cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vacuum electronic device design using 3D EM-PIC

We present new capabilities introduced in the 3D Electromagnetic Particle-in-Cell code Neptune to directly support rapid simulation-based design of a broad range of vacuum electronic devices.
Therapeutic Implications of Protein Disulfide Isomerase Inhibition in Thrombotic Disease

The study of thrombus formation has increasingly applied in vivo tools such as genetically modified mice and intravital microscopy to the evaluation of molecular and cellular mechanisms of thrombosis. Among several unexpected findings of this approach was the discovery that protein disulfide isomerase serves an essential role in thrombus formation at sites of vascular injury. The observation that the commonly ingested quercetin flavonoid, quercetin-3-rutinoside, inhibits protein disulfide isomerase and blocks thrombus formation in preclinical studies has set the stage for clinical trials using protein disulfide isomerase antagonists as antithrombotics. Although the mechanisms by which protein disulfide isomerase facilitates platelet activation and fibrin formation have yet to be elucidated, protein disulfide isomerase antagonists are currently being developed as antithrombotics. This review will consider what is known about the role of protein disulfide isomerase in platelet accumulation and fibrin generation with a focus on pharmacological strategies for blocking protein disulfide isomerase activity in the context of thrombus formation. Potential indications and clinical trial design for testing the efficacy of protein disulfide isomerase inhibition to reduce the incidence of thrombosis will be considered.
IMORL: Incremental Multiple-Object Recognition and Localization

This paper proposes an incremental multiple-object recognition and localization (IMORL) method. The objective of IMORL is to adaptively learn multiple interesting objects in an image. Unlike the conventional multiple-object learning algorithms, the proposed method can automatically and adaptively learn from continuous video streams over the entire learning life. This kind of incremental learning capability enables the proposed approach to accumulate experience and use such knowledge to benefit future learning and the decision making process. Furthermore, IMORL can effectively handle variations in the number of instances in each data chunk over the learning life. Another important aspect analyzed in this paper is the concept drifting issue. In multiple-object learning scenarios, it is a common phenomenon that new interesting objects may be introduced during the learning life. To handle this situation, IMORL uses an adaptive learning principle to autonomously adjust to such new information. The proposed approach is independent of the base learning models, such as decision tree, neural networks, support vector machines, and others, which provide the flexibility of using this method as a general learning methodology in multiple-object learning scenarios. In this paper, we use a neural network with a multilayer perceptron (MLP) structure as the base learning model and test the performance of this method in various video stream data sets. Simulation results show the effectiveness of this method.
The Influence of Pubertal Timing on Alcohol Use and Heavy Drinking Trajectories

Early pubertal timing has been associated with increased alcohol use, drunkenness, and alcohol use disorders in both boys and girls during adolescence. It is not clear, however, whether the effect of early pubertal timing persists into late adolescence and young adulthood, whether its effect differs by gender, and if contextual factors (e.g., peer alcohol use) amplify such effect. This study attempts to address these questions by examining the trajectories of alcohol use and heavy drinking from early adolescence to young adulthood in males and females using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Results show that for both males and females, early pubertal timing was associated with higher alcohol use and heavy drinking trajectories. These effects persisted into young adulthood and were found to be stronger for males than for females. Moreover, there was a significant interaction effect between friends’ drinking and pubertal timing on alcohol use and heavy drinking trajectories; but the interaction effect also differed for males and females. These findings suggest that early pubertal timing is a risk factor for alcohol use and has long-term implication for individuals’ health.
Bubbles, busts, breaks, and segmentation

Given the recent turmoil in the housing market in the United States, several papers have examined whether price dynamics in municipalities displayed a structural change, which would suggest bubble and bust behavior. Some papers, however, either impose a particular break date or examine only a small subset of American cities. In this paper, I employ a more comprehensive set of tests for breaks in price parameters. I find significant breaks in some of the more prominent bubble cities in the mid-to-late 2000s, which indicates a boom-bust cycle. However, in many smaller MSAs, no such breaks occurred, signifying a high level of segmentation in the U.S. housing market.
Multiplicity and hadron distributions in QCD jets: Non-leading terms

Abstract The multiplicity of hadrons and the distribution of produced hadrons in QCD jets are discussed. The leading logarithmic terms are reviewed. A procedure for finding the structure of next-to-leading effects is developed. The next-to-leading terms are calculated and their phenomenological consequences are discussed.
Person‐Specific Approaches to the Modeling of Intraindividual Variation in Developmental Psychopathology

Investigators in all areas of developmental research including developmental psychopathology need to consider approaches that truly model intraindividual variation. Many methods that appear on the surface to account for such variability are actually modeling interindividual variability. For statistical approaches like growth curve modeling, even though individual parameters are generated they are based on a single common underlying model. True intraindividual methods model each subject separately and require time-series data for these approaches. Here, we will consider a broad range of methods and indicate how certain methods are interindividual, while others are truly intraindividual. We will present two real-data examples to illustrate an intraindividual approach. Keywords: dynamic; growth curve; idiographic, longitudinal; person specific; p-technique; state space
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION. V. A FIELD TEST OF THE SIB-COMPETITION LOTTERY HYPOTHESIS.

