cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modelling transport of dissolved silica in a forested headwater catchment: the effect of hydrological and chemical time scales on hysteresis in the concentration-discharge relationship

The relationship between concentration c and discharge Q in a stream is one of the aspects of hydrochemical catchment response that has been used widely as a diagnostic. In particular, loops in the c-Q curve, commonly referred to as hysteresis loops, are used to infer particular mixing patterns. At the South Fork of Brokenback Run (SFBR) in the Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, we have evidence that stream dynamics reflect a system composed of an ephemeral subsurface stormflow zone perched above a perennial water table. The relationship between dissolved silica and stream discharge exhibits hysteresis in the clockwise (CW) direction. Modelling this relationship in the context of three-component mixing with constant-concentration end members failed to reproduce the observed c-Q pattern. In this paper we examine the possibility that temporal variation in soil-water concentrations of silica can explain how CW hysteresis loops in the c-Q curve can arise. In particular, we examine the role of the ratio of a hydrological time scale to a chemical time scale in determining the nature of hysteresis loops. The CW loops that we observe in SFBR can be explained by time variability in soil-water concentrations only if the chemical (leaching) time constant is less than (or only slightly greater than) the hydrological time constant. The near equality of these time constants is consistent with reports from hydrological measurements and leaching experiments.
Isodehydroleucodin and another novel cis-lactonized guaianolide from montanoa imbricata

Abstract Montanoa imbricata yielded two guaianolides, isodehydroleucodin, which is the C-5,C-6-isomer of dehydroleucodin, and 9-oxo-isodehydroleucodin.
Difference in centrifugal force and the slope of sea level off Miami

The sea level in the Florida Straits is part of the controversial issue of sea level slope along continental boundaries (Balazs, 1973; Sturges, 1974; Mourad, 1975; Chew, 1977). In this paper we show a case where the sea level topography off Miami is significantly affected by a downstream difference in centrifugal force. This case centers on an application of the turning vorticity equation (Chew, 1975) to the observation of Schmitz and Richardson (1966), wherein the divergence effect of Bernoulli acceleration is taken into account in an estimation of centrifugal force. On one hand, the analysis shows a downstream increase in centrifugal force in conjunction with a concurrent decrease in average cross‐stream sea level slope. On the other hand, the generally held notion of cross‐stream geostrophy in conjunction with a downstream increase in average cross‐stream slope is shown to be inconsistent with the observation.
The transport of gases in synthetic polymeric membranes — an historic perspective

Abstract The early history of gas transport studies is briefly reviewed. These studies were almost entirely concerned with natural rubber membranes. By 1880 the simple form of the solution-diffusion model had been derived and checked and by 1920 the time lag method for determining diffusion coefficients had been developed. The work which followed, for the next thirty years, was mainly concerned with natural and synthetic elastomers all well above their glass transition temperature, mainly hydrocarbon in nature, and non-crystalline. p]A number of reasonably successful correlations were shown between the gas transport parameters and the physical and chemical properties of the polymers. It is clear now that these correlations break down with the polar polymers. p]Functional relationships which have stood the test of time are those between the force parameters of the gas and the logarithms of the solubility coefficients. The linear relationship between the pre-exponential factors (or the entropies) of the diffusion coefficients and the activation energies also holds for most polymers. The remarkable constancy of the ratios of the permeability coefficients for the atmospheric gases through a large number of different polymers also has continued to be valid. p]The arrival of numerous new polymers introduced the dual complications of crystallinity (and morphology) and the glassy state. The concept of dual mode sorption cast doubt on many of the results and conclusions reached with glassy polymers. Recent work, however, shows great promise that these difficulties can be overcome and attention can again be focused on the mechanism of such transport. Finally, the behavior of the gas transport parameters above and below the glass transition temperatures is discussed.
ON THE ROLE OF FORBIDDEN LOW‐LYING EXCITED STATES OF LIGHT‐HARVESTING CAROTENOIDS IN ENERGY TRANSFER IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS*

—It is proposed that the low-lying. electric-dipole forbidden Ag excited electronic state recently discovered in β-carotene acts as the energy donor in Forster-type excitation transfer to antenna Chl molecules folbwing β-carotene's light-harvesting function in photosynthesis. The mechanism and conclusion should apply as well to all carotenoid accessory pigments.
A syntax-directed parser for recalcitrant grammars

This paper deals with a syntax-directed parsing scheme being used in a PL/I compiler for the CDC 6600. It uses a highly restricted grammar of the class LL(1) for efficiency, with an escape hatch for those cases excluded by the grammar. These cases are handled by oracles that can make decisions without a full-scale syntactic analysis. The input to SYNDIPAR, the SYNtax Directed PARser, consists of syntax equations, semantic routines, and token class definitions; the output consists of a PARSE procedure in PL/I together with certain tables. The PARSE procedure works in conjunction with a lexical scanner, designed to allow look-ahead by oracles in a uniform fashion. The actual parsing process takes place through the interpretation of a program compiled by SYNDIPAR for a parsing machine. The instruction set of the parsing machine is described, and an example of the compilation of a syntax equation is given.
Racial differences in insulin resistance and mid-thigh fat deposition in postmenopausal women.

