cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hidden Meaning: Andrew Lang, H. Rider Haggard, Sigmund Freud, and Interpretation

This essay examines the role Andrew Lang played in the circulation of ideas within and among the fields of anthropology, literature, and psychoanalysis in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Lang popularized anthropologist Edward Tylor’s theories about myth, and championed them against those of the philologist Max Muller. He provided the occasion for novelist H. Rider Haggard’s engagement with these ideas in the novel She, which Haggard dedicated to him, and he drew upon these theories of myth in essays that explain the value of Haggard’s novels. Finally, both Haggard’s novel and Lang’s anthropological writing shaped the work of Sigmund Freud. Attention to Lang’s role as a transmitter of the ideas of others across genres and disciplines allows us to see how central the problem of interpretation was to the disciplinary formation of anthropology, literature, and psychoanalysis.
A Closed Rovibrational Energy Formula Based on a Modified Kratzer Potential

Abstract The energy eigenvalue expression for a diatomic vib-rotor with the simple Kratzer potential D e [( r − r e )/ r ] 2 {xmathmode}approximates poorly most of the anharmonic and rotation–vibration interaction terms, as shown by its expansion in a Dunham-type series and comparison with experimentally determined Dunham Y ij coefficients. To correct this behavior, the expression was modified by terms dependent on the vibrational and rotational quantum numbers built directly into the formula. The formula thus modified turns out to be a useful alternative to the Dunham expansion for not-too-long progressions or sequences of rovibrational bands as it provides a precision of fit better or at least comparable to the Dunham series with the same number of adjustable parameters. Application of this modified energy expression to individual bands (such as fundamental bands) is shown to yield accurate estimates for equilibrium rotational constants B e and equilibrium internuclear distances r e which are in many cases better than values obtained from standard power series analyses of single bands. Useful estimates are also obtained for the zero-order vibrational frequencies ω e and for the positions of the lower overtone or combination bands. Such information is otherwise not accessible from a conventional analysis of an individual band.
ADM9240/ADM1021/ADM1024 test methodology

This paper deals with the methodology used in the test development of the ADM9240, ADM1021 and ADM1024 hardware monitoring devices. It will concentrate on the design for testability (DFT) features incorporated into the devices, which enable the competing goals of high quality levels and minimum test cost to be achieved. Many DFT features were implemented in these devices but this paper will concentrate on two in particular, the analogue to digital converter (ADC) test features and the digital core test features. Firstly we look at the application for the devices, and the subsequent customer requirements. We then examine the ADM1021 device in particular and highlight the testability problems with the part if a DFT approach was not taken. The details of the DFT approach taken, and the benefits of this approach will then be discussed. Lastly we will look at how the approach is being developed and refined for future products.
Heparin treatment for post-partum renal failure with microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia.

Abstract Acute renal failure and a microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia developed in a 25-year-old woman 2 weeks after a normal pregnancy. Renal biopsy showed deposition of fibrin within the lumen and the vessel walls of the renal arterioles. The case is similar to others with a syndrome thought to be irreversible; significant improvement in renal function followed heparin therapy in this patient. It is suggested that the syndrome may be due to a renal vasospastic reaction to oxytocic drugs together with the enhanced coagulation mechanisms of the early puerperium.
The glycemic effects of antihypertensive medications

Older antihypertensive medications are believed to be associated with metabolic disturbances, especially raised glucose levels. Owing to this, many physicians shun their use. Newer antihypertensive medications are metabolically neutral or metabolically favorable; therefore, they are looked upon favorably and are chosen as primary medications for the treatment of hypertension. Here we review the literature on the glucose effects of older and newer antihypertensive medications. We also consider what, if any, impact these metabolic effects have on cardiovascular disease outcomes. We show that the diabetogenic effects of thiazide diuretics and beta blockers are small relative to the glucose effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and calcium channel blockers, and that over time, the glucose differences between older and newer medications diminish. Importantly, we show that the diabetogenic effects of older antihypertensive medications do not translate into increased cardiovascular disease risk.
Effects of triadimefon on a multiple schedule of fixed-interval performance: comparison with methylphenidate, d-amphetamine and chlorpromazine.

