cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Supported Pt Nanoparticles with a Hybrid Sutton–Chen Potential

Understanding the physical and chemical behavior of supported nanoscale catalysts is of fundamental and technological importance. However, their behavior remains poorly understood, in part due to their complex, dynamical structure and the nature of interactions at the nanoscale. We found previously that real-time ab initio finite temperature DFT simulations provide fundamental insights into the dynamic and electronic structure of nanoparticles. Unfortunately, such first-principles calculations are very computationally intensive. To make such simulations more feasible, we have developed a hybrid version of the classical Sutton–Chen model potential which is orders of magnitude more efficient. This potential is parametrized to previous DFT/MD simulations and accounts for many-body effects induced by the support. The model is applied to Pt10,20 nanoparticles supported on a model γ-Al2O3 surface. In addition to the thermal variation of the internal structure, the model also predicts diffusion coefficients and ...
Disruptions in neural connectivity associated with reduced susceptibility to a depth inversion illusion in youth at ultra high risk for psychosis

Patients with psychosis exhibit a reduced susceptibility to depth inversion illusions (DII) in which a physically concave surface is perceived as convex (e.g., the hollow mask illusion). Here, we examined the extent to which lessened susceptibility to DII characterized youth at ultra high risk (UHR) for psychosis. In this study, 44 UHR participants and 29 healthy controls judged the apparent convexity of face-like human masks, two of which were concave and the other convex. One of the concave masks was painted with realistic texture to enhance the illusion; the other was shown without such texture. Networks involved with top-down and bottom-up processing were evaluated with resting state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI). We examined regions associated with the fronto-parietal network and the visual system and their relations with susceptibility to DII. Consistent with prior studies, the UHR group was less susceptible to DII (i.e., they were characterized by more veridical perception of the stimuli) than the healthy control group. Veridical responses were related to weaker connectivity within the fronto-parietal network, and this relationship was stronger in the UHR group, suggesting possible abnormalities of top-down modulation of sensory signals. This could serve as a vulnerability marker and a further clue to the pathogenesis of psychosis.
Effect of ion charges on the electric double layer capacitance of activated carbon in aqueous electrolyte systems

Abstract Carbon based electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) are known for high power density, but their energy density is limited due to surface characteristics of the electrode materials as well as the size and charge of the ions used in the electrolyte. Therefore, considering the current demand for enhanced energy density devices, we investigated the use of multivalent electrolytes to increase the capacitance of activated carbon (AC) based EDLCs. As part of these studies, we examined the effect of the charge of the multivalent ions on the capacitive behavior of microporous AC electrodes and compared with the univalent Li + system. We performed impedance and cyclic voltammetry measurements on AC electrodes in a symmetric two electrode configuration to determine the impedance and capacitance with respect to varying charge and concentration of the ions in the aqueous nitrate electrolytes. These studies clearly demonstrated an increased capacitance with Mg 2+ and Al 3+ implying the possible effects of ion mobility and electrolyte conductivity in addition to the multivalent charge. These preliminary observations clearly point to the importance of selection of electrolyte ions with more charge, conductivity, and suitable size with respect to the pore size of the electrodes in order to increase the capacitance of EDLCs.
Signal and binding. II. Converting physico-chemical responses to macromolecule–ligand interactions into thermodynamic binding isotherms

Physico-chemical titration techniques are the most commonly used methods in characterizing molecular interactions. These methods are mainly based on spectroscopic, calorimetric, hydrodynamic, etc., measurements. However, truly quantitative physico-chemical methods are absolutely based on the determination of the relationship between the measured signal and the total average degree of binding in order to obtain meaningful interaction parameters. The relationship between the observed physico-chemical signal of whatever nature and the degree of binding must be determined and not assumed, based on some ad hoc intuitive relationship/model, leading to determination of the true binding isotherm. The quantitative methods reviewed and discussed here allow an experimenter to rigorously determine the degree of binding and the free ligand concentration, i.e., they lead to the construction of the thermodynamic binding isotherm in a model-independent fashion from physico-chemical titration curves.
Assessing the Efficacy of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) for Drug Delivery Applications Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations

All-atom molecular dynamic simulations (AA-MD) are performed for aqueous solutions of hydrophobic drug molecules (phenytoin) with model polymer excipients, namely, (1) N-isopropylacrylamide, (pNIPAAm), (2) pNIPAAm-co-acrylamide (Am), and (3) pNIPAAm-co-dimethylacrylamide (DMA). After validating the force field parameters using the well-known lower critical solution behavior of pNIPAAm, we simulate the polymer–drug complex in water and its behavior at temperatures below (295 K) and above the LCST (310 K). Using radial distribution functions, we find that there is an optimum comonomer molar fraction of around 20–30% DMA at which interaction with phenytoin drug molecules is strongest, consistent with recent experimental findings. The results provide evidence that molecular simulations are able to provide guidance in the optimization of novel polymer excipients for drug release.
Context-Dependent Genetic Regulation