Objective: To determine whether racial differences in insulin resistance between African American (AA) and white women exist in postmenopausal women and whether they are related to physical fitness and/or obesity. Research Methods and Procedures: We studied 35 obese AA (n = 9) and white (n = 26) women of comparable maximal oxygen consumption, obesity, and age. Total body fat was measured by DXA. Abdominal and mid-thigh low-density lean tissue (a marker of intramuscular fat) were determined with computed tomography. Glucose utilization (M) was measured during the last 30 minutes of a 3-hour hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Insulin sensitivity was estimated from the relationship of M to the concentration of insulin during the last 30 minutes of the clamp. Results: The percentage of fat and total body fat mass were similar between AA and white women, whereas fat-free mass was higher in African American women. Visceral adipose tissue was not different between groups, but subcutaneous abdominal fat was 17% higher in the AA than in the white women. AA women had an 18% greater mid-thigh muscle area (p < 0.01) and a 34% greater mid-thigh low-density lean tissue area than the white women. Fasting glucose concentrations were not different, but fasting insulin concentrations were 29% higher in AA women. Glucose utilization was 60% lower in the AA women because of a lower non-oxidative glucose disposal. Insulin sensitivity was 46% lower in the AA women. Discussion: AA postmenopausal women have more mid-thigh intramuscular fat, lower glucose utilization, and are less insulin sensitive than white women despite comparable fitness and relative body fat levels.
Market monitoring and leader follower incentive control of ancillary services

The problems of market monitoring and the control of ancillary services of a future energy system are presented. We envision that the future system operation of electric power systems will evolve into completely unbundled ancillary service markets that are governed by spot-price signals. The grid operators need to acquire ancillary services through competitive markets for control of the system operation. With the above vision of the future, this paper presents the control of ancillary services based on a frequency regulation/load-following control (LFC) market, a regulated load (RL) market and a base load (BL) market. In the LFC market, the units dispatched for generation must have specific response characteristics as determined by the nature of the system loads. These units are controlled by the grid operator. It is envisioned that LFC will be multi-time-scale and decentralized. In the RL market, the units dispatched for generation do not participate in LFC. These units are dispatched for a specific period of time for regulating the system load. The BL units are dispatched daily to satisfy the BL of the day on a weekly or monthly basis. The locational market power associated with generators participating in LFC and in RL is even move critical than that for generators participating in satisfying the BL since these units are required for frequency regulation, voltage support and relief of overload conditions. To create an efficient market for these services, we propose and formulate the use of incentive leader-follower strategies for the BL, RL and LFC markets.
Using Advocacy and Inquiry To Improve the Thinking Process of Future Managers.

In today’s dynamic and intricate environment, how do educators make a difference in teaching future managers to explore complex, interdependent problems in a way that helps them think together to a...
Hypobaria, hypoxia, and light affect gas exchange and the CO2 compensation and saturation points of lettuce (Lactuca sativa)This paper is one of a selection published in a Special Issue comprising papers presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Society of Plant Physiologists (CSPP) held at the University of Ottawa, Ontario, in June 2008.

There are important engineering and crop production advantages in growing plants under hypobaric (reduced atmospheric pressure) conditions for extraterrestrial base or spaceflight environments. The...
An analysis of the crew's role in a highly automated Space Station crew reentry vehicle

An analysis of potential crew involvement in a highly automated vehicle for returning crew members from an orbiting Space Station is presented. The purpose of the analysis is to define a systematic process by which the various constraints of crew deconditioning, crew training, and operational environment could be balanced in designing the crew's response to automation failures. The results of the analysis include an automation taxonomy in which crew involvement in a given situation is bounded at one end by mission requirements and level of automation failure and at the other by crew capabilities, and a list of crew functions at each level of potential crew involvement. >
Transarterial chemoembolization is ineffective for neuroendocrine tumors metastatic to the caudate lobe: a single institution review

Background Caudate lobe liver metastases occur commonly in patients with neuroendocrine tumors. It is unknown, however, how these lesions respond to regional therapy and how their presence impacts outcomes. We reviewed our experience treating these lesions using transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with a Reharvested Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Graft

