cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a very late delayed effect of radiation therapy.

Cerebral necrosis is a well-known delayed sequela of radiation to the central nervous system. Delayed intracerebral hemorrhage occurring several years after radiation is rare; however, with increased survival, this complication will become more common. We report a child who developed a brain-stem hemorrhage 4.5 years following radiation therapy for brainstem tumor. The possible pathogenesis for the spontaneous hemorrhage is discussed. The onset of the neurologic symptoms in this setting occurs later than the usual symptoms of radiation necrosis. It is important to recognize this entity as a late delayed complication of radiation therapy and not to mistake it for tumor recurrence. (J Child Neurol 1992;7:259-263).
Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, an Alternative to Bone Marrow

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an alternative hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) source. It is widely applicable for ameliorating several diseases through HSC transplants. One of the few disadvantages of this source of stem cells is the limited amount of HSCs that can be extracted from each cord blood unit (CBU).Single CBU transplantation seems to be more ideal in lower weight, younger patients. Adult clinical studies comparing HSCs from a single CBU and HSCs from bone marrow indicate that umbilical cord blood transplantation is a viable method when a matched bone marrow transplant cannot be identified. Further clinical studies using two CBUs suggest better engraftment and lower risk of relapse. However, double cord blood transplantation has been faced with the challenge of single unit dominance in most studies. Ex vivo expansion of UCB HSC is another promising method to overcome limited HSC counts.
Empirical Corroboration of Attention Deficit Disorder

A recent analysis of teacher ratings of the behavior of disturbed boys revealed two factors, labeled "Inattentive" and "Nervous-Overactive," which appear to correspond to the Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). To further explore this correspondence, 25 boys diagnosed as having ADD were compared with 62 clinically referred non-ADD boys on teacher ratings of problem behavior, school performance, and adaptive functioning. Compared to clinic controls, boys diagnosed with ADD obtained higher scores on the Inattentive scale ( p p
Frequent falling and motor vehicle collision involvement of older drivers

OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between frequent falls in older drivers and motor vehicle collision (MVC) involvement. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: North central Alabama. PARTICIPANTS: Population-based sample of 2,000 licensed drivers aged 70 and older. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported history of falling two or more times in the prior year was the main predictor. Outcomes were any MVC or at-fault MVC in the prior year. RESULTS: Approximately 9% of older drivers reported having fallen two or more times in the prior year. Logistic regression models indicated that frequent falling was associated with having any MVC (crude odds ratio (OR) = 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.77-3.02) and an at-fault MVC (OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 0.97-5.06). Adjustment for the potentially confounding effects of demographic, health, visual, and driving characteristics did not meaningfully affect the association with any MVC, whereas the association with at-fault MVC was weakened (adjusted OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 0.84-4.90). CONCLUSION: Frequent falling was associated with at-fault MVC involvement of older drivers, especially whites. History of falling can be used to identify individuals at risk of MVC involvement and to begin a dialogue about driver safety. Language: en
Polarization measurements of the non-characteristic radiation emitted from collisions between high energy A1 ions

Abstract We have measured the angular distribution of the non-characteristic K X-ray radiation (NCR) in very fast A1-A1 collisions and find that it agrees well with the maximum value predicted by the induced mechanism of Muller et al.
Granular cell tumor of the toe: a case report.

The authors present a case of a granular cell tumor of the second digit that was treated with a partial digit amputation. A 49-year-old male presented with an atypical hyperkeratotic lesion at the distal aspect of the second toe with adjacent dystrophy of the nail plate. Radiographs, magnetic resonance images, and, finally, ultrasound images were used to confirm the presence of an underlying mass, and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of granular cell tumor. Partial digital amputation was eventually undertaken. We feel that it is important for surgeons to maintain a high index of suspicion, particularly when a seemingly benign lesion, such as a hyperkeratosis, fails to respond as expected to treatment. Level of Clinical Evidence: 4
Microhardness variations in II-VI semiconducting compounds as a function of composition

The Vickers microhardness was measured as a function of composition in four II-VI semiconducting alloy systems: Hg 1- x Cd x Te, Hg 1- x Zn x Te, Hg 1- x Cd x Se, and Hg 1- x Zn x Se. The hardness data for Hg 1- x Cd x Te are in agreement with those previously reported and show a maximum in the hardness in the composition range 0.6 x x 1- x Cd x Se system as was observed for Hg 1- x Cd x Te. Hardening in the Se-based system increases more rapidly with x than in the Te-based system. Zinc additions to the Se-based system greatly increase the hardness of the alloy. A maximum in microhardness appears to occur in the composition range 0.7 x 1- x Zn x Te the highest in terms of structural integrity.
Attitudes, perceptions, and risk-taking behaviors of smokers, ex-smokers, and nonsmokers.

