cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Academic Strategies That Work for Gifted Students With Learning Disabilities

develop competence in an area of inquiry; they must understand facts and ideas in the context of a conceptual framework, and they must organize knowledge in ways that facilitate retrieval and application.  A metacognitive approach to instruction can help students learn to take control of their own learning by defining learning goals and monitoring their progress in achieving them. (pp. 1-2) These three principles are essential
G Protein Regulation of Vesicular Transport Through the Exocytic Pathway

A central problem in cell biology is to understand the molecular basis for the transport of itinerant soluble and membrane-associated macromolecules through multiple compartments of the exocytic and endocytic pathways of eukaryotic cells. Transport involves a multiplicity of components which facilitate the formation of coat protein complexes leading to vesicle budding, and protein complexes involved in vesicle targeting and fusion to downstream compartments. Many gene products involved have been identified through genetic studies in yeast (reviewed in Hicke and Schekman, 1990) and through biochemical approaches (reviewed in Balch, 1990b; Mellman and Simon, 1992; Rothman, 1992), although an understanding of the enyzmological mechanisms involved are largely unknown.
Eight Domains of Pet-Owner Wellness: Implications for Counselors and Counselor Training

Abstract Eight domains of pet-owner wellness were established through the use of consensual qualitative research, these were: (1) emotional and physical nurturance, (2) sense of family, (3) sense of responsibility and purpose, (4) friendship or companionship, (5) social interaction and connections, (6) personal values and/or spiritual meaning, (7) fun and play, and (8) physical health. These domains clarify potential positive and negative impacts of pet ownership on pet owners. Additionally, these domains suggest areas for possible inquiry by counselors working with clients who are owners of pets. Valuing the owner-pet relationship in the counseling process can assist counselors to better understand and convey empathy to clients.
Features of shock-induced panel flutter in three-dimensional inviscid flow

Abstract Oblique shockwaves may impinge on supersonic vehicles internally in an engine or externally on the outer mold line. They create a severe loading environment and may induce dynamic instabilities such as panel flutter. This study computationally explores the effect of shock-induced panel flutter response in 3D, inviscid, Mach 2 flow. Flutter behavior of a square panel is compared across several incident shock angles and inflow dynamic pressures. The presence of an impinging shockwave is found to produce panel flutter that is characteristically different than the shock-free condition. The response contains significantly larger local pressure gradients, larger spanwise variations, and higher-order modal activity in the panel. Results are also compared to two-dimensional inviscid flow over an infinite-span panel. The 3D centerline is found to compare closely with 2D simulations. However, away from the centerline, 3D effects have a significant influence on the solution. In general, stronger oblique shockwaves raise flutter amplitude and frequency, while weaker shockwaves stabilize the panel response. These latter findings indicate important considerations for both structural lifing and flow control applications.
Dry Sliding of Nitrided NiTiHf

AbstractThe unlubricated friction and wear properties of the superelastic material NiTiHf, treated by either gas nitriding or plasma nitriding, have been investigated. Pin-on-disk testing of the studied materials was performed at sliding speeds from 0.01 to 1 m/s at normal loads of 1, 5, or 10 N. For all of the studied friction pairs (NiTiHf pins vs. nitrided disks) over the given parameters, the steady-state coefficients of friction varied from 0.7 to 1.6, and those of the control (NiTiHf on NiTiHf) varied from 0.5 to 1.2. Pin wear factors ranged from approximately 10−6 against the NiTiHf and plasma-nitrided disks to approximately 10−4 for the gas-nitrided disks. The plasma-nitrided disks provided wear protection in several cases and tended to wear by adhesion. The gas-nitrided treatment generated the most pin wear but essentially no disk wear except under the most severe of the studied conditions (1 N load and 1 m/s sliding speed). The results of this study are expected to provide guidance for design of...
Endoscopic Management of Postradiation Dysphagia in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review.

Objectives:To systematically review the success rate and safety profile of the available endoscopic surgical options for radiation-induced dysphagia in head and neck cancer patients following organ...
Analog Neurons with Dopamine-Modulated STDP

Neuron circuits embedded with dopamine-modulated spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) are described in this paper. The circuit functions are discussed in detail with HSPICE simulations. This work explores a possible learning process including short-term STDP and longer-term dopamine reward in neuromorphic systems including a noisy synapse that initiates and influences learning.
Invertebrate Olfactory Receptors

Synopsis To detect salient chemical signals in the environment, invertebrates have evolved diverse but highly effective mechanisms for odorant detection. The majority of our understanding of invertebrate olfactory receptors comes from the model organisms Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, but emerging tools in genetics and molecular biology have enabled insights into those of several non-model invertebrates. In this chapter, we'll examine the body of knowledge surrounding the molecular evolution, structure/function relationship, and behavioral implications of olfactory receptors across a range of invertebrate species.
The Robotic Surgery Learning Experience Through the Eyes of the Medical Student: What Do They See?

