cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-Care Behaviors of Rural Women Post-Invasive Coronary Interventions

Purpose: Self-care is an essential component of secondary prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD) for rural women after undergoing invasive coronary interventions (ICI). The purpose of the study was to describe self-care behavior experiences of rural women with CAD post-ICI. The specific aims were: to identify and describe self-care behaviors initiated by rural women post-ICI; and to identify and describe barriers to and facilitators of self-care behavior adoption. The language used to describe self-care can be different between health care providers, who are guided by the American Heart Association (AHA), and rural women whose descriptions are based on their life experiences. Methods: Qualitative descriptive methods were used to purposefully sample women (N=10) from two rural Arizona counties. Data were collected using semi-structured face-to-face interviews, lasting approximately 25minutes. Atlas.ti Mac Version 1.5.2 (462) was used for data analysis. Findings: Aim 1: Healthy diet was the most common self-care behavior described by rural women. When describing self-care behaviors, rural women used a different language, which was in alignment with AHA guidelines for self-care behaviors. Aim 2: Themes identified and described for barriers were: residential environment, health and physical ailments, family conditions, and personal characteristics; and for facilitators were relationships, available resources, and personal outcomes. Conclusions: Regardless of poor health-promoting environment, such as unavailability of fresh food stores and access to exercise opportunities rural women took advantage of what they had to keep healthy. They performed self-care behaviors that they described as good for their health and made them happy without associating them the expected self-care behaviors to prevent reoccurrences and complications post-ICI. Rural health care providers must recognize these challenges, acknowledge the positive assets wihin rural women, and incorporate them into the programs for self-care behavior modification strategies. Keywords: Self-care, rural women, coronary artery disease, invasive coronary interventions DOI: http://doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v20i2.629
Contemporary Issues in Regenerative Medicine Research Ethics and Governance: An Overview

Regenerative medicine has grown to include many kinds of cells, materials, and novel techniques. As the field matures, new questions arise about how best to deal with ethical, legal, and social issues arising from emerging knowledge and innovations and what kind of governance is appropriate. Such issues are usually related to broader social and political currents occurring contemporaneously. Yet much of the ethics and policy literature continues to focus on older issues characterizing earlier phases of the field. This chapter provides an overview of the book plus additional perspectives on trends in law, policy, social climates and technological as well as institutional innovations that may affect future practices. Attention to the way emerging ethical, legal, and technological aspects of regenerative medicine affect each other rather than viewing them as discrete domains would help researchers, policymakers, project managers, and ethicists more effectively engage with the issues.
I See Myself in Service and Product Consumptions: Measuring Self-transformative Consumption Vision (SCV) Evoked by Static and Rich Media

Abstract When consumers encounter uncertainty regarding their purchase decisions, they tend to perform a mental visualization process of creating a self-involved imaginative future incident about a product/service in which the consumption outcome is envisioned. The current study proposes a new measurement instrument to capture the process, namely self-transformative consumption vision (SCV) scale. Although similar theoretical constructs have been introduced, validity tests in more diverse media platforms and more elaborated measurement approaches are required. As today's marketing communications are increasingly oriented toward stimulating SCV through diverse rich and interactive media, it is considered scholarly and practically meaningful to propose a new scale. To this end, several pretests are conducted for initial item generations and stimuli developments. Studies 1 and 2 identify valid items that capture SCV and Study 3 establishes the SCV construct's nomological validity. Studies 4 and 5 apply this scale in an empirical study, thereby comparing it to existing scales to identify scale superiority.
Dislocation induced twin growth and formation of basal stacking faults in {101¯2} twins in pure Mg