Abstract Triadimefon is a fungicide that has recently been shown to increase motor activity and rates of schedule-controlled responding. These findings indicate that triadimefon resembles psychomotor stimulants and in this respect is a unique pesticide. The present experiment was designed to evaluate triadimefon's effects on performance maintained by a multiple schedule of reinforcement and to compare triadimefon to known psychomotor stimulants. Four rats were trained to perform under a mult FI 1-min FI 5-min schedule of milk reinforcement. They then received a series of dosages of triadimefon (10–170 mg/kg, IP) and of methylphenidate (1–17.3 mg/kg, IP) in a counterbalanced order. Triadimefon increased response rates in both the FI 1-min and FI 5-min components. Methylphenidate did not consistently alter response rates in either component. Temporal patterns of responding were disrupted much more in the FI 5-min component than in the FI 1-min component by both triadimefon and methylphenidate. Performances were then evaluated following a series of dosages of d -amphetamine (0.3–3.0 mg/kg, IP) and chlorpromazine (0.5–2.0 mg/kg, IP). Response rates were increased d -amphetamine in the FI 1-min component but not in the FI 5-min component. Like triadimefon and methylphenidate, d -amphetamine produced a greater disruption of response patterning in FI 5-min than in FI 1-min. Only chlorpromazine decreased response rates in both components. Chlorpromazine also disrupted FI 5-min response patterning, but left FI 1-min patterning intact. Although triadimefon did not closely resemble any of the comparison drugs, it had opposite effects on response rates from chlorpromazine in both components of the schedule and resembled d -amphetamine in its effects on FI 1-min response rates. The rate-increasing effects frequently obtained with psychomotor stimulants were more evident for triadimefon than for either methylphenidate or d -amphetamine.
Comment on revised quasilinear equations dealing with wave-number spectra

We wish to point out that the revised quasilinear equations found recently by Klozenberg & Bernstein (1970) for continuous wave-number spectra, which are a simplified version of those derived by us for discrete wave spectra (Abraham-Shrauner 1970), can be derived easily from the conventional quasilinear equations (Drummond & Pines 1962; Vedenov, Veliklov & Sagdeev 1962) by analytic continuation. The analytic continuation is the same type used in discussions of the plasma dispersion relation for the linearized Vlasov equation and of the weakly unstable kinetic equation (Balescu 1963; Rogister & Obermann 1969).
Staphylococcus epidermidis in Urine Is Not Always Benign: A Case Report of Pyelonephritis in a Child

Purpose: Staphylococcus epidermidis in urine cultures from previously healthy children is usually considered to be a contaminant. The goal of this study was to identify cases in which S. epidermidis was an infectious cause of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. Methods: A literature search identified 7 cases, 6 of which were previously published and 1 which was unpublished, described herein. Results: S. epidermidis was identified as the causative organism of UTIs in children with underlying urinary tract abnormalities. Conclusion: UTIs caused by S. epidermidis in a previously healthy child should not be disregarded as a contaminant and further workup for urinary tract abnormality is indicated.
Moment estimation for statistics from marked point processes

In spatial statistics the data typically consist of measurements of some quantity at Irregularly scattered locations; in other words, the data form a realization of a marked point process. In this paper, we formulate subsampling estimators of the moments of general statistics computed from marked point process data, and we establish their L 2 -consistency. The variance estimator in particular can be used for the construction of confidence intervals for estimated parameters. A practical data-based method for choosing a subsampling parameter is given and illustrated on a data set. Finite sample simulation examples are also presented.
Identification of a cell wall peroxidase in red calli of Prunus incisa Thunb.

Red calli occur frequently in callus cultures of Prunus incisa Thunb. Calli that become red in color stop growing and turn brown while calli that remain green continue to grow. This study was carried out to compare the accumulation of antioxidant activity in red and green calli. The anthocyanin content, peroxidase isoforms and peroxidase activity were different in red and green calli. Red calli contained higher levels of anthocyanins, cell wall peroxidase activity and lower soluble peroxidase activity than green calli. A basic cell wall peroxidase (pI 10.0) was present only in red calli. Two acidic peroxidases (pI 6.0 and 6.8) had higher accumulation in green calli than in red calli. In the cell wall fraction of red calli, a peroxidase isoform with an apparent molecular mass of 30 kDa was found. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and internal amino acid sequence analysis indicate that this protein has a very high similarity with the cell wall peroxidase of Beta vulgaris L.
Primary preventive health care among injection drug users, other sustained drug users, and non-users.

The primary objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between sustained illicit drug use and the utilization of primary preventive health care. Data from 1254 African-American, Hispanic/Latino, and non-Hispanic/Latino white men and women collected in 1996–1997 were analyzed to determine independent risk factors for the utilization of primary preventive health care that was not received as a result of seeking treatment for a specific health condition. When several demographic, health, and drug use variables were assessed in a logistic regression model, gender, ethnicity, health insurance status, drug use, and alcohol use were independently associated with primary preventive care. Women, Hispanic/Latinos, and persons who had health insurance were more likely to have received primary preventive health care while injection drug users, other sustained drug users, and “heavy” alcohol users were less likely to have used primary preventive health care services in the past year. [Translations are ...
Comparison of some conjugate direction procedures for function minimization

