cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are there parallel processes in psychotherapy supervision? An empirical examination

Parallel processes in supervision occur when (1) the therapist brings the interaction pattern that occurs between the therapist and client into supervision and enacts the same pattern but with the therapist trainee in the client's role, or (2) the trainee takes the interaction pattern in supervision back into the therapy session as the therapist, now enacting the supervisor's role. We examined these processes in the interactions of 17 therapy/supervision triads (i.e., supervisor, therapist/trainee, and client). Each session was rated for dominance and affiliation, and the similarity of these dimensions across equal status pairs (supervisor-therapist and trainee-client) was examined. It was hypothesized that if parallel process existed, there would be more similarity in dominance and affiliation between equal status pairs in contiguous sessions than would be true relative to general responses; the dominance and affiliation would be more closely matched than would be expected given general response tendencies. This was examined separately for each supervision triad using single-case randomization tests. Significant results were obtained for each dyad indicating the presence of parallel processes in each supervision triad. Additionally, the relation between parallel processes over the course of treatment and client outcome was examined using hierarchical Bayesian modeling. Results indicate that a positive client outcome was associated with increasing similarity of therapist behavior to the supervisor over time on both affiliation and dominance (increasing parallel process) and an inverted U pattern of high-low-high similarity of client behavior to trainee behavior over time. This study provides support for the existence of bidirectional parallel processes at the level of interpersonal interaction. Implications for therapist training and supervision are discussed.
Complete matchings in random subgraphs of the cube

In this article it is shown that for almost every random cube process the hitting time of a complete matching equals the hitting time of having minimal degree (at least) one and also the hitting time of connectedness. It follows from this that if t = (n + c + o(1))2n−2 for some constant c, then the probability that a random subgraph of the n-cube having precisely t edges has a complete matching tends to e.
Laissez-faire and its discontents: US naturalization and integration policy in comparative perspective

In the 1990s and early 2000s, conflicts over citizenship and nationhood erupted in US naturalization policy, part of a recurring pattern since the eighteenth century. Since these most recent controversies, major immigrant-receiving countries in Western Europe, as well as Australia and Canada, have introduced or revised naturalization requirements, preparatory courses, and formal ceremonies for prospective citizens. The USA's approach to naturalization is, by comparison, less demanding. The US approach is undergirded by an essentially laissez-faire philosophy in which the nation admits large numbers of immigrants without much attention to skills, values, or English-language ability and who are expected to integrate without significant government assistance. While this laissez-faire philosophy represents a gain for core liberal principles, I argue that it may also reflect reduced social solidarity and contribute to the vitriolic conflicts over immigration that are now waged regularly at the local, state, an...
Sovereign grace and human freedom

Philip Schaaf, a distinguished church historian of a past generation, once called the debate about God’s sovereignty and human freedom “the question of the ages.” That may not be so for everyone, but with the church it remains a question that will not go away. What the late Albert Outler wrote in 1975 is amazingly relevant today. ‘In our day when all the great traditions that have held the world together for centuries (however tenuously) are suddenly becoming frazzled and “inoperative”—the issue between human self-sufficiency and God’s primacy is still the great dividing line in all our struggles for a theology of culture that is actually theo-logy and not some sort of religious anthro-pology writ large across a cosmic backdrop. All our most fashionable credos today (the new a-morality, the new secularism, the new emotionalism and “supernaturalisms”—ESP, psychokinesis, “transcendental meditation,” TA, and others) are all fresh variations on the old themes of human autonomy: viz., the conviction that human beings can and must accept final responsibility for their own well-being and their collective destinies.’
Employee Participation During the Early Stages of Transition: Evidence from Bulgaria:

By using data for individual workers and managers with matching information for firms, we provide the first evidence from a large-scale study of a former socialist country on employee participation during the early stages of transition and the final period of communism. We find that: (1) throughout 1989-92, the average level of employee participation is quite modest; (2) workers did begin to assert a greater measure of influence during this period; (3) during 1989-92, cases of genuine 'worker self-management' while apparent, were always rare; (4) there are potentially important discrepancies in the views of managers and employees as to who has what degree of power and on what issues; and (5) when respondents are classified into three categories of 'participation', there are statistically significant differences in individualand firm-level characteristics. Finally, we contrast our findings with other evidence and consider broader implications for transition.
The duration of word meaning responses: Stroop interference for different preexposures of the word

