cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling optimal effective bandwidth of page-mode memory for stream-oriented computations

Abstract Memory system performance models have traditionally assumed that individual modules are insensitive to the sequence cf access requests. For current memory components, this assumption is not correct. Furthermore, performance models generally assume a stochastic sequence of reference. For stream-oriented computations, such models of reference are not suitable. This paper derives the optimal effective memory bandwidth achieved by stream-oriented computations at a single module of such memory components.
Neogene stratigraphy, foraminifera, diatoms, and depositional history of Maria Madre Island, Mexico: Evidence of early Neogene marine conditions in the southern Gulf of California

Abstract Foraminifera and diatoms have been analyzed from an upper Miocene through Pleistocene(?) sequence of marine sediments exposed on Maria Madre Island, largest of the Tres Marias Islands off the Pacific coast of Mexico. The Neogene stratigraphic sequence exposed on Maria Madre Island includes a mid-Miocene(?) non-marine and/or shallow marine sandstone unconformably overlain by a lower upper Miocene to uppermost Miocene upper to middle bathyal laminated and massive diatomite, mudstone, and siltstone unit. This unit is unconformably overlain by lower Pliocene middle to lower bathyal sandstones and siltstones which, in turn, are unconformably overlain by upper Pliocene through Pleistocene(?) upper bathyal to upper middle bathyal foraminiferal limestones and siltstones. These beds are unconformably capped by Pleistocene terrace deposits. Basement rocks on the island include Cretaceous granite and granodiorite, and Tertiary(?) andesites and rhyolites. The upper Miocene diatomaceous unit contains a low diversity foraminiferal fauna dominated by species of Bolivina indicating low oxygen conditions in the proto-Gulf Maria Madre basin. The diatomaceous unit grades into a mudstone that contains a latest Miocene upper to middle bathyal biofacies characterized by Baggina californica and Uvigerina hootsi along with displaced neritic taxa. An angular unconformity separates the upper Miocene middle bathyal sediments from overlying lower Pliocene siltstones and mudstones that contain a middle to lower bathyal biofacies and abundant planktonic species including Neogloboquadrina acostaensis and Pulleniatina primalis indicating an early Pliocene age. Significantly, this Pliocene unit contains common occurrences of benthic species restricted to Miocene sediments in California including Bulimina uvigerinaformis. Pliocene to Pleistocene(?) foraminiferal limestones and siltstones characterize submarine bank accumulations formed during uplift of the Tres Marias Island area, and include abundant planktonic foraminifera such as Pulleniatina obliquiloculata and Neogloboquadrina duterteri. Common benthic foraminifera in this unit are indicative of upper bathyal water depths. The Neogene depositional history recorded on Maria Madre Island involves an early late Miocene subsidence event marking formation of the Tres Marias Basin with relatively undiluted diatomaceous sediment deposited in a low oxygen setting. Subsidence and deepening of the basin continued into the early Pliocene along with rapid deposition of terrigenous clastics. Uplift of the basinal sequence began in late Pliocene time accompanied by deposition of upper Pliocene-Pleistocene foraminiferal limestones on a rising submarine bank. Continued episodic uplift of the Neogene deposits brought the island above sea level by late Pleistocene time.
Probe versus free recall

The nature of the probe recall technique was examined in three experiments by comparing probe recall and free recall performance with serial and PA word lists. Experiments I and II showed that: (a) free recall is superior to probe recall with serial input, (b) probe recall is slightly better than free recall with PA lists, (c) performance on PA lists is better than performance on serial lists with probe recall, (d) there is no difference between list types with free recall, and (e) output interference is equally apparent with serial and PA lists. Experiment III showed that the additional requirement of recall of serial order information in free recall reverses the serial-list free recall superiority over probe recall found in Experiments I and II. The implications of the results for choosing recall methods and for characterizing serial and PA input lists were discussed.
Two-step mutation theory for retinoblastoma: Ultrastructural support

This study presents previously unreported ultrastructural support for a model for the incidence of retinoblastoma based upon a two-step mutation theory. Ostensibly uninvolved retina showed rod outer segment atrophy and cone outer segment retention correlating with electroretinography, and obliteration of synaptic development within the outer plexiform layer of the retina. The retinoblastoma obtained at age 9 days demonstrated incipient photoreceptor differentiation within the rosette components and minimal calcification of necrotic regions. A heritable interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 13 is shown to be the basis for this child's congenital retinoblastoma.
Influence of initial root length on physiological responses of cherrybark oak and Shumard oak seedlings to field drought conditions

