cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Timelessness, Foreknowledge, and Free Will

Accordingly, what God knows should properly be expressed not by means of sentences containing adverbs like 'now' or 'here', but by means of propositions that transform such reflexives by specifying time, place, and so on. And of course there are further, logical limitations on what God can be said to know; for example 'God cannot know all that Jones knows under all possible descriptions without ceasing to be an individual distinct from Jones.' But nevertheless, Helm insists, God 'does know all true propositions if he is omniscient' (p. 52z). Secondly, argues Helm, not only can a timeless God be said to know, he can also be meaningfully said to foreknow, in so far as 'foreknowledge applies not to a timeless knower's knowledge of certain events or actions, but to a temporal agent's recognition of timeless knowledge'. Accordingly, while no timeless knower could truly say 'I foreknow that A' (since here the temporal relation implied by the prefix 'fore-' applies reflexively to the knowing subject) the statement 'He foreknows that A' can quite legitimately be made by a temporal individual about an omniscient timeless knower (pp. 524-525)-presumably so long as the utterance temporally precedes A. So far so good. But having established a sense in which foreknowing and timeless knowing are not mutually exclusive Helm feels he has demonstrated that the notion of timelessness can no longer be seen as supporting the view that divine omniscience and human freedom are compatible. He concludes thus:
“MAKE ROOM FOR US”: JEWISH COLLECTIVE SOLIDARITY IN CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL THOUGHT

A disproportionate number of American Jewish and Israeli-born public intellectuals, including theorists such as Michael Walzer and Yael Tamir, have played a significant role in mapping the parameters of what it means to be a citizen and part of a particular ethnic or national group today. Many of these theorists share an interest in challenging the dominant nationalist outlook by articulating the moral and practical case for minority ethnic, national, and religious groups. While scholars of Jewish studies have long left public intellectuals who happen to be Jewish outside the parameters of the field, this study suggests expanding Jewish political thought to consider the connection between Jewish interests and mainstream theories of nationalism and multiculturalism.
Effect of Prednisolone on Synthesis of DNA and RNA by Human Lymphocytes in vitro

THE ability of the extract of Phaseolus vulgaris, phytohaemagglutinin, to initiate the synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication and cytokinesis in human lymphocytes in vitro is well known1–3. It has recently been shown that the response of normal human lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin can be markedly altered by the serum which is used to bolster the culture medium1. Of the sera which markedly depressed this response, some were obtained from patients with lymphocytic diseases; of these, many were treated with corticosteroids. We decided, therefore, to investigate the effects of corticosteroids on these cultures. Accordingly, we have measured the in vitro responsiveness initiated in normal human peripheral lymphocytes in the presence of increasing doses of prednisolone-21-phosphate by phytohaemagglutinin.
Genes upregulated in human fetal membranes by infection or labor.

Abstract Objective : To determine whether suppression subtractive hybridization can detect genes in fetal membranes that are upregulated by infection, preterm premature rupture of membranes (PROM), or labor. Methods : Using suppression subtractive hybridization, messenger RNAs from a preterm fetal membrane obtained at cesarean delivery without labor (control) were subtracted from a pool of messenger RNAs of three patients with preterm PROM and vaginal delivery. Eight candidate genes identified as upregulated were quantitated by Northern analysis in each of the tissues and in additional patient subgroups. Results : Eight differentially upregulated genes were identified Inpreterm labor with PROM. Four of the genes are known to be involved in the response to inflammation or infection, and subsequent histologic examination showed one of the preterm PROM tissues to be infected. F-actin capping protein and chitinase precursor, not previously known to be involved in infection, were also upregulated in the infected tissue from preterm PROM. Northern blots using additional subgroups of patients showed that a regulatory G-protein signaling protein gene was significantly upregulated at term by labor in addition to significant upregulation of interleukin-8. There was a strong correlation between the gene expression for complement factor-B and duration of membrane rupture in the patients with preterm PROM. Conclusion : Two novel genes potentially involved in the response to inflammation or infection have been identified. A regulatory G-protein signaling protein and interleukin-8 gene expression were upregulated by labor. Complement factor-B gene expression was directly related to the duration of membrane rupture.
Forms of knowledge, cognitive impairment and drug abuse: A demonstration

Abstract 1. 1. Chronic abusers of alcohol and other drugs often exhibit persistent deficits on neuropsychological tests. 2. 2. These deficits are usually attributed to drug-induced brain dysfunction or to familial factors that depress performance independent of drug abuse. 3. 3. The aim of this study was to determine the plausibility of a third explanation: namely that some neuropsychological deficits of drug abusers arise because they acquire different forms of knowledge from non-drug abusers. This hypothesis predicts that drug abusers should excel on tests of knowledge that is related to their lifestyle. 4. 4. Sixty-three clients from a local methadone clinic and a comparison group of 24 non-abusing subjects who were knowledgeable about drugs listened to a song about cocaine addiction. They were asked to identify the title, artist, year the song was first popular and the meaning of the song. 5. 5. There were no significant differences between the groups in identifying the song title, artist or year, but the drug-abusers were significantly more likely to state that the song was about cocaine or drug addiction. 6. 6. In interpreting deficits by drug abusers on neuropsychological tests, differences in knowledge acquired should be considered.
A Plating Technique for the Selective Isolation of Yeast Utilizing Water Immiscible Carbon

