cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gravitational energy-momentum on nonmaximal surfaces

Gravitational Cauchy data defined iteratively from an input set which is of pure linearized gauge form representing a nonflat hypersurface appear to possess tachyonic energy-momentum P/sup $mu$/. It is shown that such systems do behave correctly: P/sup $mu$/ is positive timelike, and vanishing of the energy implies flat space. Although the P/sup $mu$/ begin at quartic order in the inputs, it is possible to exhibit explicitly the helicity-2 character of the gravitational excitations on which both the energy and the flatness conditions depend. (auth)
In vitro activation and behavior of the ameboid sperm of Ascaris suum (Nematoda).

A system is described for the study of activation and motility of Ascaris spermatozoa in vitro. Activation was accomplished by addition of the sperm-activating substances (SAS), extracted from the male accessory gland, to cells incubated in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) at 37–39° C under anaerobic conditions (95% N2, 5% CO2). Activation is characterized by a change from spherical to ameboid shape with coalescence of the refringent granules. The normal ameboid spermatozoa bear several stubby and needle-like filopodia at the lamellipodial margin. Within the lamellipodium are bundles of microfilament-like structures extending toward the pseudopodial membrane and concentrating within the needle-like filopodia. These filopodia exhibit a pendulous, sweeping motion with subsequent retraction and disappearence within the main lamellipodium. Membranes of the ameboid cells interact at the pseudopodial regions with partial fusion, as suggested by apparent membrane breakdown between interdigitating portions of the pseudopodia. Activation is complete in 5–15 min, is totally inhibited at 4° C and/or by an atmospheric environment, but can be reinitiated by transfer to anaerobic conditions at 22–9° C. Activation also requires favorable pH (6.8–8.7) and continual exposure to sufficiently high sodium concentrations (134–154mM), i.e., lowering of sodium concentration to 10 mM causes irreversible inactivation. Sodium may be replaced by potassium or lithium but not by Tris or sucrose. Proteinases (10 μg/ml) can act as activators even though SAS lack detectable proteolytic activity against azoalbumin, azocasein, TAME and BTEE and SAS activation was not inhibited by TLCK or soybean trypsin inhibitor.
Dendritic changes in the spinal dorsal horn following transection of a peripheral nerve

In an attempt to examine the morphologic changes which take place in the spinal dorsal horn as a consequence of peripheral nerve injury, the superficial radial nerve was cut and prevented from regenerating in adult cats. In laminae I-V of the 7th cervical segment of spinal dorsal horn at 2 weeks, 1 and 2 months following transection, small and medium-sized dendritic shafts developed membrane-bounded cavities. These cavities varied in number and size in each dendrite and were sometimes connected to the agranular reticulum. Large cavities often hollowed out a dendrite, leaving little remaining cytoplasm between the cavity membrane and the plasma membrane. Small and large cavities were frequently found open to the intercellular space. Synaptic glomeruli showed a loss of small dendrites with empty scalloped depressions in the central axonal endings of these structures left exposed to enlarged intercellular spaces. In addition, clusters of many enlarged oval or irregular intercellular spaces were found in the neuropil where many cavitated dendrites were observed. At least some of these intercellular spaces were thought to be derived from the loss of dendrites. From these observations we conclude that small and medium-sized dendrites involute through cavitation and eventually disappear from the spinal dorsal horn when primary input is disturbed by transection of peripheral sensory nerves.
Oxidation of Amines with Benzeneseleninyl Chloride

Abstract Seleninic acid derivatives of the type (1) and ( )2o (2) have been shown to undergo nucleophilic attack on Se by enolate anions1,2 and phenols.2 In the case of enolate anions, the resulting α-keto selenoxide readily eliminates PhSeOH, to effect a net oxidation by introducing a double bond α to the carbonyl.3 It has been demonstrated that 2 reacts readily with certain primary amines, presumably through a similar pathway (i.e. elimination of PhSeOH from an intermediate seleninamide (3))4. This paper describes the analogous reaction of 1 with amines (Scheme I).
Altered pulmonary artery endothelial-smooth muscle cell interactions in experimental congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Altered pulmonary artery endothelial–smooth muscle cell interactions in experimental congenital diaphragmatic hernia
The owl and the electric encyclopedia

Abstract A review of “On the thresholds of knowledge”, by D.B. Lenat and E.A. Feigenbaum.
In vivo MR tractography using diffusion imaging.

