to treat moderate acne. Dermatologists must become experts at prescribing these hormonal contraceptives. Likewise, it is vital to be aware of contraindications to hormonal contraceptive therapy. Proper patient selection relies on an appropriate medical history and an assessment of blood pressure. A pelvic exam and/or Papanicolaou smear are not required prior to initiating therapy with a COC. It is important to counsel patients about potential adverse effects of COC pills and to establish appropriate expectations concerning acne improvement.
Co-ordinate changes in complementation, suppression and enzyme phenotypes of a PYR-3 mutant of Neurospora crassa.

Co-ordinate changes in complementation, suppression and enzyme phenotypes of a pyr-3 mutant of Neurospora crassa
Cytogenetic effects of the gaseous phase of cigarette smoke on root-tip cells of Allium sativum L.

Abstract Chromosomal and mitotic abnormalities induced by the gaseous phase of cigarette smoke on the root-tips of garlic, Allium sativum L., were investigated. Chromosomal abnormalities in the form of breakages, bridges, lags, stickiness, and differential condensation were observed. In addition, multinucleate cells, polyploid cells, and multipolar mitotic divisions were observed. In general the results indicate that the percentage of abnormalities increased when root-tips were exposed to higher numbers of smoke puffs. The effect of the gaseous phase of cigarette smoke on the mitotic index is striking. It shows a slight increase at a low number of puffs and a decrease at high numbers, particularly at the 10, 15 and 20 puff levels. The results indicate that the gaseous phase of cigarette smoke induces significant effects on chromosome structure and number.
Hybrids: Mixed states of quarks and gluons

Abstract We calculate the spectrum of the four ground state hybrid ( q qg ) nonets, JPC = (0, 1, 2)−+, 1−−, using the MIT bag model to first order in cavity perturbation theory. Quark and gluon self-energies are included by a fit to the s-wave mesons and baryons and to the glueball candidate i(1440). We find a large gluon self-energy which substantially increases our predictions of the glueball and hybrid masses. We discuss the phenomenology of hybrids, including a suggestion that the A3 (1670) and a second peak at 1850 MeV in the fπ channel may be mixtures of the isovector q q d-wave state with the q qg s-wave.
Performance of traveling waves in coils and windings

THE reaction of coils and windings to traveling waves which impinge upon their terminals is an ever-important problem in electric power systems from both the practical and the scientific point of view. Transformers as well as alternators are used at increasingly higher voltages and their insulation is thus subjected to switching and lightning surges of ever-increasing severity. A simplified but nevertheless rigorous conception of the wave propagation within such windings may therefore be advantageous. It may be used for coils in communication circuits as well.
Job involvement, machiavellianism and job performance

This study addressed the effect of job involvement on the relationship between Machiavellianism and job performance. The results showed a significant effect for managers who perceive themselves as possessing high levels of job involvement. No effect was found for managers who perceived themselves as having low levels of job involvement. Findings are discussed in the context of the research, and implications are provided for executives in the retail setting.
Open Source Tools for Phishing Investigations

ABSTRACT With the steady rise of online fraud [1], responders have often had to rely on computer forensic tools to determine the exact nature of incidents. Several commercial digital forensics software suites are available for examining digital media related to computer crimes. Although these tools provide examiners with extensive capabilities for forensic examinations, they can have significant drawbacks in terms of training, initial costs of the tool, and yearly maintenance upgrades. Alternatively, there are free and open source software (FOSS) tools with equivalent functionally that examiners can use to perform most of the same tasks possible by commercial applications. This article describes some FOSS tools that are suited for general forensic examinations, with an emphasis on those capable of the primary forensic examination tasks relevant to phishing cases, including identifying malware, automated and manual recovery of deleted files, creating a timeline, and identifying Web browser trace evidence.
Engineering design in the classroom: Is it good science education or is it revolting?

The changing emphasis of science education today includes a shift from a narrowly disciplinary view of science to a more socially and technologically situated perspective. This article reports on the implementation of engineering design projects in about two dozen U. S. secondary science classrooms, following an inservice professional development course conducted at a university engineering college. Using data from an evaluation of the project and three sociological themes—secrecy and ownership, social persuasion and the status of facts, and the relationship between money and science—I argue that technological design projects provide a sociologically fruitful approach for teaching new themes in science education. However, teachers must rethink the nature of their subject matter, something that may be difficult if their training was disciplinary in emphasis.
Extracellular matrix production by cat retinal pigment epithelium in vitro: characterization of type IV collagen synthesis.

