cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative Outcomes of Conventional and Miniaturized Percutaneous Nephrostolithotomy for the Treatment of Kidney Stones—Does a Miniaturized Tract Improve Quality of Care?

AbstractIntroduction: Percutaneous nephrostolithotomy is the method of choice to treat renal stones larger than 2 cm due to its high stone-free rates but it has potentially increased blood loss, postoperative pain and hospital stay compared to other treatments. Miniaturizing the percutaneous tract has recently gained interest. We performed a quality improvement study to investigate whether mini percutaneous nephrostolithotomy would reduce postoperative analgesic use, blood loss, operative time and/or hospital stay relative to the conventional approach while maintaining stone-free rates in our patient population.Methods: The outcomes of 29 consecutive mini percutaneous nephrostolithotomies were compared to 27 conventional procedures performed by a single surgeon at our institution. Inclusion criteria were age 18 years or older, body mass index 18 to 40 kg/m2 and first look percutaneous nephrostolithotomy for stones 1 to 3.5 cm. Conventional percutaneous nephrostolithotomy was performed through a 30Fr tract...
Mindfulness Applications in Health and Mental Disorders

The ability to exercise self-control is a vital aspect of human adaptability, and fundamental to health and well-being. Problems associated with self-control deficiencies are common and are associated with diverse behavioral problems and mental disorders. This chapter focuses on the effects of mindfulness on health and mental disorders such as stress reduction, immune function, addictions, ADHD, depression and aging. We suggest that mindfulness is an interventional technique that is beneficial to health and well-being, as well as an attitude and skill that can become a healthy habit and even a lifestyle.
Science from a glimpse: Hubble SNAPshot observations of massive galaxy clusters

Hubble Space Telescope SNAPshot surveys of 86 X-ray selected galaxy clusters at $0.3 0.3$. Examining the evolution of the slope of the cluster red sequence, we observe at best a slight decrease with redshift, indicating minimal age contribution since $z\sim 1$. Congruent to previous studies' findings, we note that the two BCGs which are significantly bluer ($\geq 5\sigma$) than their clusters' red sequences reside in relaxed clusters and exhibit pronounced internal structure. Thanks to our targets' high X-ray luminosity, the subset of our sample observed with Chandra adds valuable leverage to the X-ray luminosity--optical richness relation, which, albeit with substantial scatter, is now clearly established from groups to extremely massive clusters of galaxies. We conclude that SNAPshot observations of MACS clusters stand to continue to play a vital pathfinder role for astrophysical investigations across the entire electromagnetic spectrum.
Abstract B133: Identification of elatol as a novel eIF4A inhibitor and stress response activator

It is well established that protein translation can contribute the most adaptable regulation of protein-coding gene expression, is frequently hijacked during oncogenesis, and can be targeted therapeutically. Most regulation of protein translation occurs at the initiation step with formation and function of the eIF4F complex. Many different avenues, both direct and indirect, have been explored to inhibit eIF4F and thus protein translation initiation, in particular drugs targeting eIF4F’s core-enzymatic subunit, the DEAD-box RNA helicase eIF4A. Despite extensive preclinical evaluation and high antitumor activity of these compounds, none has progressed to evaluation in cancer patients, due to a variety of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic issues. We designed a novel screen to identify eIF4A inhibitors by measuring ATP hydrolysis and screened a collection of ~1,200 natural compounds and purified extracts. The marine natural product elatol was the top hit in our screen, that not only showed selectivity for eIF4A over other dead box family helicases and a panel of 97 common kinases, but also induced apoptosis in a broad range of cancer cell lines from the NCI-60 cancer cell line and CCLE panels. Elatol is well tolerated in mice at a single dose of up to 65mg/kg and showed antitumor activity. Elatol treatment reduced global protein translation measured through polysome profiling and O-propargyl puromycin incorporation as well as cap-dependent translation measured by luciferase reporter and Western blotting. The effects of elatol are similar to the rocaglate silvestrol, which inhibits eIF4A although through a very different mechanism, but elatol requires higher concentrations to achieve these effects. Interestingly, elatol treatment causes strong immediate induction of the stress response transcription factor ATF4, though assessment in ATF4-deficient cells showed the toxicity of elatol is not dependent on ATF4. Unlike with silvestrol treatment, loss of translationally regulated proteins MYC and CYCLIN D3 following elatol treatment can be partially rescued by blocking the eIF2α-mediated stress response with ISRIB. Which eIF2α kinase may be mediating these effects is still under investigation. The novel mechanism of inhibition of ATP hydrolysis may be driving these unique observations compared to other eIF4A inhibitors. We believe this study provides a novel approach for identification of small molecules that have greater clinical promise for eIF4A inhibition. Citation Format: Tara L. Peters, Joseph Tillotson, Lingxiao Li, Eli Chapman, Jonathan H. Schatz. Identification of elatol as a novel eIF4A inhibitor and stress response activator [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B133.
Kinetics of Ethylene Epoxidation on a Promoted Ag/α‐Al2O3 Catalyst—The Effects of Product and Chloride Co‐Feeds on Rates and Selectivity

