cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reproductive behaviour of captive white-tailed deer

Abstract Observations on reproductive behaviour of captive yearling white-tailed deer (20 female and three male Odocoileus virginianus) were made from 5 November 1974 to 2 January 1975. Females were introduced individually into a 3.65 × 7.30-m pen with one of the males for a period of 5 min every day. Sexually receptive females were left with the males for longer periods, during which behavioural observations were recorded. Typical behaviour of males when a female entered the pen was to nose and lick the perineum and tarsal glands, and exhibit the Flehmen posture. Females not in oestrus did not allow the male to mount and avoided his efforts by fleeing about the pen. When this occurred, the males would usually attack non-receptive does, butting them in the side and abdominal area. During oestrus the female exhibited a mating stance and permitted the male to mount and copulate. Copulation invariably terminated with an ejaculatory thrust by the male. The female then assumed a post-copulatory posture that resembled the urination posture in many respects.
STPMiner: a highperformance spatiotemporal pattern mining toolbox

The volume of spatiotemporal data being generated from scientific simulations and observations from sensors is growing at an astronomical rate. This data explosion is going to pose three challenges to the existing data mining infrastructure: algorithmic, computational, and I/O. Over the years we have implemented several spatiotemporal data mining algorithms including: outliers/anomalies, colocation patterns, change patterns, clustering, classification, and prediction algorithms. In this paper we briefly discuss the core spatiotemporal pattern mining algorithms along with some of the computational and I/O challenges associated with the big data.
A test of the semyenov prediction technique in the central Aleutian Islands

Abstract The earthquake-prediction technique based on systematic temporal variations in the ratio of the two body-wave velocities has been tested for selected events in the central Aleutian Islands. The goal was to determine if the phenomenon occurs for earthquakes in an active island arc. Two groups of earthquakes were selected, each in a concentrated source volume and well-placed with respect to the available local seismograph network, one relatively shallow (20 km) and the other along the thrust zone (about 45 km deep). Observational difficulties inherent to an island arc, namely the depth of the hypocenters, the high noise levels, and the complex geology, limit the number of events available for analysis and cause considerable scatter in the data. Nevertheless, a positive result, in which the velocity ratio decreased by about 5%, was obtained for at least one event in the shallow group for which there were sufficient preceding events to establish a definite trend. No premonitory changes were seen for the deeper source volume. A simple extension of the theory of the Wadati diagram permits an estimate of the velocity ratio in the overlying layers as well as in the source medium. The data indicate that under Amchitka Island, the velocity ratio is 1.82 (Poisson's ratio 0.28) in the upper 10 km and 1.71–1.72 (Poisson's ratio 0.24) from 10 km to at least 45 km.
Immigrants' Perceptions of Their Native Language: Challenges to Actual Use and Maintenance.

This study examined immigrants' perceptions of their native language and factors that enhance or hinder its use and maintenance. Participants (N = 208) included immigrants to the United States. Results showed that immigrants perceive their native language positively, desire that their children use it alongside English, and perceive negative consequences related to speaking the native language. Immigrants use English more often than their native language. There were significant differences based on where children were born and visits to the native country. Reported factors enhancing the use of the native language are speaking the native language, exposure to native media, attending cultural events, interacting with other native speakers, and visits to the native country. Challenges are predominant use of English, fear of being perceived as different, friends and spouse who do not speak the same native language, limited visits to the native country, and lack of access to other native speakers.
The microstructure of peripheral nerves

This is an illustrated review of the basic essentials of the microstructure of peripheral nerves, with an emphasis on those aspects that can be considered relevant in clinical practice. The discussion includes basic definitions about nerves and their importance as well as a review of the exciting areas of normal and injured nerves.
Geochemistry of Late Cenozoic basalts from the Crary Mountains: characterization of mantle sources in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica

