cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prospective study of psychiatric morbidity in HIV-seropositive women without AIDS.

Abstract Prospective studies of psychiatric morbidity in HIV-seropositive women without AIDS have not been previously reported. As part of a 5-year longitudinal study, psychiatric diagnoses are described in 20 employed, educated women who are not intravenous drug abusers. This population is markedly different from the urban, minority, intravenous drug dependent groups previously studied and may be more representative of women who acquire the virus through heterosexual contact. Heterosexual transmission was the rule; 20% had HIV-seropositive spouses. All women were largely asymptomatic and in the early stages of infection. Mean length of knowledge of seropositivity was 14.4 months. Fifty percent were found to have an Axis I diagnosis (35% if minor diagnoses are excluded). None developed major depression or became dependent on drugs; 5% abused alcohol. Fifteen percent exhibited subtle signs of cognitive decline. Suicidal behavior and psychiatric hospitalization were absent. Sexual functioning was disrupted in a majority, with 20% meeting criteria for new onset hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Consistently “safe sex” practices were adhered to in 40%; in spite of intensive and repeated HIV education, 60% engaged in unprotected intercourse after knowledge of seropositivity. Progression of HIV infection was found to be three times faster than in a comparable male sample.
A Dose-Ranging Study of the Pharmacokinetics of Codeine Phosphate following Intravenous Administration to Rats

Abstract The linearity of the pharmacokinetics of codeine was examined in male Sprague–Dawley rats given iv bolus doses of 1,1.5,3, and 4 mg/kg of codeine phosphate. Codeine and morphine were determined in serial blood samples utilizing HPLC with electrochemical detection. Codeine exhibits characteristics consistent with a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model. The kinetics of codeine are linear in the iv dose range 1–4 mg/kg. The ratio AUC morphme :AUC codemo increases disproportionately with increasing doses of codeine.
Resilience and Patterns of Health Risk Behaviors in California Adolescents

OBJECTIVES Assess whether adolescent health risk behaviors cluster, and whether resiliency factors are associated with observed clusters.
Early and late outcome of surgical repair for small abdominal aortic aneurysms: A population-based analysis

Abstract Purpose: Whether small abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) (≤ 5 cm in diameter) should be repaired early to enhance late survival remains controversial. Long-term population-based data on the surgical outcome for small AAAs may help to establish practice guidelines until randomized clinical trials completed. Methods: To examine an entire community experience with small AAAs, we conducted a population-based analysis of the recognition, reasons for operation, perioperative mortality rates, and late survival in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Results: The incidence of recognized small AAAs increased thirtyfold during a 30-year period. The propensity to repair small AAAs also increased during the same period. Eventually one third of small AAAs were repaired. The primary reasons for surgical consultation and operation were presence of the aneurysm (49%), expansion on serial examination (28%), nonspecific abdominal or back symptoms (18%), and excessive patient anxiety about the aneurysm (5%). Community operative mortality rates for small AAAs were low (2.6%) compared with those for large aneurysms (5.5%) ( p = 0.65). However, the observed 5-year survival rate for the group undergoing repair of small aneurysms was 62%, which was significantly less than the 83% expected survival for the general population ( p Conclusions: The results of our population-based analysis indicate that early operative results for elective repair of small AAAs are excellent, but late survival remains significantly impaired by coronary heart disease. Consequently, our data question whether early repair of small AAAs will enhance late survival. Until randomized clinical trials on management of small AAAs are completed, most small AAAs should be monitored for expansion and operated on electively when they approach or enter the range of 5 to 6 cm in good-risk patients. (J VASC SURG 1993;18:684-91.)
Shifts and dips in inelastic-electron-tunneling spectra due to the tunnel-junction environment

