cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits Mdα5 and Mdβ3 on autosome 1 of Musca domestica are not involved in spinosad resistance

Spinosad is a relatively new insecticide that exerts its toxic action via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Spinosad resistance in house flies appears to be due to an altered target site. To evaluate the molecular basis of spinosad resistance, two nAChR subunit genes, Mdα5 and Mdβ β β3 were cloned and characterized from an insecticide-susceptible (aabys) and spinosad resistant (rspin) strain of the house fly, Musca domestica. The Mdα α α5 and Mdβ β β3 cDNAs encode proteins of 781 and 432 amino acid residues, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis with insect nAChR subunits suggested that Mdα5 and Mdβ3 are most closely related to Dα5 and Dβ β β3 of Drosophila melanogaster, respectively. Mdβ3 is intronless, which is unique among all previously described nAChR genes. A-to-I RNA editing was found at 13 sites in Mdα5, eleven of which resulted in amino acid substitutions. No evidence for A-to-I RNA editing was found in Mdβ3. Mdα α α5 expression, quantified by real time PCR, was 340- and 23-fold higher in the head and thorax than in the abdomen. Mdβ3 expression was more uniform, being only 2.4-fold higher in the head and 1.4-fold lower in the thorax, compared to the abdomen. There was no difference in the expression of Mdα5 and Mdβ3 between the aabys and rspin strains. Although Mdα5 and Mdβ β β3 both map to the same chromosome as spinosad resistance, there were no unique features of either gene in rspin, relative to the aabys strain. This suggests neither Mdα α5 nor Mdβ3 is responsible for spinosad resistance in house flies.
There is Kisspeptin – And Then There is Kisspeptin

While kisspeptin was initially found to function as a metastasis suppressor, after identification of its receptor KISS1R and their expression profiles in tissues such as the hypothalamus and adrenals, kisspeptin and KISS1R were predominantly assigned endocrine functions, including regulating puberty and fertility through their actions on hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone production. More recently, an alter ego for kisspeptin has emerged, with a significant role in regulating glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion, as well as food intake and body composition, and deficient kisspeptin signaling results in reduced locomotor activity and increased adiposity. This review highlights these recent observations on the role of kisspeptin in metabolism as well as several key questions that need to be addressed in the future.
Interactive Simultaneous Editing of Multiple Text Regions

Simultaneous editing is a new method for automating repetitive text editing. After describing a set of regions to edit (the records), the user can edit any one record and see equivalent edits applied simultaneously to all other records. The essence of simultaneous editing is generalizing the user’s selection in one record to equivalent selections in the other records. We describe a generalization method that is fast (suitable for interactive use), domain-specific (capable of using high-level knowledge such as Java and HTML syntax), and under user control (generalizations can be corrected or overridden). Simultaneous editing is useful for source code editing, HTML editing, and scripting, as well as many other applications.
Effects of aggressive personality on social expectations and social perceptions.

Abstract Individual differences in aggressive reaction tendencies appear early in life and are stable across the life span. People who chronically interpret ambiguously aggressive behaviors as intentionally hostile are more likely to aggress against a provocateur than people without this hostile bias. Two studies used a Structural Equation Modeling approach to examine the effects of aggressive personality on hostile expectations and hostile perceptions in personally irrelevant social interactions. Study 1 demonstrated that aggressive personality was positively related to hostile expectations in the imagined outcomes of ambiguously aggressive story stems. Study 2 demonstrated that aggressive personality was positively related to hostile perceptions of observed dyadic interactions. This finding was not limited to the interpretation of ambiguous interactions, as has been found in the past. Results are discussed in terms of their applicability to understanding biased interpretations of everyday social interactions.
Perceptually-weighted audio coding that scales to extremely low bitrates

A perceptually scalable audio coder generates a bit-stream that contains layers of audio fidelity and is encoded in such a way that adding one of these layers enhances the reconstructed audio by an amount that is just noticeable by the listener. Such algorithms have applications like music on demand at variable levels of fidelity for 3G and 4G cellular radio systems operating at different bit rates. While the MPEG-4 natural audio coder can create scalable bit streams, its perceptual quality at low bit rates is poor. On the other hand, the non scalable TWIN-VQ performs well at low bit rates. In this paper we present a technique to modify the TWIN-VQ algorithm such that it generates a perceptually scalable bit-stream with layers of audio fidelity. Using the TWIN-VQ as our base ensures the best possible perceptual quality at low bit rates (8 - 16 kbps).
Intra-aortic balloon pump complications: A five-year retrospective study of 283 patients.

