cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A simple analytical method to calculate the thermal parameter and temperature within subducted lithosphere

Abstract Temperature profoundly affects seismicity and rheology within subducted lithosphere; the thermal parameter Φ is often used to characterize the temperature structure of subduction zones. Φ is usually defined as tAgeV⊥, where tAge is the age of the plate as subduction begins and V⊥ is the lithosphere's vertical descent rate. But, interpretations of Φ can be confusing because its relationship with temperature is seldom expressed explicitly and because published estimates of Φ often vary by factors of two or more. This paper presents a particularly simple approximate model that leads to an analytical relationship between Φ/h and the minimum temperature within subducted lithosphere at a depth h. In spite of the model's simplicity, it gives reasonable approximate temperature estimates, e.g., for subduction zones where Φ is less than about 2500 km, the relationship between Φ and the observed maximum depth hmax of seismicty is consistent with the observation that seismicity ceases when interior slab temperature exceeds about 600–800 °C.
Thermodynamic properties of aqueous polyacrylamide solutions as a function of pressure and temperature

Abstract The viscosities of dilute aqueous solutions of polyacrylamide were measured at temperatures from 20 to 60.4° and pressures up to 150 MPa using a falling-body viscometer. The viscosity coefficient, ν, increases exponentially with increasing pressure at a given temperature and concentration. The rate of increase of the apparent energy of activation. E ≠, with pressure becomes more rapid as the concentration of the solutions increases. Intrinsic viscosity, [ν], increases with increasing pressure at a given temperature but almost levels off at pressures above 100 MPa while the Huggins constant, k H , decreases. The Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, X 1 , decreases at a greater rate with increasing pressure as the temperature decreases indicating that the effect of pressure on improving the compatability between the polymer and solvent is greater near the θ-temperature. The second virial coefficient, A 2 , was calculated from the intrinsic viscosity data and compared with the results obtained by light scattering technique.
Analysis of Ca2+ Signaling Motifs That Regulate Proton Signaling through the Na+/H+ Exchanger NHX-7 during a Rhythmic Behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans

Membrane proton transporters contribute to pH homeostasis but have also been shown to transmit information between cells in close proximity through regulated proton secretion. For example, the nematode intestinal Na(+)/H(+) exchanger NHX-7 causes adjacent muscle cells to contract by transiently acidifying the extracellular space between the intestine and muscle. NHX-7 operates during a Ca(2+)-dependent rhythmic behavior and contains several conserved motifs for regulation by Ca(2+) input, including motifs for calmodulin and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate binding, protein kinase C- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II phosphorylation, and a binding site for calcineurin homologous protein. Here, we tested the idea that Ca(2+) input differentiates proton signaling from pH housekeeping activity. Each of these motifs was mutated, and their contribution to NHX-7 function was assessed. These functions included pH recovery from acidification in cells in culture expressing recombinant NHX-7, extracellular acidification measured during behavior in live moving worms, and muscle contraction strength as a result of this acidification. Our data suggest that multiple levels of Ca(2+) input regulate NHX-7, whose transport capacity normally exceeds the minimum necessary to cause muscle contraction. Furthermore, extracellular acidification limits NHX-7 proton transport through feedback inhibition, likely to prevent metabolic acidosis from occurring. Our findings are consistent with an integrated network whereby both Ca(2+) and pH contribute to proton signaling. Finally, our results obtained by expressing rat NHE1 in Caenorhabditis elegans suggest that a conserved mechanism of regulation may contribute to cell-cell communication or proton signaling by Na(+)/H(+) exchangers in mammals.
Stable Isotope Variations in Extraterrestrial Materials

The materials of the planets and the small bodies of the solar system contain a rich record of stable isotope variations in the light elements. As in terrestrial isotope geochemistry, this record reflects physical and chemical processes involving isotopic mixing among different reservoirs as well as fractionations arising in chemical reactions. The processes that influence the isotopic records of extraterrestrial materials range widely in environmental conditions from very high-energy events such as formation of refractory inclusions and chondrules by evaporation, condensation and melting in the solar nebula to lower temperature fluid-rock interactions in asteroids and planets. In addition, however, stable isotope cosmochemistry must consider issues that are beyond the scope of isotope geochemistry. For example, in the terrestrial sphere one may assume the existence of an isotopic reservoir that was originally homogenized during planet formation and the actual isotope compositions of the bulk earth do not need to be known in order to study the differences in stable isotope compositions that have been generated subsequently by various geochemical processes. This assumption of homogenization cannot be made for extraterrestrial samples, and in fact stable isotopes in meteorites preserve some of the most dramatic evidence for the incomplete nature of the mixing of distinct presolar materials during formation of the solar system. Such ‘isotopic anomalies’ are present in the isotopic distributions of H, C, N, and O on all spatial scales—from microscopic zoning in certain meteoritic minerals to the bulk compositions of asteroids and planets. Thus, some of the isotopic heterogeneities of ‘primitive’ solar system materials represent vestiges of primordial differences that could not be fully erased during the processing of presolar materials. In other cases, isotopic heterogeneities reflect the preservation of unique clues to processes occurring during formation of the solar system and planetary accretion, including early ‘geologic activity’ on planetesimals …
Effects of Localized Vibration on the Human Tactile Sense

