cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temporal Analysis of Valence & Electrostatics in Ion-Motive Sodium Pump.

The present work establishes a unique framework for the simulation study of ion-motive pumps in general and the Na+/K+-ATPase, or Na+ pump, in particular. We shall discuss the implications of electrostatic analysis, valence calculations, and protein cavity data, each carried over data extracted from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, on the structure-function relationship of Na+/K+-ATPase. This diverse set of tools will be used to investigate atomic-level characteristics that remain undetermined such as ion binding and accessibility.
Superresolution imaging from limited-aperture optical diffracted field data.

The use of an optical waveguide to attain a numerical aperture of unity in computational coherent optical imaging applications is described. It is shown that for the case of a one-dimensional (slitlike) object radiating into an optical waveguide consisting of two plane-parallel mirrors the complex field amplitude across any cross section of the waveguide contains sufficient information to reconstruct the object’s transmittance function with a numerical aperture of unity. We include the derivation of an inversion algorithm for performing the object reconstruction as well as computer simulations of the procedure.
Synthesis of zeolite MCM-22 under rotating and static conditions

Abstract The hydrothermal crystallization of zeolite MCM-22 was investigated at 423 K in the Na 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -H 2 O-hexamethyleneimine (HMI) system under rotating and static synthesis conditions. Three different silica sources: silicic acid, silica gel, and Ultrasil precipitated silica were used. Under rotating conditions, all investigated silica sources yielded zeolite MCM-22. Silicic acid with the highest specific surface area ( S =750 m 2 g −1 ) had the shortest overall crystallization time followed by silica gel ( S =500 m 2 g −1 ) and Ultrasil ( S =176 m 2 g −1 ). Under static conditions only silicic acid resulted in zeolite MCM-22 and only with stirred aging or static aging. Reaction composition diagrams and crystallization kinetics for zeolite MCM-22 grown under both rotating and static (with 24-h static aging at 318 K) conditions were determined at constant HMI/SiO 2 =0.35 and H 2 O/SiO 2 =19.5 ratios. Static syntheses resulted in a slightly narrower crystallization field than did rotating syntheses. Under both synthesis conditions, the mixtures with decreasing SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 (increasing Al content) resulted in a decreased induction period. However, decreasing SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 did not significantly influence the crystallization rate. Thus, the Al content of the synthesis mixture affected more the nucleation than the actual crystal growth. In mixtures with identical compositions, the final particle size was smaller and crystallization rate was higher in syntheses carried out under rotating synthesis conditions. These results suggest that silica dissolution was the rate-determining step in the crystallization of MCM-22, and that aging resulted in the formation of zeolite MCM-22 nuclei. Agitation prevented the excessive aggregation of the platelets into lamellar particles of MCM-22, but was not necessary for its formation.
Statistical Power, the Bispectrum, and the Search for Non-Gaussianity in the Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy

We use simulated maps of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy to quantify the ability of different statistical tests to discriminate between Gaussian and non-Gaussian models. Despite the central limit theorem on large angular scales, both the genus and extrema correlations are able to discriminate between Gaussian models and a semianalytic texture model selected as a physically motivated non-Gaussian model. When run on the COBE 4 year CMB maps, both tests prefer the Gaussian model. Although the bispectrum has comparable statistical power when computed on the full sky, once a Galactic cut is imposed on the data, the bispectrum loses the ability to discriminate between models. Off-diagonal elements of the bispectrum are comparable to the diagonal elements for the non-Gaussian texture model and must be included to obtain maximum statistical power.
Antigen receptor loci poised for V(D)J rearrangement are broadly associated with BRG1 and flanked by peaks of histone H3 dimethylated at lysine 4

In the earliest stages of antigen receptor assembly, D and J segments of the Ig heavy chain and T cell receptor β loci are recombined in B and T cells, respectively, whereas the V segments are not. Distinct distribution patterns of various histone modifications and the nucleosome-remodeling factor BRG1 are found at “active” (DJ) and “inactive” (V) regions. Striking “hotspots” of histone H3 dimethylated at lysine 4 (di-Me H3-K4) are localized at the ends of the active DJ domains of both the Ig heavy chain and T cell receptor β loci. BRG1 is not localized to specific sequences, as it is with transcriptional initiation, but rather associates with the entire active locus in a pattern that mirrors acetylation of histone H3. Within some inactive loci marked by H3-K9 dimethylation, two distinct levels of methylation are found in a nonrandom gene-segment-specific pattern. We suggest that the hotspots of di-Me H3-K4 are important marks for locus accessibility. The specific patterns of modification imply that the regulation of V(D)J recombination involves recruitment of specific methyltransferases in a localized manner.
Nature of the Atmospheric Dynamics on Venus from Power Spectrum Analysis of Mariner 10 Images