Stroop stimuli, i.e., color names in incongruent colors, were preexposed in black for different intervals prior to coloration. Color-naming times increased slightly, then decreased sharply as preexposure intervals increased. Some delay in color naming still appeared for the longest (500-msec) preexposure. The results indicate stages in word processing and their temporal characteristics. The preexposure interval that precedes the interference drop would be expected to shift with changes in color luminance, hue, and saturation and also with changes in word legibility. Thus it offers potential for assessing the effects of such manipulations on the speed of color and word processing.
Hot action at the core-mantle boundary

Recent discoveries about the Earth's most prominent internal feature, the core-mantle boundary, were revealed at a workshop just held at the University of California at Berkeley. The latest seismological evidence points to the interface between the mantle and core being among the most dynamically active regions of the planetary interior. Though distant, at 2890 km depth, the core-mantle boundary is significant: the contrasts in properties across this interface exceed even those between air and rock at the Earth's surface. Processes at the core's boundary influence the rotation and magnetic field of our planet and play an important role in the cycle of mantle convection that drives plate tectonics. In the interest of reviewing recent findings and coordinating future research, a workshop on Structure of the Core-Mantle Boundary and DH Region was held from September 10 to 11. Such workshops are among the activities sponsored by the new Cooperative Studies of the Earth's Deep Interior (CSEDI) initiative at the National Science Foundation.
Martensite transformation and shape memory effect of NiTi-Zr high-temperature shape memory alloys

NiTi-Zr high temperature alloys possess relatively poor shape memory properties and ductility in comparison with NiTi-Hf and NiTi-Pd alloys. During martensite transformation of the newly developed NiTi-Zr high temperature shape memory alloys (SMAs) the temperature increases along with Zr content when the Zr content is more than 10 at%. As the Zr content increases, the fully reversible strain of the alloys decreases. However, complete strain recovery behavior is exhibited by all the alloys studied in this paper, even those with a Zr content of 20 at%. Stability of the NiTi-Zr alloys during thermal cycling was also tested and results indicate that the NiTi-Zr alloys have poor stability against thermal cycling. The reasons for the deterioration of the shape memory effect and stability have yet to be determined.
Epigenetic therapy is associated with similar survival compared with intensive chemotherapy in older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia

We reviewed the outcome of 671 patients 65 years of age or older with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated at our institution between 2000 and 2010 with intensive chemotherapy (n = 557) or azacitidine- or decitabine-based therapy (n = 114). Both groups were balanced according to cytogenetics and performance status. The complete response rates with chemotherapy and epigenetic therapy were 42% and 28%, respectively (P = .001), and the 8-week mortality 18% and 11%, respectively (P = .075). Two-year relapse-free survival rates (28% vs 39%, P = .843) and median survival (6.7 vs 6.5 months, P = .413) were similar in the 2 groups. Multivariate analysis identified older age, adverse cytogenetics, poor performance status, elevated creatinine, peripheral blood and BM blasts, and hemoglobin, but not type of AML therapy, as independent prognostic factors for survival. No outcome differences were observed according to cytogenetics, FLT3 mutational status, age, or performance status by therapy type. Decitabine was associated with improved median overall survival compared with azacitidine (5.5 vs 8.8 months, respectively, P = .03). Survival after failure of intensive chemotherapy, azacitidine, or decitabine was more favorable in patients who had previously received decitabine (1.1 vs 0.9 vs 3.1 months, respectively, P = .109). The results of the present study show that epigenetic therapy is associated with similar survival rates as intensive chemotherapy in older patients with newly diagnosed AML. The studies reviewed are registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as 2009-0172 (NCT00926731) and 2009-0217 (NCT00952588).
Analysis of Post Audits for Gulf of Mexico Completions Leads to Continuous Improvement in Completion Practices

Final production rate alone is not an adequate measure of the success of a well completion. Rather, we must estimate the {open_quotes}potential{close_quotes} of a reservoir and judge the ultimate success of a completion on how close we come to achieving this potential. Specific productivity indexes (SPI`s - BFPD/(PSI*FT)), specific injectivity indexes SII`s - (BFPD/(PSI*FT)), and completion efficiencies (CE`s -percent of Darcy radial flow) can be calculated at various times throughout a well completion. Analysis of these data quantifies the efficiency of the completion after each individual completion operation, allowing a determination of the effects of each completion practice to be made. In addition to completion efficiency data, a comparison of gravel placement volumes behind casing helps quantify optimum gravel packing procedures. Twenty-two Gulf of Mexico completions have been analyzed using this technique. This paper will detail the results of this analysis, in particular the productivity effects of various methods of underbalanced perforating, gravel packing, and well control. Items of discussion include: the effects of underbalanced perforating on well performance, the effects of flowback after perforating on perforation tunnel cleaning, productivity impacts of various types of well control methods following perforating and gravel packing, and comparisons of gravel pack design parametersmore » and gravel placement behind casing.« less
The activity-dependent transcription factor NPAS4 regulates domain-specific inhibition

