cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Model of a Storied, Lacustrine-Adfluvial Cutthroat Trout Population of Yellowstone Lake: Development, Parameter Estimation, and Population Prediction

Comprehensive time-series data for Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkia bouvieri; YCT) based on samples taken between 1977 and 2007 from the spawning run (spring; n = 29 yrs) of a tributary (Clear Creek) of Yellowstone Lake or caught in gill nets set (fall; n = 30 years) at established locations in the lake were examined to identify (1) associations between population characteristics within and between capture methods, as well as temporal trends in those characteristics, (2) evidence of informative shifts in population characteristics, and (3) factors that may have importantly affected the dynamics of the lacustrine-adfluvial YCT population of the tributary. Temporal increases in mean TL of YCT in the spawning run and of prespawners, i.e., YCT whose gonads indicated the fish would have spawned the next year, in the gillnet catch and concurrent declines in run size and prespawner catch were suggestive of an effect of YCT population density on the somatic growth of the fish. Similarly, a concurrent increase in mean TL of gillnetted YCT 100-199 mm long was indicated by the polynomial regression results, which also suggested statistical change points in the temporal trends for each of those variables. Contrasting those trends was that for mean TL of gillnetted YCT 200-299 mm long, whose general decline during the past two decades was attributed to predation by nonnative lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). Collectively, these trends provided evidence of a YCT population shift. Correlation results indicated YCT in the spawning run could not be unequivocally assigned to any particular lake region. Multiple regression analyses showed that Clear Creek run size was strongly affected by parental run size 5 yrs earlier and a measure of climate 5 yrs earlier.
The Impact of Education and Family Attributes on Attitudes and Responses to Unemployment among Men and Women

The study deals with differences between jobless Israeli women (n = 361) and men (n = 253) in relation to the following aspects of unemployment: Reasons for rejecting potential jobs, job search intensity, and responses to unemployment. The women mentioned more reasons for rejecting potential jobs, and their health-related responses to unemployment were more extreme than those of the men. However, the men tended to seek employment more intensively than did the women. Married respondents of both sexes showed the greatest tendency to reject potential employment due to conflict with family responsibilities. Married women were also more likely than their male counterparts to reject potential jobs due to adverse working conditions or masculine-typed employment. Moreover, for both men and women the number of dependent children was related to the tendency to reject potential employment due to conflict with family responsibilities. The divorced-widowed respondents expressed more negative responses to unemployment compared with respondents the other family status groups. Education level affected responses to unemployment and rejection of jobs, although it did not have a differential impact on men and women
An interactive graphics editor with integrated data dictionary for IDEF/sub 0/ structured analysis diagrams

SAtool, a graphics IDEF/sub 0/ editor for a SUN workstation, is described. An extension of the original IDEF/sub 0/ definition is a data dictionary. Entries are defined for both activities and data items and mapped into a relational database management system (DMBS). A data manager checks data out of the centralized DMBS in a format usable by the graphics editor and updates the appropriate relations when the data are checked back in. The data manager was developed in a generic format to support other software development tools. The editor and data manager were used in the development of a distributed mail system. User acceptance of the tool was measured through the use of a user survey. Results of this survey, as well as a description of the editor and the data manager, are presented. >
Planned upgrade to the coaxial plasma source facility for high heat flux plasma flows relevant to tokamak disruption simulations

Plasma disruptions in tokamaks remain serious obstacles to the demonstration of economical fusion power. Although the symptoms of major disruptions are often recognizable, the disruptions themselves remain generally unpreventable. Therefore, it is necessary to design next generation tokamaks to withstand many of these disruption events and the associated high heat loads to the material surface. A suitable environment is needed to study the effects of major disruptions on candidate tokamak plasma facing component materials (PFCs). High heat flux disruption simulation experiments create such an environment. Many materials studies have been performed under high heat flux conditions approaching those expected during a disruption, but with little conclusive evidence to base strong support for the choice of one PFC material. In these disruption simulation experiments, some important effects have not been taken into account. Present disruption simulation experimental deter do not include effects of the high magnetic fields expected near the PFCs in a tokamak major disruption. In addition, temporal and spatial scales are much too short in present simulation devices to be of direct relevance to tokamak disruptions. A further complication is that among the present simulators there are a variety of energy sources employed, including electron beams, lasers, and radiation sources in addition to plasma sources. Their applicability to tokamak plasma conditions is in question. To address some of these inadequacies, an experimental program is planned at North Carolina State University employing an upgrade to the Coaxial Plasma Source (CPS-1) magnetized coaxial plasma gun facility. The advantages of the CPS-1 plasma source over present disruption simulation devices include the ability to irradiate large material samples (to /spl sim/100 cm/sup 2/) at extremely high areal energy densities (1-20 MJ/m/sup 2/), and the ability to perform these material studies in the presence of a high magnetic field (up to 10T arbitrary oblique orientation). Other tokamak disruption relevant features of CPS-1U include a high ion temperature (T/sub /spl ges//100 eV), high electron temperature (T/sub e//spl ap/20-50 eV), and long pulse length (0.5-1.0 ms).
They bee Full Donatists