Power spectrum analysis of Mariner 10 images for planetary zonal wavenumbers no less than 3 and for latitudes in the range 55 deg S to 25 deg N yields spectra which show a systematic and apparently significant variation with latitude. Accordingly, average spectra are determined for three latitude zones: an equatorial region, a midlatitude region, and an intermediate zone. A comparison of the results for Venus with brightness distribution spectra for terrestrial clouds reveals similarities between the Venus midlatitude region spectrum and that for the equatorial region of the earth. The only indication of a departure from a general power law behavior for the Venus spectra is a flattening of the equatorial spectrum in the region of wavenumbers 3 and 4. The characteristics of the Venus image spectra appear to be compatible with the interpretation that the observable clouds lie in a region of high static stability with the inertial eddy motions corresponding to two-dimensional turbulence.
Is It All in a Word? The Effect of Issue Framing on Public Support for U.S. Spending on HIV/AIDS in Developing Countries:

The frequency of government foreign aid decisions influenced by pubic opinion has risen dramatically in the past few years. This study looks at the effect of issue framing on support for U.S. spending on HIV/AIDS in developing countries-specifically at how support changes when the phrase foreign aid is included or omitted from a survey question. Analyses reveal a significant effect of issue framing for women and Democrats. Omitting the phrase foreign aid is associated with increased support for U.S. spending among Democrats and decreased support among women. Regardless of issue framing blacks Hispanics and more educated individuals support U.S. spending on HIV/AIDS in developing countries. However when forced to decide between funds going overseas for HIV/AIDS in developing countries or remaining in the United States all respondents overwhelmingly support monies being used in the United States. (authors)
Benchmark study on glyphosate-resistant cropping systems in the United States. Part 5: Effects of glyphosate-based weed management programs on farm-level profitability.

BACKGROUND:Glyphosate-resistant(GR)cropshavechangedthewaygrowersmanageweedsandimplementcontrolstrategies. Since the introduction of GR crops, growers in many instances have relied on glyphosate almost exclusively to control a broad spectrum of weeds. This overreliance on glyphosate has resulted in the evolution of glyphosate resistance in some weed species. Growers and scientists are concerned about the sustainability of GR crops and glyphosate. When a grower is making decisions about weed control strategies, economic costs and benefits of the program are primary criteria for selection and implementation. Studies across six states were initiated in 2006 to compare the economics of using a weed resistance best managementpractice (BMP) system with a grower’s standard production system. RESULTS: Resistance BMP systems recommended by university scientists were more costly but provided similar yields and economic returns. Rotationof GR crops resulted ina highernet return(maize and soybean) compared with continuous GR crop (cotton or soybean) or rotating a GR crop with a non-GR crop (maize). CONCLUSION:GrowerscanimplementweedresistanceBMPsystemswiththeconfidencethattheirnetreturnswillbeequivalent in the short run, and, in the long term, resistance BMP systems will prevent or delay the evolution of GR weeds in their fields, resulting in substantial savings. c � 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
TH‐D‐AUD C‐03: When the Oxygen Level Matters Mostly During Radiation Therapy of Cervical Cancer?

Purpose: To investigate, at what time point in therapy the patient hemoglobin (Hgb) levels and the blood perfusion in cervical cancer have the greatest impact on outcome prediction of radiation/chemotherapy (RT/CT). Method and Materials: Eighty‐eight patients with cervical cancer stages IB2‐IVA were treated with standard RT/CT. Serial weekly blood tests, including Hgb levels, were collected and all patients underwent 4 serial DCE‐MRI: pre‐RT, at 2–2.5 weeks, at 4–5 weeks during RT and 1–2 months post‐RT. Mean follow‐up was 4.7 (range 0.1–9.0) years. Hgb level, representing systemic oxygenation, and the lowest 10th percentile of signal intensity within tumor (SI10), representing local tumor blood supply, were combined and evaluated for various time points to predict the effectiveness of RT/CT. Outcome analyses were carried out with Mann‐Whitney ranksum test and Kaplan‐Meier method. Results: In separate analyses, the best time for outcome prediction for either Hgb or SI10 was at 2–2.5 weeks into treatment and a dose of 20–25 Gy. The p‐value for local tumor control was <0.001 and 0.013 for Hgb2wk and SI102wk respectively, significantly better than at the other time points, ranging 0.02–0.4 for Hgb and 0.06–0.95 for SI10. Low tumor oxygenation, reflected by simultaneously low Hgb and low SI10, significantly correlated with local tumor recurrence. The 5‐year local recurrence rates are 45% vs. 7% at 2–2.5 weeks (p<0.001) respectively, compared to 36% vs. 9% at pre‐therapy (p=0.003), and 37% vs. 9% at 4–5 weeks (p=0.003). Conclusion: Combining information of patient Hgb levels and tumor perfusion provides a good indirect measure of the tumor oxygenation in cervical cancer. This study indicated that examinations performed early in therapy at a dose of 20–25 Gy, significantly correlated with therapy outcome, and could be used to identify early those patients at risk of local tumor recurrence.
On the complexity of or-parallelism

