cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Frictional Response of Continental Shelf Water to Local Wind Forcing

Abstract Because of relatively strong tidal currants and little notification, the response of continental shelf water to wired off South Carolina is predominantly frictional and barotropic. Currents measured at the 10, 30 and 40 m isobaths were highly coherent with wind and coastal sea level (CSL). Alongshelf current at 10 m responded rapidly to wind oscillations and led CSL by 6–12 hours at periods greater than 2 days. Coastal sea level led, or was in phase with, alongshelf currents at the 30 and 40 m isobaths. A linear frictional barotropic model that assumes alongshelf homogeneity is used to explain the observed phase relationships. Cross-shelf variation in bottom friction due to the change in water depth and a fluctuating alongshelf pressure gradient at the shelf break which lags slightly behind the wind account for most of the observed features. Nearshore flow is dominated by frictional forces while inertial terms are important on the outer shelf. The boundary separating these two regions is the poin...
Are mastectomy rates really increasing? Experiences from a single institution and a population-based database.

1028 Background: Recent studies have reported increased mastectomy rates for the treatment of early stage breast cancer during the last decade. The aims of this study were to examine trends in mast...
Complications of Thoracic Wall Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia

There are a multitude of approaches to anesthesia and analgesia of the torso, each with their own advantages and risks. The gold standard is thoracic epidural anesthesia, while recent approaches aim to refine the anesthetized area, increasing safety and comfort. Thoracic epidurals cover the largest area and offer significant pain control following procedures of the chest wall. While incidences of direct damage to the spinal cord are rare, hemodynamic changes, specifically hypotension, are a major potential complication. Paravertebral blocks have the advantage of anesthetizing specific dermatomes while sparing inferior regions that would be blocked by an epidural. Paravertebral blocks are also amenable to ultrasound guidance and continuous catheter infusion. The risk of epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, intravascular, and pleural puncture is present and can be avoided by good anatomical knowledge and attention to technique. Intercostal blocks are another alternative to thoracic epidural analgesia and can be performed under ultrasound guidance. Complications are rare but may include pneumothorax, hematoma, and intravascular injection.
A Streamflow and Water Level Forecasting Model for the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers with Requisite Simplicity

AbstractA forecasting lead time of 5–10 days is desired to increase the flood response and preparedness for large river basins. Large uncertainty in observed and forecasted rainfall appears to be a...
Retroviruses and the Nervous System

Viral invasion of the nervous system and the development of neurological symptoms is characteristic of many retroviruses. This neuropathogenesis was initially recognized by investigators studying visna virus, the classic lentivirus of sheep. With the appearance of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), which can also cause disease in the nervous system, investigation of the pathogenesis of neurological problems induced by retroviruses has become more important. While the etiology of these syndromes is clearly associated with specific viruses, the mechanisms underlying the neurological dysfunction are unclear and many hypotheses have been proposed. Most controversial is the role of direct retroviral infection of glia and neurons versus indirect effects resulting from infection of microglia or lymphoid elements in the generation of neurological dysfunction. This chapter will discuss the pathophysiology of retrovirally mediated neurological disease in lentiviruses and in murine retroviruses, with particular attention to this question. Work with the human retroviruses depends on the availability of appropriate tissue models, many of which are obtained from different species. These inherent difficulties have resulted in a relatively slow rate of progress in comparison with the more focused animal systems, particularly murine.
Application of the ActiGraph GT9X IMU for the Assessment of Turning During Walking and Running

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the use of the ActiGraph GT9X gyroscope and magnetometer for turn detection and quantifying turn degree during walking and running. METHODS: Participants (N=17) completed pivot trials, treadmill walking and running (3 to 6 mph) and different degrees of turns (i.e. 45°, 90°, 135°, and 180°) during over-ground walking and running. Pivot and walking and running activities were completed for 1-minute and 6-minutes per trial, respectively. Turn frequency was constant (10 turns/minute) across all overground walking and running trials. ActiGraph GT9X devices were placed on the left and right hips, wrists, and ankles and a Cosmed K4b2 measured energy expenditure. Raw ActiGraph GT9X gyroscope and magnetometer data were processed through various low-pass filter frequencies (0.25 Hz to 2.0 Hz). Treadmill and pivot trials were used to develop thresholds for turn detection using gyroscope and magnetometer data. Cross-validation was completed using over-ground trials for turn detection and turn degree using filtered gyroscope data. Cosmed data (VO2) were averaged over 30-second periods and then converted to relative VO2 (ml/kg.min) for each activity. Linear mixed models were used to compare actual and predicted number of turns, measured and predicted turn degree, and differences in VO2 across walking and running speed and turn degree. Linear regression models were used to predict VO2 using speed, turn degree, and speed and turn degree. RESULTS: Greater than 98% of turns were detected when using gyroscope data filtered at 0.25 Hz. Turn degree was estimated within 2.2° of measured turn degree across all speeds. In general, the VO2 of walking and running increased as the turn degree increased beyond 135°. Walking and running speed explained 83.8% of the variability in VO2, and the addition of turn degree explained an additional 4.3%. CONCLUSION: The ActiGraph GT9X gyroscope, when filtered at 0.25 Hz can be used to detect the number of turns and estimate turn degree. The magnetometer was only useful for detecting the number of turns. Future work is needed to explore the gyroscope application for turn detection performance during activities other than walking and running and estimating VO2.
Distributed adaptive consensus and synchronization in complex networks of dynamical systems