Abstract In situ tension experiments were performed on oriented pure Mg single crystal specimens, within a transmission electron microscope. Several microstructure evolutions directly related to the interaction between basal dislocations and { 10 1 ¯ 2 } tension twin boundary (TB) were observed: (1) dislocation slip-induced twin growth, (2) formation of I 1 stacking faults in the wake of the advancing TB, and (3) development of large interfacial serrations. The associated defects in the twin crystal and on the TB are characterized and quantified, leading to the verification and further elucidation of a dislocation transmutation reaction proposed five decades ago. Aided by molecular dynamics simulations, it is concluded that the slip-twin interaction is not a slip transfer process. When the TB advances, the unit process is the transformation of each basal dislocation to a sessile partial dislocation inside the twin crystal, trailing a I 1 SF. The glissile-to-sessile transition is therefore analogous to the Basinski mechanism. Twinning disconnections (TDs) are generated as a by-product of the dislocation transformation at the TB. Driven by the stress field of basal dislocations in the matrix, the TDs glide on the TB, which firstly produces TB migration and secondly dissipates the strain energy of the incident dislocations. The pile-up of the locally generated TD was observed to induce the formation of severe interfacial serrations, which do not stop TB migration.
Effect of a Clinical Evidence Technology on Patient Skin Disease Outcomes in Primary Care: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: Providers’ use of clinical evidence technologies (CETs) improves their diagnosis and treatment decisions. Despite these benefits, few studies have evaluated the impact of CETs on patient outcomes. The investigators evaluated the effect of one CET, VisualDx, on skin problem outcomes in primary care. Methods: A cluster-randomized controlled pragmatic trial was conducted in outpatient clinics at an academic medical center in the northeastern United States. Participants were primary care providers (PCPs), and their adult patients seen for skin problems. The intervention was VisualDx, as used by PCPs. Outcomes were patient-reported time from index clinic visit to problem resolution, and the number of follow-up visits to any provider for the same problem. PCPs who were randomly assigned to the intervention agreed to use VisualDx as their primary evidence source for skin problems. Control group PCPs agreed not to use VisualDx. Investigators collected outcome data from patients by phone at thirty-day intervals. Cox proportional hazards models assessed time to resolution. Wilcoxon-rank sum tests and logistic regression compared the need for return appointments. Results: Thirty-two PCPs and 433 patients participated. In proportional hazards modelling adjusted for provider clusters, the time from index visit to skin problem resolution was similar in both groups (hazard ratio=0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.70, 1.21; p =0.54). Patient follow-up appointments did not differ significantly between groups (odds ratio=1.26; CI=0.94, 1.70; p =0.29). Conclusion: This pragmatic trial tested the effectiveness of VisualDx on patient-reported skin disease outcomes in a generalizable clinical setting. There was no difference in skin problem resolution or number of follow-up visits when PCPs used VisualDx.
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM workshop on Insider threats

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 2010 ACM Workshop on Insider Threats -- WITs. This is the first year of the workshop, which is designed to foster collaboration and the presentation of research results and experience reports on leading edge issues of insider threats. The workshop seeks to share ideas across academia, industry and government boundaries and identify new directions for future research and development. WITs gives researchers and practitioners a unique opportunity to share their perspectives with others interested in the various aspects of insider threats. The call for papers attracted 14 submissions and the program committee accepted 7 papers that cover a variety of topics, including data exposure risks, detection of insider attacks, and systems to combat insider infiltration. In addition, the program includes a panel on insider threat research, and a keynote speech by Dawn Cappelli on Using Empirical Insider Threat Case Data to Design a Mitigation Strategy. We hope that these proceedings will serve as a valuable reference for security researchers and developers.
Review of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene in fused filament fabrication: A plastics engineering-focused perspective

Abstract To date, the materials used for fused filament fabrication (FFF) are commercially available plastics that can be extruded, such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and poly(lactic acid). Many other polymers are available in filament form, including polycarbonate, polycaprolactone, polyetherimide, poly(ether ether ketone), and poly(ether ketone ketone). Although each of these materials is commonly referred to by its polymer structure and thought of as a single material, filaments have unique formulations that include small molecule plasticizers and pigments, as well as different polymer molecular weights and distributions. All of these variations can result in differences in optimal processing windows and performance of the final printed structure. This review provides an introduction to plastics engineering, and places the literature on processing-structure-property relationships in FFF within the context of plastics engineering. From this perspective, the review discusses and attempts to explain some of the conflicting reports relating print parameters and mechanical performance throughout the literature. The review will also include recommendations for filament characterization methods.
States of Matter at High Density

This paper reviews theories of possible states of nuclear matter at high density, including normal matter, pion condensation, solidification, quark matter and abnormal matter. Implications of the microscopic theories for the properties of neutron stars, and nuclei, are considered.
Investigating Students’ Habits of Mind in a Course on Digital Signal Processing

Contribution: Knowledge of students’ Habits of Mind in a signal processing course, and a method for education research. The method identifies factors that may influence students’ performance, but are not evident when analyzing agglomerated data; it is an alternative to the traditional case study method as it derives the cases after applying a clustering approach. Background: Habits of Mind refer to mathematical, logical, and attitudinal modes of thinking required for students of science, mathematics, technology, and engineering to become effective problem solvers, capable of transferring such modes to new contexts. These are particularly relevant in a signal processing course in which students must learn to address engineering problems using tools and techniques previously acquired in an abstract context (mathematics). Research Questions: 1) What are the different Habits of Mind patterns exhibited by the students? 2) Are some of these patterns associated with differences in course grades? Methodology: A qualitative method is combined with random signal modeling and machine learning. Students’ work is first annotated manually based on a custom-built rubric of Habits of Mind. Data is modeled and clustered to obtain statistically significant patterns of Habits of Mind corresponding to divisions of the students into groups. Findings: The data obtained suggests that the student group is inhomogeneous in terms of their Habits of Mind, and this inhomogeneity is associated with grade differences. In particular, the course grade is found to be dependent on inhomogeneity based on at least two Habits of Mind: 1) computation and estimation and 2) values and attitudes.
Union with Christ: Participation as the Ground of Christian Ethics in Augustine and Reformed Augustinianisms