Abstract Late Cenozoic (9.34 to 0.04 Ma) alkaline basalts from the Crary Mountains, eastern Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica have low 87 Sr / 86 Sr (0.70267–0.70283), moderately high 143 Nd / 144 Nd (0.51286–0.51291) and high 206 Pb / 204 Pb (19.9–20.9) ratios. The Crary Mountains basalts together with Hobbs Coast basalts from western Marie Byrd Land have the strongest HIMU signature ( 206 Pb / 204 Pb >20.6 ) in the West Antarctic Rift System (WARS). There is no evidence of crustal contamination and their trace-element patterns are similar to HIMU basalts from oceanic islands. Higher concentrations of some large-ion lithophile (LIL) elements, particularly K, relative to oceanic HIMU, suggest melting of an enriched mantle. Models for small degrees of partial melting between 2% and 3% of a mantle peridotite containing 2.5% amphibole are consistent with trace-element variations in the basalts. The Crary data confirm the presence of a moderately depleted, lower-μ ( μ = 238 U / 204 Pb ) mantle component with a 206 Pb / 204 Pb signature between 19.3 and 19.8 in the source regions of West Antarctic basalts. The lower-μ component, defined by the focus of West Antarctic data arrays on 2-D and 3-D isotope plots, is prevalent as a mixing end-member throughout the WARS, whereas the HIMU component, defined by 206 Pb / 204 Pb ratios greater than 20.5, is present at only a few localities. The positive correlation of many highly incompatible trace-elements with 206 Pb / 204 Pb ratios indicate that smaller-degree melts preferentially sample the HIMU component, whereas larger degree melts sample the lower-μ component. We also suggest, based on variations in elements moderately incompatible to highly compatible in the mantle phases phlogopite and amphibole, that the lower-μ component is more hydrous than the HIMU source. The lower-μ and HIMU components are also found in alkaline basalts from Tasmania and New Zealand which were adjacent to the Antarctica coast prior to the mid-Cretaceous fragmentation of the proto-Pacific margin of Gondwanaland. We propose that before continental breakup, a HIMU-type mantle plume was trapped and stored beneath a much more extensive pre-existing metasomatised layer within the Gondwanaland lithosphere. Source regions for all known extreme HIMU basalts in the continental borderlands of the southwest Pacific would be encompassed by a modest plume head, 600–800 km in diameter, emplaced around 100 Ma. We suggest that an earlier metasomatic event, possibly related to the Jurassic Bouvet-plume, enriched the originally depleted upper mantle in highly incompatible elements. A fertile lithosphere formed by plume-driven melts and fluids during the Jurassic would allow for the widespread development of the present-day isotopic signature of the lower-μ source.
Spreading Depression and Neurovascular Coupling

Spreading depression, discovered by Leao in 1944,1 is an intense depolarization wave that slowly propagates (≈3 mm/min) in gray matter by way of contiguity, regardless of functional divisions or arterial territories. The depolarization is associated with massive transmembrane ionic and water shifts coupled to a surge in extracellular K+ and neurotransmitter levels, including glutamate. Transmembrane ionic gradients are restored within less than a minute in otherwise normal tissue without causing permanent injury. Dating back to Leao’s discovery, spreading depression has been implicated in migraine because of the similarities between electrophysiological characteristics of spreading depression and symptomatology of migraine aura.2–5 Although it has been known that ischemia could also trigger spreading depression,6 it was not until the 1980s that recurrent spreading depression-like depolarization waves were demonstrated in focal ischemic brain.7 Often termed peri-infarct depolarizations, or simply injury depolarizations, these recurrent waves seem to originate at the junction between the severely ischemic core (ie, tissue that has developed anoxic depolarization) and the moderately ischemic penumbra where all synaptic activity has ceased, but membrane potentials are preserved. Once initiated, injury depolarizations propagate along the infarct rim and often into the nonischemic tissue, and exert profound metabolic and hemodynamic effects to acutely exacerbate the supply–demand mismatch and worsen the ischemic tissue outcome. Over the past decade, injury depolarizations have been detected in human brain not only after ischemic stroke but also after subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral …
Growth of SiGe/Si quantum well structures by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition

First structural and electrical data are reported for SiGe/Si quantum well structures grown by a new ultra clean low temperature epitaxial deposition process at atmospheric pressure. It is found that the process suppresses the segregation of germanium, possibly by a chemical termination of the surface during the growth. Mutiple-quantum-well structures with controllable well widths and abrupt interfaces have been prepared at temperatures ranging from 550 to 650°C. Magneto-transport measurements of modulation doped quantum wells reveal hole mobilities of 2000 cm2/Vs at 4.2 K at a carrier density of 1.7*1012 cm−2 and a germanium concentration of 18% in the SiGe channel. Resonant tunneling diodes grown by this technique exhibit well resolved regions of negative differential resistance within a very symmetric I-V characteristic.
Outrageous political opinion and political anxiety in the US

Abstract In a time marked by declining audiences for nightly news broadcasts and dwindling newspaper readership, the audience size for outrage-based political opinion-media (e.g., The Rush Limbaugh Show, The O’Reilly Factor, The Ed Show) has grown dramatically. Existing research has shown that people gravitate toward media sources that support their pre-existing beliefs, but explanations for this tendency dwell upon psychological processes and perceptions of information quality. We find such explanations unsatisfying for this unique genre, and we apply a more sociological lens. Using in-depth interviews with fans and qualitative analyses of television and talk radio transcripts—this research shows how anxieties churned up by public political dialog and people's related tendency to avoid political talk with those outside their most trusted inner circles help to create powerful connections between charismatic political talk show hosts and their fans. Shifting the focus from the information desired by fans to experiences they value, and from psychological to social needs, we show that outrage-based political opinion programs create safe political spaces for fans. We end by suggesting how shifts in the broader political climate have left conservative audiences hungrier for such content.
GOES-R/ABI legacy profile algorithm evaluation using MSG/SEVIRI and AMSR-E