Diffusion in structured tissue, such as white matter or muscle, is anisotropic. MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures anisotropy per pixel and provides the directional information relevant for MR tractography or fiber tracking in vivo. MR tractography is non-invasive, relatively fast, and can be repeated multiple times without destructing important tissue. Moreover, the combination with other MR images is relatively simple. In this paper, the basic principles of tractography are presented. Different tracking methods with varying degrees of complexity are introduced and their potential strengths and weaknesses are discussed. Clinical applications and different strategies for evaluating the fidelity of tracking results are reviewed.
The induction of filopodia in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum by cyclic adenosine monophosphate: Mechanism of aggregation

Abstract Dictyostelium discoideum vegetative amoebae grown axenically can be induced to extend microprojections, filopodia, in response to cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate. Cyclic 3′-5′-guanosine monophosphate, adenosine monophosphate, or adenosine diphosphate at concentrations of 1.0 m m have no effect. After incubation for 15 min, 1.0 m M adenosine triphosphate will also cause filopodial formation. Treatment with 0.1 m M 2–4 dinitrophenol or 1.0 m M sodium azide does not prevent the induction by cyclic adenosine monophosphate. The induced cells can be more extensively agglutinated with Concanavalin A at 0.5 mg/ml than noninduced cells. A model is presented that describes a possible mechanism whereby cells may aggregate via the cyclic adenosine monophosphate induced filopodia.
Studies on permeability. XI. The effect of physostigmine on the rate of barbital entrance into guinea pig brain slices

Abstract Physostigmine caused an increased rate of entrance of barbital into guinea pig brain slices. In the concentration used, physostigmine inhibited the activity of the brain cholinesterase by about 90% but had little or no inhibitory effect on glycolysis or oxygen consumption by the brain tissue. The increased permeability of the guinea pig brain slices to barbital caused by physostigmine is attributed to its action on cholinesterase.
A recursive formulation of the equations of motion for articulated structures with closed loops-an automated approach

Abstract A comprehensive computer algorithm used in the dynamic analysis of multibody systems is presented. The procedures developed use Kane's equations, the strain energy, and modal analysis combined to describe elastic bodies. The equations of motion are expressed in a form where their coefficients are based on the partial velocity and partial angular velocity arrays and are easily coded for computers. Further efficiencies in the method stem from the use of ‘relative’ rigid body generalized coordinates to eliminate the need to introduce an extra set of constraint equations to describe the joint connections. The equations of motion developed are extended for constrained systems such as closed loops, and some points in the system having prescribed motion. A Pseudo Uptriangular Decomposition method is used to eliminate the unknown generalized constraint forces from Kane's equations. The method presented in this paper is tailored for structures with variable cross-section beam elements such as spacecraft antennae, helicopter rotor blades, robot systems and mechanisms. The effects of rotary inertia as well as shear deformation are automatically included into the equations of motion. A method for obtaining the shape function matrix consisting of assumed dynamic modes is also presented.
Write-to-read coupling

The design of the interconnect between the read/write heads and the read/write electronics in a disk drive is constrained by the head suspension. The resulting narrow spacing of the write and read lines and the open-line type interconnect that must be used can cause a considerable write-to-read coupling. In storage devices operating at high data rates, the transient voltages on the read line while writing can be large enough to cause electrical overstress of the read head and slow down the recovery from overdrive of the read amplifier. This paper analyzes the coupling mechanisms (magnetic and electrical) for the two write line propagation modes (differential and common). For the low-end of the frequency spectrum, this leads to closed-form lumped parameter expressions. To include the high end of the spectrum, network simulations are presented using distributed parameter coupling as well as distributed parameter write and read lines. The measurement of the severity of write-to-read coupling is discussed. Finally, the paper presents various ways of reducing this write-to-read coupling.
Dependable social relationships predict overall survival in Stages II and III breast carcinoma patients.

Abstract Objective The effect of support, from dependable non-household relationships, on breast cancer progression was studied using a prospective, longitudinal design. Methods Dependable social support was assessed in women with invasive breast carcinoma Stages II and III within 18 months after diagnosis. Disease outcome was monitored for 8 to 9 years. Cox regression analyses, including the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) score of disease severity, tested the association between the number of dependable support persons and time to death. Results Ninety participants listed between 1 and 16 dependable nonhousehold support persons (mean=6, S.D.=4). There were 21 recurrences and 16 deaths from breast cancer at the end of the study. The number of dependable supports predicted decreased mortality [RR=0.41 (0.21–0.80), P =.01] after controlling for NPI. NPI predicted increased mortality [RR=1.6 (1.0, 2.4), P =.05]. Conclusions For patients with Stages II and III breast cancer, the number of dependable, nonhousehold relationships predicts decreased mortality, after accounting for disease severity.
THE USE OF COMPTON-SCATTERED GAMMA RAYS FOR NUCLEAR RESONANCE FLUORESCENCE STUDIES.

Abstract An instrument has been developed for exciting nuclear energy levels using a variable energy gamma ray beam. The beam of desired energy is produced by scattering 1.33 MeV gamma rays through the proper scattering angle. By exciting nuclear energy levels through the resonance fluorescence process, the lifetime of the level can be determined. The method was tested by measuring the lifetimes of the 963 keV levels in 63 Cu and 152 Sm. Agreement was found with previous measurements. An evaluation of the utility of the instrument for measuring lifetimes is given.
Revalidation of the in vitro alkaline elution/rat hepatocyte assay for DNA damage: improved criteria for assessment of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity and results for 81 compounds