An emulsion overlay plating technique was developed for the rapid and selective isolation of yeast that assimilate water immiscible substrates. The plating medium contains a defined enrichment broth and an Aniline blue agar base. Growth is easily detected by colony dye concentration, decolorization zones around colonies and fluorescence of colonies under long wave UV light.
Should women with poor prognostic factors for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation undergo in vitro fertilization (COH-IVF) using ganirelix?

hormonal levels after pituitary suppression (data not shown). Their diagnosis was comparable between groups except for low responder patients who were significantly higher in group 2 (34.8% vs 10.9%). The results from the ultrasound measurements and IVF outcome were as follows (see table). Pregnancy and implantation rates were comparable, but the cancellation rate was 1.2% vs 39.1%, in group 1 and 2 respectively (p # 0.001).
The Moral Disengagement Scale: Extension with an American Minority Sample

This study extended an investigation by A. Bandura, C. Barbaranelli, G. V. Caprara, and C. Pastorelli (1996) by examining the structure, reliability, and correlates of the Moral Disengagement Scale (MDS), which measures disengagement from moral self-sanctions. Furthermore, the role of moral disengagement in the association between parenting and child behavior was examined. Two hundred and forty-five African American single-parent mothers and one of their children (mean age = 11.4 years) participated in the study. The MDS had similar factor structure, internal consistency, and demographic correlates as those reported by A. Bandura et al. (1996) with an Italian sample of children. The MDS also correlated with delinquent and aggressive child behavior, and moral disengagement partially mediated the relationship between parenting and child delinquent behavior.
Comparison of blue-green algae virus LPP-1 and the morphologically related viruses GIII and coliphage T7☆

Abstract The blue-green algae viruses LPP-1 and G III , and coliphage T7 are morphologically similar in that they each possess hexagonal capsids, about 600 A across, with a short tail, 150–200 A in length by 150 A in diameter, attached to one of the vertices. The blue-green algae viruses LPP-1 and G III appear to be identical, since they have the same inactivation kinetics with LPP-1 antiserum. LPP-1 and T7, however, are serologically unrelated. They appear to be genetically unrelated as well, since LPP-1 DNA hybridizes to an insignificant extent with RNA synthesized in vitro on a T7 DNA template, despite a similarity in average G-C content of the two DNA's.
Sol-gel-derived tin oxide thin films

Abstract Transparent conducting thin films of SnO2−x have been prepared from tin alkoxide by dip coating. The influence of the dip coating parameters such as solution concentration, the withdrawal speed of substrates from solution, firing temperature, and the number of coating applications on the thickness, electrical and optical properties of the films was investigated. The study demonstrates that the films with thickness of 0.8–1.1 uμm have sheet resistances as low as 52–85 Ω □−1 (or a resistivity of about 6 × 10−3Ω cm) and average visible transmittance of 84–89% in the wavelength range 0.4–0.7 μm. The morphology, surface structure and composition of the films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Auger electron spectroscopy.
Inferring depictions in natural-language captions for efficient access to picture data

Abstract Multimedia data can require significant examination time to find desired features (“content analysis”). An alternative is using natural-language captions to describe the data, and matching captions to English queries. But it is hard to include everything in the caption of a complicated datum, so significant content analysis may still seem required. We discuss linguistic clues in captions, both syntactic and semantic, that can simplify or eliminate content analysis. We introduce the notion of concept depiction and rules for depiction inference. Our approach is implemented in an expert system which demonstrated significant increases in recall in experiments.
PPPS-2013: UNM transparent cathode experiments revisited

The transparent cathode (TC) invented at the University of New Mexico (UNM) showed high output powers, high efficiency and stable operation in the 2pi-mode over a wide range of magnetic field compared to the solid cathode when tested in the standard A6 magnetron.
Investigations of the aufwuchs of freshwater sponges. I. A quantitative comparison between the surfaces of Spongilla Lacustris and three aquatic macrophytes

The aufwuchs of the epithelium of the freshwater sponge Spongilla lacustris was examined and compared qualitatively and quantitatively with that on three plant substrates common to its habitat: Nymphea odorata, Nuphar advena and Utricularia spp. Estimations of the percentage surface area with attached forms and the number of attached green algal filaments yielded significantly lower values for the sponge. Two theories explaining the mechanism effecting this reduced amount of aufwuchs are discussed.
Biosynthesis of cholesterol and cholesterol acetate in dendrobatid arrow poison frogs.