Abstract One-year-old bareroot seedlings of cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.) and Shumard oak (Quercus shumardii Buckley) were studied to describe their sensitivity to changes in environmental moisture in relation to initial root characteristics at the time of planting. Shumard oak seedlings with greater initial lateral root lengths and shoot heights sustained higher leaf gas exchange rates during both non-drought and drought periods. On the contrary, cherrybark oak seedlings had high leaf water potential (Ψ) and water use efficiency (WUE) and maintained low stomatal conductance (gs). This strategy generally allows for adequate gas exchange while minimizing water loss during drought. Initial lateral root:shoot ratio (LRSR) was negatively related to leaf gas exchange and water status, suggesting that excessive water loss of large seedlings with large root volume may negatively affect their drought hardiness. The responses of these floodplain oak species to drought was likely mediated by the absolute development of root systems at the time of planting and the balance between functioning root absorbing surface and transpirational leaf area. Responses of both species to drought in the subsequent growing seasons must be studied to determine their unique responses to water stress.
Assessing spatiotemporal variability of drought in the U.S. central plains

Abstract This paper examines the change in precipitation from 1900 to 2006 on a regional scale over a portion of the Central United States. Monthly precipitation data is kriged over the Kansas River Basin region. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is calculated at several time scales ranging from 1 to 12 months. The linear trend of SPI values over the time period is calculated and analyzed, showing many areas of increasing wetness throughout the area, with drying in isolated regions of the West and North. These isolated regions of drying overlap regions of heavy water use and irrigation, suggesting possible detrimental effects on agricultural production and aquifer levels if the trend continues. With the areas of increasing trend, however, it is unclear whether increased precipitation actually signifies any increase in water availability. Fourier analysis is also used to detect characteristic frequencies of SPI values. No difference in drought frequency patterns across the region was observed.
Psychology and philosophy: Toward a realignment, 1905-1935

In the first decade of this century, debates over whether psychology should be affiliated with philosophy or the natural sciences signaled the discipline's withdrawal from philosophy. By the 1930s, however, talk of a rapprochement between psychology and philosophy was common in the psychological literature. This paper traces the changes in philosophy which facilitated that rapprochement and examines psychology's role in the development of logical positivism. Bertrand Russell introduced Watsonian behaviorism to the Vienna Circle via his reformulation of epistemology in behavioristic terms. Under the further influence of Neurath and Popper, Carnap led the Vienna Circle to abandon Mach's phenomenalistic stance and adopt physicalist language as the basis of science. Physicalism entailed a version of behaviorism less restrictive than Watson's and was thus received favorably by many neo-behaviorists. Whereas Thorndike and Watson had been unsympathetic toward philosophy, each of the major neo-behaviorists (Skinner, Tolman, Hull, and Guthrie) had significant contact with the new positivist philosophy.
Three-dimensional microfluidic tissue-engineering scaffolds using a flexible biodegradable polymer

Organ loss and failure is one of the most critical issues facing the healthcare industry in developed nations. The shortage of available organ donors has driven the growth and expansion of the field of tissue engineering as a means of developing replacement tissues and organs[1,2] including the liver.[3] Microfabrication and bio-microelectromechanical system (bio-MEMS) technology is an attractive tool for developing tissue-engineering systems because of the improved spatial resolutions over traditional scaffold fabrication techniques such as casting and porogen leaching,[4] gas foaming,[5] and three-dimensional printing.[6] Polymer scaffolds replica-molded on micromachined silicon substrates can achieve feature resolutions of less than 10 µm,[7] the same lengthscale of mammalian cells. Microfluidic bioreactors have been both fabricated and seeded with a variety of cell types, including endothelial cells[7–10] and hepatocytes.[10–12] However, one limiting factor in previous studies of microfluidic scaffolds has been the choice of material. Microfabricated silicon and replica-molded poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), although ubiquitous and inexpensive, are not biodegradable and have limited biocompatibility, and therefore are not suitable biomaterials for a tissue-engineering scaffold. Microfluidic scaffolds fabricated from poly(L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA),[13] while biodegradable, exhibit suboptimal properties for an implant material, such as rigid mechanical properties,[14] undesirable bulk degradation kinetics,[15] and limited biocompatibility in some cases.[16] High concentrations of PLGA byproducts has also been shown to be cytotoxic,[17] which is a major limitation in the prospect of fabricating large, organ-size scaffolds.
BD focalpoint slide profiler performance with atypical glandular cells on SurePath Papanicolaou smears.