The algorithm for the current Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Sounders has been adapted to produce atmospheric temperature and moisture legacy profiles from simulated infrared radiances of the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) onboard the next generation GOES-R. The Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) onboard the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Meteosat-8/9 is used as proxy to test the algorithm because it has many of the same spectral and spatial features as ABI. The impact of radiative transfer model on the algorithm is evaluated by comparing two models: the PFAAST and the RTTOV9.1. It is found that RTTOV9.1 is better than PFAAST. The selection of numerical forecast profiles as first guess in the retrieval is another key factor. We compared the retrievals by using a global model (ECMWF 12H forecast) and a regional (RAM-3H forecast) as first guess, respectively. It is found that the retrieval of low-level water vapor by regional model is better than global model because of the higher spatial/temporal resolution of regional model.
Fluid evolution and graphite genesis in the deep continental crust

Metamorphism in deep continental crust is often accompanied by carbon-rich, H2O-poor fluids1–5, and is characterized by the development of granulite facies mineral assemblages3–5. Graphite, a minor phase in many high-grade metamorphic rocks6–17, has also been recognized in recent xenoliths of deep crustal material18, demonstrating its presence in modern deep continental crust. Although graphite is most common in biotite schists, it has also been recorded in pyroxene gneisses, two feldspar-quartz pegmatites, marbles and quartzo-feldspathic gneisses11,15–19. The presence of supracrustal sequences in granulite facies regions6–19 suggests that the latter developed through progressive metamorphism and dehydration of shallow level crustal material. Much of this material must have experienced a metamorphic recrystallization in the amphibolite facies, accompanied by the development of hornblende. Although graphite in the high-grade rock may develop from oxidation of organic material, this may not be the most common means for graphite genesis. In much of West Greenland14 and in southern Norway12 the low-grade, hornblende-bearing material does not contain significant quantities of organic compounds, although graphite is found in higher-grade metamorphic equivalents. This strongly suggests that introducing CO2 into deep crustal material leads to fluid evolution and graphite formation. I outline here the evolution of fluid composition in the C–O–H system which is in equilibrium with common crustal mineral assemblages. Thermodynamic data for CO2–H2O mixtures20 and mineral components21 are used to model the chemical changes in fluid composition which accompany introduction of CO2 into various types of rock. The results demonstrate that graphite genesis is a direct consequence of deep crustal metamorphism in the presence of a CO2-rich fluid phase. In addition, the calculations demonstrate that the deep continental crust will not be a reservoir for large volumes of methane-rich gas.
Seizures Presenting as Apnea in Near Term Neonates (P02.178)

Objective: To assess the occurrence of seizures presenting as apnea, in infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Background Electroencephalogram (EEG) is commonly requested by neonatologists in the neonatal intensive care unit, for the investigation of primary apnea and potential seizure etiology of it. Design/Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of infants requiring EEG for clinical suspicion of seizures, during their hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit. All infants were admitted during a two year period from October 2008 until May 2011. Results: 7 infants had apnea, as a single symptom, not explained by other co-morbidities, concerning for presentation of clinical seizures. All infants with apnea were older than 35 weeks gestational age. One out of seven infants had a documented electrographic seizure during monitoring, while two out of seven infants had abnormalities in their EEG. 4 out of 7 infants were treated with an initial loading dose of of Phenobarbital. Of those infants treated 2 infants had normal EEG. Among the 7 children 1 patient had a diagnosis of subdural hematoma, 1 patient had intraventricular haemorrhage, 1 patient had a diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage and 4 patients had a primary diagnosis of apnea. Conclusions: This study of patients with epilepsy shows that apnea is a common reason for request of EEG in the neonatal intensive care unit. The majority of our patients (5/7) had a normal EEG tracing and only one patient had a documented electrographic seizure. Nevertheless 4 patients were treated with phenobarbital, based on the clinical suspicion of seizures, and only half of those had an abnormal EEG. We believe that the differential of neonates with apnea should include seizures, but the initiation of Phenobarbital should be delayed until after these infants are studied meticulously with continuous EEG. Disclosure: Dr. Arkilo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Malek has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tarui has nothing to disclose.
Anomalous myopias and the intermediate dark focus of accommodation

The dark focus of accommodation for an individual observer correlates highly with the magnitude of night, empty field, and instrument myopia. These anomalous myopias are interpreted as resulting from the passive return of accommodation to an individually determined intermediate dark focus when the stimulus for accommodation is degraded or absent, or when the need for accommodation is eliminated.
Finding the Real Differences Between Learning Algorithms