Abstract Objective: To determine the type, incidence, and risk factors for complication with the intra-aortic balloon pump. Design: Descriptive, chart review. Setting: Midwestern community teaching hospital. Patients: Two hundred eighty-three patients with 287 intra-aortic balloon pump insertions from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 1994. Outcome Measures: Complications of therapy. Results: Seventeen percent of balloon insertions resulted in minor complications, and 14 patients had major complications. Polychotomous logistic regression was used to determine which study risk factors were predictive of the development of minor or major complications in patients. Patients with longer balloon duration had an increased risk of a major complication; whereas smokers and patients with lower body mass index had an increased probability of the development of a minor complication. (Heart Lung ® 1999;28:195-202)
Haunting the HOXA Locus: Two Faces of lncRNA Regulation

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate diverse biological functions through mechanisms ascribed to the lncRNA transcript itself. Now in Cell Stem Cell, Yin et al. (2015) use CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing to demonstrate discrete and opposing roles for the lncRNA Haunt transcript and DNA at the HOXA locus during ESC differentiation.
Constructing cardiovascular fitness knowledge in physical education

In physical education, it has become necessary for children to learn kinesiological knowledge for understanding the benefits of physical activity and developing a physically active lifestyle. This study was conducted to determine the extent to which cognitive assignments about healthful living and fitness contributed to knowledge growth on cardiorespiratory fitness and health. Fourth grade students (N = 616) from 15 randomly sampled urban elementary schools completed 34 cognitive assignments related to the cardiorespiratory physical activities they were engaged in across 10 lessons. Performance on the assignments were analyzed in relation to their knowledge gain measured using a standardized knowledge test. A multivariate discriminant analysis revealed that the cognitive assignments contributed to knowledge gain but the contribution varied assignment by assignment. A multiple regression analysis indicated that students’ assignment performance by lesson contributed positively to their knowledge growth scores. A content analysis based on the constructivist learning framework showed that observing–reasoning assignments contributed the most to knowledge growth. Analytical and analytical–application assignments contributed less than the constructivist theories would predict.
Asymptomatic Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia in a Young Adult

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5915/15-1-12377 We report a case of Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia (WM) which is unusual in two respects: the patient was 36-years-old and was asymptomatic at diagnosis. Because of the young age of our patient, WM was not an initial consideration and was a somewhat surprising finding. However, upon review of the literature on WM, it appears that approximately 5% of the patients with WM are between 30-40 years of age. The percentage of these young patients who were asympotmatic at diagnosis, such as our patient, is impossible to determine from the published data.
Secret key generation through OFDM multipath channel

We analyze the fundamental limits of key generation and describe an implementation based on error correcting codes. We show that key extraction based on channel coefficients significantly outperforms key extraction based on received signal strength indicators (RSSI). The development in this paper is based on an IEEE 802.11a orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) model and We demonstrate that it is feasible to use the sampled channel coefficients in OFDM as the key source. The key extraction problem is cast as a Slepian-Wolf coding and decoding problem. We construct regular and irregular forms of binary and non-binary low-density parity check (LDPC) codes to prototype our key extraction.
The Nimbus F Random Access Measurement System (RAMS)

In 1974, the Random Access Measurement System (RAMS) will be launched aboard the NIMBUS F satellite as part of the Tropical Wind, Energy Conversion, and Reference Level Experiment (TWERLE). This paper describes operation and performance of the RAMS instrument, which will provide a means of tracking and collecting data from a large number of instrumented platforms. In operation, the RAMS will perform satellite onboard processing of up to eight simultaneous platform transmissions, following search and detection of the randomly received platform transmissions in a compressed-time expanded-frequency domain. The processed data is stored aboard the satellite for readout every 108 minutes (orbital period), and platform locational coordinates and/or velocity components are determined in a central ground data processing facility. TWERLE system performance design goals are ±5 km position location, ±1 meter/second velocity determination, and 1000 platforms/orbit multiple access accommodation.
Polypharmacy and Medicines to Avoid

The number of individuals surviving past age 65 is increasing globally and the likelihood of suffering from chronic diseases is also rising as the demographics shift. Since even a single medical condition may require multiple medications, it is not surprising that each additional disease significantly increases the risk for polypharmacy-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and morbidity. This is especially so when each comorbidity requires the care of a different specialist as is frequently seen in the aged population.
PERSPECTIVE: EVOLUTION'S STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE IN AMERICA'S PUBLIC SCHOOLS

The ongoing creation-evolution controversy in North America thrives on the widespread special creationist beliefs of a significant portion of the public. Creation science supports a literal interpretation of the Judeo-Christian Bible, an earth that is no more than 10,000 years old and created ex nihilo in six days by a monotheistic God, with no new kinds arising since the period of creation, and with a single flood of staggering force shaping layers of rocks and trapping the organisms fossilized within them. Despite decisions in numerous court cases that specifically exclude creationism and creation science from primary and secondary biology classes in America's public schools, creationists now work locally to minimize or remove evolution from science teaching standards. The nationally organized movement to resist the teaching of evolution has proven highly effective, influencing state and district school boards in addition to individual teachers and schools. Thus, if teaching about evolution and the nature of science is to survive in America's primary and secondary schools, scientists must likewise work with teachers and reach out to state and local school boards. In this perspective we outline the typical creationist arguments we encounter from students, teachers, school board members, and neighbors. We explain briefly how knowledge of both microevolution and macroevolution is important in medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. We describe a science education controversy that arose within our own school district, how we responded, and what we learned from it. Finally, we argue that even modest outreach efforts to science teachers will be richly repaid.
Laparoscopic extraperitoneal para-aortic lymphadenectomy in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer: Histopathologic findings and correlation with PET-CT imaging studies