INTRODUCTION Robotic technology has an increasing prevalence in the operating room across various specialties. How this technology influences the learning of medical students has yet to be identified. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of robotic surgery on medical student learning in the operating room. METHODS Medical students at the Medical College of Wisconsin who had completed their core clinical clerkships and were exposed to robotic surgery qualified for the study. An email survey was sent to all fourth year medical students requesting volunteers to be interviewed. During the 30-minute interviews, students responded to open-ended questions about their experiences with robotic surgery. The interviews were transcribed, codes were identified using an inductive approach, and themes were generated. RESULTS Overall 10 interviews were conducted: 4 females and 6 males. No new themes were identified after the seventh interview. Through the medical student interviews, 4 themes emerged regarding the influence of robotic surgery on medical student learning: the robot itself, enhanced learning through the robotic technology, the medical student learning experience, and how others influence the medical student learning environment. CONCLUSIONS The robotic operating room is not currently a motivating learning environment for medical students. However, by providing a more effective curriculum for students, incorporating elements of orientation, legitimate roles of participation, and simulation, students may gain a learning benefit from this technology versus avoiding the technology altogether. Additionally, it is important to educate faculty and residents on better ways to incorporate students into the robotic operating room environment to ensure an optimal learning experience.
Imaging modalities and management of prenatally diagnosed suprarenal masses: an updated literature review and the experience at a high volume Fetal Treatment Center.

Background/purpose: The differential diagnosis for prenatal suprarenal masses (SRMs) is broad and includes neuroblastoma, adrenal hemorrhage, and subdiaphragmatic extralobar pulmonary sequestration...
Single-port robotic partial and radical nephrectomies for renal cortical tumors: initial clinical experience

To describe our institution’s initial experience with radical (RN) and partial nephrectomy (PN) using the SP robotic system. The recent FDA approval of the da Vinci® SP robotic platform has led to its use in minimally invasive approaches to urologic malignancies. There are little data on its feasibility and safety after implementation for radical and partial nephrectomy. All patients who underwent PN or RN using the SP system at our institution were reviewed. All PNs were performed off-clamp. Patient demographics, preoperative imaging, operative approaches, and perioperative outcomes were collected and analyzed. Sixteen patients underwent PN (n = 13) or RN (n = 3) utilizing the SP robotic system between January 2019 and June 2019. Average age was 58.6 ± 13.9 and 61.0 ± 1.7 years in each group, respectively. A retroperitoneal approach was performed in 7 (53.8%) PN patients and 1 (33.3%) RN patient. A transperitoneal approach was performed in 6 (46.1%) PNs and 2 (66.7%) RNs. Mean operative time and median estimated blood loss for PN was 176.9 ± 64.0 min and 200 (50–800) ml compared to 176.3 ± 73.8 min and 50 (50–400) ml for RN. There was one operative conversion (7.7%) to an open approach in the PN group. Length of hospital stay postoperatively averaged 1.9 ± 1.3 days and 3.3 ± 1.2 days for patients undergoing partial and radical nephrectomy, respectively. SP partial and radical nephrectomies through transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches appear to be feasible surgical techniques in the management of cortical renal masses. Off-clamp PN is also a feasible approach using the SP system. However, further study is needed to establish its safety and use in renal surgery across multiple institutions and larger patient cohorts.
Twixt Wind and Waves: A First-Person Account of the Early Years of the Study of Oceanic Whitecaps

While describing my own field and laboratory research on oceanic, and fresh-water, whitecaps, I have tried to provide in this chapter a global over-view touching on the work that many of the other researchers on this topic conducted in the last third of the twentieth century and in the early years of the current century. In approaching this task, I have chosen to describe my personal introduction to air-sea interaction research for those who will be interested in how one embarked on such a career in the early 1960 s.
Evaluation of row covers for yield performance of the leafy green vegetables in organic management system

Row covers are gaining interest in crop production for their potential to protect crops from insect pests, frost, increase soil as well as air temperature, and extend growing season, thus producing higher crop yield. However, research on the performance of green leafy vegetables grown under row cover in organic management system is scarce. This paper reports result of field trials conducted on the growth and yield responses of leafy greens in row covers grown in organic production system at the Tennessee State University organic farm. Performance of three row covers, including insect net, Agribon cloth, and plastic, was evaluated relative to control (without row cover) in four leafy greens; lettuce, kale, swiss chard, and collard in spring 2018 and 2019 seasons and data were collected on soil temperature, insect damage, plant height, leaf number, and fresh weight. Results showed that fresh weight per plant significantly (P < 0.05) increased under Agribon cloth in kale, swiss chard, and collard, while lettuce produced significantly higher yield under insect net relative to control (open) in 2018 research trial. In 2019, there were significantly (P < 0.05) higher fresh weight per plant of swiss chard and collard under plastic, while lettuce produced significantly higher under Agribon cloth and kale under insect net compared with control. These results suggested that row covers enhanced crop yields due to increased plant growth associated with reduced insect damage and favorable microclimate. Thus, row covers is a viable option in sustainable production of leafy greens for organic vegetable growers.
Exploring variability in rangeland soil organic carbon stocks across California (USA) using a voluntary monitoring network

