cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONIC BAND STRUCTURE OF THE HEAVY METALS AND THEIR INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS

The heavy metals and their intermetallic compounds exhibit a large number of interesting but not well understood properties. This is especially true of the actinides for which little is known about their band structures with which to interpret their observed magnetic, optical and electric properties. This paper describes recent work on these heavy metals (Th through Bk) and some intermetallic compounds of the rare-earths (LaSn3 and LaIn3) and the understanding derived from band theory of the mechanisms responsible for various observed phenomena. Rela- tivistic effects are found to be indispensable for obtaining the correct band structure of the actinide metals. While the 5 f electrons in the lower actinides may be described as band (or itinerant) states, the higher actinides show a marked increase of the localization of the 5 f orbitals and the band description is no longer applicable for these states. Particular attention is paid to the various complications which are faced in determining the band structures of these systems and some of the techniques used in obtaining solutions. Among these are the (obvious) necessity of including relativistic effects, the convergence problems due to the presence of the higher angular momentum states and lowered symmetry, the large number of bands present, the uncertainty in the electronic configuration. and the role of the muffin-tin approximation.
The Cough Reflex in Animals: Relevance to Human Cough Research

All mammalian species studied cough or display some similar respiratory reflex upon aerosol challenge with tussigenic stimuli such as citric acid or capsaicin. Animals cough to the same stimuli that evoke coughing in humans, and therapeutic agents that display antitussive effects in human studies also prevent coughing in animals. The many invasive procedures and complementary in vitro studies possible in animals but not readily reproduced in human subjects, along with the proven predictive value of cough studies in animals, provide the rationale for animal modeling of human cough. The advantages and disadvantages of studying cough in animals are discussed.
Dissolution windows for hydrometallurgical purification of metallurgical-grade silicon to solar-grade silicon: Eh-pH diagrams for Fe silicides

Abstract Potential vs. pH diagrams for the systems Fe–Si–(Cl − )–(F − )–H 2 O were generated using the HSC5.0 software and applied to purification of metallurgical-grade silicon (MG-Si) by hydrometallurgical methods. The diagrams for the Fe–Si–H 2 O system show that with increasing electrochemical potential (Eh) the order of appearance of Fe silicides is FeSi 2 , FeSi, and Fe 3 Si. Further, from a thermodynamic standpoint, Si in the Fe silicides (FeSi 2 , FeSi, and Fe 3 Si) would be easier to oxidize than Fe, due to the lower potentials of the corresponding silicides, compared with Fe. The early formation of SiO 2 during dissolution may prohibit or retard further dissolution of Fe, as verified by previous experimental results. This inhibitive effect is expected to increase with increasing Si content in the silicides. The diagrams for the Fe–Si–Cl − –H 2 O system indicate that dissolution of Fe silicides with relatively low Si content, such as FeSi and Fe 3 Si, is enhanced by adding chloride ions to acidic solutions. In the presence of HF, formation of fluoro-complexes enlarges the stability domains of dissolved iron and silicon, which increase with increasing {F} and/or decreasing temperature. The trends obtained for the Fe–Si–F − –H 2 O system suggest that the dissolution of Fe silicides would be enhanced by decreasing temperature or removing FeF 2(s) (e.g., via ultrasonication) during the leaching process.
Altered collagen fiber kinematics define the onset of localized ligament damage during loading

Detecting the initiation of mechanical injury to biological tissue, and not just its ultimate failure, is critical to a sensitive and specific characterization of tissue tolerance, development of quantitative relationships between macro- and microstructural tissue responses, and appropriate interpretation of physiological responses to loading. We have developed a novel methodological approach to detect the onset and spatial location of structural damage in collagenous soft tissue, before its visible rupture, via identification of atypical regional collagen fiber kinematics during loading. Our methods utilize high-speed quantitative polarized light imaging to identify the onset of tissue damage in ligament regions where mean collagen fiber rotation significantly deviates from its behavior during noninjurious loading. This technique was validated by its ability to predict the location of visible rupture (P = 0.0009). This fiber rotation-based metric of damage identifies potential facet capsular ligament injury beginning well before rupture, at 51 +/- 12% of the displacement required to produce tissue failure. Although traditional macroscale strain metrics fail to identify the location of microstructural damage, initial injury detection determined by altered fiber rotation was significantly correlated (R = 0.757, P = 0.049) with tissue yield (defined by a decrease in stiffness), supporting the capabilities of this method. Damaged regions exhibited higher variance in fiber direction than undamaged regions (P = 0.0412).
Some Personal and Organizational Determinants Of Job Satisfaction Of Postal Clerks

The article investigates the personal and organizational variables which determine the job satisfaction of postal clerks. Age, education and home environment were found to have significant main eff...
The Poetics of Slumberland: Animated Spirits and the Animating Spirit

In this book, Scott Bukatman tackles the fascinating subject of embodied utopias of disorder, mostly within the comic art medium, but also in film and art. His primary focus is on the works of Wins...
Using real-time feedback to improve visual question answering