We sought to determine the results in patients who underwent revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a reharvested bone-patellar tendon-bone graft. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging of the patellar tendon was used to determine the width of the tendon and the quality of the tissue. The section of the tendon harvested included 7 to 8 mm of the regenerated tendon and 2 to 3 mm of previously untouched tendon either medial or lateral to the healed tissue. The mean time from primary graft harvest to reharvest was 71.0 +/- 44 months (range, 32 to 180). An accelerated rehabilitation program was used postoperatively. Objective follow-up of more than 2 years after surgery was available for 8 patients at a mean of 49.0 +/- 15.4 months. The average range of motion in the anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knee was 6/0/133 at 1 month postoperatively and 6/0/145 at long-term follow-up. The mean manual maximum KT-1000 arthrometer difference between knees was 1.6 +/- 1.2 mm. The mean isokinetic quadriceps muscle strength of the reharvested graft donor knee was 103% +/- 7% of that of the opposite knee. Subjective scores were obtained from 11 patients (12 knees) at a mean of 51.5 +/- 35.7 months (range, 24 to 150) after surgery; the mean score was 89.3 +/- 6.9 points. We conclude that with appropriate preoperative planning, a reharvested patellar tendon can be used for revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction to obtain reliable stability and strength postoperatively.
Manual Determination of Intra-Erythrocytic 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate in Whole Blood by Enzymatic Analysis, and Comparison with Ion-Exchange Chromatography

A manual modification of an automated method [Atkinson, K. F., Clin. Chem. 18, 1001 (1972)] for enzymatic assay of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate is described, which is suitable for small laboratories. Samples are easily prepared for analysis, and preparations are stable for several months. Virtually all of the color generated in the colorimetric assay is produced by the diphosphoglycerate-catalyzed reaction. The coefficient of variation for multiple samples from a single subject was 2.4%. Delayed preparation of samples, particularly samples from some acidotic subjects, is shown to result in altered results. The enzyme method is compared with analysis by ion-exchange chromatography.
Coupled extensional and torsional deformations of a piezoelectric cylinder

We derive a one-dimensional model from the three-dimensional equations to analyze electromechanical deformations of a piezoceramic cylinder. We show that its extensional and torsional deformations are coupled if the axis of polarization at a point makes a nonzero angle with the axis of the cylinder and the projection of the polarization vector on a cross section is perpendicular to the radial line through the point.
Effect of Extraction Procedure and Gas Chromatography Temperature Program on Discrimination of MDMA Exhibits

Analysis of impurities in seized MDMA tablets can be used to determine the synthesis method used and to identify links among exhibits. However, no standardized method exists to generate impurity profiles, limiting comparisons among different laboratories. This research investigated the effect of extraction procedure and gas chromatography temperature program on the resulting impurity profiles. Five exhibits were extracted using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), then analyzed using two different temperature programs. Profiles were statistically assessed using principal components analysis. While LLE was more reproducible, more compounds were extracted using HS-SPME, thus providing more informative chemical profiles. The longer temperature program (53 min vs. 36 min) allowed greater discrimination of exhibits, due to improved precision as a result of an extended hold time (12 min). This research further highlights the need for standardized extraction and analysis procedures to allow comparison of chemical profiles generated in different laboratories.
PutA protein, a membrane-associated flavin dehydrogenase, acts as a redox-dependent transcriptional regulator.

Abstract The proline utilization (put) operon of Salmonella typhimurium is transcriptionally repressed by PutA protein in the absence of proline. PutA protein also carries out the enzymatic steps in proline catabolism. These two roles require different cellular localizations of PutA. Catabolism of proline requires PutA to associate with the membrane because reoxidation of the FAD cofactor in PutA needs the presence of an electron acceptor. Repression of the put operon requires PutA to bind to the put control-region DNA in the cytoplasm. The presence of proline, the inducer, is necessary but not sufficient for PutA to discriminate between its roles as an enzyme or as a repressor. Two conditions that prevent PutA protein binding to the put control region are (i) when proline and an electron acceptor or the cytoplasmic membrane are present or (ii) when PutA is reduced by dithionite. These two conditions increase the relative hydrophobicity of PutA protein, favoring membrane association and therefore enzymatic activity.
A floating-point fused add-subtract unit

A floating-point fused add-subtract unit is described that performs simultaneous floating-point add and subtract operations on a common pair of single-precision data in about the same time that it takes to perform a single addition with a conventional floating-point adder. When placed and routed in a 45 nm process, the fused add-subtract unit is only about 40% larger than a conventional floating-point adder.
Inexpensive local interconnect solutions using side-coupling polymer optical fibers

Potentially low-cost optical side-couplers embedded along a polymer optical fiber are demonstrated using etched micro-mirrors. Both serial and parallel mirror fabrication possibilities are discussed. Near uniform light distributions to as many as 256 such side-coupling ports along a single straight fiber were experimentally obtained. Various unidirectional and bi-directional all plastic array coupler concepts are presented. Some of them are experimentally demonstrated. Low-cost unidirectional and bidirectional optical data buses are proposed.
An N-Terminal Threonine Mutation Produces an Efflux-Favorable, Sodium-Primed Conformation of the Human Dopamine Transporter