Sexually and asexually derived tillers of Anthoxanthum odoratum were planted directly in the field to test the hypothesis that competition among groups of sexual and asexual siblings favors the maintenance of sexual reproduction in populations. The results showed a substantial fitness advantage for sexual tillers. However, in contrast with the models, the advantage of sex did not increase with increasing numbers of colonists in the patch, there were multiple survivors among colonists, and an advantage was observed even for singly planted tillers. When a truncation-selection scheme was imposed ex post facto on the data, the relative performance of sexual tillers was similar to that predicted by the Bulmer (1980) model, suggesting that sib-competition models fail due to the violation of the assumption of truncation selection. The advantage of sex was not correlated with the presence of other species, total percentage cover, or species diversity, although sites where sex was favored were physically clustered.
Space, Nation, and the Triumph of Region: A View of the World from Houston

On a rainy spring evening in 1898 the Texas newspaper editor Rienzi Johnston found himself in Chicago’s Grand Pacific Hotel for the annual banquet of the Associated Press (ap). Johnston and eighty-seven fellow editors from across the country dined alongside two full-size printing presses built out of flowers and candy while seated at tables arranged to form the initials ap. Over little-neck clams and roast snipe they listened to a series of speeches on the defining issues of the day. A prominent lawyer defended the Associated Press and its powerful national news syndicate from charges of monopoly, while a string of boisterous toasts celebrated the recent outbreak of war between the United States and Spain. In a fit of patriotism, one southern editor rose from his chair to declare that three decades removed from a bloody civil war, “Our People: they know no North, no South, no East, no West.” Johnston was no stranger to national integration. This editor of a midsize regional paper served as Texas’s delegate to the Democratic National Committee, briefly filled a vacated seat in the U.S. Senate, and was a rising leader within the ap’s ranks. Johnston moved comfortably in a web of national associations and affiliations that extended well beyond his office in Houston and the carefully arranged tables of the Chicago banquet hall.1
The effects of leukotrienes receptor antagonist on serum ECP of asthmatic children

Objective: To observe the clinical effects of anti-inflammation of leukotrienes receptor antagonist in treatment of asthma. Methods: 60 asthmatic children were randomly divided into two groups, observed group and contrast group, with 30 cases each. Children in observed group were given leukotrienes receptor antagonist besides pulmicort aerosd. Children in contrast group were only given pulmicort aerosd. The levels of serum ECP were determined in acidophils of both groups before treatment and 4 weeks after treatment. Results: Before treatment the levels of serum ECP were high in both groups. There was no difference in two groups (P 0.05). 4 weeks after treatment, the levels of serum ECP decreased in both groups. But the level decreased significantly in observed group. There was significant difference between two groups (P 0.01). Conclusion: Leukotrienes receptor antagonist had anti-inflammatory effect in the treatment of asthma.
Equal Educational Opportunity and Constitutional Theory: Preliminary Thoughts on the Role of School Choice and the Autonomy Principle

Inadequate schools impede America's long-standing quest for greater equal educational opportunity. The equal educational opportunity doctrine, traditionally moored in terms of race, has expanded to include notions of educational adequacy. Educational adequacy is frequently construed in terms of educational spending and framed in terms largely incident to constitutional litigation. This paper explores the potential intersections of the school choice and school finance movements, particularly as they relate to litigation and policy. The paper argues that school choice policies constitute a viable remedy for successful school finance litigation and form a remedy that simultaneously advances individual autonomy, one critical constitutional principle.
Transient Hyperammonemias in Infants with and without Organic Acidemia

Transient hyperammonemia of the newborn was first described in 1978 in 5 preterm infants1. During that period this disorder appeared in our experience to be the most common form of symptomatic neonatal hyperammonemia. More recently, we have not studied a patient with this disorder in more than 2 years, while the number of patients referred to us for diagnosis of hyperammonemia has increased. Whether these observations reflect a real changing incidence of the disorder remains to be determined.
Typification of names of selected taxa described by Acharius and now placed in Caloplaca

Typification of names of lichen-forming fungi referring to taxa currently placed in the genus Caloplaca was undertaken by examination of material from the Acharius herbaria (BM-ACH, H-ACH, UPS-ACH). Lectotypes are selected for Lecanora inalpina, Lecanora teicholyta, Lecidea aurantiaca var. rubescens, Lecidea caesiorufa, Lecidea turneriana, Lichen erythrellus and Parmelia microthelia and the holotype identified for Lecidea viridirufa. Lecidea caesiorufa var.festiva and Lichen craspedius are illegitimate names and both are automatically typified by the type of Lichen arenarius.
Dynamic Lipid-dependent Modulation of Protein Topology by Post-translational Phosphorylation