This study shows how the rise of the English separatist movement in the latesixteenth century was characterized by a polemical struggle over the applicability of the epithet of ‘Donatism.’ A pejorative slur, the Donatist label was often utilized during the early-modern period against dissident movements which refused to recognize the legitimacy of the established church. It was a perfect polemical weapon, serving to connect such rogue congregations with all the dangerous implications, both theological and political, of the ancient schism. But what was ‘Donatism’ in the context of Elizabethan England? What were its characteristics and subversive doctrines? In this article, I will examine the portrait of the ancient sect as painted by both the opponents of separatism and the early separatist leaders themselves in order to assess what aspects of the Donatist label resonated with the polemical presuppositions of each side.
Two-dimensional speckle strain and dyssynchrony in single left ventricles vs. normal left ventricles.

Background. Patients with single left ventricle (LV) physiology maybe at increased risk for myocardial dysfunction and mechanical dyssynchrony. Newer echocardiographic modalities may be able to better quantitate LV function in this unique population. Our objective was to use 2D-speckle analysis of strain and strain rate to quantify systolic function and dyssynchrony in single LV post-Fontan patients and compare them to control LV patients. Methods. Patients with single LV status post-Fontan procedure and patients with normal biventricular anatomy were studied. Two-dimensional speckle echocardiography was used to measure strain, strain rate, time to peak, and longitudinal displacement in a six-segment model of the LV. Independent t-tests were used to compare group means. Results. Twelve patients with single LV physiology and thirteen control patients were studied. There was no significant difference in ages for the single LV patients vs. control patients (7.1 + 2.8 years vs. 5.7 + 1.8 years). Single LV strain values were significantly lower in four of the six segments compared with control LV (mid interventricular septal [IVS]: −19.3 + 6.4% vs. −23.8 + 3.5%, apical IVS: −20.8 + 5.4% vs. −27.4 + 4.7%, basal LV: −20.6 + 6.6% vs. −25.8 + 3.4%, and apical LV: −21.0 + 6.2% vs. −26.1 + 4.3%). Longitudinal displacement was lower for all three segments of the IVS for the single LV vs. control LV. Modified Yu index for strain and strain rate time to peak was longer in the single LV patients vs. controls (51.2 + 18.2 ms vs. 27.9 + 8.0 ms and 90.2 + 24.2 ms vs. 52.5 + 23.7 ms, respectively). Conclusion. Significant differences in strain analysis between single LV patients vs. control patients with normal biventricular physiology exist at a relatively young age. Future studies are needed to determine the significance of these differences.
Automated dynamic redistribution of virtual operating systems under the Xen virtual machine monitor

Operating system virtualization has recently become a popular technique to achieve better resource utilization in so-calle "server farm" environments. This technique provides a virtual hardware interface on top of which one can run multiple instances of popular operating systems. The Xen Virtual Machine Monitor is an implementation of operating system virtualization that supports live migration, the transfer of a virtual operating system from one physical machine to another with minimal down time. We have utilized this capability to implement a monitoring and dynamic reconfiguration daemon that attempts to equalize the load on all host nodes in a group of machines running Xen. We have also implemented a simulator for testing balancing algorithms. Experiments using these tools have provided insight into the redistribution of virtualized operating systems and how this differs from the more thoroughly-studied problem of process-level load balancing.
Eliminating replica selection - using multiple replicas to accelerate data transfer on grids

Data-intensive, high-performance computing applications often require the efficient transfer of terabytes or even petabytes of data in wide-area, distributed computing environments. To increase the efficiency of wide area data movement, researchers have devised various techniques such as TCP tuning, multiple streams and asynchronous I/O. This paper adopts an approach to increase performance further by exploiting replica-level parallelism in grids. rFTP, a grid data transferring tool, improves the data transfer rate and reliability on grids by utilizing multiple replica sources concurrently. Experiments on the NPACI grid show as much as a 2.02/spl times/ speedup over a single data source by adaptively retrieving partial data segments from 4 replicas using the data provided by NWS.
Cognitive correlates of map-reading ability

Abstract The performance of ROTC students on the Relief Format Assessment Test (RFAT) was regressed on psychometric variables and a measure of hemisphericity. Contrary to expectation, it was found that measures of visual-spatial ability and hemisphericity were not good predictors of map-reading ability, whereas the Extended Range Vocabulary and Mathematical Aptitude Tests were significant predictors. Factor analysis of the RFAT indicated the existence of two factors, one tentatively associated with terrain analysis and the other with altitude estimation. Mathematical Aptitude along with Form Board predicted performance on the altitude estimation factor, whereas Extended Range Vocabulary along with Similarities and Institution predicted performance on the terrain analysis factor. These results suggest that at least for our subjects, the solution of map-reading problems is primarily dependent upon verbal-analytic and to a lesser extent upon visual-spatial ability.
Radiative collisional fluorescence observed from thermally excited atoms.