The overall chloriding effectiveness factor (Z*), defined as the ratio of ethyl chloride concentration in parts per million to the sum of ethylene and ethane concentration in mole percent multiplied by a weighting factor to account for their efficacy in removing chlorine-adatoms from the surface, was used as a parameter to account for the effects of chlorine on the kinetics of ethylene epoxidation on a highly promoted 35 wt % Ag/α-Al2 O3 catalyst. An increase in O2 order (≈0.7 to 1) and a decrease in C2 H4 order (≈0.5 to <0) with increasing Z* (Z*=2.1, 3.4, 5.2, and 8.9) was observed implicating kinetic relevance of O2 activation on chloride-promoted silver catalysts. Carbon dioxide co-feed (1-5 mol %) was found to promote ethylene oxide selectivity as CO2 co-feed reversibly inhibits CO2 synthesis rates (-0.6 order) more than ethylene oxide synthesis rates (-0.49 order) at all Z* values. Ethylene oxide and CO2 rates were found to be invariant with ethylene oxide (0-0.5 mol %) and acetaldehyde (0-1.7 ppm) co-feeds, suggesting that there is minimal product inhibition under reaction conditions. A model involving a common reaction intermediate for ethylene oxide and carbon dioxide synthesis and two types of atomically adsorbed oxygen species-nucleophilic and electrophilic oxygen-is proposed to plausibly describe the observed reaction rate dependencies and selectivity trends as a function of the chloriding effectiveness.
Nutrition guidelines for burned patients

Among all hospitalized patients, burned patients have been shown to have the greatest increase in metabolic demand. However, the temptation to overfeed those patients must be recognized, as that practice may lead to increased morbidity. Care must be taken to provide an appropriate nutritional regimen in order to minimize protein catabolism and to promote wound healing. Several formulas for calculating energy and protein needs for burned patients have been reviewed for this article, along with guidelines for estimating other nutrients for such patients. Methods for providing nutrition therapy depend on many factors, such as extent and degree of injury and gastrointestinal function. The feeding methods most commonly used are parenteral (peripheral and central venous alimentation) and enteral (oral and naso-gastric tube feeding). Guidelines for using both parenteral and enteral feedings are discussed, as well as reliable methods for evaluating the nutrition assessment of the burned patient. It must be noted that standard assessment parameters are often unreliable, and their limitations are also addressed. In addition, several new parameters are introduced, including compliance with caloric goal, corrected weight change, and prediction of total urinary nitrogen to be used to calculate nitrogen balance.
Endogenous Analgesia, Dependence, and Latent Pain Sensitization

Endogenous activation of µ-opioid receptors (MORs) provides relief from acute pain. Recent studies have established that tissue inflammation produces latent pain sensitization (LS) that is masked by spinal MOR signaling for months, even after complete recovery from injury and re-establishment of normal pain thresholds. Disruption with MOR inverse agonists reinstates pain and precipitates cellular, somatic, and aversive signs of physical withdrawal; this phenomenon requires N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-mediated activation of calcium-sensitive adenylyl cyclase type 1 (AC1). In this review, we present a new conceptual model of the transition from acute to chronic pain, based on the delicate balance between LS and endogenous analgesia that develops after painful tissue injury. First, injury activates pain pathways. Second, the spinal cord establishes MOR constitutive activity (MORCA) as it attempts to control pain. Third, over time, the body becomes dependent on MORCA, which paradoxically sensitizes pain pathways. Stress or injury escalates opposing inhibitory and excitatory influences on nociceptive processing as a pathological consequence of increased endogenous opioid tone. Pain begets MORCA begets pain vulnerability in a vicious cycle. The final result is a silent insidious state characterized by the escalation of two opposing excitatory and inhibitory influences on pain transmission: LS mediated by AC1 (which maintains the accelerator) and pain inhibition mediated by MORCA (which maintains the brake). This raises the prospect that opposing homeostatic interactions between MORCA analgesia and latent NMDAR–AC1-mediated pain sensitization creates a lasting vulnerability to develop chronic pain. Thus, chronic pain syndromes may result from a failure in constitutive signaling of spinal MORs and a loss of endogenous analgesic control. An overarching long-term therapeutic goal of future research is to alleviate chronic pain by either (a) facilitating endogenous opioid analgesia, thus restricting LS within a state of remission, or (b) extinguishing LS altogether.
Issues and Concepts in Research on Computer-Mediated Communication Systems