Membrane protein topology and folding are governed by structural principles and topogenic signals that are recognized and decoded by the protein insertion and translocation machineries at the time of initial membrane insertion and folding. We previously demonstrated that the lipid environment is also a determinant of initial protein topology, which is dynamically responsive to post-assembly changes in membrane lipid composition. However, the effect on protein topology of post-assembly phosphorylation of amino acids localized within initially cytoplasmically oriented extramembrane domains has never been investigated. Here, we show in a controlled in vitro system that phosphorylation of a membrane protein can trigger a change in topological arrangement. The rate of change occurred on a scale of seconds, comparable with the rates observed upon changes in the protein lipid environment. The rate and extent of topological rearrangement were dependent on the charges of extramembrane domains and the lipid bilayer surface. Using model membranes mimicking the lipid compositions of eukaryotic organelles, we determined that anionic lipids, cholesterol, sphingomyelin, and membrane fluidity play critical roles in these processes. Our results demonstrate how post-translational modifications may influence membrane protein topology in a lipid-dependent manner, both along the organelle trafficking pathway and at their final destination. The results provide further evidence that membrane protein topology is dynamic, integrating for the first time the effect of changes in lipid composition and regulators of cellular processes. The discovery of a new topology regulatory mechanism opens additional avenues for understanding unexplored structure-function relationships and the development of optimized topology prediction tools.
Blending Individual Tenacity with Government’s Responsibility in the Implementation of US Non-motorized Transportation Planning (NMT)

AbstractHuman powered traveling is filled with risks. It takes individual tenacity to walk and bicycle in many US city streets. The danger of being injured or fatally killed requires responsible government action and a new repoliticization of the transportation priorities. This paper examines the risks involved in exercising the right to walk and bicycle and the authority’s responsibility to account for the health, safety and well-being of all individuals. I argue that the implementation of broadly agreed upon non-motorized transportation planning is critical to the success of public policies. The paper reviews concepts, prior policies and trends, remaining dilemmas and planning implications of US non-motorized transportation planning.
Girls Rule, Boys Drool: Extracting Semantic and Affective Stereotypes from Twitter

Social identities carry widely agreed upon meanings, called stereotypes, that have important effects on social processes. In the present work, we develop a method to extract the stereotypes of Twitter users. Our method is grounded in two distinct strands of theory, one that represents stereotypes as identities' affective meanings and the other that represents stereotypes as semantic relationships between identities. After validating our approach via a prediction task, we apply the model to a dataset of 45 thousand Twitter users who actively tweeted about the Michael Brown and Eric Garner tragedies. Our work provides unique insights into the stereotypes of these users, as well as providing a way of quantifying stereotypes that blends existing sociological and psychological theory in a novel, parsimonious way.
Indomethacin to inhibit AKR1C3 intracrine androgen production and sensitizes prostate cancer (PCa) to enzalutamide.

161Background: Enzalutamide (Enza) improves the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC). Acquired resistance is the most common cause of treatment failure. Our objective was to determine mechanisms of resistance to Enza and develop novel therapy to overcome resistance. Methods: Enza-resistant PCa cells were established through continuous culture of C4-2B cells with Enza. Global gene expression array and western blots were used to assess gene expression in cell lines and validated in clinical specimens using Oncomine and GEO databases. The therapeutic effects of indomethacin were determined in cell culture and in mice carrying CWR22Rv1 xenografts. A Phase I/II clinical trial with Enza plus indomethacin has been approved by IRB. Results: Steroid biosynthesis pathways, especially AKR1C3, were significantly elevated in Enza resistant cells and was associated with high production of androgens. AKR1C3 was also highly expressed in metastatic and recurrent CaP and in Enza-resistant xenograft tumo...
Immunization requirements of the top 200 universities: Implications for vaccine-hesitant families.

Abstract Background The majority of pediatricians encounter vaccine hesitancy in their practices. As part of a broad discussion about vaccination, school requirements arise as a topic yet providers may lack information about the effects of immunization on university matriculation. Methods We surveyed the top-ranked 200 universities regarding required immunizations, medical, religious, and philosophical exemptions, and noncompliance policies. We examined the legal requirements for involved jurisdictions. Results Of 129 responding universities (64%), 94% had ≥1 pre-matriculation immunization requirement (PIR), with a mean of 3.53 (95%CI 3.17–3.89) requirements. In unadjusted analyses, funding, region, jurisdictional requirements, undergraduate size, and tuition were significant predictors of the number of PIRs. In multivariate modeling, jurisdictional requirements outperformed all other university demographics, but excluding these, Northeast and South region and smaller undergraduate size persisted. The most common PIR was measles (93%). 67% of involved jurisdictions have laws mandating ≥1 university PIR, and 45% of universities surpassed their jurisdiction’s law. With respect to medical, religious, and philosophical exemptions, 24%, 40%, and 60% of universities with PIRs had the highest hardship category, and 2%, 2%, and 46% disallowed these outright. Frequent responses to student noncompliance were: hold on classes (89%), additional registration fees (13%), and hold on housing (11%). Conclusions Requirements for pre-matriculation immunizations in top universities are common and exemptions are difficult to obtain. Conversations between providers and vaccine-hesitant families may be enriched by discussion of these future effects of their decision on immunization.
Nitric Oxide Signaling in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