Christian ethics cannot be reduced to one normative philosophical framework. Instead, given its unique motive and end, Christian ethics appropriates a variety of methods in its implementation. Turning to Augustine and Reformed Augustinianisms, I offer a constructive interpretation that argues the root of Christian ethics lies in a relationship founded in Christ. A brief look at figures such as Augustine, Calvin, Edwards, and Barth locates the centrality of Christology in their respective ethics. Here the Christian moral life is one of reception and action or union with the Divine while loving the neighbor in ways that entail virtue, obligation, and sometimes consequentialist reasoning. The construal I propose is relational in structure and thus also involves feminist components.
Experimental evidence for a first-year experience course plus mentoring on moderate-income university students’ engagement, achievement, and persistence

Colleges and universities are paying increasing attention to students’ transition into post-secondary education, including the provision of support to freshmen through structured First-Year Experie...
Case 23-2020: A 76-Year-Old Woman Who Died from Covid-19.

A Woman Who Died from Covid-19 A 76-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with confusion and hypoxemia. Multiple residents at her assisted-living facility had received a diagnosis of Covid-19...
Reconstructing the history of founder events using genome-wide patterns of allele sharing across individuals

Founder events play a critical role in shaping genetic diversity, impacting the fitness of a species and disease risk in humans. Yet our understanding of the prevalence and distribution of founder events in humans and other species remains incomplete, as most existing methods for characterizing founder events require large sample sizes or phased genomes. To learn about the frequency and evolutionary history of founder events, we introduce ASCEND (Allele Sharing Correlation for the Estimation of Non-equilibrium Demography), a flexible two-locus method to infer the age and strength of founder events. This method uses the correlation in allele sharing across the genome between pairs of individuals to recover signatures of past bottlenecks. By performing coalescent simulations, we show that ASCEND can reliably estimate the parameters of founder events under a range of demographic scenarios, with genotype or sequence data. We apply ASCEND to ~5,000 worldwide human samples (~3,500 present-day and ~1,500 ancient individuals), and ~1,000 domesticated dog samples. In both species, we find pervasive evidence of founder events in the recent past. In humans, over half of the populations surveyed in our study had evidence for a founder events in the past 10,000 years, associated with geographic isolation, modes of sustenance, and historical invasions and epidemics. We document that island populations have historically maintained lower population sizes than continental groups, ancient hunter-gatherers had stronger founder events than Neolithic Farmers or Steppe Pastoralists, and periods of epidemics such as smallpox were accompanied by major population crashes. Many present-day groups--including Central & South Americans, Oceanians and South Asians--have experienced founder events stronger than estimated in Ashkenazi Jews who have high rates of recessive diseases due to their history of founder events. In dogs, we uncovered extreme founder events in most groups, more than ten times stronger than the median strength of founder events in humans. These founder events occurred during the last 25 generations and are likely related to the establishment of dog breeds during Victorian times. Our results highlight a widespread history of founder events in humans and dogs, and provide insights about the demographic and cultural processes underlying these events.
87Sr/86Sr in Archeological and Paleobiological Research: A Perspective

The stable isotope ratio 87Sr/86Sr has been shown to have extraordinary potential for documenting the movement and life-histories of humans and other animals, both in history and prehistory. Thirty years of expanding applications has taken the method from a niche (if not fringe) approach to a normal part of archaeological and paleobiological enquiry; indeed a ‘Golden Age’. The technique is inherently interdisciplinary, because in addition to those archaeologists and paleobiologists wishing to apply it, most applications require informed input from ecologists, geochemists, and calcified tissue biologists. This perspective explores how such interdisciplinarity is both a strength and an impediment to further advancement.
Reasons for Screen Failure for Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair and Replacement

Despite an expanding armamentarium of devices, many patients with mitral regurgitation referred for transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) or replacement (TMVR) do not meet strict clinical trial inclusion and exclusion criteria. We sought to understand the rates that patients were excluded from transcatheter mitral valve therapies and reasons why. We retrospectively analyzed the medical charts and correspondence related to patients referred to our tertiary valve center for TMVr or TMVR between June 2016 and September 2019. Patients were screened for eligibility by our structural Heart Team for either TMVr or TMVR. If TMVr or TMVR was not offered, the reason for screen failure was recorded and categorized. Over the 3-year period, 564 patients were referred for TMVr and orTMVR. Out of these, 15.9% were determined to be eligible for, and underwent, surgical repair or replacement. Ninety-two patients (16.3%) underwent TMVr or TMVR. The majority of patients (343 of 564, 60.8%) ultimately did not undergo intervention. The primary reason for exclusion was clinical in 38.5%, issues related to patient preference of care delivery in 38.8%, anatomical in 13.7%, and futility in 9.0%. In contemporary real-world practice, the majority of patients with mitral regurgitation referred for transcatheter therapies are excluded. Clinical trials testing new transcatheter devices should be encouraged to record and report reasons for screen failure and follow these patients to better understand optimal timing of intervention, address challenging anatomies, and, ultimately, improve penetrance of these novel therapies.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in a Young Patient With Mandibuloacral Dysplasia.