Fluorescence from colliding excited-state Ba and Tl atoms has been observed from a hot-metal-vapor cell. This emission, termed radiative collisional fluorescence, was at a wavelength corresponding to the sum of the energies of the thermally excited electronic states of the colliding species and had an intensity approaching that of blackbody radiation at the 1700°C cell temperature.
Reflections off aircraft and the shape optimization of a ridged waveguide

The analysis of TE and TM waves traveling down a guide is a well-known art. However, it is the inverse problem that is more relevant in industrial design. That is, for a given cut-off frequency or attenuation limit, to synthesize the guide. The methodology for solving this inverse problem is laid down and demonstrated using a ridged guide as example. The procedure relies on defining an object function and minimizing it using its gradients with respect to the parameters of design interest. >
Über Den Mechanismus Der Brenzcatechin-Oxydase (Pyrocatechase)-Reaktion

o-Benzochinon, das noch in groser Verdunnung die Brenzcatechin-Oxydase (wahrscheinlich durch Abfangen erforderlicher Sulfhydrylgruppen) hemmt, wird von dem Enzym nur insoweit angegriffen und zu cis,cis-Muconsaure aufgespalten, als seine Disproportionierung in wasriger Losung zu Brenzcatechin (und Huminsaure) voranschreitet. Als Zwischenprodukt konnte o-Benzochinon im Enzymsystem nicht nachgewiesen werden. Freies oder enzymatisch (aus Glucose + Glucose-Oxydase) gebildetes Wasserstoffperoxyd hatte keinen Einflus auf das Enzym. — Bei der Oxydation von o-Benzochinon in vitro mit wasserfreiem H2O2 in Chloroform werden erhalten: 5–15% krist. cis,cis-Muconsaure (wahrscheinlich uber ein nicht isolierbares labiles Hydroperoxyd), 15% eines krist., in Losung instabilen Hydroperoxyds (C6H6O4)2 dessen Umlagerung keine Muconsaure liefert, und 20–25% einer krist. Tetracarbonsaure C12H16O4, die durch ihren Tetrabenzhydrylester und ein Tetrahydro-Derivat charakterisiert wurde.
A model of CP violation

Abstract A model of the weak interactions mediated by a nonet or an octet of W-mesons is presented. The model contains the CP violating phase intrinsically.
Economic Dispatch Using Quadratic Programming

The economic dispatch problem is formulated as a quadratic programming problem and solved using Wolfe's algorithm. The method is capable of handling both equality and inequality constraints on p, q, and v and can solve the load flow as well as the economic dispatch problem. The quadratic programming algorithm does not require the use of penalty factors or the determination of gradient step size which can cause convergence difficulties. Convergence was obtained in three iterations for all test systems considered and solution time is small enough to allow the method to be used for on-line dispatching at practical time intervals. Results are presented for 5, 14, 30, 57, and 118 bus test systems.
Chewing the fat--how much and what kind?

IN this issue of the Journal, Small et al.1 provide instructions for reducing the cholesterol content of red meat and partially replacing its natural fat with vegetable fat. This delightful lesson ...
Attenuation of pulmonary neuroendocrine differentiation in mice lacking Clara cell secretory protein.

During development and injury, pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) cells may transiently express Clara cell 10 kD protein (CC10), a major product of the nonciliated progenitor cells for normal and neoplastic airway epithelia suggesting a close relationship between the cells. To assess the role of CC10 during NE differentiation, we studied CC10-deficient mouse lungs by immunohistochemistry and digital imaging. The knockout model revealed a lack of the disrupted gene product in the lung. Because NE cells, which occur as solitary cells or in neuroepithelial bodies (NEBS), comprise less than 1% of airway epithelia, we counted foci positive for each of the three NE markers—synaptophysin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and protein gene product (PGP) 9.5—and developed a method to analyze numerous airways in serial sections. Digitized images of slides were segmented with Photoshop imaging software. The length of airway epithelium and total section areas were then measured using MetaMorph image analysis software. A comparable range of NE foci was observed regardless of CC10 expression patterns with all three markers, suggesting that CC10 is not critical for NE ontogenesis. However, discrimination according to size revealed that wild-type lungs harbored 30% to 40% greater synaptophysin- and CGRP-containing NEBs relative to CC10 deficient lungs. We posit that an attenuation of pulmonary NE differentiation afflicts the CC10-deficient state. Our imaging application greatly facilitates the acquisition and analysis of complex structures such as the lung and promises to be a widely applicable technique for assessments of tissue sections.
Preconditioned conjugate gradient technique for the analysis of symmetric anisotropic structures