Cells process extra-cellular signals with multiple layers of complex biological networks. Due to the stochastic nature of the networks, the signals become significantly noisy within the cells and in addition, due to the nonlinear nature of the networks, the signals become distorted, shifted, and (de-)amplified. Such nonlinear signal processing can lead to non-trivial cellular phenotypes such as cell cycles, differentiation, cell-to-cell communication, and homeostasis. These nonlinear phenotypes, when observed at the cell population levels, can be quite different from the single-cell level observation. As one of the underlying mechanisms behind this difference, we report the interplay between nonlinearity and stochasticity in genetic regulation. Here we show that nonlinear genetic regulation, characterized at the cellular population level, can be affected by cell-to-cell variability in the regulatory factor concentrations. The observed genetic regulation at the cell population is shown to be significantly dependent on the upstream DNA sequences of the regulator, in particular, 5′ untranslated region. This indicates that genetic regulation observed at the cell population level can be significantly dependent on its genetic context, and that its characterization needs a careful attention on noise propagation.
Pediatric Intestinal Failure.

Once virtually uniformly fatal, pediatric intestinal failure is now considered a complex but survivable syndrome that afflicts tens of thousands of children. This article reviews the approach to children with intestinal failure.
Heat wave probability in the changing climate of the Southwest US

Analyses of observed non-Gaussian daily minimum and maximum temperature probability distribution functions (PDFs) in the Southwest US highlight the importance of variance and warm tail length in determining future heat wave probability. Even if no PDF shape change occurs with climate change, locations with shorter warm tails and/or smaller variance will see a greater increase in heat wave probability, defined as exceedances above the historical 95th percentile threshold, than will long tailed/larger variance distributions. Projections from ten downscaled CMIP5 models show important geospatial differences in the amount of warming expected for a location. However, changes in heat wave probability do not directly follow changes in background warming. Projected changes in heat wave probability are largely explained by a rigid shift of the daily temperature distribution. In some locations where there is more warming, future heat wave probability is buffered somewhat by longer warm tails. In other parts of the Southwest where there is less warming, heat wave probability is relatively enhanced because of shorter tailed PDFs. Effects of PDF shape changes are generally small by comparison to those from a rigid shift, and fall within the range of uncertainty among models in the amount of warming expected by the end of the century.
Endorsement of Social and Personal Values Predicts the Desirability of Men and Women as Long-Term Partners.

A prospective romantic partner’s desirability as a long-term partner may be affected by the values that he or she endorses. However, few studies have examined the effects of “values” on a person’s ...
The Implicit Morality of the Market and Joseph Heath’s Market Failures Approach to Business Ethics

Joseph Heath defends competitive markets and conceptualizes business ethics with reference to Pareto efficiency, which he takes to be the “implicit morality of the market.” His justification for markets is that they generate Pareto efficient outcomes, meaning that markets optimally satisfy consumer preferences. And, for Heath, business ethics is the set of normative constraints—regulation and beyond-compliance norms—needed to preserve that outcome. The present paper accepts Heath’s claim that the economic justification for markets is ethical, in that satisfying consumer preferences is a good. But, contra Heath, the ethical consideration at work is a consequentialist one; and acknowledging this consequentialism exposes limitations of Heath’s “market failures” approach to business ethics. We suggest two limitations, and we expect many will accept our argument that Heath’s conception of business ethics is too narrow. The present paper outlines two broader implications. First, acknowledging that the justification for markets is ethical eliminates the apparent—and false—conflict between purportedly amoral economic activity on one hand and ethical considerations on the other; instead, business ethics is a matter of weighing the consequentialist ethical benefit of economic activity and markets against other moral arguments/other ethical considerations. Second, Heath restricts business ethics to the constraints needed to protect the market’s ability to efficiently satisfy consumer preferences, constraints he calls “efficiency imperatives”; this restriction (inadvertently, perhaps) supports the widespread tendency to think that all social problems are economic; and, a business ethics so-conceived diminishes the perceived importance of noneconomic values—this attitude is dangerous.
Text Classification: Basic Models

In classification, the corpus is partitioned into classes that are typically defined by application-specific criteria. Therefore, training examples are provided that associate data points with labels indicating their class membership. For example, the training examples extracted from a news portal on political matters might attach one of three labels associated with each of the documents, such as “senate,” “congress,” and “legislation.
Can ultrasound reliably identify complicated appendicitis in children