The in vitro alkaline elution/rat hepatocyte assay is a sensitive assay for genotoxicity, measured as DNA strand breaks induced in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes after 3-h treatments with test compounds. Since DNA degradation can be rapid and extensive in dead and/or dying cells, the original criteria for a positive result in the assay were that a compound induce a 3.0-fold or greater increase in the elution slope (for the terminal phase of alkaline elution from 3 to 9 h) in the absence of significant cytotoxicity (defined as relative cell viability of less than 70% by trypan blue dye exclusion; TBDE). Recently we have shown that false-positive results can still be obtained due to cytotoxicity when loss of membrane integrity is a late event in toxic cell death relative to the induction of endonucleolytic DNA degradation. To improve the ability of the assay to discriminate between genotoxic vs. cytotoxic effects of chemicals, we have evaluated additional assays of cytotoxicity including cell adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and potassium (K+) content, tetrazolium dye reduction (MTT), TBDE after a further 3-h recovery incubation without test chemicals (delayed toxicity), cell blebbing and endonucleolytic DNA degradation (double-strand breaks; DSBs) assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). We have also evaluated 2 parameters derived from the elution data which can indicate extensive, cytotoxicity-induced DNA degradation: the fraction of the DNA recovered in the neutral lysis/rinse fraction and the gamma-intercept of the extrapolation of the 3-9-h segment of the elution curve. Twenty-eight rodent non-carcinogens that are negative (or inconclusive) in the Ames assay with no, or limited, other evidence of genotoxicity, and 33 genotoxins, most of which are also carcinogens, were evaluated. The results showed that DNA degradation as measured by a 1-h PACE (Programmed Autonomously Controlled Electrodes)/PFGE assay was a sensitive indicator of cytotoxicity which correlated well with results of the other cytotoxicity indicators. The delayed TBDE (after a 3-h recovery), intracellular potassium and ATP assays as well as the gamma-intercept parameter were also shown to be sensitive and in some cases complementary measures of cytotoxicity. Using new criteria based on these data of an induced slope (treatment slope-negative control slope) of 0.020 for the 3- to 9-h elution period and cytotoxicity limits of 70% relative viability for the delayed TBDE assay and 50% for intracellular ATP content, the assay scores the genotoxicity of these 61 reference compounds with an overall accuracy of 92%. Test results using these new criteria are provided for an additional 20 compounds (5 non-genotoxic carcinogens and 15 compounds whose genotoxic and carcinogenic potential are unknown or equivocal).
Shakeup spectra and core ionization potentials for formaldehyde. The role of electron spin in shakeup

Abstract The carbon and oxygen 1 s ionization potentials in gaseous formaldehyde are 294.47 (6) and 539.44 (6) eV, respectively. A single shakeup peak is fou
Flux Exclusion in CdS at 77 K: Superconductivity at High Temperatures?

The observation of flux exclusion approaching Meissner proportions (${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{V}=\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{4\ensuremath{\pi}}$ cgs units) in pressure-quenched CdS at 77 K is reported. The results can be naturally and simply interpreted on the basis of superconductivity at 77 K. If the superconductive state is not the appropriate description, then a new high-temperature collective quantum state must be invoked.
On compliance in coastal moorings

To better understand mooring behavior in the coastal ocean, the WHOI cable modeling program was used to examine several chain catenary and compliant elastic tether mooring configurations. The chain catenary is used most often, and is the most robust, although if many instruments are used in the mooring line and a depressor weight used to keep the mooring more vertical in high currents, the tensions in the mooring can easily exceed 15,000 lbs in heavy seas and currents. On the other hand, elastic tethers on moorings with few heavy instruments in the mooring line, can provide a lighter mooring with smaller, lower cost buoy and hardware that can still survive the severe conditions in the ocean environment. Tensions in these moorings rarely exceed 2,000 lbs. The high tensions in the chain catenary moorings are due to the heavy instrumentation that must be accelerated by the buoy as it follows the waves, and is generally too large for compliant elastic tether configurations
Expression of the β-subunit of β-conglycinin in seeds of transgenic plants.

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seeds contain the storage protein β-conglycinin, encoded by a multigene family. β-Conglycinin consists of three subunits; α′, α, and β. A genomic clone for a β-subunit of β-conglycinin has been characterized by restriction-enzyme mapping and hybrid selected in-vitro translation followed by immunoprecipitation. In order to determine the developmental regulation of this β-subunit gene, its expression was studied in seeds of transgenic petunia (Petunia hybrida) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants. The β-subunit expressed in seeds of petunia and tobacco was recognized by anti-β-conglycinin serum at a relative molecular mass of 53 000, equivalent to that of the native protein. Separation of the petunia-seed proteins by isoelectric focusing followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblot analysis showed that multiple isoelectric forms of the β-subunit were produced. There was approximately a twofold variation in the accumulation of the β-subunit protein in the mature seeds of transgenic petunia plants, each containing a single β-subunit gene. However, the level of protein accumulation in mature seeds and the amount of β-subunit mRNA in developing seeds was not correlated. Accumulation of the β-subunit protein in transgenic seeds was less than the α′-subunit protein that accumulated in transgenic petunia seeds containing a single α′-subunit gene and less than the amount of the β-subunit in mature soybean seeds which contain 8–13 β-subunit genes. In transgenic tobacco plants, the accumulation of the β-subunit protein in seeds was generally well correlated with the number of genes that were incorporated in the different transformants.
An in situ STM determination of a kinetic pathway for the coadsorbate-induced compression of sulfur by CO on Pt(111)