In general, the tunnel-junction environment has proved to be surprisingly benign; tunneling spectra of molecules included within tunnel junctions are similar to infrared and Raman spectra of molecules not covered by a metal electrode. Peak shifts have been typically less than the linewidth of the peaks, and peak intensities have been comparable to infrared and Raman intensities. Here we report a different situation for tunnel junctions containing molecules adsorbed on metal particles. Specifically, we find that different-top-metal electrodes give different tunneling spectra for CO on alumina-supported iron and rhodium particles. Though metals with similar atomic radii give similar spectra, metals with dissimilar atomic radii can give qualitatively different spectra. We also find anomalies concerning intensities. Specifically, for methyl isocyanide adsorbed on alumina-supported rhodium particles, the strongest peak in the infrared spectrum, the -N \ensuremath{\equiv} C stretching mode, appears as a dip in the tunneling spectrum.
Rigidochromism in metal-centered emission of Rh(III) complexes

Abstract A thermally induced redshift in a metal-centered 3 T 1 ⇒ 1 A 1 emission is due to population of the higher energy component of 3 T 1 , split by a low symmetry field. The population of this level is increased by solvent motion and the redshift then appears as rigidochromism.
Acute reduction of extracellular sodium differentially affects receptor-mediated and K+-induced calcium uptake in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells

Using a rapid-quench method to measure 45Ca2+ uptake into PC12 cells in suspension, we have studied basal, carbachol-stimulated and K+-induced Ca2+ uptake under control conditions [( Na+]o = 130 mM) and in the presence of acutely lowered extracellular sodium concentration [( Na+]o = 65 mM). Acute reduction of [Na+]o stimulates basal and K+-evoked Ca2+ uptake, but reduces net carbachol-stimulated uptake. Since total Ca2+ uptake measured in the presence of carbachol under control and low [Na+]o conditions is unchanged, the reduction in carbachol-stimulated uptake is due to the increase in basal uptake induced by low [Na+]o. These results reconcile apparently conflicting data regarding a specific Na+ requirement for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated responses in PC12 cells and adrenal chromaffin cells and suggest a mechanism for loss of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) responsiveness to agonists under low Na+ conditions.
A generalization of Michael finite dimensional selection theorem

In this paper we generalize the classical finite dimensional selection theorem due to Michael [12, theorem 1.2] to the case where the target space is only a Hausdorff uniform space. This also generalizes the zero-dimensional selection theorem of Fakhoury-Gieler [7, 8]. The proof of this generalization utilizes an elegant construction due to Ageev.
Impacts of introduced grasses on breeding season habitat use by northern bobwhite in the South Texas plains

Introduced grasses may affect diversity of native fauna and flora adversely, and disrupt ecosystem processes. Many rangelands in South Texas have been seeded to or have been colonized by buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) and Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana), perennial bunchgrasses native to Africa. The objective of this research was to quantify impacts that these 2 species of introduced grasses may have on northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) habitat use on South Texas rangelands during the breeding period (Apr–Aug). We evaluated the effects of buffelgrass and Lehmann lovegrass on northern bobwhite nest habitat (n = 35 nests) and general habitat use sites (n = 86 radiomarked quail) with logistic regression and habitat selection functions based on simple saddlepoint approximations. Buffelgrass was used as a nesting substrate at 11% of nests; however, vegetation height and visual obstruction between 1 cm and 30 cm were the best predictors of nest site use. Areas of introduced grass coverage ≥15–20% were avoided by northern bobwhites at general habitat use organism-centered points, but not at nest site use points. Introduced grass coverage and forb coverage were the best predictors of general habitat use, and bobwhites avoided areas with ≥18% introduced grass cover. These results suggest that avoidance of areas with extensive introduced grass cover may indicate a reduction in usable habitat space for northern bobwhite in the western South Texas plains. Maintaining native grass stands while implementing localized control of introduced grasses could be used as a strategy to promote habitat for northern bobwhites. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
The effect of type of behavior on behavior change caused by type of upcoming food substance