Abstract Background The ability of ultrasound to identify specific features relevant to nonoperative management of pediatric appendicitis, such as the presence of complicated appendicitis (CA) or an appendicolith, is unknown. Our objective was to determine the reliability of ultrasound in identifying these features. Methods We performed a retrospective study of children who underwent appendectomy after an ultrasound at four children's hospitals. Imaging, operative, and pathology reports were reviewed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of ultrasound for identifying CA based on pathology and intraoperative findings and an appendicolith based on pathology were calculated. CA was defined as a perforation of the appendix. Equivocal ultrasounds were considered as not indicating CA. Results Of 1027 patients, 77.5% had simple appendicitis, 16.2% had CA, 5.4% had no evidence of appendicitis, and 15.6% had an appendicolith. Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound for detecting CA based on pathology were 42.2% and 90.4%; the PPV and NPV were 45.8% and 89.0%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound for detecting CA based on intraoperative findings were 37.3% and 92.7%; the PPV and NPV were 63.4% and 81.4%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound for detecting an appendicolith based on pathology were 58.1% and 78.3%; the PPV and NPV were 33.1% and 91.0%, respectively. Results were similar when equivocal ultrasound and negative appendectomies were excluded. Conclusions The high specificity and NPV suggest that ultrasound is a reliable test to exclude CA and an appendicolith in patients being considered for nonoperative management of simple appendicitis.
Viewing a world of disaster through the eyes of faith: The influence of religious worldviews on community adaptation in the context of disaster-related vulnerability in Indonesia

Natural disasters pose a ubiquitous threat to communities around the world. Communities perceive, understand, anticipate, and make meaning of disaster risks through the lens of their worldview. In many regions of the world, religious beliefs and practices contribute to the shaping of worldview, hence affecting the attitudes, decisions, and behaviors of a particular community. This study examines the impact of religiously-derived worldviews on community response and adaptation in the disaster-prone nation of Indonesia. Using data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey Fourth Wave, this study confirms that the “religiousness” of a worldview makes a difference in community-level action. The average religiosity of individuals in a community impacts the likelihood that tangible measures will be taken by the community to reduce their vulnerability to future disasters. In a community with more religious individuals, the likelihood that adaptive measures will be taken is lower, potentially due to fatalistic attitudes and beliefs regarding the locus of control over disasters and their impacts. The degree of participation in community religious activities does not appear to impact the likelihood of adaptive measures being undertaken by the community. Religiosity exhibits less influence on adaptation than other factors, such as the number of disasters a community has experienced, the occurrence of briefings about disaster preparedness, and the urban-rural location of the community. A “disaster awareness culture,” including tangible actions for anticipatory adaptation, is more likely to arise in communities that have experienced disasters and been briefed regarding disaster preparedness. Furthermore, urban communities are more likely than rural communities to take action to prepare for future disasters.
Outline of Functional Analysis

Problems in PDE have provided a major impetus for the development of functional analysis. Here, we present some basic results, which are useful for the development of such subjects as distribution theory and Sobolev spaces, discussed in Chaps. 3 and 4; the spectral theory of compact and of unbounded operators, applied to elliptic PDE in Chap. 5; the theory of Fredholm operators and their indices, needed for the study of the Atiyah–Singer index theorem in Chap. 10; and the theory of semigroups, of particular value in Chap. 9 on scattering theory, and also germane to studies of evolution equations in Chaps. 3 and 6. Indeed, what is thought of as the subject of functional analysis naturally encompasses some of the development of these chapters as well as the material presented in this appendix. One particular case of this is the spectral theory of Chap. 8. In fact, it is there that we present a proof of the spectral theorem for general self-adjoint operators. One reason for choosing to do it this way is that my favorite approach to the spectral theorem uses Fourier analysis, which is not applied in this appendix, though some of the exercises make contact with it. Thus in this appendix the spectral theorem is proved only for compact operators, an extremely simple special case. On the other hand, it is hoped that by the time one gets through the Fourier analysis as developed in Chap. 3, the presentation of the general spectral theorem in Chap. 8 will appear to be very simple too.
Deep Neural Networks for Low-resolution Photon-limited Imaging

In this paper, we implement deep learning methods to recover downsampled noisy signals often present in compressed sensing applications. As an alternative to relying on previously established optimization based algorithms, we implement stacked denoising autoencoders and convolutional neural networks to perform signal reconstructions. Moreover, we propose a Poisson autoencoder inverting network (PAIN) architecture to reconstruct compressed signals imposed with Poisson noise. We observe less computational costs associated with this method while improving on reconstructions from a traditional stacked denoising autoencoder and remaining competitive with a more complex architecture in terms of Mean Squared Error (MSE). We train all proposed architectures on the MNIST dataset and establish deep neural networks as a reconstruction method.
Improving the Accuracy of Newborn Weight Classification

