cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation of protein 4.1 in Plasmodium falciparum-infected human red blood cells.

The composition of the erythrocyte plasma membrane is extensively modified during the intracellular growth of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. It has been previously shown that an 80-kD phosphoprotein is associated with the plasma membrane of human red blood cells (RBCs) infected with trophozoite/schizont stage malaria parasites. However, the identity of this 80-kD phosphoprotein is controversial. One line of evidence suggests that this protein is a phosphorylated form of RBC protein 4.1 and that it forms a tight complex with the mature parasite-infected erythrocyte surface antigen. In contrast, evidence from another group indicates that the 80-kD protein is derived from the intracellular malaria parasite. To resolve whether the 80-kD protein is indeed RBC protein 4.1, we made use of RBCs obtained from a patient with homozygous 4.1(-) negative hereditary elliptocytosis. RBCs from this patient are completely devoid of protein 4.1. We report here that this lack of protein 4.1 is correlated with the absence of phosphorylation of the 80-kD protein in parasite- infected RBCs, a finding that provides conclusive evidence that the 80- kD phosphoprotein is indeed protein 4.1. In addition, we also identify and partially characterize a casein kinase that phosphorylates protein 4.1 in P falciparum-infected human RBCs. Based on these results, we suggest that the maturation of malaria parasites in human RBCs is accompanied by the phosphorylation of protein 4.1. This phosphorylation of RBC protein 4.1 may provide a mechanism by which the intracellular malaria parasite alters the mechanical properties of the host plasma membrane and modulates parasite growth and survival in vivo.
Affinity Alkylating Vitamin D Analogs as Molecular Probes and Therapeutic Agents

Affinity alkylating derivatives of naturally occurring molecules were originally developed to target and probe the substrate/ligand-binding sites of enzymes and receptors. These reagents, by virtue of their ability to covalently attach to the substrate/ligand-binding pockets of target enzymes/receptors, provide valuable structural information of the host and the guest, focusing on the dynamic interaction between the two. Our laboratory developed affinity and photoaffinity labeling derivatives of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D] to probe the ligand-binding domain of nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR). With these studies we obtained crucial information about the ligand contact points and three-dimensional geometry of the ligand-binding domain of VDR, in relation to the biological properties of 1,25(OH)2D. 1,25(OH)2D is an anticancer agent, albeit with severe toxicity at pharmacological doses. We observed that an affinity alkylating derivative of 1,25(OH)2D strongly inhibits the growth of various cancer cells and causes these cells to undergo apoptosis, demonstrating strong potential of this affinity analog of 1,25(OH)2D as an anticancer agent. This article summarizes the results of various studies involving affinity alkylating derivatives of vitamin D metabolites to investigate structural–functional aspects of VDR, as well as development of these reagents as potential therapeutic agents in cancer.
Neonatal Colorimetric Devices: Caution Against Extended Clinical Use

Exhaled carbon dioxide (CO2) detection, in addition to lung inflation and increasing heart rate, is one of the most reliable methods of confirming accurate placement of an endotracheal tube during neonatal resuscitation, as reiterated in the 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for
Examples of doubly stochastic measures supported on the graphs of two functions

ABSTRACTA doubly stochastic measure (DSM) is a measure μ on the unit square so that μ([0, 1] × A) = μ(A × [0, 1]) = m(A) where m is Lebesgue measure. The set of DSMs forms a convex set in the space of measures. It is known that DSMs supported on the union of two graphs of invertible functions are extreme points of that convex set (Seethoff and Shiflett, 1977/78). In general, there are few examples of extreme points in the literature. There are examples of so-called hairpins where the functions involved are inverses of each other, but there are also examples of the union of the graphs of a function and its inverse does not support a DSM (Sherwood and Taylor, 1988). In this paper, for a function f in a certain class, we find companion functions g so that the union of the graphs of f and g support a DSM even though the union of the graphs of f and f-inverse do not.
Non-contact magnetically coupled rectilinear-rotary oscillations to exploit low-frequency broadband energy harvesting with frequency up-conversion