An efficient preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) technique and a computational procedure are presented for the analysis of symmetric anisotropic structures. The technique is based on selecting the preconditioning matrix as the orthotropic part of the global stiffness matrix of the structure, with all the nonorthotropic terms set equal to zero. This particular choice of the preconditioning matrix results in reducing the size of the analysis model of the anisotropic structure to that of the corresponding orthotropic structure. The similarities between the proposed PCG technique and a reduction technique previously presented by the authors are identified and exploited to generate from the PCG technique direct measures for the sensitivity of the different response quantities to the nonorthotropic (anisotropic) material coefficients of the structure. The effectiveness of the PCG technique is demonstrated by means of a numerical example of an anisotropic cylindrical panel.
Collisionally triggered generation of a coherent signal

We demonstrate the generation of a coherent signal by an incoherent process. In a first step, population is transferred from the ground state to two excited states by a collisional redistribution process. Then, in a second step, a coherent Raman signal is generated from these two populated excited states. At high pressure, it is predicted that a Raman-type resonance between two equally populated levels should be observed. Information about inelastic-collision cross sections and dephasing coefficients in the excited states is obtained.
Predicting contraceptive vigilance in adolescent females: A projective method for assessing ego development

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that ego development would predict contraceptive use. Problems in ego development were defined in terms of three factors: (1) realism, (2) complexity, and (3) discontinuity. Methods: Forty-one respondents aged 14–17 years were selected from a group of 233 adolescents who were administered a projective pregnancy scenario and participated in a 12-month follow-up. Twenty of these adolescents were randomly selected from the group determined to be effective contraceptive users, while 21 were randomly selected from the group of poor contraceptors. Results: Chi-square test revealed a significant association ( p 2 = 13.82, with df-1). Low scores on the ego maturity measure predicted poor contraceptive use. EM was unrelated to age but was associated with race (χ 2 = 7.535, .025 p Conclusions: A simple, time-efficient projective pregnancy scenario is an effective way of determining adolescent females at risk for poor contraceptive effectiveness and, therefore, untimely pregnancy. These stories are analyzed using factors related to the ego development of the adolescent. Subjects who scored lower on this measure have poor contraceptive effectiveness while subjects with higher levels demonstrated effective contraception use, at 1-year follow-up.
Initiation of white cell activation during cardiopulmonary bypass: cytokines and receptors.

The pathogenesis of organ injury induced by extracorporeal circulation involves many inflammatory cascades and cellular components of the immune system. One therapeutic approach is to target the neutrophil and minimize the deleterious effects of neutrophil activation during bypass. Mechanical removal of circulating neutrophils from the perfusate by filtration produced profound leukopenia in a dog model that persisted for 8-12 h post-bypass. The leukocyte-depleted animals had less lung sequestration of white cells than control animals and less evidence of white-cell activation. These differences resulted in significantly improved pulmonary gas exchange in the post-bypass period. Another approach to reducing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) neutrophil-mediated injury is modulation of neutrophil-endothelial adherence. One strategy is to improve the biocompatibility of the bypass circuit. Our laboratory measured the upregulation of the neutrophil-adhesion molecules CD11b and CD18 during CPB but did not demonstrate significant differences between membrane and bubble oxygenators. However, studies in pigs undergoing CPB with a standard extracorporeal circuit or a heparin-coated CPB circuit found less pulmonary injury in the heparin-coated group of animals. Specific therapy to inhibit adhesion molecule expression using the anti-inflammatory compound NPC 15669 has shown promise. Marked inhibition of neutrophil CD18 expression during and post-bypass, better gas exchange, and lower pulmonary vascular resistance occurred in the treated animals. The role of cytokines in relation to the morbidity associated with bypass is not clearly defined. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and IL-8 are usually (but not uniformly) elevated after cardiac operations.
Strategies Used by Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses in Treating Adults With Depression

PURPOSE. Strategies used by psychiatric advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) in treating clients with depression are described to explore their effectiveness. DESIGN AND METHODS. Ten APRNs participated in semistructured individual interviews for this qualitative descriptive study. The use of either a symptom severity scale or symptom reduction checklist was used to measure the effectiveness of the strategies used. FINDINGS. APRNs identified a biopsychosocial approach as the primary component of their treatment of clients with depression. Other strategies identified include psychopharmacology, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and partnering with the client. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Treatment of depression can be enhanced with the incorporation of the biopsychosocial strategies along with standard treatment modalities.
A solution to the ruin problem for Pareto distributions

Abstract An expression is derived for Ψ ( u ), the probability of ultimate ruin given an initial reserve of u in the case of a Pareto distribution. Laplace transforms and exponential integrals are used to derive this expression, which involves a single integral of real valued functions along the positive real line. Most importantly, the integrand is not of an oscillating kind. This expression for Ψ ( u ) is new, and may be used to form the basis of a more refined set of asymptotic approximations to Ψ ( u ). Finally, it shown that Ψ ( u ) can be expressed as the expected value of a function of a two parameter gamma random variable.
THE USE OF QUALITY CONTROL AND DATA MINING TECHNIQUES FOR MONITORING SCALED SCORES: AN OVERVIEW

