cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR PARTIAL PURIFICATION OF THE ORGANISM OF PSITTACOSIS GROWN IN CHICKEN EMBRYO YOLK SAC

A procedure described for the partial purification of suspensions of the organisms of psittacosis utilizes tryptic digestion, calcium chloridedextran sulfate precipitation, and centrifugation through a sucrose barrier. More than 40% of the organisms in the original suspension are recovered in 80% of the original volume, with approximately 95% of the lipids and 85% of the proteins removed. This method is suggested as a preliminary purification procedure in laboratories desiring relatively large amounts of purified agent for studies on metabolism, physical properties, or antigenicity of the organism. Significant aspects of the investigations leading to the selection of the procedures are included.
Within-Test Validity of Early Cat/Clams Testing in a High Risk Follow-Up Population 1331

The CAT/CLAMS tests, while simpler and more easily performed, compare favorably to the Bayley MDI and have excellent within-test validity in normal infants > 18 mo (Clin Pediatr. 1994; 33: 404-409). What is not known is whether these characteristics are true in infants 1 visit. CAT/CLAMS were scored for corrected age (CA) up to 36 months. For this study, abnormal was defined as a score of 1 year later compared with 14/24(58.3%) in Group B and 8/15 (53.3%) in Group C. Sensitivity: of 23 infants with abnormal sub-test scores at > 24 mo, 3 (13%) were identified at < 6 mo, 7 (43% cumulative) at 7-11 mo and 8 (78% cumulative) at 12-17 mo. Five of the 23 (22%) did not have any abnormal sub-tests until after 18 mo. Correlation: The correlation coefficient (r) and coefficient of distribution (R2) for the sub-tests over time in the same infants were 0.276 and 0.076 for tests first administered to Group A, 0.264 and 0.070 for those given to Group B and 0.55 and 0.302 for Group C. For all r values, p< 0.001. Accuracy: Differences in sub-test scores over time improved as the infants became older. Mean ± SEM score differences between sub-tests performed at < 6 mo and subsequent tests were 12.9± 0.43, 11.9 ± 0.97 for those first performed at 6 - 11 mo and 10.2 ± 0.44 for those first performed at 12 - 17 mo (Group C mean difference lower than Groups A or B, p < 0.05 by ANOVA and Tukey tests). Conclusions: These results indicate that CAT/CLAMS discriminant utility improves with time. Examining the relationship between early CAT/CLAMS scores and later more comprehensive tests (e.g. Bayley) will be needed before these tests can be recommended in younger infants.
Early oral and oropharyngeal cancer in nontobacco users.

In order to define the clinical behavior and characteristics of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cancer in nontobacco users, 40 surgically treated American Joint Commission (AJC) stage I and II tumors in 36 nontobacco-using patients were retrosepctively compared with 306 similarly staged and treated tumors in 286 tobacco-using patients. Significantly more nontobacco-associated tumors were found in females (P less than 0.005) whose mean age was significantly greater than that of tobacco users (P less than 0.001). Nontobacco users had proportionately more tumors of the buccal mucosa, oral tongue, and hard palate and fewer of the floor of mouth (P less than .025). There was no difference in the distribution of histologic grades between the two groups. The incidence of initial or subsequent nodal disease and the incidence of second upper aerodigestive tract cancers were similar. Despite similar rates of failure of initial treatment, the mean time to failure was significantly greater in nontobacco users (P less than 0.01). There was no difference in determinate 5-year survival between the two groups. Oral and oropharyngeal cancers in nontobacco users are no more aggressive than similar lesions in tobacco users.
Comprehensive Approaches to Cooperative Learning.

(1999). Comprehensive approaches to cooperative learning. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 38, Building Community Through Cooperative Learning, pp. 74-79.
Deoxysphingolipids: β-cell, beware of these new kids on the block.

Recent estimates by the International Diabetes Federation suggest that the incidence of diabetes soared to an all-time high of 382 million in 2013, compared with 371 million in 2012. The federation predicts that by 2035 the number of individuals afflicted with this disease will increase to 592 million. Furthermore, an alarmingly high number of individuals (∼175 million) is as yet undiagnosed (1). Therefore, efforts to understand the pathophysiology of diabetes are critical for forward movement toward development of novel therapeutic strategies for this disease. Against this backdrop, original investigations by Unger and colleagues (2,3) suggested that chronic exposure and stimulation of the islet β-cell to glucose (glucotoxicity) or free fatty acids (FFAs) (lipotoxicity) result in β-cell dysfunction. Numerous studies using both in vitro and in vivo models have implicated ceramide, a sphingolipid derived from palmitate, in islet dysfunction and death (4–6). Sphingolipids have also been implicated in the metabolic dysfunction of cells and tissues that are also associated with hypertension and atherosclerosis (7,8). Recently, Othman et al. (9) reported significantly higher plasma levels of deoxysphingolipids (1-deoxySLs) in patients with metabolic syndrome, suggesting that these atypical sphingolipids might serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of these patients. It has been shown that mutations in genes encoding specific subunits of serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT), which mediates the de novo biosynthesis of ceramide from palmitoyl CoA and serine, lead to alterations in the …
Effects of protein source and nutrient density in the diets of male broilers from 8 to 21 days of age on their subsequent growth, blood constituents, and carcass compositions