There has been considerable focus on the potential role of nitric oxide (NO) and phosphodiesterase (PDE)-5 inhibition in treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, the results from studies have been conflicting. In a preclinical study, pre-treatment of diabetic rats with a PDE-5 inhibitor, vardenafil, resulted in a significant decrease in left ventricle stiffness. However, the results from clinical trials have been neutral. In this perspective piece, the authors discuss whether or not it is time to move on from targeting NO and PDE5 for the treatment of HFpEF.
An Unstable Singularity Underlies Stochastic Phasing of the Circadian Clock in Individual Cyanobacterial Cells.

Summary The endogenous circadian clock synchronizes with environmental time by appropriately resetting its phase in response to external cues. Of note, some resetting stimuli induce attenuated oscillations of clock output, which has been observed at the population-level in several organisms and in studies of individual humans. To investigate what is happening in individual cellular clocks, we studied the unicellular cyanobacterium S. elongatus . By measuring its phase-resetting responses to temperature changes, we found that population-level arrhythmicity occurs when certain perturbations cause stochastic phases of oscillations in individual cells. Combining modeling with experiments, we related stochastic phasing to the dynamical structure of the cyanobacterial clock as an oscillator and explored the physiological relevance of the oscillator structure for accurately timed rhythmicity in changing environmental conditions. Our findings and approach can be applied to other biological oscillators.
More Efficient Estimation for Logistic Regression with Optimal Subsample

In this paper, we propose improved estimation method for logistic regression based on subsamples taken according the optimal subsampling probabilities developed in Wang et al. 2018 Both asymptotic results and numerical results show that the new estimator has a higher estimation efficiency. We also develop a new algorithm based on Poisson subsampling, which does not require to approximate the optimal subsampling probabilities all at once. This is computationally advantageous when available random-access memory is not enough to hold the full data. Interestingly, asymptotic distributions also show that Poisson subsampling produces a more efficient estimator if the sampling rate, the ratio of the subsample size to the full data sample size, does not converge to zero. We also obtain the unconditional asymptotic distribution for the estimator based on Poisson subsampling. The proposed approach requires to use a pilot estimator to correct biases of un-weighted estimators. We further show that even if the pilot estimator is inconsistent, the resulting estimators are still consistent and asymptotically normal if the model is correctly specified.
Digital Library Systems in Intelligent Infrastructure for Human-Centered Communities: A Qualitative Research

This poster presents a socio-technical qualitative research on the strategic development of Intelligent Infrastructure for Human Centered Communities at Virginia Tech. Within such development, this study explored the future vision and projective scenarios of data infrastructure and digital libraries for smart community development. The results augment design thinking and visioning practice for digital library systems beyond traditional boundaries.
Virus-Induced Gene Silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana and Other Plant Species

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an efficient tool for high throughput reverse genetic screens. VIGS engages the endogenous RNA-silencing machinery of the plant host, and can yield an 85-95% reduction of target transcripts. Gene silencing is rapid, target-specific, and does not require the creation of stable transformants. The technique has been used successfully in numerous Solanaceae species as well as in Arabidopsis, maize, and rice. Here we describe a protocol for conducting a VIGS screen in Nicotiana benthamiana using Tobacco Rattle Virus (TRV) based silencing vectors. This protocol can readily be adapted to many other model plant species.
Parallel Distributive Join Algorithm on the Intel Paragon

In this paper, we analyze the performance of the parallel Distributive Join algorithm that we proposed in Chung and Yang 1995. We implemented the algorithm on an Intel Paragon machine and analyzed the effect of the number of processors and the join selectivity on the performance of the algorithm. We also compared the performance of the Distributive Join (DJ) algorithm with that of the Hybrid-Hash(HH) join algorithm. Our results show that the DJ performs comparably with the HH over the entire range of number of processors used and different join selectivities. A big advantage of the parallel DJ algorithm over the HH join algorithm is that it can easily support non-equijoin operations. The results can also be used to estimate the performance of file I/O intensive applications to be implemented on the Intel Paragon machine.
Coal and Nuclear Power Generation

Historically the first electric power plants delivering large quantities of electric energy were hydro-electric. In 1895, Westinghouse built the first AC electric power generator in Niagara Falls by passing water flow from the Falls through a turbine that induced electric currents in copper windings. General Electric built high-power grid lines that took the 1.1 MWe of electricity to Buffalo, New York, where it lighted the city’s streetlights and powered streetcars. The technical brains behind this were Nikola Tesla who worked with Westinghouse and Elihu Thomson who was a founder of General Electric. Tesla invented today’s ubiquitous AC electric motor and had an uncanny intuition about how to generate and use electricity. He was a Serb born in Croatia and had studied electro-magnetism at universities in Austria, Tsjechoslovakia and Hungary before coming to America in 1884 (Section 3.3 and Brief 7).
Exceptionalism Redux: How Different Is Health Care Informatics?