Computers and telecommunications networks have converged to provide a new category of communication media: computer-mediated communication systems (CMCS). The increasing development and application of these systems is matched by increasing research concerning their uses and implications. However, it is often difficult to integrate this body of research across disciplines, technologies, and research processes. Further, such research is often too narrowly focused. This chapter suggests four dimensions of research—stakeholders, goals, analytical domain, and tools—that scholars may use to guide and expand future studies of CMCS.
Are albino rats night blind

Based on single-unit recordings from the superior colliculus and optic nerve, albino rats recently were reported to have dark-adapted thresholds that are 2 log units higher than those of pigmented rats. To confirm this result, electroretinograms (ERG) were recorded with pupillary light reflex thresholds from the same strains of albino (CD) and pigmented (Long-Evans hooded) rats. Neither ERG nor pupil measurements showed higher dark-adapted thresholds for albino relative to pigmented animals. Both groups had dark-adapted thresholds close to the thresholds found for hooded animals in the reported study. These experiments measuring ERGs and pupillary light reflexes do not verify the report of night blindness in albino rats.
Security tools: TSIEM and AppScan source for security

Data security is becoming increasingly important for our interconnected and technologically dependent world. In addition to the usual access control, auditing and encryption requirements, many organizations are now requiring software development vendors to prove that they employ secure engineering techniques such as static code analysis in order to eliminate security vulnerabilities from their software. Many organizations also feel that traditional application-specific auditing solutions are inadequate at cost-effectively meeting standard compliance requirements. For example, organizations would like to be able to manage and correlate audit information at the enterprise level. This workshop introduces two security tools: Tivoli Security Information and Event Manager (TSIEM) as well as AppScan Source Edition for Security.
Supernumerary Incisors in CB6F1 Mice Conditioned with Chemotherapy and Total Body Irradiation before Bone Marrow Transplantation

Multiple adult female CB6F1 mice presented with supernumerary incisors after preconditioning with chemotherapy and total body irradiation for bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Mice received nonmyeloablative total body irradiation (3 Gy) and either cyclophosphamide or bendamustine, followed by BMT and posttransplantation cyclophosphamide or bendamustine. Here we describe the clinical presentation, μCT findings, and histopathologic evaluation of the affected mice. These analyses confirmed the gross diagnosis and revealed details of the abnormal tooth morphology. We surmise that the combination of total body irradiation and chemotherapy resulted in the abnormal formation of supernumerary incisors. Supernumerary teeth should be considered as a potential confounding factor in tracking weight loss after BMT. These conditions can be managed to allow animals to reach their intended scientific endpoint.
Adjunct Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software & Technology

We are very excited to welcome you to the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST), held from November 8-11th 2015, in Charlotte, North Carolina, USA. UIST is the premier forum for the presentation of research innovations in the software and technology of human-computer interfaces. Sponsored by ACM's special interest groups on computer-human interaction (SIGCHI) and computer graphics (SIGGRAPH), UIST brings together researchers and practitioners from diverse areas including graphical & web user interfaces, tangible & ubiquitous computing, virtual & augmented reality, multimedia, new input & output devices, fabrication, wearable computing and CSCW. UIST 2015 received 297 technical paper submissions. After a thorough review process, the 39-member program committee accepted 70 papers (23.6%). Each anonymous submission that entered the full review process was first reviewed by three external reviewers, and a meta-review was provided by a program committee member. If, after these four reviews, the submission was deemed to pass a rebuttal threshold, we asked the authors to submit a short rebuttal addressing the reviewers' concerns. A second member of the program committee was then asked to examine the paper, rebuttal, and reviews, and to provide their own meta-review. The program committee met in person in Berkeley, California, USA on June 25th and 26th, 2015, to select which papers to invite for the program. Submissions were accepted only after the authors provided a final revision addressing the committee's comments. In addition to papers, our program includes two papers from the ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction journal (TOCHI), as well as 22 posters, 45 demonstrations, and 8 student presentations in the eleventh annual Doctoral Symposium. Our program also features the seventh annual Student Innovation Contest. Teams from all over the world will compete in this year's contest, which focuses on blurring the lines between art and engineering and creating tools for robotic storytelling. UIST 2015 will feature two keynote presentations. The opening keynote will be given by Ramesh Raskar (MIT Media Lab) on extreme computational imaging. Blaise Aguera Y Arcas from Google will deliver the closing keynote on machine intelligence. We welcome you to Charlotte, a city full of southern hospitality. We hope that you will find the technical program interesting and thought-provoking. We also hope that UIST 2015 will provide you with enjoyable opportunities to engage with fellow researchers from both industry and academia, from institutions around the world.
Understanding the Spatial Heterogeneity of Global Environmental Change in Mountain Regions

One of the challenges for global environmental change research is to understand how future climate changes will be expressed in mountain regions. The physiographic complexity of mountains creates environments that can be highly variable over relatively short distances. This spatial heterogeneity reflects a hierarchy of environmental controls. At regional scales, insolation and atmospheric circulation features determine the dominant regional climate patterns that affect mountain regions. At finer spatial scales, substrate, aspect, elevation, and a number of other environmental factors influence ecosystem dynamics. Vegetation, for example, is affected by all levels of this hierarchy, from regional-scale climate regimes down to site-specific features, such as substrate type (cf. Korner, this volume).
Data Ops, Objectivity, and Outsiders: Journalistic Coverage of Data Campaigning

The last decade has seen the meteoric rise of data campaigning as a central concern of political campaigns. This article offers insight into how journalists and political professionals construct pr...
Current cannabis use and smoking cessation among treatment seeking combustible smokers.