We formalize the implementation mechanisms required to support or-parallel execution of logic programs in terms of operations on dynamic data structures. Upper and lower bounds are derived, in terms of the number of operationsn performed on the data structure, for the problem of guaranteeing correct semantics during or-parallel execution. The lower bound Ω(lgn) formally proves the impossibility of achieving an ideal implementation (i.e., parallel implementation with constant time overhead per operation). We also derive an upper bound of $$\tilde O\left( {\sqrt[3]{n}} \right)$$ per operation for or-parallel execution. This upper bound is far better than what has been achieved in the existing or-parallel systems and indicates that faster implementations may be feasible.
Pinholes in pyrolytic oxide deposited on silicon and metals

Low temperature pyrolytic oxide films are deposited on silicon, aluminum, and molybdenum substrates and their pinhole density is investigated. Alumnium and molybdenum substates were prepared by depositing the metal films on oxidized silicon. Pinhole density in pyrolytic oxide is detected by electrophoretic decoration for silicon substrates, acid etching for aluminum substrates, and hot water dissolution for molybdenum substrates. Pinhole density decreased with increasing deposition temperature and film thickness, and with decreasing deposition rate. In general, the SiO2 deposited on chemical-mechanical polished silicon showed lower pinhole density than those deposited on metal substrates. Substrate surface defects and surface dust particles are major causes of pinholes in deposited SiO2.
Epigenetics meets next-generation sequencing

Next-generation sequencing is poised to unleash dramatic changes in every area of molecular biology. In the past few years, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) on tiled microarrays (ChIP-chip) has been an important tool for genome-wide mapping of DNA-binding proteins or histone modifications. Now, ChIP followed by direct sequencing of DNA fragments (ChIP-seq) offers superior data with less noise and higher resolution and is likely to replace ChIP-chip in the near future. We will describe advantages of this new technology and outline some of the issues in dealing with the data. ChIP-seq generates considerably larger quantities of data and the most challenging aspect for investigators will be computational and statistical analysis necessary to uncover biological insights hidden in the data.
Myosin heavy chain composition of single cells from avian slow skeletal muscle is strongly correlated with velocity of shortening during development.

We have determined the myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition (using a sensitive sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system) and the maximal velocity of shortening (Vmax) of single cells from neonatal and adult chicken anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscles. In addition, the MHC, myosin light chain, and regulatory protein (i.e., troponin and tropomyosin subunits) compositions of bundles of ALD fibers were determined at late embryonic, neonatal, and adult ages. At young ages, there are two MHCs in ALD muscle, SM1 and SM2, with SM1 decreasing in relative amount with increasing age, as shown previously by others. The mean Vmax of single fibers also decreases from neonatal to adult ages. A strong quantitative correlation is demonstrated between the specific MHC composition and Vmax among individual cells of the ALD muscle at several ages. Since virtually no changes occur in the regulatory protein and myosin light chain compositions of the ALD muscle between late embryonic and adult ages, it appears that the MHC composition of an individual cell in this muscle is the primary determinant of the maximal shortening velocity. These results are the first to illustrate the functional significance of the developmental transition in myosin heavy chain composition of an avian slow skeletal muscle, consistent with our previous findings on mammalian muscle.
Staging of head and neck squamous cell cancer with extended-field FDG-PET.

Background Accurate baseline staging is necessary to appropriately treat head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. [F-18]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is valuable for locoregional staging of primary head and neck disease. The effectiveness of FDG-PET for the detection of distant metastatic or synchronous disease remains unproven. Objective To investigate the utility of FDG-PET extended into the abdomen (extended-field FDG-PET) for wide-field staging of head and neck tumors. Methods This is a prospective institutional study of 35 consecutive patients diagnosed with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)-defined stage II-IV squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, or larynx between September 2000 and June 2002. Thirty-three patients (94%) were eligible for analysis. All patients were routinely staged with chest radiography, liver function tests, and extended-field FDG-PET. Chest or abdominal computed tomographic scans were used as corroborative studies and were obtained only when one of the above tests indicated distant disease. Results Of 33 patients, 7 (21%) had evidence of distant disease by extend-field FDG-PET—4 with metastases and 3 with synchronous primary cancers of the aerodigestive tract. [F-18]-fluorodeoxyglucose PET detected hepatic, bone, gastrointestinal, and mediastinal disease not identified by chest radiography or liver function tests. Two of the 7 patients with FDG-avid distant disease had false-negative staging by all other tests, including computed tomography. Conclusions Extended-field FDG-PET is feasible and may improve staging of primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Use of staging FDG-PET must be explicitly described in reports from centers engaged in prospective research to facilitate comparison with historical results.
RFID security concerns

Purpose – Increasing numbers of libraries are implementing RFID solutions supplementing or replacing their existing barcode systems. While RFIDs offer many time saving benefits and productivity enhancements, they also expose libraries and their patrons to a number of potential violations of patron privacy both inside and outside the library. In an era where there is an escalating, ongoing debate over libraries and patron privacy, RFIDs warrant further review. The purpose of this article is to explore the validity of some of these concerns and outline recommendations and best practices to minimize the risks to libraries and their patrons.Design/methodology/approach – An extensive review was made of the literature review with an argument for careful understanding of the issues.Findings – The potential risks associated with RFID security violations are a potential threat and any library implementing an RFID systen should be aware of all the facts before proceeding.Practical implications – RFID literature sho...
Applying Relapse Intervention Strategies to Habitual Health Problems in the Family