[T]he tremendous growth of computerized health data, the development of huge data banks and the advancements in record linkage, pose an enormous threat to the privacy of medical information. The public is generally unaware of this threat or of the serious consequences of a loss of confidentiality in the health care system. Adequate measures to control medical privacy, in light of the electronic information processing, can and must be established….
Reduction of shock transmission by equipment damping

Results are presented of an analog study of the effect of viscous damping on the response of an idealized two degree of freedom series system subjected to a uniform velocity shock. Response characteristics are presented in curves which indicate how shock transmissability varies with the amount of damping present, the ratios of the uncoupled frequencies of the system and the mass ratio of the two bodies responding to the input.
Development of an Autonomous Ground Robot for Field High Throughput Phenotyping

Abstract High throughput phenotyping holds promise of accelerating crop breeding programs and has gained great attention in the past several years. Although many platforms for data collection, including ground and aerial vehicles, have been developed to adapt to different crops and field setups, fully autonomous ground robots have not been readily available and widely used so far. In this study, we developed a ground robot that is capable of autonomously navigating in the field. We designed a sensor mounting frame that can be modified to mount different sensors for different data collection tasks. The robot was tested in a cotton breeding field and color images of the plants were collected. We developed an algorithm to count the cotton bolls using the color images. The preliminary results demonstrated that the system was capable of collecting data autonomously without human intervention and the collected data were useful to extract phenotypic traits.
Shared core meanings and shared associations in bilingual semantic memory: Evidence from research on implicit memory:

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions:The degree of overlap across languages in bilingual semantic memory has been debated in the cognitive bilingual literature for decades. This paper foc...
When Leadership Fails--A View from the Lens of Four Employees.

Leadership is a concept that has been used for decades and despite what we know about it there are many things left to the unknown. We must keep moving forward to search for answers as we seek to explain the many failures that exist today. For centuries, reports of lackluster and even abusive leadership in organizations have continued to be a negative force in organizations, adversely impacting culture and overall performance. Amid the challenges facing leaders as well as the necessity for rapid and continuous change in the organization, we see the development of many problems and consequent ails that need to be addressed. We are often left with supervisors that abuse without regard for the breakdown of loyalty, job satisfaction and the development of a solid and rich culture that can support thriving and positive organizational outcomes. This has been captured in the voices and experiences of individuals interviewed for this qualitative case study analysis, demonstrating the continued impact of leadership in modern day organizations and well as addressing the perplexing question of how to distinguish who would or would not be a best fit for leadership positions in today’s organizations. Despite years of research, theory and analysis, perhaps the greatest insight is gained through the lens of the employee.
A Student-Choice Model to Address Diverse Needs and Promote Active Learning

A student-choice model course redesign was used to counteract a large increase in student enrollment, improve the quality of instruction, and preserve student success. This model is an instructional technique that allows students to choose how to engage in a course. Using this model in a first-semester college-level general chemistry course, online options were created to augment the traditional face-to-face course. The traditional lecture time was reduced from 3 to 2 h per week while the traditional recitation time was increased from 1 to 2 h per week. The recitation component was also transitioned from a supplemental lecture session into a problem-solving active-learning component. A mandatory rotation between face-to-face and online options at the start of the semester was necessary to assist students in making an informed choice about what options best fit their needs. Pre- and post-redesign student performance data (2008–2016) and post-redesign student enrollment data (2012–2016) were evaluated. Course performance was maintained and often improved in post-redesign years, and was generally equivalent in the different course combinations.
Undiagnosed Cardiac Sarcoidosis Has a Significant First Presentation as Sudden Cardiac Death: An Autopsy Review

Purpose Clinical findings of cardiac sarcoidosis are evident in only about 5% of patients with sarcoidosis however approximately 20% of autopsies demonstrate myocardial involvement. The epidemiology and prognosis of cardiac sarcoidosis remains poorly understood. Methods Tissue archives of Mayo Clinic were queried for autopsy cases diagnosed with sarcoidosis between 1994-2017. Tissue slides were re-reviewed by a cardiovascular pathologist (JJM) to confirm the histologic diagnosis. Granulomatous infiltrate was described in terms of character and distribution within the heart. Results Thirty-six cases of sarcoidosis were identified in the autopsy archives; 12 of these decedents (5 women) were found to have cardiac sarcoidosis. Left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular hypertrophy or dilation was assessed (expected and actual weight of heart shown in Fig). Two-thirds of the patients experienced electrophysiology disturbances prior to death (Fig). Four patients were diagnosed with heart failure (HF) with a median LV ejection fraction of 45% (range: 20% - 60%). Three patients were diagnosed with non-ischemic HF (2 presumed from alcohol use and 1 idiopathic) and 1 patient was diagnosed with ischemic HF due to concurrent coronary artery disease . Conclusion Prior autopsy data demonstrate that while death from sarcoidosis is rare, cardiac involvement is the most common cause of sarcoidosis fatalities. Our data support prior studies over the last decade, demonstrating a low rate of pre-mortem diagnosis and that sudden cardiac death is common These data highlight a need to identify better screening tools for cardiac sarcoidosis.
Multiscale Study of Currents Affected by Topography