Abstract Introduction Combustible tobacco smoking and cannabis use frequently occur together, and the use of both substances is associated with overall greater severity of tobacco and cannabis related problems. Observational work has found that cannabis use is associated with tobacco cessation failure, but research directly testing the longitudinal associations of cannabis use on tobacco cessation during smoking cessation treatment is lacking. The current study examined the impact of current cannabis use on combustible tobacco cessation outcomes. Methods 207 daily combustible tobacco smokers (Mage = 38.24 years, SD = 14.84, 48.1 % male) were enrolled in a randomized controlled smoking cessation trial. Survival analyses and multi-level modeling were used to assess lapse and relapse behavior through 12-week follow up. The current study is a secondary data analysis. Results Results of the current study suggest that cannabis use is associated with faster time to lapse (OR = 0.644, se = .188, p = .019), but not relapse (OR = −0.218, se = .403, p = .525), compared to combustible tobacco-only smokers. Additionally, cannabis use was associated with lower likelihood of achieving any 7-day point prevalence abstinence during the 12 week follow up (b = 0.93, se = 0 0.24, p = 0.0001). Conclusions The current study provides novel evidence that cannabis use may be related to combustible tobacco use in terms of faster time to lapse and lower likelihood of any 7-day point prevalence abstinence following smoking cessation treatment. Developing integrated cannabis-tobacco cessation treatments is an important next step in research focused on tobacco-cannabis use.
Maturation of Purkinje cell firing properties relies on granule cell neurogenesis

Preterm infants that suffer cerebellar insults often develop motor disorders and cognitive difficulty. Granule cells are especially vulnerable, and they likely instigate disease by impairing the function of Purkinje cells. Here, we use regional genetic manipulations and in vivo electrophysiology to test whether granule cells help establish the firing properties of Purkinje cells during postnatal mouse development. We generated mice that lack granule cell neurogenesis and tracked the structural and functional consequences on Purkinje cells in these agranular pups. We reveal that Purkinje cells fail to acquire their typical connectivity and morphology, and the formation of characteristic Purkinje cell firing patterns is delayed by one week. We also show that the agranular pups have impaired motor behaviors and vocal skills. These data argue that granule cell neurogenesis sets the maturation time window for Purkinje cell function and refines cerebellar-dependent behaviors.
Disproportionate burden of coronavirus disease 2019 among racial minorities and those in congregate settings among a large cohort of people with HIV.

BACKGROUND: Many people living with HIV (PLWH) have comorbidities which are risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or have exposures that may lead to acquisition of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2. There are few studies, however, on the demographics, comorbidities, clinical presentation, or outcomes of COVID-19 in people with HIV. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate risk factors, clinical manifestations, and outcomes in a large cohort of PLWH with COVID-19. METHODS: We systematically identified all PLWH who were diagnosed with COVID-19 at a large hospital from 3 March to 26 April 2020 during an outbreak in Massachusetts. We analyzed each of the cases to extract information including demographics, medical comorbidities, clinical presentation, and illness course after COVID-19 diagnosis. RESULTS: We describe a cohort of 36 PLWH with confirmed COVID-19 and another 11 patients with probable COVID-19. Almost 85% of PLWH with confirmed COVID-19 had a comorbidity associated with severe disease, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, or hypertension. Approximately 77% of PLWH with COVID-19 were non-Hispanic Black or Latinx whereas only 40% of the PLWH in our clinic were Black or Latinx. Nearly half of PLWH with COVID-19 had exposure to congregate settings. In addition to people with confirmed COVID-19, we identified another 11 individuals with probable COVID-19, almost all of whom had negative PCR testing. CONCLUSION: In the largest cohort to date of PLWH and confirmed COVID-19, almost all had a comorbidity associated with severe disease, highlighting the importance of non-HIV risk factors in this population. The racial disparities and frequent link to congregate settings in PLWH and COVID-19 need to be explored urgently.
Realizing Spin-Hamiltonians in Nanolaser Lattices

We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that coupled metallic nanolasers can be used to emulate spin-Hamiltonians. Depending on the geometry of the array, we observe ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic behaviors, as well as geometric frustration.
Process robustness and defect formation mechanisms in unidirectional semipreg

Out-of-autoclave/vacuum-bag-only (OoA/VBO) composite processing has emerged as an alternative to autoclave cure, addressing economic, environmental, and production flexibility limitations associate...
Effects of dietary inclusion of GuarPro F-71 on the growth performance and nutrient metabolism in young growing pigs

Using alternative feedstuffs can be a feasible measure to reduce swine production cost. GuarPro F-71 (GP71), a newly developed guar meal product, is considered as a potential protein source for pig...
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor mediates pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular remodeling induced by inhaled nicotine

Chronic, inhaled nicotine causes pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular remodeling in mice. Treatment with losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, ameliorates nicotine-induced...
Social functioning in schizophrenia: Comparing laboratory-based assessment with real-world measures.