Abstract Iterative procedures that are quadratically convergent are seeing increasing application to many types of extremization problems. Three of these procedures are analyzed and their underlying theoretical similarities are pointed out. It is shown that the Davidon- Fletcher-Powell, conjugate gradient, and gradient partan methods provide identical results when applied to a quadratic cost function. This occurs because each procedure generates the same set of mutually conjugate vectors and is the basic reason for their quadratic convergence property. A slight modification to the conjugate gradient procedure proposed by Fletcher and Reeves is seen to yield a procedure that exhibits the principal property of the Davidon-Fletcher-Powell method when applied to nonquadratic cost functions. This modified conjugate gradient procedure involves a significantly smaller amount of computation than either the Davidon-Fletcher-Powell or gradient partan methods while retaining the basic properties influencing convergence of the Davidon-Fletcher-Powell procedure.
Devising the Revels

The term "device" in the sixteenth century might still refer to a written document that explained in detail the creative idea and overall conception of a project. Only one such device survives for a court revel, "Devices to be shewed before the quenes Matie by waye of maskinge at Notthingham castell" [1562]. This device together with evidence from the Revels accounts illustrates how the suppression of individual egos by devisers, artists, and writers in the collaborative production of revels could be considered an exercise in the art of service to a prince.
Problem drinking among residents of a VA nursing home

The authors conducted a retrospective study of problem drinking among persons admitted to a Veterans Affairs Nursing Home Care Unit (VA NHCU). Lifetime problem drinking was prevalent in 36% of admissions, two-thirds of whom had active alcohol problems. Problem drinkers were younger and less often currently married than NHCU residents without alcohol problems. Forty-seven per cent of persons with active alcohol problems returned to independent living. The results suggest that VA NHCUs may be an important transition between hospital and home for elderly patients with alcohol problems, affording an opportunity for identification and intervention.
Fundamentals of infant anaesthesia.

Far from being more difficult, infants should be less difficult to anaesthetize . Generally the major organ systems, although not necessarily fully mature, are unsullied by smoking, alcohol consumption, atherosclerosis, assorted other pathology or simple wear and tear. Cardiac output is linked to heart rate and volume replacement, while oxygenation is controlled by lung expansion, FIO2 and perhaps PEEP. Admittedly, the rewards for poor technique are frightening and sudden, but the goal of this review has been to point out the anticipatory nature of paediatric anaesthesia, such that the actual anaesthetic becomes nearly an anti-climax. The rewards for this approach are usually brief procedures that frequently definitively repair isolated pathology, coupled with a sense of precise accomplishment that makes the planning and number- crunching worthwhile.
Evaluation of the ETS® and ADx™ Urine Drug Screening Immunoassay Analyzers

The Syva ETS | and Abbott ADx TM urine drug testing immunoassay systems were evaluated for analytical performance, ease of operation, data processing, and time of analysis. Urine specimens were analyzed by each system for six drugs of abuse. Discrepancies in drug detection were due to variations in the cut-off concentrations between ADx and EMIT d.a.u. (ETS) reagents. The ETS was found to have several major advantages over the ADx: greater sample load, more convenient "random access," and real time data processing. When analyzing multiple specimens, the turnaround time for the ETS as compared to the ADx was twice as fast for the six-analyte assay. The ADx assay calibrations were stable for two weeks, while the ETS required daily calibration with verification by cut-off calibrators every eight hours. The ETS was found superior to the AOx for multianalyte urine drug screening.
Adaptive Nulling Using Photoconductive Attenuators

Traditional adaptive antennas require receivers at each element in the array in order to form the correlation matrix and derive the adaptive weights. This approach is expensive and difficult to implement on many phased array architectures. An alternative is to minimize the total array output power by making only a subset of the elements adaptive. Nulls can be placed in the sidelobes with little effect on the main beam. This paper uses the later approach coupled with new photoconductive attenuators that serve as adaptive amplitude weights. The attenuators on some the elements in a phased array serve as adaptive weights while the remaining elements are uniformly weighted. A genetic algorithm controls the infrared signals to these elements in order to minimize the total output power. Experimental and computer results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.
Response of Vortex Breakdown Induced Wing Rock to Pitching & Plunging

osweep which is free to roll is reported . This global manipulation of the flow field provi ded clues towards developing efficient control of wing rock. The response of leading edge vortices and resulting wing rock was observed to be different for the plunging case in comparison to the pitching case. Attenuation of wing rock was observed for both the pitching and plunging cases but was dependent upon frequency of pitching and plunging oscillations . Flow vis ualizations showed two different modes of response of the leading edge vortices for the cases with attenuated wing rock.
The response of nematodes to deep-sea CO2 sequestration: A quantile regression approach