5014 Objective: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic extraperitoneal para-aortic lymphadenectomy and to correlate histopathologic findings and preoperative PET-CT imaging in patie...
Fallible or inerrant? A belated review of the ‘constructivist's bible’ Jan Golinski, Making Natural Knowledge: Constructivism and the History of Science. Cambridge History of Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Pp. xiv+236. ISBN 0-521-44913-8. £15.95 (paperback).

When Jan Golinski's Making Natural Knowledge was published in 1998 it was generally applauded for its ecumenical stance between the empirical ‘art’ of historians and the theoretical focus of the social sciences. Indeed, such a middling position was a unique approach to be taken in wake of the ‘science wars’ and this, in combination with the book's clear organization and (for the most part) forthright prose, quickly earned it a place upon HPS, STS and SSK postgraduate reading lists. Now, five years since its first edition was published (hardback, 1998), the work has become a standard introduction to historically minded scholars interested in the constructivist programme. In fact, it has been called the ‘constructivist's bible’ in many a conference corridor. Since the book has attained such a status (and since it has not been reviewed in the BJHS), it is perhaps worth reflecting on whether or not such canonical text (to use a biblical analogy) is fallible or inerrant – especially in relation to its content and pedagogical efficacy.
Grading of prostatic adenocarcinoma: current state and prognostic implications

Despite significant changes in the clinical and histologic diagnosis of prostate cancer, the Gleason grading system remains one of the most powerful prognostic predictors in prostate cancer. The correct diagnosis and grading of prostate cancer is crucial for a patient’s prognosis and therapeutic options. However, this system has undergone significant revisions and continues to have deficiencies that can potentially impact patient care. We describe the current state of grading prostate cancer, focusing on the current guidelines for the Gleason grading system and recent changes from the 2014 International Society of Urological Pathology Consensus Conference on Gleason Grading of Prostatic Carcinoma. We also explore the limitations of the current Gleason grading system and present a validated alternative to the Gleason score. The new grading system initially described in 2013 in a study from Johns Hopkins Hospital and then validated in a multi-institutional study, includes five distinct Grade Groups based on the modified Gleason score groups. Grade Group 1 = Gleason score ≤6, Grade Group 2 = Gleason score 3 + 4 = 7, Grade Group 3 = Gleason score 4 + 3 = 7, Grade Group 4 = Gleason score 8, Grade Group 5 = Gleason scores 9 and 10. As this new grading system is simpler and more accurately reflects prostate cancer biology, it is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be used in conjunction with Gleason grading.
Abstract 11013: Resource Utilization for Non-Cardiac Hospital Admissions in Patients With Single Ventricle Congenital Heart Disease

Background: Patients with single ventricle (SV) congenital heart disease (CHD) incur high hospital costs during staged surgical palliation. However, resource utilization for non-cardiac admissions ...
A Comparison of the Curves of Lipolytic Activity and Proteolysis of Certain Rapidly Growing Human Tubercle Bacilli in Media of Varied Composition. Studies in Acid-Fast Bacteria. IX

In the previous articles it has been shown that broth cultures of various acid-fast bacteria exhibit lipolytic activity; that this lipolytic activity is also demonstrable in the autolyzed bacteria from the same media; and that the lipase in solution in the broth and in the bodies of the bacteria grown in this broth is thermostabile. Furthermore, this lipase, irrespective of the composition of the medium in which it is produced, acts on various esters and glycerids. The extent of lipase activity observed, both in culture media and in autolyzed bacteria taken from these media, appears to vary with the luxuriance of the growth of the organisms. This observation, however, appears to apply more strictly to the filtered broth cultures than to the autolyzed bacteria obtained from these cultures, and the question arises: Is this lioolytic activity proportionate to the amount of autolysis which the bacteria undergo in the media, or does this lipolytic activity vary with the vegetative activity (metabolism) of the organisms? The solution of this question possesses more than academic interest, for it is conceivable that an active exolipase might play a not unimportant part in the development of the tubercle bacillus in the human body. If the former possibility alone were realized, tubercle bacilli should exhibit lipolytic activity more or less proportionate to their autolysis; whereas, if the latter possibility alone (or associated with the former possibility) were involved, there would be a rough parallelism between the amount of lipolysis demonstrable in culture and the extent of vegetative activity of the organisms themselves in the same culture, provided appropriate media were used. That is to say, if the tubercle bacillus produces an exolipase, it is probable that the curves of lipolytic activity and vegetative activity would reach their maxima more or less synchronously.
Imaging Surface Plasmon Polaritons in Nanostructures with Transient Absorption Microscopy

Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPPs) are electromagnetic waves that propagate at metal-dielectric interfaces. In this paper transient absorption microscopy is used to image SPPs in gold nanowires, and study how they couple between nanostructures.
Changes in Mindfulness and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Veterans Enrolled in Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction.