Abstract A young woman with mandibuloacral dysplasia, a syndrome on the progeria spectrum with accelerated vascular calcification and calcific valve stenosis, presented with symptomatic severe aort...
Design and experimental validation of a unilateral magnet for MRI-guided small animal radiation experiments.

Abstract Small animal radiation experiments are of paramount importance for the advancement of human radiation therapy. These experiments use a dedicated radiation platform to deliver radiation to small animals, such as mice and rats, similar to how human radiation therapy is performed. By acquiring images immediately before radiation delivery to guide positioning of the animals, image guidance plays a critical role to ensure accuracy of the experiments. Recently, MR-based image guidance has been enabled in human radiation therapy. This paper proposes a new concept using a unilateral magnet-based MRI scanner to realize image guidance for small animal radiation experiments. We reported our design, optimization, construction, and characterization of the magnet. The magnet was designed using eight 2-inch neodymium magnet cubes arranged in a modified Halbach ring configuration. The ring has an opening to allow for animal positioning. We considered a spherical region of interest (ROI) located outside of the ring’s plane to allow radiation delivery to the ROI without obstruction of the magnet. An optimization problem was formulated and solved to determine the positions and orientations of the magnet cubes to generate a magnetic field with desired properties in the ROI. The optimization improved the average magnetic flux density from 55 mT to 72 mT and reduced variation from 1.2 T/m to 1.0 T/m. We constructed the magnet using 3D-printed templates to hold the neodymium magnet cubes with the optimized positions and orientations. We measured the spatial distribution of the magnetic flux density. The measurement results and computed results agreed with an average difference of 0.35% through the ROI.
QAOAKit: A Toolkit for Reproducible Study, Application, and Verification of the QAOA.

Understanding the best known parameters, performance, and systematic behavior of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) remain open research questions, even as the algorithm gains popularity. We introduce QAOAKit, a Python toolkit for the QAOA built for exploratory research. QAOAKit is a unified repository of preoptimized QAOA parameters and circuit generators for common quantum simulation frameworks. We combine, standardize, and cross-validate previously known parameters for the MaxCut problem, and incorporate this into QAOAKit. We also build conversion tools to use these parameters as inputs in several quantum simulation frameworks that can be used to reproduce, compare, and extend known results from various sources in the literature. We describe QAOAKit and provide examples of how it can be used to reproduce research results and tackle open problems in quantum optimization.
Three-dimensional Cancer Cell Migration Directed by Dual Mechanochemical Guidance

Directed cell migration guided by external cues plays a central role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. The microenvironment of cells often simultaneously contains various cues and the motility response of cells to multiplexed guidance is poorly understood. Here we combine experiments and mathematical models to study the three-dimensional migration of breast cancer cells in the presence of both contact guidance and a chemoattractant gradient. We find that the chemotaxis of cells is complicated by the presence of contact guidance as the microstructure of extracellular matrix (ECM) vary spatially. In the presence of dual guidance, the impact of ECM alignment is determined externally by the coherence of ECM fibers, and internally by cell mechanosensing Rho/Rock pathways. When contact guidance is parallel to the chemical gradient, coherent ECM fibers significantly increase the efficiency of chemotaxis. When contact guidance is perpendicular to the chemical gradient, cells exploit the ECM disorder to locate paths for chemotaxis. Our results underscores the importance of fully characterizing the cancer cell microenvironment in order to better understand invasion and metastasis.
An empirical investigation of the relationships between service quality, satisfaction and behavioral intentions among visitors to a wildlife refuge.

A model was developed in which quality of performance and quality of experience were conceptualized as direct antecedents of overall service quality and visitor satisfaction, which influence behavi...
Revising knowledge in multi-agent systems using revision programming with preferences

In this paper we extend the Revision Programming framework—a logic-based framework to express and maintain constraints on knowledge bases—with different forms of preferences. Preferences allow users to introduce a bias in the way agents update their knowledge to meet a given set of constraints. In particular, they provide a way to select one between alternative feasible revisions and they allow for the generation of revisions in presence of conflicting constraints, by relaxing the set of satisfied constraints (soft constraints). A methodology for computing preferred revisions using answer set programming is presented.
Self-knowledge and imagination