Abstract One proposed approach to ameliorate the effects of global warming is sequestration of the greenhouse gas CO 2 in the deep sea. To evaluate the environmental impact of this approach, we exposed the sediment-dwelling fauna at the mouth of the Monterey Submarine Canyon (3262 m) and a site on the nearby continental rise (3607 m) to CO 2 -rich water. We measured meiobenthic nematode population and community metrics after ∼30-day exposures along a distance gradient from the CO 2 source and with sediment depth to infer the patterns of mortality. We also compared the nematode response with that of harpacticoid copepods. Nematode abundance, average sediment depth, tail-group composition, and length: width ratio did not vary with distance from the CO 2 source. However, quantile regression showed that nematode length and diameter increased in close proximity to the CO 2 source in both experiments. Further, the effects of CO 2 exposure and sediment depth (nematodes became more slender at one site, but larger at the other, with increasing depth in the sediment) varied with body size. For example, the response of the longest nematodes differed from those of average length. We propose that nematode body length and diameter increases were induced by lethal exposure to CO 2 -rich water and that nematodes experienced a high rate of mortality in both experiments. In contrast, copepods experienced high mortality rates in only one experiment suggesting that CO 2 sequestration effects are taxon specific.
Frequency of LRRK2 mutations in early- and late-onset Parkinson disease

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of leucine-rich repeat kinase gene ( LRRK2 ) mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in early-onset Parkinson disease (EOPD) and late-onset Parkinson disease (LOPD). Methods: We genotyped five previously reported LRRK2 mutations (G2019S, L1114L, I1122V, R1441C, and Y1699C) and 17 coding SNPs for haplotype analysis in 504 cases with PD and 314 controls enrolled in the Genetic Epidemiology of PD Study. Cases and controls were recruited without knowledge of family history of PD and cases were oversampled in the ≤50 age at onset (AAO) category. Results: The LRRK2 G2019S mutation was present in 28 cases with PD (5.6%) and two controls (0.6%) (χ 2 = 13.25; p LRRK2 G2019S mutation was 4.9% in 245 cases with AAO ≤50 years vs 6.2% in 259 cases with AAO >50 ( p = 0.56). All cases with PD with the G2019S mutation shared the same disease-associated haplotype. The frequency of the LRRK2 G2019S mutation was higher in the subset of 181 cases reporting four Jewish grandparents (9.9%) than in other cases (3.1%) ( p Conclusions: The G2019S mutation is a risk factor in both early- and late-onset Parkinson disease and confirms the previous report of a greater frequency of the G2019S mutation in Jewish than in non-Jewish cases with Parkinson disease.
Distribution system harmonic design

A new method is described for distribution system harmonic design. It is based on the application of the eigenvalue sensitivity technique to the system poles and zeros. The harmonic voltage performance of a distribution system depends on the location of its poles and zeros with respect to the harmonic frequencies. The knowledge of the poles, the zeros and their respective sensitivities to system parameters enables the designer to identify changes in the system which will reduce harmonic voltage levels. These system changes are readily apparent using the proposed method, resulting in less computational effort and reduced engineering time. This approach often results in small changes in the capacitor bank locations, in which case the 60 Hz performance is not substantially changed. >
Xenophon’s Cyropaedia : Educating our Political Hopes

Xenophon’s Cyropaedia is the gripping account of one young man’s rise to unprecedented political prominence. As has often been noted, however, the text is marked by an abrupt and chilling conclusion. Some have taken the ending to signify not only Cyrus’ particular political inadequacy, but also the tragic inadequacy of politics in general, and political philosophy in particular, to promote stability, justice, and the common good. By examining Xenophon’s portrayal of Cyrus’ nature, education, and actions, and by comparing Cyrus to other characters of the Cyropaedia, I come to a different conclusion. Cyrus’ limits prove not to be inevitable, and the failure of his empire is not “generalizable” to all political endeavors. In studying Cyrus’ case, we deepen our thinking about civic education, justice, rule, freedom, and the law—matters that Cyrus neglected—and are led to prudential insights that are vital to the cultivation and support of healthy politics.
Support for (Z)-11-Hexadecanal as a Pheromone Antagonist in Ostrinia nubilalis: Flight Tunnel and Single Sensillum Studies with a New York Population

The flight-tunnel response of male Z-strain European corn borer moths (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis, from a population in New York State (USA), was significantly antagonized by addition of 1% (Z)-11-hexadecanal (Z11-16:Ald) to their sex pheromone (a 97:3 mix of (Z)- and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate [Z/E11-14:OAc]). The level of antagonism was equivalent to that observed for the previously identified ECB antagonist, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:OAc), and supports a recent report showing that Z11-16:Ald, a minor pheromone component of the Noctuid moth, Sesamia nonagrioides, caused antagonism of ECB pheromone communication in sympatric populations in the Iberian Peninsula. Single-sensillum recordings from ECB antennae, which included cross-adaptation experiments, showed that the same olfactory receptor neuron processing Z9-14:OAc inputs was responsible for detecting Z11-16:Ald, and that this neuron was not responsive to two other aldehydes, (Z)-9-tetradecanal (Z9-14:Ald) and (Z)-9-hexadecanal (Z9-16:Ald), found in other moth sex pheromones. Our results show that the antagonism is not confined to one geographic region, is specific for Z11-16:Ald, and that antagonist pathways might have the potential for processing a number of structurally similar compounds.
Pulse pressure/stroke volume: a surrogate index of arterial stiffness and the relation to segmental relaxation and longitudinal systolic deformation in hypertensive disease