BACKGROUND: The FocalPoint Slide Profiler is an automated cervical cytology screening system that is approved for primary screening. It identifies up to 25% of slides as requiring No Further Review. However, few studies have evaluated FocalPoint performance with glandular abnormalities. METHODS: Sixty-six SurePath Papanicolaou (Pap) tests with a diagnosis of atypical glandular cells were identified. A total of 172 Pap tests with a diagnosis of “endometrial cells present” were included as controls. Follow-up histology was abnormal if diagnosed as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, adenocarcinoma in situ, carcinoma, or complex endometrial hyperplasia. The FocalPoint software ranked each case into 1 of 7 categories: quintiles 1 (high risk) through 5 (low risk), No Further Review, and Process Review. RESULTS: A total of 215 slides were qualified for review; 38 (57.6%) atypical glandular cells cases were abnormal on follow-up biopsy, and 27 (71.1%) atypical glandular cells with abnormal follow-up qualified for review; no cases were classified No Further Review, and 9 (33%) were ranked in quintile 1. Twenty-three (82.1%) atypical glandular cells with benign follow-up were qualified for review; 3 (11%) cases were classified No Further Review, and 4 (17%) were ranked in quintile 1. There was a statistically significant difference between the ranking of benign atypical glandular cells cases, abnormal atypical glandular cells cases, and control cases (P = .03). However, when collapsed into No Further Review versus all other quintiles, the differences were not significant (P = .20). CONCLUSIONS: The FocalPoint Slide Profiler did not classify glandular lesions with abnormal follow-up in the No Further Review category. However, these cases were not preferentially ranked in quintile 1. FocalPoint-screened slides need to be carefully reviewed for glandular abnormalities, regardless of the quintile ranking. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Copper metallurgy as a diagnostic tool for analysis of the origin of building fires

Copper debris originating from electrical wiring, fixtures, or electrical machinery, is frequently found in building fire residues. Changes in macro- and microstructure of this copper can be explicitly related to exposure temperature, time, ambient oxygen or foreign materials, mechanical stress, and the initial condition of the metal. The circumstances under which such changes can or cannot be regarded as proof of the cause and origin of the fire are outlined.
Theory of the Interferometric Determination of the Refractive Indices of Multiple-Index Fibers Having Irregular Transverse Cross Sections

A formula is derived that relates interferometer and transverse area measurements to the indices of refraction of a multiple-index fiber having an irregular transverse cross section composed of irregularly shaped regions characterized by these refractive indices. From this formula, an equation is obtained for the average index of refraction of such a fiber. Two methods are suggested for recovering the separate indices of refraction from equations based on the general formula.
Asymmetry of cortical decline in subtypes of primary progressive aphasia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to provide quantitative measures of changes in cortical atrophy over a 2-year period associated with 3 subtypes of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) using whole-brain vertex-wise and region-of-interest (ROI) neuroimaging methods. The purpose was to quantitate disease progression, establish an empirical basis for clinical expectations, and provide outcome measures for therapeutic trials. Methods: Changes in cortical thickness and volume loss as well as neuropsychological performance were assessed at baseline and 2-year follow-up in 26 patients who fulfilled criteria for logopenic (8 patients), agrammatic (10 patients), and semantic (8 patients) PPA subtypes. Whole-brain vertex-wise and ROI imaging analysis were conducted using the FreeSurfer longitudinal pipeline. Results: Clinical deficits and cortical atrophy patterns showed distinct patterns of change among the subtypes over 2 years. Results confirmed that progression for each of the 3 subtypes showed left greater than right hemisphere asymmetry. An ROI analysis also revealed that progression was greater within, rather than outside, the language network. Conclusions: Preferential neurodegeneration of the left hemisphere language network is a common denominator for all 3 PPA subtypes, even as the disease progresses. Using a focal cortical language network ROI as an outcome measure of disease progression appears to be more sensitive than whole-brain or ventricular volume measures of change and may be helpful for designing future clinical trials in PPA.
The West Wing as a Pedagogical Tool

ing force behind the series. Sorkin, who created ABC's critically praised but short-lived Sports Night and who wrote A Few Good Men, has created here a cast of smart, engaging characters led by President Josiah Bartlet (Martin Sheen), a liberal Democrat hailing from New Hampshire. Bartlet appears to share much of Bill Clinton's ideological sympathies, but his stable family life saves him from the embarrassments of Bill
Leveraging IEEE 1641 for Tester-Independent ATE Software

Three critical issues for semiconductor test development are test reuse, portability, and translation from design information. In the military/aerospace market, the IEEE standard for signal and test definition (IEEE 1641-2004) addresses similar requirements and may be highly relevant to the semi-test domain. The authors evaluate this standard's applicability to semi-test mixed signal use cases for possible direct use as, or inspiration for, a hardware-independent tester interface for ATE.
Identifying the Classics: An Examination of Articles Published in the Journal of Pediatric Psychology from 1976–2006

OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present investigation was to identify the top 100 most highly cited "classic" articles in the Journal of Pediatric Psychology, from 1976 to 2006. METHODS The Cited Reference search option of the Web of Science(R) was used, which allows for identification of variations in citations. RESULTS One-hundred and four classic articles ranging in citations from 46 to 192 (M = 71.66, SD = 31.15) were identified. These articles were found to be mostly applied research that focused predominantly on children across several age groups with chronic illness. Citation trends among the classics revealed an inverted-u shape relationship between year since publication and citations per year, which peaked around seven years after publication. CONCLUSIONS The current findings highlight some of the influential works in the field, which have contributed to important advances not only the field of pediatric psychology but other fields as well.
Parameter optimization of a computer-aided diagnosis scheme for the segmentation of microcalcification clusters in mammograms.