Objectives The current study assessed associations between changes in 5 facets of mindfulness (Acting With Awareness, Observing, Describing, Non-Reactivity, and Nonjudgment) and changes in 4 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters (Re-Experiencing, Avoidance, Emotional Numbing, and Hyperarousal symptoms) among veterans participating in mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Method Secondary analyses were performed with a combined data set consisting of 2 published and 2 unpublished trials of MBSR conducted at a large Veterans Affairs hospital. The combined sample included 113 veterans enrolled in MBSR who screened positive for PTSD and completed measures of mindfulness and PTSD symptoms before and after the 8-week intervention. Results Increases in mindfulness were significantly associated with reduced PTSD symptoms. Increases in Acting With Awareness and Non-Reactivity were the facets of mindfulness most strongly and consistently associated with reduced PTSD symptoms. Increases in mindfulness were most strongly related to decreases in Hyperarousal and Emotional Numbing. Conclusions These results extend previous research, provide preliminary support for changes in mindfulness as a viable mechanism of treatment, and have a number of potential practical and theoretical implications.
Endovascular thrombectomy in the setting of aortic dissection

Background Recent studies have validated the use of endovascular thrombectomy in large vessel ischemic stroke provided patients are selected appropriately. However, to our knowledge, there have been no previously reported cases of endovascular thrombectomy in patients with aortic dissection. We report three such cases, two with chronic aortic dissections (including one with a history of Marfan syndrome) and another with an acute type B dissection. Methods Case studies and review of relevant literature. Results Three patients with a history of aortic dissection presented with acute onset right middle cerebral artery syndromes, two of whom had chronic aortic dissections that were status-post graft repair, while a third had an acute type B aortic dissection that had been managed with a femoral-to-femoral bypass. None of the three were candidates for intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. All three were found to have proximal right M1 occlusions on non-invasive imaging and were taken for endovascular thrombectomy via transfemoral, transradial, and transbrachial approaches, respectively. All three had successful recanalization (with Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (TICI) 2b, TICI 3, and TICI 2b flow, respectively) along with clinical improvement, and none had procedure-related complications. Conclusions These three cases suggest that endovascular thrombectomy is feasible and can be done safely and efficaciously in patients with aortic dissections and those with Marfan syndrome, although the risks and benefits should be considered as part of any decision-making process. Given that endovascular therapy for acute stroke is now in many situations part of standard care, further studies will be necessary to delineate more precise inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Common Factors Between Couples Therapists and Imago Relationship Therapy: A Survey of Shared Beliefs, Values, and Intervention Strategies

In this study, 273 couples therapists were surveyed regarding their alignment with the beliefs, values, and intervention strategies of Imago Relationship Therapy (IRT). The Likert-type scale survey...
GLUT4 Expression in Adipocytes Regulates De Novo Lipogenesis and Levels of a Novel Class of Lipids With Antidiabetic and Anti-inflammatory Effects

Adipose tissue (AT) regulates systemic insulin sensitivity through multiple mechanisms, and alterations in de novo lipogenesis appear to contribute. Mice overexpressing GLUT4 in adipocytes (AG4OX) have elevated AT lipogenesis and enhanced glucose tolerance despite being obese and having elevated circulating fatty acids. Lipidomic analysis of AT identified a structurally unique class of lipids, branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy-fatty acids (FAHFAs), which were elevated in AT and serum of AG4OX mice. Palmitic acid esters of hydroxy-stearic acids (PAHSAs) are among the most upregulated FAHFA families in AG4OX mice. Eight PAHSA isomers are present in mouse and human tissues. PAHSA levels are reduced in insulin resistant people, and levels correlate highly with insulin sensitivity. PAHSAs have beneficial metabolic effects. Treatment of obese mice with PAHSAs lowers glycemia and improves glucose tolerance while stimulating glucagon-like peptide 1 and insulin secretion. PAHSAs also reduce inflammatory cytokine production from immune cells and ameliorate adipose inflammation in obesity. PAHSA isomer concentrations are altered in physiological and pathophysiological conditions in a tissue- and isomer-specific manner. The mechanisms most likely involve changes in PAHSA biosynthesis, degradation, and secretion. The discovery of PAHSAs reveals the existence of previously unknown endogenous lipids and biochemical pathways involved in metabolism and inflammation, two fundamental physiological processes.
Preparing for a Value-Based Health Care System.