In the process of selecting a machine learning algorithm to solve a problem, questions like the following commonly arise: (1) Are some algorithms basically the same, or are they fundamentally different? (2) How different? (3) How do we measure that difference? (4) If we want to combine algorithms, what algorithms and combinators should be tried? This research proposes COD (Classifier Output Difference) distance as a diversity metric. COD separates difference from accuracy, COD goes beyond accuracy to consider differences in output behavior as the basis for comparison. The paper extends earlier on COD by giving a basic comparison to other diversity metrics, and by giving an example of using COD data as a predictive model from which to select algorithms to include in an ensemble. COD may fill a niche in metalearning as a predictive aid to selecting algorithms for ensembles and hybrid systems by providing a simple, straightforward, computationally reasonable alternative to other approaches.
Instrumentation Techniques in High Voltage Substations - Part II Measuring Devices and Circuits

Resistance dividers, capacitance dividers, shunts, termination resistors, and multi-coupling devices have been developed to use with triaxial cable during EMI, LVI, and transient potential measurements. Arcing disconnects switches - back-to-back switching of shunt capacitor produce EMI voltages, intercept potential on fences and ground mat potential rise. Circuits used to measure these voltages and a method to measure ground mat surge impedance is summarized in this report.
Thickness of the human cerebral cortex is associated with metrics of cerebrovascular health in a normative sample of community dwelling older adults.

Abstract We examined how wide ranges in levels of risk factors for cerebrovascular disease are associated with thickness of the human cerebral cortex in 115 individuals ages 43–83 with no cerebrovascular or neurologic history. Cerebrovascular risk factors included blood pressure, cholesterol, body mass index, creatinine, and diabetes-related factors. Variables were submitted into a principal components analysis that confirmed four orthogonal factors (blood pressure, cholesterol, cholesterol/metabolic and glucose). T1-weighted MRI was used to create models of the cortex for calculation of regional cortical thickness. Increasing blood pressure factor scores were associated with numerous regions of reduced thickness. Increasing glucose scores were modestly associated with areas of regionally decreased thickness. Increasing cholesterol scores, in contrast, were associated with thicker cortex across the whole brain. All findings were primarily independent of age. These results provide evidence that normal and moderately abnormal levels of parameters used to assess cerebrovascular health may impact brain structure, even in the absence of cerebrovascular disease. Our data have important implications for the clinical management of vascular health, as well as for what is currently conceptualized as “normal aging” as they suggest that subclinical levels of risk may impact cortical gray matter before a disease process is evident.
Revision of achievement goal theory: Necessary and illuminating.

C. Midgley et al. (2001) raised important questions about the effects of performance-approach goals. The present authors disagree with their characterization of the research findings and implications for theory. They discuss 3 reasons to revise goal theory: (a) the importance of separating approach from avoidance strivings, (b) the positive potential of performance-approach goals, and (c) identification of the ways performance-approach goals can combine with mastery goals to promote optimal motivation. The authors review theory and research to substantiate their claim that goal theory is in need of revision, and they endorse a multiple goal perspective. The revision of goal theory is underway and offers a more complex, but necessary, perspective on important issues of motivation, learning, and achievement. In tins response. the authors dispel interpretation of their critical review of research on performance-approach goals as support for a dichotomous perspective of achievement goal theory. Second, the authors challenge the suggestion that accepting recent research findings and adopting a multiple goals perspective constitutes a theoretical revision of the assumption that mastery goals are always good and performance goals are always bad (J. M. Harackiewicz. K. E. Barron, P. R. Pintrich, P. R. Elliot, & T. M. Thrash. 2002, p. 643). The authors make a distinction between developments that contribute to the explanatory power of the theory and value-laden interpretations of theory and research. The authors argue that phrasing the latter in terms of the former is misleading and that it masks the necessity for a critical discussion over the desired purposes in different types of achievement contexts.
Localized closed-loop temperature control and regulation in hybrid silicon/silicone life science microsystems

We present hybrid silicon/silicone microsystem for closed-loop temperature control with applications in the life sciences. The system architecture includes an integrated CMOS die for localized thermal cycling and a disposable PDMS microfluidic structure for aseptic fluidic manipulation. Chip design, experimental results and finite element analysis are presented. This work is based on criteria for a clinical diagnostics system comprised of disposable microfluidics for use in tandem with CMOS electronics.
LATERAL LOAD BEHAVIOR OF CAST-IN-DRILLED-HOLE PILES IN WEAKLY CEMENTED SAND

Naturally occurring, weakly cemented sand is common along the southern California coast, as is the practice of using cast-in-drilled-hole (CIDH) piles in this type of soil. However, information on the lateral load behavior of piles for this soil type is limited. In current design practice, the standard p-y curves for sand are frequently used to analyze the lateral pile responses in cemented sand by neglecting the resistance from the soil cohesion. However, the accuracy of using these p-y curves for weakly cemented sand has not been evaluated, particularly for a wide range of pile diameters. Therefore, instrumented CIDH piles with diameters ranging from 0.4 to 1.2 m were installed in dense, weakly cemented sand and tested under lateral loading. On the basis of a comparison of backcalculated p-y curves for different pile diameters, the effect of pile diameter on the p-y curves was insignificant at load levels below the ultimate lateral soil capacity. Furthermore, the standard p-y curves currently available ...
Network utility maximization of MIMO cognitive radio network with total interference-power constraints