Ambient vibrations have a rectilinear and broadband nature and are particularly rich in the low-frequency regions. This letter reports an electromagnetic energy harvester to transform low-frequency broadband rectilinear vibrations into electricity with frequency up-conversion. The harvester consists of a rectilinear oscillator and a rotary oscillator coupled through magnetic force induced by four arc permanent magnets centrosymmetrically distributed on each oscillator. The rotary oscillator also includes two repulsive magnets and six stationary coils with steel screws inside to obtain and maintain four equilibrium positions with shallowed potential wells. The magnetic interaction between the rectilinear oscillator and the rotary oscillator is formulated using a magnetic dipole model. The restoring torque induced by the steel screws on the rotor is experimentally measured. Magnetically coupled governing equations are derived and their numerical solutions are used to characterize the dynamic response of the harvester under chirp excitations. Experimental results demonstrate its excellent harvesting capability of scavenging low-frequency wideband vibrational energy under slow-frequency-drifted excitations, simple harmonic excitations, and mixed-frequency excitations. Under harmonic excitations, the rectilinear oscillator vibrates non-harmonically but approximately periodically, while the rotary counterpart oscillates in a more complex pattern varying with the excitation frequency, which leads to the frequency up-conversion (up to 10 times increase) and broadened bandwidth (25% increase from its resonant frequency). Experiments show an output voltage of 5 V (RMS)/40 V (Peak to Peak) and an output power of 55 mW (RMS)/950 mW (Peak) at an optimal load of 465 Ω under harmonic excitation of 4 Hz at 0.7 g.
Activismo político y feminismo en la República Dominicana. Petronila Angélica Gómez y Fémina (1922-1939)

Petronila Angelica Gomez, school teacher and director of Femina, the first feminist magazine in the Dominican Republic, can be considered one the pioneers in the development of feminism in her country. Through this magazine, she showcased her ideas about the role of women within Dominican society, promoted the creation of the first feminist organization in the country (the Dominican Feminist Central Committee in 1926), and debated the need to act against the invasion of the Dominican Republic by US Marines. Being part of an international network, Femina represents one of the earliest examples of the participation of women in the intellectual fields in Latin America and the Caribbean, highlighting the importance of international associations and transnational consciousness that characterized many Latin American women of the time.
Dissociative identity disorder and ambivalence

While many theorists have argued that dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a case of multiple selves or persons in a single body, I maintain that DID instead should be understood as involving a single self who suffers from significant disruptions to self-consciousness. Evidence of overlapping abilities and memories, as well as the very logic of dissociation, supports the claim that DID results from internal conflict endured by a single self. Along these lines, I will maintain that alter-formation should be understood as the result of extreme emotional ambivalence. While it is true that subjects with DID exhibit volitional conflict, as Frankfurt [1988. The Importance of What We Care About. New York: Cambridge University Press; 1999. Necessity, Volition, and Love. New York: Cambridge University Press] maintains, I argue that these incompatible volitions have a deeper source: conflicting desires and affective stances concerning basic emotional needs that are not easily abandoned. A single subject turns to...
Histology and Ultrastructure of the Human Endometrium

The endometrium is an ideal tissue for study of the interrelated effects of ovarian hormones, enzymes, and prostaglandins. Advances in the biochemistry and physiology of the uterus have stimulated reinterpretation of the cyclic morphological changes in the endometrium. Ultrastructural studies have bridged the gap between the large body of recently acquired cytochemical information and the conventional histological studies of cyclic endometrial development, as exemplified by analyses of ciliogenesis and the nucleolar channel system.
Job attitudes of electrical engineers in research, development and technical service

Technical professionals such as electrical engineers have integral roles in the firms which employ them, and their job attitudes influence their job performance. The study reported surveyed electrical engineers to determine their attitudes on (1) job content factors, such as skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback, and (2) job context factors, such as evaluation fairness, peer relations, commitment to the firm and job security. In examining the data using chi–square tests, it was found that there are differences in perceptions between the two groups of electrical engineers in the study: (1) electrical engineers in research: and (2) electrical engineers in developmental and technical service. The differences were in skill variety and age and longevity, task significance and supervisory responsibility, and autonomy and supervisory responsibility. On job context factors, the two groups differed in their perceptions on fairness of appraisal systems and mobility, relationship with peers and longevity, and firm commitment and supervisory responsibility.
Enhancing diffusion MRI measures by integrating grey and white matter morphometry with hyperbolic wasserstein distance

In order to improve the preclinical diagnose of Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is a great deal of interest in analyzing the AD related brain structural changes with magnetic resonance image (MRI) analyses. As the major features, variation of the structural connectivity and the cortical surface morphometry provide different views of structural changes to determine whether AD is present on presymptomatic patients. However, the large scale tensor-valued information and relatively low imaging resolution in diffusion MRI (dMRI) have created huge challenges for analysis. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that improves dMRI analysis power by fusing cortical surface morphometry features from structural MRI (sMRI). We first compute the hyperbolic harmonic maps between cortical surfaces with the landmark constraints thus to precisely evaluate surface tensor-based morphometry. Meanwhile, the graph-based analysis of structural connectivity derived from dMRI is conducted. Next, we fuse these two features via the optimal mass transportation (OMT) and eventually the Wasserstein distance (WD) based single image index is computed as a potential clinical multimodality imaging score. We apply our framework to brain images of 20 AD patients and 20 matched healthy controls, randomly chosen from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI2) dataset. Our preliminary experimental results of group classification outperformed those of some other single dMRI-based features, such as regional hippocampal volume, mean scores of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean axial (MD). The novel image fusion pipeline and simple imaging score of structural changes may benefit the preclinical AD and AD prevention research.
Recent advances in fiber optic magnetic sensing