Abstract The skin of neotropical poison frogs of the genus Dendrobates and Phyllobates presents a series of unique poisons containing decahydroquinoline and perhydro-cyclopentanophenanthrene nuclei respectively. Examples of each class are pumiliotoxin C (2- n -propyl-5-methyl- cis -decahydroquinoline) and batrachotoxin. The biosynthesis of these poisons has now been investigated in Dendrobates pumilio, D. auratus and Phyllobates aurotaenia , using as possible precursors radioactive cholesterol, mevalonate and acetate. Even over periods of up to 14 weeks, significant incorporation of radioactivity into the poisons was not observed. Both acetate and mevalonate were, however, converted to cholesterol and cholesterol acetate.
Atlantic Tropical Systems of 1992

Abstract A total of 69 tropical waves (also known as African and easterly waves) were counted in the Atlantic basin during the 1992 hurricane season. As was the case in 1991, the waves were, in general, relatively weak. These waves led to the formation of only four tropical depressions in the Atlantic hurricane basin, of which one intensified into a tropical storm and another intensified into Hurricane Andrew. Andrew was the only 1992 Atlantic hurricane to originate from a tropical wave. There were five additional tropical depressions that were primarily initiated by systems of nontropical origin. These produced three hurricanes and one tropical storm. It appears that tropical waves led to the formation of practically all of the eastern Pacific tropical cyclones in 1992.
Abstract LB-75: Glucocorticoid receptor activation inhibits p53-induced apoptosis of MCF10A myc cells via induction of protein kinase C epsilon

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a ligand dependent transcription factor that can promote apoptosis or survival in a cell specific manner. Activated GR has been reported to inhibit apoptosis in mammary epithelial cells (MECs) and breast cancer cells by increasing expression of pro-survival genes. In the current report, activated GR inhibited p53-dependent apoptosis in MCF10Amyc cells, immortalized MECs that are p53 wild-type and overexpress the MYC oncogene. Specifically, GR agonists hydrocortisone or dexamethasone (Dex) inhibited p53- dependent apoptosis induced in these cells by Cisplatin (Cis), ionizing radiation (IR), or the MDM2 antagonist Nutlin-3. In contrast, the GR antagonist RU486 sensitized the cells to apoptosis by these agents. Apoptosis inhibition was associated with maintenance of mitochondria membrane potential, diminished caspase 3 and 7 activation, and increased expression at both the mRNA and protein level of the antiapoptotic PKC family member, PKCepsilon (PKCe). Knockdown of PKCe via siRNA targeting reversed the protective effect of Dex and restored sensitivity to Cis, IR, and Nutlin-3 (Nutlin)-induced apoptosis. These data provide strong evidence that activated GR can inhibit p53-dependent apoptosis through induction of the anti-apoptotic factor PKCe. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-75. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-75
An in vitro method for the determination of protein turnover in incubated proximal tubule segments

Understanding the growth of a tissue ultimately requires that one understand the mechanisms whereby protein mass may be changed, the nature of the signal for change, and the effector pathways mediating the growth in response to the signal. Protein mass may be altered by modulating the determinants of protein turnover, namely the rates at which proteins are synthesized (PS) and degraded (PD). These determinants are incompletely characterized in kidney tissue, especially in states of hypertrophy. In other tissues, release of an unmetabolized amino acid has been used as a marker for quantifying the net degradation of intracellular proteins [1]. This strategy has yielded valuable insights concerning the overall rate of muscle proteolysis in several models of increased catabolism [2–5]. One of the impediments to the study of protein breakdown in kidney has been the lack of identification of an analogous amino acid which could serve as a suitable marker for net protein degradation in this tissue. Hence, prior attempts at estimating protein turnover in kidney have been largely qualitative in scope [6–8]. Nevertheless, it has been estimated that 30% of renal cortical proteins turn over each day [6] highlighting the potential impact that even slight changes in protein turnover might have on renal cortical mass. We report a method for simultaneously quantitating the determinants of protein turnover in incubated proximal tubule segments. Net PD is measured as the change in media lysine while PS is measured as the rate of incorporation of L-[U- 14 C] phenylalanine into protein. The utility of this method is underscored by applying this method to the state of renal growth induced by high-protein feeding.
Tuning copper-dioxygen reactivity and exogenous substrate oxidations via alterations in ligand electronics.