Technology holds great promise for improving the everyday lives of people with disabilities; however, automated systems are prone to errors and cannot handle many real-world tasks. VizWiz, a system for answering visual questions for blind users, has shown that crowdsourcing can be used for assistive technology in such domains. Our work extends the VizWiz model by enabling users to interact with the crowd via a real-time feedback loop. We introduce Legion:View, a system that enables such a real-time feedback loop for visual questions between users and crowd workers. Legion:View sends audio questions and streaming video to the crowd, and forwards feedback about the position and orientation of the camera and answers to questions back to users.
A universal computer capable of executing an arbitrary number of sub-programs simultaneously

This paper describes a universal computer capable of simultaneously executing an arbitrary number of sub-programs, the number of such sub-programs varying as a function of time under program control or as directed by input to the computer. Three features of the computer are:(1) The structure of the computer is a 2-dimensional modular (or iterative) network so that, if it were constructed, efficient use could be made of the high element density and "template" techniques now being considered in research on microminiature elements.(2) Sub-programs can be spatially organized and can act simultaneously, thus facilitating the simulation or direct control of "highly-parallel" systems with many points or parts interacting simultaneously (e.g. magneto-hydrodynamic problems or pattern recognition).(3) The computer's structure and behavior can, with simple generalizations, be formulated in a way that provides a formal basis for theoretical study of automata with changing structure (cf. the relation between Turing machines and computable numbers).
Child Weight Status and Young Adult Quality of Life: Is There a Reason for Concern?

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between child weight status and young adult quality of life. One hundred sixty-four college students participated in the study. Students completed four questionnaires that were used to assess physical and psychosocial variables. Several statistical analyses, including correlations and hierarchal regression models, were employed to test the study's hypotheses. Results from the study showed that child weight status was negatively associated with adult quality of life, and child self-concept was a mediating variable within the relationship. Recognizing the relationship between child weight status and young adult quality of life stresses the importance of addressing psychosocial concerns related to weight status during childhood in efforts to achieve a greater quality of life in adulthood.
Slab-coupled 1.3-μm semiconductor laser with single-spatial large-diameter mode

A high brightness semiconductor diode laser structure, which utilizes a slab-coupled optical waveguide region to achieve several potentially important advances in performance, is proposed and experimentally demonstrated using a simple rib waveguide in an InGaAsP-InP quantum-well structure operating at 1.3-/spl mu/m wavelength. These lasers operate in a large low-aspect-ratio lowest-order spatial mode, which can be butt coupled to a single-mode fiber with high coupling efficiency.
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii isolates recovered from persons with AIDS demonstrate a wide range of virulence during murine meningoencephalitis that correlates with the expression of certain virulence factors.

Cryptococcus neoformans is a common cause of meningoencephalitis among AIDS patients. Several C. neoformans virulence factors have been identified, but the relative importance of particular factors is unknown. This study examined the correlation of the virulence of 18 C. neoformans var. grubii isolates from AIDS patients with the expression of several well-described virulence factors. The LD50 at 15 days after intracranial inoculation of ICR mice was 20,000 for 39 %. Higher cryptococcal concentrations in brains were noted for isolates with lower LD50 (P = 0.002). In survival studies, no immunocompetent BALB/c mice (nu/-) infected with 3 x LD50 of three virulent isolates (LD50 = 62, 99, 1280) survived beyond 23 days, whereas 100 %, 90 % and 90 % of mice infected with 20,000 c.f.u. of three hypovirulent isolates (LD50 > 20,000) survived for 60 days (P < 0.0001). Even among BALB/c nude (nu/nu) mice, survival rates over 60 days were 100 %, 70 % and 50 %, respectively, for the hypovirulent isolates. Growth rate at 37 degrees C and capsule size within brains correlated with LD50 by univariate (P = 0.0001 and 0.028, respectively) and multivariate (P = 0.017 and 0.016, respectively) analyses. There was no correlation between LD50 and capsule size in vitro, phospholipase activity, melanin formation, proteinase activity and fluconazole MIC. In conclusion, AIDS patients are susceptible to infection by C. neoformans isolates of wide-ranging virulence, including isolates that are markedly hypovirulent. The virulence of a given isolate reflects a composite of factors rather than the contribution of a dominant factor. Growth at 37 degrees C and capsule size in vivo make particularly important contributions.
The Motion of Halley's Comet from 837 to 1910

Numerical experiments have been made in an attempt to remove the residuals of P/Halley and link the seven apparitions from 1456 to 1910. All efforts to link more than two apparitions using Newtonian equations have invariably failed. However, by the addition of a secular term to the equations of motion, the four apparitions from 1910 back to 1682 can be linked by a numerical integration which represents the observations to contemporary accuracy. When this integration is continued, the apparitions of 1607, 1531, and 1456 show residuals of less than one day in the time of perihelion passage. Prior to 1456 the residuals begin to run off but, with the exception of 1222 and 1066, the apparitions back to 837 show residuals no greater than four days in the time of perihelion passage. The residuals of 20 days in 1222 and 7 days in 1066 appear anomalous but can be made reasonable if the Chinese records are adopted in preference to the European records.
A refined Differential Current Protection Method in the FACTS-compensated line