Abstract Researchers have measured social functioning in schizophrenia using many different strategies. Recent technological advances have made it possible to passively measure behaviors in real-world social situations—allowing for more objective, ecologically valid assessments. Yet, research testing the convergent validity among real-world and laboratory-based social functioning assessment is sparse. The purpose of this study was to test the convergent validity among four social functioning measures: two interview-based rating scales, a self-reported ecological momentary assessment (EMA), and a passive, ambulatory ecological assessment. Data was collected from 36 people with schizophrenia and 33 control participants. Across the entire sample, relationships between interview-based ratings and real-world measures of social functioning only demonstrated small correlations (r's = 0.17–0.19), whereas real-world measures exhibited moderate correlations with one another (r = 0.36). Within groups, real-world measures showed moderate, significant relationships in the control group (r = 0.44) but not in the schizophrenia group (r = 0.27). For those with schizophrenia, the interview-based measures of social functioning were moderately associated with ambulatory ecological assessment (r's = 0.38 and 0.47), but only small associations were observed with self-reported EMA (r's = 0.15 and 0.17). Results suggest social functioning assessments are not highly convergent and likely target different aspects of social functioning. Laboratory-based measures offer global impressions of social functioning whereas real-world measures represent a more nuanced approach. Moreover, ambulatory ecological assessment may most accurately gauge frequency of daily social interactions for those with schizophrenia as it circumvents common pitfalls of self-report and offers a less-biased, in-depth evaluation of social behavior.
Reconsidering Egypt’s Part in the Termination of the Middle Bronze Age in Palestine

(1989). Reconsidering Egypt’s Part in the Termination of the Middle Bronze Age in Palestine. Levant: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 181-193.
A portable environment for research in automated reasoning

The Interactive Theorem Prover (ITP), an environment that supports research into the theory and application of automated reasoning, is described. ITP is an interactive system providing convenient access to and control of the many inference mechanisms of Logic Machine Architecture (LMA), described elsewhere, LMA itself has been substantially enhanced since the last report on its status, and we describe here some of the enhancements, particularly the addition of a tightly-coupled logic programming component, which provides an integration of the theorem-proving and logic programming approaches to problems represented in the predicate calculus.
An Analysis of Cruise Ship Meetings

Abstract Cruise ships have become one of the many options for corporate meeting planners when faced with a decision regarding a destination for meetings and incentives (employee rewards). In the past five years, all major cruise lines have unveiled mega cruise ships to attract a piece of the more than $20 billion corporate meeting and incentives market (Buia, 2001). But how much interest really exists among the meeting planners in holding their meetings aboard cruise ships? Are cruise ship meetings really comparable to meetings planned in land based meeting facilities? This paper explores the meeting planners' perceptions and interests in cruise ship meetings.
Climbing Around on the Tree of Mathematics.

fl| m hen I was in graduate school ump M mm m teen years ago, I was occasionally Iffll visited by anxiety attacks centered : V on such thoughts as " What am I W mm doing here?" Specifically, I won dered how someone as obviously inconsequential as myself could hope to contribute any original thought to the vast lexicon of original thoughts known collectively as Mathematics. Without that obvious prerequisite, what would I use as a ! dissertation? One afternoon, while I was suffering such an attack in the office of my thesis advisor, he con soled me by suggesting that the entire body of Mathematical Knowledge was very much like a tree. The main body was this big trunk of gen* eral knowledge, firom which protruded different branches of concentration, from which emerged smaller branches of specialization, from which finally sprouted twigs of truly atc?n? trivia. All that I had to do to expand the tree was to ascend the trunk, climb out on a branch, crawl along sope : branchlets to reach some twig, then reach out and .} extend that one little twig by some tiny amount Doctoral dissertations, in other words* were not about branches; they were about twigsv Encouraged by this clarification of my mis sion, I returned to my studies with renewed opti mism. Eventually I climbed the trunk to the point where I could access the branch of Coinbinatotics.
Does a Quantum Particle Know the Time