The dopamine transporter (DAT) reversibly transports dopamine (DA) through a series of conformational transitions. Alanine (T62A) or aspartate (T62D) mutagenesis of Thr62 revealed T62D-human (h)DAT partitions in a predominately efflux-preferring conformation. Compared with wild-type (WT), T62D-hDAT exhibits reduced [3H]DA uptake and enhanced baseline DA efflux, whereas T62A-hDAT and WT-hDAT function in an influx-preferring conformation. We now interrogate the basis of the mutants’ altered function with respect to membrane conductance and Na+ sensitivity. The hDAT constructs were expressed in Xenopus oocytes to investigate if heightened membrane potential would explain the efflux characteristics of T62D-hDAT. In the absence of substrate, all constructs displayed identical resting membrane potentials. Substrate-induced inward currents were present in oocytes expressing WT- and T62A-hDAT but not T62D-hDAT, suggesting equal bidirectional ion flow through T62D-hDAT. Utilization of the fluorescent DAT substrate ASP+ [4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium] revealed that T62D-hDAT accumulates substrate in human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells when the substrate is not subject to efflux. Extracellular sodium (Na+e) replacement was used to evaluate sodium gradient requirements for DAT transport functions. The EC50 for Na+e stimulation of [3H]DA uptake was identical in all constructs expressed in HEK-293 cells. As expected, decreasing [Na+]e stimulated [3H]DA efflux in WT- and T62A-hDAT cells. Conversely, the elevated [3H]DA efflux in T62D-hDAT cells was independent of Na+e and commensurate with [3H]DA efflux attained in WT-hDAT cells, either by removal of Na+e or by application of amphetamine. We conclude that T62D-hDAT represents an efflux-willing, Na+-primed orientation—possibly representing an experimental model of the conformational impact of amphetamine exposure to hDAT.
Comparison of Easy-Flow Copan Liquid Stuart's and Starplex Swab Transport Systems for Recovery of Fastidious Aerobic Bacteria

Because samples are frequently submitted on swabs from distant sites, viability of the organism must be maintained. We compared two transport systems, a new Copan Liquid Stuart's swab with an Easy-Flow swab applicator and the Starplex Liquid Stuart's swab. The purpose of the study was to assess the release and/or recovery of organisms from the Copan system compared to that from Starplex. Triplicate swabs were seeded with 3 dilutions of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Although the amount of the initial inoculum was the same for both transport systems, recovery by the roll-plate method at time zero was consistently increased with the Copan system (31 to 87% higher). This is the most important finding in this study. With N. gonorrhoeae, subsequent recoveries were similar for Copan and Starplex but poor for both systems. With N. meningitidis and Haemophilus, higher levels of recovery were clearly obtained with Copan (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). With Streptococcus, subsequent recoveries for Copan and Starplex were mixed. In conclusion, Copan generally demonstrated better recovery of organisms compared to Starplex even (and especially) at time zero.
Coronary Artery Calcium Analysis and Reporting on Noncontrast Chest CT Scans: a Paradigm Shift in Prevention

The quantification of coronary artery calcium (CAC) on gated noncontrast cardiac CT, as a screening test for subclinical coronary artery disease, has been consistently proven to be superior to risk factors and biomarkers for the prediction of long-term cardiovascular risk. Coronary artery calcium is also readily evaluable in every noncontrast (nongated) chest CT scan, yet there are no recommendations for reporting CAC in scans done for noncardiac indications. Lung CT scanning has been approved for lung cancer screening, and almost all the candidates are intermediate to high risk for coronary artery disease, which can be powerfully evaluated by the assessment of CAC at no additional radiation or cost. There are technical requirements for scanner detectors, slice thickness, and voltage which are easily satisfied. EKG gating provides the highest quality studies but will be more difficult to universally implement. Agatston scoring, ordinal scoring, and visual estimation of nongated scans offer alternatives and are supported by varying degrees of data. Similarly, newer reconstruction algorithms are available but are not yet widely used. Barriers to reporting include increased time and lack of increased reimbursement for CAC analysis, difficulties inherent to reporting abnormal results, and referring physician understanding and utilization of the results to alter patient education and management.
Tackling causes and costs of ED presentation for American football injuries: a population-level study