How do we know when we have imagined something? How do we distinguish our imaginings from other kinds of mental states we might have? These questions present serious, if often overlooked, challenges for theories of introspection and self-knowledge. This paper looks specifically at the difficulties imagination creates for Neo-Expressivist, outward-looking, and inner sense theories of self-knowledge. A path forward is then charted, by considering the connection between the kinds of situations in which we can reliably say that another person is imagining, and those in which we can say the same about ourselves. This view is a variation on the outward-looking approach, and preserves much of the spirit of Neo-Expressivism.
Cancer treatment and control

This interactive presentation is meant to explore the role of control in the treatment of cancer with chemotherapy. The dynamical system and the cost functional are the components of a control problem. The selection of either piece directly influence the control strategy. A compartment model is used to model the evolution and growth of cancer utilizing exponential, logistic, and Gompertzian dynamics in this presentation. The cost functional for current treatment strategies can be typified as seeking to aggressively drive the cancer into remission as quickly as possible as the primary objective. Alternate forms for the cost function can be to balance the life expectancy and quality of life relative to the destruction of the cancer cells. In both forms for the cost functional, constraints are imposed on when the chemotherapy can be administered. For simplicity, the control is the time when chemotherapeutic treatment(s) are administered. The essential difference in the treatment policies is that traditional schedules use a cycle or group of treatments whereas the alternate schedule is for individual treatments. A numerical study is presented to illustrate the roles of the dynamics and cost functional.
Leukocyte migration in guinea pigs. II. Partial characterization of a leukocyte migration inhibitory factor distinct from macrophage migration inhibitory factor.

Abstract In this study we present data on the partial biological and biochemical characterization of guinea pig leukocyte migration inhibition factor (LIF) and migration inhibition factor (MIF). The results indicate that guinea pig LIF and MIF are distinct mediators of cellular immunity, in terms of indicator cells affected and molecular weight. This is in agreement with previous reports showing distinctions between human LIF and MIF. Partial characterization of guinea pig LIF suggested that it is a heat-stable protein of molecular weight 68,000–158,000 and does not contain terminal sialic acid groups.
Spectroscopic properties of the f-elements in compounds and solutions

In this systematic examination of some of the spectroscopic properties of the f-elements we deal with both the trivalent lanthanides and actinides. We summarize the present status of our energy level calculations in single crystal matrices and in aqueous solution, and compare the predicted crystal-field structure in certain low-symmetry sites with that observed. Some interesting new structural insights are thereby gained. The state eigenvectors from these calculations are then used in part in reassessing and interpreting the intensities of transitions in aqueous solution via the Judd-Ofelt theory. The parameters of this theory derived from fitting experimental data are compared with those computed from model considerations. Finally, we discuss some recent contributions to the interpretation of excited state relaxation processes in aqueous solution.
The Control Station training simulator enhances process control education

Training simulators enhance learning by integrating the theoretical abstraction of textbooks with the tactile nature of the lab. The primary objective of training simulators is education. They motivate, help with visualization, and provide hands-on practice and experience. This paper explores the use of training simulators for process control education. Discussed are the methods used and experiences gained in developing Control Station, a training simulator used in the curriculum of hundreds of academic institutions worldwide.
Trend Surface Analysis and Spatial Correlation

Abstract : The methods for analyzing data in one dimension (usually time) are highly developed. However, in several dimensions, most applied workers only use one class of methods -- that in which the data is assumed to be the sum of a deterministic trend and an uncorrelated random error. The more general model with a spatially correlated error has been neglected in most fields -- oceanography is a conspicuous exception. This neglect is partly due to the lack of expositions for the applied workers. However, the manner in which much geological data is now collected does make this application difficult. The aim of this paper is to explain the relevance of the possible models and methods and to indicate their data requirements. An appendix has been added on Matheron's work.
Annealing of Nanocrystalline Silicon Micro-bridges with Electrical Stress

Nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) micro-bridges are melted and crystallized through Joule heating by applying high-amplitude short duration voltage pulses. Full crystallization of nc-Si bridges is achieved by adjusting the voltage-pulse amplitude and duration. If the applied pulse cannot deliver enough energy to the bridges, only surface texture modification is observed. On the contrary, if the pulse is not terminated after the entire bridge melts, molten silicon diffuses on to the contact pads and the bridge tapers in the middle. Melting of the bridges can be monitored through current-time (I-t) and voltage-time (V-t) measurements during the electrical stress. Conductance of the bridges is enhanced after the electrical stress.
Varying effects of anadromous sockeye salmon on the trophic ecology of two species of resident salmonids in southwest Alaska