Abstract STM has been used to study the interactions between CO and S coadsorbed on Pt(111). At coverages ≤0.25 monolayers, sulfur forms ordered 2 × 2 islands. When CO is coadsorbed with sulfur on Pt(111), the sulfur is compressed into ordered structures of higher local coverage. We have observed the steps leading to this compression with both STM and LEED. This paper presents in situ STM evidence suggesting the mechanism by which sulfur is compressed by coadsorbed CO on Pt(111). In this mechanism, sulfur is displaced by CO from the p(2 × 2) site to the next nearest fcc hollow site. This displacement initiates a chain reaction by which one-dimensional rows of sulfur atoms separated by √3 times the Pt Pt distance are created. The formation of sulfur chains generates new sites for CO adsorption by which the compression phenomenon is further propagated.
Multiple forms of rat dentin phosphoproteins.

Abstract Previous studies have shown that the phosphoprotein from rat dentin is heterogenous and can be partially separated into two fractions by ion-exchange chromatography. These proteins were further characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gel chromatography, and amino acid and phosphate analysis, after chromatographic separations on ion-exchange columns. On 5–15% gradient gels, the phosphoproteins extracted from rat dentin and precipitated by CaCl 2 gave three Alcian blue-staining bands with apparent molecular weights in the 90–95,000 range. The two slower-moving bands corresponded to highly phosphorylated proteins (HP) that had phosphoserine contents of greater than 400 residues per thousand and contained little or no valine, leucine, phenylalanine, or arginine. The faster-moving band corresponded to a moderately phosphorylated protein that contained about 250 residues per thousand of phosphoserine and greater quantities of glutamic acid, proline, and several other amino acids than HP. The nature of the phosphoproteins in HP was further studied after total removal of the phosphate with an insoluble form of bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase. The dephosphorylated product (dP-HP) gave a single major band on gel electrophoresis but showed evidence for two closely related NH 2 -terminal sequences, AspAspAspAsn and AspAspProAsn. The dephosphorylated material was separated into two components (dP-HP1 and dP-HP2) by chromatography on QAE-Sephadex A-25. The amino acid compositions of the two components showed that they differed in their primary structures. This conclusion was verified by the finding of the proline-containing sequence in dP-HP2. In addition to these two groups of phosphoproteins, a third class, LP, contains low levels of phosphoserine and high amounts of glutamic acid ( W. T. Butler, M. Bhown, M. T. DiMuzio, and A. Linde, (1981) Coll. Res. , 1 , 187–199 ).
Characterization of chemical properties, unit cell parameters and particle size distribution of three zeolite reference materials: RM 8850 – zeolite Y, RM 8851 – zeolite A and RM 8852 – ammonium ZSM-5 zeolite

Zeolites have important industrial applications including use as catalysts, molecular sieves and ion exchange materials. In this study, three zeolite materials have been characterized by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as reference materials (RMs): zeolite Y (RM 8850), zeolite A (RM 8851) and ZSM-5 zeolite (RM 8852). They have been characterized by a variety of chemical and physical measurement methods: X-ray fluorescence (XRF), gravimetry, instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), calorimetry, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, laser light extinction, laser light scattering, electric sensing zone, X-ray sedimentation, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy. The chemical homogeneity of the materials has been characterized. Reference values are given for the major components (major elements, loss on ignition [LOI] and loss on fusion [LOF]), trace elements and Si/Al and Na/Al ratios. Information values are given for enthalpies of formation, unit cell parameters, particle size distributions, refractive indices and variation of mass with variation in relative humidity (RH). Comparisons are made to literature unit cell parameters. The RMs are expected to provide a basis for intercomparison studies of these zeolite materials.
Moving a polygon around the corner in a corridor

We consider the problem of moving an n vertex simple polygon around a corner in a right-angular corridor. We give an O(n log n) algorithm for a convex polygon which constructs a motion of the polygon when one exists; otherwise it reports that none exists. In the case of non-convex polygons, we have an O(n2) time algorithm.
Broadband stopband filter for terahertz wave based on multi-layer metamaterial microstructure

We show that a multi-layer microstructure consisting of stacked rectangular ring resonators exhibit characteristics of broadband stopband filters having a bandwidth of 1.1 THz and a quality factor of 1.6.
Magnetoelectronic latching Boolean gate

Abstract We present a magnetoelectronic device family with the unique characteristic that the “family” is composed of a single device that can perform any of several Boolean functions, with the function dynamically determined during the operation by the manner in which the device is addressed. As the device operates in a latching mode, it also performs a nonvolatile storage function. Integration of logic and memory is achieved, so that memory and processing functions can be dynamically apportioned.
Expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 5 in rabbit corneal stromal cells.