Relapse prevention (RP) has been a popular treatment approach to help clients maintain treatment gains. Although RP has not been extensively applied to families, it has been extensively applied to sex offenders and substance abusers. A variation of RP, the Relapse Prevention Model was developed by the authors to initially treat sex offenders and clients with habitual problematic patterns. Emphasis with the Relapse Prevention Model is on the following elements: identifying cycles and actively intervening by using specific coping skills. The theoretical basis is outlined. In this article, applications of the Relapse Prevention Model are discussed pertaining to habitual health problems within the family.
Emergence and nosocomial transmission of ampicillin-resistant enterococci.

Between 1986 and 1988, the incidence of ampicillin-resistant enterococci increased sevenfold at a university-affiliated hospital. Forty-three patients acquired nosocomial infections with ampicillin-resistant enterococci, most of which were also resistant to mezlocillin, piperacillin, and imipenem. An analysis of plasmid and chromosomal DNAs of isolates revealed that the increase was due to an epidemic of 19 nosocomial infections that yielded closely related strains of Enterococcus faecium and to a significant increase in the incidence of nonepidemic, largely unrelated strains of ampicillin-resistant enterococci. The nonepidemic strains were identified as E. faecium, E. raffinosus, E. durans, and E. gallinarum. A logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with nonepidemic resistant strains were 16 times more likely than controls to have received preceding therapy with imipenem. In our institution, the increase in the incidence of ampicillin-resistant enterococci appears to be due to the selection of various strains of resistant enterococci by the use of imipenem and to the nosocomial transmission of E. faecium and E. raffinosus. Images
Identifying factors controlling protein release from combinatorial biomaterial libraries via hybrid data mining methods.

Polyanhydrides are a class of degradable biomaterials that have shown much promise for applications in drug and vaccine delivery. Their properties can be tailored for controlled drug release, drug/protein stability, and immune regulation (adjuvant effect). Identifying the relationship between the molecular structures of the polymers and the drug release kinetics profiles would help understand the release mechanism and aid in the accurate prediction of drug release and the rational design of polymer-based drug carrier systems. The molecular structure descriptors that had the most impact on the release kinetics were identified using a prediction/optimization data mining approach. Using this new approach for modeling nonlinear release kinetics behavior, we determined that the descriptors which had the greatest effect on the release kinetics were the number of backbone −COO− nonconjugated bonds, the number of aromatic rings, and the number of −CH2− bonds.
Differential operators and primary ideals

Let A be a (commutative) Noetherian ring containing a field k. Let PC A be a prime ideal and let K be the field of fractions of A/P. The main result of this paper states that every P-primary ideal of A is the set of zeros of some finite dimensional coalgebra of differential operators from A to K. Actually, we make an additional finiteness assumption. If A’ is the localization of A at P, we assume there is a field k’, K C k’ C A’, with K Or, A’ also Noetherian. This is perhaps more general than assuming K finitely generated over k’. In any event, there is no need to assume A finitely generated over a field. For example, A could be a quotient of a power series ring. The’ differential operators Diff,“,,(A, K) form a subspace of the K-linear (but not necessarily A-linear) maps Horn&A, K). The precise definition is given in Section 1. We have Diff,“,,(A, K) = Diff,“,,,(A’, K)1 Diff,“,,,,(A’, K). If K Ok, A’ is Noetherian, then .Q = Diff,“,,,,(A’, K) is a finite dimensional coalgebra over K. Roughly, this means given DE Diff,“,&A’, K), there is a formula for all a, b E A’, D(u . b) = X)‘(u) D”(b), for suitable D’, D” EDiff:.,,,(A’, K). It is relatively easy to prove that if & C 9 is a non-zero subcoalgebra, then Q(b) = {u E A / Da = 0 all D E &?} is a P-primary ideal, containing P”+l. The more interesting part of the theorem is the converse, that there are indeed enough subcoalgebras of operators to detect all primary ideals. If, in the notation above, K is a separable algebraic extension of k’ C A’, then, in fact, there is a bijective correspondence between subcoalgebras of Diffi”.,,, (A’, K) and P-primary ideals containing Pn+l. If the characteristic is p > 0 and the degree of inseparability of K over k’ is finite, say p”, then we still get a bijective correspondence between P-primary ideals containing Pn+l and subcoalgebras of Diffz,&A’, K), if th e s m o s are suitably interpreted. It is .y b 1 necessary to replace the obvious A’-module structure on A’ and K by the structure induced by the p” power map on A’, that is, a o x = upex.
The treatment of pelvic soft tissue radiation necrosis with hyperbaric oxygen