Abstract A sample of American adults completed questionnaires relevant to cigarette smoking. The questions were related to three areas: risk, perceptions of their or others' smoking, and satisfaction with life and health. The results revealed that smokers were greater risk-takers, that they perceived their smoking to be due to both physical and psychological addictions, and that they expressed less satisfaction and control. Results also indicated that smokers who saw their smoking as being addictive tended to be less satisfied with their health and felt less control over their lives. On the other hand, those smokers who were more likely to deny the health risks did not differ from either non- or ex-smokers on any of the satisfaction or control questions.
Maintain and Enhance: An integrative view of person-centered and process-differentiated diagnostics / Erhalten und erweitern: Eine integrative Sicht personzentrierter and prozessdifferenzierter Diagnostik / Mantener y propiciar: una visión integradora de los diagnósticos centrados en la persona y diferenciados de proceso

Abstract The author reviews, compares, contrasts and comments on various views of diagnosis in Person-Centered and Experiential therapies, especially as presented in the PCE 2003 keynote speeches of Greenberg (2004), Sachse (2004), and Schmid (2004). These views include the incorporation of traditional (DSM) diagnosis, reflexive models of the client, exercise of ‘therapeutic’ expertise, process diagnosis, and therapy as diagnosis. The paper concludes with an integrative view that values the potentially enhancing qualities of diagnostic formulations while maintaining the core aspects of person-centeredness. While diagnosis is generally incompatible with the person-centered approach, some aspects may be helpful for skill development and interactions with systems. The dialectic of being and doing, which rests upon principled nondirectivity, is emphasized.
Brainstem auditory evoked responses in an equine patient population. Part II: foals.

Background Reports of the use of brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) as a diagnostic modality in foals have been limited. Hypothesis/Objectives To describe BAER findings and associated causes of hearing loss in foals. Animals Study group 18 foals (15 neonatal, 3 nonneonatal), control group (5 neonatal foals). Methods Retrospective. BAER records from the Clinical Neurophysiology Laboratory were reviewed from the years of 1982 to 2013. Peak latencies, amplitudes, and interpeak intervals were measured when visible. Clinical data were extracted from the medical records. Foals were grouped under disease categories. Descriptive statistics were performed. Results Ten neonatal foals had complete absence of BAER bilaterally and 5 had findings within reference range. Abnormalities were associated with common neonatal disorders such as sepsis, neonatal encephalopathy, neonatal isoerythrolysis, and prematurity. BAER loss also was observed in foals with specific coat color patterns such as completely or mostly white with blue irides or lavender with pale yellow irides. An American Miniature foal with marked facial deformation also lacked BAER bilaterally. One nonneonatal foal with an intracranial abscess had no detectable BAER peaks bilaterally, and 2 older foals, 1 with presumed equine protozoal myeloencephalitis and the other with progressive scoliosis and ataxia, had BAER within normal limits. Conclusions and Clinical Importance In neonatal foals, BAER deficits commonly are complete and bilateral, and associated with common neonatal disorders and certain coat and eye color patterns. Sepsis, hypoxia, bilirubin toxicity, and prematurity should be investigated as potential causes of auditory loss in neonatal foals.
ACTIVATION OF Bacillus stearothermophilus SPORES AT LOW pH

Activation and decrease in heat resistance of B. stearothermophilus E-2 spores were studied after mild heat treatments at low pH. Activated spores were measured by colony formation on Nutrient Agar + 0.03% MnSO4. Under the conditions used in this investigation activation of spores paralleled transformation to a heat-sensitive form (D86= 7 min at pH 7.0). Activation was accelerated at pH 1.1–2.0 and 60–70°C. Prolonged low pH-mild heat treatments resulted in decreased counts due to the inability of some spores to germinate. B. stearothermophilus spores present in selected food ingredients were activated in a similar manner. Under certain conditions, a low pH-mild heat treatment may be used as a substitute for a severe heat-shock to activate spores of B. stearothermophilus.
Effort expenditure and job performance of line and staff personnel

Abstract Recent theoretical models of job performance have included effort expenditure as a basic component of performance without explicitly considering the moderating effects of different types of work roles. A study was conducted among line and staff supervisors to examine the importance of effort expenditure in the attainment of salary increase rewards, and the relationship of effort expenditure to overall performance. Questionnaires were completed by 92 line and 30 staff supervisors and their superiors. Results confirmed the general importance of effort as a determinant of job performance. However, the data also showed that effort was generally a more important aspect of job performance for line supervisors than it was for staff supervisors. Specifically, results indicated that effort expenditure was considered a more important determinant of salary increases by the superiors of line supervisors than by the superiors of staff supervisors, and that effort expenditure and overall performance were more highly related for line than for staff supervisors. The findings were discussed in terms of differences in job duties and responsibilities of line and staff supervisory roles.
Long-lived tracks in emulsions: New hadrons or background?