The transcription factor NPAS4 enables neurons to distinguish synaptic inputs received at their soma or dendrites; sensory stimulation increases NPAS4 which promotes inhibitory synapses on the soma and destabilizes inhibitory synapses on the dendrites. Individual neurons distinguish synaptic inputs received at their soma and dendrites, but how behaviour may affect their balance has been unclear. Now Michael Greenberg and colleagues show that mouse hippocampus neurons respond to sensory enrichment with increased levels of the transcription factor NPAS4 and its target-gene product, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which then promotes inhibitory synapses on the cell body while destabilizing those on dendrites. Thus individual neurons respond to sensory stimulation by redrawing the map of their inhibitory inputs, restricting their somatic output while promoting plasticity at their dendrites. A heterogeneous population of inhibitory neurons controls the flow of information through a neural circuit1,2,3. Inhibitory synapses that form on pyramidal neuron dendrites modulate the summation of excitatory synaptic potentials4,5,6 and prevent the generation of dendritic calcium spikes7,8. Precisely timed somatic inhibition limits both the number of action potentials and the time window during which firing can occur8,9. The activity-dependent transcription factor NPAS4 regulates inhibitory synapse number and function in cell culture10, but how this transcription factor affects the inhibitory inputs that form on distinct domains of a neuron in vivo was unclear. Here we show that in the mouse hippocampus behaviourally driven expression of NPAS4 coordinatesthe redistribution of inhibitory synapses made onto a CA1 pyramidal neuron, simultaneously increasing inhibitory synapse number on the cell body while decreasing the number of inhibitory synapses on the apical dendrites. This rearrangement of inhibition is mediated in part by the NPAS4 target gene brain derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), which specifically regulates somatic, and not dendritic, inhibition. These findings indicate that sensory stimuli, by inducing NPAS4 and its target genes, differentially control spatial features of neuronal inhibition in a way that restricts the output of the neuron while creating a dendritic environment that is permissive for plasticity.
GRAVITATIONALLY-INDUCED PARTICLE RESORPTION INTO THE VACUUM: A GENERAL SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM OF BLACK HOLE COLLAPSE

The process of gravitationally-induced particle creation (Hawking radiation), if it exists, necessitates, in accordance with general thermodynamic principles, a corresponding process of gravitationally-induced particle resorption into the vacuum. Although the former process occurs in the external vicinity of the Schwarzschild surface where matter density is relatively low, the latter process would be expected to occur inside the Schwarzschild surface where the stellar material is enormously compressed and fermions fill all quantum states up to the Fermi level. I show that the occurrence of particle resorption provides a general mechanism, irrespective of the interactions of the constituent particles, which halts the collapse of a black hole to a singular point and leads to an equilibrium state of macroscopic extent.
Molecular mechanics of binding in carbon-nanotube–polymer composites

Nanoscale composites have been a technological dream for many years. Recently, increased interest has arisen in using carbon nanotubes as a filler for polymer composites, owing to their very small diameters on the order of 1 nm, very high aspect ratios of 1000 or more, and exceptional strength with Young’s modulus of approximately 1 TPa. A key issue for realizing these composites is obtaining good interfacial adhesion between the phases. In this work, we used force-field based molecular mechanics calculations to determine binding energies and sliding frictional stresses between pristine carbon nanotubes and a range of polymer substrates, in an effort to understand the factors governing interfacial adhesion. The particular polymers studied were chosen to correspond to reported composites in the literature. We also examined polymer morphologies by performing energy-minimizations in a vacuum. Hydrogen bond interactions with the ∏-bond network of pristine carbon nanotubes were found to bond most strongly to the surface, in the absence of chemically altered nanotubes. Surprisingly, we found that binding energies and frictional forces play only a minor role in determining the strength of the interface, but that helical polymer conformations are essential.
Terahertz detection using double quantum well devices

This paper discusses the principle of operation of an electrically tunable THz detector, working around 2.54 THz, integrated with a bowtie antenna. The detection is based on the idea of photon-assisted tunneling (PAT) in a double quantum well (DQW) device. The bowtie antenna is used to collect the THz radiation and feed it to the detector for processing. The Bowtie antenna geometry is integrated with the DQW device to achieve broadband characteristic, easy design, and compatibility with the detector fabrication process. The principle of operation of the detector is introduced first. Then, results of different bowtie antenna layouts are presented and discussed.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Concentrations of Erythromycin in Maturing Chinook Salmon after Intraperitoneal Injection of One of Two Drug Formulations