BACKGROUND: American tackle football is the most popular high-energy impact sport in the United States, with approximately 9 million participants competing annually. Previous epidemiologic studies of football-related injuries have generally focused on specific geographic areas or pediatric age groups. Our study sought to examine patient characteristics and outcomes, including hospital charges, among athletes presenting for emergency department (ED) treatment of football-related injury across all age groups in a large nationally representative data set. METHODS: Patients presenting for ED treatment of injuries sustained playing American tackle football (identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code E007.0) from 2010 to 2011 were studied in the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample. Patient-specific injuries were identified using the primary International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis code and categorized by type and anatomical region. Standard descriptive methods examined patient demographics, diagnosis categories, and ED and inpatient outcomes and charges. RESULTS: During the study period 397363 football players presented for ED treatment, 95.8% of whom were male. Sprains/strains (25.6%), limb fractures (20.7%), and head injuries (including traumatic brain injury; 17.5%) represented the most presenting injuries. Overall, 97.9% of patients underwent routine ED discharge with 1.1% admitted directly and fewer than 11 patients in the 2-year study period dying prior to discharge. The proportion of admitted patients who required surgical interventions was 15.7%, of which 89.9% were orthopedic, 4.7% neurologic, and 2.6% abdominal. Among individuals admitted to inpatient care, mean hospital length of stay was 2.4days (95% confidence interval, 2.2-2.6) and 95.6% underwent routine discharge home. The mean total charge for all patients was $1941 (95% confidence interval, $1890-$1992) with substantial injury type-specific variability. Overall, at the US population, estimated total charges of $771299862 were incurred over the 2-year period. CONCLUSION: In this nationally representative sample, most ED-treated injuries associated with football were not acutely life threatening and very few required major therapeutic intervention. This study provides a cross-sectional overview of ED presentation for acute football-related injury across age groups at the population level in recent years. Longitudinal studies may be warranted to examine associations between the patterns of injury observed in this study and long-term outcomes among American tackle football players.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Language: en
STUDY OF WAXY CRUDE OILS STRUCTURE DEPRESSION MECHANISM

Based on experimental analysis of characteristic temperatures, rheological parameters, crystallized paraffin amount and microstructure of simulative oil before and after the addition of depressant GY1, structure depression mechanism of waxy crude oil has been investigated. Results show that:① Depressant GY1 cannot prevent wax crystallizing and crystalline nucleuses forming but increases the crystallized paraffin amount. ② For simulative oil with macrocrystal waxes, depressant GY1 can obstruct the growth of paraffin crystal, reduce their size and symmetry and increase their interaction and connecting trend. As a macroscopical result, the effect of pour point depression and viscosity reduction becomes worse. ③ For simulative oil with microcrystal waxes, depressant GY1 can promote the growth of paraffin crystal, increase their size, reduce their surface binding force and depress their interaction and connecting trend. As a macroscopical result, the effect of pour point depression and viscosity reduction is obvious. ④The structure depression mechanism of waxy crude oil is the mechanism of increasing the size of paraffin particles, improving their symmetry, reducing their dispersivity, depressing their interaction and connection.
Bridging the Continuum: Lessons Learned from Creating a Competency-Based Educational Handover in Obstetrics and Gynecology

The true adoption of Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) should allow for information about individual learners to be fed forward from Undergraduate Medical Education (UME) to Graduate Medical Education (GME). An obstetrics and gynecology residency preparation elective for senior medical students was utilized to create a milestone-based educational handover that reported individual learner performance for 25 of the 28 level one milestones. The authors describe the process and the questions that arose about the implications of reporting competency-based information for learners of all levels. The authors posit that CBME will be a transformative shift only if barriers of communication can be broken down between UME and GME.
Recovery of the failing canine heart with biventricular support in a previously fatal experimental model.

Prolonged normothermic ischemia in the canine model is generally fatal with standard resuscitative techniques. To determine whether such myocardial injury is recoverable with biventricular support, we subjected 10 dogs to 45 minutes of ischemia at 37° C. After ischemia, the animals were supported for 24 hours with biventricular assist with the centrifugal pump. During early reperfusion, none of the hearts could sustain a stable rhythm or blood pressure. Myocardial adenosine triphosphate concentration, expressed as micromoles per gram of heart protein, was dramatically reduced from a control of 31.5 ± 2.4 to 14.6 ± 2.9 (p
Discussions and Policy Implications

The previous chapters analyzed the rights, safety, and identity (RSI) of refugees in the context of the MENA region. Crucial to these chapters’ investigations are issues covering refugees and refugee children in camps: their safety, their rights and protection available and accessible to them, protection gaps, and instruments of their protection. Having analyzed several regional and thematic topics related to the protection of refugees in the Middle East and North Africa, this chapter returns to a critical analysis of the theoretical approach to RSI proposed in this book. This analysis identifies common threads connecting the themes of geopolitics, refugee camps, safety and humanitarianism, protection, the refugee regime, and Arab uprisings discussed in the previous chapters. This chapter also encapsulates an assessment of refugee policies, the refugee and migration regime, protection instruments, and their effectiveness in terms of protecting refugee safety, rights, and identity. It further establishes how the suggested arguments have been addressed and objectives achieved through the empirical data included in this book. The result is a set of policy recommendations for policy makers, researchers, academics, and other decision makers within the refugee regime.
Recognition of HIV‐inactivating peptide triazoles by the recombinant soluble Env trimer, BG505 SOSIP.664