Copper(I)-dioxygen adducts are important in biological and industrial processes. For the first time we explore the relationship between ligand electronics, CuI-O2 adduct formation and exogenous substrate reactivity. The copper(I) complexes [CuI(R-MePY2)]+ (1R, where R = Cl, H, MeO, Me2N) were prepared; where R-MePY2 are 4-pyridyl substituted bis[2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]methylamine chelates. Both the redox potential of 1R (ranging from E1/2 = -270 mV for 1Cl to -440 mV for 1MeN vs FeCp2/FeCp2+) and nuCO of the CO adducts of 1R (ranging from 2093 cm-1 for 1Cl-CO to 2075 cm-1 for 1Me2N-CO) display modest but expected systematic shifts. Dioxygen readily reacts with 1H, 1MeO, and 1Me2N, forming the side-on peroxo-CuII2 complexes [{CuII(R-MePY2)}2(O2)]2+ (2R, also containing some bis-mu-oxo-CuIII2 isomer), but there is no reaction with 1Cl. Stopped-flow studies in dichloromethane show that the formation of 2Me2N from dioxygen and 1Me2N proceeds with a k = 8.2(6) x 104 M-2 s-1 (183 K, DeltaH = -20.3(6) kJ mol-1, DeltaS = -219(3) J mol-1 K-1). Solutions of 2R readily oxidize exogenous substrates (9,10-dihydroanthracene --> anthracene, tetrahydrofuran (THF) --> 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran (THF-OH), N,N-dimethylaniline --> N-methylaniline and formaldehyde, benzyl alcohol --> benzaldehyde, benzhydrol --> benzophenone, and methanol --> formaldehyde), forming the bis-mu-hydroxo-CuII2 complexes [{CuII(R-MePY2)(OH)}2]2+ (3R). Product yields increase as the R-group is made more electron-donating, and in some cases are quantitative with 2Me2N. Pseudo-first-order rate constants for THF and methanol oxidation reactions demonstrate a remarkable R-group dependence, again favoring the strongest ligand donor (i.e., R = Me2N). For THF oxidation to THF-OH a nearly 1500-fold increase in reaction rate is observed (kobs = 2(1) x 10-5 s-1 for 2H to 3(1) x 10-2 s-1 for 2Me2N), while methanol oxidation to formaldehyde exhibits an approximately 2000-fold increase (kobs = 5(1) x 10-5 s-1 for 2H to 1(1) x 10-1 s-1 for 2Me2N).
Neutron star news and puzzles

Abstract Gerry Brown has had the most influence on my career in Physics, and my life after graduate studies. This article gives a brief account of some of the many ways in which Gerry shaped my research. Focus is placed on the significant strides on neutron star research made by the group at Stony Brook, which Gerry built from scratch. Selected puzzles about neutron stars that remain to be solved are noted.
Best Monotone Approximation in L∞ [0,1]

Iff is a bounded Lebesgue measurable function on [0, 1] and 1 < p < 00, let fp denote the best Lp-approximation to f by nondecreasing functions. It is shown that fp converges almost everywhere as p decreases to one to a best Ll-approximation to f by nondecreasing functions. The set of best Ll-approximations to f by nondecreasing functions is shown to include its supremum and infimum. Let Q = [0, 1], yt = Lebesgue measure and W = the Lebesgue measurable subsets of Q2. For 1 < p < oo, let Lp = Lp(Q, X, ,t). Let M denote the set of all nondecreasing functions on Ci. Suppose f E L,. For 1 < p < so, Lp is a uniformly convex Banach space and M is a closed convex subset thereof, so f has a unique best Lp-approximation fp by elements of M, i.e., fp is the unique element of M which satisfies lIf-fpllp = inf{lfhllp: h E Ml. The function f is said to have the Polya property if limp -OOp exists almost everywhere as a bounded measurable function and the Polya-one property if limp 1 fp exists in the same way. The Polya property fails for an arbitraryf in L., [2, 1] but, as is shown in this note, the Polya-one property obtains. If B is a subset of L1, let tt1(f1B) denote the set of all best L,-approximations of f in B and let f(B) = inf t1(flB),f(B) = sup tt1(fIB). If e is a subsigma algebra of W and B is the subspace of L1 consisting of all u-measurable functions, then f(B) and f(B) are in tt1(flB) and g E t 1(flB) if and only if f(B) < g < f(B) [5]. Let f = f(M) and f= f(M). In this note we show thatf, f E t1(flM) and that every convex combination off and f is in tt1(fIM) (so that f and f are extreme points of the L,-compact convex set ttl(fI M)), but there may be a function g E M such that f< g < f but g is not in tt 1(fl M). LEMMA 1. M is an L1-closed convex subset of L1, and tt1(flM) is a nonempty subset of L,. PROOF. Suppose {gn: n = 1,2,...} c M and gn -_ g in L1. Since {gn} has a subsequence which converges to g almost everywhere, we may assume that gn g almost everywhere. Letg = lim supn gn. Since each gn is nondecreasing, g is nondecreasing. Thus g is equivalent to an element of M. Clearly M is convex. Received by the editors February 14, 1984. 1980 MVathematics Subject Classification. Primary 41A30, 41A50; Secondary 40A30, 26A48.
CYTOMETRY OF CYCLIN PROTEINS