Maintaining comparability of test scores is a major challenge faced by testing programs that have almost continuous administrations. Among the potential problems are scale drift and rapid accumulation of errors. Many standard quality control techniques for testing programs, which can effectively detect and address scale drift for small numbers of administrations yearly, are not always adequate to detect changes in a complex, rapid flow of scores. To address this issue, Educational Testing Service has been conducting research into applying data mining and quality control tools from manufacturing, biology, and text analysis to scaled scores and other relevant assessment variables. Data mining tools can identify patterns in the data and quality control techniques can detect trends. This type of data analysis of scaled scores is relatively new, and this paper gives a brief overview of the theoretical and practical implications of the issues. More in-depth analyses to refine the approaches for matching the type of data from educational assessments are needed.
Indefinite agent, passive and impersonal passive: A functional study

Abstract This paper proposes a formal and functional differentiation between impersonal passives and other kinds of passive. In particular. It will show that whenever there is a passive form of intransitive verbs in several languages, such a form implies that the sentence has an indefinite human agent. This is not a function of the passive form of transitive verbs, which not only do not imply any semantic features of the subject, but very often do not imply existence of the subject altogether. The paper also proposes an explanation for the fact that in many languages, certain elements of the passive form were utilized to indicate an indefinite human agent.
Periods without agitation diminish platelet mitochondrial function during storage

BACKGROUND: Prolonged periods without agitation produce platelet (PLT) storage lesions that result in reduced in vitro assay parameters and an increase of apoptotic markers during storage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of periods without agitation on PLT mitochondrial function, blood gases, and activation. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Apheresis PLT units (n = 12) were collected using a cell separator and each was equally divided among five storage bags (50 mL of PLT suspension in 300-mL nominal volume containers). Four bags were held without agitation for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours in a standard shipping box at room temperature and the fifth bag was continuously agitated. PLTs were assayed for standard in vitro PLT assays as well as for mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), accumulation of reactive oxygen species, Annexin V binding, mitochondrial mass, and activity of mitochondrial reduction power (MRP) immediately after removal of units from the shipping container on Days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7. RESULTS: Increasing periods without agitation resulted in increased superoxide anion generation and PLT activation as well as reduced PLT MMP and MRP. Increasing periods without agitation resulted in increasing Annexin V binding. PLTs that had undergone periods without agitation showed increased oxygen and carbon dioxide levels immediately after storage without agitation. The superoxide anion generation was highly correlated with the loss of MMP, increasing Annexin V binding, and pH decline. CONCLUSIONS: PLTs, if stored without agitation, produce a lesion that leads PLTs to apoptosis. The severity of the lesion depends on the length of the period without agitation. Prolonged periods without agitation induce formation of superoxides and depolarization of MMP along with a presentation of apoptotic markers.
Comparative effects of selected antifolates on transforming human lymphocytes and on established human lymphoblastic cell lines

Abstract When 15 nM methotrexate was added to the medium in which human peripheral lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin were incubated, it caused a 50 per cent decrease in the maximum number of blasts produced, in the number of cells in mitosis and in the incorporation of [ 3 H]deoxyuridine into DNA. However, [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation into DNA was increased by methotrexate concentrations up to 0.5 mM. When 50 nM methotrexate was present continuously, blast formation, mitosis and deoxyuridine incorporation were virtually abolished, but if this concentration was present only during the induction phase (the first 24 hr), the subsequent effect on blast proliferation was slight. In contrast, 24-hr exposure during the proliferative phase (days 3–5) severely affected blast proliferation. The effects of methotrexate were largely reversible by thymidine, but hypoxanthine or purine nucleosides had no significant effect so that the metabolic block appears to be entirely at thymidylate synthetase under the experimental conditions. The inhibitory effects of ten other antifolates on transforming lymphocytes were determined and, with one exception, their relative effectiveness was found to be as predicted from inhibitory effects on highly purified bovine dihydrofolate reductase. The growth of four established lines of human lymphoblastic cells was inhibited to essentially the same extent by six of the antifolates, and these cells were only slightly less sensitive to the antifolates than were the transforming normal lymphocytes.
A survey of hospitals managing human rabies cases in India

A survey of 23 infectious diseases (ID) hospitals/ID wards of general hospitals was done during 2008-09 to assess the facilities for and management of rabies patients. All were Government hospitals and 0.5% of total beds was earmarked for rabies cases. The hospitals were mostly run by medical colleges (47.8%) and ID hospitals (30.4%) and located outside city limits (52.2%). The patients were admitted to 'rooms (39.1%)' and 'wards (43.5%)'. The general conditions of rabies sections i.e. sanitation and linen (65%), space and toilet (52% and 56%) and bed (47.8%) require improvements. There is a need to improve staff availability, use of personal protective wears, preventive vaccination of care providers and medicinal supplies. It is recommended to encourage hospitalization of human rabies cases to ensure a 'painless and dignified death' and this must be considered as a 'human rights' issue.
Vibrotactile loudness addition