The effects of protein source and amino acid (AA) and AME levels in the diets of male broilers from 8 to 21 d of age on subsequent growth and blood and carcass traits were investigated in the current study. Fourteen Ross × Ross 708 male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to each of 80 floor pens arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each diet contained 1 of 2 dietary protein sources (high inclusion of distillers dried grains with solubles or high inclusion of meat and bone meal), 1 of 2 AA densities (moderate or 10% higher), and 1 of 2 AME densities (2,998 or 3,100 kcal/kg). Experimental diets were fed from 8 to 21 d of age, and common diets from 1 to 7 and 21 to 55 d of age. The higher AME density in high inclusion of meat and bone meal diets increased serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels on d 20. The dietary inclusion of high inclusion of distillers dried grains with solubles or lower levels of AA increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol on d 20. Feeding the high-AA-density diet decreased feed intake without affecting BW gain, which resulted in a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR). A high-AME-density diet lowered feed intake but increased BW gain, which resulted in a lower FCR from 8 to 21 d of age. Feed intake, BW gain, FCR from 21 to 54 d of age, and carcass weight on 42 and 55 d of age were not affected by treatments from 8 to 21 d of age. However, early dietary manipulation from 8 to 21 d of age affected fat and meat yield at 42 and 55 d of age. Moreover, a high-AME diet decreased feed cost per carcass weight gain from 8 to 55 d of age. In conclusion, high AA or AME densities during the grower phase, from d 8 to 21 of age, may improve growth during the grower feeding phase, but may also affect meat yield during the latter grow-out phases. Furthermore, high-AME diets from 8 to 21 d of age may save on feed costs for meat production.
Macrophage-mediated tumor cytotoxicity: role of macrophage surface sialic acid.

Cell surface sialic acid levels were compared for monocytes and macrophages obtained from normal volunteers and breast cancer patients. Equal quantities of sialic acid were found on the monoscytes obtained from normal volunteers and breast cancer patients. Approximately 60% more cell surface sialic acid was found on the macrophages from breast cancer patients than was found on the macrophages from normal volunteers. In order to determine whether cell surface sialic acid had any effect on macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity, macrophages were pretreated with neuraminidase (NANAse) prior to co-cultivation with tumor cells. The normal macrophages, after neuraminidase treatment, no longer retained their ability to kill tumor cells. However, when macrophages from breast cancer patients were treated with NANAse, no difference was observed in the ability of untreated and NANAse treated macrophages to kill tumor cells.
Nowhere to go: How stigma limits the options of female drug users after release from jail

Drug and alcohol using women leaving prison or jail face many challenges to successful re-integration in the community and are severely hampered in their efforts by the stigma of drug or alcohol use compounded by the stigma of incarceration. This qualitative study is based on individual semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 17 women who had recently left jail about the challenges they faced on reentry. Our analysis identified three major themes, which are related by the overarching influence of stigma: survival (jobs and housing), access to treatment services, and family and community reintegration. Stigma based on drug use and incarceration works to increase the needs of women for health and social services and at the same time, restricts their access to these services. These specific forms of stigma may amplify gender and race-based stigma. Punitive drug and social policies related to employment, housing, education, welfare, and mental health and substance abuse treatment make it extremely difficult for women to succeed.
Performance of a dual headed SPECT system modified for coincidence detection

A NIM/CAMAC/Macintosh data acquisition system was developed to collect/sup /spl plusmn//X, /sup /spl plusmn//Y, and E information from a GE Maxxus SPECT system. A high impedance signal pick-off circuit was used so the data could be collected without disturbing normal operation of the camera. The measured coincidence timing resolution for the system is 8 msec FWHM. The energy resolutions for the detector heads are /spl sim/7.5% (using pulse clipping), at 511 keV. The system sensitivity is 70 cps//spl mu/Ci for a point source centered in the field of view (450-575 keV energy window, 62.6 cm detector spacing). The intrinsic spatial resolution of the detector heads are /spl sim/3.7 mm FWHM in the focal plane using linear tomography. Linear tomography image reconstruction and a volume image reconstruction based on the Kinahan-Rogers approach have been implemented. Images of a line source phantom, the Data Spectrum torso phantom, and the 3D Hoffman brain phantom.
Amorphous Ge bipolar blocking contacts on Ge detectors

The authors report on the performance of high-purity Ge radiation detectors with amorphous Ge (a-Ge) contacts fabricated using RF sputtering techniques. Electrical contacts formed using sputtered a-Ge films on high-purity Ge crystals, both n- and p-type, were found to exhibit good blocking behavior with low leakage currents, with the contact biased under either voltage polarity. The a-Ge contacts have thin dead layers associated with them, and can be used in place of lithium-diffused, ion-implanted, or Schottky barrier contacts on Ge radiation detectors. The use of such contacts allows fabrication of multi-electrode detectors by means of simple processing steps. >
Complications of Flaps

Flaps are susceptible to the same complications as side-to-side closures. However, as the blood supply to a flap is more precarious, the complication may have a more dire effect. This article catalogues the various acute complications with an emphasis on early recognition and management.
Development of Peptoid-Based Ligands for the Removal of Cadmium from Biological Media.