Our purpose in this study is to develop a parameter optimization technique for the segmentation of suspicious microcalcification clusters in digitized mammograms. In previous work, a computeraided diagnosis ~CAD! scheme was developed that used local histogram analysis of overlapping subimages and a fuzzy rule-based classifier to segment individual microcalcifications, and clustering analysis for reducing the number of false positive clusters. The performance of this previous CAD scheme depended on a large number of parameters such as the intervals used to calculate fuzzy membership values and on the combination of membership values used by each decision rule. These parameters were optimized empirically based on the performance of the algorithm on the training set. In order to overcome the limitations of manual training and rule generation, the segmentation algorithm was modified in order to incorporate automatic parameter optimization. For the segmentation of individual microcalcifications, the new algorithm used a neural network with fuzzy-scaled inputs. The fuzzy-scaled inputs were created by processing the histogram features with a family of membership functions, the parameters of which were automatically extracted from the distribution of the feature values. The neural network was trained to classify feature vectors as either positive or negative. Individual microcalcifications were segmented from positive subimages. After clustering, another neural network was trained to eliminate false positive clusters. A database of 98 images provided training and testing sets to optimize the parameters and evaluate the CAD scheme, respectively. The performance of the algorithm was evaluated with a FROC analysis. At a sensitivity rate of 93.2%, there was an average of 0.8 false positive clusters per image. The results are very comparable with those taken using our previously published rule-based method. However, the new algorithm is more suited to generalize its performance on a larger population, depends on two monotonic outputs making its evaluation much easier and can be trained in an automatic way making practical its application on a large database. © 2002 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. @DOI: 10.1118/1.1460874#
Tunable far-IR detectors/filters based on plasmons in two-dimensional electron gases in InGaAs/InP heterostructures

Plasmons can be generated with photons in the two dimensional electron gas (2-deg) of high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). Because the plasmon frequency at a given wavevector depends on sheet charge density, a gate bias can tune the plasmon resonance. This effect allows a properly designed HEMT to be used as a voltage-tunable narrow-band detector or filter. This work reports on both the theory and design of such a device in the InP materials system and discusses its potential uses. By using a sub-micron grating to couple incident radiation to a high sheet charge 2-deg, a minimum detectible wavelength of roughly 26 microns is obtained. Fabrication issues, terahertz response, and tunability are discussed. Because of its small size, this novel device could find use in spaceborne remote sensing application.
Acute Profound Thrombocytopenia After c7E3 Fab (Abciximab) Therapy

Background Platelets play a crucial role in the ischemic complications of percutaneous coronary procedures. The recent availability of c7E3 Fab (abciximab; ReoPro), a chimeric monoclonal antibody Fab fragment directed against the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor, has reduced abrupt closure and other adverse clinical events and lessened the need for revascularization procedures. As experience accrues, rare cases of acute profound thrombocytopenia have been revealed. Methods and Results From November 1991 to July 1996, patients at Duke University Medical Center who underwent percutaneous coronary revascularization and received their first exposure to c7E3 Fab were evaluated for the development of acute profound thrombocytopenia, defined as a platelet count <20×109/L occurring within 24 hours of initial treatment. Four patients (0.5%) developed acute profound thrombocytopenia within 11 to 21 hours of receiving the c7E3 Fab bolus. Nadir platelet counts ranged from 1 to 16×109/L and occurred within 11 t...
Sexual orientation, substance use behaviors and substance dependence in the United States.

Aims To assess past-year prevalence rates of substance use behaviors and substance dependence across three major dimensions of sexual orientation (identity, attraction and behavior) in a large national sample of adult women and men in the United States. Design Data were collected from structured diagnostic face-to-face interviews using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule DSM-IV version IV (AUDADIS-IV). Setting Prevalence estimates were based on data collected from the 2004–2005 (wave 2) National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Participants A large national sample of 34 653 adults aged 20 years and older: 52% female, 71% white, 12% Hispanic, 11% African American, 4% Asian and 2% Native American. Findings Approximately 2% of the population self-identified as lesbian, gay or bisexual; 4% reported at least one life-time same-sex sexual partner and 6% reported same-sex sexual attraction. Although non-heterosexual orientation was generally associated with a higher risk of substance use and substance dependence, the majority of sexual minority respondents did not report substance use or meet criteria for DSM-IV substance dependence. There was considerable variation in substance use outcomes across sexual orientation dimensions; these variations were more pronounced among women than among men. Conclusions Results support previous research findings of heightened risk of substance use and substance dependence among some sexual minority groups and point to the need for research that examines the reasons for such differences. Results also highlight important gender differences and question previous findings indicating uniformly higher risk for substance dependence among sexual minorities. Risks appear to vary based on gender and how sexual orientation is defined. Findings have implications for more effective prevention and intervention efforts that target subgroups at greatest risk.
A Program to Enhance Recruitment and Retention of Disadvantaged and Ethnically Diverse Baccalaureate Nursing Students