Abstract Previous research suggests that rats will decrease their consumption of a low-valued substance if a high-valued one will soon be available (anticipatory contrast), but will increase their rate of operant responding for a low-valued substance if a high-valued one will soon be available (positive induction). The present experiments tested whether rats would increase their operant rate of licking or lever pressing for 1% liquid-sucrose reinforcement when 32% sucrose reinforcement was upcoming in the same session. Results indicated that upcoming 32% sucrose increased rates of lever pressing for 1% sucrose, but did not produce similar increases in rates of licking. In fact, upcoming 32% sucrose significantly reduced lick rates in Experiment 2. The present results suggest that the different changes in behavior may be linked to the specific response that the subjects must engage in to obtain the reward (i.e., licking vs. lever pressing), and not to the function of the behavior (i.e., consummatory vs. operant) or to how frequently the substances are available (i.e., continuously vs. intermittently).
Imagined communities in the global game: soccer and the development of Dutch national identity

Abstract Using the recent history of Dutch soccer as an illustrative case, this article supports a line of argument in globalization studies that generally focuses on the variable reverberations of globalization and more specifically suggests that globalization entails the embattled redefinition of national identities. I show how the involvement of the Dutch national team in global competition aided the construction of a myth of national football distinction and how media coverage and discourse turned this myth into a key element of a re imagined national community. The Dutch view of themselves as a unique soccer nation fits familiar global patterns, and a sociologically informed critique of their romantic soccer self-image displays the myth as myth. At the same time, however, the critique is part of the discourse, which involves more than an a historical expressive myth erected as a defence against globalization. I argue that it is more complex, more reflexive and more fluid than some accounts of soccer nationalism would lead us to expect or than nostalgic neopatriots might prefer. The article thus also offers a critique of a standard critique of national sports image-making, which fits with a promising thrust in soccer and globalization scholarship.
Electron localization in Mo-C films.

We report the transport properties of thin Mo-C films which show the weak-localization behavior as the thickness is varied from 8.6 to 20.6 \AA{}. The inelastic and spin-orbit scattering times were determined from magnetoresistance measurements; a crossover is observed at T\ensuremath{\sim}30 K at which we argue results from ``antilocalization.''
Energy deposition of energetic silicon atoms within a silicon lattice

The energy dependence of the ionization produced in silicon by recoiling silicon atoms was measured in the 4--54-keV energy interval. It is found that the fraction of the recoil energy that is dissipated as ionization follows an {ital E}{sup 1/2} dependence which agrees well with the predictions of the theory of Lindhard {ital et} {ital al}. (Mat. Fys. Medd. 33, 10 (1963)).
Explicit Contexts in LF (Extended Abstract)

The standard methodology for representing deductive systems in LF identifies the object's language's context with the LF context. Consequently, any variable dealt with explicitly by any judgement or metatheorem must be last in the context. When the object language is dependently typed, this can pose a problem for establishing some metatheoretic results, since dependent hypotheses cannot be re-ordered at will. This paper presents a general technique that addresses such problems, based on representing the object language's context as an explicit object in LF while retaining the use of higher-order representation for the object language's syntax. A central result is that it is possible to convert between explicit and implicit contexts, which makes it feasible to use the standard methodology for most developments, but use explicit contexts where necessary. We do not propose any extensions to LF; the technique can be utilized in standard LF.
High-level ab initio calculations on the NiO2 system

Abstract Several high-level ab initio methods were employed in studies of the narrow singlet-triplet separation of the cyclic form of nickel dioxide (NiO 2 ). It is shown that the complete versions of the locally renormalized coupled cluster method with singles, doubles, and noniterative triples (LR-CCSD(T)) approach, in contrast to the standard CCSD(T) method, provides results in concert with predictions of the density functional theory (DFT) and internally contracted multi-reference configuration interaction method (IC-MRCI), which favor the triplet state to be the lowest one. Relevant discussion of several aspects related to the underlying CCSD calculations, indicate that the dominant role of singly excited amplitudes violates the paradigm about the leading role of two-body effects in the description of the correlation energy. We also show that the multireference perturbation theory, exemplified here by the Generalized Van Vleck Perturbation Theory, requires the use of very large model space in order to properly describe the non-dynamical correlation effects.
Changes in elasticities of interstate migration: implication of alternative functional forms.