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the therapeutic effects of hyperbaric oxygen on radiation-induced soft tissue necrosis in patients who previously received treatment for a gynecologic malignancy. Study Design: Fourteen patients whose necrotic wounds failed to heal after 3 months of conservative therapy were enrolled in a prospective observational study. Outcome of hyperbaric oxygen treatment was measured by resolution of necrosis. Results: Fourteen patients underwent 15 courses of hyperbaric oxygen treatments. All those with radiation necrosis of the vagina alone or in association with rectovaginal fistula had complete resolution of necrosis with hyperbaric oxygen. Only one treatment failure occurred. Conclusion: Hyperbaric oxygen is a safe, effective, and well-tolerated treatment for radiation-induced soft tissue necrosis.
The Globalization of Nationalism and the Future of the Nation–State

The state is a specific form of government, distinguished from others by its impersonal character and the recognition on the part of the office holders that they represent the will of the people. This form of government is an implication of nationalism. Thus, every state is a nation–state. Since nationalism is the cultural framework of modernity in all its expressions, every state is also a modern state. The future of the nation–state depends on the future of nationalism. The recent globalization of nationalism into the formidable civilizations of South-East Asia has opened a new era for the latter. Therefore, the future of the nation–state at present looks brighter than ever.
Gemtuzumab, fludarabine, cytarabine, and cyclosporine in patients with newly diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes.

BACKGROUND Gemtuzumab is used to treat patients with previously untreated or recurrent acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). The fludarabine and cytarabine (ara-C) regimen is active in these patients. Resistance to gemtuzumab is associated with blast multidrug resistance (MDR). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of a combination regimen of gemtuzumab, fludarabine, ara-C, and the MDR modifier (cyclosporine [CyA]) in patients with previously untreated AML, refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB), or RAEB in transformation (RAEBT). METHODS The MFAC regimen was comprised of gemtuzumab (Mylotarg™) (6 mg/m2 intravenously [i.v.] on Day 1); fludarabine and ara-C (15 mg/m2 and 0.5 g/m2, respectively, twice daily on Days 2–6); and CSA (6 mg/kg loading dose before gemtuzumab, followed by 16 mg/kg continuous i.v. infusion on Days 1 and 2). RESULTS Fifty-nine evaluable patients were treated: 39 patients (66%) had AML and 20 patients (34%) had RAEB/RAEBT. Their median age was 57 years (range, 27–76 years). The MFAC regimen induced complete remission (CR) in 27 patients (46%) and CR with incomplete platelet recovery (CRp) in 1 patient (2%). The median survival period is 8 months. At 12 months, the survival rate is 38% and the event-free survival rate in patients with CR/CRp is 27%. Infections complicated 38% of the courses of chemotherapy. Grade 3/4 toxicity included hyperbilirubinemia in 31% and transaminitis in 7% of the patients. Four patients (7%) developed hepatic venoocclusive disease (VOD). CONCLUSIONS The MFAC regimen may merit further study in patients with AML if measures to avoid and/or treat VOD can be incorporated into the regimen. Cancer 2003;97:1481–7. © 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11239
MANUAL OF WATTLE GROWING

(1958). MANUAL OF WATTLE GROWING. Journal of the South African Forestry Association: Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 82-85.
Data Parallelism for Belief Propagation in Factor Graphs

We investigate data parallelism for belief propagation in a cyclic factor graphs on multicore/many core processors. Belief propagation is a key problem in exploring factor graphs, a probabilistic graphical model that has found applications in many domains. In this paper, we identify basic operations called node level primitives for updating the distribution tables in a factor graph. We develop algorithms for these primitives to explore data parallelism. We also propose a complete belief propagation algorithm to perform exact inference in such graphs. We implement the proposed algorithms on state-of-the-art multicore processors and show that the proposed algorithms exhibit good scalability using a representative set of factor graphs. On a 32-core Intel Nehalem-EX based system, we achieve 30× speedup for the primitives and 29× for the complete algorithm using factor graphs with large distribution tables.
Early thrombus in a HeartMate II™ Left Ventricular Assist Device: A Potential Cause of Hemolysis and Diagnostic Dilemma

Thromboembolic events occur in 2–3% of patients receiving the HeartMate II™ (HMII) left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Even though several surfaces of the HMII are textured and thromboresistant, long-term anticoagulation is indicated.1 We report the case of an early postoperative distal inflow-conduit thrombus resulting in hemolysis, in a patient undergoing HMII and concomitant bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement (AVR).
Solution chemistry of copper(II)-gentamicin complexes: relevance to metal-related aminoglycoside toxicity.