Abstract Feline retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) produced an extracellular matrix (ECM) in vitro which was located between the basal surface of the RPE and the culture plate. This ECM had three morphological components: bundle, granular and fibrillar. After 14 days in culture the basal extracellular space contained small amounts of bundle material; granular and fibrillar material were infrequently observed at this time. The amount of ECM material increased with increasing time in culture. The accumulation of the granular component extracellularly was greatest between 60 and 108 days. Fibrillar material, although occasionally observed in the ECM, appeared to be an infrequent component. By 145 days, the ECM filled the extracellular space between the RPE and the culture plate. The time-dependent increase of the ECM indicated continued synthesis and secretion of ECM into the basal extracellular space by the RPE. Confluent RPE cultures, or choroidal/scleral fibroblasts, were incubated for 24 hr with [14C]-proline. Newly synthesized collagen, either in the culture medium or the cell layer, was co-precipitated with added carrier collagen by (NH4)2SO4. The samples, with or without reduction and alkylation, were digested with pepsin and fractioned by selective salt precipitation and carboxymethyl(CM)-cellulose chromatography. The resulting fractions were further analyzed, or purified for thin layer chromatography (TLC) amino acid analysis, by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Cultured RPE cells, but not choroidal/scleral fibroblasts, produced labelled peptides which were characterized as α1 (IV), and α2 (IV) collagen chains by CM-cellulose chromatography, SDS-PAGE, proline:hydroxyproline ratios and sensitivity to bacterial collagenase. In contrast, choroidal/scleral fibroblasts produced labelled α1 (I), β12 (I) and α2 (I) collagen chains. The synthesis of type IV collagen by RPE cells may reflect the production of ECM observed by electron microscopy in cultured feline RPE cells.
Negative feedback of atrial natriuretic peptides.

The present investigation was designed to determine whether atrial natriuretic peptides consisting of amino acids 1-30 [i.e. pro-ANF-(1-30)], 31-67 [i.e. pro-ANF(31-67)], 79-98 [i.e. pro-ANF-(79-98)], and 99-126 [i.e. atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)] of 126-amino acid ANF prohormone have a negative feedback on their own and each others' release. Thirty healthy human subjects were studied with infusion of 100 ng/kg BW.min for 60 min of each of the respective peptides. Pro-ANF-(1-30) decreased the circulating concentrations of pro-ANF-(31-67) and ANF 51% and 89%, respectively. Pro-ANF-(31-67) decreased the circulating concentration of ANF by 55% and the peptides immunologically recognized by the pro-ANF-(1-30) RIA by 58% [this assay recognizes pro-ANF-(1-30) (50%) and pro-ANF-(1-98) (50%)]. Pro-ANF-(79-98) decreased the circulating concentration of ANF by 40%, pro-ANF-(31-67) by 31%, and the peptides recognized by the pro-ANF-(1-30) RIA by 46%. ANF decreased the circulating concentration of pro-ANF-(31-67) ...
Force adaptation in human walking with symmetrically applied downward forces on the pelvis

The application of external constraints and/or applied forces during movement can lead to reactive as well as adaptive changes in human motion. Previous research has shown adaptation in walking kinematics when external forces were applied to a leg. This work aims to study adaptation in human walking when externally applied forces were present on the pelvis during the swing and stance phases of both legs. A novel tethered pelvic assist device (TPAD) was used to passively apply symmetric downward forces on the human pelvis while walking. During the experiment, eight healthy subjects walked on a treadmill at a constant speed while their kinematics and foot pressure data were recorded. Data analysis revealed that the healthy subjects exhibited both reactive as well as adaptive changes in their gait parameters. The immediate response of the subjects was to increase their hip flexion to clear their foot off the ground as they were unable to lift their pelvis to their usual height in the presence of downward forces. Seven out of eight subjects resisted the downward forces to move their pelvis up. Eventually, they reached a level of downward force that they could sustain over the training session. This adaptation to the downward force was reflected in the heel peak pressure values during the cycles of the gait. On removing the tethers, aftereffects in heel peak pressure values were observed as a result of higher magnitude of pelvic acceleration in vertical direction. In summary, symmetrically applied external forces on the pelvis of healthy subjects resulted in reactive changes in the gait kinematics and adaptive changes in the gait kinetics and the foot interaction forces with the ground.
More on the realization of new inflation

Abstract We generalize a recent analysis by Albrecht and Brandenberger regarding the realization of inflation. In particular, we are concerned with general potentials for an SU(5) singlet scalar field (the inflation) which may or may not possess non-renormalizable interactions.