Diminished tactile sensitivity was induced temporarily in the hands of subjects who gripped a vibrating hand dynamometer. Effects of combinations of various vibration frequencies (30, 60, 120, 240, 480 Hz), power inputs (three levels), and grip strengths (6, 12, 18 1b.) were investigated. Loss of sensitivity was frequency-dependent, being greatest at 60, 120, and 240 Hz. Increased power input to the dynamometer caused increased loss of sensitivity. Grip strength was not found to be a significant factor. Results may be explained through considerations of transfer and absorption of vibrational energy.
The Psychology of Scientific Explanation

Philosophers agree that scientific explanations aim to produce understanding, and that good ones succeed in this aim. But few seriously consider what understanding is, or what the cues are when we have it. If it is a psychological state or process, describing its specific nature is the job of psychological theorizing. This article examines the role of understanding in scientific explanation. It warns that the seductive, phenomenological sense of understanding is often, but mistakenly, viewed as a cue of genuine understanding. The article closes with a discussion of several new paths of research that tie the psychology of scientific explanation to cognate notions of learning, testimony, and understanding.
The physiological and behavioral effects of radio music on singly housed baboons.

: The response of four singly caged baboons to radio music was measured using behavioral and physiological indices. Heart rate and blood pressure, measured through a tether system, as well as behavior, were recorded during a two-week period in which radio music was available in half of the samples. The behavior of the subjects, as well as their blood pressure, did not vary in relation to radio music. Heart rate was significantly lower when the radio was on.
GLP-1 receptor signaling contributes to anorexigenic effect of centrally administered oxytocin in rats

The present study examined possible interactions between central glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and oxytocin (OT) neural systems by determining whether blockade of GLP-1 receptors attenuates OT-induced anorexia and vice versa. Male rats were acclimated to daily 4-h food access. In the first experiment, rats were infused centrally with GLP-1 receptor antagonist or vehicle, followed by an anorexigenic dose of synthetic OT. Access to food began 20 min later. Cumulative food intake was measured every 30 min for 4 h. In the second experiment, rats were infused with OT receptor blocker or vehicle, followed by synthetic GLP-1 [(7-36) amide]. Subsequent food intake was monitored as before. The anorexigenic effect of OT was eliminated in rats pretreated with the GLP-1 receptor antagonist. Conversely, GLP-1-induced anorexia was not affected by blockade of OT receptors. In a separate immunocytochemical study, OT-positive terminals were found closely apposed to GLP-1-positive perikarya, and central infusion of OT activated c-Fos expression in GLP-1 neurons. These findings implicate endogenous GLP-1 receptor signaling as an important downstream mediator of anorexia in rats after activation of central OT neural pathways.
Centesis Studies in Critical Care

Critical care nurses have a vital role in caring for patients undergoing centesis studies. Any centesis procedure involves puncturing a body cavity, joint, organ, or space with a hollow needle to withdraw fluid. All centesis studies are invasive procedures, typically performed for either therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. Because there are a variety of centesis procedures that the critical care nurse might encounter, the following centesis procedures are discussed in depth: amniocentesis, arthrocentesis, lumbar puncture, paracentesis, pericardiocentesis, and thoracentesis. By becoming more familiar with each of these procedures, the critical care nurse gains confidence in caring for clients when these procedures are indicated.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(p-phenylenephosphine)s

P-Substituted poly(p-phenylenephosphine)s were prepared via palladium catalyzed carbon–phosphorus bond formation.
Effect of Ternary Additions on the Microstructural Stability and Oxidation Characteristics of Ti-48 Al

Oxidation behavior of binary Ti-48 Al and ternary alloys with 1.5 at.% Cr, 1.4 at.%Mn, 0.2 at.% W, 2.2 at% V, 20 vol.% TiNb particles were examined in an air atmosphere at 704°C, 815°C and 982°C. Results indicate that the addition of Cr is detrimental at all temperatures. The Cr and V containing alloys exhibited a linear oxidation behavior at 815°C while the Mn containing alloy showed a linear behavior at 982°C. At 982 °C the alloys with W and V exhibit the best oxidation behavior. The mechanism of oxidation has been explained with the help of a simple vacancy model for oxygen diffusion.
Early Cultivated Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) from an Intermontane Peruvian Valley

Examples of fully domesticated common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus) were recovered from deposits in Guitarrero Cave (PAn 14-102) in the Callejon de Huaylas, Ancash, Peru. Carbon-14 dates for stratum II, in which the earliest beans were found, range from 7,680 ± 280 to 10,000 ± 300 years before the present.
A model of charge transfer in bucket brigade and charge-coupled devices