...Problems of using a linear log-linear or other simple functional forms for the study of interstate migration have been discussed. A general form and the procedure to estimate it have been introduced. 1970 [U.S.] Census data for the 48 contiguous states have been used to estimate the parameters in the general form. (EXCERPT)
Formation and thermal decomposition of ethyl groups on transition metal surfaces: Ethyl iodide on Pt(111)

Abstract The surface chemistry of ethyl iodide over Pt(111) surfaces has been studied by using thermal desorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. Molecular desorption of ethyl iodide takes place in two steps: desorption from a condensed multilayer below 200 K is followed by monolayer desorption at 240 K. The remaining adsorbed molecules react on the platinum surface to form ethyl groups and iodine atoms. Methane and ethane desorption is observed at about 255 K. Adsorbed ethyl dehydrogenates further yielding ethylene, presumably by β-hydrogen elimination, analogously to well established results seen in organometallic compounds. Some of the ethylene desorbs around 200 K but most of it remains on the surface and reacts to produce gaseous ethane and chemisorbed ethylidyne. Ethylidyne then decomposes starting at 400 K, until total dehydrogenation around 700 K. Hydrogen desorption is detected as product from each step in the surface reactions.
Instance Annotation for Multi-Instance Multi-Label Learning

Multi-instance multi-label learning (MIML) is a framework for supervised classification where the objects to be classified are bags of instances associated with multiple labels. For example, an image can be represented as a bag of segments and associated with a list of objects it contains. Prior work on MIML has focused on predicting label sets for previously unseen bags. We instead consider the problem of predicting instance labels while learning from data labeled only at the bag level. We propose a regularized rank-loss objective designed for instance annotation, which can be instantiated with different aggregation models connecting instance-level labels with bag-level label sets. The aggregation models that we consider can be factored as a linear function of a “support instance” for each class, which is a single feature vector representing a whole bag. Hence we name our proposed methods rank-loss Support Instance Machines (SIM). We propose two optimization methods for the rank-loss objective, which is nonconvex. One is a heuristic method that alternates between updating support instances, and solving a convex problem in which the support instances are treated as constant. The other is to apply the constrained concave-convex procedure (CCCP), which can also be interpreted as iteratively updating support instances and solving a convex problem. To solve the convex problem, we employ the Pegasos framework of primal subgradient descent, and prove that it finds an e-suboptimal solution in runtime that is linear in the number of bags, instances, and 1/e. Additionally, we suggest a method of extending the linear learning algorithm to nonlinear classification, without increasing the runtime asymptotically. Experiments on artificial and real-world datasets including images and audio show that the proposed methods achieve higher accuracy than other loss functions used in prior work, e.g., Hamming loss, and recent work in ambiguous label classification.
The degradation of proteins.

Abstract Rate equations for a degrading system based on a simple step mechanism are considered. The initial attack is assumed to occur at random. It is followed by a further random depolymerization of the intermediate fragments but, in general, at a different rate. Depending on the ratio of the two rates, widely differing features result and the theory permits a quantitative analysis of the deviations from completely random degradation. When the intermediate molecules react very rapidly, the picture is qualitatively similar to that resulting from a chain reaction in which the length of a “zip” is larger than, or comparable to the original chain length. However, significant differences in respect to average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution occur. When the intermediate fragments react very slowly, the cumulative distribution of molecular weights is practically identical with the one resulting from random depolymerization. Experimental data on acid hydrolysis are discussed in the light of these latter results.
Kinetics of Cardiac Thin-Filament Activation Probed by Fluorescence Polarization of Rhodamine-Labeled Troponin C in Skinned Guinea Pig Trabeculae