Cyclins are key components of the cell cycle progression machinery. They activate their partner cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and possibly target them to respective substrate proteins within the cell. CDK-mediated phosphorylation of specific sets of proteins drives the cell through particular phases or checkpoints of the cell cycle. During unperturbed growth of normal cells, the timing of expression of several cyclins is discontinuous, occurring at discrete and well-defined periods of the cell cycle. Immunocytochemical detection of cyclins in relation to cell cycle position (DNA content) by multiparameter flow cytometry has provided a new approach to cell cycle studies. This approach, like no other method, can be used to detect the unscheduled expression of cyclins, namely, the presentation of G1 cyclins by cells in G2/M and of G2/M cyclins by G1 cells, without the need for cell synchronization. Such unscheduled expression of cyclins B1 and A was seen when cell cycle progression was halted, e.g., after synchronization at the G1/S boundary by inhibitors of DNA replication. The unscheduled expression of cyclins B1 or E, but not of A, was also observed in some tumor cell lines even when their growth was unperturbed. Likewise, whereas the expression of cyclins D1 or D3 in nontumor cells was restricted to an early section of G1, the presentation of these proteins in many tumor cell lines also was seen during S and G2/M. This suggests that the partner kinase CDK4 (which upon activation by D-type cyclins phosphorylates pRB committing the cell to enter S) is perpetually active throughout the cell cycle in these tumor lines. Expression of cyclin D also may serve to discriminate G0 vs. G1 cells and, as an activation marker, to identify the mitogenically stimulated cells entering the cell cycle. Differences in cyclin expression make it possible to discriminate between cells having the same DNA content but residing at different phases such as in G2 vs. M or G2/M of a lower DNA ploidy vs. G1 cells of a higher ploidy. The expression of cyclins D, E, A and B1 provides new cell cycle landmarks that can be used to subdivide the cell cycle into several distinct subcompartments. The point of cell cycle arrest by many antitumor agents can be estimated with better accuracy in relation to these compartments compared to the traditional subdivision into four cell cycle phases. The latter applications, however, pertain only to normal cells or to tumor cells whose phenotype is characterized by scheduled expression of cyclins. As sensitive and specific indicators of the cell's proliferative potential, the cyclins, in particular D-type cyclins, are expected to be key prognostic markers in neoplasia. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Gangrenous cholecystitis: analysis of risk factors and experience with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Abstract Background: Gangrenous cholecystitis occurs in up to 30% of patients admitted with acute cholecystitis. Factors predicting gangrenous disease in patients with acute cholecystitis remain poorly defined, making preoperative diagnosis difficult. Identification of these factors and early diagnosis of gangrenous cholecystitis will indicate more aggressive treatment, earlier operation, and a lower threshold for conversion of laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy. Methods: We reviewed our experience with acute cholecystitis during the 2-year period of 1995 to 1996. Admitting history, physical examination, operative report, laboratory and radiology data, and pathology report were analyzed for each patient. Acute cholecystitis and its gangrenous complication were diagnosed by both gross and microscopic examination. Results: One hundred fifty-four patients were admitted to the hospital with acute cholecystitis and underwent cholecystectomy; gallbladder gangrene was found in 27 (18%) of these patients. Four patients with gallbladder gangrene underwent open cholecystectomy and 23 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, of which 15 (65%) were completed laparoscopically and 8 (35%) had open conversion as a result of severe inflammation. Risk factors for gallbladder gangrene included male gender, age older than 50 years, history of cardiovascular disease, and leukocytosis greater than 17,000 white blood cells/mL. Conclusions: Older male patients (age older than 50 years) with history of cardiovascular disease, leukocytosis greater than 17,000 white blood cells/mL, and acute cholecystitis have increased risk of gallbladder gangrene and conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open cholecystectomy. Urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with low threshold for conversion to open cholecystectomy should be considered in these patients at high risk for gallbladder gangrene. (Surgery 1999;126:680-86.)
Infrared Sensors For Seam Tracking And Penetration Depth Control

Implementation of robotics into welding is an important step towards higher productivity and better quality control of the fabrication process. However most robots currently perform welding in a "blind" fashion. In order to enhance the intelligence of the robots, several sensing techniques such as laser stripping, through-the-arc sensing and infrared thermography have been investigated. Most of these sensing techniques are capable of monitoring only a single welding parameter. However infrared thermography has shown promise t9 detect several types of impending weld defects. 1,4 The results presented in this paper identify approaches to obtain quantitative relationships to monitor the two major weld parameters, torch position and penetration depth. The asymmetry of the thermal profiles caused by an arc misalignment has been quantified into a torch seam error relationship by comparison of the features of thermal profiles on either sides of the calibrated torch position. To monitor the weld penetration depth the thermal distribution of the plates being welded were fitted to an ellipse using a least squares method. The principle features of the ellipse were found to be sensitive to the penetration depth of the plate being welded.
Abstract 3084: The role of RNA-binding protein HuR in lung metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. It is estimated that approximately one million women are diagnosed with breast cancer annually. Furthermore, more than 410,000 women will die each year from the disease primarily due to tumor metastasis. Currently, even the most effective treatments often result in recurrence and metastasis, in part due to genetic factors. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of breast cancer related gene regulation is crucial for the development of novel treatments and preventive strategies to those who are predisposed to developing breast cancer. Previously, we have shown that the RNA-binding protein HuR posttranscriptionally regulates various proto-oncogenes by stabilizing their mRNAs and facilitating their translation into proteins. Additionally, HuR upregulation and cytoplasmic localization has been associated with invasive cancer progression and poor prognosis. HuR has been described to control genes in multiple areas of the acquired capabilities model of cancer and has been hypothesized to be a tumor-maintenance gene, allowing for cancers to proliferate once they are established. HuR regulates genes involved in angiogenesis, cell growth and cell cycle regulation including VEGFα, TSP1, HIF1α, CDKN1A(p21) and β-catenin. In this study, we investigated the role of HuR in an aggressive triple-negative (estrogen receptor ER-, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)- and progesterone receptor (PR)-) breast cancer cell subline LM-2. The LM-2 cells were derived from triple-negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 which were isolated from two rounds of in vivo selection of the cancer cells which metastasized to the lungs. The LM-2 cells were retrovirally transduced with triple-fusion protein reporter construct encoding thymidine kinase1, green fluorescent protein (GFP) and firefly luciferase in order to obtain nuclear imaging, fluorescent and bioluminescent properties for in vivo and in vitro tracking. LM2 cells were further transfected with a plasmid containing HA-HuR or empty vector control to investigate the function of HuR in LM2 cells. Two clones of HuR overexpressing LM2 cells were shown to grow faster in vitro compared to the empty vector control. Also, HuR overexpression significantly facilitates tumor invasion in vitro by matrigel invasion assay. Further analysis of HuR overexpressing LM2 cells using in vivo imaging system (IVIS) will reveal the role of HuR in breast cancer growth and metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3084. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3084
United Kingdom approval plans and United States academic libraries: Are they necessary and cost effective?