In a MIMO cognitive radio network, multiple secondary users sense the spatial channels and share the spectrum with incumbent primary users. Each secondary transmitter competes with others to increase its own information rate while limiting interference to the primary receivers. In this paper, we consider the interference constraint as the total interference power at the primary receiver caused by all the secondary transmissions. The problem of optimal secondary transmissions is modeled as a network utility maximization problem. The network utility function takes the weighted sum or the product of the maximum information rates achievable by the secondary users. With approximation that decouples the individual utilities of different secondary users, the network utility maximization problem becomes convex and has a unique solution. Cooperative game is adopted for the secondary transmissions in order to reach a Pareto-efficient equilibrium. A distributed algorithm is further developed that converges quickly to the Nash bargaining solution with moderate signaling within the secondary user network.
Thermal management of BioMEMS

Integrated microfluidic devices for amplification and detection of biological samples that employ closed-loop temperature monitoring and control have been demonstrated within a multilayer low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) platform. Devices designed within this platform demonstrate a high level of integration including integrated microfluidic channels, thick-film screen-printed Ag-Pd heaters, surface mounted temperature sensors, and air-gaps for thermal isolation. In addition, thermal-fluidic finite element models have been developed using CFDRC ACE+ software which allow for optimization of such parameters as heater input power, fluid flow rate, sensor placement, and air-gap size and placement. Two examples of devices that make use of these concepts are provided. The first is a continuous flow polymerase chain reaction (PCR) device that requires three thermally isolated zones of 94/spl deg/C, 65/spl deg/C, and 72/spl deg/C, and the second is an electronic DNA detection chip which requires hybridization at 35/spl deg/C. Both devices contain integrated heaters and surface mount silicon transistors which function as temperature sensors. Closed loop feedback control is provided by an external PI controller that monitors the temperature dependent I-V relationship of the sensor and adjusts heater power accordingly. Experimental data confirms that better than +/- 0.5/spl deg/C can be maintained for these devices irrespective of changing ambient conditions. In addition, excellent matching with model predictions has been achieved, thus providing a powerful design tool for thermal-fluidic microsystems.
Lifetime exposure to a soluble TGF-β antagonist protects mice against metastasis without adverse side effects

TGF-βs play diverse and complex roles in many biological processes. In tumorigenesis, they can function either as tumor suppressors or as pro-oncogenic factors, depending on the stage of the disease. We have developed transgenic mice expressing a TGF-β antagonist of the soluble type II TGF-β receptor:Fc fusion protein class, under the regulation of the mammary-selective MMTV-LTR promoter/enhancer. Biologically significant levels of antagonist were detectable in the serum and most tissues of this mouse line. The mice were resistant to the development of metastases at multiple organ sites when compared with wild-type controls, both in a tail vein metastasis assay using isogenic melanoma cells and in crosses with the MMTV-neu transgenic mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. Importantly, metastasis from endogenous mammary tumors was suppressed without any enhancement of primary tumorigenesis. Furthermore, aged transgenic mice did not exhibit the severe pathology characteristic of TGF-β null mice, despite lifetime exposure to the antagonist. The data suggest that in vivo the antagonist may selectively neutralize the undesirable TGF-β associated with metastasis, while sparing the regulatory roles of TGF-βs in normal tissues. Thus this soluble TGF-β antagonist has potential for long-term clinical use in the prevention of metastasis.
A diagnostic marker for childhood apraxia of speech: the lexical stress ratio.

This report includes an extended review of the contemporary inclusionary criteria used to identify children with suspected apraxia of speech (sAOS) and describes findings supporting a lexical stress marker for sAOS. The thesis is that although a deficit in speech praxis is the core disorder in sAOS, only a few diagnostic markers for sAOS assess this speech motor control construct. The proposed marker is a composite lexical stress ratio (LSR) that quantifies the acoustic correlates of stress (frequency, intensity, duration) in bisyllabic word forms. Responses to a lexical stress task were obtained from 35 participants referred for a study of apraxia of speech. Eleven of the children were classified as sAOS, because they met one or both of two investigator groups’ provisional criteria for sAOS. The 24 remaining children who did not meet either group’s criteria were classified as having speech delay (SD). The first question posed was whether the LSR scores of children with sAOS differed from those of children with SD. Findings were affirmative. Of the six LSRs at the upper and lower extremes of the obtained distributions of LSR scores (approximately 8% of scores at each end), five (83%) were from speakers with sAOS (pv0.003). The second question was whether findings for the sAOS speakers were more consistent with deficits in speech motor control or with deficits in underlying phonological representational aspects of lexical stress. A parsimonious interpretation of the present findings, together with findings from other studies, suggests that they reflect the prosodic consequences of a praxis deficit in speech motor control.
Intravital Microscopy: Visualizing Immunity in Context