Cadmium poisoning poses a serious health concern due to cadmium's increasing industrial use, yet there is currently no recommended treatment. The selective coordination of cadmium in a biological environment—i.e. in the presence of serum ions, small molecules, and proteins—is a difficult task. To address this challenge, a combinatorial library of peptoid-based ligands has been evaluated to identify structures that selectively bind to cadmium in human serum with minimal chelation of essential metal ions. Eighteen unique ligands were identified in this screening procedure, and the binding affinity of each was measured using metal titrations monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy. To evaluate the significance of each chelating moiety, sequence rearrangements and substitutions were examined. Analysis of a metal–ligand complex by NMR spectroscopy highlighted the importance of particular residues. Depletion experiments were performed in serum mimetics and human serum with exogenously added cadmium. These depletion experiments were used to compare and demonstrate the ability of these peptoids to remove cadmium from blood-like mixtures. In one of these depletion experiments, the peptoid sequence was able to deplete the cadmium to a level comparable to the reported acute toxicity limit. Evaluation of the metal selectivity in buffered solution and in human serum was performed to verify minimal off-target binding. These studies highlight a screening platform for the identification of metal–ligands that are capable of binding in a complex environment. They additionally demonstrate the potential utility of biologically-compatible ligands for the treatment of heavy metal poisoning.
Facile one-pot synthesis of porphyrin based porous polymer networks (PPNs) as biomimetic catalysts.

Stable porphyrin based porous polymer networks, PPN-23 and PPN-24, have been synthesized through a facile one-pot approach by the aromatic substitution reactions of pyrrole and aldehydes. PPN-24(Fe) shows high catalytic efficiency as a biomimetic catalyst in the oxidation reaction of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) in the presence of H2O2.
Comparison of [18F]Fluorocholine and [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose for Positron Emission Tomography of Androgen Dependent and Androgen Independent Prostate Cancer

Purpose: Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is used for the metabolic evaluation of cancer. [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is commonly used as a radiotracer but its low cellular uptake rate in prostate cancer limits its usefulness. We evaluated the novel choline analog [18F]fluorocholine (FCH) for detecting androgen dependent and androgen independent prostate cancer, and its metastases.Materials and Methods: The cellular uptake of FCH and FDG was compared in cultured prostate cancer cells (LNCaP and PC-3). FCH and FDG were injected into nude mice xenografts (CWR-22 and PC-3) and radiotracer uptake in various organs were evaluated. Patients with androgen dependent (9) and independent (9) prostate cancer were studied by FCH and FDG PET.Results: FCH uptake was 849% and 60% greater than FDG uptake in androgen dependent (LNCaP) and independent (PC-3) cells, respectively. The addition of hemicholinium-3 (5 mM.) 30 minutes before radiotracer administration inhibited FCH uptake by 79% and 70% in LNCaP and ...
Constitutive telomerase expression promotes mammary carcinomas in aging mice

Telomerase is up-regulated in the vast majority of human cancers and serves to halt the progressive telomere shortening that ultimately blocks would-be cancer cells from achieving a full malignant phenotype. In contrast to humans, the laboratory mouse possesses long telomeres and, even in early generation telomerase-deficient mice, the level of telomere reserve is sufficient to avert telomere-based checkpoint responses and to permit full malignant progression. These features in the mouse provide an opportunity to determine whether enforced high-level telomerase activity can serve functions that extend beyond its ability to sustain telomere length and function. Here, we report the generation and characterization of transgenic mice that express the catalytic subunit of telomerase (mTERT) at high levels in a broad variety of tissues. Expression of mTERT conferred increased telomerase enzymatic activity in several tissues, including mammary gland, splenocytes, and cultured mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In mouse embryonic fibroblasts, mTERT overexpression extended telomere lengths but did not prevent culture-induced replicative arrest, thus reinforcing the view that this phenomenon is not related to occult telomere shortening. Robust telomerase activity, however, was associated with the spontaneous development of mammary intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive mammary carcinomas in a significant proportion of aged females. These data indicate that enforced mTERT expression can promote the development of spontaneous cancers even in the setting of ample telomere reserve.
EMC coupling to a circuit board from a wire penetrating a cavity aperture