Abstract Rangelands are an economically and ecologically important land type that make up more than 40% of California's land area. Protecting and, where appropriate, increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks across these rangelands can help to promote on-site and public ecosystem services including forage production and climate change mitigation. A necessary step toward appropriately and effectively stewarding SOC is understanding baseline variability in SOC stocks and identifying how that variability relates to factors such as climate, soil texture, and topography. While these relationships have been examined at broader spatial scales and in other contexts, analysis for California's rangelands remains lacking. We leveraged a voluntary ecological monitoring program consisting of 45 working ranches to explore how SOC varies with geographic distance, climate, vegetation, soil type, and topography within and across three regions of California. We found that there was large variability in soil C stocks across the state, with the Central Coast region storing more SOC than the San Joaquin and Sacramento Valleys. Network-wide, SOC stocks ranged from 4.83 to 63.54 Mg ha−1 for 0–10 cm depth and 12.15–205.37 Mg ha−1 for 0–40 cm depth. As hypothesized, climate was the strongest predictor of SOC stocks across the entire network, and in general other predictor groups became more important at the regional level. Within each region, we found on average a sixfold difference in SOC stocks, with much of the variation unexplained by the predictor variables included. While some differences in SOC likely result from unaccounted variables such as soil mineralogy, conceivably some of the variation is also due to differences in past and current land use—indicating that there is potential to rebuild SOC through management.
A unifying perspective on linear continuum equations prevalent in science. Part II: Canonical forms for time-harmonic equations

Following some past advances, we reformulate a large class of linear continuum science equations in the format of the extended abstract theory of composites so that we can apply this theory to better understand and efficiently solve those equations. Here in part II we elucidate the form for many time-harmonic equations that do not involve higher order gradients.
Educational Attainment and Satisfaction With the Healthcare System: Racial Variation

Background: As shown by Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs), ethnic minorities show weaker than expected effects of education level on health outcomes. However, this pattern is better demonstrated for health behaviors and health care utilization than satisfaction with care. Additionally, more is known about MDRs in African Americans than the Latino population. Thus, there is a need to study MDRs of education on healthcare satisfaction in highly educated African American and Latino individuals. Objectives: We tested ethnic differences in the association between education level and satisfaction with healthcare among American adults. Methods: The National Health Interview Survey (2015) included 24,835 adults who were Latino, non-Latino, African American, or White. The independent variable was education level. The dependent variable was satisfaction with healthcare. Age, gender, marital status, employment, region, physical health (self-rated health, and chronic diseases, body mass index), and mental health (psychological distress) were the covariates. Ethnicity was the moderator. Logistic regression was used for data analysis. Results: Higher education level was associated with higher satisfaction with healthcare in White but not African Americans. In the pooled sample, African American ethnicity showed a significant statistical interaction with education level suggesting a significantly smaller effect of high educational attainment on satisfaction with healthcare for African Americans than White adults. A similar interaction could not be found for Latino ethnicity, suggesting that education similarly enhances healthcare satisfaction for Latino and non-Latino adults. Conclusion: High education level boosts satisfaction with healthcare for Whites but not African Americans.
Health status among NEET adolescents and young adults in the United States, 2016-2018.

Abstract Adolescents and young adults not employed or in education/training (NEET) could be at higher risk of adverse health outcomes. Approximately 4.6 million Americans aged between 16 and 24 fall in this group. However, differences in health between NEET and non-NEET population remain unaddressed. This study examines the association of NEET status and poor/fair self-reported health status (SRH), among adolescents and young adults in the United States. Data for this study come from the 2016–2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Our analytical sample consisted of 53,690 respondents. We used logistic regression models to investigate the association between NEET and health status in the United States, while controlling for potential covariates. Approximately 14% of our analytical sample was classified as NEET. NEET report poor/fair health status at higher rates than their counterparts who remained in school and/or had a job (11.30% vs. 5.62%). The NEET population was older, had a higher proportion of non-Hispanic Blacks, engaged in more smoking but in less alcohol drinking than non-NEET. In our initial model, NEET were more likely report poor/fair SRH than their non-NEET counterparts (OR = 2.14; p
Protecting Against Delinquency in Early Adolescence With Nonverbal Intelligence and Neighborhood Social Capital

The goal of this study was to test nonverbal intelligence and neighborhood social capital as protective factors against future delinquency in early adolescent youth placed at risk by virtue of thei...
A case of primary cardiac angiosarcoma with surgical resection and reconstruction