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this project was to improve the accuracy of newborn weight classification using a regional newborn growth reference (Olsen), an evidence-based method, to determine SGA, AGA and LGA in term infants compared to the current growth reference (Lubchenco). Design Quality improvement methods using Lewin's Change Theory guided the process. Setting/local problem At an academic medical center term infants were evaluated for weight-for-gestational age using the Lubchenco growth reference as well as other growth references based on provider preference. Patients All term newborns (N = 314) admitted to the newborn nursery during one month following a 3-months implementation of the practice change. Intervention/measurements Newborn nursery nursing staff and provider staff were provided education and training on using and interpreting the new growth reference. Results Use of the Olsen regional growth reference identified more infants as small and fewer infants as large for gestational age. Post hoc analysis with a more global growth reference (Fenton) also identified more infants as small and fewer infants as large for gestational age. There was no statistically significant difference between the Olsen or Fenton growth references. Conclusion Use of either of these two updated growth references more accurately classifies infant weight for gestational age compared to the Lubchenco growth reference, potentially decreasing newborn health risks such as hypoglycemia.
Influence of metal nuclearity and physicochemical properties of ceria on the oxidation of carbon monoxide

Abstract The redox properties of ceria make it suitable as a catalyst or support in oxidation reactions. Ceria-supported transition metal nanoparticles or isolated single atoms provide a metal-support interface that reduces the energy cost to remove interfacial oxygen atoms, providing active oxygen species that can participate in Mars van Krevelen oxidation processes. CO oxidation is a key probe reaction to test the reducibility of ceria-supported catalysts and is also practically important in the elimination of CO at relatively low temperatures in various applications. Preferential oxidation of CO (PROX) in excess H2 controls the CO concentration to ultra-low levels to prevent poisoning of hydrogen oxidation electrocatalysts. The reactivity of catalysts in CO oxidation and selectivity towards CO over H2 in PROX is dependent on the type and dispersion of metal species, the structural and chemical properties of CeO2, and the synthetic preparation methods of the catalysts. In this review, we summarize recently published works on catalytic CO oxidation and PROX reactions on ceria-supported metal nanoparticles and single atoms. We summarize the reactivity on different supported metals, and on different CeO2 surfaces with the same metal. We summarize the most likely reaction mechanisms as suggested by density functional theory calculations. The factors contributing to selectivity towards CO oxidation in PROX reactions on various supported metals are also discussed.
Potential coexistence of exciton and fermion-pair condensations

An extensive theoretical and experimental investigation has been conducted on fermion-pair condensation and exciton condensation as distinct classes of Bose-Einstein-like condensation. In this Rapid Communication, the existence of a fermion-exciton condensate---a single quantum state in which the characters of both fermion-pair and exciton condensates coexist---is established computationally in the low-particle-number ($N$) limit and theoretically in the large-$N$ thermodynamic limit. The trade-off between the fermion-pair and excitonic character of the fermion-exciton condensate is shown to be elliptic in nature. The possibility that the properties of fermion-exciton condensates could be a hybrid of the properties of fermion-pair condensates and exciton condensates is discussed, and future experimental and computational exploration of this class of condensate, which may potentially be realizable in a bilayer of superconductors, is anticipated.
The Future of the History of Rhetoric is Religious

Recently, in peer reviews of my work on historical religious debates, I have been warned to “avoid[] getting absorbed in … doctrinal minutiae” and informed that such investigations “seem less relev...
Painting Publics: Transnational Legal Graffiti Scenes as Spaces for Encounter

Painting Publics: Transnational Legal Graffiti Scenes as Spaces for Encounter is beautiful. It is a joy to see color photos, many of which were taken by the author, throughout the book allowing the...
Evaluation of the hepatoprotective effect of methanolic extract of Caulerpa lentillifera against acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity in juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Abstract Background: Liver injury is a common reason for drugs to be withdrawn from the market. Treatment options for common liver disease are limited, and therapy with modern medicines may lack effectiveness. Caulerpa lentillifera may have strong antioxidant systems that protect the plant from oxidative damage caused by the environment. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of the methanolic extract of C. lentillifera against acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity in juvenile zebrafish ( Danio rerio ). Methods: Juvenile zebrafish (aged 1 – 3 months) were exposed to 10 mikromolar and 25 mikromolar acetaminophen ( N -acetyl-p-aminophenol; APAP) to induce liver damage. C. lentillifera methanolic extracts (0.01 mg/L, 0.02 mg/L and 0.03 mg/L), were concomitantly added to individual tanks containing 0.01 M or 0.025 M APAP. The positive control group was treated with N- acetylcysteine/NAC (0.01 M) and silymarin (0.01 mg/L, 0.02 mg/L and 0.03 mg/L). Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE juvenile zebrafish; hepatoprotective; drug-induced liver injury (DILI)
Transforming Preservice Teachers’ Conceptions and Lesson Plan Designs for Teaching Mathematics from a Direct-Teaching Approach to a Reform-Based Approach