This paper proposes a refined Differential Current Protection Method (DCRM) to solve problems associated with malfunction or error in relay response caused by operation of FACTS devices. The FACTS devices of interest include STATCOM, SSSC and UPFC. Analytical models and methods are presented to analyze impacts of those compensation devices on the transmission system for these devices. A variety of faults cases are studied with the proposed methods and simulation results are provided as well.
Decreased n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio reduces the invasive potential of human lung cancer cells by downregulation of cell adhesion/invasion-related genes

Recent studies have shown opposing effects of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids on the development of cancer and suggest a role for the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids in the control of cancer. However, whether an alteration in the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio of cancer cells affects their invasive potential has not been well investigated. We recently developed a genetic approach to modify the n-6/n-3 ratio by expression of the Caenorhabditis elegans fat-1 gene encoding an n-3 desaturase that converts n-6 to n-3 fatty acids in mammalian cells. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of alteration in the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio on the invasive potential of human lung cancer A549 cells. Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of the n-3 desaturase resulted in a marked reduction of the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio, particularly the ratio of arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenic acid. Cell adhesion assay showed that the cells expressing fat-1 gene had a delayed adhesion and retarded colonization. Matrigel assay for invasion potential indicated a 2-fold reduction of cell migration in the fat-1 transgenic cells when compared with the control cells. An increased apoptosis was also observed in the fat-1 transgenic cells. Microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed a downregulation of several adhesion/invasion-related genes (MMP-1, integrin-alpha2 and nm23-H4) in the fat-1 transgenic cells. These results demonstrate that a decreased n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio reduces the invasion potential of human lung cancer cells by probably downregulating the cell adhesion/invasion-related molecules, suggesting a role for the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
Interactions Between Tacrolimus and Antimicrobial Agents

Tacrolimus is being increasingly used as an immunosuppressive agent in transplant recipients. The drug is metabolized by the cytochrome P-450 3A system, thus antimicrobials that inhibit or induce these enzymes can alter levels of tacrolimus in the bloodstream. Tacrolimus is potentially nephrotoxic and neurotoxic; the likelihood of toxicity rises as blood levels of the drug increase. Increased tacrolimus levels and subsequent toxicity have been produced by a number of antimicrobial agents that inhibit the cytochrome P-450 3A system. Conversely, drugs with the potential to induce the cytochrome P-450 3A system can reduce the levels of tacrolimus in the blood, leading to increased risk of acute rejection in transplant recipients. Antimicrobial agents that can have adverse effects on renal function may add to the nephrotoxicity of tacrolimus. The potential for drug interactions should be reviewed before antimicrobial agents are prescribed to patients treated with tacrolimus.
Biconical Fiber Taper Sensors

We present several simple sensitive fiber-optics-based sensors that utilize a biconical fiber taper. A displacement sensor with 100-nm accuracy, a temperature monitor with sensitivity DeltaT~1degC, and a refractive-index sensor capable of measuring Deltan~1.42times10-5 are demonstrated using tapers made from a standard single-mode fiber
Adaptive finite element approximations on nonmatching grids for second-order elliptic problems

In this article we consider a finite element approximation for a model elliptic problem of second order on non-matching grids. This method combines the continuous finite element method with interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method. As a special case, we develop a finite element method that is continuous on the matching part of the grid and is discontinuous on the nonmatching part. A residual type a posteriori error estimate is derived. Results of numerical experiments are presented. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010
An Evaluation of Boat Basin Dredging Effects: Response of Fishes and Crabs in a New Jersey Estuary

Abstract Dredging is one of the most common human modifications of estuaries and although its effects have often been studied, there has been little effort in evaluating the effects on mobile macrofauna, such as fishes and crabs. We evaluated the response of fishes and crabs to 4 d of dredging in a small boat basin within a polyhaline marsh creek of a New Jersey estuary. We used several measures, including fish and crab species composition, abundance, and size from trap collections and movements of marked mummichogs Fundulus heteroclitus before, during, and after dredging. In general, the fauna changed little during the 4 d of dredging relative to the 1.5-month sampling period. Species composition variations that did occur may have been due to seasonal changes that are typically observed during the fall based on annual sampling at this site. The movement of tagged mummichogs was minimal, with most recaptures taking place in the boat basin. Individuals that left the boat basin moved into pools in an adjace...
On reducing the sensitivity of software reliability to variations in the operational profile