Peptide triazole (PT) antagonists interact with gp120 subunits of HIV-1 Env trimers to block host cell receptor interactions, trigger gp120 shedding, irreversibly inactivate virus and inhibit infection. Despite these enticing functions, understanding the structural mechanism of PT-Env trimer encounter has been limited. In this work, we combined competition interaction analysis and computational simulation to demonstrate PT binding to the recombinant soluble trimer, BG505 SOSIP.664, a stable variant that resembles native virus spikes in binding to CD4 receptor as well as known conformationally-dependent Env antibodies. Binding specificity and computational modeling fit with encounter through complementary PT pharmacophore Ile-triazolePro-Trp interaction with a 2-subsite cavity in the Env gp120 subunit of SOSIP trimer similar to that in monomeric gp120. These findings argue that PTs are able to recognize and bind a closed prefusion state of Env trimer upon HIV-1 encounter. The results provide a structural model of how PTs exert their function on virion trimeric spike protein and a platform to inform future antagonist design. Proteins 2017; 85:843-851. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI): A case report and review of literature

Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) is characterized by excess growth of the frontal bone. Although the exact cause of HFI is not known, it has been found to be associated with increased age, prolonged estrogen stimulation and elevated leptin. Literature shows its association with seizure, dementia, obesity, headache and endocrine abnormalities. HFI may be syndromic and non-syndromic. Timely identification of HFI can prevent unnecessary diagnostic tests. We report a case of non-syndromic HFI in an elderly female who presented with headache.
Iterative Analysis to Improve Key Properties of Critical Human-Intensive Processes: An Election Security Example

In this article, we present an approach for systematically improving complex processes, especially those involving human agents, hardware devices, and software systems. We illustrate the utility of this approach by applying it to part of an election process and show how it can improve the security and correctness of that subprocess. We use the Little-JIL process definition language to create a precise and detailed definition of the process. Given this process definition, we use two forms of automated analysis to explore whether specified key properties, such as security and safety policies, can be undermined. First, we use model checking to identify process execution sequences that fail to conform to event-sequence properties. After these are addressed, we apply fault tree analysis to identify when the misperformance of steps might allow undesirable outcomes, such as security breaches. The results of these analyses can provide assurance about the process; suggest areas for improvement; and, when applied to a modified process definition, evaluate proposed changes.
Relationship between internet self-efficacy and internet anxiety: A nuanced approach to understanding the connection

The present study makes the case that the individual constituents of internet self-efficacy – search self-efficacy, communication self-efficacy, organisation self-efficacy, differentiation self-efficacy, and reactive/generative self-efficacy – may be of differential importance in predicting internet anxiety within web-assisted learning environments. Two hundred and eighty-nine undergraduate students enrolled in a blog-centric general education course on child development at a large mid-western university in the United States participated in this study. Based on inferences drawn from the socio-cognitive perspective and cognitive load theory, it was hypothesised that in a blog-centric constructivist learning environment, reactive/generative self-efficacy or the belief in one’s ability to react meaningfully to others’ posts and generate educationally valuable posts, would emerge as a unique predictor of internet anxiety after controlling for all of the other facets of internet self-efficacy. The results of a two-step hierarchical regression indicated that both reactive/generative self-efficacy and search self-efficacy are unique predictors of internet anxiety. The findings have several implications for researchers seeking greater insight into the relationship between internet self-efficacy and internet anxiety as well as instructors seeking to create a constructivist learning environment utilising the potential of the web.
Association between initial post-concussion presentation and persistent symptoms at 1–month post-concussion

Objective To examine associations between acute post-concussion measures and 1-month persistent symptom presence among paediatric concussion patients. Design Prospective cohort. Setting Three family medicine clinics, from the same practice, in an urban/suburban area of the USA. Subjects Paediatric concussion patients (n=179); ages 8-18 years (median age=15; IQR: 13-16) presenting within three days of injury. Intervention Participants completed a systematic evaluation during their initial visit and a 4-6 week follow-up survey (80% follow-up; n=144). The initial visit variables included age, gender, previous head injury, total symptom severity, Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACTTM) composite scores, and near point convergence (NPC). Outcome measures The primary outcome was 1-month follow-up persistent symptom presence, determined using the Rivermead Postconcussion Symptoms Questionnaire. We assessed univariate relationships for each variable with persistent symptoms. Variables significant in univariable analyses (p Results Persistent symptoms were reported for 27.1% (n=39) of participants. Females were more likely to have persistent symptoms (OR=1.9; 95% CI: 0.9, 4.0; p=0.086). Initial visit total symptom severity (Z=4.2; p Conclusions Gender, acute symptom burden and post-concussion neurocognitive deficits have significant relationships with persistent symptom presence. Clinicians should be mindful of these factors when considering treatment. Competing interests The current study was funded in part by the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment. Dr. Bloom is employed at the study setting. Ms. Fonseca is employed at the study setting. Ms. Phillips is employed at the study setting.
Implicit theories of ability and self-efficacy: Testing alternative social cognitive models to science motivation.