Consider the Hamiltonian H = -(1/4π)(∂ 2/∂x 2) on the circle T = ℝ/ℤ. The unitary exponential exp itH is the solution operator for the time-dependent Schrodinger equation $$\frac{1}{i}\frac{\partial }{{\partial t}}E + \frac{1}{{\partial {{x}^{2}}}}E = 0,$$ (0.1a) i.e., exp itH E 0 (x) is the solution of (0.1a) with the initial condition E 0. The distributional kernel of exp itH can be written as a series, $$\left\langle {x\left| {\exp {\text{itH}}} \right|y} \right\rangle = \sum\limits_{{n \in \mathbb{Z}}} e \left( {\frac{{{{n}^{2}}t}}{2} + n\left( {x - y} \right)} \right).$$ where we use the notation e (z) = e 2πiz. We replace (x - y) by x and look at the function $$E\left( {t,x} \right) = \sum\limits_{{n \in \mathbb{Z}}} {e\left( {\frac{{{{n}^{2}}t}}{2} + nx} \right)} .$$ (0.2) We will be interested in the regularity of E(t, x) in x at different times t ∈ [0, 2).
The Challenges of Screening DUI Offenders

Prior to 1970, most states in the United States at strict penalties that were imposed on convicted DUI offenders. These penalties usually included monetary fines and suspension of driving privileges with sanctions for multiple offenses naturally penalties imposed on recidivists were much greater than for first offenders. However, by the mid 1970s, the national Highway traffic safety administration began to implement alcohol safety action programs, which were instituted in 35 communities across United States and we're sometimes referred to as alcohol countermeasure programs, whereby convicted offenders we're legally mandated to attend alcohol education programs. Many of these alcohol countermeasure programs would include some type of screening assessment to determine whether alcohol education was sufficient or whether alcohol counseling or treatment might be necessary. This came time when it was determined that Street driving under the influence laws and penalties alone were not sufficient in reducing recidivism rates, which within as high as 33% of first offenders who would subsequently receive a second driving under the influence offense. It has been estimated that approximately 50% of first time offenders may have an alcohol use disorder, where is the other half probably comprise individuals who made a poor decision to drink and drive after attending an event such as a wedding or a party. It was hypothesized that these four decision-makers probably do not drink and drive on a consistent basis, as do those with an alcohol use disorder, where by drinking and driving is likely to occur on a regular basis. In this regard, it has been estimated that this group of drivers will make somewhere in the area of 400 drinking and driving trips, prior to coming to the attention of the police.... KEYWORDS: Alcohol drinking; Automobile driving Language: en
Information Search Behavior and Tourist Characteristics: The Internet vis-à-vis Other Information Sources

SUMMARY The Internet as a new form of media is impacting tourist information provision and acquisition. A better understanding of the use of the Internet and other information sources by tourists will benefit the marketing efforts of destination organizations. Based on a general consumer behavior theory by Berkman and Gilson (1986), this study examined the relationships between tourists' use of the Internet vs. other information sources and their characteristics. It was found that demographic characteristics of gender and household income and situational factors of trip purpose and travel party type were significantly related to tourists' choices of information sources; and such behavior was associated with their trip outcomes of accommodation types and expenditure. The study's implications were discussed in the context of destination marketing.
Production of organometallic polymers by the interfacial technique. XIV. Synthesis of poly[stannylalkylene(arylene)diamines] and partial mechanistic study of their production

Poly[stannylalkylene(arylene)diamines] of the below form were synthesized from dichlorostannanes and diamines using a modified nonaqueous interfacial system employing 2.5-hexanedione or acetonitrile and liquid hydrocarbons. Possible reaction phathways are presented. Poly[stannylalkylene(arylen)diamine] wurden durch Grenzflachenpolykondensation von Dichlorstannanen mit Diaminen in einem modifizierten wasserfreien Losungsmittelsystem aus Hexandion(2.5) oder Acetonitril und Kohlenwasserstoffen hergestellt. Die Polymeren haben wahrscheinlich die folgende Struktur: Mogliche Reaktionsmechanismen werden besprochen.
Increasing student recruitment into neurology: Joining the family.

The United States faced an estimated deficit of 1,800 neurologists in 2012 and could face a shortfall of more than 3,000 neurologists by 2025.1 This situation raises the question of what strategies medical educators could use to recruit medical students into neurology. One approach has included increasing student exposure to neurology through required clerkships.2 While important, exposure is simply not enough. Medical students must come to identify themselves with the community of neurologists in order to feel the desire to join our specialty.
Is the B state of Na3 a case of Berry's phase?