We discuss the observation of long-lived particle tracks in emulsion chambers in the context of the recent developments in particle physics that hint at the existence of particles with new quantum numbers. Both cosmic ray (E approx. = 10/sup 4/ GeV) and accelerator (E = 205 GeV) events have been reported. We address the following questions: What is the nature of the evidence What do the observations imply for the production cross sections of new hadrons What are the backgrounds and how do some of them depend on the accuracy of coplanarity measurements We reach the following conclusions: Hyperon decay and elastic scattering or diffraction dissociation of a secondary track in the emulsion, mimicking the decay of a long-lived particle, constitute backgrounds at the few- to 50-percent level. Therefore events in which only a single candidate is seen are unlikely to be conclusive; in candidate events in which both members of a possible associated pair of new particles are seen, these backgrounds are suppressed to the 0.01-percent level. If both of the candidates for associated production observed in the cosmic ray energy range are real, we can estimate a production cross section for new particles with hadron beams at themore » 10--10/sup 2/-..mu..b level at 10/sup 4/ GeV. From threshold behavior we estimate a production cross section at the 1--10-..mu..b level at Fermilab energies. (AIP)« less
A method of solving Mathieu's equation

MATHIEU'S equation ${d^{2}y \over dt^{2}} + (b - 2q \cos 2t)y = 0 \eqno{\hbox{(1)}}$ is gradually becoming a very important equation in physics and engineering. It apparently first appeared in a paper by Mathieu1 on the vibration of an elliptic membrane. However, since that time it has made its appearance in many practical problems in the fields of mechanics, electricity and magnetism, sound, etc. Many such examples will be found in McLachlan's book on Mathieu functions.2
Observations on the afferent and efferent connections of the avian isthmo-optic nucleus

Abstract The efferent and afferent connections of the avian isthmo-optic nucleus (ION) were studied using light microscopic techniques. Injections of [ 3 H]proline into the nucleus resulted in labeling of centrifugal endings in the retina at the junction of the inner plexiform layer and inner nuclear layer, but produced no other transported label to any thalamic or mesencephalic nucleus. The origin of the tectal afferents to the ION was demonstrated by means of injections of [ 3 H]proline into the most superficial layers of the optic tectum and by stereotaxic injections of horseradish peroxidase into the ION. The tectal efferent cell bodies were located in lamina h of the optic tectum and at the junction of laminae h and i.
Echocardiographic features of genetic diseases: Part 5. Tumors

Neurofibromatosis, or von Recklinghausen’s neurofibromatosis, is a relatively common inherited hamartomatous disorder.1 The dominant feature of this disorder is the neurofibroma, a tumor that arises from the Schwann cells and fibroblasts of the neurilemmal sheath of the peripheral nerve.2 Neurofibromatosis is inherited as a simple autosomal dominant trait.1 Two nonallelic heritable forms are now recognized. Neurofibromatosis type 1, carried on chromosome 17, is the classic neurocutaneous disorder. Neurofibromatosis type 2, carried on chromosome 22, is also an autosomal dominant disorder, in which neurofibromas involve the acoustic nerves exclusively and usually bilaterally.2
MRI compatibility evaluation of a piezoelectric actuator system for a neural interventional robot

The work presented in this paper has been performed in furtherance of developing an MRI-compatible surgical robotic system, specifically targeting the neural intervention procedure for the treatment of Parkinson’s Syndrome known as deep brain stimulation (DBS). In this paper we discuss the construction and testing of the MR-compatible controller, sensors and actuators, and the compatibility testing we have done to validate the success of our efforts in eliminating signal interference. Our robotic system was tested on a Phillips Achieva 3 Tesla MRI machine under diagnostic T1 and T2, high speed FGRE and functional EPI imaging protocols. It has been shown to operate without introducing any statistically significant degradation in image quality. We have shown that the creation of an MR-compatible electronically controlled closed-loop robotic actuation system and linkage mechanism can be created successfully within a standard high-field diagnostic magnet with insignificant levels of signal interference.
Analysis of vertically propagating convectively coupled equatorial waves using observations and a non-hydrostatic Boussinesq model on the equatorial beta-plane

A non-hydrostatic model on the equatorial beta-plane is solved for the most basic solutions of vertically and zonally propagating internal plane waves. Solutions tilt in the vertical and propagate upward, with buoyancy as a principal restoring force. Results indicate that when frequency is of the same order of magnitude as a reduced buoyancy frequency, the shallow-water model equivalent depth depends on frequency. One consequence of this dependence is that Kelvin waves become dispersive at high frequencies. In a complementary observational analysis, linear regression and a space-time wavelet spectrum analysis of observed convectively coupled mixed Rossby gravity (MRG) waves are applied to estimate vertical wavelengths that are consistent with the strongest signals associated with observed convectively coupled waves at specific zonal wave numbers and frequencies. Substitution of these dispersion parameters into the model yields theoretical structures characterized by vertical and horizontal wavenumbers and frequencies similar to those observed in the lower and middle troposphere. These model solutions demonstrate that the Coriolis terms associated with the horizontal component of the earth's angular momentum explain substantial meridional tilts and phase shifts between quantities associated with observed convectively coupled waves, especially proximate to the surface of the Earth. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Relative uncertainty: measuring uncertainty in discrete and nondiscrete domains