![Figure][1] ![Figure][1] ![Figure][1] Over the last several years, health care reform efforts have compelled us to rethink how we deliver care. Economic pressures related to health care costs [(1)][2], concerns about quality, evolving medical technology, and improvements in
Educational justice for undocumented students: How school counselors encourage student persistence in schools

School counselors are critical intermediaries in K-12 schools who can help students from undocumented immigrant families persist in school. Yet, a dearth of research exists about their advocacy work, or the range of efforts they make to support unauthorized youth. This paper asks, 1) what challenges do counselors face and strive to overcome to promote undocumented students’ persistence in school?; and 2) what strategies do counselors use to encourage students to persist? Data come from an embedded case study with seven school counselors and a family intervention specialist in two Texas school districts on the U.S.-Mexico border. The findings revealed that two of participants’ biggest challenges in terms of student persistence—and their strategies to help—related to complexities arising from students commuting across the border to school and students’ transient living situations. Despite participants networking on behalf of students and families, forming partnerships and seeking services for students and families, counselors recognized limits to their efforts. Policies impeded their assistance, and events that were out of their control inhibited them from potentially acting as empowering agents for students in critical ways. While counselors can develop strong, trusting school-student partnerships to encourage student persistence, more research must explore how school leaders can act as empowerment agents and build capacity to serve newly arrived or undocumented families.
Value-added probiotic development by high-solid fermentation of sweet potato with Saccharomyces boulardii.

Controlled fermentation of Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) var. Beauregard by yeast, Saccharomyces boulardii (MAY 796) to enhance the nutritional value of sweet potato was investigated. An average 8.00 × 1010 Colony Forming Units (CFU)/g of viable cells were obtained over 5-day high-solid fermentation. Yeast cell viability did not change significantly over time at 4°C whereas the number of viable yeast cells reduced significantly at room temperature (25°C), which was approximately 40% in 12 months. Overall, the controlled fermentation of sweet potato by MAY 796 enhanced protein, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, amino acid, and fatty acid levels. Development of value-added sweet potato has a great potential in animal feed and human nutrition. S. boulardii- fermented sweet potato has great potential as probiotic-enriched animal feed and/or functional food for human nutrition.
Review Article of Michael Staudigl’s Phänomenologie der Gewalt

This book is a rounded well-informed study of violence, especially from a hermeneutical and social-studies perspective. It is relevant to peace studies. It raises key issues about the phenomenology of the person, of violence, of the foundations of ethics. Although it tends to skirt normative phenomenological, eidetic as well as moral issues they are always insistently on the edge of the rich discussions philosophical-hermeneutical issues and contemporary writings on these matters.
The Adult With a Fontan: A Panacea Without a Cure? – Review of Long-Term Complications –

The univentricular heart includes a spectrum of complex cardiac defects that are managed by staged palliative surgical procedures, ultimately resulting in a Fontan procedure. Since 1971, when it was first developed, the procedure has undergone several variations. These patients require lifelong management, including a thorough knowledge of their anatomic substrate, hemodynamic status, management of rhythm and ventricular function, together with multi-organ evaluation. As these patients enter middle age, there is increasing awareness of long-term complications and mortality. This review highlights the concept behind the staged surgical palliations, the unique single ventricle physiology and the long-term complications in this complex cohort of patients.
Polythetic Operationism and the Phylogeny of Learning

During the last two decades, learning has been reported in several simpler invertebrates, and these findings have been criticized and attacked. Because this controversy has been both heated and prolonged, one can suspect that more is involved than differences in the facts available to different investigators. Instead, unexpressed differences in assumptions, definitions, and conceptual modes may be the basis of the controversy and confusion. Because of this possibility, it seems worthwhile to turn from attempting to answer the question, “Do simpler invertebrates learn?” and to concern ourselves with the principles involved in giving precise and scientific meaning to these and related questions.
Peripheral Arterial Diseases

Peripheral vascular diseases are common, and are associated with major morbidity and mortality, and yet they continue to receive less intense clinical attention than coronary artery or myocardial disease. The term peripheral vascular disease has been used historically to denote the noncardiac arterial occlusive diseases. This traditional term is best applied to describe the global set of pathophysiologic syndromes that affect the arterial, venous, and lymphatic circulations. Precision in medicine is based on precision of terminology. The distinct and diverse vascular syndromes encompass many etiologies and natural histories, as well as differing diagnostic and treatment pathways. Thus, use of a more specific nomenclature is required. The arterial diseases include those disorders that cause either fixed obstruction or abnormal vascular reactivity of the arteries supplying a given tissue; the obstruction impairs blood delivery and can produce ischemia. Venous diseases occur in response to processes that impede normal venous function, including all noncardiac causes of venous hypertension. These disorders include venous valvular incompetence and venous hypertension, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, postphlebitic syndrome, and varicose veins.
Muscarinic Receptors: Molecular Biology and Neuropsychopharmacology