Abstract This study reports the results of a cost comparison and availability study between United Kingdom imprints and subsequent United States editions. The research found significant differences in price between U.S. and U.K. editions. The impact is greatest when the British pound is high (over $1.70) compared to the dollar. The fact that U.S. publishers also offer discounts off list price, and that U.K. publishers do not, adds to savings that can be achieved by purchasing the U.S. edition. The purpose was to provide more information then was previously available on the efficiency of purchasing U.K. origin titles in the United Kingdom. The main factors remain cost, accessibility, and timeliness.
The medium time metric: high throughput route selection in multi-rate ad hoc wireless networks

Modern wireless devices, such as those that implement the 802.11abg standards, utilize multiple transmission rates in order to accommodate a wide range of channel conditions. The use of multiple rates presents a significantly more complex challenge to ad hoc routing protocols than the traditional single rate model. The hop count routing metric, which is traditionally used in single rate networks, is sub-optimal in multi-rate networks as it tends to select short paths composed of maximum length links. In a multi-rate network, these long distance links operate at the slowest available rate, thus achieving low effective throughput and reduced reliability due to the low signal levels. In this work we explore the lower level medium access control and physical phenomena that affect routing decisions in multi-rate ad hoc networks. We provide simulation results which illustrate the impact of these phenomena on effective throughput and show how the traditional minimum hop routing strategy is inappropriate for multi-rate networks. As an alternative, we present the Medium Time Metric (MTM) which avoids using the long range links often selected by shortest path routing in favor of shorter, higher throughput, more reliable links. Our experimental results with 802.11 g radios show that the Medium Time Metric achieves significantly higher throughput then alternative metrics. We observed up to 17 times more end-to-end TCP throughput than when the Min Hop or ETX metrics were used.
Accurate dimensional metrology with atomic force microscopy

Atomic force microscopes (AFMs) generate three dimensional images with nanometer level resolution and, consequently, are used in the semiconductor industry as tools for sub-micrometer dimensional metrology. Measurements commonly performed with AFMs are feature spacing (pitch), feature height (or depth), feature width (critical dimension), and surface roughness. To perform accurate measurements, the scales of an AFM must be calibrated. We have designed and developed the calibrated AFM (C-AFM) to calibrate physical standards for other AFMs. The C- AFM has displacement metrology for all three axes traceable to the 633 nm wavelength of the Iodine-stabilized He-Ne laser. This is accomplished through the integration of a flexure x-y translation stage, heterodyne laser interferometers, and a z- axis piezoelectric actuator with an integrated capacitance sensor. This capacitance sensor is calibrated with a third interferometer. We have performed both pitch and height measurements for external customers. Recently, we performed pitch measurements on holographic gratings as part of an ongoing international comparison driven by BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Measures). We have also completed a preliminary design of a prototype pitch/height standard and are evaluating preliminary test samples. Additionally, we are working toward the development of linewidth standards through the comparison of C-AFM width measurements with values obtained from other methods. Our step height and linewidth measurements are in good agreement with those obtained by other methods, and we are working to improve the lateral resolution and hence the uncertainty of our probe-based linewidth measurements by studying the use of nanotubes and other types of sharp tips as linewidth probes.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Smoke-free policy and alcohol use among undergraduate college students.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess attitudes and behaviors related to smoke-free policy among undergraduate student alcohol drinkers on a campus in a community with smoke-free bars. Design and Sample This was a secondary data analysis of a study in which participants completed mailed surveys assessing demographic characteristics, attitudes and behaviors related to alcohol and tobacco use and smoke-free policy (n = 337). Opinion and behavior items were summarized descriptively; associations were examined using Kruskal Wallis tests and chi-square tests of association. Logistic regression tested for predictors of importance of smoke-free policy. Results Respondents were predominantly female and Caucasian; mean age 20.3 years. One fourth were current smokers. Seventy-nine percent said the community smoke-free law had no effect on frequency of visiting bars. Eighty-seven percent said smoke-free policy in campus buildings was “somewhat” or “very important.” Predictors of perceived importance of smoke-free policy included gender and smoking status. Conclusions Most smokers in this sample did not experience a change in their motivation to quit smoking or in number of cigarettes smoked daily. Implementation of a community smoke-free law did not reduce the likelihood of visiting bars. Women and nonsmokers were more likely to rate smoke-free campus policy as very important.
Crystal nucleation in sheared polymer melts