Investigation of bucket brigade (BB) and charge-coupled devices (CCD) has resulted in the development of a general model for these devices and their various modes of operation. Similarities and differences between BB and CCD are discussed. The nonlinear partial differential equation of charge motion composed of self-induced drift, thermal diffusion, and electrode fringe-field terms is used to study CCD numerically. The factors that affect charge transfer are investigated by varying the stored charge density, the device length, the transfer-gate-to-storage electrode voltage, and the fringe field. The results include several plots of charge transfer vs time.
Description of the UMass system as used for MUC-6

Information extraction research at the University of Massachusetts is based on portable, trainable language processing components. Some components are more effective than others, some have been under development longer than others, but in all cases, we are working to eliminate manual knowledge engineering. Although UMass has participated in previous MUC evaluations, all of our information extraction software has been redesigned and rewritten since MUC-5, so we are evaluating a completely new system this year.
Inductive interconnect width optimization for low power

The width of an interconnect line affects the total power consumed by a circuit. A tradeoff exists, however, between the dynamic power and the short-circuit power in determining the width of inductive interconnects. The optimum line width that minimizes the total transient power dissipation is determined in this paper. A closed form solution for the optimum width with an error of less than 6% is presented. For a specific set of line parameters and resistivities, the power is reduced by almost 80% as compared to a minimum wire width. Considering the driver size in the design process, the optimum wire and driver size that minimizes the total transient power is also determined.
Homocysteine and other vascular risk factors in patients with phenylketonuria on a diet.

UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to investigate the known risk factors, such as lipids, homocysteine and endothelin, for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) in phenylketonuria (PKU) patients, depending on their diet. The PKU patients (n = 74) were divided into two groups. Group A (n = 34; mean age 6.78 +/- 1.5 y) adhered strictly to a diet and group B (n = 40; mean age 8.0 +/- 3.2 y) did not comply with the diet. The control group comprised 50 healthy non-PKU children. All groups were evaluated for blood levels of homocysteine and vitamin B6 by high-performance liquid chromatography, vitamin B12 and folate in serum by a radioassay, lipids by a routine method, and lipoprotein(a) and endothelin-1 with an immunoassay. Homocysteine levels (28.65 +/- 3.3 micromol l(-1)) were increased in group A compared with group B (6.86 +/- 1.6 micromol l(-1)) and the controls (6.9 +/- 2.0 micromol l(-1)) (p < 0.001). Vitamin B6 (10.7 +/- 10.9 nmol l(-1)), vitamin B12 (98.5 +/- 22.3 pmol l(-1)), folate (2.35 +/- 1.3 nmol l(-1)) and lipids were decreased in group A. The other vascular risk factors, which were not dependent on diet [lipoprotein(a) and endothelin-1], did not differ among the three groups. CONCLUSION PKU patients on a strict diet had low vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and folate levels resulting in moderate hyperhomocysteinaemia. The evaluation of these vitamins at short intervals and their supplementation could be an early measure in the prevention of CAD.
A controller for the logistic equations

Abstract We demonstrate that the synchronization controller recently proposed for the logistic equations can be generalized. Using the generalized controller, chaotic systems can be synchronized to and with other linear or chaotic systems.
Efficient nanoscale photonic devices and monolithic electronic-photonic subsystems in sub-100 nm SOI CMOS

We demonstrate efficient photonic devices that rely on sub-100nm features in unmodified 45nm SOI CMOS, including photonic crystals, array-antenna grating couplers, and modulators. We then show monolithically integrated electronic-photonic systems comprising millions of transistors and thousands of photonic devices, including a complete chip-to-chip photonic link.
Biological Significance of C-met Over Expression in Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma

Purpose: Hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma is associated with mutations of the c-met proto-oncogene. Similar aberrations have been described at a molecular level in up to 13% of sporadic papillary renal cell carcinomas. We assessed c-met expression in papillary renal cell carcinomas and evaluated the prognostic significance of c-met expression in patients with this tumor.Materials and Methods: We performed immunohistochemical testing to identify c-met expression in archival specimens of 55 papillary renal cell carcinomas in 51 patients. Only 1 patient reported a family history of renal malignancy.Results: We identified c-met protein expression in the cytoplasm and cell membrane of 80% and 56% of these tumors, respectively. c-met expression significantly correlated with higher stage tumors (p = 0.004) but it was not associated with Fuhrman nuclear grade (p = 0.157). A trend toward a higher overall survival rate was noted in patients in whom tumors did not express c-met but this association failed t...
LANDSCAPE‐SCALE CHANGES IN PLANT SPECIES ABUNDANCE AND BIODIVERSITY OF A SAGEBRUSH STEPPE OVER 45 YEARS