Abstract We report a 52-year-old man with primary cardiac angiosarcoma. He was referred to our hospital with a 3-month history of facial swelling and peripheral edema. Echocardiography and chest computed tomography revealed massive pericardial effusion and a right atrial tumor with a broad base at atrial septum which was extended into superior vena cava. We performed complete resection of the tumor and reconstruction of left atrium, atrial septum, right atrium, and superior vena cava with autologous pericardium and bovine pericardium. Histological examination exhibited angiosarcoma and a sign of radical excision. The patient, who made an uneventful recovery, was given postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy for liver metastasis 4 months postoperatively. The patient remains well without any signs of other metastasis for 2 years. We consider that an aggressive approach to resection with extensive reconstruction and multidisciplinary treatment can improve survival. Learning objective: Primary cardiac angiosarcoma is the most common primary malignant heart tumor with poor prognosis. We report a case of a 52-year-old man with primary cardiac angiosarcoma. We performed complete resection of the tumor and reconstruction of left atrium, atrial septum, right atrium, and superior vena cava with autologous pericardium and bovine pericardium. We think aggressive surgical resection with reconstruction is a feasible option.
Social Failure in Students with ASD during Libyan Civil War-2: Challenges and Recommendations

Social failure and anxiety can lead to social confusion or challenging behaviors in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) if they don't receive appropriate support. This paper focuses on special education teachers and students with ASD in Libya. Libya challenges in supporting individuals with low incidence disabilities. As one of the consequences of the Libyan Civil War 2, the Libyan Government of National Accord (GNA) could not assist individuals with special needs including those with ASD because of many obstacles. However, the Libyan Ministry of Education's Department tried to include special needs into the country's education system (Alshahid, 2018). Regarding my experience working with these individuals in Libya, I found that teachers and parents challenge teaching the necessary social skills to children and adolescents with ASD. Bellini (2008) confirms that individuals with ASD have difficulties with social skills that may interpret how they process social information or social cognition. To serve these individuals effectively, Libyan special education teachers need to be well prepared to implement some useful interventions. Being a successful special education teacher in one of the developing countries is not easy. Libyan special education teachers should be enrolled in different professional developments to support students with ASD significantly.
Overview of CT and MRI techniques of the liver

This chapter provides an illustrative practical overview of the utility of most CT and MRI techniques used for the clinical evaluation of the liver.
Mechanisms of Kindling in Developing Animals

Kindling was first demonstrated by Goddard and his colleagues in the late 1960s (1,2) and has since become an important animal model of partial epilepsy with secondary generalization. Kindling is most commonly achieved with the administration of repeated local subconvulsive electrical stimulations which eventually lead to the development of generalized seizures. Chemical kindling can also be demonstrated with a variety of convulsant drugs (pentylenetetrazol, lidocaine, cocaine, penicillin and carbachol) administered at subconvulsive doses (3–10). Irrespective of the type of stimulus used for the kindling process, kindling progresses in a predictable manner. The initial stimulus results in a brief focal electrical seizure or afterdischarge (AD) in the absence of any behavioral manifestations. Gradually, as the behavioral manifestations become more apparent, the ADs intensify and increase in duration. Once established, the kindling effect persists for several months suggesting that it produces permanent changes in the brain (2).
Differential dependence of herpes simplex virus immediate-early gene expression on de novo-infected cell protein synthesis.

Abstract The time course of accumulation of herpes simplex virus immediate-early (IE) mRNA and the requirement for infected cell protein synthesis for mRNA transcription and accumulation were compared. Measurements of transcription in nuclear run-on assays, accumulation of cytoplasmic mRNA by Northern (RNA) blot hybridization, and rates of infected cell protein synthesis by pulse-labeling did not indicate differences among the five IE gene, consistent with previous studies. However, as a result of varying the amount of de novo protein synthesis after infection, at least three patterns of maximal expression of the IE genes were revealed. Addition of the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin to cells coincident with infection resulted in maximal rates of transcription and accumulation of functional ICP0 mRNA, while 0.5 h of infected cell protein synthesis prior to addition of the drug was required for maximal expression of ICP22/47 and ICP27 mRNAs. Maximal expression of ICP4 mRNA occurred only when 1 h of de novo protein synthesis occurred prior to the addition of the drug. These results are discussed in the context of alternative mechanisms for regulating IE gene expression.
AUTOMATIC SECTION THICKNESS DETERMINATION USING AN ABSOLUTE GRADIENT FOCUS FUNCTION

Quantitative analysis of microstructures using computerized stereology systems is an essential tool in many disciplines of bioscience research. Section thickness determination in current non-automated approaches requires manual location of upper and lower surfaces of tissue sections. In contrast to conventional autofocus functions that locate the optimally focused optical plane using the global maximum on a focus curve, the present study identified by two sharp “knees” on the focus curve as the transition from unfocused to focused optical planes. Analysis of fourteen gray-scale focus functions showed, the thresholded absolute gradient function, was best for finding detectable bends that closely correspond to the bounding optical planes at the upper and lower tissue surfaces. Modifications to this function generated four novel functions that outperformed the original. The “modified absolute gradient count” function outperformed all others with an average error of 0.56 μm on a test set of images similar to the training set; and, an average error of 0.39 μm on a test set comprised of images captured from a different case, i.e., different staining methods on a different brain region from a different subject rat. We describe a novel algorithm that allows for automatic section thickness determination based on just out-of-focus planes, a prerequisite for fully automatic computerized stereology.
Selling & Sales Management in Action: Why Do Salespeople Fail?