Abstract In this paper we propose novel distributed adaptive controllers for leaderless synchronization in networks of identical discrete-time dynamical systems. Separate algorithms are developed for the cases of known and unknown control directions. Assuming that the directed network graph is strongly connected, it is proved that all agent outputs converge toward an emerging, unknown in advance, synchronization trajectory. This trajectory is not available for use by the agent’s controllers, and its pattern is determined by the internal model built-in in the distributed adaptation mechanism. It is also shown that for each agent the controller parameter estimates are convergent sequences, and the inputs are uniformly bounded signals. The key to obtaining presented results is to construct adaptive algorithms providing l 1 -boundedness of certain error signals driving the local parameter estimators. The proposed estimators have a non-vanishing step-size.
Mitotic inhibition of corneal endothelium in neonatal rats.

PURPOSE, Corneal endothelium in humans does not divide to any significant extent after birth; therefore, with age there is a gradual loss of cells. When cell density is reduced to a critical level, the endothelium cannot function to maintain corneal clarity, and the cornea becomes permanently cloudy. Currently, the blindness that results can be treated only by corneal transplantation. The long-term goal is to find methods to stimulate corneal endothelial proliferation in a clinically relevant manner. The first step toward achieving this goal is to identify mechanisms responsible for the induction and maintenance of mitotic inhibition of the corneal endothelium in vivo. During corneal development, the endothelium is formed by migration and proliferation of mesenchymal cells from the ocular periphery. Soon after the monolayer is formed, proliferation ceases. In tissue culture, many cell types cease proliferating upon formation of stable cell- cell and cell-substrate attachments. The goal of the present studies was to determine whether establishment of stable contacts correlates with cessation of endothelial proliferation during corneal development in vivo. METHODS. Corneas from neonatal (days 1, 3, 7, 10, 13, 14, 17, 21, 28, and 42) and adult rats were used for immunolocalization of the following: bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), an S-phase marker; p27kip1 1 and p21cip1, G 1-phase inhibitors; connexin-43 and ZO-1, proteins associated with gap and tight junctions, respectively; Na + /K + -ATPase and β3-integrin, markers of plasma membrane polarity; and fibronectin and collagen type IV, constituents of Descemet's membrane. Nuclei staining positively for BrdU were counted to determine the relative number of S-phase cells at various times after birth. Marker protein expression and localization were determined by conventional fluorescence microscopy and by confocal microscopy. RESULTS. The number of endothelial cells staining positively for BrdU gradually decreased between postnatal days I and 13. After postnatal day 13, positive BrdU staining was no longer detectable. During the first postnatal week, cells stained positively for the G1-phase inhibitor p27kip1 but not for p21cip1. Connexin-43 achieved its mature location by postnatal day 1. ZO-1, Na + /K + -ATPase, β3-integrin, fibronectin, and collagen type IV achieved their mature localization patterns between postnatal days 14 and 21. CONCLUSIONS. In neonatal rat, corneal endothelial cells are still entering the cell cycle at birth, but cell cycle entry gradually decreases, so that by postnatal day 13 cells are no longer entering the S-phase. The G1-phase inhibitor p27kip1, but not p21cip1, may help mediate this inhibition. Stable cell- cell and cell-substrate contacts gradually form, and monolayer maturation is complete between postnatal days 14 and 21. The results lead to the hypothesis that, in developing rat cornea in vivo, the establishment of stable cell-cell and cell-substrate contacts initiates a cascade of events, mediated by p27kip1, which induces mitotic inhibition in the endothelial monolayer.
Autonomy and Need Satisfaction in Close Relationships: Relationships Motivation Theory

Establishing and maintaining close relationships are among the most important and autonomously pursued aspects of people’s lives. This chapter reviews the motivational dynamics of close relationships using Relationships Motivation Theory (RMT), a mini-theory within Self-Determination Theory. RMT posits a basic psychological need for relatedness that mobilizes people to pursue relationships, yet not all relationships are of high quality and satisfy the relatedness need. Even among warm relationships only those in which both partners experience autonomy and provide autonomy support to the other are deeply satisfying of the need for relatedness and are experienced as being of high quality. In contrast, control, objectification, and contingent regard thwart not only the autonomy need but also the relatedness need resulting in poor quality relationships. Need supports predict better dyadic functioning, more trust and volitional reliance, and greater wellness, and mutuality of need supports yields the most positive relationship outcomes.
The correct interpretation of the tensile strength of short fibre-reinforced composites