Increasing demands on arid and semiarid ecosystems, which comprise one-third of Earth's terrestrial environment, create an urgent need to understand their biodiversity, function, and mechanisms of change. Sagebrush (Artemisia) steppe, the largest semiarid vegetation type in North America, is endangered because of losses to agriculture, excessive grazing, and invasive species. Establishment in 1950 of what is now designated as the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (southeastern Idaho, USA) created the largest existing reserve of this extensive vegetation type. We used cover, density, and frequency data for vascular plants sampled on 79 permanent plots nine times during 45 years to (1) assess long-term changes in abundance and distribution of major species and life forms, (2) assess changes in species richness and plot similarity, and (3) test the hypotheses that plant cover and stability of cover are positively associated with species richness and that invasibility is inversely relate...
Abortion: teaching why as well as how.

For both of us abortion has been a priority throughout our careers. It has been and is a positive and fulfilling professional and personal focus. Normally a simple medical task does not matter so much but this one does. The experience of women seeking abortion is so burdened by intimidation and shame that it takes a serious dose of kindness respect and support to overcome the harmful effects of the political and social context in which we all live. Abortion care is one of the few medical services we provide that can quickly and effectively resolve a major problem in an individual woman’s life. We can make sure that the experience that women or couples have validates them as human beings supports their willingness to take charge of their lives and recognizes that decisions about pregnancy and parenthood are important moral choices. (excerpt)
Fluorescence spectroscopy of electrochemically self-assembled ZnSe and Mn:ZnSe nanowires.

We report room temperature fluorescence spectroscopy (FL) studies of ZnSe and Mn-doped ZnSe nanowires of different diameters (10, 25, 50 nm) produced by an electrochemical self-assembly technique. All samples exhibit increasing blue-shift in the band edge fluorescence with decreasing wire diameter because of quantum confinement. The 10 nm ZnSe nanowires show four distinct emission peaks due to band-to-band recombination, exciton recombination, recombination via surface states and via band gap (trap) states. The exciton binding energy in these nanowires exhibits a giant increase (~10-fold) over the bulk value due to quantum confinement, since the effective wire radius (taking into account side depletion) is smaller than the exciton Bohr radius in bulk ZnSe. The 25 and 50 nm diameter wires show only a single FL peak due to band-to-band electron–hole recombination. In the case of Mn-doped ZnSe nanowires, the band edge luminescence in 10 nm samples is significantly quenched by Mn doping but not the exciton luminescence, which remains relatively unaffected. We observe additional features due to Mn2+ ions. The spectra also reveal that the emission from Mn2+ states increases in intensity and is progressively red-shifted with increasing Mn concentration.
Viable Borrelia burgdorferi in the urine of two clinically normal horses.

Diagnosticiansshould be aware of the possibilities of these concurrent viralinfections in raccoons with neurologic disorders.Acknowledgements We thank G. Moser, B. Lehman, andS. Hindman for technical assistance. This work was sup-ported by grants from the Pennsylvania Department of Ag-riculture and the Laboratory of Large Animal Pathology,University of Pennsylvania.References
A labor market based theory of regional economic development

The Borts and Stein (1964) theory of regional economic growth and development has been widely accepted and discussed in regional economic development literature. Given their assumption that labor demand conditions are invariant between regions and that the labor demand is highly wage elastic, they conclude that regional growth is primarily supply driven and differences in growth among regions arise due to differences in the growth of labor supply assuming that wage elasticity of labor supply is the same across regions. Muth (1968, 1971) claims to have verified the Borts and Steins (BS) conclusion. We propose a regional labor market based model of economic development similar to BS with certain modifications in assumptions and show that the Borts-Stein-Muth (BSM) conclusion is based upon a narrow view of labor demand and supply elasticities. Our theory demonstrates that regional development is mainly labor demand driven once we adopt a broader view of elasticities. The broader view incorporates the direct effect of wages on labor supply and labor demand as well as the indirect effects of wages through changes in inmigration and firms' formations in a region.
The Consideration of Depletion in After- Tax Optimization Models

The consideration of taxes in economic-optimization models serves in most cases, if not all, as a complicating factor. This is especially the case in dealing with depletable resources such as coal, in which not only depreciation but also depletion must be taken into account. This article shows how depletion may be efficiently modeled and incorporated into existing depletable-resource-development models. The treatment of depletion in some previous resource development models is reviewed. Several linear-programming (either continuous or moxed-integer) development models that have as their objective the maximization of before-tax or after-tax cash flows are presented, ignoring depletion. The method to incorporate depletion into these development models is outlined. The author also discusses the additional computational burden that is added by considering depletion in the model. 12 references, 6 figures, 1 appendix.
Correlation between electrical resistance and microstructure in gold wirebonds on aluminum films