Purpose To determine whether NOX 5 is expressed in rabbit corneal stromal cells (RCSC). NADPH oxidases (NOXes) are enzymes that preferentially use NADPH as a substrate and generate superoxide. Several isoforms of NOXes function as multi-protein complexes while NOX5 and DUOXs do not require the accessory proteins for their activity and possess calcium binding EF hands. Methods Human NOX5 primers were used to amplify the rabbit NOX5 by RT-PCR. Amplified product was sequenced to confirm its identity. The protein encoded by the NOX5 was identified by western blot analysis. NOX5 siRNA was used to reduce transcript, protein, and calcium stimulated activity. In silico analyses were performed to establish the putative structure, functions, and evolution of rabbit NOX5. Results NOX activity was measured in RCSC with NADPH rather than NADH as a substrate. RT-PCR with NOX5 primers amplified 288 bp product using RCSC cDNA, which, when sequenced, confirmed its identity to human NOX5 mRNA. This sequence was used to predict the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) NOX5 gene. NOX5 siRNA reduced amounts of NOX5 mRNA in RCSC and reduced ionomycin stimulated superoxide production. A protein of about 65 to 70 kDa encoded by the NOX5 was detected by western blot analysis. In silico analysis predicted a putative rabbit NOX5 protein containing 801 amino acids. Motif searches predicted the presence of at least 3 putative EF-hands in N-terminus and a NOX domain in C terminal region. Conclusions The data document that the NOX5 gene was expressed in cells of lagomorphs unlike rodents, making the rabbit an interesting model to study NOX5 functions. The activity of the rabbit NOX5 was calcium stimulated, a trait of NOX5 in general. NOX5 may also prove to be a useful genetic marker for studying the taxonomic position of lagomorphs and the Glires classification.
Association of Temperature Greater Than 41.1°C (106°F) With Serious Illness

In a 9-month prospective study conducted in an urban emergency room, 15 children with rectal temperature greater than 41.1 degrees C (106 degrees F) were evaluated. Seven of the 15 patients were admitted to the hospital. Two children who were discharged home required subsequent admission, and six were managed on an ambulatory basis. Eight (53.3%) children had serious disease: two bacterial meningitis, two bacteremia without meningitis, two pneumonia, one pericarditis with effusion, and one Kawasaki disease. In four, the final diagnosis indicated a much more serious illness than was considered initially. The laboratory studies did not correlate reliably with the final diagnosis or need for admission. Children with a rectal temperature greater than 41.1 degrees C are at high risk for a life-threatening illness and should be evaluated for sepsis and meningitis.
Influence of sex, migration distance, and latitude on life history expression in steelhead and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

In partially migratory species, such as Oncorhynchus mykiss, the emergence of life history phenotypes is often attributed to fitness trade-offs associated with growth and survival. Fitness trade-of...
A Prognostic Model for Predicting 10-Year Survival in Patients with Primary Melanoma

Objective: To develop a prognostic model, based on clinical and pathologic data that are routinely available to the clinician, that would estimate the chance for survival of a patient with primary ...
Natural and forced ventilation of buoyant gas released in a full-scale garage: Comparison of model predictions and experimental data

Abstract An increase in the number of hydrogen-fueled applications in the marketplace will require a better understanding of the potential for fires and explosion associated with the unintended release of hydrogen within a structure. Predicting the temporally evolving hydrogen concentration in a structure, with unknown release rates, leak sizes and leak locations is a challenging task. A simple analytical model was developed to predict the natural and forced mixing and dispersion of a buoyant gas released in a partially enclosed compartment with vents at multiple levels. The model is based on determining the instantaneous compartment over-pressure that drives the flow through the vents and assumes that the helium released under the automobile mixes fully with the surrounding air. Model predictions were compared with data from a series of experiments conducted to measure the volume fraction of a buoyant gas (at 8 different locations) released under an automobile placed in the center of a full-scale garage (6.8 m × 5.4 m × 2.4 m). Helium was used as a surrogate gas, for safety concerns. The rate of helium released under an automobile was scaled to represent 5 kg of hydrogen released over 4 h. CFD simulations were also performed to confirm the observed physical phenomena. Analytical model predictions for helium volume fraction compared favorably with measured experimental data for natural and forced ventilation. Parametric studies are presented to understand the effect of release rates, vent size and location on the predicted volume fraction in the garage. Results demonstrate the applicability of the model to effectively and rapidly reduce the flammable concentration of hydrogen in a compartment through forced ventilation.
Junctural contrasts in esophageal and normal speech.