An analytical method of calculating the tensile strength of composites, with perfectly bonded and randomly oriented short fibres, was described recently in this journal by Zhu et al. '1'. When comparing the calculations with experimental results for aluminum alloys, reinforced with Al2O3 fibres in a three-dimensionally random array, the conclusions were incorrect. The authors did not recognize that in this type of composite, the transverse fibres often delaminate. This paper describes an alternative and simpler method of calculating the tensile strength, which includes both perfect bonding and the effect of delamination. This method has been applied previously to two-dimensional random systems and is here extended to three-dimensional systems. The calculated values of strength are in excellent agreement with the experimental values quoted by Zhu et al. Further support is provided by comparisons with more extensive data for other metal matrix composites. General conclusions for a three-dimensional random system are that: (i) perfect bonding will only provide a modest increase of strength; and (ii) delamination of the transverse fibres will drastically reduce the strength and cannot be tolerated.
RxLegal: Pharmacist Gag Clauses.

Much publicity has surrounded the use of gag clauses in contracts between insurance companies or their pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) and pharmacies. These clauses prohibit pharmacists from volun...
A Retrospective of Oil and Gas Field Development in the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf Gulf of Mexico, 1947–2017

The U.S. Gulf of Mexico is a world-class hydrocarbon basin and industry has an impressive track record of advancing its capabilities in the region. From 1947 to 2017, the U.S. Gulf of Mexico has produced over 52 billion barrels oil equivalent in federal waters, 20.7 billion barrels of oil and 187 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. Remaining reserves are estimated at 4.8 billion barrels oil equivalent, 80% of which reside in deep water greater than 400 ft. Undiscovered technically and economically recoverable resources are estimated at 74 billion barrels oil equivalent mean potential, 85% of which are estimated to reside in deep water. In this retrospective of exploration and production in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, a statistical and trend analysis of field counts, sizes and distributions are presented followed by exploration and development drilling activity. Field discovery rates, play types, and reserves are summarized along with a description of the geology of the shallow water and deep water U.S. Gulf of Mexico and remarks on reserves growth. Every decade or so, a new concept, play type or technology has emerged in the region, and most resource potential occurs in areas requiring technical advancement.
Is targeted community DNA metabarcoding suitable for biodiversity inventories of lichen-forming fungi?

Abstract Comprehensive lichen inventories at biomonitoring reference sites provide valuable ecological information but are notoriously difficult to obtain. Due to the limited number of specialists and challenges with generating objective species inventories, investigating alternative or complementary strategies for compiling lichen inventories is paramount to improve biomonitoring strategies. The aim of this study was to determine if targeted community DNA metabarcoding provides an efficient, objective and reliable approach for characterizing lichen-forming fungal diversity in biomonitoring research. To evaluate if reliable biodiversity data could be obtained efficiently and objectively, metacommunity samples were collected by trained field technicians and a professional lichenologist at a previously established biomonitoring reference site in east-central Nevada, USA. Using amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing of a portion of the fungal DNA barcoding marker, the internal transcribed spacer region, molecular operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were inferred and used as a proxy for species diversity. OTUs from individual sampling efforts and two DNA extraction methods were compared to data from the original, voucher-based inventory at the same site. Treating OTUs as a proxy for species diversity, a 1.6-fold increase in diversity of lichen-forming fungi was observed when comparing the targeted community DNA metabarcoding to the initial, voucher-based inventories – 72 OTUs vs. 43 species. Strikingly, substantial overlap in captured OTU diversity was observed between minimally trained technicians and a professional lichenologist metacommunity samples. Based on these results, targeted community DNA metabarcoding is a promising strategy for creating objective lichen inventories. However, metabarcoding cannot discriminate the presence of established thalli from that of spores or propagules (in absence of established thalli) present in the sample/area. Therefore, targeted community DNA metabarcoding for assessing lichen biodiversity offers a complementary, rather than a substitutive sampling strategy.
Operative spinal trauma: Thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin or a direct oral anticoagulant.

Essentials Operative spine trauma patients are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) may have a favorable efficacy and safety in spine trauma. Patients on DOACs had lower rates of VTE in comparison to low molecular weight heparin. DOACs did not augment the risk of surgical bleeding (transfusion, decompressive procedures). BACKGROUND Spinal trauma patients are at high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). OBJECTIVE To compare the impacts of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) as thromboprophylactic agents on outcomes in operative spinal trauma patients. METHODS A 2-year (2015-2016) retrospective cohort analysis of such patients (spine Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] ≥ 3 and other AIS < 3) who received LMWH or DOACs was performed. Propensity score matching (1:2 ratio) followed stratification into two groups. Outcomes included rates of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE), packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusion, operative interventions for spinal cord decompression, and mortality. RESULTS Of 6036 patients, 810 (270 receiving DOACs; 540 receiving LMWH) were matched. The mean age was 62 ± 15 years, 58% were male, and the median Injury Severity Score was 12 (10-18). Matched groups were similar in demographics, injury parameters, emergency department vital signs, hospital stay, rates of inferior vena cava filter placement, and timing of initiation of thromboprophylaxis. The overall rate of in-hospital DVT was 5.6%, the overall rate of in-hospital PE was 1.6%, and the mortality rate was 2.5%. DOAC patients were less likely to develop DVT (1.8% vs 7.4%) and PE (0.3% vs 2.1%). There were no differences in postprophylaxis pRBC transfusion requirements, postprophylaxis decompressive procedures on the spinal cord, or mortality. CONCLUSION In operative spinal trauma patients, thromboprophylaxis with DOACs appears to be associated with lower rates of DVT and PE. Further prospective clinical trials should evaluate the role of DOACs in preventing VTE events in spinal trauma patients.
Variation among primary care physicians in 30-day readmissions