Gold ball bonds attached to either pure Al films or Al films with Cu and Si additions were annealed at temperatures in the range 77-277 degrees C for periods of up to 3000 h. Electrical resistance of the bonds was measured to within +or-1 m Omega using a manual four-probe arrangement with an applied current of up to 100 mA. Nonlinear multiple regression analysis of the data produced an empirical model for the resistance increase up to 8 m Omega . The resistance increases are related to the intermetallic phases and void configurations observed. >
Knocking on the door to the teaching profession? Modeling the entry of prospective teachers into the workforce

We use a unique longitudinal sample of student teachers (“interns”) from six Washington state teacher training institutions to investigate patterns of entry into the teaching workforce. We estimate split population models that simultaneously estimate the impact of individual characteristics and student teaching experiences on the timing and probability of initial hiring as a public school teacher. Not surprisingly, we find that interns endorsed to teach in “difficult-to-staff” areas are more likely to find employment as public school teachers than interns endorsed in other areas. Younger interns, white interns, and interns who completed their student teaching in suburban schools are also more likely to find a teaching job, all else equal. Prospective teachers who do their internships at schools that have more teacher turnover are more likely to find employment, often at those schools. On the other hand, few of the characteristics of an intern's cooperating teacher are predictive of workforce entry. Finally, interns with higher credential exam scores are more likely to be hired by the school where they did their student teaching.
Dynamic Throughput Optimization in Wireless Multi-Hop Networks

In this paper, we study the throughput optimization problem in wireless multi-hop networks. For this problem, we introduce a cross-layer formulation to accommodate routing, scheduling and stream control from different layers of network with relevant constraints. Specially, by using a Lagrangian approach and a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, we extend the programming-based formulation to a distributed algorithm that can dynamically approximate the optimal solution without the overhead of centralization. Finally, through computational results, we discuss the insight that can be gained from the cross-layer optimization and the distributed algorithm.
Laryngeal Contact Ulcers in Feedlot Cattle

Of 30,444 larynges from fattened cattle at three companies, 3,985 (13.1%) had contact ulcers or ulcer scars in the mucous membranes over the vocal processes and medial angles of the arytenoid cartilages. The incidence was higher in cattle fed during fall than in cattle fed during other seasons. We hypothesize: 1. that some feedlot cattle develop acute mucositis from mixed infections with species of Pasteurella, Haemophilus, Mycoplasma, and viruses in the nose, pharynx, and larynx; 2. that reflex coughing and swallowing accelerate the rate of larynx closure; and 3. that the closures erode the swollen membrane over the vocal processes and medial angles of the arytenoid cartilages and thus produce primary contact ulcers.
Correction to “An Inverse Problem Approach for Elasticity Imaging through Vibroacoustics” [Apr 10 1012-1021]

In the above titled paper (ibid., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1012-1021, Apr. 10), part of the first footnote was not correct. It should have appeared as presented here.
On the modulus of particulate-filled composites: Application of van der Poel's equation

Application of the van der Poel equation (as recently corrected and simplified by Smith) to modulus-composition data on polymer composites is discussed. The van der Poel equation is in good agreement with experimental results on systems for which the ratio of filler to matrix modulus is either much less than or, if the filler particles are large enough, much greater than unity. For these systems, it is shown that the van der Poel equation is essentially equivalent to an empirically modified form of the Kerner equation. Discrepancies between the van der Poel equation and experimental modulus values for the remaining systems are analyzed in terms of an effective volume fraction veff. A functional form for veff found to be in agreement with experimental results on several systems is: veff = vf + k′(vf/d)2/3 where vf is filler volume fraction, d is filler particle size, and k′ is an empirical parameter. For the systems studied, k′ ranges between 0.28 and 1 μm2/3.
Melting of compressed iron by monitoring atomic dynamics

We present a novel method for detecting the solid–liquid phase boundary of compressed iron at high temperatures using synchrotron Mossbauer spectroscopy (SMS). Our approach is unique because the dynamics of the iron atoms are monitored. This process is described by the Lamb–Mossbauer factor, which is related to the mean-square displacement of the iron atoms. Focused synchrotron radiation with 1 meV bandwidth passes through a laser-heated ^(57)Fe sample inside a diamond-anvil cell, and the characteristic SMS time signature vanishes when melting occurs. At our highest compression measurement and considering thermal pressure, we find the melting point of iron to be T_M=3025±115 K at P=82±5 GPa. When compared with previously reported melting points for iron using static compression methods with different criteria for melting, our melting trend defines a steeper positive slope as a function of pressure. The obtained melting temperatures represent a significant step toward a reliable melting curve of iron at Earth's core conditions. For other terrestrial planets possessing cores with liquid portions rich in metallic iron, such as Mercury and Mars, the higher melting temperatures for compressed iron may imply warmer internal temperatures.
Matching with the Stars: What Determines Celebrity Endorsement Contract Formation?