Os adjusted the intensity of vibration at a single locus on the right hand to a value equal in vibratory loudness to various patterns of vibration on the left hand. The patterns were created by 1 to 5 equated vibration generators, varied with respect to sensation level and distances among the vibrators. The results were: (a) increasing from 1 to 5 vibrators produced a doubling in vibratory loudness, (b) neither loudness level of the components nor distance among vibrators had any effect on the slope of the overall loudness growth function. as also adjusted the intensity of a white noise to equal in magnitude the patterns of vibration presented (a) to the left hand as before and (b) to loci distributed over the surface of the body. The results were the same as those obtained using a single vibrator as standard. The specific loci stimulated did not appear to have any effect on vibrotactile loudness addition.
Pharmacotherapy: Implications of high-dose statin link with incident diabetes

According to a meta-analysis of five clinical trials, high-dose statin therapy is associated with increased risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus. When treating patients with excessive levels of non-HDL cholesterols despite moderate-dose statin therapy, should we prescribe a strategy known to be efficacious, but associated with safety concerns, or should we prescribe combination therapy that has no proven effects on outcomes?
Modulation of the asialoglycoprotein receptor in human hepatoma cells: effect of glucose.

The hepatic receptor for asialoglycoproteins was found to be modulated by the glucose concentration in the medium of the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. The surface binding of asialoorosomucoid, a well-documented ligand for this receptor, increased from 20 ng/mg of cellular protein to about 40 ng/mg as the glucose concentration was increased from 10 to 50 mg/dl. The up-modulating effect of glucose was mimicked by pyruvate, a product of glucose metabolism, and abolished by both 2-deoxyglucose, an inhibitor of glucose metabolism, and by cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Scatchard plot analysis indicated a rise in the number of binding sites and a twofold increase in binding affinity. In contrast, the binding of antibody remained unchanged with respect to alterations in glucose concentration, an indication that the actual number of receptors remained constant in face of an increased number of binding sites. Specificity of the glucose effect was shown by the binding of insulin and transferrin to their respective receptors, which was unaffected by the high glucose concentration that increased asialoorosomucoid binding. The repression of receptor binding seen with cells grown in biotin-deprived medium was reversed by increasing the glucose concentration of the medium. In this case, binding was restored to a level sixfold to sevenfold higher than that of the control cells grown in dialyzed serum. The stimulatory effect of glucose was shown to be independent of and significantly greater than that of cyclic GMP, a known regulator of receptor expression of biotin-deficient HepG2 cells. These results suggest that increasing glucose concentrations effect an activation of either silent or nonfunctional receptors or increase the stoichiometry of ligand binding per receptor complex. The data provided here are interpreted as suggesting a potential role of glucose in maintaining hepatic homeostasis through regulation of the asialoglycoprotein receptor. (Hepatology 1994;19:432–439).
The Effects of Self-Directed Video Prompting With Two Students With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

This study evaluated the effectiveness of video prompts presented on an iPod Touch on the acquisition of two daily living skills, as well as a system of most-to-least prompts to teach two students with moderate to severe intellectual and developmental disabilities to use the iPod Touch as a self-directed prompting device. In phase 1, video prompts presented on an iPod Touch were used to teach the students to make microwavable popcorn. Once the students were consistently performing the popcorn task, they were taught to independently use the iPod Touch (i.e., self-directed video prompting). In the third phase, one student was taught to make instant noodle soup via self-directed video prompts. A multiple probe across participants design was used to evaluate the effects of video prompting and the acquisition of self-directed video prompting. An AB design was used to evaluate the effects of self-directed video prompting with one student. Both students learned to make microwaveable popcorn. One student learned to self-operate the iPod Touch and met the criteria for beginning phase 3 (making noodle soup) before the conclusion of the study.
SPONTANEOUS BREATHING WITH THE BAIN CIRCUIT AT LOW FLOW RATES: A CASE REPORT

A clinical case is presented which suggests that spontaneous respiration with the Bain circuit at low flow rates is associated with rebreathing. Controlled ventilation is advised when the Bain circuit is used.
A WORLD OF CONTINGENCIES

Physicalism holds that the laws of physics are inviolable and ubiquitous and thereby account for all of reality. Laws leave no “wiggle room” or “gaps” for action by numinous agents. They cannot be invoked, however, without boundary stipulations that perforce are contingent and which “drive” the laws. Driving contingencies are not limited to instances of “blind chance,” but rather span a continuum of amalgamations with regularities, up to and including nearly determinate propensities. Most examples manifest directionality, and their very definition encompasses intentionality. Contingencies, via their interactions with laws, can reinforce and maintain one another, thereby giving rise to enduring, ordered configurations of constraints. All of ordered nature thus results from ongoing transactions between mutualistic contingencies that constrain possibilities and entropic chance events that degrade order but diversify opportunities. Laws do not of themselves determine reality; interactions among contingencies do. For believers, the robust abundance of indeterminacies provides ample latitude for divine intervention, free will, and prayer. The priority of contingency also affords some insight into the meaning of suffering and evil.
The variability of syphilitic chancres.