This study investigated preservice teachers’ (PTs) conceptions of how math is well-taught, their ability to design lessons that employ reform-based practices, and relations between their conception...
On the Nonparametric Identification of Nonlinear Simultaneous Equations Models: Comment on Brown (1983) and Roehrig (1988)

This note revisits the identification theorems of Brown (1983) and Roehrig (1988). We describe an error in the proofs of the main identification theorems in these papers, and provide an important counterexample to the theorems on the identification of the reduced form. Specifically, the reduced form of a nonseparable simultaneous equations model is not identified even under the assumptions of these papers. We provide conditions under which the reduced form is identified and is recoverable using the distribution of the endogenous variables conditional on the exogenous variables. However, these conditions place substantial limitations on the structural model. We conclude the note with a conjecture that it may be possible to use classical exclusion restrictions to recover some of the key implications of the theorems in more general settings.
Real-Time Monitoring and Point-of-Care Testing: A Review of the Current Landscape of PrEP Adherence Monitoring

Background Despite pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) being highly effective at preventing HIV, HIV infections among individuals prescribed PrEP continue to occur. The vast majority of these new infections occur among individuals with sub-optimal adherence. One factor that is likely to decrease HIV incidence among PrEP users is a real-time, objective measurement of adherence. Monitoring adherence to PrEP can identify those at risk of becoming lost to follow-up and therefore at greater risk of HIV infection, those in need of additional layers of support to overcome barriers to PrEP, and individuals who need enhanced adherence support. Objective This paper reviews subjective and objective methods for monitoring PrEP including self-report, drug level monitoring (including serum, plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMC], red blood cell dried blood spots [DBS], hair, and urine) and by measuring participant interaction with the study drug (pill counts, medication event monitoring systems [MEMS] caps). Clinical Use A multitude of methods exist for monitoring and supporting adherence. Objective monitoring using DBS and urine will provide a more accurate picture of adherence compared to subjective and non-biomarker objective methods. Preliminary data show that detection of non-adherence using biomarkers, followed by augmented adherence support and counseling, is associated with improved adherence, although more research is needed. PrEP providers will need knowledge of and access to these various strategies, which will require investment and resource allocation from clinics and other PrEP care sites to provide these tools.
Modeling COVID-19 Nonpharmaceutical Interventions: Exploring periodic NPI Strategies

Develops a COVID-19 transmission model used as part of RAND's web-based COVID-19 decision support tool that compares the effects of nonpharmaceutical public health interventions on health and economic outcomes.
Quantum optimal control for atomic fountain interferometry

We present an analysis of the robustness of existing analytic schemes for the implementation of an atomic fountain interferometer, and develop concepts for improving this robustness through the use of optimal control theory. For an interferometer operating in the Raman regime, we consider an implementation that manipulates the atomic momentum states with a series of Rabi pulses, and analyze how robust the population dynamics are with respect to variations in the effective pulse amplitude seen by the atoms in the atomic clouds, and variations in the initial velocity of the atoms relative to the rest frame. We then show that using rapid adiabatic passage to implement momentum transfer can significantly improve this robustness. Finally, we formulate the most general control conditions for an atomic fountain interferometer and design a functional that can be used for an ensemble optimization over the robustness landscape. We show preliminary results of optimizing the system using Krotov's method, suggesting that optimal control may be able to significantly enhance the robustness of atom interferometers.
The Adverse Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Nursing Home Resident Well-Being.

Abstract Objective Quantify the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on nursing home resident well-being. Design Quantitative analysis of resident-level assessment data. Setting and participants Long-stay residents living in Connecticut nursing homes. Methods We used Minimum Data Set assessments to measure nursing home resident outcomes observed in each week between March and July 2020 for long-stay residents (eg, those in the nursing home for at least 100 days) who lived in a nursing home at the beginning of the pandemic. We compared outcomes to those observed at the beginning of the pandemic, controlling for both resident characteristics and patterns for outcomes observed in 2017-2019. Results We found that nursing home resident outcomes worsened on a broad array of measures. The prevalence of depressive symptoms increased by 6 percentage points relative to before the pandemic in the beginning of March—representing a 15% increase. The share of residents with unplanned substantial weight loss also increased by 6 percentage points relative to the beginning of March—representing a 150% increase. We also found significant increases in episodes of incontinence (4 percentage points) and significant reductions in cognitive functioning. Our findings suggest that loneliness and isolation play an important role. Though unplanned substantial weight loss was greatest for those who contracted COVID-19 (about 10% of residents observed in each week), residents who did not contract COVID-19 also physically deteriorated (about 7.5% of residents in each week). Conclusions and Implications These analyses show that the pandemic had substantial impacts on nursing home residents beyond what can be quantified by cases and deaths, adversely affecting the physical and emotional well-being of residents. Future policy changes to limit the spread of COVID-19 or other infectious disease outbreaks should consider any additional costs beyond the direct effects of morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19.
Constraint-Induced Movement therapy