Aims Pulse pressure/stroke volume (PP/SV) is regarded as a surrogate index of arterial stiffness (AS). Strain echocardiography is a novel method to evaluate systolic and diastolic left ventricular (LV) function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of AS on segmental relaxation and systolic deformation in hypertensive disease. Methods and results We evaluated 70 hypertensive patients and 30 non-hypertensive volunteers. The patients were divided as follows: without global diastolic dysfunction (HTN-N) and with global diastolic dysfunction (HTN-DD). The segmental and global longitudinal strain (S) and strain rate (SR) and early and late diastolic SR were recorded from 18 segments. The number of segments with abnormal relaxation (SRE/SRA , 1.1) was calculated as segmental DD. Pulse pressure/SV index was used as a surrogate marker of AS. Arterial stiffness was higher in HTN-N and was more pronounced in the HTN-DD group compared with the control (1.45 + 0.38 vs. 1.79 + 0.36 vs.1.21 + 0.31 mmHg m 2 /ml, all P , 0.05). HTN-N had increased segmental DD compared to control despite the normal conventional indices of diastolic dysfunction. Global longitudinal deformation of the HTN-N group was similar to the control; HTN-DD also showed evidence of LV hypertrophy (LVH) and had more extensive segmental DD and deteriorated global systolic deformation compared with the control, despite the normal ejection fraction (segmental DD: 11 + 3 vs. 4 + 2, P , 0.05 and strain: 17.7 + 2.8 vs. 21.2 + 2.3%, P , 0.05). The deterioration of AS in the hypertensive group was accompanied with a particular distribution of segmental DD that was more pronounced at the basal regions compared with apical LV territories. Arterial stiffness and LV mass index are found to be independent predictors of segmental DD, mean Ea, and global systolic deformation. Conclusion Arterial stiffness and LVH are independently related to abnormal segmental relaxation and global longitudinal systolic deformation in hypertensive disease.
Can unpredictable systems be managed

The paper is an overview of several new ideas about complex, unpredictable systems and explores what it means to manage a system you can't predict. The paper also considers the potential utility of several ideas from the new science of networks. The critical difference between tightly and loosely coupled systems is then examined as well as a concept called "practical drift" which may help explain how strong coupling can sometimes make complex systems unstable.
Quantification of absolute luminal diameter by computer-analyzed digital subtraction angiography: an assessment in human coronary arteries.

Determination of absolute lumen diameters has been shown to be useful in predicting the functional importance of a coronary stenosis. In this study, both single-plane and orthogonal biplane digital subtraction angiograms were obtained in human cadaver coronary arteries. A single absolute diameter was calculated at the site of greatest narrowing in 20 segments by two automated computerized algorithms. Minimum and maximum diameters at the site of the stenosis were measured from pathologic sections prepared after pressure fixation. Method 1, which determines the edges by means of the first derivative of the videodensity curve, derived absolute diameters that fell between the pathologic minimum and maximum in 10 of 20 segments. Method 2, which determines the edges by an average of the first and second derivatives of the videodensity change, derived absolute diameters that fell between the pathologic minimum and maximum diameters in 15 of 20 segments. Method 1 correlated well with the maximum pathologic diameter (r = .76) and less well with the minrmum pathologic diameter (r = .67). Method 2 correlated very well with the maximum pathologic diameter (r = .79) and also correlated well with the minimum pathologic diameter (r = .74). As would be expected, the computerized algorithms tended to overestimate the minimum pathologic diameter and to underestimate the maximum pathologic diameter. In six segments, two orthogonal views were analyzed; no further accuracy was discernible over single-plane determinations. Thus quantitative coronary angiography by digital subtraction angiography is sufficiently accurate to be of use in the measurement of the severity of a coronary stenosis.
Presidential Leadership: The Inner Circle and Institutionalization

O-NE OF THE SIGNIFICANT trends of the past two decades is the kJ development of the President's staff as an institution. "From a purely staff service it is fast developing into an agency that also formulates and coordinates policies at the highest level."2 The White House staff now employs 389 people. Since 1939 this immediate headquarters of the President's activities has been ringed by the Executive Office of the President. In the latter are now included the Bureau of the Budget, the National Security Resources Board, the Economic Adviser, the National Security Council, and the Office of Defense Mobilization.3 Each of these aforementioned agencies in the Executive Office of the President has been created by law and now constitutes an institutionalized part of the President's apparatus.4 One of the principal functions of Presidential agencies is the formulation of plans and policies for executive action. In the first two terms of Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration the most pressing problems dealt with economic recovery and reform policies. When Roosevelt assumed office in 1933, there existed no staff agencies to supply advice to the President. As we shall more fully elaborate, Roosevelt relied upon his closest informal advisors to fill this need. Thirteen years later, in 1946, Congress enacted the Full Employment Act which expressed a new and historic commitment on the part of the
Ca2+-Dependent Rapid Ca2+ Sensitization of Contraction in Arterial Smooth Muscle