A genetically engineered cardiac TnC mutant labeled at Cys-84 with tetramethylrhodamine-5-iodoacetamide dihydroiodide was passively exchanged for the endogenous form in skinned guinea pig trabeculae. The extent of exchange averaged nearly 70%, quantified by protein microarray of individual trabeculae. The uniformity of its distribution was verified by confocal microscopy. Fluorescence polarization, giving probe angle and its dispersion relative to the fiber long axis, was monitored simultaneously with isometric tension. Probe angle reflects underlying cTnC orientation. In steady-state experiments, rigor cross-bridges and Ca2+ with vanadate to inhibit cross-bridge formation produce a similar change in probe orientation as that observed with cycling cross-bridges (no Vi). Changes in probe angle were found at [Ca2+] well below those required to generate tension. Cross-bridges increased the Ca2+ dependence of angle change (cooperativity). Strong cross-bridge formation enhanced Ca2+ sensitivity and was required for full change in probe position. At submaximal [Ca2+], the thin filament regulatory system may act in a coordinated fashion, with the probe orientation of Ca2+-bound cTnC significantly affected by Ca2+ binding at neighboring regulatory units. The time course of the probe angle change and tension after photolytic release [Ca2+] by laser photolysis of NP-EGTA was Ca2+ sensitive and biphasic: a rapid component ∼10 times faster than that of tension and a slower rate similar to that of tension. The fast component likely represents steps closely associated with Ca2+ binding to site II of cTnC, whereas the slow component may arise from cross-bridge feedback. These results suggest that the thin filament activation rate does not limit the tension time course in cardiac muscle.
Direct Proof of the Existence of Metastable Molecules in Active Nitrogen

THE two bands 2760.6 and 2603.8, which are the (0,6) and the (0,5) bands respectively of the new band system discovered by me recently in gaseous nitrogen1, have now been observed in the nitrogen afterglow. These bands originate on the A3 state, and their appearance in the afterglow provides direct proof of the existence in it of metastable molecules. The tube, in which the afterglow was photographed, was running in the so-called green stage2, corresponding to the lowest current at which it will show an appreciably strong afterglow. In this afterglow are also present both second-positive and first-positive bands, which originate on vibrational levels higher than those that normally occur in electrical discharges in nitrsogen. In fact, it is the presence of these first-positive bands that gives both the afterglow and the discharge their char acteristic green-white colour.
Contact activation prolongs clot lysis time in human plasma: role of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor and Factor XIII.

Background Contact activation system proteins (e.g., Factor XII, kallikrein) have been implicated as direct or indirect activators of plasminogen. However, contact activation and Factor XI have enhanced thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) activation and decreased fibrinolysis, and Factor XIII (FXIII) also delays fibrinolysis via α2-anti-plasmin deposition on fibrin polymers. Thus, the goals of this study were to define how fibrinolysis is modulated in human plasma by contact or tissue factor (TF) activation, and what role TAFI and FXIII plays in this system. Methods Normal, TAFI-deficient and TAFI-deficient/FXIII-supplemented plasma was exposed to tissue-type plasminogen activator and activated with either celite or TF. Clot growth/disintegration kinetics were documented with thrombelastography. Results Normal plasma activated with celite had significantly prolonged onset and duration of clot lysis compared with samples activated with TF. TAFI-deficient plasma activated with celite was noted to have a duration of clot lysis not different from samples activated with TF, but a significant difference in time to onset of lysis persisted. Celite activation of TAFI-deficient/FXIII-supplemented plasma showed significantly prolonged onset and duration of clot lysis compared with samples activated with TF. Conclusions Primarily TAFI, and to a lesser extent FXIII, contributed to contact system protein-mediated attenuation of fibrinolysis. Clinical investigation of these phenomena is warranted in clinical settings involving contact activation (e.g., intra-aortic balloon pumps and ventricular assist devices) to determine whether these devices modulate fibrinolysis and perhaps contribute to thromboembolic morbidity.
Identification of the precursors of hippocampal theta rhythm. A replication and extension.

Abstract A cryoprobe was used to modify the functioning of the septal nucleus of several cats resulting in a change in reticular-formation-induced hippocampal theta rhythm. Control animals sustaining electrolytic lesions in the septum showed a similar effect. Changes in hippocampal EEG patterns resulting from electrical stimulation of the reticular formation combined with cryogenic cooling of the septum, lead the authors to hypothesize that the reticular formation may be mainly responsible for the 4–5 Hz. frequencies in the hippocampalgram.
The ten commandments of reviewing: the promise of a kinder, gentler discipline!