This study assessed the realization of junctural contrasts by normal and esophageal speakers. Ten normal subjects and ten laryngectomized subjects using esophageal speech provided high quality tape...
A Learning Identification Algorithm and Its Application to an Environmental System

An empirical heuristic learning identification algorithm of Ivakhnenko was modified and used to model an environmental system producing high nitrate levels in agricultural drain water in the Corn Belt. The method amounts to fitting a polynomial to a multi-input single-output response surface. The modifications result in a reduced number of terms in final model equations, a decrease in computational difficulties, and other improvements in the algorithm. This method appears to be advantageous with systems characterized by complexity with many variables and parameters, ill-defined mathematical structures, and limited data. In other words, this algorithm is useful for empirically generating hypotheses about systems of which relatively little is known.
Application of low energy ion blocking for adsorption site determination of Na Atoms on a Cu(111) surface

Abstract Ion blocking in the low keV energy range is demonstrated to be a sensitive method for probing surface adsorption sites by means of the technique of time-of-flight scattering and recoiling spectroscopy (TOF-SARS). Adsorbed atoms can block the nearly isotropic backscattering of primary ions from surface atoms in the outmost layers of a crystal. The relative adsorption site position can be derived unambiguously by simple geometrical constructs between the adsorbed atom site and the surface atom sites. Classical ion trajectory simulations using the scattering and recoiling imaging code (SARIC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provide the detailed ion trajectories. Herein we present a quantitative analysis of the blocking effects produced by sub-monolayer Na adsorbed on a Cu(111) surface at room temperature. The results show that the Na adsorption site preferences are different at different Na coverages. At a coverage θ = 0.25 monolayer, Na atoms preferentially populate the fcc threefold surface sites with a height of 2.7 ± 0.1 A above the 1st layer Cu atoms. At a lower coverage of θ = 0.10 monolayer, there is no adsorption site preference for the Na atoms on the Cu(111) surface.
Attitude control requirements for an earth-orbital solar electric propulsion stage

Solar Electric Propulsion Stage (SEPS) application in earth orbit requires considerably more maneuvering for thrust vector steering and solar array pointing than planetary missions. Attitude maneuver requirements for geosynchronous and low earth-orbital missions are presented. Situations which result in optimum steering torque requirements exceeding the capability of current SEPS configurations are defined. Sub-optimal steering techniques are defined which reduce the geosynchronous mission torque requirements to acceptable levels with negligible performance penalties. Some low earth-orbital flight regimes with earth shadowing are found to result in much larger torque requirements and impose significant mechanization penalties if serious performance losses are to be avoided. Alternative attitude control mechanization techniques are defined for these cases.
Alginate hydrogel as a promising scaffold for dental-derived stem cells: an in vitro study

The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop an injectable and biodegradable scaffold based on oxidized alginate microbeads encapsulating periodontal ligament (PDLSCs) and gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs); and (2) investigate the stem cell viability, and osteogenic differentiation of the stem cells in vitro. Stem cells were encapsulated using alginate hydrogel. The stem cell viability, proliferation and differentiation to adipogenic and osteogenic tissues were studied. To investigate the expression of both adipogenesis and ontogenesis related genes, the RNA was extracted and RT-PCR was performed. The degradation behavior of hydrogel based on oxidized sodium alginate with different degrees of oxidation was studied in PBS at 37 °C as a function of time by monitoring the changes in weight loss. The swelling kinetics of alginate hydrogel was also investigated. The results showed that alginate is a promising candidate as a non-toxic scaffold for PDLSCs and GMSCs. It also has the ability to direct the differentiation of these stem cells to osteogenic and adipogenic tissues as compared to the control group in vitro. The encapsulated stem cells remained viable in vitro and both osteo-differentiated and adipo-differentiated after 4 weeks of culturing in the induction media. It was found that the degradation profile and swelling kinetics of alginate hydrogel strongly depends on the degree of oxidation showing its tunable chemistry and degradation rate. These findings demonstrate for the first time that immobilization of PDLSCs and GMSCs in the alginate microspheres provides a promising strategy for bone tissue engineering.
Hydrothermal alteration of organic matter in sediments of the Northeastern Pacific Ocean: Part 1. Middle Valley, Juan de Fuca Ridge

Samples from the Ocean Drilling Program Leg 169 in Middle Valley, NE Pacific Ocean, were analyzed to study maturation by accelerated diagenesis and catagenesis of the sedimentary organic matter to hydrothermal petroleum. Some data from Site 858 in Middle Valley (Leg 139) are also discussed for completeness. Sediments at Sites 858 and 1036 in Middle Valley were altered either by the full variety of high temperature fluids, which generated hydrothermal petroleum, or by accelerated thermal diagenesis of the immature organic matter in situ without specific migration of those petroleum (bitumen) products. The hydrothermal petroleums from the deeper sediments have migrated and accumulated in discrete intervals at shallower depths within a contemporary temperature window of 60–135 °C at both of these sites. Maturation for the n-alkanes proceeded from high CPI values (immature) to <1.0 (mature), i.e., strong even C number preference. Due to their low TOC contents, these sediments did not generate high amounts of hydrocarbons from the kerogen and thus revealed this unique even C number preference. Furthermore, the significant content of terrestrial organic matter yielded petroleums low in gas and volatiles. Biomarkers were converted from the biological natural product precursors to the geological derivatives with maturities reflecting the thermal stress. High-temperature alteration also yielded polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
On the existence of f.c.c. TiCr1.8H5.3