Abstract Despite its being characterized in the late 1800s, multiple sclerosis (MS) continues to debilitate and burden patients and caregivers alike. With its root causes still unknown, this progressive neuropathology manifests in myriad symptoms and sclerotic central nervous system (CNS) lesions. This chapter outlines some of the hypothesized genetic and environmental causes, primary symptomatic elements, and clinical management techniques of MS. In particular, this chapter summarizes the history, components, and preliminary results of a form of physical rehabilitation, termed constraint-induced movement therapy (CI therapy), which has preliminary evidence for success with improving real-world physical function as well as structural neuroplasticity of the CNS. We review prior neuroimaging findings of CI therapy and describe potential mechanisms behind the treatment success. We suggest that this efficacious motor therapy may have an important role for treating patients with progressive MS.
Artemis Innovative Assembly and Integration Operations of the Launch Abort System at KSC

This paper describes the Artemis program assembly and integration approach that enables affordable and low risk processing operations for the Launch Abort System at KSC. NASA is currently developing the Artemis 1 spacecraft to meet the test objectives of an uncrewed orbital mission to the moon and return to earth in 2021. The Artemis Orion spacecraft consists of a Crew Module (CM), a Service Module (SM), and a Launch Abort System (LAS) to safely transport a crew of 4 to the moon and return to earth. The LAS enables the CM to have an abort capability for the crew during the launch phase of the mission from the launch pad throughout the ascent phase. The LAS includes motor elements for abort, attitude control, and stage separation is assembled at the Launch Abort System Facility (LASF) adjacent to the CM/SM (CSM) assembly operations in the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building (O&C) at KSC. The LAS integration to the CSM is completed in the LASF and the completed Artemis spacecraft is integrated to the Space Launch System (SLS) in the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) at KSC. A significant LAS development flight test milestone was recently completed in 2019 for the Ascent Abort (AA-2) flight test at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station where a high-altitude abort test was successfully achieved using a Peacekeeper booster stage exercising all of the LAS systems including propulsion, avionics, and pyrotechnics demonstrating the LAS readiness for crewed flight. The first operational flight of the LAS will be for the Artemis 2 mission which is the first crewed mission for the Orion program planned in 2023.The LAS assembly and integration is performed at the launch site at KSC to enable seamless operations for the integration to the Artemis spacecraft and the SLS launch vehicle. The LAS abort, jettison, and attitude control motor assemblies are processed in a hazard operations environment in the LASF separate from the Artemis CSM spacecraft operations. Common use of CSM O&C assembly processes, equipment, and technician workforce are deployed to the LASF avoiding the need for stand-alone and dedicated operations reducing LAS processing costs and risks. The LAS assembly operations support systems reside in a contemporary digital environment documenting and managing the requirements, engineering drawings, production plans, and vehicle as-built configurations and are compatible with the NASA KSC integration environment. The LAS integration by the NASA Exploration Ground Systems (EGS) operations completes the integration to the SLS launch vehicle. Any LAS anomalous conditions are 1rapidly addressed using onsite EGS and Artemis technical support as required. The LAS processing at KSC enables a low risk and affordable assembly and integration approach for the Artemis program to support NASA Gateway missions of the future.
Atypical erythema nodosum triggered by COVID-19 infection.

With the emergence of the novel SARS-CoV-2, we have learned a great deal about the potential cutaneous sequelae following infection. The variable dermatologic complications reported from viral infection thus far include pernio type lesions, urticarial eruptions, vesicular eruptions, and more.1, 2, 3 Here, we report an atypical presentation of erythema nodosum (EN) following infection with SARS-CoV-2. To our knowledge, there have only been 3 other reports of EN secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection, also known as COVID-19.4, 5, 6
Atypical presentation of transverse myelitis in the emergency department: A case report.

Transverse myelitis (TM) is an inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord characterized by acute onset sensory loss and motor weakness below the level of the lesion. The etiology of the disease is varied, and diagnosis of TM in the Emergency Department (ED) can be difficult owing to the low incidence of the disease, and frequently insidious onset. We report a case of a 59-year-old female who presented to the ED from home with left upper quadrant abdominal pain and flank pain of sudden onset. While in the ED, she experienced left lower extremity weakness and sensory changes that slowly progressed bilaterally, and ultimately was diagnosed with transverse myelitis. Transverse myelitis rarely diagnosed in the ED setting, but it is an important clinical consideration when evaluating ED patients presenting with both pain and progressive neurologic symptoms.
Therapeutic mRNA Engineering from Head to Tail.