Ca2+ ion is a universal intracellular messenger that regulates numerous biological functions. In smooth muscle, Ca2+ with calmodulin activates myosin light chain (MLC) kinase to initiate a rapid ML...
Using Community Ties to Facilitate School-Based Prevention Research

One of the greatest obstacles to conducting schoolbased HIV/STD/pregnancy prevention research with adolescents is the reluctance of administrators or sitebased decision-making councils to commit their teachers and students to participation in a project designed and managed by an outside group of researchers. A major concern is that researchers may not understand or agree with community sensitivities about such personal topics. By first establishing a collaborative relationship with health district educators currently working in Appalachian schools and residing in those communities, one finds a distinct advantage in terms of gaining admittance to area schools. The presence of local health educators at formative meetings also allays many concerns of community members, as they view these local participants as monitors of outsider research efforts, thereby protecting the community culture from undue outside influence. During the course of the current study, health educators found they also learned more about their communities and about HIV prevention.
A State Machine Sensor Network for Ephemeral Stream Detection

Sensor networks based on the de facto standard Berkeley TinyOS platform are changing the way environmental information is collected in the field. One such network has been designed, deployed, and tested in order to determine where ephemeral streams (small, temporary channels of runoff) form during precipitation events. This small, proof-of-concept test network was designed around a generic nondeterministic finite state machine component, which was built to be re-used in later environmental sensor network applications. A simplistic broadcast mechanism was devised to provide collective sampling interval changes to adapt to environmental conditions. In this paper, the design and testing of the ephemeral stream detection network are discussed, along with design features that can be re-used in later applications. Improvements for a later deployment of a larger, operational ephemeral stream detection network are also described.
Stress Resistance in Pseudomonas syringae: Mechanisms and Strategies

The growth and survival of Pseudomonas syringae in association with both the external and internal leaf environment is correlated with an ability to tolerate and/or escape environmental and plant-associated stresses. These stress factors include, most notably, desiccation, nutrient deprivation, exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and oxidative stress encountered both from exposure to UV-A radiation and from the plant defence response. Information on particular physiological and genetic responses of P. syringae to the environmental stress associated with leaf colonisation has increased in recent years. The ability to survive on dry leaf surfaces is a critical ecological adaptation of phyllosphere microbes. Several P. syringae traits including exopolysaccharide production, motility, and even methionine biosynthesis, have been shown to increase survival under dry or alternating wet/dry conditions. The UV-B component of solar UVR causes direct DNA damage and cell death; thus, enzymatic mechanisms of DNA repair are essential for the survival of leaf surface-associated P. syringae. The rulAB determinant encodes a mutagenic DNA repair system that confers UVR tolerance to P. syringae and is required for enhanced survival on UVR-exposed leaf surfaces. rulAB is plasmid-encoded and widely distributed among P. syringae pathovars. The bacterial RpoS alternate sigma factor regulates genes in response to oxidative stress including genes encoding superoxide dismutase. Surprisingly, a P. s. pv. syringae B728a sodAsodB mutant exhibited increased UV-A sensitivity but no change in virulence in bean. Increasing knowledge of stress factors and the responses of P. syringae to stress will continue to foster a better understanding of P. syringae biology and the potential for disease management.
Spinal Ligaments: Anisotropic Characterization Using Very Small Samples

Spinal ligaments exhibit a nonlinear, anisotropic, viscoelastic response, which has yet to be adequately characterized. Characterizing and modeling the material responses of spinal ligaments is essential to understanding both normal and pathological motion of the spine. Current methods for testing connective tissue require large volumes of sample and often experience difficulty in gripping, due to the texture of connective tissue. Consequently a mechanism capable of overcoming these barriers was developed, designated as the Anisotropic Small Punch Test (ASPT). The apparatus consists of a 6-mm diameter tissue sample clamped between two peripheral plates. The center of the sample is displaced by a 1mm rod and renders a multiaxial profile recorded by two cameras at orthogonal angles. The measured force and displacement experienced by the sample then serve as input for an optimization routine to derive constitutive coefficients that characterize ligament behavior. Bovine achilles tendon were used to validate that ASPT is an appropriate method for capturing the nonlinear, anisotropic, viscoelastic response of ligaments. This methodology has the potential to transform current methods of testing biological tissue in addition to quantifying mechanical properties of ligaments.
What is a 'Law and Society' Perspective on Intellectual Property?