Purpose: To describe and evaluate the use of a “Success in Learning: Individualized Pathways Program (SLIPP)” to retain and graduate disadvantaged and ethnically diverse nursing students. Design: A...
A comparison of mercury cycling in Lakes Michigan and Superior

ABSTRACT Mercury cycling in Lake Superior and Lake Michigan was evaluated based on measurements of mercury levels, modeling of evasional fluxes, and development of first-order mass balance models. Total mercury, methylmercury, and dissolved gaseous mercury were measured on sampling cruises in Lake Michigan (2005) and Lake Superior (2006). Average total mercury concentrations in unfiltered surface water were higher in Lake Michigan (420 ± 40 pg/L) compared to Lake Superior (210 ± 20 pg/L). Methylmercury levels were below the detection limit in Lake Michigan. Larger sample volumes were collected to lower detection limits in Lake Superior in 2006 and methylmercury levels averaged 7 ± 6 pg/L. Dissolved gaseous mercury concentrations were also higher in Lake Michigan (27 ± 7 pg/L) compared to Lake Superior (14 ± 8 pg/L). Evasional fluxes were estimated using a two-film model for air-water exchange. The annual evasional flux in Lake Michigan was determined to be ∼380 kg/yr from Lake Michigan and ∼160 kg/yr from...
Arrested Development? Comparing Educational Leadership Students With National Norms on Moral Reasoning

Purpose: The public expects school leaders to be moral exemplars, yet prior research indicates that teachers and, more recently, school principals may score lower than other career groups on a widely used measure of moral reasoning, the Defining Issues Test. Moreover, little empirical research has been conducted on educators during leadership preparation in graduate school. The purpose of this research was to create a baseline profile for moral reasoning in educational leadership/administration graduate students in one Southern state and to compare their scores with a composite national average for graduate students across disciplines to see if educational interventions are needed. Research Design: In the summer of 2012, the updated Defining Issues Test–2 was offered via e-mail as an online questionnaire to 539 master’s, educational specialist, and doctoral students in the five advanced-track schools in the study state. The questionnaire also gathered data on the students’ demographics and the virtual tes...
Management of mandibular fractures.

Fifteen years ago, writing an article with the title “Management of Mandibular Fractures” would have been a much easier task than it is today. Few areas of otolaryngology/head and neck surgery have experienced changes of the magnitude of those impacting on the management of maxillofacial trauma. A comprehensive review article on the subject of mandibular fractures will necessarily reflect the several biases of the author. As one with extensive experience in the successful application of conventional, prerigid fixation techniques to mandibular fractures, I was slow to accept the new hardware. Early published reports of results by surgeons in the United States documented complication rates that were unacceptable to me. I was confident that surgeons with limited traditional experience were too quick to adopt systems more exacting and unforgiving than those not yet mastered. In truth, I still believe that many of my fears and misgivings have basis in fact. Nevertheless, rigid internal fixation devices are here to stay and are now the treatment of choice for several types of mandibular fractures.
Magnetic group maximal subgroups of index ≤4

The one-, two- and three-dimensional magnetic space groups and the two- and three-dimensional magnetic subperiodic groups are considered. The maximal subgroups of index < or =4 of a representative group of each type in the reduced superfamilies of these magnetic groups are tabulated.
A Hassle a Day May Keep the Doctor Away: Stress and the Augmentation of Immune Function

Stress may be defined as a sequence of events, that begins with a stimulus (stressor), that is recognized by the brain (stress perception), and which results in the activation of physiologic fight/flight/fright systems within the body (stress response). Many evolutionary selection pressures are stressors, and one of the primary functions of the brain is to perceive stress, warn the body of danger, and enable an organism to respond. We hypothesized that under acute conditions, just as the stress response prepares the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems for fight or flight, it may also prepare the immune system for challenges (e.g., wounding) which may be imposed by a stressor (e.g., an aggressor). Initial studies showed that acute (2h) stress induced a significant trafficking of immune cells to the skin. Since the skin is an organism's major protective barrier, we hypothesized that this leukocyte redistribution may serve to enhance skin immunity during acute stress. We tested this hypothesis using the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction, which mediates resistance to various infectious agents, as a model for skin immune function. Acute stress administered immediately before antigen exposure significantly enhanced skin DTH. Adrenalectomy (ADX) eliminated the stress-induced enhancement of DTH while administration of physiological doses of corticosterone and/or epinephrine to ADX animals enhanced skin DTH in the absence of stress. These studies showed that changes in leukocyte distribution and circulating stress hormones are systemic mediators of the immunoenhancing effects of acute stress. We recently identified gamma interferon as a local cytokine mediator of a stress-induced immunoenhancement. Our results suggest that during acute stress the brain sends preparatory warning signals to the immune system just as it does to other fight/flight systems of the body.
Enhancing the interpretation of x‐ray photoelectron spectra using numerical methods