A general framework is proposed for the development of uncertainty measures in finite and infinite domains in the context of evidence theory. The proposed measures account for uncertainty in the form of information ratios, which relate an uncertain situation to the maximum uncertainty-based information present in its domain. The measures are shown to be ideal for the measurement of uncertainty in interval-based structures such as evidence sets.
3D face modeling using two orthogonal views and a generic face model

We present an algorithm for 3-D face modeling from a frontal and a profile view images of a person's face. The algorithm starts by computing the 3D coordinates of automatically extracted facial feature points. The coordinates of the selected feature points are then used to deform a 3D generic face model to obtain a 3D face model for that person. Procrustes analysis is used to globally minimize the distance between facial feature vertices in the model and the corresponding 3D points obtained from the images. Then, local deformation is performed on the facial feature vertices to obtain a more realistic 3D model for the person. Preliminary experiments to asses the applicability of the models for face recognition show encouraging results.
A SELECTIVE STAIN FOR EOSINOPHILS USING TWO OXAZINE DYES APPLIED SEQUENTIALLY

A methanolic solution of the oxazine textile dye, C. I. basic blue 122, followed by an aqueous alkaline solution of the oxazine dye, C. I. basic blue 141, and a brief rinse in an acetate buffer at pH 3.45 produces intense black staining of eosinophil granules. This staining was selective for eosinophils while other types of peripheral blood leukocytes showed little if any staining under the same conditions. This staining procedure may be useful for detecting eosinophils in samples of blood, bone marrow, or urine when eosinophiluria results from interstitial nephritis.
Relationship Between Standardized Glycemic Protocols and Healthcare Cost.

Rising healthcare costs and the management of diabetes are financially straining to healthcare organizations. The study purpose was to examine whether a direct relationship existed between the cost of hospitalization, length of stay, excess admission days, and discharge blood glucose (DC-BG) levels and utilizing a standardized glycemic protocol. A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted of adult diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM-2) patients’ pre-diabetic protocol (January 1, 2011-December 31, 2011) and post-diabetic protocol (August 1, 2012-October 31, 2012). The sample included DM-2 inpatients aged ≥18 years admitted without complications and/or with abnormal fasting blood glucose. Pre-protocol sample comprised n = 346 subjects and post-protocol sample comprised n = 149 subjects. Patients who received the diabetic protocol in 2012 experienced a decrease in the DC-BG (p < .05) and decrease in excess admission days (p < .05). Evidence supports that utilizing a standardized glycemic protocol improves glycemi...
Late results of bioprosthetic tricuspid valve replacement in Ebstein's anomaly.

Abstract Background . Historically, porcine bioprosthetic valves have poor durability in pediatric patients; nearly half will require replacement within 5 years. However, our early experience with patients having Ebstein's anomaly suggests that tricuspid bioprostheses in this anomaly might have better durability. Methods . One hundred fifty-eight patients who received a primary tricuspid bioprosthesis because of tricuspid valve anatomy unsuitable for repair between April 1972 and January 1997 were reviewed. Results were analyzed and Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed to estimate patient survival and probability of remaining free of reoperation. Results . Follow-up of 149 patients (94.3%) who survived 30 days ranged up to 17.8 years (mean, 4.5 years). Ten-year survival was 92.5% ± 2.5% (SE), 129 late survivors (92.1%) were in New York Heart Association class I or II, and 93.6% were free of anticoagulation. Freedom from bioprosthesis replacement was 97.5% ± 1.9% at 5 years and 80.6% ± 7.6% at 10 and 15 years. Conclusions . Bioprosthesis durability in the tricuspid position in patients with Ebstein's anomaly compares very favorably with bioprosthesis durability in other cardiac valve positions, especially for pediatric patients, and also compares favorably with tricuspid bioprosthesis durability in patients with other diagnoses.
Analytical prediction of the incompressible turbulent boundary layer with arbitrary pressure distribution

Incompressible two dimensional turbulent boundary layer equations with arbitrary pressure distribution solved by weighted residual method
The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource‐based view

This paper elucidates the underlying economics of the resource-based view of competitive advantage and integrates existing perspectives into a parsimonious model of resources and firm performance. The essence of this model is that four conditions underlie sustained competitive advantage, all of which must be met. These include superior resources (heterogeneity within an industry), ex post limits to competition, imperfect resource mobility, and ex ante limits to competition. In the concluding section, applications of the model for both single business strategy and corporate strategy are discussed.
Dietary lutein reduces ultraviolet radiation-induced inflammation and immunosuppression.