The adverse effect to the inner ear of aminoglycosides, drugs widely administered for the treatment of serious infections, appears to result from the interaction of these drugs with Cu(II) or Fe(II...
Progress and directions in magnetic fusion

A panel discussion on progress in magnetic fusion is described. Considered are the achievements of experiments in reaching the conditions required for fusion power. The Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor is now finished and running, although not yet up to full design parameters. The prediction is that it should be able to reach the indicated range. The modified Doublet III, Doublet Big-Dee, will be starting to run in the '86 period and will endeavor to reach conditions similar to the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor by achieving larger beta values. An illustration shows experimental progress in achieving the conditions required for fusion power. At the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, a facility called the Mirror Fusion Test Facility is being designed to achieve about one second confinement time in a tandem mirror. An artist's rendering is shown. The Magnetic Fusion Advisory Committee has recently considered anew the future direction of the fusion program and judged that 1) TFCX and 2) the need to advance scientific understanding and develop optimal fusion reactor concepts constitute the two most essential tasks in the program.
Iranian breads supplemented with amaranth flour

Summary Amaranth can be grown in many drought-prone semitropical countries to produce a high-protein flour which is a nutritional complement to wheat flour. Replacement of up to 30% of wheat in three Iranian breads similar to those in other semitropical countries produced little adverse effect on sensory attributes but improved calculated nutrient composition.
Photoerasing paper and thermocoloring film

Thermal coloration of spiropyrans and spiroxazines at or above their melting point is well known to photochromists. The erasure of the color developed by exposure of photochromic paper by radiations of certain wavelengths in the visible region is little known. Six-nitrospirobenzopyran and 8- nitrospirobenzopyran, 8-methoxy-6-nitrospirobenzo-pyran, 6- methoxy-8-nitrospirobenzopyran, and 6,8-dinitrospirobenzopyran have been studied. The medium in which these photochromic dyes were dissolved or incorporated was limited to cellulose derivatives such as cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate- butyrate, and cellulose trinitrate. Paper coated with 6- nitrospirobenzopyran dissolved in an ethyl acetate solution of cellulose trinitrate readily colored on exposure to UV light or IR radiation and faded on exposure to light in the visible range. This unusual phenomenon, although not fully understood, is believed to be a selective light sensitizing ability of nitro groups. The applications of photoerasing paper and thermally colorable films are numerous, such as in polaroid type photography, in copy machines, and in thermally stable photochromic ophthalmic lenses.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The background to Otto Warburg's conception of the Atmungsferment.

In the 1930s Warburg's spare prose and disciplined respect for the facts set the style for a new generation of biochemists who had not known the conceptual revolutions of earlier years. Led by Warburg, they rejected the excesses of the colloid school and the false starts of the teens and twenties. Talk of active structure virtually disappeared as chemists began to identify enzymes, coenzymes, vitamins, and hormones. In the gradual transformation of the Atmungsferment from an ironcolloid complex to a specific haem-protein, the roots of Warburg's inspiration were readily forgotten-the richer and more varied intellectual currents of the early decades of biochemistry. Experimental cytology and pharmacology were important strands. Most of what Warburg was doing on narcosis from 1908 to 1912 was typical of this school. He was deeply influenced by Loeb and his theory of the fertilization membrane. In the period from 1900 to 1914 the ups and down of belief in Hofmeister's enzyme theory was an important trend which helped determine the style of biochemistry in later decades. Warburg's conception of the Atmungsferment was shaped by the general reaction c. 1910 against Buchner's optimistic view. Warburg's Heidelberg lecture was framed as an answer to Hofmeister's lecture of 1901 and turned out almost as an imitation or second edition of it. It was a style that was soon out of fashion. The affinity between the early concept of enzymes and the old concept idea of “living protein” should not be neglected in discussions of Warburg's distaste for “enzymology.” The colloid school is too easily dismissed as a mere impediment to the chemical triumphs of the 1930s. Warburg's Atmungsferment was obviously colored by the colloidal cast of biochemical thought in 1912. The Atmungsferment represented, in short, a hybrid transition from the romantic biochemistry of the period 1900–1925 to the mature, classical of the 1930s. It is fascinating precisely because it reflects, and refracts through a unique and powerful mind, the varied local traditions of the early history of modern biochemistry.
Predictors of Recurrence in Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm: Experience with 183 Pancreatic Resections

We examined long-term outcomes in patients with surgically treated intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) to determine if any clinical or histologic features could predict risk of recurrent disease. We reviewed 183 margin-negative surgical resections performed for IPMN between 1994 and 2011 with documented postoperative abdominal imaging. We calculated time to recurrent disease as indicated by radiographic change and created a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model to assess the relationship between patient characteristics and histopathologic tumor features and disease recurrence. Among patients with margin-negative resections and adequate imaging follow-up, we observed a recurrence rate of 13 % over a median follow-up of 32.0 months. Individuals with invasive tumors on original pathology were more likely to recur (HR 5.2, 95 % CI 2.2–12.2); however, original pathology did not predict disease severity on recurrence. Controlling for invasive pathology, no other histologic feature of the original tumor, including dysplasia at the surgical margin, predicted recurrence. Among non-invasive IPMN, pancreatitis was associated with disease recurrence (HR 3.6, 95 % CI 1.2–10.7). The frequency of recurrent disease in this population and the inability to predict recurrence argues for universal and continuous surveillance after resection for IPMN. The relationship between pancreatitis and disease recurrence should be investigated further.
Asymptotic behaviour of a rapidly rotating fluid with random stationary surface stress

The goal of this paper is to describe in mathematical terms the effect on the ocean circulation of a random stationary wind stress at the surface of the ocean. In order to avoid singular behaviour, non-resonance hypotheses are introduced, which ensure that the time frequencies of the wind-stress are different from that of the Earth rotation. We prove a convergence result for a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes-Coriolis system in a bounded domain, in the asymptotic of fast rotation and vanishing vertical viscosity, and we exhibit some random and stationary boundary layer profiles. At last, an average equation is derived for the limit system in the case of the non-resonant torus.
Weak 2D convective plumes in a sloping permeable layer.