Abstract A dose (10 mg/kg) of erythromycin phosphate or erythromycin base was injected intraperitoneally into maturing spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha on one of three dates before sexual maturity to observe if differences in the concentrations of erythromycin remaining in tissues 14 d after injection could be attributed to the sex of fish, drug formulation, or timing of injection. No differences due to formulation of erythromycin or date of injection were detected in kidneys or spleens, but females injected with erythromycin phosphate had significantly higher levels of erythromycin/mL in the maturing ova than did fish injected with erythromycin base. Mean concentration of erythromycin in kidneys of fish was 1.6 μg erythromycin/g wet weight. Thirty-six of 37 females and 18 of 29 males had detectable erythromycin in the spleens. Only six fish had detectable erythromycin in the liver, and no muscle tissues collected had detectable erythromycin.
Oral vaccination of racoons (Procyon lotor) with baculovirus-expressed rabies virus glycoprotein

Successful field oral vaccination and protection against viral diseases have so far been achieved only with live-attenuated or live-recombinant virus vaccines. In this communication, we present data that demonstrate that a glycoprotein derived from recombinant baculovirus-infected insect cells is efficacious as an oral vaccine. The glycoprotein (G) of rabies virus (Evelyn Rokitnicki Abelseth strain) was abundantly expressed in a baculovirus expression system and oral vaccination of racoons with the baculovirus-expressed G protein resulted in the production of rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies and protection against a lethal challenge with a street rabies virus. The potential for using the baculovirus-expressed G protein for oral immunization of wildlife is discussed.
U.S. professional football game-day attendance

This paper uses Tobit analysis to estimate a model which explains game-day attendance at professional football games in the U.S. Several potential determinants of attendance are accounted for in the model. The data used in the analysis pertain to 392 regular season games played during the 1986 and 1987 National Football League seasons. The estimation results suggest that attendance is greater when the opposing teams—particularly, the home team—are of higher quality. There is also evidence that games expected to be close in score are more heavily attended than those that are not. Rainy conditions reduce fan turnout, although warmer temperatures lessen the negative effect of precipitation. Higher ticket prices lead to lower attendance, and fans are apparently indifferent to whether games are played either indoors or outdoors.
Determination of copper, iron, and zinc from a single small sample☆

Abstract Procedures have been described for the sequential determination of copper and iron in one aliquot of a trichloroacetic acid-ascorbic acid filtrate followed by the determination of zinc in a second aliquot. Alternatively, copper, iron, and zinc can be determined individually on three aliquots of the same solution or either can be determined separately on a smaller sample. All reactions are selective for the three metals under the described conditions. The various parameters of the procedure are shown to be optimum for color formation and without interference or interaction for any metal by either of the other two metals.
Temperature effects on nerve conduction studies in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome

This study was done to evaluate the effect of rising temperature on nerve conduction parameters in 22 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). We wanted to find out whether diseased nerves responded to temperature rise in a different manner from normal controls. For this purpose a group of 20 healthy individuals were also tested. With rising temperature motor nerve conduction velocities increased, whereas latencies, amplitudes and duration of the compound muscle action potential decreased in both groups. These changes were not statistically significant between the two groups. Sensory nerve conduction parameters yielded basically similar findings except for a significantly smaller reduction in amplitude of the compound nerve action potential (CNAP) in the CTS group (p < 0.005). We conclude that there is a different response in the sensory CNAP amplitude between normal and CTS groups, but the same nerve conduction correction formulae for temperature can be used in CTS patients as in normal individuals in the event of low skin temperature.
Vector finite-element analysis using IBM 3090–600e VF

A finite-element computer program consists of four basic modules, namely, computation of element stiffness matrices, assembly of the global stiffness matrix, solution of the system of linear simultaneous equations, and calculation of stresses. Vector algorithms consisting of direct vector Fortran code and the Engineering and Scientific Subroutine Library (ESSL) routines are presented for these modules. Numerical investigations were conducted using the IBM 3090–600E VF computer. For element stiffness matrix calculation, using a vector length equal to the number of elements produced speed-up in the range of 3·2 to 3·7 over the corresponding scalar code. The vectorized global element stiffness matrix assembly was accomplished with the help of an INDEX array and the ESSL routine DAXPYI that resulted in the speed-up of 2·6 to 4·3. The ESSL routines DPBF and DPBS gave speed-up of 7·7 to 53·6 over a scalar Gaussian solver. The scalar-to-vector speed-up for the stress calculation ranges from 2·2 to 5·33. The speed-up of the totally vectorized program over the scalar program is from 7·4 to 51·9. As would be expected, the equation solution takes up the most computational effort in a finite-element analysis. For the models we analysed the equation solution consumed 93 per cent to almost 100 per cent of the total CPU time in the scalar computations. Vectorizing the equation solver only reduces the percentage of its share to the range of 63 per cent to 88 per cent. In a totally vectorized program, the share of the equation solver effort is 85 per cent to 97 per cent. For the models analysed, the additional speed-up accomplished by vectorizing the whole program over the one with a vectorized equation solver only was from 10 per cent to 40 per cent.
Stage migration with sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer

Abstract Background Axillary staging provides the single most important piece of prognostic information in breast cancer patients. This retrospective study was performed to document the phenomenon of stage migration. Methods Of 392 patients, 5 (1%) failed identification of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) and therefore underwent axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Four patients (80%) had metastatic lymph nodes, 302 (77%) patients had negative SLNs, 47 (15%) underwent ALND, 85 (22%) had positive SLNs, 11 (13%) received adjuvant radiation treatment to the axilla, and 74 (87%) underwent completion ALND. Results The median (quartiles) follow-up period was 29 months (19–46 mo). Twenty of 392 (5%) patients had disease relapse; 2 of which were local (.5%) and the rest were systemic. Earlier relapse was related significantly to lymph node status, tumor grade, and tumor size. SLN-negative patients who did not receive ALND had a relapse rate of 2.3% (6 of 256) compared with 0% in those who were truly negative based on confirmatory ALND. SLN-positive patients who did not receive ALND had a 9% (1 of 11) relapse rate. Discussion The stage-matched pattern of relapse between SLN biopsy and ALND patients revealed lower relapse rates in SLN biopsy–staged patients, documenting the stage migration phenomenon.
Sensitivity and specificity of transesophageal echocardiography for determination of aortic valve morphology.

Abstract Background Preoperative recognition of the presence of bicuspid aortic valve can be important in the planning of procedures. Multiplane transesophageal echocardiography may allow more accurate detection of valvular morphology than does biplane transesophageal echocardiography. Methods and Results The studies of 710 patients who subsequently underwent valvular or aortic surgery were reviewed in a blinded fashion. The inclusion criteria were adequate short-axis view and operative note confirmation of aortic valve morphology. Six hundred eight patients were submitted to further analysis. Four hundred three patients had aortic stenosis as the primary diagnosis. Three hundred sixty patients had biplane examinations and 248 had multiplane examinations. The sensitivity and specificity of the multiplane technique in assessing aortic valve morphology (bicuspid vs tricuspid valve) was 87% and 91%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the biplane technique was 66% and 56%, respectively. Whether valves were calcified or not did not result in major changes in sensitivity and specificity for either technique. Conclusions Multiplane transesophageal echocardiography provides a more accurate assessment of preoperative aortic valve morphology than does the biplane approach in the majority of patients. (Am Heart J 2000;139:1071-6.)
Experimental studies with total and static urethral pressures in canine urethra and their clinical significance

Canine experiments were conducted in order to determine potential sources of error in measurement of total and static urethral pressures during urodynamic studies. Transmural urethral cannulas were inserted at various urethral sites, downstream and upstream of an elastic constriction, and attempts were made to study 1) the effect of increasing rates of urethral perfusion, 2) the differences in static and total urethral pressures at a urethral site, and 3) the differences between the static pressures recorded through the transmural cannulas and the intraurethral catheter. More than 300 pressure measurements were made in 14 dogs (both male and female). The results suggested that 1) static pressure increases with increasing rates of infusion, 2) when constrictions are applied in the midurethra, the increase of pressure is greater in the proximal (upstream) than the distal (downstream) urethral segments, 3) the total urethral pressures were (4 to 10%) higher than the static pressures, and 4) although statistically not significant, the static pressures recorded through the urethral catheter were lower than those recorded through the extraluminal transmural cannula.
Cross-impact gaming applied to global planning

Several efforts to deal with the problem of shrinking global resources have succeeded in alerting the public to the threatening disastrous consequences of a continuing laissez-faire attitude in the face of currently observable population and industrialization trends. But little has been done to provide positive, realistic plans for countering these threats. A systematic move in the direction of constructive global planning will have to be based on a new kind of model which includes reactions to uncertain contingencies as they arise. The present paper is intended to provide a methodological approach to the design of planning models appropriate for this purpose. The illustration presented here, in contrast to traditional approaches, has the form of an interactive simulation model. In addition to trends (e.g., in population, pollution, and per-capita food supply) the model includes events. The latter are of two kinds: stochastic occurrences, such as technological breakthroughs, which represent uncertain contingencies, and deliberate interventive reactions to such stochastic occurrences as legislative acts, treaties, and increased research-and-development efforts. A full-fledged attempt to apply simulation to global planning would require a very substantial effort. The present paper represents a first methodological step toward the implementation of such an endeavor. 5 references, 14 tables.
Corn Response to Within Row Plant Spacing Variation