This edited book brings together articles by leading international scholars from diverse disciplinary perspectives who focus on the legal, social, and cultural dimensions of intellectual properties - including patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, and rights of publicity. These articles employ a creatively eclectic approach to the study of intellectual property law and policy viewed through the lenses of traditional doctrinal analysis, historical perspectives, critical cultural study, and empirical examinations of intellectual property in action. The volume also directs critical attention to the significance of intellectual property in contemporary processes of globalization and political economy.The editor's introductory essay, What is a 'Law and Society' Perspective on Intellectual Property?, identifies and analyzes the major approaches to interdisciplinary law and society scholarship on intellectual property and identifies each author's contribution to this emerging perspective on what is an increasingly important area of law worldwide.
Development, Fecundity, and Longevity of the Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Fed Soybean, Cotton, and Artificial Diet at Three Temperatures

Tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), growth rates showed a significant interaction between diet and temperature. Larvae and pupae that were reared on artificial diet were heavier than those reared on soybean and cotton, with corresponding weights being less at 20°C than at 25 and 30°C. Larvae fed soybean or cotton required seven instars to complete larval development; seven instars were required on artificial diet only at 20°C. Larval survival was 24% (20°C), 34% (25°C), and 17% (30°C) higher on soybean than on cotton. The prepupal and pupal periods were longest at 20°C and shortest at 30°C, but only the pupal period was influenced by larval diet (development shorter on soybean than on cotton at 20 and 30°C). Pupal weight for insects fed soybean increased as temperature increased, but this relationship was reversed for insects fed cotton. Preoviposition period was not significantly influenced by either diet or temperature. More eggs were laid by females at 20°C than at 25 and 30°C, with larger numbers of eggs laid by females reared on cotton than on soybean or artificial diet. Diet did not affect longevity of moths or viability of eggs, whereas increased temperatures from 20 to 30°C decreased longevity of moths and egg hatchability
IBD: Assisted reproductive technology less successful in ulcerative colitis.

Women are counselled that surgery for ulcerative colitis leads to infertility and that they could require assisted reproductive technology (ART) to conceive. But how successful is ART, compared with women who do not have a history of ulcerative colitis? New data suggests that ART is less effective in women with ulcerative colitis, but its success is not reduced after surgery to treat the disease.
A 3D Max-based Algorithm to Compute Hitting Area of Aircraft

Based on the analysis of calculation theory for hitting area (projection area) of aircraft,the paper presents a model and a way of accurately computing the hitting area by using 3D Max and data fitting.The method effectively improves the accuracy of computing and can be used to compute the hitting area of any projection plane using on-the-shelf commercial 3D Max aircraft database.By fitting the calculation results,the fitting formula for any θ and q is established.The paper provides an example on how to compute the projection area and tests the accuracy of the method.The conclusion is also applicable for calculation of damage probability in some other fields.
Sensory Tours as a Method for Engaging Children as Active Researchers: Exploring the Use of Wearable Cameras in Early Childhood Research

This article explores the use of wearable cameras with children as a data collection means to engage young children as active researchers in recording their experiences in natural environments. This method captures children’s unique perspectives of being-in-the-world, depicting what they see, hear, say, touch, and their interactions with others. In this paper, this method is called Sensory Tours, informed by the tradition of walking tours used in environmental education. It is a nonintrusive means of collecting data, providing children with control over what data they collect, and removing the need for an adult researcher with a video camera propping and prodding over children’s day-to-day activities. In this paper, the advantages, challenges, and opportunities of wearable cameras are evaluated and illustrated through the video records made by children. The method provides opportunities for subsequent video-stimulated group discussions and other interactive activities that can enrich understandings of children’s lived experiences. Sensory Tours provide a means for children to analyze, reconstruct, and interpret salient aspects of their experiences in discussions with peers and adults.
Single Agent Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin (Mylotarg) Can Induce Hematologic Remissions in Patients with Refractory Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) Relapse Following Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation but May Precipitate Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD).

Relapse following allogeneic transplantation in the absence of GVHD is usually treated by withdrawing immunosuppressive therapy followed by donor lymphocytes infusions for the induction Graft-versus-Leukemia (GVL) effects. However, if this fails to result in graft-vs-leukemia effects, the prognosis for such patients is usually very poor. Re-induction therapy seldom has an effect on such patients, and the morbidity from full induction is substantial. Patients: We retrospectively studied five patients with AML, who relapsed following allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Three patients had their transplant from HLA-identical siblings, and two from matched unrelated donors (URD). Both patients with URD transplant had a one HLA class I antigen mismatch. Treatment Plan: After withdrawing the immunosuppressive therapy, no signs of GVHD was noted in any of the patients. All patients were then treated with Mylotarg 9 mg/M2 on days 1 and 14. All five patients received both doses. Three patients did not respond and died of progressive leukemia. Two patients achieved complete remission as documented by BM biopsy. One patient who had a one antigen mismatch URD SCT and who had evidence of skin and liver GVHD prior to the relapse, remains in remission without any evidence of GVHD, and off immunosuppressive therapy (day +327 post-BMT). The second patient, who never had GVHD prior to relapse, developed aGVHD of the skin and liver one months after Mylotarg therapy. Despite intensive immunosuppressive therapy, he continued with progressive GVHD of the skin and liver died of GVHD on day +224 post-SCT with no signs of recurrent leukemia. Conclusions: Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin is effective in inducing hematologic remissions in refractory AML patients who relapse following allogeneic SCT. Mylotarg may precipitate aGVHD and we hypothesize that secondary inflammatory reactions following the cytolytic effects of the immunotoxin may be involved in the induction of GVHD. Caution should be exercised if this treatment is to be combined with donor lymphocyte infusions. Prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the role of Mylotarg in treatment patients in relapse following allo-HSCT and its effect on precipitating GVHD.
Coupling virtual reality and motion platforms for snowboard training