Some proposals for reducing the frequency of hospital readmissions require that programs identify the primary care physicians who provide outpatient care for discharged patients and then target tho...
Good People, Bad Managers: How Work Culture Corrupts Good Intentions, By Samuel A. Culbert; New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2017. 188 pp. $24.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780190652395.

Management Bad. Workers Good. The System Must Change. This captures what UCLA Management professor Samuel A. Culbert offers us in Good People, Bad Managers. The award-winning author advances the vi...
The social and genetic inheritance of educational attainment: Genes, parental education, and educational expansion.

Abstract Recently, several genome-wide association studies of educational attainment have found education-related genetic variants and enabled the integration of human inheritance into social research. This study incorporates the newest education polygenic score (Lee et al., 2018) into sociological research, and tests three gene-environment interaction hypotheses on status attainment. Using the Health and Retirement Study (N = 7599), I report three findings. First, a standard deviation increase in the education polygenic score is associated with a 58% increase in the likelihood of advancing to the next level of education, while a standard deviation increase in parental education results in a 53% increase. Second, supporting the Saunders hypothesis, the genetic effect becomes 11% smaller when parental education is one standard deviation higher, indicating that highly educated parents are more able to preserve their family's elite status in the next generation. Finally, the genetic effect is slightly greater for the younger cohort (1942–59) than the older cohort (1920–41). The findings strengthen the existing literature on the social influences in helping children achieve their innate talents.
Terminating Cost-Sharing Reduction Subsidy Payments: The Impact Of Marketplace Zero-Dollar Premium Plans On Enrollment.

The termination of cost-sharing reduction subsidy payments to insurers in 2017 by the administration of President Donald Trump resulted in a proliferation of Marketplace plans having zero-dollar pr...
Leptin Receptors in RIP-Cre25Mgn neurons Mediate Anti-Dyslipidemia Effects of Leptin in Insulin-Deficient Male Mice

Leptin is a potent endocrine hormone produced by adipose tissue and regulates a broad range of metabolism including glucose and lipid metabolism, with and without insulin. It is evident that central leptin signaling can lower hyperglycemia in insulin-deficient rodents via multiple mechanisms including restoration of dyslipidemia. However, the specific neurons that regulate these glucose-lowering and anti-dyslipidemia effects of leptin remain unidentified. Here we report that leptin receptors (LEPRs) in neurons expressing Cre recombinase driven by a short fragment of a promoter region of Ins2 gene (RIP-Cre25Mgn neurons) are required for central leptin signaling to reverse hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in insulin-deficient mice. Ablation of LEPRs in RIP-Cre25Mgn neurons completely blocks glucose-lowering effects of leptin in insulin-deficient mice. Further investigations reveal that insulin-deficient mice lacking LEPRs in RIP-Cre25Mgn neurons (RIP-Cre∆LEPR mice) exhibit greater lipid levels in blood and liver compared to wild-type controls, and that leptin injection into the brain does not suppress dyslipidemia in insulin-deficient RIP-Cre∆LEPR mice. Leptin administration into the brain combined with acipimox, which lowers blood lipids by suppressing triglyceride lipase activity, can restore normal glycemia in insulin-deficient RIP-Cre∆LEPR mice, suggesting that excess circulating lipids are a driving-force of hyperglycemia in insulin-deficient RIP-Cre∆LEPR mice. Collectively, our data demonstrate that LEPRs in RIP-Cre25Mgn neurons significantly contribute to glucose-lowering effects of leptin in an insulin-independent manner by suppression of dyslipidemia.
Secure Linear Quadratic Regulator Using Sparse Model-Free Reinforcement Learning

This paper presents a resilient model-free reinforcement learning solution to linear quadratic regulator control of cyber-physical systems under sensor attacks. To guarantee resiliency to sensor attacks, a sparse least-squares optimization is introduced to solve the Bellman equation. While the Bellman equation does not involve any dynamics, it implicitly solves a Lyapunov equation which depends on the system dynamics. Thus, if the data are corrupted and do not follow the dynamics, that causes an error in the Bellman equation. Therefore, assuming a strong system observability, i.e., s-sparse observability, the proposed sparse optimization assures that the data from compromised sensors that lead to a sizable error in the Bellman equation have no effect in reconstructing the state of the system, and, thus on evaluation of the policy. That is, only sensory outputs that result in a small error in the Bellman equation affect the policy evaluation. Once the optimal control policy is found, it can be applied to the system, until a surprise signal depending on the Bellman error is activated to indicate a change caused by a new attack or a change in the system dynamics.
Hepatobiliary Adverse Events