A semiquantitative procedure has been developed for analyzing crystal nucleation in undercooled polymer melts that are undergoing flow. This analysis was applied to the specific ease of molten high density polyethylene experiencing low levels of shearing flow. A custom-made concentric cylinder viscometer, which could be operated by the Rheometrics mechanical spectrometer instrument, was used to make simultaneous measurements of transmitted torque and optical anisotropy in isothermal melts, The result of the analytical procedure developed here was molecular Size-dependence of chain distensions caused by prevailing shear. This distribution function was verified by testing against experimentally obtained values of birefringence. Total entropy reduction resulting from this distorted state was then calculated, and the corresponding increase in free energy was found to be at least enough to account for comparable crystal nucleation rates in flowing melts at higher temperatures and in quiescent melts at lower temperatures.
Estrogen receptor α (ESR1) mutant A908G is not a common feature in benign and malignant proliferations of the breast

Alterations in estrogen responsive pathways are thought to contribute to benign and malignant breast disease. It has been reported previously that more than a third of typical epithelial hyperplasia lesions harbor the missense mutation A908G in the estrogen receptor α (ESR1) gene. This substitution of an arginine for a lysine at codon 303 was reported to confer mitogenic hypersensitivity to estrogen. To explore this finding further, we analyzed ESR1 for this mutation in a series of breast tissues ranging from typical hyperplasia to invasive cancer. In contrast to previous studies, no evidence for this mutation was found in 36 invasive cancers, 11 in situ carcinomas, 14 epithelial hyperplasias with atypia, 11 epithelial hyperplasias without atypia, and 11 breast cancer cell lines. These results indicate that ESR1 mutant A908G does not occur with significant frequency in either benign or malignant proliferations of breast epithelia. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Benzene Intermediates and Mechanisms during Catalytic Oxidation on the Pt(111) Surface Using In-Situ Soft X-ray Methods

The catalytic oxidation of benzene on the Pt(111) surface has been characterized, in flowing oxygen pressures up to 0.01 Torr, using temperature-programmed fluorescence yield near-edge spectroscopy (TP-FYNES). During temperature-programmed oxidation experiments in flowing oxygen pressures, a series of four adsorbed intermediates are formed. The dominant intermediates with increasing temperature are η6-benzene, 1,4-di-σ-2,5-cyclohexadiene, 1,1,4-tri-σ-2,5-cyclohexadiene, and η5-cyclohexadienone. All of these intermediates are strongly adsorbed based on the molecular rehybridization indicated by spectroscopic (FYNES) measurements. Adsorbed benzene inhibits oxidation below 370 K by inhibiting oxygen adsorption. Over the temperature range 150−215 K, a 1,4-di-σ-2,5-cyclohexadiene surface intermediate with C6H6 stoichiometry is formed by rearrangement of the aromatic ring. Next, a 1,1,4-tri-σ-2,5-cyclohexadiene surface intermediate with C6H5 stoichiometry is formed by oxydehydrogenation over the temperature ran...
Salivary progesterone and estriol among pregnant women treated with 17-α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate or placebo

Objective The objectives of the study was to determine whether salivary progesterone (P) or estriol (E3) concentration at 16-20 weeks' gestation predicts preterm birth or the response to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17OHPC) and whether 17OHPC treatment affected the trajectory of salivary P and E3 as pregnancy progressed. Study Design This was a secondary analysis of a clinical trial of 17OHPC to prevent preterm birth. Baseline saliva was assayed for P and E3. Weekly salivary samples were obtained from 40 women who received 17OHPC and 40 who received placebo in a multicenter randomized trial of 17OHPC to prevent recurrent preterm delivery. Results Both low and high baseline saliva P and E3 were associated with a slightly increased risk of preterm birth. However, 17OHPC prevented preterm birth comparably, regardless of baseline salivary hormone concentrations. 17OHPC did not alter the trajectory of salivary P over pregnancy, but it significantly blunted the rise in salivary E3 as well as the rise in the E3/P ratio. Conclusion 17OHPC flattened the trajectory of E3 in the second half of pregnancy, suggesting that the drug influences the fetoplacental unit.
Économie et architecture médiévale. Cela aurait-il tué ceci ?