Considerable progress has been made in the use of fiber optic magnetic sensors in actual field environments, especially for undersea applications. This paper reviews the results of three fiber magnetometer systems: 1) a heading sensor for undersea towed array applications; 2) a remote ac magnetometer designed for land use; and 3) a magnetometer array for undersea magnetic measurements. In each case, relevant design parameters, laboratory test results, and, where applicable, field test results are presented.
Mechanisms of Symmetry-Breaking in a Multidimensional Flashing Particle Ratchet

Ratcheting is a mechanism that produces directional transport of particles by rectifying nondirectional energy using local asymmetries rather than a net bias in the direction of transport. In a flashing ratchet, an oscillating force (here, an AC field) is applied perpendicular to the direction of transport. In an effort to explore the properties of current experimentally realizable ratchet systems, and to design new ones, this paper describes classical simulations of a damped flashing ratchet that transports charged nanoparticles within a transport layer of finite, non-zero thickness. The thickness of the layer, and the decay of the applied field in the z-direction throughout that thickness, provide a mechanism of symmetry breaking in the system that allows the ratchet to produce directional transport using a temporally unbiased oscillation of the AC driving field, a sine wave. Sine waves are conveniently produced experimentally or harvested from natural sources but cannot produce transport in a 1D or pse...
PEGging down risk factors for peg-asparaginase hepatotoxicity in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia †.

AbstractAsparaginase is commonly de-emphasized/omitted in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia regimens due to poor tolerability, including hepatotoxicity (HTX). Adult patients (n = 100) given induction therapy containing pegylated asparaginase (PEG) from January 2008 to February 2016 were evaluated for HTX. Sixteen patients met criteria for HTX (direct bilirubin >3 g/dL). A multivariable model identified body surface area >2m2 (OR 7.40; 95% CI: 1.73–31.61, p = .007), albumin <3 mg/dL (OR 4.62; 95% CI: 1.09–19.68, p = .038), and platelet count <50 K/mm3 (OR 9.36; 95% CI: 2.13–41.17, p = .003) as risk factors for HTX. More patients with HTX missed ≥1 dose of intended chemotherapy (75% vs. 8%, p < .001). In patients with HTX, complete response and 30-day mortality rates were 40% and 9% versus 73% and 1% in patients without HTX (p = .02 and p < .001). A risk scoring tool was created to predict risk of toxicity, which should be validated through a prospective evaluation.
Reiterating the importance of student development in the field of instructional communication

For nearly 50 years, the field of instructional communication has been known for examining the relationships between communication, instruction, and learning. Although not bound by a specific conte...
Abstract 12: Volume of Calcium in the Descending Thoracic Aorta Predicts All Cause Mortality Beyond Coronary Artery Calcium: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Introduction: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) volume and density differentially predict incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), with CAC density inversely associated with these outcomes. Whether simil...
Analysis of Toll Lanes Access Violation Behavior: Example of Express Toll Lanes on I-405:

Washington State has introduced express toll lanes (ETLs) on I-405 as a managed lane project. One of problems in the operation of ETLs operation is the access violation in which vehicles cross the ...
Contemporary Corporate Governance Issues: Program, July 7-8, 2000

Program of Contemporary Corporate Governance Issues conference, July 7-8, 2000 at Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH. Conference sponsored by Tuck and The Journal of Financial Economics.
Epidemiological investigation on stomach cancer mortality in Chileans: Association with nitrate fertilizer

A statistical analysis was made of the relative contributions of exposure to fertilizer, rainfall and latitude to the variability of gastric cancer mortality rates in the Chilean Provinves. The relative contributions of these independent variables to variability in the death rates were evaluated by multivariate analysis. The method used was stepwise multiple regression.
Hydrogen-like Atoms

Because of considerable mathematical difficulties the Schrodinger equation can be solved exactly for only a few simple quantum systems. In particular for atoms with at least two electrons no such exact solutions exist. The most important system where an exact solution is indeed possible consists of a single electron with charge q 1 = -e in motion under the influence of a Coulomb potential about a nucleus with a positive charge q 2 = Ζe, for Ζ ≥ 1 an integer. Such a system is called a hydrogenic or hydrogen-like atom, with atomic number Z. One may view the nucleus as consisting of Ζ protons. For Ζ = 1 we obtain the hydrogen atom. For Ζ = 2, for example, the system is singly ionized helium He+; this is helium with its two protons as usual, but stripped of one of its two electrons. Since it has only one electron but two protons it is positively charged, as indicated by the plus sign +. Similarly the lithium atom Li consists of three electrons and three protons (and four neutrons). If we strip off two electrons we obtain the ion Li++—doubly ionized lithium, which is the case Ζ = 3.
Enzymically catalyzed disulfide interchange in randomly cross-linked soybean trypsin inhibitor.