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly used for multiple cancer types. Hepatotoxicity is a reported adverse event of ICI treatment. It can present as asymptomatic elevation of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase or symptomatic hepatitis with fever, malaise, and even death in rare cases. The diagnosis of ICI-induced hepatitis is made after exclusion of other etiologies based on medical history, laboratory evaluation, and imaging and histological findings. Treatment of ICI-induced hepatitis consists of ICI discontinuation and immunosuppression in severe cases. Pancreatic injury as asymptomatic lipase elevation or acute pancreatitis-like disease with abdominal pain and evidence on imaging has been documented as a toxicity of ICI therapy. Appropriate treatment of pancreatitis still needs further investigation. Few cases, reports, and series documented cholecystitis and cholangitis as possible adverse events related to ICI therapy as well.
Impact of insurance status on overall survival after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC).

Objectives The impact of insurance status on oncological outcome in patients undergoing cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) is poorly understood. Methods Retrospective study on 31 patients having undergone 36 CRS-HIPEC at a single institution (safety-net hospital) between 2012 and 2018. Patients were categorized as insured or underinsured. Demographics and perioperative events were compared. Primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Results A total of 20 patients were underinsured and 11 were insured. There were less gynecologic malignancies in the underinsured (p=0.02). On univariate analysis, factors linked to poor survival included gastrointestinal (p=0.01) and gynecologic malignancies (p=0.046), treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p=0.03), CC1 (p=0.02), abdominal wall resection (p=0.01) and Clavien-Dindo 3-4 (p=0.01). Treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and abdominal wall resections, but not insurance status, were independently associated with OS (p=0.01, p=0.02 respectively). However, at the end of follow-up, six patients were alive in the insured group vs. zero in the underinsured group. Conclusions In this small, exploratory study, there was no statistical difference in OS between insured and underinsured patients after CRS-HIPEC. However, long-term survivors were observed only in the insured group.
Types of Linear Models

The model equation for a linear model, i.e., y = Xβ + e, has two distinct terms on the right-hand side: Xβ and e. Because Xβ = E(y), we refer to any additional assumptions made about Xβ (i.e., additional to X being nonrandom and known and β being nonrandom and unknown) as the model’s mean structure, and to any additional assumptions made about e [i.e., additional to E(e) = 0] as the model’s error structure. In this chapter, we give a brief overview of various linear models that are distinguishable from one another on the basis of these two types of structure, and we describe some terminology associated with each type. We also describe prediction-extended versions of these models, i.e., models for the mean structure and error structure of the joint distribution of y and a related, though unobservable, random vector u. Throughout the remainder of the book, many aspects of linear model theory will be exemplified by the models introduced here.
Clinical implications of differences between real world and clinical trial usage of left ventricular assist devices for end stage heart failure.

IMPORTANCE Patient outcomes in heart failure clinical trials are generally better than those observed in real-world settings. This may be related to stricter inclusion and exclusion criteria in clinical trials. OBJECTIVE We study sought to characterize the clinical implications of differences between patients in clinical trials and those in a real-world registry of patients receiving left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective cohort study included all patients in INTERMACS (the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support) who were implanted with an axial flow LVAD from 2010 to 2015 to allow for equivalent comparisons. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Differences in patient characteristics and 2-year rates of adverse outcomes with those reported in the ENDURANCE and MOMENTUM 3 clinical trials. Survival analyses were used to assess the relationships between prespecified patient factors and clinical outcomes. RESULTS Of the 10,937 LVAD recipients identified in INTERMACS between 2010-2015, 44% met at least 1 clinical trial exclusion criterion. The 2-year incidence of stroke and death amongst LVAD recipients in INTERMACS and the landmark clinical trials differed significantly (P<0.04, both). Nevertheless, patients who would have been excluded from the clinical trials did not have dramatically different 2-year mortality outcomes in INTERMACS [2y survival estimate: 66.4%, 95% CI (64.9-67.9%) versus 71.9%, 95% CI (70.6-73.1%)]. Clinical interventions driving a significantly increased risk of death were relatively rare (<5% of implants) and included mechanical ventilation, ECMO, severe thrombocytopenia, and dialysis. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Most exclusion criteria used in LVAD clinical trials did not afford a substantially greater risk to patients in the real-world setting. In the relatively infrequent cases of end stage renal disease, thrombocytopenia, respiratory failure, and need for ECMO, the risks and benefits of LVAD therapy need careful weighting and further study.
Ocular manifestations and surgical interventions in pediatric patients with Koolen-de-Vries syndrome.