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) promotes skin cancer development by mutagenic, immunosuppressive, and oxidative-stress-inducing mechanisms; however, certain antioxidants may counteract and prevent UVR-induced photodamage. Lutein is a xanthophyll carotenoid with potent antioxidant activity. Because reactive oxygen species (ROS) are believed to have a role in UVR-induced skin damage, we investigated whether lutein can modify UVR effects including the tissue swelling response to midrange UVR (280–320 nm, ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation) and UVB suppression of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in both the local and the systemic models of UV-induced immunosuppression. We found that compared to mice fed the standard laboratory diet, mice fed dietary lutein demonstrated significant inhibition of ear swelling owing to UVB radiation. Mice exposed to 1700 J per m2 UVB radiation four times at daily intervals and then sensitized to dinitrofluorobenzene at the site of irradiation showed a decreased CHS response upon challenge. This suppression by UVB radiation was significantly inhibited by lutein feeding. When UVB radiation was given at a single dose of 10,000 J per m2 to inhibit the induction of CHS at a distant, nonirradiated site, no effect of lutein was seen. Finally, lutein accumulated in the skin of mice following diet supplementation and was shown to decrease ROS generation following UVR exposure. Thus, lutein modulates the skin's response to UVR and may contribute to the defense against some of the deleterious effects of solar radiation.
Female Delinquency: An Application of Self and Opportunity Theories

Since most theories of delinquency explicitly or implicitly deal with males, most of the research bearing upon these theories has concerned males with very little attention given to females. The intent of this paper is to apply to females two delinquency theories which have been found empirically useful in explaining male delinquency: self and opportunity theories. The data show that delinquency and self-concept are related for black females but unrelated for white females. Weak empirical support is found for the contention that repeated delinquency among females is not buttressed by subcultural support. It is found that both black and white female delinquents regard their opportunities less positively than do their non-delinquent counterparts, and that perceptions of opportunity are lowest among public policy offenders. It is suggested that the sexual behavior implied by public policy offenses may represent an attempt to fulfill the marital goal or, conversely, a rejection of it.
Rad50 Is Dispensable for the Maintenance and Viability of Postmitotic Tissues

The majority of spontaneous chromosome breakage occurs during the process of DNA replication. Homologous recombination is the primary mechanism of repair of such damage, which probably accounts for the fact that it is essential for genome integrity and viability in mammalian cells. The Mre11 complex plays diverse roles in the maintenance of genomic integrity, influencing homologous recombination, checkpoint activation, and telomere maintenance. The complex is essential for cellular viability, but given its myriad influences on genomic integrity, the mechanistic basis for the nonviability of Mre11 complex-deficient cells has not been defined. In this study we generated mice carrying a conditional allele of Rad50 and examined the effects of Rad50 deficiency in proliferative and nonproliferative settings. Depletion of Rad50 in cultured cells caused extensive DNA damage and death within 3 to 5 days of Rad50 deletion. This was not associated with gross telomere dysfunction, suggesting that the telomeric functions of the Mre11 complex are not required for viability. Rad50 was also dispensable for the viability of quiescent liver and postmitotic Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. These findings support the idea that the essential functions of the Mre11 complex are associated with DNA replication and further suggest that homologous recombination is not essential in nondividing cells.
Applicability checking in visual programming languages

The notion of applicability checking attempts to determine the limits of applicability of a general programming language expression and to automatically make necessary adjustments to accommodate various irregularities, including boundary conditions. This paper presents an approach to applicability checking. A set of rules are supplied for determining applicability, developing applicable regions, and coercing structures automatically. Examples are presented to demonstrate the application of these rules. >
A New Core Switch for Magnetic Matrix Stores and Other Purposes

This paper analyzes the conventional uses of magnetic switch cores to drive matrix stores in both current-driven and voltage-driven modes. A new method of using switch cores is proposed and analyzed which offers, at the cost of replacing in every selection line the usual switch-core and terminating resistor by two smaller cores, intrinsic pulse shaping and amplitude regulation, and much reduced power dissipation, particularly in the driving stages. Constructional details of an application of the new method to drive a store 100×80×10 are given, and waveforms for this store are shown. All address decoding and driving are performed by 34 transistors. A model of a multiple coincidence store 101×101 with a cycle time of 1 ?sec has also been constructed; details are given.
The Prolyl Isomerase Pin1 in Breast Development and Cancer

The prolyl isomerase Pin1 specifically isomerizes certain phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro bonds and thereby regulates various cellular processes. Pin1 is a target of several oncogenic pathways and is overexpressed in human breast cancer. Its overexpression can lead to upregulation of cyclin D1 and transformation of breast epithelial cells in collaboration with the oncogenic pathways. In contrast, inhibition of Pin1 can suppress the transformation of breast epithelial cells. In addition, Pin1 knockout in mice prevents massive proliferation of breast epithelial cells during pregnancy. Pin1 plays a pivotal role in breast development and may be a promising new anticancer target.
Characterizing emotional dysfunction in borderline personality, major depression, and their co-occurrence