Sixty-four patients who had darkfield microscopic evidence of primary syphilis underwent a standardized interview and physical examination. Two or more lesions were observed in 47% of patients, 7.8% of patients had non-indurated ulcers, and the borders of the ulcers of 7.8% were irregular and slightly undermined, suggesting lesions of chancroid. Only 27 patients (42.7%) had single, indurated chancres with regional lymphad-enopathy. It is suggested that the “classic” chancre may be the “atypical” lesion.
A comparison of procedures for the separation of aquatic bacteria from sediments for subsequent direct enumeration

Abstract The effectiveness of homogenization, sonicationand two chemical treatments for separating attached sedimentary bacteria from particles was examined and compared. Several criteria were considered, including the number of bacteria left on particles, the ratio of the number of attached bacteria to the number unaattached, and the calculated coefficient of variation for replicates. Comparisons were made among different types of sediment for homogenization and sonication. Significant differences are obtained by the use of different techniques of dispersion. In general, homogenization and sonication yielded higher overall counts and greater ratios of unattached to attached bacteria than did either Triton X-100 or periodate treatment. It is concluded that the absolute effectiveness of a specific separatio technique should not be assumed. Each sediment should be studied individually to determine the most appropriate enumeration procedure.
Interactions of Rubidium, Sodium, and Potassium on the Nutrition of Sugar Beet Plants

The effect of Rb on the growth and the development of sugar beet plants (Beta vulgaris, var. MS NB1 x NB4) depends on the Rb concentration, the K supply, and the relative abundance of Na. Rubidium added either to a low or high K solution with or without added Na increased leaf blade size greatly, possibly through an effect on phytohormones or through a "partitioning effect" on the distribution of carbohydrates, with top growth favored over storage roots.Sodium increased the growth of sugar beet plants when they were either K-deficient or adequately supplied with K. Sodium or Rb added to a high K solution increased the sucrose percentage and total sucrose of the storage roots significantly. Sodium and Rb supplied simultaneously to the nutrient solution resulted in synergetic effects only at low K supply.Potassium was translocated in mature leaves from the petiole to the blade when Na was added to a low K solution, or when Rb was added either to a low or a high K solution. Rb + K had little to no effect on Na redistribution.
Mathematical description of heterogeneous materials

Abstract This paper outlines an approach for the mathematical description of the strongly interconnected nature of the pores in a heterogeneous catalyst. The approach is based on the mathematical formulation of a travel process throughout the catalyst and allows to predict the overall properties of the pore space as a function of the branching algorithm. General analytical solutions are presented for 2-D and 3-D space. Monte Carlo simulations in 2-D space show the chaotic arrangement of the pore segments and the computed global properties are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. Finally, the model representation for a porous structure is investigated theoretically for the case of reaction and diffusion in a catalyst particle
The reaction of 2-substituted-4,5-dichloro-3(2H)-pyridazinones with alkoxides and alkylthiolates

The reaction of 2-substituted-4,5-dichloro-3(2H)-pyridazinones 1a-b with alkoxides and alkylthiolates was investigated. Regiospecific displacement of either the 4 or 5 chlorine atom could be achieved in most cases by appropriate selection of the reaction solvent.
Gender, Emotion, and the Embodiment of Language Comprehension

Language comprehension requires a simulation that uses neural systems involved in perception, action, and emotion. A review of recent literature as well as new experiments support five predictions ...
THE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY DURING PREGNANCY

More than 12,000 pregnant patients in the United States per year have conditions normally evaluated by esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). More than 6000 pregnant patient in the United States per year have conditions normally evaluated by sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Endoscopy during pregnancy raises the unique issue of fetal safety, and endoscopic medications comprise a significant component of fetal risks from endoscopy. This article analyzes the safety of endoscopic medications during pregnancy, reviews the literature on the safety of gastrointestinal endoscopy during pregnancy, proposes guidelines for endoscopic indications during pregnancy, and describes modifications of gastrointestinal endoscopy during pregnancy to increase fetal and maternal safety.
Nitrogen availability to corn in soils previously amended with organic wastes

Abstract The availability of N to corn (Zea Mays L.) in soils previously amended with organic wastes was estimated by a number of chemical soil tests in 1982 and 1983. Availability indexes were correlated with yield and N uptake by the crop. Total soil N and June mineral N (N extracted by 2N KC1 from soil samples obtained when corn was 20 to 30 cm tall) proved to be good predictors of yield and N uptake for combined 1982 and 1983 data. Soil organic matter content and absorption of U.V. (260 nm) light by .01 M NaHCO3 and NH4OAc (pH 4.8) soil extracts were not well enough correlated with yield or N uptake to be useful in a soil testing program. Various combinations of log transformations of June mineral N, preplant mineral N, and Ap horizon depth proved to be good indexes of N availability and in some cases explained a significantly greater percentage of the variability in yield and N uptake than single‐variable indexes.
Recognising Antibacterial Hypersensitivity In Children