ConspectusSynthetic messenger RNA (mRNA), once delivered into cells, can be readily translated into proteins by ribosomes, which do not distinguish exogenous mRNAs from endogenous transcripts. Until recently, the intrinsic instability and immunostimulatory property of exogenous RNAs largely hindered the therapeutic application of synthetic mRNAs. Thanks to major technological innovations, such as introduction of chemically modified nucleosides, synthetic mRNAs have become programmable therapeutic reagents. Compared to DNA or protein-based therapeutic reagents, synthetic mRNAs bear several advantages: flexible design, easy optimization, low-cost preparation, and scalable synthesis. Therapeutic mRNAs are commonly designed to encode specific antigens to elicit organismal immune response to pathogens like viruses, express functional proteins to replace defective ones inside cells, or introduce novel enzymes to achieve unique functions like genome editing. Recent years have witnessed stunning progress on the development of mRNA vaccines against SARS-Cov2. This success is built upon our fundamental understanding of mRNA metabolism and translational control, a knowledge accumulated during the past several decades. Given the astronomical number of sequence combinations of four nucleotides, sequence-dependent control of mRNA translation remains incompletely understood. Rational design of synthetic mRNAs with robust translation and optimal stability remains challenging. Massively paralleled reporter assay (MPRA) has been proven to be powerful in identifying sequence elements in controlling mRNA translatability and stability. Indeed, a completely randomized sequence in 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) drives a wide range of translational outputs. In this Account, we will discuss general principles of mRNA translation in eukaryotic cells and elucidate the role of coding and noncoding regions in the translational regulation. From the therapeutic perspective, we will highlight the unique features of 5' cap, 5'UTR, coding region (CDS), stop codon, 3'UTR, and poly(A) tail. By focusing on the design strategies in mRNA engineering, we hope this Account will contribute to the rational design of synthetic mRNAs with broad therapeutic potential.
Experimental Vascularized Bone Allograft Transplantation

The immediate vascularization of bone allografts by microsurgical anastomosis of donor and host vessels is a theoretically appealing way to avoid problems related to graft nonviability inherent in nonvascularized bone allografts. However, these grafts are subjected to immunologic rejection similar to organ allografts. To determine the immunologic and morphologic consequences of the transplantation of vascularized bone allografts; a series of experiments using a genetically defined rat model was performed. The specific aims were (a) to develop a reliable model for heterotopic and orthotopic vascularized bone allograft transplantation; (b) to determine the role of genetic disparity on allograft survival; (c) to define histologic criteria for rejection; (d) to assess the cellular and humoral arms of the immune response to vascularized bone allografts; (e) to determine the role of nonspecific (cyclosporine) and specific (tolerance, enhancement) immunosuppression on graft survival; and (f) to assess the healing properties of vascularized bone allografts.
Adenylate Kinase from Bakers' Yeast: III. EQUILIBRIA: EQUILIBRIUM EXCHANGE AND MECHANISM

Abstract Studies of equilibrium exchange rates showed that the ATP-AMP phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.4.3), yeast adenylate kinase, reaction was of a random order. The rates of exchange of AMP and ATP with ADP under similar conditions were very nearly equal. A double reciprocal plot of the exchange rate against the ATP concentration yielded a minimum dissociation constant of the same order as the Km value for ATP. These data served as indications of a random mechanism. An experiment with the use of 14C- and 32P-labeled nucleotides in equilibrium exchange studies revealed that the rate-limiting step of the reaction was the interconversion of the ternary complex and not the binding of substrates or the dissociation of products. The equilibrium concentrations of the adenosine and deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphates were also determined at various pH values, magnesium ion concentrations, and temperatures.
Resolution of Singularities -- Seattle Lecture

These are the notes for my lecture ``Resolution of Sigularities in Charcteristic 0" given at the AMS Summer Institute at Seattle. It gives a self contained proof of the strong Hironaka resolution theorem.
Actor-oriented models for codesign: balancing re-use and performance

Most current hardware engineering practice is deeply rooted in discrete-event modeling and synchronous design. Most current software engineering is deeply rooted in procedural abstractions. The latter says little about concurrency and temporal properties, whereas the former lacks many of modularity capabilities of modern programming languages. Actor-oriented design emphasizes concurrency and communication between components while maintaining modularity. Components called actors execute and communicate with other actors. In contrast to the interfaces in object-oriented design (methods, principally, which mediate transfer of the locus of control), interfaces in actor-oriented design (which we call ports) mediate communication. But the communication is not assumed to involve a transfer of control. This paper discusses the structure of actor-oriented models and shows how data and behavioral type systems enhance modularity and re-use potential while enabling designs that embrace concurrency and time. This paper shows how components can be designed for re-use through parameterization and behavioral polymorphism, and how component specialization can offset the performance costs of doing so.
Overview and the Future of Obesity Treatment