Recent advances in photonics, particularly multi-photon microscopy (MPM) and new molecular and genetic tools are empowering immunologists to answer longstanding unresolved questions in living animals. Using intravital microscopy (IVM) investigators are dissecting the cellular and molecular underpinnings controlling immune cell motility and interactions in tissues. Recent IVM work showed that T cell responses to antigen in lymph nodes are different from those observed in vitro and appear dictated by factors uniquely relevant to intact organs. Other IVM models, particularly in the bone marrow, reveal how different anatomic contexts regulate leukocyte development, immunity, and inflammation. This article will discuss the current state of the field and outline how IVM can generate new discoveries and serve as a "reality check" for areas of research that were formerly the exclusive domain of in vitro experimentation.
Cross-Cultural Validation of a Measure of Asocial Behavior:

The California Psychological Inventory (CPI) seeks to measure dispositions having universal status, of value in forecasting and conceptualizing interpersonal behavior anywhere. Under this rationale...
Presynaptic control of modulatory fibers by their neural network targets.

Numerous modulatory fibers control the output of the pyloric and gastric mill neural networks in the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG). We now describe the first results of intracellular recordings from the axon of one of these input neurons, stomatogastric nerve axon 1 (SNAX 1), close to where it enters the STG. SNAX 1 excites both the pyloric and gastric mill rhythms and is identified on the basis of its synaptic interactions with identified STG neurons. SNAX 1 receives synaptic input from several sources within the STG. As a result of these synaptic inputs, SNAX 1 fires bursts of action potentials that are time-locked to both the pyloric and gastric mill rhythms. The synaptic connections made onto the SNAX axon terminals are likely to play important roles in shaping the impulse activity patterns in these modulatory inputs. Thus, the fibers that modulate the pattern- generating networks in the STG are themselves influenced by elements in these networks, and modulation is a dynamic interaction between input fibers and STG neurons.
Neural network design of a dishwasher control board

In this paper, a novel approach to designing an advanced control board for use in appliance control, specifically dishwasher control. A software model of the control board is constructed in order to understand the control path to be designed, and this is used as a benchmark for an innovative controller. Hardware control of the dishwasher is realized by use of an Invensys control systems tool, the Control Works and Interface Box, designed for hardware controller design. The 'brain' of the dishwasher is a neural network using the Widrow/Hoff learning method. Smart control is achieved using sensors, timing mechanisms and the Widrow/Hoff neural network.
A generic computer simulation model to characterize photolithography manufacturing area in an IC fab facility

A generic computer simulation model has been developed to characterize the photolithography area in a semiconductor fabrication facility at Intel. Use of simulation to study the impact of policy decisions on key manufacturing system parameters like product cycle time, line throughput, work-in-process inventory, and utilizations are discussed. Details on the structured modeling approach taken to develop reusable simulation models are also discussed. A number of simulation sensitivity analyses were performed for the photolithography manufacturing area. These included experiments to analyze: (a) the impact of a changing quantity of process equipment on manufacturing performance, (b) the impact of a changing quantity of operators on manufacturing performance, (c) variation in throughput time through each of the lithography steps, (d) utilization of each piece of process equipment, and (e) utilization of each of the operators. >
The Transport of Prolamine RNAs to Prolamine Protein Bodies in Living Rice Endosperm Cells

RNAs that code for the major rice storage proteins are localized to specific subdomains of the cortical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in developing endosperm. Prolamine RNAs are localized to the ER and delimit the prolamine intracisternal inclusion granules (PB-ER), whereas glutelin RNAs are targeted to the cisternal ER. To study the transport of prolamine RNAs to the surface of the prolamine protein bodies in living endosperm cells, we adapted a two-gene system consisting of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to the viral RNA binding protein MS2 and a hybrid prolamine RNA containing tandem MS2 RNA binding sites. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy, we show that the GFP-labeled prolamine RNAs are transported as particles that move at an average speed of 0.3 to 0.4 μm/s. These prolamine RNA transport particles generally move unidirectionally in a stop-and-go manner, although nonlinear bidirectional, restricted, and nearly random movement patterns also were observed. Transport is dependent on intact microfilaments, because particle movement is inhibited rapidly by the actin filament–disrupting drugs cytochalasin D and latrunculin B. Direct evidence was obtained that these prolamine RNA-containing particles are transported to the prolamine protein bodies. The significance of these results with regard to protein synthesis in plants is discussed.
Academic Integrity: Behaviors, Rates, and Attitudes of Business Students toward Cheating