Adverse reactions to antibacterial agents are not uncommon in children. They are classified as ‘immediate’ or ‘nonimmediate’ according to the time interval between drug administration and onset. Immediate reactions occur within 1 hour and are manifested by urticaria and/or angioedema, bronchospasm and anaphylactic shock; immunological reactions are mediated by IgE antibodies. The main nonimmediate reactions (occuring after more than 1 hour) are maculopapular rash, urticaria and serum sickness; T lymphocytes may participate in maculopapular rash. Clinical assessment of such reactions is complex. The patient’s history is fundamental; the allergological examination includes in vivo and in vitro tests selected on the basis of the clinical features and the phase of reaction. In the late phase, prick and intradermal tests are sensitive in evaluating β-lactam allergy. Together with delayed-reading intradermal testing, patch testing seems to be useful in diagnosing maculopapular reactions to systemically administered aminopenicillins. Determination of specific IgE levels is the most common in vitro method for diagnosing immediate reactions. In the acute phase, serum tryptase and urinary N-methylhistamine assays are reliable in diagnosing type I pathogenic mechanisms in immediate reactions. Unfortunately, there are few in vitro tests for evaluating other reactions, and most are not fully validated. In selected cases, provocation tests should be performed.
Ultraviolet variations of epsilon UMa

OAO-2 spectrometer observations of the Ap variable epsilon UMa indicate that the photometric variations are due to variable ultraviolet absorption from apparently overabundant metals. These data also point out the presence of a secondary maximum of the Fe-group elements, notably Cr, that has not been reported.
Noradrenergic α1 Receptor Antagonist Treatment Attenuates Positive Subjective Effects of Cocaine in Humans: A Randomized Trial

Background Preclinical research implicates dopaminergic and noradrenergic mechanisms in mediating the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse, including cocaine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of treatment with the noradrenergic α1 receptor antagonist doxazosin on the positive subjective effects of cocaine. Methods Thirteen non-treatment seeking, cocaine-dependent volunteers completed this single-site, randomized, placebo-controlled, within-subjects study. In one study phase volunteers received placebo and in the other they received doxazosin, with the order counterbalanced across participants. Study medication was masked by over-encapsulating doxazosin tablets and matched placebo lactose served as the control. Study medication treatment was initiated at 1 mg doxazosin or equivalent number of placebo capsules PO/day and increased every three days by 1 mg. After receiving 4 mg doxazosin or equivalent number of placebo capsules participants received masked doses of 20 and 40 mg cocaine IV in that order with placebo saline randomly interspersed to maintain the blind. Results Doxazosin treatment was well tolerated and doxazosin alone produced minimal changes in heart rate and blood pressure. During treatment with placebo, cocaine produced dose-dependent increases in subjective effect ratings of “high”, “stimulated”, “like cocaine”, “desire cocaine”, “any drug effect”, and “likely to use cocaine if had access” (p<.001). Doxazosin treatment significantly attenuated the effects of 20 mg cocaine on ratings of “stimulated”, “like cocaine”, and “likely to use cocaine if had access” (p<.05). There were trends for doxazosin to reduce ratings of “stimulated”, “desire cocaine”, and “likely to use cocaine if had access” (p<.10). Conclusions Medications that block noradrenergic α1 receptors, such as doxazosin, may be useful as treatments for cocaine dependence, and should be evaluated further. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01062945
Modified technique for production of experimental right-sided congestive heart failure.

Experimental heart failure was produced by tricuspid insufficiency accomplished by digital avulsion of the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve and progressive pulmonary stenosis by progressive distension of a periarterial hydraulic occluder implanted at the base of the pulmonary artery. This technique is advantageous because it allows external regulation of the degree of pulmonary occlusion and is associated with a negligible operative mortality and consistently produces dogs with heart failure which remain otherwise healthy for many months.
Angular Distributions from Deuteron-Induced Reactions in Sodium

Angular distributions and absolute cross sections were obtained for a group of reactions induced by 14.8-Mev deuteron bombardment of Na/sup 23/. The ground state and the 1.341-Mev state of the Na/sup 23/(d,p)Na/sup 24/ reaction were fitted with Butler curves of 1/sub n/ - 2 and 0, respectively. The angular distributions of seven levels of the reaction ls were measured to be --0.441, -- 2.073, --2.400, --2.689, certainty of plus or minus 0.040 Mev. The ground state and the first three excited states of Na/sup 22/ were observed by the reaction Na/sup 23/ (d,d')Na/sup 22/. It was possible to fit the angular distributions to all the Na/sup 22/ states with 1/sub n/ - 2. The Q value of the 1 plus or minus 0.040 Mev. (auth)