Muscarinic and nicotinic are the names given to the two major classes of acetylcholine receptors. These receptors play major roles in the function of the body. In brain, evidence suggests a role for muscarinic receptors in memory function. Therefore, these receptors have been a focus of interest for the therapeutics of Alzheimer’s disease.
Paclitaxel Drug-Coated Balloons : A Review of Current Status and Emerging Applications in Native Coronary Artery De Novo Lesions

The paclitaxel drug-coated balloon (DCB) is an emerging device in percutaneous coronary intervention, which has shown promising results by means of a high-concentration, rapid local release of an antirestenotic drug without the use of a durable polymer or metal scaffold. DCB have already proven effective in clinical trials for the treatment of in-stent restenosis. Its coronary applications may potentially be widened to a host of complex coronary de novo lesion subsets, such as small-caliber vessels, diabetes, and diffuse lesions, where the use of stents may be hampered by suboptimal results. Recently, this technology has rapidly evolved with newer studies added to assess the value of DCB in coronary applications other than in-stent restenosis. We present a review of the role of DCB in de novo coronary lesions based on this latest clinical evidence.
Analysis of czech economy efficiency after one year of its membership in the EU

This text is concerned with an analysis of the Czech economy efficiency and its position among the five partner economies of new member states in the EU – Slovakia, Poland, Hungary and Slovenia after one year of their membership in the EU. We can manifest on the basis of multidimensional scaling methods that the Czech Republic has the highest potential to become the most powerful new member state.
Reform, resistance, and revolution

Nothing as much as revolution simultaneously demands hope, inspires hope, and betrays hope. (Bayat, p. 219).In this statement, sociologist Asef Bayat captures the tensions and contradictions engend...
Treatment of recurrent Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the vulva with lenalidomide.

e16555 Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) of the female genital tract is an extremely rare disease. We report a 14 year follow up of a patient with LCH successfully treated with lenali...
Development and Evaluation of Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Strip for Rapid Detection of Canine Parainfluenza Virus Type 5 Strain

A colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip was firstly developed to detect Canine Parainfluenza Virus type 5 based on a sandwich format. The sensitivity of strip was tested for 10 3.8 TCID 50 mL-1 to CPIV 5. No cross-reactivity with five common viruses from dogs were observed. Thirty-nine nasopharyngeal swabs samples were used to compare the consistency between RT-PCR and the strip, and the total coincidence rate was 87.18%. The colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip thus provides a rapid and convenient method for on-site detection of CPIV 5 without any ancillary equipment.
A Previously Healthy Adolescent With Acute Psychosis and Severe Hyperhidrosis

A previously healthy 15-year-old boy presented with 3 months of progressive psychosis, insomnia, back and groin pain, and hyperhidrosis. On examination, the patient was disheveled, agitated, and soaked with sweat, with systolic blood pressure in the 160s and heart rate in the 130s. Aside from occasional auditory and visual hallucinations, his neurologic examination was normal. The patient was admitted for an extensive workup, including MRI of the brain and spine and lumbar puncture, which were normal. Through collaboration with various pediatric specialists, including psychiatry and neurology, a rare diagnosis was ultimately unveiled.
Metal-induced sensor mobilization turns on affinity to activate regulator for metal detoxification in live bacteria

Metal detoxification is essential for bacteria's survival in adverse environments and their pathogenesis in hosts. Understanding the underlying mechanisms is crucial for devising antibacterial treatments. In the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, membrane-bound sensor CusS and its response regulator CusR together regulate the transcription of the cus operon that plays important roles in cells' resistance to copper/silver, and they belong to the two-component systems (TCSs) that are ubiquitous across various organisms and regulate diverse cellular functions. In vitro protein reconstitution and associated biochemical/physical studies have provided significant insights into the functions and mechanisms of CusS-CusR and related TCSs. Such studies are challenging regarding multidomain membrane proteins like CusS and also lack the physiological environment, particularly the native spatial context of proteins inside a cell. Here, we use stroboscopic single-molecule imaging and tracking to probe the dynamic behaviors of both CusS and CusR in live cells, in combination with protein- or residue-specific genetic manipulations. We find that copper stress leads to a cellular protein concentration increase and a concurrent mobilization of CusS out of clustered states in the membrane. We show that the mobilized CusS has significant interactions with CusR for signal transduction and that CusS's affinity toward CusR switches on upon sensing copper at the interfacial metal-binding sites in CusS's periplasmic sensor domains, prior to ATP binding and autophosphorylation at CusS's cytoplasmic kinase domain(s). The observed CusS mobilization upon stimulation and its surprisingly early interaction with CusR likely ensure an efficient signal transduction by providing proper conformation and avoiding futile cross talks.
Patterns of Obstruction on DISE in Adults With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Change With BMI.