Abstract : This work seeks to understand the effects of topography on the ocean general and regional circulation with a focus on the wide range of scales of interactions. The small-scale details of the topography and the waves, eddies, drag, and turbulence it generates (at spatial scales ranging from meters to mesoscale) interact in the boundary layers to influence the ambient larger-scale flow. We have studied these issues through ocean model simulations, adjoint sensitivity experiments, and state estimation using ocean observations in the region surrounding an island in the westward-flowing limb of the subtropical gyre.
Matrices and Hamming Codes

This chapter introduces two Hamming codes, the first modern examples of error correcting codes. A Hamming code provides a way of transforming pieces (words) of a message so that at a later point, a reader of the message will be able to not just detect an error in a word, but correct the error. In order to understand Hamming codes, the chapter begins by introducing some elementary ideas of matrices and linear algebra: row vectors, column vectors and matrices, operations of addition and scalar multiplication, and matrix multiplication. Chapter 3 introduced vectors in the Extended Euclidean Algorithm to find the coefficients in Bezout’s identity and to find integer solutions of integer linear equations in two variables. The idea there was to work with vectors of coefficients of equations that describe successive remainders in Euclid’s Algorithm for two given numbers a and b as integer linear combinations of the two numbers. Matrices play a similar role in isolating and working efficiently with the coefficients of a system of linear equations in order to find solutions of the system. So they will show up again in Chaps. 15, 17 and 19. The chapter ends with a brief description of Hill cryptography, an historically significant generalization to matrices of the multiplicative Caesar cipher introduced in Chap. 2.
Regulering van reacties op zelfverwonding: leidraad voor therapeuten en andere hulpverleners

Favazza (1998, pag. 265) schrijft dat de literatuur over de behandeling van zelfverwonding ‘hoofdzakelijk over tegenoverdracht gaat’. Hoewel ik hoop dat deze opmerking enigszins overdreven is, lijdt het weinig twijfel dat zelfverwonding extreme reacties bij hulpverleners kan oproepen. Veel auteurs schrijven over de negatieve reacties van behandelaars op clienten die zichzelf verwonden, zoals Linehan (1993a); Alderman (1997); Conterio en Lader (1998); Hyman (1999); Faber (2000) en Shaw (2002).
Bullying: an unexamined cause of assault-related emergency department visits for urban adolescents

This study aims to understand the prevalence of bullying in as well as the attributes and characteristics of injuries resulting from bullying treated in the emergency department (ED). Data come from 188 adolescents (ages 10–15) who were treated for a peer-related assault-injury in two United States urban EDs. Descriptive statistics were used to understand differences between bullied and non-bullied adolescents. A receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate a possible risk index. Forty percent of adolescents identified that the incident was a result of bullying. Bullied youth reported significantly more previous bullying victimization and post-traumatic stress symptoms, but less aggression and rule breaking. A group fight, the fight involving a discordant gender, perceiving oneself as a victim, feeling that the person(s) meant to hurt them, and reporting that the fight was not resolved were significantly associated with an injury as the result of bullying. Situational characteristics such as the fight occurring in school and not arriving to the ED in an ambulance also were associated with an increased likelihood of a bullying situation. Having greater than three of these risk factors correctly identified 88% of youth who attributed the situation to bullying. Taking into account the characteristics of the assault and asking about the adolescent’s attributions of the incident can help identify patients and facilitate tailoring of appropriate intervention by social workers and other ED providers. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01770873.
The Evolution of Mapping the Beat: A History and Geography through Music Curriculum

In 2002, the University of California, San Diego ArtsBridge America program initiated a project that was designed to address the lack of standards-based geography content and culture-based arts instruction within San Diego elementary schools.
Evaluation of automated synovial fluid total cell count and percent polymorphonuclear leukocytes on a Sysmex XN-1000 analyzer for identifying patients at risk of septic arthritis.