Abstract An orthorhombic structure was originally assigned to the non-stoichiometric hydride TiCr1.8H3.6. Recent neutron and X-ray diffraction data indicated, however, that an alternative interpretation was possible, i.e. the solid consists of two hydride phases, an α′ Laves phase having a composition TiCr1.8H2.8 and an f.c.c. phase with a much higher hydrogen content. This proved to be the case and it was determined that the high concentration phase has a disordered fluorite structure with a 0 = 4.27 A . Its hydrogen content, as estimated from diffraction peak intensities, corresponds to TiCr1.8H5.3. We were not able to produce single-phase f.c.c. material but we prepared a mixed phase sample with an overall composition of TiCr1.8H4.8. The high pressure reaction leading to the formation of the fluorite phase is very sluggish and irreversible. Pressure-composition-temperature properties of this system were determined and are discussed and a revised phase diagram is proposed.
Currents in the scrape-off layer of diverted tokamaks

A model of the scrape-off layer outside the separatrix of a diverted tokamak plasma is used to calculate the current flowing into the divertor plates. The model extends previous work by P.J. Harbour. This current can be due to thermoelectric effects or to an externally applied voltage. It is found that when the target plates are grounded, as in present-day experiments, asymmetries in the power deposition to the target plates can drive current along magnetic field lines in the scrape-off layer. These currents can modify the collisional transport across the separatrix.
Taxes and capital intensity in a two-class disposable income growth model

Abstract By analyzing the incentive effects of taxes, previous studies may give the impression that the impact on capital intensity of converting an income tax to either a consumption or wage tax depends solely on the difference in such incentive effects on the representative person. This paper shows that tax conversion may also alter capital intensity by shifting disposable income from low to high savers. In a two-class, disposable income growth model that eliminates the incentive effects of taxes, converting an income tax to a wage or consumption tax that would raise equal steady-state revenue per worker would raise the steady-state capital intensity of the economy.
Multiple Human Tracking Using Particle Filter with Gaussian Process Dynamical Model

We present a particle filter-based multitarget tracking method incorporating Gaussian process dynamical model (GPDM) to improve robustness in multitarget tracking. With the particle filter Gaussian process dynamical model (PFGPDM), a high-dimensional target trajectory dataset of the observation space is projected to a low-dimensional latent space in a nonlinear probabilistic manner, which will then be used to classify object trajectories, predict the next motion state, and provide Gaussian process dynamical samples for the particle filter. In addition, Histogram-Bhattacharyya, GMM Kullback-Leibler, and the rotation invariant appearance models are employed, respectively, and compared in the particle filter as complimentary features to coordinate data used in GPDM. The simulation results demonstrate that the approach can track more than four targets with reasonable runtime overhead and performance. In addition, it can successfully deal with occasional missing frames and temporary occlusion.
Sympathetic nerve regulation to heating is altered in senescent rats.

Renal and splanchnic sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) responses to increased (38–41°C) internal temperature were determined in anesthetized young (3–6 mo old), mature (12 mo old), and senescent (2...
Ca2+-induced hydrophobic site on calmodulin: application for purification of calmodulin by phenyl-Sepharose affinity chromatography.

Abstract Calmodulin binds quantitatively to phenyl-Sepharose and octyl-Sepharose affinity columns in the presence of micromolar concentrations of Ca 2+ . In addition to EGTA, calmodulin also can be eluted from these affinity columns with low ionic strength buffer, non-ionic detergent (i.e., 1% Triton X-100), or ethylene glycol (50%), suggesting hydrophobic interaction. Using hydrophobic interaction chromatography calmodulin can be purified to homogeneity from bovine brain homogenate in a single step. For large-scale purification the protein fraction containing calmodulin was concentrated by isoelectric precipitation prior to application to the affinity column. The yield obtained by this procedure (160–180 mg calmodulin per kg brain) is significantly greater, and the time required (∼ 5 hr) is substantially less, than that of previously described procedures for calmodulin purification. It is apparent that phenyl-Sepharose offers several advantages over phenothiazine-Sepharose for affinity purification of calmodulin.
The potential of immuno-probes for locating storage proteins in wheat endosperm and bread.

An anti-gliadin monoclonal antibody (IFRN 0033) raised to total gliadin protein from wheat has been assessed for its ability to recognise, at the ultrastructural level, gluten proteins in grain and bread. An indirect, two-step, immunolabelling procedure using colloidal gold as a readily identifiable marker for electron microscopy was successfully used to locate gluten proteins in wheat and bread. Storage protein bodies in developing grain, and protein matrix in mature grain, were immunolabelled, and there was no cross-reactivity with aleurone proteins or non-storage proteins associated with the endosperm starch. Epitopes recognised by IFRN 0033 were not destroyed by the baking process. IFRN 0033 bound strongly to the cut surface of breadcrumb immunolabelled before embedding, but, apart from isolated fibrils, did not recognise the gluten-gas cell interface.
Short-wavelength input to luminosity-type horizontal cells in the turtle retina.