OBJECTIVES We describe drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) obstruction patterns in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) based on body mass index (BMI). We also evaluate subgroups of patients with clinically significant obstruction patterns at the velopharynx and oropharynx. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review. METHODS Single-institution, retrospective chart review of adults with OSA who underwent DISE with dexmedetomidine sedation from 2016 to 2018. Endoscopic findings were graded using VOTE (Velum, Oropharynx, Tongue base, Epiglottis) classification. Oropharyngeal obstruction was additionally graded with the modifier T when due to palatine tonsil tissue. Findings in patients who had BMI < 25, 25 ≤ BMI < 30, and BMI ≥ 30 were compared. RESULTS One hundred and eleven patients (1 underweight, 23 normal weight, 56 overweight, and 31 obese) were reviewed. Patients with lower BMI were more likely to have more severe obstruction at the level of the tongue base (χ2 = 11.52, P = .021) and epiglottis (χ 2 = 10.56, P = .032). Conversely, patients with higher BMI were more likely to have complete concentric (grade 2C) velum obstruction (χ 2 = 16.04, P < .001) and more severe oropharyngeal obstruction (χ 2 = 9.65, P = .046). Patients with grade 2 oropharyngeal obstruction without tonsil obstruction had more severe concurrent velum obstruction compared to subjects with grade 2 T oropharyngeal obstruction (P = .009). CONCLUSION In adults with OSA, BMI categories have significantly distinct obstruction patterns at all airway levels on DISE, and there appear to be distinct subgroups associated with certain velum and oropharynx collapse patterns. These findings may have important implications for positive airway pressure-alternative treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 131:224-229, 2021.
Elevated plasma free sialic acid levels in individuals with reduced glomerular filtration rates.

N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac, sialic acid) is a negatively charged monosaccharide, and the predominant form of sialic acid in human cells (1). Sialic acid is typically found as the terminal monosaccharide on glycoconjugates, where it plays a role in various physiologic and pathologic interactions (1). Sialylated glycoconjugates are critical contributors to the polyanionic component of the glomerular glycocalyx, contributing to size and charge selectivity for plasma macromolecules (1,2). Podocyte foot process morphology is maintained by the anionic charged sialic acid residues on glycoconjugates in podocyte membranes (2). Free sialic acid is filtered but not reabsorbed by the human kidney, in a fashion similar to that for creatinine (3), but in contrast to the handling of other monosaccharides such as glucose, mannose, galactose, and fructose that are reabsorbed by tubular cells (4). Circulating sialic acid levels, both unbound and bound to glycoconjugates, have only been sporadically studied in different conditions, including some renal disorders (3,5−9); a possible causative link to reduced eGFRs has been seldom discussed or investigated. We designed this study to establish a correlation between eGFR and plasma free sialic acid across a range of subjects with glomerular disorders. This would not only emphasize this often-overlooked aspect of renal filtering of free sialic acid, but also inform our developmental program for glomerular diseases using the sialic acid precursor, N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) (10), which was expected to significantly increase plasma free sialic acid levels in subjects with reduced eGFR. Peripheral blood was obtained from eight subjects enrolled in National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) natural history study 94-DK-0127 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NTC00001392), “Pathogenesis of FSGS,” and from eight subjects enrolled in NIDDK study 16-DK-0036 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02639260), “A Phase 1 Multiple Ascending Dose Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of …
Evaluation of K18- hACE2 Mice as a Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Murine models of SARS-CoV-2 infection are critical for elucidating the biological pathways underlying COVID-19. Because human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, mice expressing the human ACE2 gene have shown promise as a potential model for COVID-19. Five mice from the transgenic mouse strain K18-hACE2 were intranasally inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 Hong Kong/VM20001061/2020. Mice were followed twice daily for 5 days and scored for weight loss and clinical symptoms. Infected mice did not exhibit any signs of infection until day 4, when no other obvious clinical symptoms other than weight loss were observed. By day 5, all infected mice had lost around 10% of their original body weight but exhibited variable clinical symptoms. All infected mice showed high viral titers in the lungs as well as altered lung histology associated with proteinaceous debris in the alveolar space, interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, and alveolar septal thickening. Overall, these results show that the K18-hACE2 transgenic background can be used to establish symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and can be a useful mouse model for COVID-19.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement vs Surgical Replacement in Patients With Pure Aortic Insufficiency