The analysis of printed circuit boards (PCBs) is a problem of recent interest. Of particular interest is the electromagnetic coupling from an exterior field to a circuit component on a PCB inside a conducting cavity (shield) via a direct connection from a wire or cable that penetrates an aperture in the cavity; indeed, this may often be the dominant coupling mechanism. An accurate and efficient analysis of this EMC problem requires the combination of PCB analysis with the analysis of field penetration into a cavity via a penetrating wire, and this is the subject of the present investigation. A hybrid technique for calculating the signal level at the input to a device on a PCB due to an exterior field incident on the cavity is discussed. The technique separates the analysis of the cavity/wire from that of the conductor trace on the PCB, thus enabling an efficient calculation. The method allows a The/spl acute/venin equivalent circuit to be obtained at any point on the PCB, such as a point where the PCB conductor trace meets a circuit component of interest on the PCB.
Gain-flattened, extended L-band (1570-1620 nm), high power, low noise erbium-doped fiber amplifiers

In conclusion, we have presented the first demonstration of high-power, low-noise, gain-flattened, 60-channel, extended L-band EDFAs with full functionality over a large dynamic range, and showed that they can be strong candidates for future high-bit-rate, wide-band, ultra-long-haul systems.
First harmful Dinophysis (Dinophyceae, Dinophysiales) bloom in the U.S. is revealed by automated imaging flow cytometry.

Imaging FlowCytobot (IFCB) combines video and flow cytometric technology to capture images of nano- and microplankton (∼10 to >100 μm) and to measure the chlorophyll fluorescence associated with each image. The images are of sufficient resolution to identify many organisms to genus or even species level. IFCB has provided >200 million images since its installation at the entrance to the Mission-Aransas estuary (Port Aransas, TX, USA) in September 2007. In early February 2008, Dinophysis cells (1–5 · mL−1) were detected by manual inspection of images; by late February, abundance estimates exceeded 200 cells · mL−1. Manual microscopy of water samples from the site confirmed that D. cf. ovum F. Schutt was the dominant species, with cell concentrations similar to those calculated from IFCB data, and toxin analyses showed that okadaic acid was present, which led to closing of shellfish harvesting. Analysis of the time series using automated image classification (extraction of image features and supervised machine learning algorithms) revealed a dynamic phytoplankton community composition. Before the Dinophysis bloom, Myrionecta rubra (a prey item of Dinophysis) was observed, and another potentially toxic dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum, was observed after the bloom. Dinophysis cell-division rates, as estimated from the frequency of dividing cells, were the highest at the beginning of the bloom. Considered on a daily basis, cell concentration increased roughly exponentially up to the bloom peak, but closer inspection revealed that the increases generally occurred when the direction of water flow was into the estuary, suggesting the source of the bloom was offshore.
Overhead reduction in distributed simulation

Optimistic distributed discrete-event simulation incurs significant memory overhead because it stores state vectors with each processed but uncommitted message. The authors propose an application-independent scheme that substantially reduces this overhead, while also improving the simulation performance. Global control in optimistic simulation is replaced by local conservative control, and the concept of hierarchical layers of commitment of messages is introduced. The memory overheads imposed by Time Warp are reduced, and the performance of the Time Warp algorithm is improved. These two objects are achieved by ensuring that the state of the system as a whole is not impeded by the slowness of a few logical processes. >
Flow and heat transfer inside thin films supported by soft seals in the presence of internal and external pressure pulsations

Abstract The effects of both external squeezing and internal pressure pulsations are studied on flow and heat transfer inside non-isothermal and incompressible thin films supported by soft seals. The laminar governing equations are non-dimensionalized and reduced to simpler forms. The upper plate displacement is related to the internal pressure through the elastic behavior of the supporting seals. The following parameters: squeezing number, squeezing frequency, frequency of pulsations, Fixation number (for the seal) and the thermal squeezing parameter are found to be the main controlling parameters. Accordingly, their influences on flow and heat transfer inside disturbed thin films are determined and discussed. It is found that an increase in the Fixation number results in more cooling and a decrease in the average temperature values. Also, it is found that an increase in the squeezing number decreases the turbulence level at the upper plate. Furthermore, fluctuations in the heat transfer and the fluid temperatures can be maximized at relatively lower frequency of internal pressure pulsations.
Modeling of the Pressure Distribution in Three‐Dimensional Porous Green Bodies during Binder Removal

A model is developed to describe flow in porous media from the thermal decomposition of binder in three-dimensional bodies with anisotropic permeability. The model is able to describe the pressure within the body as a function of position, time, and temperature during the heating cycle. The results from numerical solution of the un-steady-state partial differential equation are compared to those obtained from an analytical solution to the steady-state equation. Under many conditions that are representative of binder removal, the analytical solution provides a reasonable representation of the numerical solution. A criterion is also developed to determine when the analytical solution is valid. Scaling relationships for the buildup of pressure in terms of the dimensions of the body, the rate of reaction, and the permeability are also derived.
Temporal and Spatial Synchrony of Culex territans (Diptera: Culicidae) with Their Amphibian Hosts