SUMMARY The protein disulfide interchange enzyme, isolated from beef liver microsomes, has been further purified by gradient elution from diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex columns and by starch gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme catalyzed the reactivation of fully reduced soybean trypsin inhibitor in the presence of either a soluble, dialyzable, fraction of liver homogenate, or dehydroascorbic acid. However, as described previously, the enzyme appears to be concerned only with the second stage of this process, namely the rearrangement of incorrectly paired half-cystine residues introduced during the oxidative step. Randomly cross-linked soybean trypsin inhibitor, prepared by oxidation of fully reduced material in 8 M urea, is rapidly con- verted to the native protein in the presence of mM P-mercapto- ethanol at a molar ratio for enzyme to protein substrate of 1:360. The present experiments establish the enzymic nature and generality of the reaction. Thus, randomly cross-linked bovine pancreatic ribonuclease and egg white lysozyme, both animal proteins, and soybean trypsin inhibitor, a plant protein, can all serve as substrates for the enzyme. Acknowledgment-We wish to thank Dr. K. Hoerman for his kind assistance with the experiments involving the purification of the enzyme by starch gel electrophoresis. REFERENCES 1.
Integrating Voice Quality Cues in the Pitch Perception of Speech and Non-speech Utterances.

Pitch perception plays a crucial role in speech processing. Since F0 is highly ambiguous and variable in the speech signal, effective pitch-range perception is important in perceiving the intended linguistic pitch targets. This study argues that the effectiveness of pitch-range perception can be achieved by taking advantage of other signal-internal information that co-varies with F0, such as voice quality cues. This study provides direct perceptual evidence that voice quality cues as an indicator of pitch ranges can effectively affect the pitch-height perception. A series of forced-choice pitch classification experiments with four spectral conditions were conducted to investigate the degree to which manipulating spectral slope affects pitch-height perception. Both non-speech and speech stimuli were investigated. The results suggest that the pitch classification function is significantly shifted under different spectral conditions. Listeners generally hear a higher pitch when the spectrum has higher high-frequency energy (i.e., tenser phonation). The direction of the shift is consistent with the correlation between voice quality and pitch range. Moreover, cue integration is affected by the speech mode, where listeners are more sensitive to relative difference within an utterance when hearing speech stimuli. This study generally supports the hypothesis that voice quality is an important enhancement cue for pitch range.
Author Correction: Taking the pressure off

In the version of this News & Views originally published, in Fig. 1b, the compounds containing barium were labelled incorrectly. The two labels reading ‘4BaH’ should have read ‘2BaH2’, the three labels reading ‘Ba2NH’ should have read ‘BaNH’, and the label ‘BaH’ should have read ‘BaH2’. In the main text, ‘Ba2NH’ should have read ‘BaNH’, and ‘BaH’ should have read ‘BaH2’. These errors have now been corrected.
The naked capitellum: a surgeon's guide to intraoperative identification of posterolateral rotatory instability.

Hypothesis This study's purpose was to provide a reproducible way for surgeons to intraoperatively assess the elbow's lateral ulnar collateral ligament origin and determine whether there is posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) despite an intact common extensor origin (CEO). We hypothesized that we could re-create clinically relevant disruption of lateral supporting structures despite an intact CEO and illustrate progressive elbow PLRI. Methods The relationship of the lateral capsule to the capitellum articular surface was noted in 8 cadaveric upper extremities. The lateral capsule and extensor origin were sequentially sectioned at 4 stages: intact, release to the lateral epicondyle, release of the posterior capsular insertion, and release of the CEO. Posterior and lateral translation of the radial head (RH) relative to the capitellum was measured with the forearm in extension and supination. Results The average specimen age was 78.9 years. The lateral capsule originated within 1 to 2 mm of the capitellum articular surface. Lateral capsular sectioning to the 6-o'clock position of the lateral epicondyle created an unstable elbow with posterior and lateral RH translation. Sequential sectioning of the posterior capsular insertion created significant additional RH translation posteriorly (P Conclusions The elbow's lateral capsuloligamentous complex plays an important role in preventing PLRI. Larger degrees of elbow laxity are associated with further peel back of the capsuloligamentous complex despite an intact CEO. The surgeon must retract the extensor origin intraoperatively to assess for lateral ulnar collateral ligament and/or lateral capsule disruption to prevent a missed case of PLRI.
Eculizumab to Treat Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Due to Underlying Transplant-Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy in Patients Receiving Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant for Sickle Cell Disease