The B state of Na3 is often cited as an example of fractional quantization of the pseudorotational motion on the lower adiabatic surface of theE×e Jahn-Teller system. Recently, an alternative interpretation of the experimental results was given which is based on a pseudo-Jahn-Teller treatment and implies integer quantization. We present rotationally resolved spectra of a number of vibronic bands of the Na3 B-X system and believe that they can only be explained in terms of integer quantum numbersj of the vibronic angular momentum.
Comparative SHG and XPS studies of interactions between defects and N2O on rutile TiO2(110) surfaces

Abstract In previous studies on TiO 2 (110) surfaces O 2 has been shown to heal Ti 3+ defects generated by above band-gap UV or low-energy electron-beam exposure. Electron affinity, rather than oxygen content may dictate whether a molecule will interact with a defect to result in defect healing. This paper examines interactions between TiO 2 (110) surfaces and N 2 O which has a substantial electron affinity. N 2 O is seen to heal defects at comparable exposures to those needed for O 2 healing. XPS indicates that N 2 O heals defects by dissociating such that no nitrogen remains on the surface. XPS could detect no difference between surfaces healed by N 2 O and those healed by O 2 . However, SHG indicates that surfaces healed by N 2 O differ slightly from surfaces similarly healed by O 2 , suggesting that O 2 may interact with defects on these surfaces to form Ti 4+ :O 2 − complexes.
Comparison between proximal thoracic vascular measurements obtained by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography and by transthoracic echocardiography in infants and children with congenital heart disease.

Accurate assessment of the proximal thoracic vasculature in infants and children with congenital heart disease (CHD) is vital for deciding the appropriate surgical or interventional procedure and predicting outcomes. This information usually is obtained by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) frequently is used to obtain diagnostic data when the image quality by TTE is limited. Calculation of z-scores for measurements obtained by CE-MRA in this population currently is not possible due to the lack of normative data. A reasonable agreement between vessel dimensions by CE-MRA and TTE will allow the use of TTE-based z-scores on measurements from CE-MRA. This study examines the accuracy and agreement of proximal thoracic vascular measurements obtained by CE-MRA versus TTE. Infants and children younger than 3 years with CHD who had a CE-MRA between August 2006 and May 2011 were retrospectively identified. Main and branch pulmonary arteries, ascending aorta, distal transverse arch, and aortic isthmus were measured from CE-MRA and TTE in analogous imaging planes and locations by two investigators blinded to each other. The study enrolled 35 subjects with CHD. The median age was 129 days (range, 0–1077 days), and the median weight was 5.8 kg (range, 2.16–17 kg). The median interval between the two imaging methods was 9 days (range, 0–60 days). Data analysis was performed with 129 of the 210 possible paired measurements. The remaining 81 paired measurements could not be performed due to inaccurate visualization of vessel borders or an unavailable imaging plane from TTE, CE-MRA, or both. The range of vessel sizes measured from 2.8 to 23.4 mm. There was excellent correlation between CE-MRA and TTE (r = 0.94, p < 0.001). The mean difference between the measurements was –0.1 ± 1.2 mm, and the limits of agreement were −2.5 to 2.3 mm. Proximal thoracic vascular measurements obtained by CE-MRA and TTE in infants and children with CHD have a strong correlation. The agreement between these two imaging methods is adequate. Until normative data for vessel size measurements obtained from CE-MRA are available for this population, TTE-based z-scores can be applied to the measurements obtained by CE-MRA.
Energy consumption of TCP Reno, Newreno, and SACK in multi-hop wireless networks

In this paper we compare the energy consumption behavior of three versions of TCP --- Reno, Newreno, and SACK. The experiments were performed on a wireless testbed where we measured the energy consumed at the sender node. Our results indicate that, in most cases, using total energy consumed as the metric, SACK outperforms Newreno and Reno while Newreno performs better than Reno. The experiments emulated a large set of network conditions including variable round trip times, random loss, bursty loss, and packet reordering. We also estimated the idealized energy for each of the three implementations (i.e., we subtract out the energy consumed when the sender is idle) and here, surprisingly, we find that in many instances SACK performs poorly compared to the other two implementations. We conclude that if the mobile device has a very low idle power consumption then SACK is not the best implementation to use for bursty or random loss. On the other hand, if the idle power consumption is significant, then SACK is the best choice since it has the lowest overall energy consumption.
A rhamnolipid biosurfactant reduces cadmium toxicity during naphthalene biodegradation.

A model cocontaminated system was developed to determine whether a metal-complexing biosurfactant, rhamnolipid, could reduce metal toxicity to allow enhanced organic biodegradation by a Burkholderia sp. isolated from soil. Rhamnolipid eliminated cadmium toxicity when added at a 10-fold greater concentration than cadmium (890 μM), reduced toxicity when added at an equimolar concentration (89 μM), and had no effect at a 10-fold smaller concentration (8.9 μM). The mechanism by which rhamnolipid reduces metal toxicity may involve a combination of rhamnolipid complexation of cadmium and rhamnolipid interaction with the cell surface to alter cadmium uptake.
Eikonal calculation of electron-capture cross sections from an arbitrary nlm shell of a hydrogenic target into an arbitrary n ′ l ′ m ′ shell of a fast bare projectile