In the statistical sampling method, as in any other statistical approaches for measuring software reliability, the inputs to the program are chosen according to the estimated probability with which they occur in field use, forming the operational profile. However, in practice it is very difficult to accurately assess the operational distribution of input points. Furthermore, a variety of factors can cause the operational distribution to change during field use making the estimation even more difficult. Musa (1993) has suggested that reducing the size of the input domain simplifies the task of determining operational profiles. We present a class of techniques that reduce the dimensionality of input domains and describe their application. These techniques do not limit the functionality or change the input-output behavior of the program. An additional benefit of these techniques is the insensitivity of the reliability estimate to variations in the operational profile of variables eliminated from the input domain.
32 bit single cycle nonlinear VLSI cell for the ICA algorithm

The Independent Component Analysis (ICA) technique is amenable to a coarse-grain parallel-processing chip architecture. However, the computation of nonlinear functions is critical in this algorithm. An efficient hardware approach is presented here for the computation of such functions , some of which are compound and concatenated. All of the needed functions are regularized into a single algorithm so a new result produced on each cycle even if the function changes from one cycle to the next. The worst case arithmetic error is predicted and bounded. This enables the designer to quickly select the architectural parameters without expensive simulations, while insuring the desired accuracy. A design is presented for the 32 bit fixed point case.
Cavity radiators: an ecumenical theory.

Multiple reflection considerations give cavity emissivity as an infinite series of nested integrals. The Liouville-Neumann series solution to the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind gives the same series for integral equation formulation of the cavity problem when the walls are gray, Lambertian, and isothermal. A compact solution, derived from the series, stimulates interesting comparisons among the multiple reflection analyses of Gouffe, De Vos, Treuenfels, Kelly, and Bartell and Wolfe and the integral equation theories of Sparrow, Albers, and Eckert; Sparrow and Jonsson; Syndor; Bedford and Ma; and Chandos and Chandos.
Assistive technology for vision-impairments: anagenda for the ICTD community

In recent years, ICTD (Information Communications Technology and Development) has grown in significance as an area of engineering research that has focused on low-cost appropriate technologies for the needs of a developing world largely underserved by the dominant modes of technology design. Assistive Technologies (AT) used by people with disabilities facilitate greater equity in the social and economic public sphere. However, by and large such technologies are designed in the industrialized world, for people living in those countries. This is especially true in the case of AT for people with vision impairments -- market-prevalent technologies are both very expensive and are built to support the language and infrastructure typical in the industrialized world. While the community of researchers in the Web Accessibility space have made significant strides, the operational concerns of networks in the developing world, as well as challenges in support for new languages and contexts raises a new set of challenges for technologists in this space. We discuss the state of various technologies in the context of the developing world and propose directions in scientific and community-contributed efforts to increase the relevance and access to AT and accessibility in the developing world.
Electromyographic activity of dorsal neck muscles in squirrel monkeys during rotations in an upright or upside down posture

Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from occipitoscapularis, semispinalis, and splenius neck muscles in five alert squirrel monkeys during 0.25-Hz rotations about horizontal axes oriented...
Teaching concepts in fuzzy logic using low cost robots, PDAs, and custom software

Fuzzy logic is a topic traditionally taught in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and robotics courses. Students receive the necessary mathematical and theoretical foundation in lecture format. The final learning experience may require that students create and code their own fuzzy logic application that solves a real world problem. This can be an issue when the target is a bioengineering course that introduces classical control theory, fuzzy logic, neural networks, genetic algorithms and genetic programming through the use of a low cost robot, personal digital assistant (PDA) handheld computer, and custom PDA software. In this course, the concepts and theories discussed in lecture are reinforced and extended in a corresponding laboratory through the use of wireless robots and PDAs. Fuzzy logic libraries and software modules for laptops and desktop computers are readily available, however, when it comes to handheld computers no such libraries exist. Students are able to spend more time experimenting with different fuzzy logic controllers when a custom fuzzy logic library and PDA graphical user interface are utilized. In this paper we introduce and discuss a unique low cost wireless robot, a custom fuzzy logic library, a custom fuzzy logic GUI for the PDA, and the implementation results for the fuzzy logic section in a newly created bioengineering course. Diagnostic and summative assessment in the form of a pre-test and post-test was administered for each section of the course, however, only the results for the fuzzy logic section will be provided.
The role of catalyst activation on the activity and attrition of precipitated iron Fischer-Tropsch catalysts

The results of this work indicate that magnetite is not catalytically active for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) in precipitated, unsupported iron catalysts, but the formation of the carbide phase is necessary to obtain FTS activity. The transformation of magnetite to carbide, though essential to obtain FTS activity, also causes the catalyst to break down. This can lead to severe problems during operation in a commercial slurry phase reactor. The results presented here imply that activation and attrition are simultaneous and complementary processes. In another study, we show that the catalyst can also under go attrition on a micron scale which is caused by lack of strength of the forces binding the catalyst primary particles in the agglomerates. Both these processes can make wax separation and product recovery extremely difficult. In this study, we have also shown that H{sub 2} reduction of this catalyst to metallic iron is detrimental to subsequent catalyst activity and causes a loss of surface area due to sintering of the iron crystallites. Reduction to metallic Fe also causes impurities such as S to segregate to the surface causing a complete loss of FTS activity. It has been shown that even submonolayer amounts of S can cause amore » dramatic decrease in FTS activity, hence reduction to metallic Fe should be avoided during activation of these catalysts. We have shown, however, that a mild H{sub 2} reduction to magnetite does not lead to S segregation to the surface, and is therefore acceptable.« less
Role Modeling in Mathematics: The Case of Leonard Eugene Dickson (1874–1954)