Recent interest in establishing uniform spacing of corn (Zea mays L.) plants in the field has prompted many seed companies to offer planter-tuning services. Experiments were conducted in Wisconsin environments between 1999 and 2001 to investigate the response of corn to plant spacing variation (PSV). During 1999, adapted hybrids were grown in the field by overseeding and thinning to 37 000 and 74 000 plants ha -1 in a two-plant pattern with target PSV treatments of 0, 10.2, 20.3, and 30.5 cm and 0, 2.5, 5.1, 7.6, 10.2, and 12.7 cm, respectively. During 2000 and 2001, two-, four-, and eight-plant hill patterns were established with target PSV treatments of 5.1 and 10.2 cm; 5.1, 10.2, and 20.3 cm; 5.1 10.2, 20.3, and 30.5 cm standard deviation. The control treatment was a target PSV of 0 cm. In this study, PSV never affected plant lodging or grain test weight. In one of 24 environments grain moisture was significantly affected, but no relationship was observed with PSV. Grain yield was rarely affected by PSV in two-plant patterns. Relative grain yield was reduced up to 18% as plant spacing became more hill-like in two-, four-, and eight-plant patterns. Relative grain yield was reduced 1.06% cm -1 standard deviation as PSV increased above 12.0 cm. However, for most farmer field situations at current plant density recommendations, corn grain yield would not be affected by PSV, except when obvious hills are planted.
Synthesis of N-vinyl substituted indoles and their acid-catalyzed behavior

Abstract A mild cross-coupling reaction has been used to access several N -vinyl substituted indoles. When treated with acid, these unique enamines produce novel dimeric and trimeric products derived from a preferred protonation reaction at the enamine π-bond.
Anterior surgery for odontoid fractures

Odontoid fractures are a common fracture in both the elderly and the young. Anterior and posterior surgeries are both options when it comes to stabilizing type II odontoid fractures. Anterior surgery involves placing a lag screw across the fracture through the standard anterior approach and is typically thought to be best suited for younger patients in hopes to preserve motion. Healing rates for anterior surgery vary from 60% to 90%, but several studies show higher fusion rate for posterior surgery. While complications exist from either option, there is no definite superiority, and individual decisions must be based on a discussion with the patient.
Prognostic significance of DNA content and S-phase fraction in epithelial ovarian carcinomas analyzed by image cytometry.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction (SPF) in epithelial ovarian carcinomas analyzed by image cytometry. Frozen tissue of 103 epithelial ovarian carcinomas was analyzed for DNA ploidy and SPF with a Cell Analysis System Image Analyser (CAS 200, Becton-Dickinson) and correlations with clinical and histomorphologic factors and time to progression and overall survival were evaluated by univariate and multivariable analysis. Fifty-four percent of the ovarian carcinomas were found to be diploid, 38% aneuploid, and 8% tetraploid. The S-phase fraction was low ( /=14.5%) in 26% of the patients. By univariate analysis overall survival and time to progression were significantly correlated with the S-phase fraction (P = 0.003 and P = 0.003), but not with DNA ploidy (P = 0. 31 and P = 0.51). A DNA index > 1.4 was correlated with poor outcome but the result did not achieve formal statistical significance (P = 0.08 and P = 0.12). A high SPF was a strong predictor of early recurrence, while a low SPF identified patients with a favorable long-term outcome. Other significant predictors of survival were FIGO stage, grade of differentiation, presence of distant metastasis, residual tumor, lymph node metastasis, and patient age. In multivariable statistical analysis only FIGO stage, histologic grade, and residual tumor after surgery were independent predictors of overall survival and time to progression.
Radiology Education 2.0—On the Cusp of Change: Part 2. eBooks; File Sharing and Synchronization Tools; Websites/Teaching Files; Reference Management Tools and Note Taking Applications

Increasing use of smartphones and handheld computers is accompanied by a rapid growth in the other related industries. Electronic books have revolutionized the centuries-old conventional books and magazines markets and have simplified publishing by reducing the cost and processing time required to create and distribute any given book. We are now able to read, review, store, and share various types of documents via several electronic tools, many of which are available free of charge. Additionally, this electronic revolution has resulted in an explosion of readily available Internet-based educational resources for the residents and has paved the path for educators to reach out to a larger and more diverse student population.
Analytical expressions and lineshape simulations for Levitt-Suter-Ernst composite-pulse quadrupolar echo sequences