Abstract. Our overall goal was to empirically test what we called the “growth mindset as inoculation” hypothesis using a series of latent profile analytical approaches. This inoculation hypothesis, which is consistent with the way in which Dweck and Leggett (1988) described their social cognitive approach, states that believing in the malleability of intelligence serves a protective role against negative motivational and achievement outcomes. Participants were Grade 6 students (n = 504) from a middle school and Grade 10 students (n = 354) from two high schools in the Southeastern part of the United States. Two distinct patterns emerged, which corresponded to a growth mindset profile, and an all moderate profile. Our findings did not completely confirm or disconfirm the inoculation hypothesis – rather, a more nuanced conclusion should be drawn. Although there was evidence that the growth mindset profile evinced more adaptive outcomes compared to the all moderate alternative, which reinforced Dweck and Legg...
Estimating Carbon and Nitrogen Pools in a Forest Soil: Influence of Soil Bulk Density Methods and Rock Content

Soils with high rock content are common in many US forests, and contain large amounts of stored C. Accurate measurements of soil bulk density and rock content are critical for calculating and assessing changes in both C and nutrient pool size, but bulk density sampling methods have limitations and sources of variability. Therefore, we evaluated the use of small-diameter soil cores (SD), irregular soil volume excavation (IR), and a nuclear density gauge (ND) to measure bulk density and rock content, and estimate C and N pools in three 10-cm increments to a 30-cm depth in a glacial till soil in northern Wisconsin. Total and fine bulk densities were lower when measured with SD cores than with larger soil volume IR and ND methods. No differences in C pools among bulk density sampling methods were found in the 10-cm increments, but when combined to 30 cm, the C pool estimate with IR (81.6 Mg ha–¹) was significantly higher than those of ND (75.3 Mg ha–¹) and SD (73.4 Mg ha–¹). No significant differences in N pools were detected in the 10-cm increments, but the 0- to 30-cm N pool estimates by IR (5.65 Mg ha–¹) and ND (5 Mg ha–¹) were higher than that of SD (4.22 Mg ha–¹). Surface rocks could lower soil C and N pools by 20% or more. Overall, the bulk density method had little effect on soil C and N pool estimates in the surface 20 cm of this soil but did when sampled to 30 cm soil depth.
Transition Care of Teens with Chronic Health Conditions

Transitioning from pediatric to adult healthcare can be a complicated process for adolescents and young adults (AYA) with chronic childhood-onset conditions. As children, these individuals are referred to as children or youth with “special healthcare needs” (CYSHCN). As individuals transition to adulthood, variations in terminology include “adolescents and young adults with special healthcare needs (AYASHCN),” “young adults with special healthcare needs (YASHCN),” or “emerging adults” with “chronic conditions.” Whereas family medicine and medicine-pediatrics providers are likely to be familiar with transition, this process is an emerging focus for adult primary care providers; approximately 20% of young adults have a chronic childhood-onset condition, and these numbers are rising. Primary care providers manage the overall healthcare and coordinate subspecialty services for this patient population in the context of their physical, mental, and social needs. In addressing barriers in the transition process, it is important to be aware of the perspectives of patients and families as well as the perspectives of pediatric and adult providers. Teens who transition to adult healthcare require special considerations in the first office visit as well as subsequent visits. Providers will successfully guide their young adult patients through transition by becoming familiar with unique considerations of the transition process as well as condition-specific medical knowledge.
Porcine neonatal survival and serum gamma globulins.

SUMMARY Sixty sows and gilts were randomized among three treatments according to breed and parity to determine whether removal of piglets from the dam at birth and simultaneous return would alter piglet serum gamma globulin concentration and reduce piglet mortality at 21 days of age. Neostigmine was also studied to determine whether it was effective in reducing farrowing interval. Treatments consisted of natural farrow- ing and nursing, piglet removal at birth and simultaneous return to the dam and piglet removal plus an injection of 5 mg of neostig- mine methysulfate after birth of the fifth p'iglet. Serum was collected from each piglet at approxi- mately 12 hr of age and assayed for gamma globulin by single radial immunodiffusion. Piglets that survived to 21 days of age had a higher (P .05) farrowing interval or number of stillbirths. Piglet removal did not affect (P>.05) mean litter gamma globulin concentration or number of piglets surviving to 21 days of age. (Key Words: Colostrum, Gamma Globulin, Piglet Survival, Neostigmine.)
Quick but not so Dirty ML Estimation of Spatial Autoregressive Models