Culex territans Walker (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae share nonpolluted freshwater habitats with amphibians, which are bloodmeal hosts of their adults. To examine synchrony of Cx. territans with amphibian species, 10 larval habitat sites were sampled weekly from March to November of 2004. Cx. territans larvae were temporally and spatially associated with the green frog, Rana clamitans Latrielle. We predicted that if the preferred hosts were abundant at low temperatures, Cx. territans might be able to digest bloodmeals at those same temperatures. Using the thermal heat summation model, 192.3 d above 3.9°C were needed to complete the gonotrophic cycle. This is the lowest thermal minimum reported for a Nearctic species of mosquito. Using this model, we calculated that the first larvae of Cx. territans field collected on 6 May 2004 were the progeny of females that bloodfed during the last week of March or first week of April. We conclude that Cx. territans has physiological mechanisms that allow them to take advantage of early season bloodmeal sources.
Performance Characteristics of a Rotational Seismometer for Near-Field and Engineering Applications

Based on the concept that torsion balances act as good filters for rota- tional oscillations at frequencies above their natural frequency of oscillations, we have fabricated a simple prototype to serve as a rotational seismometer for near-field and engineering studies. This instrument displays a nearly flat response at frequencies above 10 mHz, and the preliminary data taken with this instrument show a sensitivity of 5 ! 10 ! 6 " ! =0:01 Hz# rad sec ! 1 Hz ! 1=2 . Marginal improvements of the fabrication and housing will be needed to fully cover the sensitivities recommended by a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) panel for studies at these frequencies.
A Moving Grid Capability for NPARC

Version 3.1 of the NPARC computational fluid dynamics flow solver introduces a capability to solve unsteady flow on moving multi-block, structured grids with nominally second-order time accuracy. The grid motion is due to segments of the boundary grid that translate and rotate in a rigid-body manner or deform. The grid is regenerated at each time step to accommodate the boundary grid motion. The flow equations and computational models sense the moving grid through the grid velocities, which are computed from a time-difference of the grids at two consecutive time levels. For three-dimensional flow domains, it is assumed that the grid retains a planar character with respect to one coordinate. The application and accuracy of NPARC v3.1 is demonstrated for flow about a flying wedge, rotating flap, a collapsing bump in a duct, and the upstart / restart flow in a variable-geometry inlet. The results compare well with analytic and experimental results.
Template-based combinatorial enumeration of virtual compound libraries for lipids

A variety of software packages are available for the combinatorial enumeration of virtual libraries for small molecules, starting from specifications of core scaffolds with attachments points and lists of R-groups as SMILES or SD files. Although SD files include atomic coordinates for core scaffolds and R-groups, it is not possible to control 2-dimensional (2D) layout of the enumerated structures generated for virtual compound libraries because different packages generate different 2D representations for the same structure. We have developed a software package called LipidMapsTools for the template-based combinatorial enumeration of virtual compound libraries for lipids. Virtual libraries are enumerated for the specified lipid abbreviations using matching lists of pre-defined templates and chain abbreviations, instead of core scaffolds and lists of R-groups provided by the user. 2D structures of the enumerated lipids are drawn in a specific and consistent fashion adhering to the framework for representing lipid structures proposed by the LIPID MAPS consortium. LipidMapsTools is lightweight, relatively fast and contains no external dependencies. It is an open source package and freely available under the terms of the modified BSD license.
Which Emotion(s) Mediate the Relationship Between Mental Illness and Trust

Previous literature has shown that the stigma of mental illness can have serious negative effects on trust ratings in the person suffering from the illness. Furthermore, prior studies have shown that general affect (emotions) mediate the relationship between mental illness stigma and trust; that is, people trust those with mental illness less because they feel more negatively towards them. The current study expands on these findings by analyzing specifically which emotions mediate this relationship, and how strong that mediation effect is. We used Ekman and Friesen’s (1971) six universal facial expressions of emotions to test this missing gap in the literature. In two studies, participants were presented with a target individual who had severe and chronic depression (versus a control group) and asked to provide ratings of affect and trust in the target individuals. In Study 1, we replicated a previous finding that general affect mediates the relationship between mental illness and trust. In Study 2, we found that of the six universal emotions, only Happiness had a significant mediating effect on the relationship between mental illness and trust. We discuss the theoretical, practical and methodological implications of this data.
The Judiciary Fund: A Modest Proposal that the Bar Give to Judges What Congress Will Not Let Them Earn

Underpaid federal judges have always had ways to increase their income. The first resort (other than quitting for some other, higher-paying job) is a law granting judges a raise. But reputable minds differ on the proper scale and form of judicial pay increases, and raises have been low and slow in coming. Individual judges have occasionally taken the initiative to top off the family budget, albeit with mixed results. Judges are, however, not the only ones who have stepped up. Members of the bar have sometimes professed a willingness to contribute to the sustenance of the bench. Which brings us to the Taney Fund. When Chief Justice Roger Taney died in 1864 he left a tiny estate and two daughters who were still his dependants. In February 1871, Taney's former colleagues noticed that his daughters had fallen on hard times. They held a meeting of the bar of the Supreme Court at which a committee was formed to raise funds to support the daughters. But the main purpose of the meeting probably was to build support for judicial salary increases, and it seems to have worked. In March 1871, a big salary increase for federal judges became law. Which brings us to the Judiciary Fund. According to the American Bar Association, judges are in bad shape these days - seemingly as bad as they were in 1871: Judicial pay has reached such levels of inadequacy that it threatens the quality of justice in our nation. In the spirit of '71, the modern bar should come to the aid of our federal judiciary. $44 million is the rough price of increases Congress is looking at now. The money is there. All that remains is, a commitment to support the judiciary and a way to channel the money to the judges.
Glycogen Content of the Human Liver.