The focus of this chapter will be to address the future of obesity treatment. After a brief background related to the importance of obesity treatment owing to the socioeconomic and personal costs, we briefly review the effectiveness of current interventions so that we can assess the past and present of obesity treatment. We then examine current issues and controversies that we believe will affect the future of obesity treatment, including the changing definition of obesity, whether short-term changes in weight and normalization of comorbid conditions translate into long-term improvements in health, the cost-effectiveness and feasibility of long-term treatment to improve maintenance of weight loss, the shift toward more comprehensive health models in obesity treatment, and promising directions in the prevention of obesity. Table 1 provides an overview of the organization of the chapter.
BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONALITY OF ELLAGIC ACID: A REVIEW

Phenolic phytochemicals such as ellagic acid are important components of fruits and vegetables and are partly responsible for their beneficial health effects against oxidation-linked chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. It is believed that phytochemicals such as ellagic acid function either by countering the negative effects of oxidative stress by directly acting as an antioxidant or by activating/inducing cellular antioxidant enzyme systems. These models are limited in explaining the more comprehensive antioxidant-related functions of phytochemicals in maintaining specific cellular homeostasis which contributes to its preventive mode of action and beneficial effects across diverse biological systems and cell types. In this article, we have revised the existing models and have proposed a comprehensive model for the antioxidant response-linked mechanism of the action of ellagic acid from fruits at the early stages of host cellular response by the modulation of enzyme response to maintain cellular homeostasis in eukaryotes and by inhibiting the survival in pathogenic prokaryotes.
The Strength Of Optical Waveguide Fibers

The strength of optical waveguide fibers is characterized by the presence of flaws distributed randomly over their surface in a way determined by the material and its past history. Fast fracture and time dependent strength measurements on waveguide fibers are presented and interpreted within the framework of Weibull statistics and fracture mechanics theory. A method of determining a complete set of time-to-failure parameters from short gauge length strength measurements is developed and applied to stress corrosion data obtained on fibers held at constant load in a high humidity environment. The effect of fiber strength on optical cable design, manufacture and installation is analyzed using simple cable structures to illustrate the general principles involved.© (1976) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Using Information Technology to Implement Strategic Systems Planning as a Knowledge-Based Group Support Process

"Strategic systems planning" has been proposed as a means of achieving the full potential of strategic decision support systems SDSS King, 1983, 1988. It is a systematic method which can be used by strategic managers to explicitly derive a statement of an organization's overall strategy as well as of an organization's SDSS strategy. This paper describes how knowledgebased support for strategic systems planning can be implemented using current information technology and utilized by organizational planning groups. Central to the implementation of this approach is the interaction between strategy set developers who act as experts in developing strategy statements, a knowledge engineer, and an inference engine. Use of the inference engine to ensure the logical consistency of managers' thought processes is a primary benefit of this approach. In addition, the approach indirectly supports the creative thinking of managers by requiring that underlying assumptions in reasoning be explicitly identified and tested in the context of the organization's planning environment.
Medical Residencies and Increased Admissions in Rural Hospitals with Fewer Than 200 Beds.

Medical education programs in general, and rural residency programs in particular, can be beneficial for rural hospitals. This study of 1,792 non-metropolitan statistical area, acute general hospitals with fewer than 200 beds from 1993 to 1996 was designed to help rural hospitals and communities to quantify the likely effects of rural residency programs on hospital admissions. Data came from the hospital Prospective Payment System minimum data set. The results show that additional residents at rural hospitals with fewer than 200 beds generally result in an increase of approximately 100 to 200 admissions per resident--more for smaller hospitals and fewer for larger hospitals. Because increased admissions generally improve the financial health and continued operation of rural hospitals, this study confirms the importance of education-based strategies in ensuring access to care in rural communities.
Adult Congenital Heart Disease: Obstructive and Nonobstructive Cor Triatriatum

Among 4000 transesophageal echocardiograms in adult patients, we have found cor triatriatum in 7. A 41-year-old man presented with dyspnea on exertion. A transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated a linear echodensity in the left atrium (LA) of questionable significance. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE, Fig 1A⇓) showed a discrete membrane (thick white arrows) attached medially to the atrial septum at the inferior margin of the fossa ovalis membrane (thin …
Estrogen and progesterone receptor status and outcome in epithelial ovarian cancers and low malignant potential tumors.

Objective Receptors for estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) are prognostic indicators for a variety of endocrine tumors including breast and endometrial. This study was conducted to determine if ER and PR expression patterns are predictive of outcome in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) or ovarian low malignant potential (LMP) tumors.