Je ne tenterai pas de soutenir une these dans ces quelques lignes, ni meme de suggerer une hypothese, mais seulement de proposer un sujet d'enquete. Je m'appuierai moins sur les documents que sur ce que mes yeux ont vu : la grandeur des cathedrales romanes et gothiques de l'Europe du Nord. Quelque peu effacees dans les villes medievales qui ont grandi depuis, comme Paris, Londres, Bruxelles ou Cologne, elles dominent encore l'horizon des villes de province et paraissent presque ecraser les maisons bourgeoises du Puy, de Bourges, de Hal, de Maastricht, de Salisbury, pour ne citer que quelques exemples. C'est la une impression inoubliable pour un Genois, accoutume aux proportions beaucoup plus modestes des cathedrales lombardes et toscanes (Milan est a peine une exception puisque son Dome n'a ete commence qu'a la fin du XIVe siecle).
Immune thrombocytopenia associated with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia

THROMBOCYTOPENIA resulting from bone marrow suppression is an expected complication of the intensive chemotherapy used in treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Moreover, drug-induced thrombocytopenia can limit both the total dose and scheduling of chemotherapeutic drugs to be delivered. We describe a young girl with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia who developed immunemediated thrombocytopenia early in the course of therapy. We report this case because it suggests that the rare occurrence of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia should not necessarily limit the delivery of effective antileukemic therapy. CASE REPORT
HYPERTHERMIC RESPONSES TO CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL INJECTIONS OF MORPHINE SULPHATE IN THE CAT

Abstract 1 The effect of morphine on body temperature was studied in conscious, unrestrained cats provided with implanted third or lateral cerebral ventricular cannulae, jugular venous catheters and retroperitoneal thermocouples. 2 Intraventricular injections of 2.5-50 μg and intravenous injections of 1-10 mg/kg morphine sulphate produced dose-related hyperthermic responses. Similar mean increases in body temperature after administration of a given dose were elicited in cats which had not previously received morphine and, provided that tolerance was avoided by spacing injections at least 72 h apart, in cats which received a series of injections of morphine. Morphine was at least 850 times more potent when injected into the third ventricle than when given intravenously. Increasing the dose of morphine sulphate injected into the third ventricle to 1250 μg only prolonged the hyperthermia. Morphine did not produce hypothermia at any dose tested. 3 Injection of 10 μg morphine sulphate into the third ventricle produced similar hyperthermias at ambient temperatures (tas) of 4-6, 21-23 and 33-36°C. The increase in body temperature was associated with shivering at the lower tas. At the highest ta, shivering was not evoked, but respiratory rate decreased after morphine if it was initially elevated. These results suggest that morphine increased the level at which body temperature was regulated. 4 Neither metiamide nor indomethacin antagonized morphine so histamine and prostaglandins were apparently not required for the hyperthermic effect.
Estimating the elastographic signal-to-noise ratio using correlation coefficients

Abstract In conventional elastography, strain is estimated from the gradient of the displacement (time-delay) estimates. The displacement estimates involve estimating the peak location of the cross-correlation function between matching pre- and post-compression A-lines. Bias errors in estimating the peak location of the cross-correlation function, amplified by the gradient operation on the displacement estimates (needed for the computation of the strain), could result in values of elastographic signal-to-noise ratio (SNR e ) that exceed the theoretical upper bounds, thereby hindering a consistent interpretation of this parameter. These algorithmic errors have not been accounted for by the theory. We propose the use of the measured correlation coefficients in the theoretical SNR e expressions to estimate the SNR e , rather than computing them directly from the elastograms. This methodology results in values of SNR e that are lower than the theoretical upper bounds, thereby avoiding the problems associated with computing SNR e directly from the elastograms. Using simulated models of uniformly elastic phantoms, a proof of principle of such an SNR e measure is shown. (E-mail: Jonathan.Ophir@uth.tmc.edu)
Is routine histological examination of mastectomy scars justified? An analysis of 619 scars

Summary Background The increasing incidence of breast cancer is paralleled by an increasing demand for post-mastectomy breast reconstruction. At the time of breast reconstruction routine submission of mastectomy scars has been considered appropriate clinical practice to ensure that no residual cancer exists. However, this practice has been challenged by some and has become the topic of controversy. In a retrospective analysis we wished to assess whether routine submission of mastectomy scars altered treatment. Methods Utilizing the Stanford Translational Research Integrated Database Environment (STRIDE) all patients who underwent implant-based breast reconstruction with routine histological analysis of mastectomy scars were identified. The following parameters were retrieved and analyzed: age, cancer histology, cancer stage (according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system), receptor status (estrogen receptor [ER], progesterone receptor [PR], Her2neu), time interval between mastectomy and reconstruction, and scar histology. Results A total of 442 patients with a mean age of 45.9 years (range, 22–73 years) were included in the study. Mastectomy with subsequent reconstruction was performed for in-situ disease and invasive cancer in 83 and 359 patients, respectively. A total of 619 clinically unremarkable mastectomy scars were sent for histological analysis, with the most common finding being unremarkable scar tissue (i.e. collagen fibers). Of note, no specimen revealed the presence of carcinoma. Conclusion According to published reports routine histological examination of mastectomy scars may detect early local recurrence. However, we were not able to detect this benefit in our patient population. As such, particularly in the current health-care climate the cost-effectiveness of this practice deserves further attention. A more selective use of histological analysis of mastectomy scars in patients with tumors that display poor prognostic indicators may be a more reasonable utilization of resources.