(1989). Selling & Sales Management in Action: Why Do Salespeople Fail? Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 59-64.
Model-based software testing and verification panel at COMPSAC 2005, Edinburgh, July 26-28

While research into model based testing and verification (MSTV) is almost as old as the field of Computer Science, there has been a recent surge in the application and evaluation of MSTV technologies. MSTV has found takers in the embedded systems such as those found in medical devices, engine controllers, plant controllers, and mobile devices. The current panel is organized to focus on the successes of MSTV, its strengths, and its shortcomings. The panel will focus on the following in the context of MSTV: 1) what is "Model based testing and verification"?; 2) state-of-the-art and state-of-practice; 3) economic benefits; 4) strengths and weaknesses; and 5) research directions.
Epistaxis: Evaluation and Treatment

Epistaxis, or nosebleed, is a common disorder that many patients will experience. Most patients go to the emergency room when they have an uncontrolled nosebleed, or they may present to an outpatient office. Most nosebleeds are not life-threatening and can be managed conservatively. Occasionally, hospital admission, referral to an otolaryngologist physician, and/or blood transfusion may be necessary. This article is an update on the latest information related to the prevention, causes, and treatment of epistaxis.
An Integrative Approach to Species-Level Systematics Reveals the Depth of Diversification in an Andean Thamnophilid, the Long-Tailed Antbird

Abstract. The geographic range of the Long-tailed Antbird (Drymophila caudata) extends from the Paria Mountains of Venezuela south through the Andes to northern Bolivia, a geographic and elevational distribution unique in the antbirds (Thamnophilidae). Plumage variation among most populations is not obvious, and although eight subspecies have been described, half have been synonymized. We took a multidimensional approach to reexamining the taxonomy of the complex. We identified lineages by evaluating divergence in mtDNA, and defined study groups within them to take into account previously described plumage differences. We then assessed the taxonomic status of principal lineages and study groups by comparing vocal differences among them to established taxonomic “yardsticks” for thamnophilid antbirds. Finally, we related taxa to the ecology of the regions in which they occur. The outcomes revealed substantial diversification, sufficient for recognition of four species, three restricted to the north and one ...
Black hole entropy, curved space and monsters

We investigate the microscopic origin of black hole entropy, in particular the gap between the maximum entropy of ordinary matter and that of black holes. Using curved space, we construct configurations with entropy greater than the area A of a black hole of equal mass. These configurations have pathological properties and we refer to them as monsters. When monsters are excluded we recover the entropy bound on ordinary matter S<A3/4. This bound implies that essentially all of the microstates of a semiclassical black hole are associated with the growth of a slightly smaller black hole which absorbs some additional energy. Our results suggest that the area entropy of black holes is the logarithm of the number of distinct ways in which one can form the black hole from ordinary matter and smaller black holes, but only after the exclusion of monster states.
On-die supply-inducecd jitter behavioral modeling

This paper describes a simple, yet efficient supply-induced jitter modeling methodology for high-speed I/O circuits. The proposed model uses the average supply noise and a linear factor derived from Spice simulations to estimate the jitter for a circuit block. For circuits with bias voltages, the transfer function of the biasing network is included. The model is implemented in Simulink and closely correlated with Spice simulations. The modeling accuracy is further validated to be within ±15% of the silicon measurement for the period jitter of a ring oscillator. The jitter modeling technique is applied to multiple memory I/O designs and can be extended to other high-speed interface designs and their timing budgeting.
Simulations of the Monthly Mean Atmosphere for February 1976 with the GISS Model

Monthly mean simulations of the global atmosphere were computed for February 1976 with the GISS model from observed initial conditions. In a replication experiment, two of these computations generated slightly different monthly mean states, apparently due to the schedule of interruptions on the computer. The root-mean-square errors of replication over the Northern Hemisphere were found to be about 2 mb, 20 m, and 1 K for sea-level pressure, 500 mb height, and 850 mb temperature, respectively. The monthly mean 500 mb forecast results for February 1976 over the Northern Hemisphere were consistent with those from earlier GISS model experiments.
Guided electromagnetic waves in a periodically nonuniform tunnel