This is a study of thermal plumes in a permeable fluid-saturated slab of a porous medium (of finite uniform thickness but otherwise infinite extent) that is heated by either an instantaneous or a steady line source embedded in the medium. The slab, which may be horizontal or sloping, is initially at ambient conditions; the impervious upper surface remains at the ambient temperature, while the impervious base is thermally insulated. The transient temperature distribution, the surface heat flux and the convective flow velocity are calculated for small instantaneous line heat energy sources. They show how the flow develops, spreads and slows as time progresses, and an estimate of the time to decay is given. Steady-state temperature and velocity profiles are calculated for embedded line sources that provide heat energy at a small constant rate, and the surface heat flux distribution is calculated.
Correlation of Otologic Complaints in Soldiers With Speech Disorders After Traumatic Brain Injury

Summary Objectives/Hypothesis To determine the prevalence of otologic complaints in subjects with dysphonia and traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a sample population of the US Army. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Methods A total of 292 subjects were identified with a new diagnosis of voice disorder during a 3.5-year period at three large military medical centers. Of them, 70 subjects were also identified with TBI and had no history of dysphonia before this time period. In those with voice disorders and TBI, documentation of hearing complaints, hearing loss, tinnitus, or vertigo was recorded. Time to visit an otolaryngologist and audiologist were also recorded. Results A total of 70 soldiers were identified with a diagnosis of a voice disorder and TBI. Of these soldiers, 83% had at least one otologic complaint and 50% had more than one. Approximately 60%, 39%, and 44% of the subjects reported tinnitus, hearing loss, or vertigo, respectively. A total of 62% of the subjects with otologic complaints, TBI, and dysphonia were seen by an otolaryngologist. Time until an otolaryngologist evaluated these soldiers varied widely, with an average of 17 months and standard deviation of 12.5 months. Conclusions Otologic manifestations are common in soldiers with dysphonia and TBI. Careful consideration of communication impairment from otologic dysfunction in those with speech disorders after TBI is warranted.
Differential diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis

The differential diagnosis of subacute or chronic polyarthritic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, is based on recognizing a pattern of changes, with special emphasis placed on certain key features that possess higher specificity. The clinical history is by far the most important diagnostic tool and involves clear assessment of the distribution of joint involvement, whether pain is articular or extra-articular, whether a syndrome follows trauma or infection, and the duration of the process. The distribution of involved joints is a major contributor to differential diagnosis but can be misleading unless a skilled physical examination confirms objective synovitis. If present, nodules, which represent localization of the disease process, also offer a powerful tool in differential diagnosis. Rheumatoid nodules occur in about 20 percent of patients with well-developed rheumatoid arthritis. The effects of inflammation may be clinically detectable, but laboratory tests--e.g., the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and quantitative C-reactive protein--provide the most reliable evidence of inflammation. Synovial fluid analysis may reveal inflammatory changes and other abnormalities permitting diagnosis. Rheumatoid factor is present in about 80 percent of patients with rheumatoid arthritis but is not specific for this diagnosis.
Yield Response of Corn to a Subirrigation/Drainage Management System in Northern Ohio

On most soils, even in the humid Midwest, lack of sufficient moisture at critical times often limits crop yields. Subirrigation/drainage (SID) is a relatively new concept in water management, where drain lines are used both to add or remove water from the soil to maintain a constant water table. By the use of a SID system, significant increases in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) yields have been obtained. The potential also exists for SID to increase corn (Zea mays L.) yields. The objective of this research was to determine whether corn yields could be increased and stabilized at high yield levels by the use of SID systems. Two 3-yr SID studies on corn were conducted, one at Wooster in northeastern Ohio, 1990 to 1992, on Ravenna silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aeric Fragiaqualfs), and one in northwestern Ohio, 1992 to 1994, near Hoytville on a Hoytville silly clay loam (fine, illitic, mesic Mollic Ochraqualfs). Results of this research indicated significant increases in corn yields can be obtained in dry years but in favorable moisture years little yield increase was observed. These data indicate that corn yields can be stabilized at high levels (180 to 200 bu/acre) by the use of SID, resulting in higher long term average yields.
Correlation of Serum and Cryoglobulin IgM with Activity, and Serum IgG with Remission