Abstract Objective To compare the outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in patients with pure aortic insufficiency (PAI). Background The treatment of choice for patients with severe symptomatic PAI is SAVR. However, not all patients are candidates for surgery because of comorbidities or are deemed high risk for surgery. As a result, TAVR is being used as an off-label procedure in some patients with PAI. Patients and Methods We analyzed the National Inpatient Sample database from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2017, using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. Inclusion criteria were patients with aortic valve insufficiency undergoing either TAVR or SAVR. Patients with concomitant aortic stenosis, or history of infective endocarditis, and those below the age of 18 years were excluded. Results A total of 14,720 patients with PAI underwent valve replacement. Of those, 6.2% underwent TAVR. The TAVR group was significantly older (median age 78 years vs 64 years; P Conclusion There was no evidence of a significant statistical difference in in-hospital mortality between patients with PAI treated by either SAVR or TAVR, both in unmatched and propensity-matched cohorts. TAVR could be considered for patients with PAI who are not candidates for surgery.
In-season Changes in Ventricular Morphology and Function in Female Youth Athletes Is Not Related to Physical Maturity

The ventricular adaptations to exercise in children are poorly defined, and whether these adaptations are influenced by physical maturity is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in ventricular morphology and function with exercise training in youth athletes, and whether these adaptations were influenced by height velocity. 30 female youth athletes (age 13-18 years) underwent height measurement, Tanner stage determination, and resting 2-D echocardiography immediately prior to, and following, a 20-week outdoor soccer season for …
Discourses about race in the United States: A thematic analysis of short essays

Abstract Conversations around race have come to the forefront of public discourses in the United States with incidents of police brutality leading to movements such as Black Lives Matter and its opposition, All Lives Matter. Although there is substantial psychological literature focusing on racial attitudes and intergroup relations, much of this research is experimental, failing to capture diverse and evolving viewpoints of people in the United States. In the present study, our aim was to understand folk definitions and diverse perspectives about the role of race in the United States in participants’ own words. We thematically analyzed submissions to The Race Card Project (n = 913), a publicly available platform, and responses from a sample of college students describing perspectives on race (n = 1092). A total of 27 identified themes were organized in four domains: opinions about race, race-based interactions, race and identity, and emotions. Opinions about race ranged from color-blind ideology to racial equality, race as divisive or providing community, and excessive focus on race. References were made to historic and current race relations, assumptions based on skin color, prejudice and discrimination, White privilege, and “reverse racism.” These findings contribute to evolving scholarly understanding of race in the United States, with implications for informing initiatives to promote race relations and reduce experiences of discrimination for individuals of color.
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis Complicating Noninfluenza Respiratory Viral Infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.

Background: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is increasingly recognized as a complication of severe influenza and coronavirus disease 2019. The extent to which other respiratory viral infections (RVIs) predispose to IPA is unclear. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of IPA occurring within 90 days of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza, or adenovirus infections (noninfluenza respiratory viral infections [NI-RVIs]) in patients who underwent solid organ transplant between 1/15/2011 and 12/19/2017. Results: At a median post-transplant follow-up of 43.4 months, 221 of 2986 patients (7.4%) developed 255 RSV, parainfluenza, or adenovirus infections. IPA complicating these NI-RVIs was exclusively observed in lung and small bowel transplant recipients, in whom incidence was 5% and 33%, respectively. Cumulative prednisone doses >140mg within 7 days and pneumonia at the time of NI-RVI were independent risk factors for IPA (odds ratio [OR], 22.6; 95% CI, 4.5-112; and OR, 7.2; 95% CI, 1.6-31.7; respectively). Mortality at 180 days following NI-RVI was 27% and 7% among patients with and without IPA, respectively (Pâ =â .04). Conclusions: In conclusion, IPA can complicate RSV, parainfluenza, and adenovirus infection in lung and small bowel transplant recipients. Future research is needed on the epidemiology of IPA complicating various RVIs. In the interim, physicians should be aware of this complication.
Examining Relationship-Level Predictors of Individual-Level Health in Long Distance Relationships:

Long distance relationships (LDR) are increasingly common, particularly among postsecondary students. The geographic separation inherent in LDR, and related relationship factors, may have implicati...
Reversal of Fortune: Upstream Contractors’ Victory in Summit is Short-Lived

On February 26, 2009, a three-judge panel in the Eighth Circuit defeated an Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (“OSHRC”) decision overriding the Secretary of Labor’s (“Secretary”) multi-employer worksite policy for issuing citations. The reversed decision had potential to significantly reduce general contractors’ liability for safety violations on a multi-employer worksite. Instead, the Eighth Circuit returned the Secretary’s ability to cite multiple employers for a single violation, leaving many general contractors frustrated that their efforts protesting the unfairness of the multi-employer worksite doctrine have been rendered futile.
Introduction to signal processing using the SPC toolbox

We discuss interactive software developed to complement the teaching of digital signal processing (DSP) concepts in various courses taught by the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the Naval Postgraduate School. The SPC software was designed to facilitate the implementation of signal processing concepts learned in the classroom and to illustrate their advantages and drawbacks. The MATLAB Version 4 environment is used to take advantage of the graphical user interface capabilities. SPC is a window-based, user-friendly tool that allows the user to develop digital filters, analyze signals, and easily design basic signal modeling tools. >