A boundary value analysis is outlined for the transmission in a circular tunnel that contains a thin axial conductor. The series impedance of the latter is allowed to vary in a periodic fashion throughout its length. Simplifications of the formal mode equation are achieved by invoking quasi-static conditions used in previous studies. It is shown that the axial nonuniformity can be represented approximately as a modification of the series impedance of the equivalent transmission line of the composite tunnel structure.
ON A STOCHASTIC ALGORITHM FOR SENSOR SCHEDULING

Abstract A stochastic algorithm for solving the sensor selection problem is presented. The problem arises when many sensors are jointly trying to estimate a process but only a subset of them can take measurements at any time step. The proposed stochastic sensor selection strategy is easy to implement and is computationally tractable. The algorithm is illustrated through simple examples of sensor scheduling and dynamic sensor coverage.
Zinc status of women with low bone mineral density who receive calcium supplements.

We evaluated whether a daily high-dose calcium supplement perturbs the zinc status in 23 postmenopausal women (mean age: 63yr) with low bone mineral density. Plasma and erythrocyte zinc concentrations, plasma bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) and 5′-nucleotidase activities, and urinary zinc and calcium excretion were determined first at the end of 4 wk of daily oral calcium (1200 mg) and were measured again at the end of the subsequent 4 wk of daily cosupplementation with calcium (1200 mg) and zinc (30 mg). Mean plasma and erythrocyte zinc concentrations after 4 wk of calcium alone were not significantly different from concentrations after cosupplementation of calcium and zinc. Mean plasma BSAP activities before cosupplementation with zinc was significantly higher than that after zinc (p<0.02), whereas plasma 5′-nucleotidase activities were not affected by zinc supplementation. Urinary zinc excretion slightly, but significantly, increased after the supplementation of zinc (p<0.05), whereas calcium excretion remained similar. Our data indicate that a 4-wk zinc supplementation did not significantly improve zinc status. Although limited by the small sample size and short study duration, our data suggest that a daily calcium dose of 1200 mg had no effect on the zinc status of our subjects.
Noneikonal effects in spin-dependent proton-nucleus interactions

Abstract Simple expressions are derived for the non-eikonal corrections to the Glauber diffraction approximation for the proton-nucleus scattering amplitudes, with the spin dependence of the proton-nucleon amplitudes taken into account. As an example, we study the numerical importance of these corrections for elastic p 58 Ni scattering at 800 MeV.
Fine structure of neurons of the arcuate nucleus and median eminence of the hypothalamus of the golden hamster following immobilization.

The fine structure of arcuate neurons of the arcuate nucleus, the ependymal tanycytes and the contact zone of the median eminence was examined following immobilization, an acute stress which significantly activated the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Arcuate neurons of immobilized adult male hamsters displayed morphological indications of heightened activity; the number of lysosomes and dense core vesicles (80–120 nm) was increased. A markedly greater number of dense core vesicles was present in axon terminals of the contact zone of the mid-central median eminence and the ventral proximal stalk.
Effect of optical aberrations on laser speckle

The output speckle statistics are affected by deterministic aberrations present in an imaging system when the speckle is only partially developed. The speckle-power spectral density and intensity contrast are shown to depend on these aberrations. The rough target surface is modeled as a perfectly transmitting (reflecting) surface with uniform phase distribution over (−α, α), where α ≤ π. The effects of the type and severity of the primary aberrations on the normalized power spectral density and intensity contrast are examined.
Victor or Villain? Wernher von Braun and the Space Race.

Set during the Cold War and space race, this historical role-play focuses on Wernher von Braun's involvement in and culpability for the use of slave laborers to produce V-2 rockets for Nazi Germany. Students will grapple with two central questions. Should von Braun have been allowed to emigrate to the United States given his affiliation with the Nazis and use of slave laborers? Should the U.S. government and military have put Braun in powerful positions in NASA and military programs? This activity encourages students to hone their critical thinking skills as they consider and debate a complex, multi-layered historical scenario. Students also have opportunity to articulate persuasive arguments either for or against von Braun. Each character sketch includes basic information, but additional references are included for teachers and students who want a more in depth background.
New opportunities in toxicology in the post-genomic era.

'Toxicogenomics will have a profound impact on toxicology, drug development and the practice of medicine.'
Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Organ Transplantation: An Emerging Threat with Limited Therapeutic Options

Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are an emerging threat in solid organ transplantation (SOT). The changing epidemiology of these MDROs is reviewed along with the growing evidence regarding risk factors and outcomes associated with both colonization and infection in SOT. The management of these infections is complicated by the lack of antimicrobial agents available to treat these infections, and only a handful of new agents, especially for the treatment of MDR GNR infections, are being evaluated in clinical trials. Due to the increased prevalence of MDROs and limited treatment options, as well as organ shortages, transplant candidacy and use of organs from donors with evidence of MDRO colonization and/or infection remain controversial. Increasing collaboration between transplant programs, individual practitioners, infection control programs, and researchers in antimicrobial development will be needed to face this challenge.
Measuring Web performance in the wide area