A sample of 1,063 students who were enrolled in an undergraduate marketing course at a large Southeastern university was employed to examine the effects of perceived and admitted cheating behavior on four dimensions of academic integrity and to compare self-report measures of cheating with simulated behavior. Scales representing ways and means to curb cheating, moralistic attitudes toward cheating, cheating locale, and impact on students were developed and tested. Results of MANOVAs suggest that both perceived and admitted cheating behaviors affect the attitudes and opinions of students along these dimensions. A comparison of self-reports with simulated behaviors suggest that self-reports tend to underestimate current rates and that cheating rates are behavior specific. Research and educational implications of the study's results are discussed.
The Effects of Quantitative Easing on Interest Rates

We evaluate the effect of the Federal Reserve’s purchase of long-term Treasuries and other long-term bonds ("QE1" in 2008-2009 and "QE2" in 2010-2011) on interest rates. Using an event-study methodology that exploits both daily and intra-day data, we find a large and significant drop in nominal interest rates on long-term safe assets (Treasuries, Agency bonds, and highly-rated corporate bonds). This occurs mainly because there is a unique clientele for long-term safe nominal assets, and the Fed purchases reduce the supply of such assets and hence increase the equilibrium safety-premium. We find only small effects on nominal (default-adjusted) interest rates on less safe assets such as Baa corporate rates. The impact of quantitative easing on MBS rates is large when QE involves MBS purchases, but not when it involves Treasury purchases, indicating that a second main channel for QE is to affect the equilibrium price of mortgage-specific risk. Evidence from inflation swap rates and TIPS show that expected inflation increased due to both QE1 and QE2, implying that reductions in real rates were larger than reductions in nominal rates. Our analysis implies that (a) it is inappropriate to focus only on Treasury rates as a policy target because QE works through several channels that affect particular assets differently, and (b) effects on particular assets depend critically on which assets are purchased.
Psoriasis treatment 2003 at the new millennium: position paper on behalf of the authors.

P soriasis is a chronic immune-mediated disease that frustrates patients and, all too often, the dermatologists who treat them. New treatments offer the promise of change. Advances in the understanding of the immune basis of psoriasis have led to the development of therapies targeted at immune/inflammatory pathways leading to psoriasis that are safer and more effective. As dermatologists who have seen the results of these drugs firsthand in clinical trials, we see our specialty at the cusp of a revolution, a revolution that will bring new opportunities and benefits to our patients. These new agents will usher in a whole new era of systemic medications for patients suffering from psoriasis.
Sign Cauchy Projections and Chi-Square Kernel

The method of stable random projections is useful for efficiently approximating the lα distance (0 < α ≤ 2) in high dimension and it is naturally suitable for data streams. In this paper, we propose to use only the signs of the projected data and we analyze the probability of collision (i.e., when the two signs differ). Interestingly, when α = 1 (i.e., Cauchy random projections), we show that the probability of collision can be accurately approximated as functions of the chi-square (Χ2) similarity. In text and vision applications, the Χ2 similarity is a popular measure when the features are generated from histograms (which are a typical example of data streams). Experiments confirm that the proposed method is promising for large-scale learning applications. The full paper is available at arXiv:1308.1009. There are many future research problems. For example, when α → 0, the collision probability is a function of the resemblance (of the binary-quantized data). This provides an effective mechanism for resemblance estimation in data streams.
How Do Humans Teach: On Curriculum Learning and Teaching Dimension

We study the empirical strategies that humans follow as they teach a target concept with a simple 1D threshold to a robot.1 Previous studies of computational teaching, particularly the teaching dimension model and the curriculum learning principle, offer contradictory predictions on what optimal strategy the teacher should follow in this teaching task. We show through behavioral studies that humans employ three distinct teaching strategies, one of which is consistent with the curriculum learning principle, and propose a novel theoretical framework as a potential explanation for this strategy. This framework, which assumes a teaching goal of minimizing the learner's expected generalization error at each iteration, extends the standard teaching dimension model and offers a theoretical justification for curriculum learning.
Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Prophylaxis for Proximal Deep Venous Thrombosis after Total Hip Replacement