SUMMARY 1. Anadromous salmon transport marine-derived nutrients and carbon to freshwater and riparian ecosystems upon their return to natal spawning systems. The ecological implications of these subsidies on the trophic ecology of resident fish remain poorly understood despite broad recognition of their potential importance. 2. We studied the within-year changes in the ration size, composition and stable isotope signature of the diets of two resident salmonids (rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss; Arctic grayling, Thymallus arcticus) before and after the arrival of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to their spawning grounds in the Bristol Bay region of southwest Alaska. 3. Ration size and energy intake increased by 480–620% for both species after salmon arrived. However, the cause of the increases differed between species such that rainbow trout switched to consuming salmon eggs, salmon flesh and blowflies that colonized salmon carcasses, whereas grayling primarily ate more benthic invertebrates that were presumably made available because of physical disturbances by spawning salmon. 4. We also observed an increase in the d 15 N of rainbow trout diets post-salmon, but not for grayling. This presumably led to the observed increase in the d 15 N of rainbow trout with increasing body mass, but not for grayling. 5. Using a bioenergetics model, we predicted that salmon-derived resources contributed a large majority of the energy necessary for growth in this resident fish community. Furthermore, the bioenergetics model also showed how seasonal changes in diet affected the stable isotope ratios of both species. These results expand upon a growing body of literature that highlights the different pathways whereby anadromous salmon influence coastal ecosystems, particularly resident fish.
Grid-current measurements with a D-C analog computer

INCREASED USE of amplifiers at frequencies of 0 to 20 cycles per second has focused attention on the problem of designing direct-coupled amplifiers. Grid current, in particular, is a problem, inasmuch as it causes a change in tube bias that cannot be distinguished from a signal. For this reason, direct-coupled amplifiers are designed to operate in the region where grid current is normally considered negligible. Operation in this region, however, is not in itself a solution because even these small currents are significant in direct-coupled amplifiers. Since grid-current characteristics for this region are not included in handbooks, the designer must solve the new problem of measuring these currents.
Effects of calcitonin in Paget's disease and polyostotic fibrous dysplasia.

ABSTRACT The effects of porcine calcitonin, 4 or 8 MRC U/kg/day for 16 days, were investigated in 4 patients with Paget's disease, and in one patient with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. Balances of calcium and phosphorus and urinary hydroxyproline were determined in all of the patients and balances of sodium and potassium were measured in 4 of them. Calcitonin lowered fecal calcium and produced net retention of calcium in all of the patients with Paget's disease. It decreased urinary calcium in 3 of them and urinary hydroxyproline in 2 of them. With calcitonin there was an increase in urinary phosphorus and a decrease in urinary hydroxyproline in the patient with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. Calcitonin increased urinary sodium transiently in 3 patients and persistently in a patient with Paget's disease who had edema. The results suggest that calcitonin may be of therapeutic value in some patients with abnormalities in the metabolism of calcium or collagen.
Improving the efficiency of the log-rank test using auxiliary covariates

SUMMARY Under the assumption of proportional hazards, the log-rank test is optimal for testing the null hypothesis Ho: /3 = 0, where ,B denotes the logarithm of the hazard ratio. However, if there are additional covariates that correlate with survival times, making use of their information will increase the efficiency of the log-rank test. We apply the theory of semiparametrics to characterize a class of regular and asymptotically linear estimators for ,B when auxiliary covariates are incorporated into the model, and derive estimators that are more efficient. The Wald tests induced by these estimators are shown to be more powerful than the log-rank test. Simulation studies are used to illustrate the gains in efficiency.
A Study of Defects in Ordered Ternary Semiconductor Epilayers

Ordered GaxIn1-xP epilayers grown on GaAs substrates have been studied in the electron microscope. Dark-field images and high-resolution micrographs have directly revealed the presence of an ordering of the Ga and In (111) planes. Several different planar defects have been identified in the ordered structure. There is a very high density of faults parallel to the (001) growth surface. Models for these faults have been constructed in terms of stacking faults and twin boundaries in the ordered structure. Other flat planar defects which occur approximately parallel to (111) and (111) planes can also be described in these terms.
Charge density waves and phase transitions in 1T-TaS2

Abstract The integrated intensities of three Bragg reflections have been measured on an absolute basis between 5.0 and 300 K. The (00 16) varies smoothly over the whole temperature range, with Debye-like behavior above 100 K, with no discontinuities at the non commensurate-commensurate transition 1 T 2 ↔1 T 3 ( T ⋍ 190 K). The (00 16) is found to be 56% smaller than the expected value without CDW's, a discrepancy that cannot be attributed to extinction. On the contrary, reflections like the (0 4 0) and the (0 5 0) exhibit a temperature dependence entirely dominated by CDW's. Their intensities decrease as temperature is lowered, an opposite behavior to that predicted by standard Debye theory. Discontinuities are observed for the (0 5 0) data in the neighborhood of the hysteresis range associated with the 1 T 2 ↔1 T 3 transition. It is concluded that Ta atoms have a non-zero CDW amplitude component along the c -axis, which seems to be entirely temperature insensitive. In agreement with results obtained above 300 K, we conclude that all changes in CDW amplitudes at both polymorphic transitions only affect components along the basal planes.
Cytogenetic analysis of a series of 13 renal oncocytomas.