Abstract Analytical expressions are derived for the Levitt-Suter-Emst composite quadrupolar echo sequences, allowing facile lineshape calculations for comparison with experiment. Large phase distortions in the lineshape obtained with the first-order sequence are significantly reduced with the second-order sequence. For 90° pulse lengths greater than ∼5μs, both sequences produce large phase errors for typical 2H quadrupolar coupling strengths in solids.
Bazedoxifene Exhibits Antiestrogenic Activity in Animal Models of Tamoxifen-Resistant Breast Cancer: Implications for Treatment of Advanced Disease

Purpose: There is compelling evidence to suggest that drugs that function as pure estrogen receptor (ER-α) antagonists, or that downregulate the expression of ER-α, would have clinical use in the treatment of advanced tamoxifen- and aromatase-resistant breast cancer. Although such compounds are currently in development, we reasoned, based on our understanding of ER-α pharmacology, that there may already exist among the most recently developed selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) compounds that would have usage as breast cancer therapeutics. Thus, our objective was to identify among available SERMs those with unique pharmacologic activities and to evaluate their potential clinical use with predictive models of advanced breast cancer. Experimental Design: A validated molecular profiling technology was used to classify clinically relevant SERMs based on their impact on ER-α conformation. The functional consequences of these observed mechanistic differences on (i) gene expression, (ii) receptor stability, and (iii) activity in cellular and animal models of advanced endocrine-resistant breast cancer were assessed. Results: The high-affinity SERM bazedoxifene was shown to function as a pure ER-α antagonist in cellular models of breast cancer and effectively inhibited the growth of both tamoxifen-sensitive and -resistant breast tumor xenografts. Interestingly, bazedoxifene induced a unique conformational change in ER-α that resulted in its proteasomal degradation, although the latter activity was dispensable for its antagonist efficacy. Conclusion: Bazedoxifene was recently approved for use in the European Union for the treatment of osteoporosis and thus may represent a near-term therapeutic option for patients with advanced breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 19(9); 2420–31. ©2013 AACR .
Analyzing genetic factors involved in recombinant protein expression enhancement

Understanding the genetic factors that promote recombinant protein accumulation in transgenic plants will provide insightful strategies for protein biofactory efficiency. Through combining biological and bioinformatics analysis, our work is to determine genetic and biological factors affecting increased protein accumulation of a bacterial cellulase enzyme in transgenic maize. Microarray experiments were performed on maize near-isogenic lines that exhibit high and low accumulation of the enzyme expressed from a transgene in seeds. Through microarray data analysis, two thousand three hundred thirteen genes were identified which exhibited at least a 1.5-fold change in expression level. One hundred sixty-one genes from the data set are shown to be statistically valid. Of these, eighty-two genes are up-regulated while seventy-nine genes are down-regulated. Preliminary functional analysis of the genes was conducted and several pathways of biological importance were tentatively identified. These genes code for four categories of proteins: known proteins, zein proteins, putative proteins and unknown proteins. Further functional clustering and annotation analysis for these genes will help construct and define networks of interaction as well as predict important metabolic pathways to understand the controlling mechanisms that lead to the hyper-accumulation phenomenon.
Coordinated Regulation of 23S rRNA Maturation in Escherichia coli

In Escherichia coli, rRNAs are transcribed as precursors and require processing at the 3′ and 5′ ends to generate mature RNA molecules. The largest of these RNAs, 23S rRNA, is matured at the 3′ end by a set of exonucleases and at the 5′ end by an unknown RNase. Whether the 3′ and 5′ maturation steps occur independently or are coupled has previously been unclear. By assessing the levels of precursors accumulating at the 3′ and 5′ ends, we provide evidence that these processes may be linked. Thus, each of several conditions that led to precursor accumulation at one end also did so at the other end. We also observed that each end undergoes maturation at similar rates, suggesting that the two processes could be coupled. Finally, we provide evidence that processing at the 3′ end facilitates 5′-end maturation. A model to explain the basis for the observed directionality of the reactions is proposed. This information will aid in the search for the enzyme responsible for final maturation of the 5′ end of 23S rRNA.
Integrality of a ratio of Petersson norms and level-lowering congruences

We prove integrality of the ratiof, f� /� g, g� (outside an explicit finite set of primes), where g is an arithmetically normalized holomorphic newform on a Shimura curve, f is a normalized Hecke eigenform on GL(2) with the same Hecke eigenvalues as g and � , � denotes the Petersson inner product. The primes dividing this ratio are shown to be closely related to certain level-lowering con- gruences satisfied by f and to the central values of a family of Rankin-Selberg L-functions. Finally we give two applications, the first to proving the integral- ity of a certain triple product L-value and the second to the computation of the Faltings height of Jacobians of Shimura curves.
Mathematical justification for the fuzzy set modeling of uncertain systems