One of the most vexing questions facing researchers interested in the World Wide Web is why users often experience long delays in document retrieval. The Internet's size, complexity, and continued growth make this a difficult question to answer. We describe the Wide Area Web Measurement project (WAWM) which uses an infrastructure distributed across the Internet to study Web performance. The infrastructure enables simultaneous measurements of Web client performance, network performance and Web server performance. The infrastructure uses a Web traffic generator to create representative workloads on servers, and both active and passive tools to measure performance characteristics. Initial results based on a prototype installation of the infrastructure are presented in this paper.
Mesolamellar thiogermanates [CnH2n + 1NH3]4Ge4S10

The mesostructured lamellar phases with the general formula [C n H 2 n + 1 NH 3 ] 4 Ge 4 S 10 ( n = 12, 14, 16, 18) were synthesized by metathesis of alkyl ammonium chloride surfactants and Na 4 Ge 4 S 10 in aqueous medium. The crystal structures of the phases with n = 12 and 14 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction; [C 12 H 13 NH 3 ] 4 Ge 4 S 10 crystallizes in monoclinic C2/c space group ( a = 16.149(3), b = 46.576(9) c = 9.147(2) A, β = 97.13(3)° and Z = 4) and [C 14 H 29 NH 3 ] 4 Ge 4 S 10 in the triclinic P 1 ¯ space group ( a = 9.1280(6), b = 16.1992(1), c = 26.971(2) A, α =73.370(1)°, β = 88.307(1)°, γ = 82.825(1)° and Z = 2). These compounds possess layers of adamantane [Ge 4 S 10 ] 4− anions separated by layers of deeply interpenetrated long chain alkylammonium molecules. Strong hydrogen bonding is observed between the terminal sulfur atoms of the [Ge 4 S 10 ] 4− clusters and H atoms of the NH 3 groups of the surfactant molecules. Spectroscopic and thermal characterization of these compounds is reported.
Fluorescence microscopic morphometry of functioning blood vessels and adrenergic nerves in myocardium

The purpose of this study was to quantify the percent volume of actively functioning blood vessels in five dogs subjected to ligation of the left anterior descending artery and to localize catecholamine-containing nerve terminals in the same tissue blocks. Radioactive microspheres were injected to determine the extent of flow reduction in the ischemic zone. After 1 or 3 hr of occlusion, thioflavin-S (0.125 ml/Kg of a 4% solution) was injected intravenously 15 sec prior to removal of the heart. Tissue samples were reacted with paraformaldehyde to visualize catecholamine-containing nerve terminals prior to embedding in paraffin. The percent volume of blood vessels labeled with thioflavin-S was quantitated in tissue sections using a point-counting technique in which a small dot from a video screen was projected through an image-projecting tube and moved by computer control over the image of the fluorescent tissue. In the nonischemic zone, the mean blood flow determined by the microsphere technique was 1.29 ml/min/g ± 0.48 (SD), and the mean volume percent of thioflavin-labeled vessels was 12.67 ± 3.30. In the ischemic and border zone areas, there was wide range of flow reduction, and there was a significant correlation between the blood flow measured with microspheres and the percent volume of thioflavin-labeled blood vessels (R = 0.80, P < 0.001). In the nonischemic zone, both blood vessels and catecholamine-containing nerve terminals were visible; however, in the ischemic zone, few labeled vessels were seen, although nerve terminals were often present. A method has been presented here in which blood flow can be predicted microscopically in a small sample of tissue using a unique method of point counting of fluorescent tissue sections.
Changing Motor Patterns in Cerebral Palsy

SUMMARY Three patients are reported in whom athetosis became an increasing problem late in childhood. Both a traumatic birth history and a preceding motor deficit were well defined in each case. This report emphasizes the concept that a brain injury incurred at birth may worsen or alter its clinical expression late in the first or early in the second decade. The differential diagnosis and theories of the mechanism for such an evolution are discussed. Resume Modifications de Vorganisation motrice dans Vinfirmite motrice cerebrale Les auteurs rapportent le cas de trois enfants dont l'athetose s'aggrava tardivement durant l'enfance. Dans chaque cas, le traumatisme a la naissance et le bilan avait pu etre defini auparavant avec precision. Cette etude montre qu'une lesion cerebrale a la naissance peut s'aggraver ou du moins entrainer une expression clinique plus severe a la fin de la premiere decade ou au debut de la seconde. Le diagnostic differentiel et les theories explicatives de cette evolution sont discutees. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Vertanderungen im motorischen Verhalten bei der Cerebralen Lahmung Es wird uber drei Patienten berichtet, bei denen in der spateren Kindheit eine Athetose zum wachsenden Problem wurde. Sowohl ein Geburtstrauma als auch vorhergehende motorische Ausfalle waren in jedem Fall gesichert. Es ist die Absicht dieses Berichtes, die Auffassung zu betonen, das eine bei der Geburt erworbene Hirnverletzung ihre Sympto-matik in der spaten ersten oder der fruhen zweiten Dekade verschlechtern oder andern kann. Die Differentialdiagnose und die theoretischen MOglichkeiten einer solchen Entwicklung werden besprochen. RESUMEN Esquemas motores cambiantes en la paralisis cerebral Se descibren tres pacientes en los que la atetosis constituyo un problema progresivo en un perfodo avanzado de la edad infantil. Estaban bien definidos en cada caso una historia de parto traumatico y un deficit motor anterior. El proposito de esta comunicacion es poner de relieve el concepto de que una lesion cerebral en el parto puede empeorar o alterar su expression clinica, posteriormente a lo largo de la primera o segunda decada. Se discuten el diagnostico diferencial y las teorias del mecanismo de tal evolution.
The Werner syndrome gene product co-purifies with the DNA replication complex and interacts with PCNA and topoisomerase I.