ABSTRACTPurpose: Only about 50 renal oncocytomas have been studied cytogenetically. They fall into 3 categories, namely 1—normal karyotype, 2—monosomy 1, often with Y chromosome loss, and 3—structural abnormalities of 11q13. Additional abnormalities may occur with transformation to chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, although exactly which one is unclear. We expanded the oncocytoma data base to shed light on changes that characterize transformation.Materials and Methods: A total of 14 oncocytomas from 12 patients were collected in 2½ years. One tumor failed to grow but 13 were successfully karyotyped.Results: Seven tumors (53.8%), including 2 from 1 kidney, had normal karyotypes or abnormalities characteristic of normal kidney tissue. A total of 6 tumors from 5 individuals (46.2%) had chromosome 1 abnormalities. Monosomy 1 was detected in 2 single tumors and in both tumors in a bilateral case. Structural anomalies resulting in loss of the short arm of chromosome 1 were found in an additional 2 patients. Oth...
Hippocampal theta oscillations are travelling waves

Theta oscillations clock hippocampal activity during awake behaviour and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. These oscillations are prominent in the local field potential, and they also reflect the subthreshold membrane potential and strongly modulate the spiking of hippocampal neurons. The prevailing view is that theta oscillations are synchronized throughout the hippocampus, despite the lack of conclusive experimental evidence. In contrast, here we show that in freely behaving rats, theta oscillations in area CA1 are travelling waves that propagate roughly along the septotemporal axis of the hippocampus. Furthermore, we find that spiking in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer is modulated in a consistent travelling wave pattern. Our results demonstrate that theta oscillations pattern hippocampal activity not only in time, but also across anatomical space. The presence of travelling waves indicates that the instantaneous output of the hippocampus is topographically organized and represents a segment, rather than a point, of physical space.
Functional linear discriminant analysis for irregularly sampled curves

We introduce a technique for extending the classical method of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to data sets where the predictor variables are curves or functions. This procedure, which we call functional linear discriminant analysis (FLDA), is particularly useful when only fragments of the curves are observed. All the techniques associated with LDA can be extended for use with FLDA. In particular FLDA can be used to produce classifications on new (test) curves, give an estimate of the discriminant function between classes and provide a one- or two-dimensional pictorial representation of a set of curves. We also extend this procedure to provide generalizations of quadratic and regularized discriminant analysis.
779-5 The Effect of Endothelial Stimulation on the Renal Circulation in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

Impairment of renal blood flow (RBF) is common in pts with chronic heart failure (CHF) and may lead to renal dysfunction. Although abnormal RBF may be due to depressed cardiac output, individual correlations are weak and suggest for local vasoregulatory mechanisms. We assessed the role of endothelium (END) derived nitric oxide (NO) on the renal circulation in 12 pts with CHF. Acetylcholine (ACh) (END-dependent vasodilator) and nitroglycerin (NTG) (END-independent vasodilator) were infused in a randomized, crossover design into the renal artery (RA). Effects on renal arterial (RAP) and renal venous IRVP) pressures, RA cross sectional area (CSA), RBF and renal vascular resistance (RVR) were studied. CSA was measured by intravascular ultrasound and RA flow velocity by a Doppler flow wire. The results were as follows: RAP mmHg RVP mmHg CSA mm2 RBF ml/min RVR dynes.cm-5 BLl 91 ± 4 10 ± 1.0 3.7 ± 0.3 610 ± 46 11171 ± 1295 ACh 10-8M 88 ± 4 10 ± 0.9 3.8 ± 0.4 * 1015 ± 118 * 6685 ± 723 * 10-7M 87 ± 4 10 ± 0.8 3.9 ± 0.3 * l360 ± 154 * 5188 ± 805 * 10-6M 90 ± 4 11 ± 0.9 4.0 ± 0.3 * 1499 ± 181 * 4868 ± 660 * BL2 91 ± 3 10 ± 1.0 3.5 ± 0.3 635 ± 30 10275 ± 931 NTG 10-7M 91 ± 4 10 ± 1.0 37 ± 0.3 † 782 ± 80 8842 ± 1060 10-6M 95 ± 4 10 ± 1.0 3.9 ± 0.3 † 753 ± 78 9972 ± 1415 10-5M 89 ± 3 10 ± 1.1 3.9 ± 0,3 † 755 ± 58 8595 ± 809 * p l 0.05 vs Baseline 1 (BL1) † p l 0.05 vs Baseline 2 (BL2) Conclusion 1) Exogenous NO (NTG) causes a vasodilatory effect on renal conductance but not on resistance vessels; 2) In contrast, stimulation of endothelium-derived NO results in a significant vasodilation of both conductance and resistance vessels. This effect leads to reduction in RVR and increase in RBF and may be an important regulatory mechanism of renal circulation in pts with CHF.
Visualizing analytical spatial autocorrelation components latent in spatial interaction data: An eigenvector spatial filter approach