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has long been used as a surface analytical method for the determination of elemental composition and chemistry of a material. Small-area analysis allows the comparison of different areas of a sample surface, while sputter depth profiling makes profiling makes it possible to follow the specific chemistry as a function of depth. Often in XPS, peak overlap or sutble changes in chemistry may sometimes make the chemical-state analysis of the elements in a material difficult
Economic implications of B2B electronic markets: the private and social desirability of information transparency

This paper explores the private and social desirability of information transparency of a B2B exchange that provides an online platform for information transmission. The abundance of transaction data available on the Internet tends to make information more transparent in B2B electronic markets. In such a transparent environment, it becomes easier for firms to obtain information that may allow them to infer their rivals' costs than in a traditional, opaque market. Then, how does this benefit firms participating in the B2B exchanges? To what extent does information transparency affect consumers and the social welfare in a broader sense? Focusing on the informational effects, this study explores firms' incentives to join a B2B exchange by developing a game-theoretic model under asymmetric information. We then examine its effect on expected profits, consumer surplus, and social welfare. Our results challenge the "information transparency hypothesis" (i.e., open sharing of information in electronic markets is beneficial to all participating firms). In contrast to the popular belief we show that information transparency could be a double-edged sword. Although its overall effect on social welfare is positive, its private desirability is deeply divided between producers and consumers, and even among producers themselves.
A programmable fenestration system for residential use: functional, social and aesthetic qualities

This paper presents a programmable facade that contributes significant reduction in energy consumption by regulating the incoming sunlight into the interior of a residential building. Electrochromic and liquid crystal technologies allow the modification of thermal transmittance and view, which are controlled by a model-based plan executive. Except from operating as climate moderator the facade functions as an interface mediating the dynamics between inside and outside, public and private. The interaction design challenge is how to renew the role of the facade to provide new ways of association between the private environment of the house and the public environment of the street, the residents among themselves and their neighbors, and ultimately the house and its urban context.
Direct product decomposition of theories of modules

This paper is mainly concerned with describing complete theories of modules by decomposing them (up to elementary equivalence) into direct products of simpler modules. In §1, I give a decomposition theorem which works for arbitrary direct product theories T. Given such a T, I define T-indecomposable structures and show that every model of T is elementarily equivalent to a direct product of T-indecomposable models of T. In §2, I show that if R is a commutative ring then every R-module is elementarily equivalent to ΠMM where M ranges over the maximal ideals of R and M is the localization of at M. This is applied to prove that if R is a commutative von Neumann regular ring and TR is the theory of R-modules then the TR-indecomposables are precisely the cyclic modules of the form R/M where M is a maximal ideal. In §3, I use the decomposition established in §2 to characterize the ω1-categorical and ω-stable modules over a countable commutative von Neumann regular ring and the superstable modules over a commutative von Neumann regular ring of arbitrary cardinality. In the process, I also prove several general characterizations of ω-stable and superstable modules; e.g., if R is any countable ring, then an R-moduIe is ω-stable if and only if every R-module elementarily equivalent to it is equationally compact.
The pK of the amino terminal groups of carbonmonoxy- and deoxyhemoglobin measured by dinitrophenylation in phosphate buffers

Abstract The rate of reaction of the terminal valines of the α- and β-chains of hemoglobin with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was followed spectrophotometrically at 353 nm. The variation with pH of the rate of dinitrophenylation of these groups was measured for both carbonmonoxy- and deoxyhemoglobin. In carbonmonoxyhemoglobin the results indicated a p K near 6.7 and 7.7 for the amino terminal groups of the two kinds of subunils, and were attributed to the α- and β-chains respectively. Removal of ligands produced an increase of 0.1 in both p K values and a decrease of 40% of the pH-independent kinetic constant for dinitrophenylation of the β-subunits. These modifications are due to the conformational changes associated with ligand binding in the system. In phosphate buffers the contribution to the Bohr effect of the amino terminal residues of either chains is negligible.
Acetyl-coenzyme A synthase: the case for a Ni(p)(0)-based mechanism of catalysis.