Werner syndrome (WS) is a recessive disorder characterized by genomic instability and by the premature onset of a number of age-related diseases. To understand the molecular basis of this disease, we deleted a segment of the murine Wrn gene and created Wrn-deficient embryonic stem (ES) cells. At the molecular level, wild type—but not mutant—WS protein co-purifies through a series of centrifugation, chromatography, and sucrose gradient steps with the well characterized 17 S multiprotein DNA replication complex. Furthermore, wild type WS protein co-immunoprecipitates with a prominent component of the multiprotein replication complex, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).In vitro studies also indicate that PCNA binds to a region in the N terminus portion of the WS protein containing a potential 3′-5′ exonuclease domain. Finally, human WS protein also co-immunoprecipitates with both PCNA and topoisomerase I. These results suggest that the WS protein interacts with several components of the DNA replication fork.
A quantitative view on how RFID can improve inventory management in a supply chain

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) as an emerging technology has generated an enormous amount of interest in the supply chain arena. There are a number of theoretical advantages of RFID technology. Inventory can be tracked more accurately in real time, resulting in reduced processing time and labour. More significantly, the complete visibility of accurate inventory data throughout the entire supply chain, from the manufacturing shop floor to warehouses to retail stores, brings opportunities for transformation and improvement in various processes of the supply chain. In this study, we investigate how these advantages can be utilised to improve the inventory performance of a supply chain. We identify the relevant results in the existing supply chain literature, and model the impact of RFID using computer simulation when we cannot find existing results. Our study provides a comprehensive view and some new insights on the potential benefits of RFID in terms of inventory reduction and service level improvement.
Capturing the adaptive mutation in yeast.

Abstract An accurate view of adaptive mutations is essential to evolutionary genetics, but their rarity makes them difficult to study. This can be partially overcome using the many tools of yeast genetics and the ability to study very large populations over many generations. Adaptation to laboratory environments has occurred primarily by chromosomal rearrangements, often involving retrotransposons and apparently selected for their effects on gene regulation. Estimated rates of adaptive mutation are on the order of 1 in 10 11 cell divisions. There remains great potential for the genomic study of variation within yeast species to contribute to our understanding of adaptive mutation.
Incorporation of drying oils into emulsion polymers for use in low-VOC architectural coatings

Abstract The use of vegetable oil macromonomers (VOMMs) as co-monomers in emulsion polymerization enables good film formation without the use of traditional coalescing solvents which constitute volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, the allylic protons associated with the fatty acid double bonds can result in extensive chain transfer, reduced rates of polymerization, and potential gel content. Different vegetable oils were derivatized to yield their respective VOMMs which were subsequently polymerized into latexes with conventional (meth)acrylate monomers. The degree of ambient crosslinking was related to the extent of chain transfer for the various vegetable oils. The retention of VOMM unsaturation depended on reaction temperature, and the greatest variability between high and low temperatures was exhibited by the linseed oil macromonomer (the highest level of unsaturation). Lower reaction temperatures minimized the negative impact of the chain transfer reactions, yielding latexes with higher molecular weights and greater retention of allylic unsaturation. Core–shell polymers were characterized by bimodal particle size distribution indicating that the presence of VOMM-rich droplets contributed little to homogeneous VOMM distribution. Optimized single-stage polymerizations resulted in significant preservation of unsaturation, good film-forming qualities, rapid drying, and improved solvent resistance. The resulting latexes exhibited potential for use in higher performance application than conventional latexes. This study has demonstrated that drying oils can be incorporated into emulsions in limited quantities as effective reactive monomers for internal plasticization and auto-oxidative crosslinking after application. Broader ranges of incorporation require further study of VOMM reaction kinetics as a function of structure and improved process methods for macromonomer incorporation into emulsion polymers.