Celebrity endorsement research studies how the characteristics of firms and celebrities featured in promotional campaigns influence consumer attitudes and firm value. Before these campaigns are launched, firms and celebrities first negotiate at length to sign a celebrity endorsement contract. Current research has not investigated what determines the formation of these contracts - thus, firms lack advice as to their chances of landing a contract with their ideal celebrity. We fill this gap in the literature. Using two-sided matching theory, we conceptualize the celebrity endorsement negotiation process as a two-sided matching market, and develop an empirical model of endorsement partner selection that allows extant theoretical models - source credibility, match-up hypothesis, and meaning transfer theory - to be tested in the context of firms’ and celebrities’ mutual choices. We estimate the model using a dataset of 120 endorsement contracts in the beauty industry. We find that brand personality is a major driver of endorsement partnerships and that recognition - celebrities’ presence in the entertainment industry - moderates how appealing different contracts may be. For example, contracts between sophisticated, recognized celebrities and sophisticated firms can be up to ten times more appealing for both parties as compared to contracts with sophisticated, but unrecognized celebrities. Thus, our results serve as a blueprint for firms to determine their likelihood of landing a contract with different types of celebrities.
Contraceptive of choice for disabled (handicapped) person.

The primary objective of this discussion is to identify the disabled individual and to establish guidelines for provision of contraceptive methods for those who seek such services. The following classifications are designed as a guide for identification of disability and are accompanied by a brief description of the disease or condition and the indicated method of contraception: mobility impairment blindness and visual impairment deafness and hearing impairment deaf-blind combination mental impairment; chemical dependency (drug abuse) and alcoholism speech and language disorders disabling birth defects learning disabilities and associated disorders ostomies major chronic diseases and other disabling disorders. The physicians office or the clinic facility must have easy access for the disabled individual; Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 should be complied with. Depending on the type of disability there is a variety of ways to communicate with the disabled person. At times the best way is to ask the disabled person how she or he wishes to communicate. With a few exceptions sexuality is not affected by certain disabilities but the current level of sexual interest or activities may be altered by the disease or trauma. It is essential that sexual counseling be a part of contraceptive provision to the disabled person. It is necessary to explore other sexual alternatives such as different positions at the time of intercourse oral or anal sex mutual masturbation and so forth. When indicated genetic counseling should be provided. The contraceptive method prescribed must be safe effective simple to use and acceptable by the disabled person. Some of the most effective methods may be contraindicated or unavailable or unacceptable for use in this group of consumers. For example oral contraceptives are contraindicated when there are circulatory problems immobility of extremities history of cardiovascular accident or serious organic disease. The IUD may be contraindicated in the mobility impaired group and barrier methods may not be possible.
A Tale of Two Incumbencies

Seven-term representative, Beverly Byron (D) of the Sixth District in Maryland, was the first incumbent to be defeated in the 1992 primaries. Her loss was perceived as a harbinger of major change in Congress, and marked an exception to Fenno's notion that Americans hate Congress yet love their own member of Congress. Her opponent, Thomas Hattery, fit the pundits' expectations as an agent of change. A young, progressive state legislator, Hattery won by aggressively campaigning against Byron as an out-of-touch incumbent whose lifestyle and views no longer matched those of her district. Yet, his “outsider” persona masked a highly professionalized and well-funded campaign. Only eight months later, the man who had capitalized on citizen dissatisfaction with Congress went down to defeat by Roscoe Bartlett (R). Bartlett, a successful businessman and educator with no elective experience and highly conservative positions, captured 54% of the vote, including majorities in counties that had given Hattery strong primary support. The tables had turned: Hattery had become the insider whom the historically conservative Sixth District voters repudiated. Paradoxically, although the Sixth District race exemplified change, Bartlett differed little from the previous incumbent.
Identification of Legionella in air-conditioning systems of three large hotel in Linyi city with PCR technology

Objective:To fast detect Legionella in the samples which are plucked from three hotels through combining traditional detection with PCR technology.Methods:To treat samples which are plucked and vaccinate them on GVPC agar plate,and then to select suspicious colonies and vaccinate them on BCYEα plate,at last,to identify suspicious colonies by biochemical test and PCR technology.Results:Bacteria were found in two strains of non-lungphilic Legionella.Conclusion:It is possible to identify Legionella fleetly from samples through combining traditional detection with PCR technology.
Exterior statistics based boundary conditions for representative volume elements of elastic composites