Abstract The processes of mentoring and role modeling—what they are, how they are done, how effective they are—represent a key component in the maintenance and sustenance of academic disciplines. In particular, the members of the early American mathematical community passed on the intangibles of their trade through self-conscious role modeling and, at times, mentoring. The education and career of one of the most eminent participants in this group, Leonard Eugene Dickson (1874–1954), provides a case study for the analysis of this aspect of learning. Les processus gouvernant les actions de «mentor»et de «modele» representent un aspect clef du maintien et de la vitalite des disciplines academiques. En particulier, les membres du communaute mathematique des Etats-Unis a la fin du 19eme siecle ont transmis un sens fort des intangibles de la discipline en jouant tres sciemment le role de «modele» par rapport a leurs etudiants. L'education et la carriere de Leonard Eugene Dickson (1874–1954), un des plus eminents membres de la seconde generation de mathematiciens americains, nous donne un point de depart pour une analyse de cet aspect sociologique de la formation de la discipline mathematique. Die Prozesse des Mentor- und Vorbildseins—was sie sind, wie sie ausgefuhrt werden, wie wirksam sie sind—spielen eine wichtige Rolle im Aufrechterhalten der akademischen Wissenschaften. Die Mitglieder der fruhen amerikanischen mathematischen Gemeinschaft haben insbesondere das Ungreifbare des Fachgebietes durch gezielte Beratung und ihr Vorbild ubertragen. Die Ausbildung und die Laufbahn von einem der hervorragendsten Mitglieder dieser Gruppe, Leonard Eugene Dickson (1874–1954), stellt eine Einzelfallstudie fur die Analyse dieser Aspekte des Lernens dar.
DIVERGENT SELECTION DRIVES THE ADAPTIVE RADIATION OF CROSSBILLS

Knowledge of how phenotype influences fitness is necessary if we are to understand the basis of natural selection and how natural selection contributes to adaptive radiations. Here I quantify selection on a wild population of red crossbills (Loxia curvirostra complex) in the South Hills, Idaho. Bill depth is the target of selection and selection on bill depth is stabilizing. I then show how fitness is related to both bill depth and performance. I use these and previously published relationships to estimate a fitness surface for five species of red crossbills that are part of an ongoing adaptive radiation in western North America. The fitness surface for crossbills has distinct peaks and valleys, with each crossbill species residing on or very near the summits. This work strongly supports a key tenet of the ecological theory of adaptive radiations; namely, divergent selection for utilizing alternative resources is the ultimate cause of adaptive radiations.
Relationship of diminished interjoint coordination after stroke to hand path consistency

Differences between 12 left-brain (LCVA, 65.4 ± 11.7 years old) and 10 right-brain (RCVA, 61 ± 12.1 years old) chronic stroke survivors and 10 age-matched control adults in coordinating specific joint motions of the arm to stabilize hand path when reaching to a central target were investigated in this study. The importance of coordinating joints to stabilize hand path was tested by comparing results from uncontrolled manifold (UCM) analysis performed on experimental data versus simulated data where the covariation (coordination) between particular joint motions was removed from the original data set. UCM analysis allowed estimation of the joint configuration variance magnitude that led to hand path variability (V ORT), where the extent of increase in V ORT after removing a joint's covariation indicated how well coordinated its motion actually was with those of the other joints. The more strongly coordinated a joint was with other joints, the greater effect removal of its covariance should have on indices of hand path stability. For the paretic arm of stroke survivors, simulated removal of a joint's covariation, mainly that of shoulder with elbow and wrist, led to less change in the magnitude of V ORT compared to the same arm of control subjects. These findings confirm a reduced ability of the motion of proximal joint from paretic arm to combine flexibly with motions of the distal joints to stabilize hand path.
Reconfiguring the Akedah and Recasting God: Lament and Divine Abandonment in Mark

In 1975, Nils A. Dahl identified God as the "neglected factor" in NT theology and encouraged scholars to pay more attention to the treatment of God in NT texts.1 Markan scholarship seems to confirm Dahl s critique; scholars of the Second Gospel evince minimal interest in Mark's understanding of God.2 As a way of redressing this lacuna, I propose that Jesus' cry of dereliction (Mark 15:34) is a helpful starting point for illuminating Mark's depiction of God.
Slow and steady wins the race: a bacterial exploitative competition strategy in fluctuating environments.