Pre-existing endothelial dysfunction and vascular injury sustained during allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) increases risk for endothelial injury-related complications like posterior reversible encephalopathy (PRES) and transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Herein, we report two SCD HCT recipients in whom PRES-related symptoms resolved only after eculizumab therapy was initiated for underlying TA-TMA. Case 1 25-year-old male with SCD developed PRES-related seizures and headaches on Day+30 following matched sibling donor bone marrow transplant (BMT) and reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) with fludarabine/melphalan/alemtuzumab and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis with tacrolimus and methotrexate (MTX). Symptoms initially resolved after discontinuing tacrolimus. However, on Day+60, he presented with hypertension (HTN), status epilepticus, and right intracranial hemorrhage. Despite adequate HTN control and maximal anti-epileptic therapy, his symptoms persisted. Two weeks later, laboratory testing confirmed TA-TMA. Both PRES and TA-TMA symptoms and signs resolved after five weeks of eculizumab therapy (Figure 1). Case 2 Eight-year-old female with SCD underwent 10/10 matched unrelated BMT following RIC with fludarabine/melphalan/thiotepa/alemtuzumab and MTX/tacrolimus/abatacept for GvHD prophylaxis. She developed altered mental status, seizures, and HTN and Day+74 MRI brain confirmed PRES. Her symptoms also persisted despite tacrolimus cessation and effective HTN control. One week later, laboratory testing confirmed TA-TMA. Complete resolution of neurological symptoms occurred after three weeks of eculizumab therapy. (Figure 2). Conclusion Our cases highlight maintaining a high level of clinical suspicion for TA-TMA in SCD patients presenting with PRES post-HCT and consideration for eculizumab therapy in such patients.
Exploring Deep Complex Networks for Complex Spectrogram Enhancement

A recent study has demonstrated the effectiveness of complex-valued deep neural networks (CDNNs) using newly developed tools such as complex batch normalization and complex residual blocks. Motivated by the fact that CDNNs are well suited for the processing of complex-domain representations, we explore CDNNs for speech enhancement. In particular, we train a CDNN that learns to map the complex-valued noisy short-time Fourier transform (STFT) to the clean STFT. Additionally, we propose the complex-valued extensions of the parametric rectified linear unit (PReLU) nonlinearity that helps to improve the performance of CDNN. Experimental results demonstrate that a CDNN using the proposed nonlinearity can give similar or better enhancement results compared to real-valued deep neural networks (DNNs).
The U.S. and Italian Criminal Justice System: Through the Lens of the Amanda Knox Trial

The inquisitorial criminal justice systems prevalent in continental Europe derive their characteristics not only from their written codes but also from their culture and history. In this paper, I compare a few key differences between the system of Italy and that of the United States, using examples from the Amanda Knox and Raffaele Sollecito trial. In particular, I discuss differences in jury voting, the appeals process, the concept of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, and non-formalized aspects of each court system. I conclude that the United States criminal justice system is the more pro-defendant of the two, at least when defendants are not limited by access to legal representation.
Metics and the art of playing with contradictions

ABSTRACTThe metics, or those who live in-between several different cultures, nations, races, ethnicities, or identities, have a major epistemological advantage: they are more likely to develop a wa...
Queer Cartographies: Urban Redevelopment and the Changing Sexual Geography of Postwar San Francisco

This chapter reflects on methodological and historiographic insights gained using GIS to reconstruct the impact of urban renewal on “hangouts for homosexuals” on the San Francisco waterfront during the 1950s and early 1960s. These stigmatized places—which entered the popular-spatial imaginary through contemporaneous local press coverage of bar raids—were initially documented as historical sites by LGBTQ community archivists who culled basic information about the physical location, approximate years of operation, and business type from oral history transcripts, newspaper clippings, early gay bar directories, and nightlife columns in the city’s first gay periodicals dating to the early 1960s. In a collaborative project with the GLBT Historical Society of Northern California, the author mapped these and similar sites in order to “sketch out” temporal and spatial changes in the sexual geography of the city. The pragmatic and technical challenges of mapping the waterfront sites, in particular, drew the author deep into the urban planning and redevelopment archives of the city in a search for basic information about the physical landscape prior to the transformation of the area from a low-rise, mixed-use, wholesaling, and maritime trade-oriented district into a freeway-oriented gateway to an expanding downtown financial district. Charting this transformation demonstrates the productive possibilities of triangulating a historical-geographic fix on the queer past from personal recollections, contemporaneous published sources, and historical urban planning documents in pursuit of a new spatial imaginary of “gay community” formation. Informed by—but ultimately not constrained by poststructural critiques of GIScience—this chapter illustrates how the representational artifices and associative power of GIS can serve as instruments for unraveling teleological narratives that conflate urban development and modern LGBTQ subjectivities.
Pixelated mask optimization on quantum computers