Abstract Statistically equivalent representative volume elements or SERVEs are representations of the microstructure that are used for micromechanical simulations to generate homogenized material constitutive responses and properties ( Swaminathan et al., 2006a , Ghosh, 2011 ). Typically, a SERVE is generated from the parent microstructure as a statistically equivalent region, whose size is determined from the requirements of convergence of macroscopic properties. Standard boundary conditions, such as affine transformation-based displacement boundary conditions (ATDBCs), uniform traction boundary conditions (UTBCs) or periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) are conventionally applied on the SERVE boundary for micromechanical simulations. However, when the microstructure is characterized by arbitrary, nonuniform distributions of heterogeneities, these simple boundary conditions do not represent the effect of regions exterior to the SERVE. Improper boundary conditions can result in significantly larger than optimal SERVE domains, needed for converged properties. In an attempt to overcome the limitations of the conventional boundary conditions on the SERVE, this paper explores the effect of boundary conditions that incorporate the statistics of the exterior region on the SERVE of elastic composites. Using Green's function based interaction kernels, coupled with statistical functions of the microstructural characteristics like one-point and two-point correlation functions, a novel exterior statistics-based boundary condition or ESBC is derived for the SERVE. The advantages of the ESBC are established by comparing with results of simulations using conventional boundary conditions. Results of the SERVE simulations subjected to ESBCs are also compared with those from other popular methods like statistical volume element (SVE) and weighted statistical volume element (WSVE). The proposed ESBCs offer significant advantages over other methods in the SERVE-based analysis of heterogeneous materials.
Relationship between body fat and postweaning interval to estrus in primiparous sows.

Twenty-two primiparous Yorkshire sows were used to determine whether a minimal threshold of body fat exists below which the return to estrus is delayed. A second objective was to examine the relationship between body fat and interval from weaning to estrus in restricted-fed sows. During lactation (28 d), sows received 7, 9, 11 or 13 Mcal of ME daily to produce a range of sow body fatness at weaning. Intake of all dietary essentials except ME was similar for all sows. Litter size was adjusted to 10 pigs for all sows by d 3 postpartum. Each day from weaning to estrus, sows received 110 kcal ME per kg metabolic body weight plus 1,359 kcal ME per sow. Body fat was estimated at weaning and at first postweaning estrus by deuterium oxide dilution. Last rib backfat depth was determined ultrasonically 24 h postpartum and at weaning. Irrespective of dietary ME intake, percentage body fat at weaning (R2 = .24; P less than .05) and first postweaning estrus (R2 = .03; P greater than .50) accounted for only a small portion of variation in interval from weaning to estrus. Likewise, loss of backfat depth during lactation was not an accurate predictor of interval from weaning to estrus (R2 = .24; P less than .05). The low coefficients of determination (less than .25) suggest that body fat is a minor controller of postweaning interval to estrus. In contrast, dietary ME intake during lactation accounted for the largest portion of the variation (R2; = .48; P less than .01) in postweaning interval to estrus. We conclude that timing of postweaning estrus in primiparous sows is not dependent on a minimal threshold of body fat. Furthermore, effects of lactational ME intake on the postweaning interval to estrus are more pronounced than the effects of body fat.
Selective surgical management based upon clinical status in infants with esophageal atresia.

Fifty-six patients with esophageal atresia and distal tracheoesophageal fistula (Vogt-Gross type C) have been treated at our institution since 1966. The methods of treatment have been individualized according to gestational age, birth weight, pulmonary status, and coexistence of other major anomalies. Three distinct approaches have evolved: Immediate primary repair is reserved for infants weighing more than 2 kilograms who have no major anomalies and satisfactory pulmonary status. Delayed primary repair is used in infants of adequate weight (more than 2 kilograms) who have significant but reversible pulmonary changes, with anticipated recovery within I week, and in those in whom several days are required for evaluation of an associated congenital anomaly; we temporize by upper pouch suction, gastrostomy, and antibiotics. Staged repair is used in premature and severely distressed infants as well as in those with cardiac lesions of surgical priority; staging consists of upper pouch suction, gastrostomy, retropleural division of the fistula, or gastric division, with subsequent transpleural repair in 4 to 8 weeks. The surgical approach to each of these infants has been selected after assessment of all aspects of their clinical condition. Flexibility in treatment, which is predicated upon previously established criteria, seems superior to any single surgical plan.
Forging a future in memory: New technologies, new markets, new applications

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on new technologies, markets, and applications in the memory management industry. Some of the specific topics discussed include: technology life cycles; NOR, NAND, and DRAM scaling; performance and density comparisons; memory reliability; system solutions, NAND versus PCM, 2010 - 2016; and factors that will drive changes in memory technologies.
Mississippian brachiopod biostratigraphy and the Osagean-Meramecian boundary in south-central Indiana

Stratigraphic distribution of two key brachiopod species in the Ramp Creek Formation and Harrodsburg Limestone (middle Mississippian) in south-central Indiana suggests the boundary between the Osagean and Meramecian Series lies in the lower part of the Ramp Creek Formation. Marginirugus magnus (Meek and Worthen), an Osagean index fossil, ranges into the lower part of the Ramp Creek Formation. Warsawia lateralis (Hall), a Meramecian index fossil, also occurs in the lower part of the Ramp Creek Formation and in the lower part of the Harrodsburg Limestone. Thus, the upper part of the Edwardsville Formation and lower part of the Ramp Creek Formation in Indiana are temporally equivalent to the lower half of the Warsaw Formation in the Mississippi Valley. The upper part of the Ramp Creek Formation and the lower part of the Harrodsburg Limestone are temporally equivalent to the upper half of the Warsaw Formation.
The role of sociodemographic risk and maternal behavior in the prediction of infant attachment disorganization