One promising frontier for synthetic biology is the development of synthetic ecologies, whereby interacting species form an additional layer of connectivity for engineered gene circuits. Toward this goal, an important step is to understand different types of bacterial interactions in natural settings, among which competition is the most prevalent. By constructing a two-species population dynamics model, here, we mimicked bacterial growth in nature with resource-limited fluctuating environments and searched for optimal strategies for bacterial exploitative competition. In a simple game with two strategy options (constant or susceptible growth), we found that the species playing the constant growth strategy always outplays or is evenly matched with its competitor, suggesting that constant growth is a “no-loss” good bet. We also showed that adoption of sophisticated strategies enables a species to maximize its fitness when its competitor grows susceptibly. The pursuit of fitness maximization is, however, ass...
Computational Aspects of Magneto-Fluid-Dynamics Formulations

*† There are two formulations available for modeling magnetofluiddynamics (MFD) flow fields. (1) The classical full MFD (FMFD) equations and (2) low magnetic Reynolds number approximation. In addition, a third formulation–decomposed MFD (DMFD) equations, based on decomposition of total magnetic field for solving full MFD equations has also been proposed and validated in the available literature. In this work, computational performance of the existing MFD formulations has been investigated. The governing equations are transformed to a generalized computational domain and discretized using a finite difference technique. Time-explicit multistage Runge-Kutta scheme augmented with total variation diminishing (TVD) limiters for time integration is implemented. Time-dependent flow field over a flat plate with imposed magnetic field has been considered for investigating the performance of each MFD formulation. It has been found that the performance of DMFD equations is increased compared to FMFD equations when strong magnetic field is applied. Furthermore, it is shown that the low magnetic Reynolds number approach requires minimum amount of time to provide the solution and remains valid only for small values of magnetic Reynolds numbers.
EFFECT OF ANNOUNCEMENTS OF WITHDRAWAL FROM SOUTH AFRICA ON STOCKHOLDER WEALTH

In this study, we analyzed investor reaction to corporate announcements of withdrawal from South Africa to determine whether such announcements increased or reduced firms' market value. We also exa...
C-V and Capacitance Transient Analysis of Self-Implanted Amorphous Si Layers Regrown by Swept-Line Electron Beam (Sled) Annealing†

It is demonstrated that swept-line electron beam (SLEB) annealing can be successfully employed to recrystallize relatively deep (∼0.5 μm) Si-implanted amorphous silicon layers. DLTS and C-V analysis of these layers show significant reductions in concentration of residual defects and magnitude of dopant redistribution effects. For comparison, similar data for furnace annealed material is also presented.
Ligation of mouse submandibular glands and its effect on components of nerve growth factor.

SummaryLigation of submandibular salivary ducts causes a loss of production of nerve growth factor. The change is proportional to loss of the polypeptide cofactor “C” rather than to the diminution of the protein “A,” which is continually synthesized. The continued production of “A” in the ligated gland suggests an endocrine function for subman-dibular glands.
Characterization of an Antigen From the Myelogenous Leukemia Cell Line K-562

A protein was solubilized from the myelogenous leukemia cell line K-562 WITh 3 M KCl that specifically inhibited the antibody-dependent, complement-mediated cytolysis of 51Cr-labeled K-562 cells by a monkey antiserum to K-562. When the crude 3 M KCl extract uas fractionated with ammonium sulfate, an eightfold increase in specific activity (U inhibition/mg protein) resulted. This purified fraction migrated as a single protein band after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PGE) with no detectable carbohydrate or lipid. The molecular weight of the denatured protein determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-PGE was 77,000, similar to that of the native protein (80,000) determined by Sephadex exclusion chromatography. The protein was stable at pH 6-8, with an apparent isoelectric point between pH 5 and 6. In addition to being irreversibly denatured at pH 5 or less, it was unstable at osmolarities below 0.25 M (NaCl). It was denatured at temperatures of 56 degrees C or above. Normal human peripheral blood leukocytes were extracted similarly with 3 M KCl and fractionated with ammonium sulfate. Neither the crude preparation nor any fraction purified as described for the specific antigen inhibited the cytolytic assay, which indicated at least a quantitative lack of the protein on the surfaces of normal leukocytes.
Design of Three-layer Data-mining Model Based on Multi-Agent

There were some deficiencies,such as low-efficiency and non-intelligence in traditional data mining model.This paper designs a three-layer data mining model based on multi-agent,and discusses the communication and the running process of the model.The model makes up limitation and deficiencies;moreover,it manages different roles according to different layers,which,to a great extent,improves the capabilities of intelligence and efficiency of data mining and reduces the participation by people.
Thiocyanate-Ligated Heterobimetallic {PtM} Lantern Complexes Including a Ferromagnetically Coupled 1D Coordination Polymer