Background: Koolen-de Vries syndrome (KdVS) (OMIM #610443) or 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by developmental and speech delay, intellectual disability, e...
Endoscopic Implantation of Bioinductive Patch for Chronic Partial Retearing After Hamstring Repair

Proximal hamstring tendon avulsions are a relatively rare type of hamstring injury associated with persistent morbidity, including pain, weakness, and functional limitations. Open or endoscopic surgical repair is the standard treatment for complete tendon avulsions or partial tears that remain symptomatic despite conservative management in relatively young, healthy, and active patients. However, complications known to occur include retearing of the hamstring, infection, nerve injury, inability to return to work or sport, subjective persistent weakness, and subjective persistent pain. In the case of persistent pain where the repair is partially retorn, a careful history, physical examination, and scrutiny of radiologic studies can help guide management. We describe a technique for using revision endoscopy and augmentation with a bovine bioinductive patch in a case of chronic persistently painful partial retear after a proximal hamstring repair.
Quantum reactive scattering calculations for the cold and ultracold Li + LiNa → Li2 + Na reaction.

A first-principles based quantum dynamics study of the Li + LiNa(v = 0, j = 0) → Li2(v′, j′) + Na reaction is reported for collision energies spanning the ultracold (1 nK) to cold (1 K) regimes. A full-dimensional ab initio potential energy surface for the ground electronic state of Li2Na is utilized that includes an accurate treatment of the long-range interactions. The Li + LiNa reaction is barrierless and exoergic and exhibits a deep attractive potential well that supports complex formation. Thus, significant reactivity occurs even for collision temperatures approaching absolute zero. The reactive scattering calculations are based on a numerically exact time-independent quantum dynamics methodology in hyperspherical coordinates. Total and rotationally resolved rate coefficients are reported at 56 collision energies and include all contributing partial waves. Several shape resonances are observed in many of the rotationally resolved rate coefficients and a small resonance feature is also reported in the total rate coefficient near 50 mK. Of particular interest, the angular distributions or differential cross sections are reported as a function of both the collision energy and scattering angle. Unique quantum fingerprints (bumps, channels, and ripples) are observed in the angular distributions for each product rotational state due to quantum interference and shape resonance contributions. The Li + LiNa reaction is under active experimental investigation so that these intriguing features could be verified experimentally when sufficient product state resolution becomes feasible for collision energies below 1 K.
Global Intrusion Detection in the DOMINO Overlay System.

Sharing data between widely distributed intrusion detection systems offers the possibility of significant improvements in speed and accuracy over isolated systems. In this paper, we describe and evaluate DOMINO (Distributed Overlay for Monitoring InterNet Outbreaks); an architecture for a distributed intrusion detection system that fosters collaboration among heterogeneous nodes organized as an overlay network. The overlay design enables DOMINO to be heterogeneous, scalable, and robust to attacks and failures. An important component of DOMINO’s design is the use of active-sink nodes which respond to and measure connections to unused IP addresses. This enables efficient detection of attacks from spoofed IP sources, reduces false positives, enables attack classification and production of timely blacklists. We evaluate the capabilities and performance of DOMINO using a large set of intrusion logs collected from over 1600 providers across the Internet. Our analysis demonstrates the significant marginal benefit obtained from distributed intrusion data sources coordinated through a system like DOMINO. We also evaluate how to configure DOMINO in order to maximize performance gains from the perspectives of blacklist length, blacklist freshness and IP proximity. We perform a retrospective analysis on the 2002 SQL-Snake and 2003 SQL-Slammer epidemics that highlights how information exchange through DOMINO would have reduced the reaction time and false-alarm rates during outbreaks. Finally, we provide preliminary results from our prototype active-sink deployment that illustrates the limited variability in the sink traffic and the feasibility of efficient classification and discrimination of attack types. ∗The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes, notwithstanding any copyright notices affixed thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors, and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the above government agencies or the U.S. Government.
Moving Toward Universal Health Coverage (UHC) to Achieve Inclusive and Sustainable Health Development: Three Essential Strategies Drawn From Asian Experience; Comment on “Improving the World’s Health Through the Post-2015 Development Agenda: Perspectives from Rwanda”

Binagwaho and colleagues’ perspective piece provided a timely reflection on the experience of Rwanda in achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and a proposal of 5 principles to carry forward in post-2015 health development. This commentary echoes their viewpoints and offers three lessons for health policy reforms consistent with these principles beyond 2015. Specifically, we argue that universal health coverage (UHC) is an integrated solution to advance the global health development agenda, and the three essential strategies drawn from Asian countries’ health reforms toward UHC are: (1) Public financing support and sequencing health insurance expansion by first extending health insurance to the extremely poor, vulnerable, and marginalized population are critical for achieving UHC; (2) Improved quality of delivered care ensures supply-side readiness and effective coverage; (3) Strategic purchasing and results-based financing creates incentives and accountability for positive changes. These strategies were discussed and illustrated with experience from China and other Asian economies.
Omega Rho International Honor Society for Operations Research and Management Science

Founded in 1976 and formally a part of INFORMS since 1998, Omega Rho International Honor Society for operations research and management science is a member of the Association of College Honor Societies and a foundation for excellence in operations research and management science disciplines. Primarily designed for honoring our best students and faculty through chapters established at universities, Omega Rho also sponsors the Omega Rho Distinguished Lecture at INFORMS Annual Meetings and select International Meetings, and provides annual support for the INFORMS Doctoral Student Colloquium and other select student-related events. Chapter expansion around the globe to honor deserving students effectively is an ongoing emphasis. Keywords: Omega Rho; Honor Society; INFORMS; Association of College Honor Societies
Public Relations in Academic Libraries: A Descriptive Analysis.