ConclusionsThe glycogen content of biopsy samples of normal livers was highest in patients that were fed glucose prior to operation. When extensive liver damage was present, liver glycogen was low despite glucose feeding.
Cation specificity of thrombocyte agglutinating activity (TAg) of canine plasma.

SummaryThe effect of each of 15 divalent or trivalent cations on the thrombocyte agglutinating activity (TAg) of canine plasma was tested. Adsorption of plasma with BaSO4 had little, if any, effect on TAg activity. In adsorbed resin-treated plasma TAg was active only in the presence of Mg++; Mn++, Fe++, Co++, or Ni++, with Mg++ being effective in the lowest concentration. Seeming differences in cation specificity of TAg in plasmas containing the chelating agents, oxalate and EDTA, are discussed.
Low Protein Diets for Turkeys Raised Under Practical Conditions

Abstract Baldini et al. (1954a, b) have reported good growth in turkey poults up to six weeks of age on 20% protein diets supplemented with lysine and methionine. In the following experiment we have confirmed these findings and have extended observations through a complete growing season under practical conditions. Six hundred straight run Buff poults were randomly divided into six groups and placed on raised screen flooring. At the end of twelve weeks the groups were transferred to range pens for the duration of this feeding trial. The compositions of rations used and the experimental design are presented in Tables 1 and 2 respectively. Birds were individually weighed at two week intervals and feed consumption data for the same periods were obtained. The weight and feed consumption data at six, twelve and twenty-six weeks of age are given in Table 2. Throughout this experiment the requirement for supplemental methionine was satisfied …
The Parasite Complex of Furcaspis Oceanica Lindinger

A survey through the western Caroline Islands including Ulithi Atoll, Yap, and the Palau group showed that the red coconut scale, Furcaspis oceanica Lindinger, existed at a low population level. Invariably, the red coconut scale colonies in this area were found to be parasitized by an encyrtid in the genus Anabrolepis . These parasites were collected and transported to Saipan, Mariana Islands, where the scale was abundant and without effective natural enemies.
Emotional struggles in adjusting to old age.

As the number of elderly persons increases in the total population, physicians will be confronted with an increasing number of emotional problems presented by these persons.Suggestions are offered for coping with problems of retirement, adjustment to diminished physical resources, personality changes, and depressive symptoms.
Synthesis of amide derivatives of andrographolide and their inhibitory activities on COX-2 expression

Aim:To synthesis the amide derivatives of andrographolide and to study their effects on lipopolysacchride induced COX-2 expression in mouse macrophages.Methods:NaBH4-NiCl2 reduction,hydrolysis and amidation were used in the synthesis of the target compounds.The inhibitory activity of COX-2 expression was measured by using Western blot analysis.Results and Conclusion:14 compounds of amides were semi-synthesized from andrographolide.All the target compounds have been identified by IR,1H NMR,MS and elemental analysis.Among these derivatives,one compound and two intermediates showed similar inhibitory potency to that of andrographolide.
Tars and anthralins.

The pharmacology, mechanisms of action, and historic perspectives of tar and anthralin are discussed. Traditional Goeckerman and Ingram regimens are presented in the context of newer advances in psoriasis treatment. Recommendations for therapy with tar and anthralin, either as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy, are reviewed and referenced.
SU-F-J-36: Comparison of Ball Bearing and Iso-Cube Phantoms for KV-MV Iso-Center Coincidence Check

Purpose: To compare two different quality assurance tools for kV-MV isocenter coincidence check. Methods: Ball-Bearing device (BBD) (Elekta) provided along with a CBCT equipped LINAC and isocenter cube phantom (CP) (a commercial product of Modus Medical Devices) are utilized to check the coincidence between the MV and kV beam isocenters. The microstepping meter of the BBD allows precision adjustment to better than 0.01mm in three directions. The BBD is aligned to the MV-isocenter with the lasers and followed by taking MV-images of at two collimator angles at each cardinal gantry, then its position adjusted. This process takes in iterative steps until 0.25mm tolerance is achieved. Four planar kV-images are taken at cardinal angles and deviations of BBD position from kVisocenter are evaluated. CP is positioned on the couch with the lasers at known offset from the isocenter. CBCT is utilized to set the cube to its kV isocenter with the precision of linac's couch (1mm). MV-images are taken at various gantry, collimator, and couch angles and evaluated with the CP manufacturer provided QA software to determine coincidence of the 6mm steel ball at cube center with MV-isocenter. Three sets of measurements, one after another, were performed on the same day for each phantom on the same linac. Results: Assuming little variation between kV and MV isocenters in a short time, BBD measurements are more reproducible than CP. With comparable conditions both methods agree within 0.5 mm in each direction, while for BBD average standard deviation was 0.07mm and for iso-cube 0.3mm. Conclusion: Since BBD is more reliable and its results are more reproducible, it should be used during the monthly QA. Since CP is a more efficient device, it should be used for daily QA. A comparison study between the two devices should be periodically performed.
Incorporating an ERP Project into Undergraduate Instruction