Acetyl-CoA synthase (also known as carbon monoxide dehydrogenase) is a bifunctional Ni-Fe-S-containing enzyme that catalyzes the reversible reduction of CO2 to CO and the synthesis of acetyl-coenzyme A from CO, CoA, and a methyl group donated by a corrinoid iron-sulfur protein. The active site for the latter reaction, called the A-cluster, consists of an Fe4S4 cubane bridged to the proximal Ni site (Nip), which is bridged in turn to the so-called distal Ni site. In this review, evidence is presented that Nip achieves a zero-valent state at low potentials and during catalysis. Nip appears to be the metal to which CO and methyl groups bind and then react to form an acetyl-Nip intermediate. Methyl group binding requires reductive activation, where two electrons reduce some site on the A-cluster. The coordination environment of the distal Ni suggests that it could not be stabilized in redox states lower than 2+. The rate at which the [Fe4S4]2+ cubane is reduced is far slower than that at which reductive activation occurs, suggesting that the cubane is not the site of reduction. An intriguing possibility is that Nip2+ might be reduced to the zero-valent state. Reinforcing this idea are Ni-organometallic complexes in which the Ni exhibits analogous reactivity properties when reduced to the zero-valent state. A zero-valent Ni stabilized exclusively with biological ligands would be remarkable and unprecedented in biology.
Analysis and mitigation of NBTI aging in register file: An end-to-end approach

Analysis and tackling of NBTI wearout effects are important design objectives in microprocessor designs. Application induced stress, combined with circuit-architectural design styles creates widely diverging wearout characteristics in a processor datapath. Moreover, in a typical case in desktop computing, different applications can interleave. This interleaving can cause destructive interference in stress patterns leading to substantially worse aging effect than an isolated application. We investigate NBTI wearout degradation in a register file using a comprehensive circuit-architectural analysis of SRAM cells, and show that recently proposed periodic bit inversion is unable to cope with interleaving application induced stress. We propose two novel micro-architecture techniques to mitigate this limitation. Our techniques reduce the Static Noise Margin (SNM) by 2.2X, while improving the degradation uncertainty by 14X over current state-of-the-art techniques. Our overhead analysis shows that both area and power overheads of our proposed technique can be minimal in the context of the reliability improvement it provides.
Gender identity and adjustment in middle childhood.

This article has two purposes. The first is to present a brief (and speculative) account of the developmental origins of the several components of gender identity featured in the multidimensional model of gender identity proposed by Egan and Perry (2001). The second is to offer additional empirical support for the construct and discriminant validity of the various gender identity dimensions. Children (M age = 11.5 years) were assessed for 4 components of gender identity: (a) felt gender typicality, (b) contentment with gender assignment, (c) felt pressure for gender conformity, and (d) intergroup bias (the sentiment that one's own sex is superior). Gender typicality, gender contentedness, and felt pressure (but not intergroup bias) related to indexes of psychosocial adjustment in specific and theoretically meaningful ways. The case for a multidimensional approach to gender identity is strengthened.
Continuing Medical Education in Alcoholism and Drug Abuse: A Formula for Success

Continuing Medical Education in the field of alcoholism and drug abuse is problematic for several reasons (Brown, 1979). For many physicians, past education in this area is totally lacking, or worse, is harmful. Negative attitudes toward the substance abuser and pessimism about recovery plague medical professionals and their all too common chemically dependent patients. Many physicians have been “used” by the drug abusers or the pharmaceutical industry as pushers of psychoactive drugs. Yet most physicians are not aware of the frequency of hidden substance abuse in their patients because of the stigmatized nature of the illness and a lack of sophistication in physician history taking about psychoactive drug use. The hardest problem encountered by substance abuse educators is leading the horse to water. Many continuing medical education (CME) courses in substance abuse have been offered in recent months around the country, often suffering from under-registration by physicians and often from last minute cancellation when budgetary minima are not met.
Beer Availability and College Football Attendance: Evidence From Mid-Major Conferences

We examine the relationship between beer being sold at college football stadiums and both attendance and football revenue for 29 mid-major universities over the 2005-2012 period. Using both ordinary least squares and instrumental variable estimation, no evidence that beer availability increases attendance or football revenue is found.
Comparison of electroantennogram responses by females of the black swallowtail butterfly, Papilio polyxenes, to volatiles from two host-plant species

Females of many butterfly species make use of visual cues and nonvolatile chemicals on the plant surface to recognize their host plants for oviposition. For the black swallowtail butterfly, Papilio polyxenes F. (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae), whose host range in North America includes various species of Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), plant odor provides additional cues for host plant selection. Volatiles from carrot (Daucus carota L.), a typical host species, increased both the landing frequency of females and the number of eggs laid in laboratory experiments with surrogate plants (Feeny et al., 1989).
Incontinence and the older woman

A vital message to convey to health care providers and to women who struggle with urinary incontinence is that female urinary problems may be significantly improved, reversed, or prevented by judicious application of current technologies. Control of female incontinence is particularly important in light of the aging trend and the need to prevent excess disability; therefore, any way in which women can be assisted in maintaining physical functioning, including voluntary control of urination, is important to avoid the dire physical and psychosocial consequences that accompany incontinence.
Delayed presentation of an arteriovenous malformation after cerebellar hemangioblastoma resection—Case report

Introduction Haemangioblastoma has been uncommonly reported to occur in coexistence either temporally or spatially with the development of an arteriovenous malformations (AVM). We present a case of a delayed AVM following haemangioblastoma resection.
Repetition priming of words and nonwords in Alzheimer's disease and normal aging.