Positive spatial autocorrelation is a tendency for similar values of a single variable Y to be present in nearby locations on a map; it is displayed when observations contained in data sets are locationally tagged to the earth’s surface (i.e., georeferenced data sets). The prevailing nature and degree of spatial autocorrelation may be denoted by ρ, while the self-covariation of n geographically neighboring values within a variable may be represented with the n × n matrix V−1ρ2, which is a function of ρ. This geographic dependency feature of georeferenced data is captured by the auto-Gaussian log-likelihood function: $${\rm constant - }(n/2)\ln (\sigma ^2 ) + \ln [\det (V)] - (Y - X\beta )^T V(Y - X\beta )/(2\sigma ^2 )$$ (9.1) where det(V), superscript T, and ln, respectively, denote the matrix determinant and transpose operations and the natural logarithm, Y is an nx1 vector of georeferenced values, X is an n x (p+1) matrix of p corresponding predictor variables coupled with a vector of ones, and vector β?and scalar ρ, respectively, denote the standard nonconstant mean and constant variance. The parameters of (9.1) most often are estimated using maximum likelihood (ML) techniques.
Magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE mineralization at a convergent plate boundary: Preliminary mineralogic and isotopic studies of the Duke Island Complex, Alaska

The Duke Island complex is one of more than thirty ultramafic bodies of Cretaceous age located in a belt of_∼40 km width that stretches along the 560 km length of the Alaskan panhandle. Recent drilling operations have detected the presence of large volumes of low-grade massive and disseminated sulfide mineralization hosted within an olivine clinopyroxenite body that appears to cross-cut other ultramafic rock types. Assays show a maximum of 2.08% Cu, 0.25% Ni, and 1 gram/ton combined Pt + Pd, Prior to the recent discoveries Alaskan-type ultramafic complexes were thought to be poor prospects for world-class magmatic Cu-Ni-platinum group element (PGE) sulfide deposition. One reason for this assessment relates to the fact that although PGE placers are often found in association with the ultramafic complexes, base metal sulfides have only rarely been found in the host rocks. PGE mineralization appears to be primarily associated with chromite-rich occurrences in dunitic portions of the complexes, and most of the PGEs are housed in alloys, tellurides, or antimonides. For these reasons the complexes are thought to have formed in very low fS2 environments. A second reason for not suspecting the presence of magmatic sulfides is that the linearly arranged Alaskan-type complexes are thought to have formed in compressive regimes related to subduction processes. Very few large magmatic Cu-Ni-(PGE) sulfide deposits are associated with subduction zones, although some researchers believe that komatiites (host to many Ni-sulfide deposits) may have formed in Archean to Proterozoic subduction zones. Two pre-requisites for the formation of large Cu-Ni-(PGE) deposits are: 1) a supply of readily available S from country rocks and 2) localization of immiscible sulfide liquids in magma conduit systems where they have the opportunity to exchange metals with large volumes of metal-bearing magma. An analysis of the tectonic and petrologic environments of the Duke Island complex suggests that immediate country rocks are indeed sulfide-bearing (some may include Triassic volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits), and that the complexes probably served as feeder systems for arc-related volcanic activity. Sulfur isotopic values of the mineralization at Duke Island range from-15 to 4.6‰, and are strongly suggestive of the involvement of country rock sulfur. Nickel contents of olivine (Fo77–85) are variable; grains associated with a high proportion of sulfide are Ni-depleted (to values_<100 ppm), whereas grains in sulfide-deficient zones contain up to 1000 ppm Ni. Our preliminary data suggests that the complex may represent an excellent target for the localization of Cu-Ni-(PGE) mineralization in a tectonic environment that in the past may have been overlooked in terms of sulfide potential.
Innovations in integrative healthcare education: Faculty development and the Faculty Scholars Program.

Content on integrative healthcare and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is now being taught in hundreds of educational programs across the country. Nursing, medical, osteopathic, chiropractic, acupuncture, naturopathic, and other programs are finding creative and innovative ways to include these approaches in new models of education and practice. This column spotlights such innovations in integrative healthcare and CAM education and presents readers with specific educational interventions that they can adapt into new or ongoing educational efforts at their institution or program. We invite readers to submit brief descriptions of efforts in their institutions that reflect the creativity, diversity, and interdisciplinary nature of the field. Please submit to Dr. Sierpina at vssierpi@utmb.edu or Dr. Kreitzer at kreit003@umn.edu . Submissions should be brief, no more than 300 to 400 words. Please include any Web site or other resource that is relevant as well as contact information.