Current difficulties in combining different forms of knowledge about a system stem from the fact that existing system modeling and control design tools can process only one form of knowledge. A horizontal combination of different forms of knowledge can be possible only if a unified representation of knowledge is developed offering an integrated framework for knowledge representation and processing. The objective of this paper is twofold: 1) the paper provides a justification for the fuzzy set modeling of systems with parametric uncertainty by showing that uncertainty induces ambiguity in system analysis that can be resolved using fuzzy set modeling; 2) it presents a preliminary development of a different approach to fuzzy representation of uncertain mathematical models, where the fuzzy model is described by Mamdani-type fuzzy IF-THEN rules.
Louise Hartz, The Liberal Tradition in America: An Appraisal *

The Liberal Tradition in America, by Louis Hartz, appeared in 1955. Since then it has taken a place among those few recent essays interpreting the course of American political thought that deserve our serious consideration. One thinks of works by Hofstadter, Boorstin, and Rossiter as comparable examples of the genre. In examining Professor Hartz's book, or any of its counterparts, I cannot believe that it would be useful or proper to assume the solemn office of a high tribunal, weighing the merits of a candidate for immortality. Classics declare themselves in their own good time. To treat an interesting contemporary discussion as an established masterpiece would be to sink the book under a punitive burden.
Moving CS50 into the cloud

In Fall 2008, we moved Harvard College's introductory computer science course, CS50, into the cloud. Rather than continue to rely on our own instructional computing infrastructure on campus, we created a load-balanced cluster of virtual machines (VMs) for our 330 students within Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2). Our goals were both technical and pedagogical. As computer scientists, we wanted more control over our course's infrastructure (e.g., root access), so that we ourselves could install software at will and respond to students' needs at any hour without an IT department between us and our systems. As teachers, we wanted easier access to our students' work (as via su) as well as the ability to grow and shrink our infrastructure as problem sets' computational requirements demanded. But we also wanted to integrate into the course's own syllabus discussion of scalability, virtualization, multi-core processing, and cloud computing itself. What better way to teach topics like those than to have students actually experience them. Although Amazon supported our experiment financially with credits, it was not without costs. Serving as our own system administers cost us time, as did some self-induced late-night technical difficulties. But the upsides proved worth it, as we accomplished our goals. We present in this paper what we did right, what we did wrong, and how we did both so that others can more easily build their own home in the cloud.
A Pyrolysis Product, Anhydroecgonine Methyl Ester (Methylecgonidine), is in the Urine of Cocaine Smokers

[ Abstract A method uslng combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for determination of the cocaine pyrolysis product anhydroecgonine methyl ester (AEME) in urine is described. Ustng this method, we found that human subjects who smoked coca|ne under laboratory conditions excreted substantial amounts of AEME in thelr urine. Little, if any, AEME was excreted in the urine when the same subjects were admlnistered coca ine by intravenous and Jntranasal routes. AEME may b~~a useful marker for coca]ne (crack) smoking. The pharmac~logy of AEME is unknown. The possibility that AEME may play a role in the effects associated with cocaine smoking needs to be examined.
Boundary asymptotic stabilizability of a nonlinear fluid structure interaction

We consider a model of fluid-structure interaction in a bounded domain Ω ∈ ℝ2 where Ω is comprised of two open adjacent domains occupied, respectively, by the solid and the fluid. This leads to a study of Navier Stokes equation coupled on the boundary to the dynamic system of elasticity. We shall consider models when the elastic body exhibits small but rapid oscillations. These are established models arising in engineering applications when the structure is immersed in a viscous flow of liquid. The goal of the work is to present recent results on asymptotic stabilizability of the interactive structure. It will be shown that under suitable geometric conditions imposed on the domain the model is asymptotically stabilizable with a boundary feedback acting as a force on the interface. The required geometric conditions result from the presence of the pressure acting upon the solid.
Following Different Pathways: Social Integration, Achievement, and the Transition to High School

This study expands research on an academic and social turning point for adolescents, the transition to high school, by analyzing how students’ level of social integration into school can affect high school academic performance. Using nationally representative data, three different pathways emerged as students transition to high school, characterized by varying amounts of disruption and opportunity for new social relationships upon entering high school. Findings suggest that elements of middle school social integration, including teacher bonding, popularity, and extracurricular participation, affect academic achievement when students enter high school. However, the association between integration into school and academic performance appears to be contingent upon the pathway students follow.