There has been considerable interest in repetition priming—defined as faster or more accurate processing of a repeated stimulus due to its prior processing—in elderly normal (EN) and probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD) individuals. In repetition priming paradigms, participants are generally not told about any possible relationship between the initial and later occurrences of stimulus items; thus, these paradigms are implicit tests of memory. This is in contrast to episodic memory paradigms in which specific mention is usually made of previous experience with the stimulus items, and participants are asked to recall previously seen items or to make “yes”/ “no” recognition judgments for previously seen and foil items; these paradigms are explicit tests of memory. Dissociations between repetition priming and episodic/event memory performance have often been found in AD and normal aging, with deficits on episodic memory tasks (to a much greater extent for AD than for EN groups), in the face of normal performance on repetition priming tasks (Craik & Rose, 2012; Zacks & Hasher, 2006). A particularly interesting aspect of lexical decision repetition is that nonwords can be repeated; in this case, a performance decrement is sometimes found for word-like nonwords, presumably because they become more difficult to distinguish from real words in some way (e.g., McKoon & Ratcliff, 1979, Exp. 2). Prior to describing the design features and specific rationale for the current study of repetition priming in AD, we will provide a brief overview of repetition findings in AD and normal aging, discuss the advantages of utilizing lexical decision as a repetition priming task, and review models of lexical decision and repetition priming.
Stretchable inductor with liquid magnetic core

Adding magnetic materials is a well-established method for improving performance of inductors. However, traditional magnetic cores are rigid and poorly suited for the emerging field of stretchable electronics, where highly deformable inductors are used to wirelessly couple power and data signals. In this work, stretchable inductors are demonstrated based on the use of ferrofluids, magnetic liquids based on distributed magnetic particles, to create a compliant magnetic core. Using a silicone molding technique to create multi-layer fluidic channels, a liquid metal solenoid is fabricated around a ferrofluid channel. An analytical model is developed for the effects of mechanical strain, followed by experimental verification using two different ferrofluids with different permeabilities. Adding ferrofluid was found to increase the unstrained inductance by up to 280% relative to a similar inductor with a non-magnetic silicone core, while retaining the ability to survive uniaxial strains up to 100%.
Extending Clinical Practice to Medicine

The following article is first in the series of articles of this Special Issue. The prominence of need and use of Psychological Services in Medicine is identified. Key studies highlighting the effectiveness of interventions by Medical Psychologists are explained. Comments regarding the utility of inclusion of Medical Psychology in Medicine, use of assessment and future directions are presented.
Analysis of National Surveillance of Schistosomiasis in a City during 2005-2010

Objective To understand the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis and influential factors based on national surveillance in Yangzhong city,so as to provide scientific evidences for making out prevention and control measures.Methods According to the national surveillance scheme on schistosomiasis,from 2005 to 2010,a longitudinal survey of schistosomiasis was carried out in Shicheng village,Yangzhong city,Jiangsu province,a national schistosomiasis surveillance site.Results The area with snails,the occurrence rate of frames with living snails,the average density of living snails,the snail infection and the positive rate of serum in residents were 16.43hm2,42.17%,1.27No./0.1m2,0No./0.1m2,1.81%in 2005.The area with snails,the occurrence rate of frames with living snails,the average density of living snails,the snail infection and the positive rate of serum in residents were 16.43hm2,3.92%,0.02No./0.1m2,0No./0.1m2,0.51%in 2010.The occurrence rate of frames with living snails,the average density of living snails,and the positive rate of serum in residents in 2010 declined 90.70%,98.43%and 71.82%,respectively compared with those in 2005.Conclusions The endemic situation of schistosomiasis in the national surveillance sites in Yangzhong is controled from 2005 to 2010,but snails still exist,the comprehensive control in marshland and surveillance of infectious sources should be strengthened.
Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Reveals Signaling Mechanisms Associated with Rapid Cold Hardening in a Chill-Tolerant Fly.

Rapid cold hardening (RCH) is a physiological adaptation in which brief chilling (minutes to hours) significantly enhances the cold tolerance of insects. RCH allows insects to cope with sudden cold snaps and diurnal variation in temperature, but the mechanistic basis of this rapid stress response is poorly understood. Here, we used phosphoproteomics to identify phosphorylation-mediated signaling events that are regulated by chilling that induces RCH. Phosphoproteomic changes were measured in both brain and fat bodies, two tissues that are essential for sensing cold and coordinating RCH at the organismal level. Tissues were chilled ex vivo, and changes in phosphoprotein abundance were measured using 2D electrophoresis coupled with Pro-Q diamond labeling of phosphoproteins followed by protein identification via LC–MS/MS. In both tissues, we observed an abundance of protein phosphorylation events in response to chilling. Some of the proteins regulated by RCH-inducing chilling include proteins involved in cyt...