Predictors of infant attachment disorganization were examined among 203 primiparous mothers (52% European American, 48% African American) and their infants (104 female). The Strange Situation Procedure was administered at one year. Global maternal insensitivity and overtly negative maternal behavior were observed during distress-eliciting tasks when infants were six months and one year old. Mothers reported on their demographics to yield a measure of sociodemographic risk (i.e., age, education, income-to-needs). Overtly negative maternal behavior was positively associated with the infant attachment disorganization rating scale score, but did not predict being classified as disorganized. Global maternal insensitivity was associated with higher attachment disorganization, both the rating and the classification, when sociodemographic risk was high but not when sociodemographic risk was low. The pattern of results did not vary by maternal race. The results provide some support for the view that negative maternal behavior and the combination of sociodemographic risk and global maternal insensitivity play a role in the development of infant attachment disorganization.
Microgrids for base stations: Renewable energy prediction and battery bank management for effective state of charge control

This paper develops an integrated traffic-power control algorithm based on a previously proposed cellular networks study. A real-time battery bank state of charge (SOC) estimation technique is introduced using predicted renewable energy. The proposed approach allows the cellular networks system to be more resilient by increasing power supply availability and reducing the excessive discharges which cause the battery bank life reduction. With the aim of mostly powering a base station (BS) from photovoltaic (PV) systems, the newly proposed control algorithm is compared with the previous study based on SOC cumulative distribution function (CDF).
Liver X Receptors and Atherosclerosis It Is Not All Cholesterol

A critical event in the development of atherosclerosis is the recruitment of macrophages to the underlying epithelial layer of blood vessel walls and the uncontrolled uptake of oxidized/modified cholesterol. Continued accumulation of oxidized/modified cholesterol by macrophages and an associated inflammatory response leads to foam cell formation and the initiation of atherosclerosis.1 Reversing the process of macrophage cholesterol accumulation and inhibiting inflammation in the blood vessel wall have been held out as potential novel treatments for atherosclerosis; however, other than injectable forms of apolipoprotein A1,2 no drugs that either enhance macrophage cholesterol efflux or inhibit inflammation have been validated in the clinic for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. The liver X receptors (LXRα and LXRβ), members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, are promising drug targets for treating atherosclerosis because they regulate cholesterol efflux from macrophages at the transcriptional level …
Purple seduction in Sirk’s Written on the Wind

AbstractThis essay investigates Douglas Sirk’s highly nuanced use of the color purple in two of his so-called melodramas made for Universal Pictures in the 1950s: Magnificent Obsession and especially, Written on the Wind. With reference to Cezanne’s proto-cubist esthetic in which colored areas connect and disconnect, thereby undermining traditional representational art, the essay argues that Sirk employs similar techniques in fashioning cinematic spaces and the psychic effects of those spaces. This is especially apparent in a scene in Written on the Wind in which, through the interplay of light and the blurring of color boundaries, Sirk creates a modernist interior space in which his characters seem oblivious to the complex world of color they have entered. Color is for Sirk a means to elevate his films above a popular understanding of melodrama to one in which he might explore in a very sophisticated manner the inner workings of his characters.
SLOWER TITRATION OF LIRAGLUTIDE ACHIEVES BETTER TOLERABILITY IN SOME PATIENTS

ABSTRACT Objective: Liraglutide, when titrated according to the package insert, has a 20% incidence of nausea. More recently, liraglutide was studied in combination with insulin degludec. The titration schedule for the combination injection is considerably slower than that recommended for liraglutide alone, and has only a 9% incidence of nausea. Methods: A slower titration of liraglutide was administered to 3 patients who were unable to tolerate a higher dose due to nausea. Results: In all 3 patients, the slower titration allowed them to ultimately tolerate the higher dose. Conclusion: Slower titration of liraglutide may improve tolerability and should be considered as an “off-label” means of achieving slower, but improved, tolerability for this drug in some patients. A larger study looking at different titration schedules to see which achieves optimal tolerability in the shortest amount of time should be encouraged.
A Handy 'Cf.' or Two for Citation Studies

A note dated April 23, 1878, from Justice Joseph P. Bradley of the Supreme Court of the United States to Justice Amos R. Manning of the Supreme Court of Alabama, must have been quite gratifying to the recipient. It assured Manning – who already knew his opinion in Meyer v. Johnston was the law of the land in Alabama – that the opinion had a significant influence on the law of the land nationwide as well. That made for a nice note, but not a very interesting one for anyone other than Manning. Today, though, that note is more interesting, not for what it said, but for what it did not say – about how the Supreme Court treated Meyer v. Johnston and its author, and why.