Abstract Background Total cell counts (TC-BF) and percent polymorphonuclear cells (%PMN) of synovial fluid (SF) aspirates provide important cues for the timely diagnosis and management of septic arthritis. To facilitate faster turnaround time, we compared automated to manual TC-BF and differential counts in order to identify reporting cut-offs for automated TC-BF and %PMN that would allow release of automated results concordant with manual counts and differentials. Methods Automated TC-BF and %PMN counts of a non-validated analyzer (Analyzer-B in STAT laboratory) were compared to a validated analyzer (Analyzer-A) and manual TC-BF counts and cytospin differentials. Concordance and %differences of Analyzer-B versus Analyzer-A and manual counts were assessed by linear regression analysis and Bland-Altman comparison. Results Overall, automated and manual counts displayed good correlation. A majority of samples demonstrated unacceptable (>20%) differences between automated and manual counts at lower TC-BF ( Conclusions Based on good overall correlation and fewer samples with unacceptable (>20%) differences between automated and manual counts, we adopted TC-BF > 10,000 cells/μl and %PMN > 60% as cutoffs for reporting automated counts. These cutoffs minimize differences between automated and manual cell counts and differentials and would allow rapid automated reporting in the vast majority of septic arthritis cases.
Warm Reactive Autoantibodies

Warm reactive autoantibodies are encountered relatively frequently in tertiary care hospitals. We studied 100 consecutive patients with warm autoantibodies to correlate their clinical and serologic features. Study patients (56 male, 44 female) had various diagnoses and a mean age of 53.5 years (range, 3–90 years). Autoimmune hemolysis was documented in 29 patients; 20 patients (69%) in this subset had diseases classically associated with warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (hematologic and autoimmune disorders). All study patients demonstrated IgG on their RBCs (direct antiglobulin test [DAT] reactivity range, microscopic to 4+); 49 also demonstrated C3 (reactivity range, microscopic to 3+). The DAT for IgG was 2+ or more in 25 (86%) of 29 patients with hemolysis; the DAT for IgG was 1+ or less in 45 (63%) of 71 patients without hemolysis. In patients with hemolysis, 21 (72%) of 29 had a DAT reactive for C3. These findings may be useful in determining the clinical significance of warm autoantibodies and the extent to which patients should be followed up for hemolysis.
Comparative Activity and Off-Target Effects in Cells of the CHK1 Inhibitors MK-8776, SRA737, and LY2606368.

DNA damage activates the checkpoint protein CHK1 to arrest cell cycle progression, providing time for repair and recovery. Consequently, inhibitors of CHK1 (CHK1i) enhance damage-induced cell death...
Age moderation of the association between negative subsequent memory effects and episodic memory performance

Abstract Negative subsequent memory effects in functional MRI studies of memory formation have been linked to individual differences in memory performance, yet the effect of age on this association is currently unclear. To provide insight into the brain systems related to memory across the lifespan, we examined functional neuroimaging data acquired during episodic memory formation and behavioral performance from a memory recognition task in a sample of 109 participants, including three developmental age groups (8–12, 13–17, 18–25 year-olds) and one additional group of older adults (55–85 year-olds). Young adults showed the highest memory performance and strongest negative subsequent memory effects, while older adults showed reduced negative subsequent memory effects relative to young adults. Across the sample, negative subsequent memory effects were associated with better memory performance, and there was a significant interaction between negative subsequent memory effects and memory performance by age group. Posthoc analyses revealed that this moderation effect was driven by a stronger association between negative subsequent memory effects and memory performance in young adults than children, and that neither children nor older adults showed a significant association. These findings suggest that negative subsequent memory effects may differentially support memory performance across a lifespan trajectory characterized by developmental maturation and support further investigation of this effect in aging.
Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis

Innovations in peritoneal dialysis (PD) evolve around improving patient outcomes, peritoneal membrane function, preserving residual kidney function, improving cardiovascular outcomes, and expanding the availability of PD to remote geographical locations. The search for the ideal osmotic agent and biocompatible solution has resulted in the development of several solutions and regimens that minimize the use of standard glucose-based solutions. This chapter aims to cover recent developments in peritoneal dialysis solutions, bimodal dialysis therapy, remote patient monitoring for PD patients, and current data on assisted PD programs.
Entropy Generation in Ultracold Neutral Plasmas

Ultracold neutral plasmas 1 (UNPs) are strongly coupled, non- equilibrium systems created by photoionizing laser cooled atoms in a vacuum. As a result, experimental platforms are developed to elucidate the properties of UNPs such as their spatial expansion and temperature relaxation 2 . Data from these experiments are used to validate theories and computational models that aim to model UNPs. One such computational model derived from a multi-species BGK kinetic theory 3 .
Mobile devices and the library : handheld tech, handheld reference