A series of heterobimetallic lantern complexes with the central unit {PtM(SAc)4(NCS)} have been prepared and thoroughly characterized. The {Na(15C5)}[PtM(SAc)4(NCS)] series, 1 (Co), 2 (Ni), 3 (Zn), are discrete compounds in the solid state, whereas the {Na(12C4)2)}[PtM(SAc)4(NCS)] series, 4 (Co), 5 (Ni), 6 (Zn), and 7 (Mn), are ion-separated species. Compound 7 is the first {PtMn} lantern of any bridging ligand (carboxylate, amide, etc.). Monomeric 1–7 have M2+, necessitating counter cations that have been prepared as {(15C5)Na}+ and {(12C4)2Na}+ variants, none of which form extended structures. In contrast, neutral [PtCr(tba)4(NCS)]∞ 8 forms a coordination polymer of {PtCr}+ units linked by (NCS)− in a zigzag chain. All eight compounds have been thoroughly characterized and analyzed in comparison to a previously reported family of compounds. Crystal structures are presented for compounds 1–6 and 8, and solution magnetic susceptibility measurements are presented for compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, and 7. Further st...
The contribution of marine aggregate‐associated bacteria to the accumulation of pathogenic bacteria in oysters: an agent‐based model

Bivalves process large volumes of water, leading to their accumulation of bacteria, including potential human pathogens (e.g., vibrios). These bacteria are captured at low efficiencies when freely suspended in the water column, but they also attach to marine aggregates, which are captured with near 100% efficiency. For this reason, and because they are often enriched with heterotrophic bacteria, marine aggregates have been hypothesized to function as important transporters of bacteria into bivalves. The relative contribution of aggregates and unattached bacteria to the accumulation of these cells, however, is unknown. We developed an agent-based model to simulate accumulation of vibrio-type bacteria in oysters. Simulations were conducted over a realistic range of concentrations of bacteria and aggregates and incorporated the dependence of pseudofeces production on particulate matter. The model shows that the contribution of aggregate-attached bacteria depends strongly on the unattached bacteria, which form the colonization pool for aggregates and are directly captured by the simulated oysters. The concentration of aggregates is also important, but its effect depends on the concentration of unattached bacteria. At high bacterial concentrations, aggregates contribute the majority of bacteria in the oysters. At low concentrations of unattached bacteria, aggregates have a neutral or even a slightly negative effect on bacterial accumulation. These results provide the first evidence suggesting that the concentration of aggregates could influence uptake of pathogenic bacteria in bivalves and show that the tendency of a bacterial species to remain attached to aggregates is a key factor for understanding species-specific accumulation.
4 Recollement: The Theory of an Idempotent

In this chapter we provide an account of the theory connecting the category of modules of a finite dimensional algebra A with the module categories of the algebras eAe and A∕AeA, for an idempotent e ∈ A, known as recollement [BBD82, CPS88, CPS96]. We first learned of this subject from the monograph of Green [Gre80, Chapter 6]. A presentation much closer in spirit to ours is that of Kuhn [Kuh94b]. In the next chapter, we shall apply this theory to construct the irreducible representations of a finite monoid and in a later chapter we shall extend the results to finite categories.
Assessment of musculoskeletal impairment in head and neck cancer patients

This study aims to describe the types of musculoskeletal impairment in head and neck cancer survivors and to evaluate objective and subjective measures of musculoskeletal impairment and identify areas of need in future studies. This is a cross-sectional pilot study of 29 head and neck cancer patients who were treated with resection and reconstruction. Subjective measures of musculoskeletal impairment (Neck Disability Index, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey, General Symptom Survey) were collected and compared to objective measures (Cervical Range of Motion Device, Inter-incisal Distance). Digital photography was used to assess the severity of postural abnormalities. Findings were summarized using descriptive statistical and graphical methods. The majority of patients in this cohort suffered from neck disability (69%). Thirty-five percent of patients had shoulder pain and disability. Cervical range of motion deficits were observed in all directions. Inter-incisal distance averaged 33.4 mm and inversely correlated with self-reported jaw and trismus symptoms. Digital photography identified shoulder misalignment in 93% of subjects, head tilt in 89% of subjects, and postural deviation in 68% of subjects. Musculoskeletal impairment is a significant side effect in head and neck cancer survivors that results in chronic neck pain, shoulder disability, trismus, and postural deficits. Tools to describe postural deficits are needed.
RISK OF CATASTROPHIC OUTCOME FOLLOWING CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION FOR PULMONARY HYPERTENSION: AN ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM THE IMPACT REGISTRY

Background: Cardiac catheterization is the gold standard test for hemodynamic assessment of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). The risk of this procedure in children with PH is uncertain. PH registries report mortality risks of 0-0.06%, while an estimate of the risk of catastrophic adverse
Loss of Epistemic Self-Determination in the Anthropocene

One serious harm facing communities in the Anthropocene is epistemic loss. This is increasingly recognized as a harm in international policy discourses around adaptation to climate change. Epistemi...
A hybrid method for fast detection of spatial disease clusters in irregular shapes