This paper proposes a snowboard simulation system that mitigates the risks of snowboarding while allowing for realistic beginner training. The system uses a passive motion platform with tension bands that return the platform to equilibrium when the user is not applying force. This allows the user to make manual changes to board position as they would on a snowy hill. These manual changes in board position are fed into the simulator, and the user experiences visual cuing as to changes in their simulated position, velocity, and acceleration. This snowboard simulator is the first to feature manual yaw with full range of motion, allowing users to train on essential beginning techniques like “the falling leaf” and paving the way for the future development of simulation of advanced techniques necessary for navigating advanced terrain.
Early undifferentiated connective tissue disease. V. An inception cohort 5 years later: disease remissions and changes in diagnoses in well established and undifferentiated connective tissue diseases.

Objective. To review the diagnoses after 5 years in patients who were identified within 12 months of the onset of well established and undifferentiated connective tissue diseases (CTD); to examine death rates and disease remissions in these patients. Methods. This inception cohort of 410 patients was identified in 10 academic rheumatology practices. They had less than one year of signs and/or symptoms of CTD. Diagnoses of specific well established CTD were made using accepted diagnostic and classification criteria. The diagnoses after 5 years were determined. Results. Patients with well established CTD tended to remain with the original diagnosis. The progression of unexplained polyarthritis to rheumatoid arthritis occurred infrequently. Ten percent of patients with isolated Raynaud's phenomenon progressed to systemic sclerosis (SSc). The 5 year survival was over 90% in all diagnostic categories, with the exception of SSc, in which it was 64%. Conclusion. Patients with a well established CTD usually continued with the same diagnosis. Patients with undifferentiated CTD tended to remain undifferentiated or to remit.
Metabolic Protection Against Rapid Cell Death Induced by High Level DNA Damage

In response to DNA damage, the cell initiates a series of enzymatic reactions designed to repair its genetic structure and restore its normal function. In some cases, the metabolic consequences of these reactions can so drastically perturb cellular homeostasis that they lead to cell death. It is important to understand these biochemical processes in order to design rational approaches to alter their course.
Transient Cache Analysis — Trace Sampling and Trace Stitching

Despite its expensive nature, trace-driven simulation is necessary if more than first-cut estimates as provided by analytical models are desired. In the following two chapters, efficient techniques of trace-driven simulation for cache performance evaluation are presented. This chapter first analyzes cache transient behavior, and then presents a trace sampling methodology.
MODULATION OF HEPATIC AND RENAL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY AND mRNA BY STEROID HORMONES IN VIVO

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) catalyzes the flux-determining step in the oxidation of ethanol and probably also plays a role in the metabolism of steroid alcohols and retinoids. Five classes of ADH have been discovered to date (Ehrig et al., 1990). The class I enzyme is the major liver enzyme, which is also found in other tissues at lower levels. This class of ADH has been studied in greatest detail. The gene for class I ADH has been cloned from humans (Duester et al. 1986), mice (Zhang et al., 1987), and rats (Crabb et al., 1989). In vitro studies have identified promoter elements important for liver specific expression (C/EBP and HNF1 binding sites (Potter et al., 1991; Stewart et al., 1990a; Stewart et al., 1990b; Stewart et al., 1991; van Ooij et al., 1992)) as well as hormone response elements. There are glucocorticoid response elements in the promoter (Duester et al., 1986), and expression of the gene is activiated in hepatoma cells exposed to dexamethasone (Wolfla et al., 1988; Dong et al., 1988; Winters et al., 1990). Retinoic acid response elements are present in the mouse and human ADH3 gene (Duester et al., 1991), and transfection studies demonstrate retinoic acid responsiveness of the promoter. Androgens induced mouse kidney ADH many fold by an effect that is mainly transcriptional (Ceci et al., 1986; Felder et al., 1988). Other hormone responses are less well understood. Estradiol is reported to induce ADH activity in the kidney (Qulali et al., 1991; Dembic and Sabolic, 1982), but not liver, of rats, and thyroid hormone reduces liver ADH activity (Potter and Mezey, 1983; Mezey and Potter, 1981).