The need for public relations in academic libraries has often gone unrecognized. This article analyzes the results of interviews with 13 library directors on the subject of public relations. While most grasped the importance of establishing a strong public image, many have not actively pursued an organized public relations program.
Synthesis of Pyridoxine by a Pyridoxal Auxotroph of Escherichia coli

Dempsey, Walter B. (University of Florida, Gainesville). Synthesis of pyridoxine by a pyridoxal auxotroph of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 92:333–337. 1966.—A pyridoxal auxotroph of Escherichia coli B produced pyridoxol and pyridoxol 5′-phosphate during starvation for pyridoxal. The identification of these compounds was made both by bioassay and by ion-exchange chromatography. Pyridoxol 5′-phosphate oxidase activity was absent in extracts of the auxotroph. The rate of synthesis of total pyridoxine by a pyridoxal-starved culture of this auxotroph was 6.0 × 10−6 moles per mg per hr. Cellular content of pyridoxine was constant at 4.0 × 10−10 moles/mg.
Identification of Low-Risk Hospitalized Patients With Pneumonia: Implications for Early Conversion to Oral Antimicrobial Therapy

Purpose Few available data exist to define either the medically necessary duration of parenteral antimicrobial therapy or length of stay for hospitalized patients with pneumonia. Therefore, we investigated the potential safety and effectiveness of a practice guideline recommending early conversion of low-risk patients with pneumonia from parenteral to oral antimicrobial therapy and early hospital discharge. Patients and methods The practice guideline was studied retrospectively in 503 hospitalized patients with pneumonia at a teaching community hospital. Results Thirty-three percent of patients with pneumonia were classified as at low risk for complications and potentially suitable for early conversion to oral antimicrobial therapy according to the guideline. Were the guideline to have been used to guide patient discharge decisions, 619 additional bed-days would have been made available to accommodate incoming patients. A consensus among physician reviewers led to the judgment that quality of care would not have worsened for 98.2 percent of low-risk patients had they been switched to oral antimicrobial therapy on the third hospital day, nor would quality of care have been worsened for 93.4 percent of low-risk patients had they been discharged on the fourth hospital day. Conclusion The practice guideline that we studied has the potential to safely reduce the duration of parenteral antimicrobial therapy and length of hospital stay for selected low-risk patients with pneumonia. The guideline should be studied in a prospective clinical trial.
Hopf-von Neumann algebra bicrossproducts, Kac algebra bicrossproducts, and the Classical Yang-Baxter Equations

Two groups G1, G2 are said to be a matched pair if each acts on the space of the other and these actions, (α, β) say, obey a certain compatibility condition. For every matched pair of locally compact groups (G1, G2, α, β) we construct an associated coinvolutive Hopf-von Neumann algebra M(G1)β⋈αL∞(G2) by simultaneous cross product and cross coproduct. For non-trivial α, β these bicrossproduct Hopf-von Neumann algebras are non-commutative and non-cocommutative. If the modules for the actions α, β are also matched then these bicrossproducts are Kac algebras. In this case we show that the dual Kac algebra is of the same form with the roles of G1, G2 and of α, β interchanged. Examples exist with G1 a simply connected Lie group and choices of G2 determined by suitable solutions of the Classical Yang-Baxter Equations on the complexification of the Lie algebra of G1.
Ballistic deficit correction in semiconductor detector spectrometers

At high energies the energy resolution of gamma -ray spectrometers using large-diameter coaxial germanium detectors can be dominated by ballistic-deficit effects, particularly when short processing times are used to permit high-rate operation. This results because that rise-time variations in the detector signal are reflected in amplitude fluctuations after the signals pass through pulse shapes. A method is described for compensating for these effects on a pulse-by-pulse basis, using the observation that the loss of amplitude for slowly rising signals is accompanied by a delay in the peak time of the shaped output signal. The simple analog corrector circuit uses a relationship whereby the amplitude deficit is roughly proportional to the square of the time delay in the peak. Results show considerable improvements in the energy resolution of germanium gamma -ray spectrometers at high energies. >
Biochemical Characterization of the Protein Affinity Labeled by Dihydrotestosterone 17β-Bromoacetate: Comparison with the Human Androgen Receptor