In the field of microlithography, conventional computers are widely used for mask optimization. Recent progress of quantum and quantum-inspired computers has encouraged the development of quantum algorithms for numerous applications. So far, no method has been established for solving mask optimization problems with quantum computers. We introduced a simple model that describes the mask optimization problem as a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem, which is easily implemented on these computers. For simplicity, we assume there exists a target image profile on the wafer. The target can be the image of an existing mask or a virtual ideal mask which may be designed as a pixelated mask having a continuous transmission distribution. The solution is evaluated as the difference between the simulated image profile on the wafer surface and the target profile.
Resilience Modeling in Complex Systems

Abstract Failure mode analysis and extensive measured data analytics provide us with recommended actions to decrease the failure frequency. Hitherto, controls have been put in place to improve recovery action though improved automation and system design to either decrease the failure rate and/or the recovery time. Manual intervention was prescribed to mitigate the consequence of these failure modes but was never quantified as to how long the action should be performed. One option is to assign ‘time to perform’ based on collected historical data for human action with an uncertainty bound to accommodate the variance in human behavior. To err is human, and this paper strives to take into account human actions that can lead to a higher likelihood of a failure mode by introducing controls that require the system to ascertain whether an action could lead to a potential failure mode. This paper will develop a framework by which models can be derived for specific operational strings based on criticality and consequence to build resilience into systems. The risk aspect used will be subjective since it is in the purview of the stakeholder to quantify and allocate severity of the risk.
3D topology optimization of heat sinks for liquid cooling

Abstract This paper conducts topology optimization of three dimensional heat sinks for liquid cooling. The forced cooling system is modeled with weakly coupled steady-state incompressible Navier-Stokes equation and the energy equation. We study the distribution of the conductive solid components in order to minimize the average temperature on the heat source surface. A set of consistent adjoint equations are derived from the weak forms of the state equations in order to obtain the sensitivity. We discretize the simulation domain with six million tetrahedral elements. Iterative solvers with preconditioners are used to solve the partial differential equations. We present three examples with different geometries and boundary conditions as benchmarks for topology optimization of forced cooling problems. Detailed numerical validations on one design from topology optimization show that the optimized parallel plate fin heat sink could consume up to 450% more pumping power than the topology optimization design while achieving the same thermal performance, or the temperature of the optimized parallel plate fin heat sink is 10–40% higher than the design from topology optimization when the pumping power is same. The superior performance of the design from topology optimization is achieved with a flow split effect due to the heat sink geometry. This geometry sends the hot flow to the top layer and the cold flow to the bottom layer further in the downstream region in an aerodynamically efficient manner.
A Case of Ventricular Tachycardia Caused by a Rare Cardiac Mesenchymal Hamartoma

The presentation of a cardiac hamartoma, an exceedingly rare and histologically benign cardiac tumor, can be variable. We describe a case of refractory ventricular tachycardia in a patient with a cardiac mass failing multiple pharmacologic and procedural interventions, ultimately treated by cardiac transplantation and diagnosed with a mesenchymal cardiac hamartoma. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).
Can the Poor Be Organized? Experimental Evidence from Self-Help Groups in Rural India

High coordination costs among the poor are considered a principal reason that the poor are more likely to be under-provided public goods and receive badly-functioning public services. In some countries, however, efforts are underway to organize the poor through “self-help groups” (SHGs - membership-based organizations that aim to promote social cohesion through a mixture of education, access to finance, and linkages to wider development programs. In cooperation with a local NGO, we randomly selected 32 of 80 villages in one of the poorest districts in rural India in which to establish SHGs for women. After two years of exposure to the intervention, women in treatment villages were more likely to participate in group programs, exerted greater control over household decisions, and displayed greater knowledge of local political institutions than women in control villages. To investigate the sources of cooperation further, we conducted a simple multi-round public-goods game in eight villages. We find that players who have been exposed to SHGs converge towards a cooperative equilibrium faster than those who have not. We also find that SHG women discount the risk of non-cooperation by others more than women in control villages. We conclude that SHGs and other membership-based organizations for the poor, where they promote collective action do so not by enforcing a commonality of tastes, but by reducing uncertainty surrounding cooperation.
Are Wisconsin resident physicians trained in immediate postpartum long acting reversible contraception