This research aimed to characterize patterns of emotional reactivity and dysregulation in borderline personality, depression, and their co-occurrence. In study 1, 488 young adult women from the community were categorized into four groups based on self-reported major depressive disorder (MDD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms (Low BPD/Low MDD; Low BPD/High MDD; High BPD/Low MDD; High BPD/High MDD). Immediate and prolonged subjective emotional reactivity to a laboratory stressor were assessed, and participants completed self-report and behavioral measures of emotion dysregulation. Study 2 extended these findings, examining emotional reactivity and dysregulation in a clinical population of 176 substance dependent patients with diagnoses of BPD and MDD and including a biological index of emotional reactivity. Results revealed greater prolonged fear reactivity in the High BPD/High MDD (vs. Low BPD/Low MDD) group in study 1, and greater prolonged anxiety and negative affect reactivity in both High BPD groups (vs. Low BPD/Low MDD and Low BPD/High MDD groups) in study 2 (but no differences in cortisol reactivity). Results also demonstrated greater subjective (but not behavioral) emotion dysregulation in the High BPD/High MDD (vs. Low BPD/Low MDD) group in study 1 and both High BPD groups (vs. both Low BPD groups) in study 2. Finally, the High BPD/High MDD group reported greater difficulties controlling impulsive behaviors compared with all other groups in study 1 and the Low BPD groups in study 2. Findings suggest that BPD pathology (but not MDD pathology alone) is characterized by greater prolonged emotional (especially anxiety/fear-related) reactivity and heightened emotion dysregulation.
General Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy

Antimicrobial agents are appropriate treatment for acute, severe, persistent, or progressive infectious diseases. The efficacy of treatment depends on the accuracy of the diagnosis of infection and the appropriateness of the antimicrobial agent for the causative microorganism. In this symposium, the antimicrobial agents reviewed correspond with the bacterial, fungal, viral, mycobacterial, parasitic, chlamydial, and other microorganisms that cause disease in humans. Usually, the etiologic possibilities can be limited on the basis of the history and physical examination, laboratory tests, or results of treatment trials. Many of the same findings, however, can result from noninfectious, other inflammatory, or unknown mechanisms. Manifestations such as fever and organ dysfunction are nonspecific and often not caused by an infectious process. Even when infection is clinically apparent, the causative microorganism may not be identified, and empiric treatment with broad-spectrum agents is appropriate in many cases of serious disease.
The Yeast Genetics Course at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory: Thirty Years and Counting

IN the 1970 second edition of his classic textbook, The Molecular Biology of the Gene , James D. Watson wrote, “There are now many reasons to intensify work on organisms like yeast” ([Watson 1970][1], p. 519). That same year, Watson followed his own advice by asking Gerald R. Fink—then at
Mechanisms for persistent microphthalmia following ethanol exposure during retinal neurogenesis in zebrafish embryos

The exposure of the developing human embryo to ethanol results in a spectrum of disorders involving multiple organ systems, including the visual system. One common phenotype seen in humans exposed to ethanol in utero is microphthalmia. The objective of this study was to describe the effects of ethanol during retinal neurogenesis in a model organism, the zebrafish, and to pursue the potential mechanisms by which ethanol causes microphthalmia. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 1% or 1.5% ethanol from 24 to 48 h after fertilization, a period during which the retinal neuroepithelium undergoes rapid proliferation and differentiation to form a laminated structure composed of different retinal cell types. Ethanol exposure resulted in significantly reduced eye size immediately following the treatment, and this microphthalmia persisted through larval development. This reduced eye size could not entirely be accounted for by the accompanying general delay in embryonic development. Retinal cell death was only slightly higher in ethanol-exposed embryos, although cell death in the lens was extensive in some of these embryos, and lenses were significantly reduced in size as compared to those of control embryos. The initiation of retinal neurogenesis was not affected, but the subsequent waves of cell differentiation were markedly reduced. Even cells that were likely generated after ethanol exposure—rod and cone photoreceptors and Muller glia—were delayed in their expression of cell-specific markers by at least 24 h. We conclude that ethanol exposure over the time of retinal neurogenesis resulted in persistent microphthalmia due to a combination of an overall developmental delay, lens abnormalities, and reduced retinal cell differentiation.
Variable costs in dynamic cournot energy markets

We study a game-theoretic model for energy markets. Our framework is an N-player stochastic dynamic Cournot game where one producer has a reserve (or stock) that depletes over time, while the others can produce indefinitely with no such quantity restriction. We think of the first player as producing energy from a fossil fuel such as oil, which is an exhaustible resource, while the others are producing from renewables. All players have costs of production that evolve over time, and the exhaustible player can choose to invest in R&D (research and development, including exploration) which may yield increases in stock probabilistically over time. The assumption that the players have heterogeneous and time-varying costs requires a reexamination and extension of previous literature which has typically considered homogeneous costs. We also study how this model may be applied to energy policy, comparing when it is optimal to consider taxing oil producers, opposed to subsidizing green energy, as a matter of public policy.
Modeling Learner’s Cognitive and Metacognitive Strategies in an Open-Ended Learning Environment