Detection of spatial disease clusters in irregular shapes has generated considerable interest among public health researchers and policymakers. The existing methods have varying issues such as enormous computing workloads, peculiar cluster shapes, and high subjectivity of parameters. To support fast detection of irregularly shaped clusters, we are proposing a hybrid method combining Tango’s restricted likelihood ratio as the test statistic and Assuncao et al.’s dynamic Minimum Spanning Tree method as the search strategy. We discuss the advantages and the implementation of the hybrid method, and systematically compare its performance with other three well-known scan-based cluster detection methods, including Tango’s method, Assuncao et al.’s method, and Kulldorff’s circular spatial scan statistic method. Using simulated data of six cluster models combining two disease incidence levels and three true cluster shapes, the performance of the methods is evaluated in terms of statistical power, geographic accuracy, and computational intensity. The experimental results indicate that our hybrid method with 0.2 as the screening level value has the third highest average statistical power and the best average geographic accuracy among the four methods with all of the tested parameters. The four methods are then applied to the county-level lung cancer incidence data of Georgia from 1998 to 2005, and all find a significant cluster in northwestern Georgia but varying in shape and size.
TSC-22 is a potential pro-apoptotic prostate tumor suppressor gene regulated by androgen and IGF-IR signaling in prostate epithelium

4126 In androgen-independent (AI) prostate cancer the androgen receptor (AR) remains in a nuclear location and signaling through the AR persists in spite of low to non-detectable androgen levels. Signaling through the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) has been shown to alter androgen receptor function in the prostate (ref). Treatment of the AI human prostate cancer xenograft , LuCap35v, in castrate SCID mice with the human IGF-IR antibody (A12) results in decreased tumor growth by cell cycle arrest while treatment of LuCaP 35v with A12 in intact animals results in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, suggesting androgen signaling in association with IGF-IR inhibition results in expression of androgen induced apoptotic factors. In order to determine factors responsible for the apoptosis we performed cDNA microarrays on RNA from LuCap35 tumors from castrate and intact hosts and compared gene expression from cell arrest only to apoptotic tumors. Of the known androgen responsive genes associated with apoptosis that were up-regulated in A12 induced apoptotic tumors compared to A12 induced cell cycle arrested tumors, transforming growth factor-β induced clone-22 (TSC-22), was a potential candidate. Differential expression of TSC-22 protein was confirmed by Western blot. TSC-22 is not expressed in LnCaP or M12 human prostate cancer cell lines. To further determine if TSC-22 could account for the apoptotic effects of A12, we transiently expressed TSC-22 in M12 cells, this resulted in a significant decrease in proliferation, p
Investigating structural and perfusion deficits due to repeated head trauma in active professional fighters.

Abstract Repeated head trauma experienced by active professional fighters results in various structural, functional and perfusion damage. However, whether there are common regions of structural and perfusion damage due to fighting and whether these structural and perfusion differences are associated with neuropsychological measurements in active professional fighters is still unknown. To that end, T1-weighted and pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling MRI on a group of healthy controls and active professional fighters were acquired. Voxelwise group comparisons, in a univariate and multivariate sense, were performed to investigate differences in gray and white matter density (GMD, WMD) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) between the two groups. A significantly positive association between global GMD and WMD was obtained with psychomotor speed and reaction time, respectively, in our cohort of active professional fighters. In addition, regional WMD deficit was observed in a cluster encompassing bilateral pons, hippocampus, and thalamus in fighters (0.49 ± 0.04 arbitrary units (a.u.)) as compared to controls (0.51 ± 0.05a.u.). WMD in the cluster of active fighters was also significantly associated with reaction time. Significantly lower CBF was observed in right inferior temporal lobe with both partial volume corrected (46.9 ± 14.93 ml/100 g/min) and non-partial volume corrected CBF maps (25.91 ± 7.99 ml/100 g/min) in professional fighters, as compared to controls (65.45 ± 22.24 ml/100 g/min and 35.22 ± 12.18 ml/100 g/min respectively). A paradoxical increase in CBF accompanying right cerebellum and fusiform gyrus in the active professional fighters (29.52 ± 13.03 ml/100 g/min) as compared to controls (19.43 ± 12.56 ml/100 g/min) was observed with non-partial volume corrected CBF maps. Multivariate analysis with both structural and perfusion measurements found the same clusters as univariate analysis in addition to a cluster in right precuneus. Both partial volume corrected and non-partial volume corrected CBF of the cluster in the thalamus had a significantly positive association with the number of fights. In addition, GMD of the cluster in right precuneus was significantly associated with psychomotor speed in our cohort of active professional fighters. Our results suggest a heterogeneous pattern of structural and CBF deficits due to repeated head trauma in active professional fighters. This finding indicates that investigating both structural and CBF changes in the same set of participants may help to understand the pathophysiology and progression of cognitive decline due to repeated head trauma.