Abstract Objectives To characterize perceived proficiency in immediate postpartum long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) provision among resident physicians in obstetrics and gynecology and family medicine in Wisconsin. Study Design We queried 254 Wisconsin obstetrics and gynecology or family medicine residents about competency and attitudes regarding family planning services via a confidential electronic survey. We used logistic regression to identify factors associated with the primary outcome of self-reported proficiency in immediate postpartum LARC. Results We recruited participants from 3 of 3 (100%) obstetrics and gynecology and 9 of 15 (60%) family medicine residency programs, achieving a 74% response rate among trainees (187/254 individuals). Seven of 12 programs (58%) offered immediate postpartum LARC training [100% (3/3) obstetrics and gynecology; 44% (4/9) family medicine]. Forty-eight percent of residents [68% (27/40) obstetrics and gynecology and 60/141 (43%) family medicine, p Conclusions Only 44% of participating family medicine programs provide immediate postpartum LARC training. Two-thirds of obstetrics and gynecology residents report proficiency in immediate postpartum LARC, compared to fewer than half of family medicine residents. Given that many Wisconsin counties do not have a practicing obstetrician/gynecologist, improving immediate postpartum LARC training among family medicine residents is paramount. Implications Statement Family medicine physicians provide a significant portion of obstetric care, especially in rural areas. Family medicine residency programs should be supported to ensure that all trainees are proficient in placing subdermal implants and family physicians planning to provide obstetric care are trained in postpartum IUD placement.
Stress Intensity Factor Distributions by Optical Methods

An integrated optical method consisting of the combined use of frozen stress photoelasticity and Moire interferometry for measuring stress intensity distributions and crack shapes in three dimensional problems where neither are known a priori is reviewed. Results from applying the method to several problems are used to evaluate the characteristics of the method. Limitations of the method are discussed.
Liquid-Metal Corrosion

A review of corrosion and environmental effects on the mechanical properties of candidate structural alloys for use with liquid metals in fusion reactors is presented. The corrosion/mass transfer behavior of austenitic and ferritic steels and vanadium-base alloys is evaluated to determine the preliminary operating temperature limits for circulating and static liquid-lithium and Pb-17Li systems. The influence of liquid-metal environment on the mechanical properties of structural materials is discussed. Corrosion effects of nitrate and fluoride salts are presented. Requirements for additional data are identified.
Optical Absorption of TetrahedralFe2+(3d6) in Cubic ZnS, CdTe, and MgAl2O4

The optical absorption spectrum of substitutional ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}$ ions at concentrations from 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{18}$ to 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{20}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ has been studied for cubic ZnS, CdTe, and Mg${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ single crystals from 3 to 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}$ ions show a single broad absorption band at 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K in the infrared region between 1500 and 7500 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ (1.3 to 6.7 \ensuremath{\mu}) that arises from the $^{5}E\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{5}T_{2}$ transition. At low temperatures this band shows many distinct lines which are identified as resulting from zero-phonon and phonon-assisted transitions between the spin-orbit levels of $^{5}E$ and $^{5}T_{2}$ in tetrahedral symmetry. The levels of $^{5}E$ are found to be described well by crystal-field theory: There are five uniformly spaced levels split in second order by spin-orbit interactions, with an interval given by 15, 10, and 13 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}$ in ZnS, CdTe, and Mg${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, respectively. The levels of $^{5}T_{2}$ do not fit the predictions of crystal-field theory; they can, however, be understood if a moderately strong Jahn-Teller effect occurs in the $^{5}T_{2}$ state, so that the first-order spin-orbit splitting of $^{5}T_{2}$ is quenched to a small fraction of its crystal-field value. Values for this Jahn-Teller energy of 535, 255, and 945 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ are derived from the data for ZnS, CdTe, and Mg${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, respectively. A phenomenological Hamiltonian is found which describes the dynamical Jahn-Teller effects in ZnS very well, and which may also be appropriate for Mg${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ but does not suffice for CdTe. An alternative interpretation of the spectrum for ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}$ in ZnS, not requiring so strong a Jahn-Teller effect, more nearly accords with the predictions of crystal-field theory, but at the expense of assuming that some of the observed zero-phonon lines arise from ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}$ associated with some other defect common to all samples, or from a mixture of cubic and hexagonal regions within the crystals. Values of the cubic-field parameter $\mathrm{Dq}$ for ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}$ in these crystals are -340, -248, and -447 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for ZnS, CdTe, and Mg${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, respectively. The phonon-assisted transitions yield values for the transverse acoustic, longitudinal acoustic, transverse optic, and longitudinal optic phonons in ZnS and CdTe which are 115, 184, 296, 331 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and 65, 105, 140, 180 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, respectively.
On suboptimal H ∞ controllers for unstable distributed plants