1. Introduction: The Mobile Revolution and The Handheld Librarian Joe Murphy 2. Launching a Text a Librarian Service: Cornell's Preliminary Experiences Virginia Cole and Baseema B. Krkoska 3. Text Message Reference Service: Five Years Later Beth Stahr 4. Will They Come? Get Out the Word about Going Mobile Maura Keating 5. Mobilizing the Library's Web Presence and Services: A Student-Library Collaboration to Create the Library's Mobile Site and iPhone Application Matthew Connolly, Tony Cosgrave, and Baseema B. Krkoska 6. Collaborative Marketing for Virtual Reference: The My Info Quest Experience Beth Fuseler Avery, Karen J. Docherty, and Mary-Carol Lindbloom 7. From Internet to iPhone: Providing Mobile Geographic Access to Philadelphia's Historic Photographs and other Special Collections Deborah Boyer 8. Mobile Use in Medicine: Taking a Cue from Specialized Resources and Devices Bohyun Kim and Marissa Ball 9. Tag, You're It! Using QR Codes to Promote Library Services Beatrice Pulliam and Chris Landry 10. Are You Ready for E-readers? Anne Behler and Binky Lush 11. Left to Their Own Devices: The Future of Reference Services on Personal, Portable Information, Communication, and Entertainment Devices Thomas A. Peters 12. Mobile Technology and Medical Libraries: Worlds Collide Peg Burnette 13. Methods for Applied Mobile Digital Library Research: A Framework for Extensible Wayfinding Systems Jim Hahn, Michael Twidale, Alejandro Gutierrez, and Reza Farivar 14. One Block at a Time: Building a Mobile Site Step by Step Chad Haefele 15. Developing Library Websites Optimized for Mobile Devices Brendan Ryan 16. Smartphones, Smart Objects, and Augmented Reality Harry E. Pence 17. Making Twitter Work: A Guide for the Uninitiated, the Skeptical, and the Pragmatic Valerie Forrestal 18. SMS Reference Sian Brannon 19. Mobile Technologies from a Telecom Perspective Linda L. Woods 20. Is Mobile Marketing Right for Your Organization? Nancy Dowd 21. Handheld E-Book Readers and Scholarship: Report and Reader Survey Nina Gielen 22. The E-Book Lifestyle: An Academic Library Perspective Julie Shen 23. EBSCOhost Mobile Ron Burns and Sara Rofofsky Marcus
INTERCHROMOSOMAL CONTROL OF KARYOTYPE FITNESS IN THE TUMOROUS-HEAD STRAIN OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER.

CHROMOSOMAL dimorphism exists among adult flies in the tumorous-head (tu-h) strain of Drosophila melanogaster ( WOOLF and PHELPS 1960). TWO types of third chromosome are present, symbolized 3A and 3B. Chromosome 3A contains the semidominant gene tu-3 in the right arm which produces abnormal growths in the head region. Chromosome 3B contains tu-3, but in addition, the Payne inversion (Zn(3L)P) and the recessive gene for scarlet eyes ( s t ) in the left arm. Penetrance of the tu-3 gene is increased by a maternal effect which is controlled by a sex-linked recessive gene (tu-y) . Even though chromosome 3B is homozygous lethal, over 80 percent of the flies in laboratory bottles and population cages are heterozygous for this chromosome. Heterokaryotypes (3A/3B) of both sexes are more viable than homokaryotypes (3AJ3A), and female heterokaryotypes produce more off spring than female homokaryotypes. No such difference in productivity exists for males (WOOLF and CHURCH 1963). Investigations are now in progress to determine whether differential female productivity is a matter of fecundity, fertility, or both. LI (1963) has presented the equilibrium formulae for this situation when selection favors the heterozygote but acts differentially in the two sexes. WOOLF and CHURCH (1963) pointed out the difficulty of maintaining a tu-h strain free of chromosome 3B. Although such strains can be synthesized, few flies are produced each generation and usually the strains must be discarded after one or more generations because of uncontrollable mold or bacteria. This is mainly attributable to the small number of offspring produced by female homokaryotypes. However, by outcrossing to laboratory stocks and introducing new genetic variability, successful strains can be obtained that are homozygous for tu-2 and tu-3, but lack chromosome 3B. Several possibilities were proposed to account for this observation: ( 1 ) Productivity in the tu-h strain is influenced by heterozygosity per se. Outcrossing and recombination provides the level of heterozygosity normally maintained by the Payne inversion. (2) Reduced productivity of female homokaryotypes is due to homozygosity for a gene arrangement in the left arm of chromosome 3A. Outcrossing and crossing over replaces this segment. (3) Gene arrangements exist on chromosomes other than 3A and 3B which influence productivity. Outcrossing and recombination replaces these chromosomes.
The Question of Academic Freedom: Universal Right or Relative Term

In this essay, we interrogate the role of academic freedom in the 21st century by describing its historical genesis in the modern university, its association with the concept of tenure, and how it is reinterpreted by different cultural and social contexts. Afterwards, we examine traditional infringements by national governments upon academic freedom, as well as new infringements brought on by the forces of globalization and commercialization. Since academic freedom not only protects scholarly inquiry, but the health and safety of academics across the world, we argue that academic freedom is a “transcendent value” that should be respected by political and institutional forces and carefully defended by engaged scholars.
Radiofrequency Energy, Biological Effects of

This chapter reviews the interaction of radiofrequency (RF) energy with tissue, including mechanisms of interaction, principles of exposure assessment, and known or reported biological effects. Major therapeutic effects and potential hazards of RF energy are described, together with the basis for major exposure limits. Major areas of controversy about biological effects of radiofrequency energy are reviewed. A supplemental reading guide includes links to expert panel reports on health effects of RF energy. Keywords: radiofrequency energy; microwave energy; biological effects; exposure limits