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a relatively non-invasive, simple technique, and recent advances in open source analysis tools make it feasible to implement EEG as a component in undergraduate neuroscience curriculum. We have successfully led students to design novel experiments, record EEG data, and analyze event-related potentials (ERPs) during a one-semester laboratory course for undergraduates in cognitive neuroscience. First, students learned how to set up an EEG recording and completed an analysis tutorial. Students then learned how to set up a novel EEG experiment; briefly, they formed groups of four and designed an EEG experiment on a topic of their choice. Over the course of two weeks students collected behavioral and EEG data. Each group then analyzed their behavioral and ERP data and presented their results both as a presentation and as a final paper. Upon completion of the group project students reported a deeper understanding of cognitive neuroscience methods and a greater appreciation for the strengths and weaknesses of the EEG technique. Although recent advances in open source software made this project possible, it also required access to EEG recording equipment and proprietary software. Future efforts should be directed at making publicly available datasets to learn ERP analysis techniques and making publicly available EEG recording and analysis software to increase the accessibility of hands-on research experience in undergraduate cognitive neuroscience laboratory courses.
The lure of synchrotrons

Shortly after he was sworn in as US energy secretary earlier this year, the Nobel-prizewinning physicist Steven Chu discussed what he called the "energy challenge" during a visit to the Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island. The challenge, according to Chu, is threefold. First, US national security as well as economic prosperity depends on the availability of clean and affordable energy. Second, competition for energy resources threatens to spark geopolitical conflict. Third, the development of alternative energy sources that do not depend on fossil fuels is critical to address climate change.
Nonlinear Etalons And Optical Computing

Nonlinear optics can contribute decisions to optical signal processing and computing. Etalons permit massive parallelism and global interconnectivity. GaAs etalons appear more attractive for real systems, but ZnS interference filters are convenient for simple demonstrations of logic operations and pattern recognition.
Impact of Non-Human Leukocyte Antigen-Specific Antibodies in Kidney and Heart Transplantation.

The presence of donor human leukocyte antigen (HLA) specific antibodies has been shown to be associated with graft loss and decreased patient survival, but it is not uncommon that donor specific HLA antibodies are absent in patients with biopsy proven antibody mediated rejection. In this review, we focus on the latest findings on antibodies against non-HLA antigens in kidney and heart transplantation. These non HLA antigens include myosin, vimentin, Kα1 tubulin, collagen and angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R). It is suggested that the detrimental effects of HLA antibodies and non-HLA antibodies synergize together to impact graft outcome. Injury of graft by HLA antibodies can cause the exposure of neo-antigens which in turn stimulate the production of antibodies against non HLA antigens. On the other hand, the presence of non-HLA antibodies may increase the risk for a patient to develop HLA specific antibodies. These findings indicate it is imperative to stratify the patient’s immunologic risk by assessing both HLA and non-HLA antibodies.
Comparing Branched versus Straight-chained Monoamide Extractants for Actinide Recovery

AbstractSeparations of used nuclear fuel at the engineered scale have generally been completed using the Plutonium Uranium Redox Extraction (PUREX) process. The PUREX process uses tributyl phosphate (TBP) as an extractant to recover uranium and plutonium. While the TBP extractant has proven effective at recovering U and Pu at the engineered scale, TBP is potentially vulnerable to third phase formation and TBP degradation products (monobutyl and dibutyl phosphoric acids) which can complicate recovery of extracted metals from the organic phase. An alternative class of extractants, monoamides, has been considered for applications in thorium and uranium fuel cycles. When compared to TBP, monoamides tend to have higher separation factors of U or Pu from fission products, structural materials, and Th. This review summarizes the literature that explores actinide separations using monoamides by assessing the physio-chemical properties between a broader library of branched and straight chain monoamides than consid...
Characterization of the pleiotropic roles of Sonic Hedgehog during retinal regeneration in adult zebrafish.