The Betty’s Brain computer-based learning system provides an open-ended and choice-rich environment for science learning. Using the learning-by-teaching paradigm paired with feedback and support provided by two pedagogical agents, the system also promotes the development of self-regulated learning strategies to support preparation for future learning. We apply metacognitive learning theories and experiential analysis to interpret the results from previous classroom studies. We propose an integrated cognitive and metacognitive model for effective, self-regulated student learning in the Betty’s Brain environment, and then apply this model to interpret and analyze common suboptimal learning strategies students apply during their learning. This comparison is used to derive feedback for helping learners overcome these difficulties and adopt more effective strategies for regulating their learning. Preliminary results demonstrate that students who were responsive to the feedback had better learning performance.
Abstract W P39: Relationship Between Lesion Topology and Clinical Outcome In Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusions

Background: Final infarct volume is a robust predictor of outcome in large vessel occlusion (LVO) patients but lesion location may also impact outcomes in these patients. DWI ASPECTS on follow-up MRI imaging, like infarct volume, is predictive of outcome in addition to providing information regarding lesion location. We aim to determine whether individual DWI ASPECTS regions have an impact on clinical outcome in anterior circulation large vessel occlusions. Methods: Patients with intracranial ICA, M1 and M2 MCA occlusions who underwent endovascular therapy between 2007 and 2014 at UPMC were included. Baseline demographics and outcomes including final infarct volume and 3-month mRS were collected. DWI ASPECTS based on follow-up MRI (12-72 hrs) was assessed by two observers. The impact of each DWI ASPECTS region on predicting poor outcome (mRS 3-6) was assessed by logistic regression analysis. Results: 213 patients were included in the analysis (mean age 66.1±1.0 yrs, median NIHSS 15 [IQR 11-18], 19.5% ICA and 72% M1 MCA occlusions, 3-month mRS 3-6 of 46.8%). Inter-rater reliability was good for DWI ASPECTS (Deep ASPECTS regions: Kappa=0.72, Cortical ASPECTS regions: Kappa=0.63). All DWI ASPECTS regions with the exception of “putamen” were significant predictors (p<0.05) of poor outcome in univariate analysis. In a multivariate analysis with all 10 ASPECTS regions included, only M4 (OR=0.33 95%CI 0.16-0.70, p=0.003) and M6 (OR 0.39, 95%CI 0.18-0.85, p=0.018) significantly predicted poor outcome while deep regions (caudate, putamen and internal capsule) did not. After controlling for final infarct volume, M4 (p=0.045) and M6 (p=0.018) regions remained significant predictors of poor outcome. M6 was independently associated with poor outcome in right hemispheric lesions (OR 0.13 95%CI 0.04-0.47, p=0.002) while M4 (OR 0.14 95%CI 0.04-0.48, p=0.011) predicted poor outcome in left hemispheric lesions. Conclusions: Involvement of the right parieto-occipital (M6) and left superior-frontal (M4) regions seem to have a significant impact on outcome in LVO patients. While these results need to be replicated in other patient cohorts, lesion topology may also need to be considered in outcome prediction in LVO patients.
Preface to the special volume on the second Sandia Fracture Challenge

In this study, ductile failure of structural metals is a pervasive issue for applications such as automotive manufacturing, transportation infrastructures, munitions and armor, and energy generation. Experimental investigation of all relevant failure scenarios is intractable, requiring reliance on computation models. Our confidence in model predictions rests on unbiased assessments of the entire predictive capability, including the mathematical formulation, numerical implementation, calibration, and execution.
Effect of l-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid, silver nitrate, and norbornadiene on plant regeneration from maize callus cultures.

The effect of the ethylene antagonists norbornadiene and silver nitrate and the ethylene precursor l-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) on Zea mays plant regeneration was studied. A 12-fold increase in plant regeneration, as measured by number of plants obtained per gram fresh weight from callus cultures of maize inbreds Pa91 and H99, was obtained by 250 μM norbornadiene and 100 μM silver nitrate treatments. An increase in amout of nonregenerable tissue and a 68% decrease in plant regeneration were associated with callus treated with 1 mM ACC. Ethylene emanation from 1 mM ACC treated callus reached a maximum of 170 nl g−1 h−1 after 3 days compared to 7 nl g−1 h−1 for the control. The free proline content was up to 80% lower in 1 mM ACC treated callus grown for 30 days on medium with or without 12 mM proline, respectively, as compared to each control. These studies indicate that ethylene action inhibitors such as norbornadiene and silver nitrate can be used to increase plant regeneration efficiency from maize callus cultures.
PEG-Phosphorylcholine Hydrogels As Tunable and Versatile Platforms for Mechanobiology