Four decades ago, Curry (1972) argued that spatial autocorrelation (i.e., local distance and configuration effects) and distance decay (i.e., global distance effects) intermingle in the estimation of spatial interaction model specifications. Today, massive computer power available with a desktop PC offers the necessary resources to account for these spatial autocorrelation effects within spatial interaction. Simple gravity model respecifications have been analyzed by Griffith (2007) and by Fischer and Griffith (2008). These results have been extended to a doubly-constrained gravity model respecification by Griffith (2009a, 2009b). This paper summarizes results from a further refinement of this doubly-constrained respecification, namely differentiating within and between areal unit flows. In doing so, an eigenfunction-based spatial filter description of spatial autocorrelation is constructed, which lends itself to visualization of analytical spatial autocorrelation components. Results are illustrated with the 2000 journey-to-work dataset for the extended state of Pennsylvania, USA.
Pharmacology Review: Tin Mesoporphyrin for the Prevention of Severe Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

Competitive inhibitors of heme oxygenase (HO) have been studied as interventional agents for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Several naturally occurring and synthetic metalloporphyrins have been shown to be potent inhibitors of HO activity and effective in reducing bilirubin concentrations in vitro and in vivo. Targeting HO may aid in preventing hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. Tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP) has emerged as a potential agent for reducing total bilirubin concentrations in preterm newborns. Adverse effects associated with SnMP use include photosensitization (which complicates its use in conjunction with phototherapy), and potential inhibition of several other enzymes that have essential roles in metabolism. Clinical studies of SnMP have shown that it prevents excessive neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and reduces the need for neonatal phototherapy in term and near-term infants. Because further research, specifically safety investigations, are complicated, use of SnMP should be reserved for neonates who are at especially high risk for developing bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction or participating in clinical trials.
Engineering alternative butanol production platforms in heterologous bacteria

Alternative microbial hosts have been engineered as biocatalysts for butanol biosynthesis. The butanol synthetic pathway of Clostridium acetobutylicum was first re-constructed in Escherichia coli to establish a baseline for comparison to other hosts. Whereas polycistronic expression of the pathway genes resulted in the production of 34 mg/L butanol, individual expression of pathway genes elevated titers to 200 mg/L. Improved titers were achieved by co-expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae formate dehydrogenase while overexpression of E. coli glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase to elevate glycolytic flux improved titers to 580 mg/L. Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus subtilis were also explored as alternative production hosts. Polycistronic expression of butanol biosynthetic genes yielded butanol titers of 120 and 24 mg/L from P. putida and B. subtilis, respectively. Production in the obligate aerobe P. putida was dependent upon expression of bcd-etfAB. These results demonstrate the potential of engineering butanol biosynthesis in a variety of heterologous microorganisms, including those cultivated aerobically.
Trace based phase prediction for tightly-coupled heterogeneous cores

Heterogeneous multicore systems are composed of multiple cores with varying energy and performance characteristics. A controller dynamically detects phase changes in applications and migrates execution onto the most efficient core that meets the performance requirements. In this paper, we show that existing techniques that react to performance changes break down at fine-grain intervals, as performance variations between consecutive intervals are high. We propose a predictive trace-based switching controller that predicts an upcoming phase change in a program and preemptively migrates execution onto a more suitable core. This prediction is based on a phase's individual history and the current program context. Our implementation detects re-peatable code sequences to build history, uses these histories to predict an phase change, and preemptively migrates execution to the most appropriate core. We compare our method to phase prediction schemes that track the frequency of code blocks touched during execution as well as traditional reactive controllers, and demonstrate significant increases in prediction accuracy at fine-granularities. For a big-little heterogeneous system that is comprised of a high performing out-of-order core (Big) and an energy-efficient, in-order core (Little), at granularities of 300 instructions, the trace based predictor can spend 28% of execution time on the Little, while targeting a maximum performance degradation of 5%. This translates to an increased energy savings of 15% on average over running only on Big, representing a 60% increase over existing techniques.
Gap state spectroscopy using two beam photoconductivity in A-SI:H

Abstract Infrared quenching and enhancement of photoconductivity of amorphous silicon have been observed at room temperature using two beam photo-conductivity techniques. The photocurrent is established with hν > 1.5eV photons and modulated with photons with 0.6eV
Molecular weight determinations and the influence of gel density, protein charges and protein shape in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

Abstract The use of polyacrylamide gels as molecular sieves and electrophoresis as a transport mechanism provides a reliable procedure for estimating the molecular weight of proteins. A series of multimers derived from urease and from bovine serum albumin have been employed as standards. The method described may be used for proteins with a wide range of molecular weights.