Forty-eight patients with erythema chronicum migrans (ECM) were studied prospectively for 6 to 18 months. Twenty-six patients had no later symptoms, but 22 subsequently developed Lyme arthritis and 9 of them also experienced neurologic abnormalities. Eighty-seven percent of patients with active ECM followed by subsequent involvement had cryoglobulins containing IgM compared to only 13% of those with active ECM and no later symptoms. The former group also had significantly lower IgG, C3 and C4 levels. Sixty-seven percent of patients still had serum cryoglobulins when neurologic disease was most active, and 45% had them when joint symptoms were most severe, but only 11% continued to have small amounts in remission. The number of patients who continued to have serum cryoglobulins with recurrent attacks of arthritis decreased with time. In contrast, patients always had cryoglobulins in joint fluid, a finding Lyme arthritis shares with rheumatoid arthritis. The cryoprecipitates from 2 of 10 patients contained particles with internal structure, but their viral nature is problematic. All components of antisera obtained from goats and rabbits immunized with cryoglobulins were absorbed by normal human sera. The amount of IgM in cryoglobulins correlated directly with serum IgM, which generally rose during exacerbations and fell during remissions; serum IgG and IgA moved conversely. Thus, IgM was an important correlate of clinical disease activity and IgG or remission.
The coefficient of variation as a measure of sincerity of effort of grip strength, part I: The statistical principle

The coefficient of variation (CV) is a widely used measure of sincerity of effort of grip strength despite contradictory research findings and lack of empirical support in the literature. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the CV is an appropriate measure of sincerity of effort. One hundred forty-six uninjured volunteers underwent a series of grip strength tests. The mean, standard deviation (SD), and CV of repeated strength trials were calculated, and paired comparisons were conducted between maximal and submaximal efforts. While the mean of maximal trials was significantly greater, there were no differences in SD between maximal and submaximal trials. Therefore, the increased CV associated with submaximal effort was an artifact of reduced torque rather than an indicator of a true increase in variability. Consequently, the CV is not an appropriate measure of sincerity of effort of grip strength.
Neurospora lactase. II. Enzyme formation in the standard strain

Abstract Neurospora produces substantial quantities of β-galactosidase when it is grown on lactose and galactose and on the pentoses l -arabinose and d -xylose and small amounts of enzyme when grown on numerous other carbon sources. The “constitutive” and “induced” enzymes appear to be the same. The effect of temperature and pH as well as diauxic effects are described for β-galactosidase formation during growth on sucrose. High concentrations of β-galactosidase are formed if mycelium is incubated on dilute buffered solutions of inductors, but the relative effectiveness of the different substances is different under resting conditions than during growth. The effects of changes in temperature, pH, mycelial age, and inductor concentration on enzyme production in resting mycelium are described. Experiments with mixtures of inductors are outlined which have led to the tentative conclusion that a single intracellular inductor cannot be responsible for the enzyme formation response to all external inductors. A study of the inhibition of induction by sucrose and citrate shows these inhibitions to be noncompetitive in nature. The inhibition of the enzyme-substrate reaction by the inductors is compared to their inductive efficiency under growing and resting conditions. Failure to find correlations between the different effects of the inductors rules out simple enzyme stabilization by inductors as an induction mechanism.
Type-specific collagenolysis: a type V collagen-degrading enzyme from macrophages.

Abstract An enzymatic activity capable of degrading type V collagen at neutral pH was found in the medium from cultured rabbit pulmonary alveolar macrophages which had been “activated” in vivo by injection of complete Freund's Adjuvant. This enzyme was characterized as a metalloproteinase by virtue of its inhibition by EDTA but not by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride or N-ethyl maleimide. Ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose was successful in separating the type V collagen-degrading activity from the type I collagenase which is also secreted by these cells. These observations suggest that the degradation of type V collagen is independent of the degradation of the interstitial collagens and may require the action of its own “specific collagenase”.
Micro–macro fracture relationships and acoustic emissions in concrete

Abstract In this work we are interested in how micromechanical phenomena affect bulk mechanical properties. Specifically we are interested in microfracture characteristics and how they influence damage evolution and fracture toughness. Toward this end, quantitative acoustic emission techniques were used to measure microfracture properties in an array of cement-based materials of varying microstructure. Microcracks were modeled using a seismic moment tensor, which could be estimated through deconvolution of the measured acoustic emission waveforms. Results of the experiments indicate that materials with higher bulk fracture toughness had larger numbers of sliding mode microcracks, while materials with lower bulk fracture toughness had fewer numbers of tensile mode microcracks.
Biosurfactants and bioemulsifiers: An annotated selection of World Wide Web sites relevant to the topics in microbial biotechnology

Global biosurfactants market http://www.prweb.com/releases/2012/11/ prweb10158903.htm While the full report is available only for a fee, this page hints at the importance of biosurfactants commercially. Biosurfactant-producing bacteria http://www.ideaconnection.com/crowdfunding/ isolation-and-characterization-of-biosurfactant-produ -00041.html This page on the IdeaConnection website proposes research on bacterial biosurfactants.
Narrative in project-related e-mails

There are patterns of use in e-mail that take narrative form and some of those patterns are useful from a project management perspective to look for and to intervene when they occur. Not only is the intervention helpful, but it can keep team problems from becoming much worse. This paper details four simple interventions that a watchful individual can directly use in any real project team that makes heavy use of e-mail.