Dihydrotestosterone 17β-bromoacetate covalently binds to a single protein of 58,000 mol wt from human genital skin fibroblast cytosol. Previous experiments have suggested that this protein is related to the human androgen receptor and may be a proteolytic fragment of the intact protein. In the present study the biochemical properties of the covalently radiolabeled protein were compared to those of the classically defined human androgen receptor radiolabeled noncovalently with [3H]dihydrotestosterone. The radiolabeled proteins were indistinguishable by gel filtration chromatography, sucrose density gradient centrifugation analysis, chromatofocusing, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Both ligands labeled a protein with an apparent Stokes radius of 4.4 nm under high salt conditions. Analysis on sucrose density gradients showed peaks of 4.6S and 9.2S with either ligand. The protein radiolabeled with either ligand chromatofocused as two isoforms, a predominant form with a pi of about 5.4 and a minor ...
An IQGAP-related protein controls actin-ring formation and cytokinesis in yeast

Abstract Background: Proteins of the IQGAP family have been identified as candidate effectors for the Rho family of GTPases; however, little is known about their cellular functions. The domain structures of IQGAP family members make them excellent candidates as regulators of the cytoskeleton: their sequences include an actin-binding domain homologous to that found in calponin, IQ motifs for interaction with calmodulin, and a GTPase-binding domain. Results: The genomic sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed a single gene encoding an IQGAP family member (denoted IQGAP-related protein: Iqg1). Iqg1 and IQGAPs share similarity along their entire length, with an amino-terminal calponin-homology (CH) domain, IQ repeats, and a conserved carboxyl terminus. In contrast to IQGAPs, Iqg1 lacks an identifiable GAP motif, a WW domain, and IR repeats, although the functions of these domains in IQGAPs are not well defined. Deletion of the IQG1 gene resulted in lethality. Cellular defects included a deficiency in cytokinesis, altered actin organization, aberrant nuclear segregation, and cell lysis. The primary defect appeared to be a cytokinesis defect, and the other problems possibly arose as a consequence of this initial defect. Consistent with a role in cytokinesis, Iqg1 co-localizes with an actin ring encircling the mother–bud neck late in the cell cycle –a putative cytokinetic ring. IQG1 overexpression resulted in premature actin-ring formation, suggesting that Iqg1 activity temporally controls formation of this structure during the cell cycle. Conclusions: Yeast IQGAP-related protein, Iqg1, is an important regulator of cellular morphogenesis, inducing actin-ring formation in association with cytokinesis.
Prey Selection of Subyearling Atlantic Salmon and Rainbow Trout Coexisting in a Natural Stream

ABSTRACT Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are similar ecologically but share no coevolutionary history favoring the evolution of niche-partitioning mechanisms. Therefore, interspecific competition may occur as each species becomes naturalized throughout the other's native range. As a first step towards investigating competitive interactions, we tested hypotheses regarding prey selection in allopatric and sympatric populations of Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout in a natural stream. Diet samples from 184 fish and contemporary drift samples were collected during a 24-hour period in mid-summer. Diet overlap was low between salmon and trout in allopatry, but high in sympatry. Salmon consumed more prey and a greater proportion of baetid mayflies than did trout, which fed more frequently on chironomid larvae and aerial-terrestrial invertebrates. Both species consumed larger prey when allopatric than when sympatric. Salmon in allopatry fed as generalists and trout in allopat...
Interferometric study of the dolomite dissolution: a new conceptual model for mineral dissolution

Abstract The dissolution rate and mechanism of three different cleavage faces of a dolomite crystal from Navarra (near Pamplona), Spain, were studied in detail by vertical scanning interferometry techniques. A total of 37 different regions (each about 124 × 156 μm in size) on the three sample surfaces were monitored as a function of time during dissolution at 25°C and pH 3. Dissolution produced shallow etch pits with widths reaching 20 μm during 8 h of dissolution. Depth development as a function of time was remarkably similar for all etch pits on a given dolomite surface. On the basis of etch pit distribution and volume as a function of time, the calculated dissolution rate increases from near zero to 4 × 10 −11 mol cm −2 s −1 over 5 h. The time variation is different for each of the three cleavage surfaces studied. In addition, the absolute dissolution rates of different parts of the dolomite crystal surface can be computed by using a reference surface. The different surfaces yield an “average” rate of 1.08 × 10 −11 mol cm −2 s −1 with a standard deviation of 0.3 × 10 −11 mol cm −2 s −1 based on about 60 analyses. The mean absolute rate of the dolomite surface is about 10 times slower than the rate calculated from etch pit dissolution alone. On the other hand, earlier batch rate data that used BET surface areas yield rates that are at least 30 to 60 times faster than our directly measured mean dissolution rate for the same pH and temperature. A conceptual model for mineral dissolution has been inferred from the surface topography obtained by the interferometry investigations. In this model, mineral dissolution is not dominated by etch pit formation itself but rather by extensive dissolution stepwaves that originate at the outskirts of the etch pits. These stepwaves control the overall dissolution as well as the dependence on temperature and saturation state.