In this paper we solve the 2-block H∞ suboptimal control problem for a class of (possibly) unstable and (possibly) infinite dimensional plants. A solution to the H∞ suboptimal control problem for infinite dimensional stable plants was obtained in [5]. Also, in [11] and [12] the H∞ optimal control problem was solved for unstable distributed plants. Our solution for the suboptimal control problem of unstable distributed plants is based on the techniques developed in [5, 11].
In Vivo Rate of Translation by Ribosomes of Normal and Regenerating Liver

Abstract Protein synthesis in normal and regenerating mouse livers was compared 36 hours after surgical removal of two-thirds of the liver. At that time, the total protein content of the remaining tissue had increased by 30 % and continued to grow at a rate greater than 20 % per day. Total DNA did not change until the end of the second day after the operation. Total RNA increased in parallel with protein, so that although its total amount per cell was larger (up to the time when the enlarged cells divided) its concentration, and that of deoxycholate-sedimentable RNA (relative to protein or wet weight), remained the same. The in vivo rate of incorporation of trace amounts of l-[1-14C]leucine into liver protein was 60 % higher in the regenerating livers than in the normal ones. A small portion of this increased incorporation could be explained by an increase of approximately 10 % in the relative proportion of ribosomes occurring as polyribosomes, but most of the difference reflected a more efficient labeling of the newly synthesized protein per ribosome unit in polyribosomes. However, the in vivo rate of translation by polyribosomes of normal and regenerating livers was found to be the same. Key to this conclusion was the measurement of the rate of translation by two different procedures, neither of which depended on the measurement of the specific radioactivity of the precursor. In the first one, the animals were flooded with massive amounts of radioactive leucine in an attempt to expand the free leucine pool to the point where endogenous sources become negligible. Extrapolation of these results showed normal and regenerating polyribosomes to incorporate 0.95 mole of leucine per s per mole of ribosomes. In the other procedure, nascent chains were labeled in vivo with trace or massive doses of radioactive leucine, and transit times were calculated from the rate at which they were finished and released. The transit time was found to be the same, 1.06 min, in the normal and regenerating situations.
Effect of antimetabolites on the growth of Entamoeba histolytica. IV. Folic acid analogues.

Aminopterin, dichloroaminopterin, oxyfolic acid, 9,10-dimethylpteroylglutamic acid, 4-amino-10-methylpteroylglutamic acid, and 9-methylpteroylglutamic acid inhibited Entamoeba histolytica in vitro. The inhibition was reversed by folic acid and leucovorin. 2,4-diamino-6(N4 sulfanilamido-S-triazine), 2-carbethoxy-4,6-diamino-S-triazine, and 2-carbethoxy-4-phenyl-amino-6-amino-S-triazine were also amoebicidal but reversal of this toxicity was not possible with numerous metabolites studied. 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl-pteridine) and sodium pteroyltriglutamate stimulated growth of amoebae. Possible mechanisms of action of these chemical agents are discussed.
Optimal and Near-Optimal Decisions for Procurement and Allocation of a Critical Resource with a Stochastic Consumption Rate

Management of critical resources having uncertain consumption rates is perhaps the most common challenge encountered by businesses in discharging their numerous functions, e.g., inventory distribution, marketing, finance, production, personnel, etc. It involves making two key decisions optimally: (1) How much of each critical resource must be procured (replenishment quantity decision), and, having procured, (2) How much of each resource should be allocated among the competing entities (allocation decision). The finance/inventory literature thus far has addressed the allocation decision in an optimal fashion using certain ranking algorithms. However, the optimal replenishment decisions have not yet been addressed optimally except under a restrictive assumption called the allocation assumption. Using the illustration of a periodic-review, stochastic-demand, fixed-route, centralized, multi-echelon distribution system in this paper, we propose a non-ranking allocation policy that is faster than those existing in the literature and also develop an optimal replenishment algorithm that is independent of the allocation assumption. Furthermore, we allow our distribution system a greater flexibility than that allowed in the literature thus far--we explicitly permit fixed delivery routes, arbitrary demand distribution parameters, non-identical delivery leadtimes simultaneously with a positive order leadtime. The major empirical contribution of this work is to demonstrate, through an extensive simulation study, that computationally efficient heuristic, called the hybrid heuristic, performs close to optimal, even for the systems with high demand uncertainty. Intriguingly, the bottom line finding of our computational experiments is that while the probability of violation of the allocation assumption itself is very sensitive to the system demand uncertainty, it is relatively insensitive to the expected system inventory costs in the vicinity of the optimal region. We also develop hand- computable theoretical lower and upper bounds on system replenishment quantity and expected system cost per period that require a single Normal distribution table look-up.
Indecomposable Restricted Representations of Quantum sl2

We construct and classify all the indecomposable restricted representations of when q is a root of unity.