Abstract The spectral and spatial properties of the photoresponses of luminosity horizontal cells were studied intracellularly in the turtle retina. A bright, full field, short-wavelength stimulus elicited a response which hyperpolarized to an initial transient peak and then sagged to an intermediate level. This transient on response could be eliminated by either decreasing the retinal area illuminated or by changing the color of the stimulus from green to red. The mechanism underlying the transient on response had a large receptive field ( ~ 1.7 mm diameter) and a short-wavelength input, probably from green cones. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that lateral interactions between chromaticity- and luminosity-type horizontal cells exist in the turtle retina.
Electrochemistry of LiMnO2 over an extended potential range

Abstract A kinetic study of potential versus composition was conducted on orthorhombic LiMnO2 over the voltage range of 1.0 to 4.6 V with a variety of electrolyte formulations. The broad potential range enabled studying the electrochemical behaviour of the material over compositions from LiMnO2 to Li0.1MnO2. Substantial differences in the kinetics of the electrochemical processes associated with certain potential ranges were observed.
A boundary element method for steady-state two-dimensional viscous fluid flows and its asymptotic error estimates

In this paper we present a boundary element method to solve steady-state two-dimensional Stokes flows. A numerical scheme is developed. An optimal-order error estimate in energy norm and superconvergence results in L∞ norm are obtained.
EVOLUTIONARY SHIFTS IN THE SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF SPIDER SILKS.

We measured the reflectance properties of unpigmented silks spun by a systematic array of primitive (Deinopoidea) and derived (Araneoidea) aerial, web-spinning spiders, as well as silks spun by Araneomorphae and Mygalomorphae spiders that do not spin aerial webs. Our data show that all of the primitive aerial web spinners produce catching silks with a spectral peak in the ultraviolet (UV), and cladistic analysis suggests that high UV reflection is the primitive character state for silk spectral properties. In contrast, all of the derived aerial web spinners produce silks that are spectrally flat or characterized by reduced reflectance in the UV. Correlated with the evolution of these catching silks is a 37-fold increase in species number and apparent habitat expansion. This suggests that the unique silk proteins spun by the araneoids have been important to their ecological and evolutionary diversity.
Wireless Transport Layer Congestion Control Evaluation

The performance of transport layer protocols can be affected differently due to wireless congestion, as opposed to network congestion. Using an active network evaluation strategy in a real world test-bed experiment, the Transport Control Protocol TCP, Datagram Congestion Control Protocol DCCP, and Stream Control Transport Protocol SCTP were evaluated to determine their effectiveness in terms of throughput, fairness, and smoothness. Though TCP's fairness was shown to suffer in wireless congestion, the results showed that it still outperforms the alternative protocols in both wireless congestion, and network congestion. In terms of smoothness, the TCP-like congestion control algorithm of DCCP did outperform TCP in wireless congestion, but at the expense of throughput and ensuing fairness. SCTP's congestion control algorithm was also found to provide better smoothness in wireless congestion. In fact, it provided smoother throughput performance than in the network congestion.
Evaluating the administration of an office-based health survey in a primary care practice

Self-administered waiting room questionnaires are popular tools for gathering health information from patients, but these data cannot be used for research purposes without confirming adequate sampling of the practice population and assessing the completeness and accuracy of patients' responses. Long-term data collection also requires avoiding an imposition on clinic operations. We developed a protocol to test these questions in a 9-week pilot study of 884 survey-eligible patients visiting a family practice clinic. We found an adequate proportion of eligible patients were approached (74%) and participated (89%), they provided relatively complete (82-98%) and accurate responses, and the impact on office operations was minimal (<2 min of staff time per participant). Some demographic differences in participation and survey item completion were identified. A systematic process for testing survey performance allowed us to not only document these findings, but also to rapidly identify problems and introduce solutions while the survey was in progress.
Vacancy deposition during diffusion-induced grain boundary migration

Stacking-fault tetrahedra have been observed in copper alloyed with zinc by diffusion-induced grain boundary migration. This implies that vacancies are deposited in the material by moving grain bou...
Gaze-evoked amaurosis produced by intraorbital buckshot pellet.

Abstract Objective To report the first case of gaze-evoked amaurosis secondary to an intraocular foreign body and to highlight the characteristic clinical findings of patients with this symptom. Design Case report and review of the literature. Methods Case review, clinical history, electrophysiologic testing, and follow-up. Main outcome measures Visual acuity, automated perimetry, and visual fields. Results A case of gaze-evoked amaurosis as a result of an intraorbital foreign body is described, and 19 additional cases of gaze-evoked amaurosis are reviewed from the English language literature. These cases share certain characteristics including good vision in primary position with deterioration of vision in eccentric gaze; concurrent objective pupillary abnormalities in eccentric gaze; stereotypic onset and recovery of vision; and funduscopic abnormalities consisting of disc edema and chorioretinal folds. Conclusions Gaze-evoked amaurosis is a reliable sign of intraconal mass lesion. We report the first case of gaze-evoked amaurosis secondary to an intraorbital foreign body.
Perron's method for quasilinear hyperbolic systems: Part I

In part I (P. Smith, Perron's method for quasilinear hyperbolic systems, part I, J. Math. Anal., in press) of this paper we defined a notion of viscosity solution (sub- (super-)solution) for these systems, proved a comparison principle for viscosity sub- and supersolutions. Here, in part II, we prove existence of viscosity solutions to the Cauchy problem, using a Perron-like method, for long time, and for all time.