Using techniques similar to those previously employed, we apply the eikonal approximation to the evaluation of the cross section for electron capture from an arbitrary nlm shell of a hydrogenic target atom into an arbitrary n'l'm' of a fast hydrogenic projectile. The results are obtained in exact analytical closed form. Numerical results are presented for the case H/sup +/+H(1s)..-->..H(n'l'm')+H/sup +/ when n' = 2 and 3. Comparison is made with the corresponding Oppenheimer-Brinkman-Kramers Oppenheimer-Brinkman-Kramers (OBK) results.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Pulmonary Valve Replacement in Tetralogy of Fallot: Impact on Survival and Ventricular Tachycardia”

We would like to thank Dr Book and colleagues for their thoughtful appraisal of our recent article describing long-term outcomes in patients with tetralogy of Fallot after pulmonary valve replacement (PVR).1 In designing this study, our intent was to catalog the clinical outcomes of patients at our institution following this procedure, and to contextualize our observations by providing a comparison to a similar group of patients that had not undergone PVR. That at least a subset of the control cohort was imperfectly matched to the PVR patients was inherent in the study design, as an analysis of retrospective …
Risk Analysis of Tillage Alternatives with Government Programs

Stochastic dominance analysis of two tillage systems, conventional tillage and no-tillage, for five crop rotations, wheat-fallow, grain sorghum-fallow, continuous wheat, continuous grain sorghum, and wheat-grain sorghum-fallow, shows that riskaverse managers prefer a conventional tillage wheat-sorghum-fallow system. Small changes in production costs or yields lead to indifference between this system and the no-tillage wheat-sorghum-fallow and no-till and conventional wheat-fallow systems. Participation in the basic government commodity program generally increases average net returns and lowers variation of returns. Government commodity program payments calculated under a variety of scenarios do not generally encourage the use of no-till practices for grain sorghum and wheat in the central Great Plains.
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in women compared with men.

Abstract Objectives. This study compares in-hospital and long-term outcome after angioplasty in women and men. Background. The recognition that coronary artery disease is the most common cause of death in women has increased interest in outcome studies of coronary artery disease in women. Methods. Patients who had previous coronary revascularization and those who underwent angioplasty in the setting of acute myocardial infarction were excluded. Angioplasty was performed with standard methods. Clinical data were retrieved from a clinical data base and analyzed with standard statistical methods. p]Results. There were 2,845 women and 7,940 men. The women were older (62 ± 11 vs. 57 ± 10 years) and had more hypertension (54.5% vs. 40.1%), diabetes (19.3% vs. 11.7%), grade III to IV angina (71.5% vs. 58.4%) and congestive failure (4.3% vs. 2.1%) than men (all p Conclusions. Despite higher in-hospital mortality, long-term mortality and clinical outcome were similar in both genders when age and body habitus were accounted for.
Note on a problem of beam buckling

Formulation and solution of a problem of classical beam buckling, with interesting properties in regard to the difference between direction-fixed and tangential load.
Mycotic aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta: The role of transesophageal echocardiography

Mycotic aneurysms of the aorta are prone to rupture. Thus rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential so that surgical repair can be undertaken. We report a case of mycotic aortic aneurysm caused by mitral valve endocarditis. The aneurysm situated at the junction of the thoracoabdominal aorta was readily detected by transesophageal echocardiography. Computed tomography and aortography were complementary to transesophageal echocardiography in establishing the diagnosis. The patient underwent successful repair and acute inflammation of the aneurysm was present at histologic examination.
Vertical diffusion and nutrient transport in a tropical lake (Lake McIlwaine, Rhodesia)

Measurements of the vertical temperature in tropical Lake McIlwaine were used to calculate the time-averaged (≃ 6 months) vertical diffusivity coefficient (Kz) in the metalimnion and hypolimnion. The mean value of Kz (0.21 cm2 s−1) was correlated with the lake surface area. The mass transport rates of PO4-P and NH4-N, upward from the hypolimnion to the metalimnion, were calculated using Kz and measured values of the nutrient concentration gradients. During a period of 4.5 months when the water was stably stratified, PO4-P was transported upward at a mean rate of 42 kg day−1 and NH4-N at a mean rate of 162 kg day−1 over the entire lake.
Communicating about others: Motivations and consequences of race-based impressions

Abstract We examined how written communications about other people are affected by racial stereotypes and the race-relevant motivations communicators bring to the situation. Following exposure to a Black or White student's academic transcript, White communicators who were low (but not high) in the internal motivation to respond without prejudice (IMS) offered more favorable evaluations of Black than White students. Thus, those least concerned about expressing prejudice offered the most pro-Black communications, presumably because they use racial stereotypes and evaluated Blacks relative to lower standards. At the same time, they mis-remembered Black students as having lower GPAs than White students. Additionally, racial prejudice increased from pre- to post-test among those who communicated a positive impression of the Black student, compared to those who communicated a positive impression of a White student. Surface positivity of communications about Black students may paradoxically strengthen negative stereotypes and racial prejudice.