We report here the synthesis of a new class of hydrogels with an extremely wide range of mechanical properties suitable for cell studies. Mechanobiology has emerged as an important field in bioengineering, in part due to the development of synthetic polymer gels and fibrous protein biomaterials to control and quantify how cells sense and respond to mechanical forces in their microenvironment. To address the problem of limited availability of biomaterials, in terms of both mechanical range and optical clarity, we have prepared hydrogels that combine poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and phosphorylcholine (PC) zwitterions. Our goal was to create a hydrogel platform that exceeds the range of Young's moduli reported for similar hydrogels, while being simple to synthesize and manipulate. The Young's modulus of these "PEG-PC" hydrogels can be tuned over 4 orders of magnitude, much greater than commonly used hydrogels such as PEG-diacrylate, PEG-dimethacrylate, and polyacrylamide, with smaller average mesh sizes and optical clarity. We prepared PEG-PC hydrogels to study how substrate mechanical properties influence cell morphology, focal adhesion structure, and proliferation across multiple mammalian cell lines, as a proof of concept. These novel PEG-PC biomaterials represent a new and useful class of mechanically tunable hydrogels for mechanobiology.
Abstract 2185: DLEU7 is a putative tumor suppressor in glioblastoma

DLEU7 was first identified as a tumor suppressor in B-CLL. We previously showed that Dleu7 functions as a potent NF-kappaB and NFAT inhibitor. To investigate possible function of Dleu7 in brain tumorigenesis we carried out the real-time PCR of RNAs isolated from different parts of human brain, brain tumors and brain tumor cell lines and found that expression of DLEU7 significantly decreased in brain tumor cell lines and brain tumors (glioblastoma) in comparison with normal brain tissues. We further investigated the effect of DLEU7 expression in HTB-15 glioblastoma cell line. Our results showed that Dleu7 overexpression resulted in apoptosis and cell cycle halt. In addition, adenovirus-mediated DLEU7 expression resulted in 100 percent increase of caspase 3/7 activation compared to AdenoGFP control in HTB-15 cells. Our data indicate that DLEU7 may play a tumor suppressor role in glioblastoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2185. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2185
Electrical properties and figures of merit for new chalcogenide-based thermoelectric materials

New Bi-based chalcogenide compounds have been prepared using the polychalcogenide flux technique for crystal growth. These materials exhibit characteristics of good thermoelectric materials. Single crystals of the compound CsBi4Te6 have shown conductivity as high as 2440 S/cm with a p-type thermoelectric power of ≈+110 µV/K at room temperature. A second compound, β-K2Bi8Se13 shows lower conductivity ≈ 240 S/cm, but a larger n-type thermopower ≈-200 fuV/K. Thermal transport measurements have been performed on hot-pressed pellets of these materials and the results show comparable or lower thermal conductivities than Bi2Te3. This improvement may reflect the reduced lattice symmetry of the new chalcogenide thermoelectrics. The thermoelectric figure of merit for CsBi4Te6 reaches ZT ≈ 0.32 at 260 K and for β-K2Bi8Se13 ZT ≈ 0.32 at room temperature, indicating that these compounds are viable candidates for thermoelectric refrigeration applications.
Creation and Validation of a Comprehensive 1° by 1° Daily Gridded North American Dataset for 1900–2009: Snowfall

AbstractThis study details the creation of a gridded snowfall dataset for North America, with focus on the quality of the interpolated product. Daily snowfall amounts from National Weather Service Cooperative Observer Program stations and Meteorological Service of Canada surface stations are interpolated to 1° by 1° grids from 1900 to 2009 and examined for data record length and quality. The interpolation is validated spatially and temporally through the use of stratified sampling and k-fold cross-validation analyses. Interpolation errors average around 0.5 cm and range from less than 0.01 to greater than 2.5 cm. For most locations, this is within the measurement sensitivity. Grid cells with large variations in elevation experience higher errors and should be used with caution. A new gridded snowfall climatology is presented based on in situ observations that capture seasonal and interannual variability in monthly snowfall over most of the North American land area from 1949 to 2009. The Community Collabor...
Determination of benzo[a]pyrene in edible vegetable oil by online gel permeation chromatography-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Objective:To develop a qualitative and quantitative method for detection of benzo[a]pyrene in edible vegetable oil by online gel permeation chromatography-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GPC-GC/MS).Methods: After weighed(about 1g) and spiked with the isotopic labeled perylene-d12,the sample was dissolved by GPC mobile phase and directly detected by online GPC-GC/MS.Results: The limit of detection(LOD) was 0.3 μg/kg and the linear range was 1.0 μg/kg～100 μg/kg with correlation coefficent of 0.9995.The recoveries were 90.3%～111% with relative standard deviations(RSDs)5.2%～10.7%.Conclusion: The method was fast,easy,accurate and less organic solvent consumed.
Long-Run Risks and Risk Compensation in Equity Markets

Abstract What drives the compensation in equity markets? This article shows that long-run growth and economic uncertainty in the economy play an important role in determining the risk in equity markets. The size of the market risk premium, the level of the risk-free rate, the volatility of asset prices, and differences in the risk compensation across assets are shown to be related to risks pertaining to the long-run growth and uncertainty in the economy.