In contrast to the mammalian retina, the zebrafish retina possesses the ability to regenerate. This is primarily accomplished through Muller glial cells, which, upon damage, re-enter the cell cycle to form retinal progenitors. The progenitors continue to proliferate as they migrate to the area of damage and ultimately differentiate into new neurons. The purpose of this study was to characterize the expression and function of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) during regeneration of the adult zebrafish retina. Expression profiling of Shh pathway genes showed a significant upregulation of expression associated with stages of progenitor proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Activation of Shh signaling during early stages of retinal regeneration using intraocular injections of the recombinant human SHH (SHH-N) resulted in increased Muller cell gliosis, proliferation, and neuroprotection of damaged retinal neurons. Continued activation of Shh resulted in a greater number of differentiated amacrine and ganglion cells in the fully regenerated retina. Conversely, inhibition of Shh signaling using intraocular injections of cyclopamine resulted in decreased Muller glial cell proliferation and a fewer number of regenerated amacrine and ganglion cells. These data suggest that Shh signaling plays pleiotropic roles in proliferation and differentiation during adult zebrafish retinal regeneration.
Preparing the next cyber-resilient workforce through cross-pollination education

Cross-pollination has been used by biologists and the horticultural community to increase resilience to disease, insects, and other undesirable conditions in plants for centuries. This paper applies the concept of cross-pollination to educating the workforce at the graduate level. Crosspollination in the context of education implies the free-flow of ideas across disciplines by co-locating learners from one discipline with those of another in the same graduate program and encouraging them to share knowledge and experience. By building partnerships between industry and academia, employing hands-on learning techniques, and “flipping” the classroom we will better meet the needs industry has for competent, knowledgeable and motivated personnel especially in the area of critical infrastructure cybersecurity.
Resisting Forms: Prolegomena to an Aesthetics of Resistance

John Dewey’s aesthetic theory frames the critical–aesthetic role of graffiti and street art as “resisting forms.” In their dispersion and scattering on multiple surfaces, they cannot be centrally controlled. They resist the recourse to force by established powers to maintain order. The aesthetic dimension, Dewey shows, is not restricted to works of art, concentration on which impedes our recognizing art’s role in other sectors of our experience. Such a way of thinking transcends the distinction between “high” and “low” art forms and their intrinsic connection to the stratification of social and political groups. The interruptive nature of art forms to challenge perceptual and conceptual habits is exemplified in graffiti’s and street art’s power to do this with great skill and expressive richness.
Endocytic Trafficking of Glycosphingolipids in Sphingolipidoses

Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that membrane transport along the endocytic pathway is perturbed in a broad collection of sphingolipid storage disease (SLSD) fibroblasts. Namely, we studied a fluorescent analog of lactosylceramide (LacCer), which is endocytosed from the plasma membrane (PM) and subsequently transported to the Golgi complex of normal human skin fibroblasts (HSFs); however, in SLSD cells, transport to the Golgi apparatus is blocked and the lipid accumulates in endosomes. These findings led us to study the endocytic itinerary of LacCer (and other molecules) in normal vs SLSD fibroblasts. In this Chapter we describe the endocytic itinerary of SLs in normal fibroblasts and the perturbation of this lipid trafficking in SLSD fibroblasts. We also summarize our results demonstrating that the observed disruption of membrane trafficking in SLSDs is a consequence of elevated cholesterol which inhibits the function of selected rab proteins. Finally we highlight our attempts to correct the SLSD phenotype by stimulation of membrane traffic in the disease fibroblasts.
THE INFLUENCE OF FORMATION, COATING AND CALENDERING ON PAPER PRINTING SMOOTHNESS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the development of surface smoothness of a lightweight publication paper under increased loading of the finishing supercalender. A 28 lb/ream basestock consisting of approximately 70 percent hardwood and 30 percent softwood chemical pulp has been coated on a 12 inch trailing blade pilot coater with a single coat on the wire side under various coating conditions. Supercalendering and blade coating exert, therefore, a combined beneficial influence on the printability of the finished paper. Blade coating fills the deep regions of the basestock and applies only a thin coating layer to the highest portions, thus, equalizing the sheet caliper to some extent. The coating thickness of a blade coated sheet varies from a small fraction of the final paper caliper to 50 percent and more according to the void depth of the basestock before coating. Supercalendering reduces the coated paper caliper at the thickest areas, thus, again equalizing the sheet caliper in the same direction. It effects this by increasing density at these high surface locations and throughout the sheet under these surface areas.
Exercise Training and Prescription

The task of prescribing exercise in competitive athletes and in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is more similar than one might think, which makes life a bit easier when faced with patients with CVD who also choose to participate in vigorous, competitive sports. Regardless of whether you are prescribing exercise for the athlete, or the patient-athlete, there are two basic tenets that apply to everyone when establishing an exercise program. These are specificity of training (e.g., mode of training) and progressive overload (i.e., intensity, duration, and frequency of training).
The Unexpected Rapid Intensification of Tropical Cyclones in Moderate Vertical Wind Shear. Part I: Overview and Observations

AbstractA satellite-based investigation is performed of a class of tropical cyclones (TCs) that unexpectedly undergo rapid intensification (RI) in moderate vertical wind shear between 5 and 10 m s−...