The efficacy of intermittent pneumatic compression in the prevention of proximal deep venous thrombosis was determined in a consecutive series of patients who had primary or revision total hip replacement. Two hundred and eighty-nine patients (242 primary and eighty revision hip replacements) who were at least forty years old were managed intraoperatively and postoperatively with intermittent pneumatic compression with use of thigh-high sequential compression sleeves and thigh-high elastic compression stockings as the only form of prophylaxis. Venous ultrasonography of the ipsilateral lower extremity was performed, at an average of five days postoperatively, to determine the presence of a thrombus in the femoral and popliteal veins. The prevalence of proximal deep venous thrombosis was 6 per cent (twenty of 322 procedures), and no patient had a clinically detected pulmonary embolism. The prevalence of a proximal thrombus was 4 per cent (ten of 233 procedures) when a regional anesthetic had been used and 11 per cent (ten of eighty-nine procedures) when a general anesthetic had been used; this difference was significant (p = 0.02). The prevalence of a proximal thrombus was 3 per cent (eight of 245 procedures) for patients who were less than seventy-five years old and 16 per cent (twelve of seventy-seven procedures) for patients who were seventy-five years old or more (p < 0.0001). No patient had a major bleeding complication. Twenty-nine other patients who had an additional risk factor for thrombosis, such as a history of deep venous thrombosis, were managed with intermittent pneumatic compression and low-dose warfarin. The prevalence of proximal deep venous thrombosis in this group of patients was 19 per cent (six of thirty-one procedures). Intraoperative and postoperative intermittent pneumatic compression, combined with the use of a regional anesthetic, was found to be highly effective in the prevention of proximal deep venous thrombosis after total hip replacement. Despite the limitations inherent in comparisons among series, it is noteworthy that the prevalence of proximal thrombosis in our series was similar to the reported prevalences in several large series of patients who had a total hip replacement and were managed with either low-dose warfarin or low-molecular-weight heparin. However, there was no risk of major postoperative bleeding in the current study.
The Tragedy of Becoming: Hegel in Cruz’s Anna in the Tropics

The small world of Nilo Cruz’s Anna in the Tropics brings to light a collision between historical and cultural forces personified in the play. It is this drama’s singular transitional moment, the end of the cycle for a way of life represented by Cruz’s characters that reverberates both tension and meaning for modern audiences. The resolution of a conflict between two of the play's central characters effects questions that hover over the play's final tragic tableaux. Their clash of seemingly justifiable positions frames Anna in the Tropics as a dialectical drama that is redolent in many ways of G.W.F.’s Hegel’s view of tragedy, as evidenced by his analysis of Sophocles’ Antigone . The dialectical form of Anna in the Tropics discloses what it means to enter a world of becoming for its immigrant characters of the Depression Era and for its modern audiences as well.
Agrilus (s. str.) betulanigrae MacRae (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Agrilini), a new species from North America, with comments on subgeneric placement and a key to the otiosus species-group in North America

Agrilus (s. str.) betulanigrae n. sp. is described from southeastern Missouri in eastern North America. The species is described, photographs of the holotype and male genitalia are presented, and comparisons are made to related species. Comments on the subgeneric placement of species in the Agrilus otiosus species-group, to which A. betulanigrae belongs, and a key to males of the Nearctic species are also presented.
Tying hands and cutting ties: Explaining the divergence between the EU and the US in global banking reform since the crisis

In the implementation of banking regulations stemming from the Basel Committee, the EU and the United States have diverged sharply in the ways they have chosen to implement. In a significant break with past trends, the EU has shaped and re-defined the content of Basel III such that in several areas it is materially non-compliant with it. In contrast, the United States has in many cases gone over and above minimum standards. What explains this US-EU divergence? I focus on the potential causal role of the banking industry itself in bringing about this divergence. I argue that while advocacy by the banking industry is a natural culprit for this divergence, it is incorrect to assume that financial industry advocacy efforts in the EU were simply more powerful than their weaker US counterparts over global rules. The banking reform agenda, from the start, was characteristic of regulatory opportunism by the US regulators. While many advocacy efforts subsequent to Basel III’s formation were successful in the EU, their policy-shaping capacities were largely a function of the ability to ‘win back’ ground that was lost in earlier phases in Basel when US regulators were able to set the agenda. Thus, while the EU-US divergence we observe is real and important, it is not monocausally the result of stronger banking lobbies in Europe.
TCTAP C-185 Successful Endovascular Intervention for Below-the-Knee Arteries Using Various Bailout Techniques

### Patient initials or identifier number T.O ### Relevant clinical history and physical exam We present the case of a 60’s female with hypertension, dyslipidemia and hemodialysis due to diabetes mellitus. She presented rest pain of her right leg and was admitted to our hospital in August 2014
Nowlan’s the Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner

(1997). Nowlan’s the Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner. The Explicator: Vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 107-111.
A Cladistics Analysis Exploring Regional Patterning of the Anthropomorphic Figurines from the Gravettian

Numerous studies have interpreted the anthropomorphic “Venus” statuettes of the Gravettian. However, few of these studies have scrutinized the figurines at an individual level or used quantitative analyses in order to understand similarities within sites or between regions. This study tests two hypotheses. The first one, by Leroi-Gourhan, suggests that the Gravettian statuettes share core similarities regardless of where they were created. If correct, statuettes should not be grouped according to the region that they were made. The second hypothesis, by Gvozdover, suggests a Kostenki-Avdeevo unity. Her hypothesis suggests blending among cultures in the Russian Plains and that there are “types” of statuettes that are not restricted to a particular site. Here cladistics methods are used in order to understand whether ethnogenesis (blending) or cladogenesis (branching) has occurred in the production of “Venus” making. Results confirm and extend Gvozdover’s hypothesis suggesting cultural and ideological connections for “Venus” making in the Russian Plains and also support the uniqueness of a few European statuettes.