(2006). The Ten Commandments of Reviewing: The Promise of a Kinder, Gentler Discipline! Health Communication: Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 197-200.
Extraction of nonstationarity information from correlation noise

Abstract A gas chromatograph is used as a model of a monitored process stream, and a method is developed to detect fixed-amplitude changes either in component concentration or system response to a perturbation. The multiple injection input and its advantages are based on the principles of correlation chromatography. The deconvolution of the aperiodic input pattern from the output results in a signal peak representing average system response and correlation “noise” which, when calibrated, gives the direction and magnitude of the change which has occurred. Because of the signal-averaging effect of the multiple inputs and deconvolution process, the effects of random fluctuations and noise are reduced.
Genetic and agronomic analyses of red rice-Clearfield hybrids and their progeny produced from natural and controlled crosses

Clearfield rice technology is a popular method for controlling noxious red rice weeds (Oryza sativa L.) in commercial rice fields in the southern U.S. Previous research has detected red rice-Clearfield variety F1 hybrids at low rates in Louisiana and Arkansas. The first research objective was to determine genetic control of imazethapyr resistance in F1 hybrids and F2 populations derived from natural and controlled hybridizations of red rice and Clearfield rice. The second objective was to characterize and compare agronomic performance of the hybrids and their progeny with Clearfield varieties. Genetic analysis showed that imazethapyr resistance was dominant in all tested F1 hybrids with single and two-gene inheritance observed across composite F2 populations. F1 hybrids exhibited high levels of variation for plant height, heading date, and seven reproductive traits. Heterosis was observed in the hybrids versus Clearfield varieties for plant height, heading date, seed-bearing tillers, panicle length, and spikelets/panicle. While seed production of the F1 hybrids was generally inferior to that of the commercial varieties, one red rice/CL121 hybrid produced greater seeds/panicle than the CL121 commercial parent. Extensive variation was observed for all measured traits in the F2 populations derived from either natural or controlled crosses. Results from this study indicate that red rice/Clearfield F1 hybrids normally exhibit low reproductive seed capacity, but a small proportion of the subsequent F2 progeny can produce high fecundity levels. Effective stewardship practices are therefore warranted to reduce the occurrence of such hybrids and their offspring to ensure continued success of the Clearfield technology.
Comparative study on energy- and structure-related properties for the (100) surface of beta -SiC.

Calculations were carried out to investigate energy- and structure-related properties for the (100) surfaces of \ensuremath{\beta}-SiC. Investigations for both C- and Si-terminated planes include (1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1), (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1), and c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) surface phases. All calculations were performed employing the empirical Tersoff function developed for SiC systems. This function has been used on several occasions, with varying sets of parameters, to calculate properties for systems containing Si and C atoms. Here a comparative study was conducted. Results obtained from different sets of parameters were compared with respect to each other and also with values from the literature. Suitabilities and limitations of each parameter set were delineated.
Nature of O2 and CO binding to metalloporphyrins and heme proteins.

Abstract The O2 vibration of dioxygen adducts of Fe and Co model complexes of alpha,alpha,alpha,alpha-tetrapivalamidophenylporphyrin ("picket fence" porphyrin, TpivPP) with 1-methylimidazole and 1-tritylimidazole as axial bases are reported, obtained with difference techniques between 16O2, 18O2, 169-18O, and NO with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Assignments of upsilono2 are (O2)Fe(TpivPP) 1-methylimidazole, 1159 cm-1 in Nujol; (O2)Fe(TpivPP) 1-tritylimidazole, 1163 in benzene; (O2)Co(TpivPP) 1-methylimidazole, 1150 in Nujol; (O2)Co(TpivPP) 1-tritylimidazole, 1153 in benzene. Comparisons with other known Fe, Co, Cr, and Ti dioxygen complexes are made, and it is concluded that the bent dioxygen ligand is best viewed as bound superoxide, O2-. The CO affinities of various hemoproteins and model systems are discussed. A correlation between the CO stretching frequency and its binding constant is described. The drastically lowered affinity of hemoproteins for CO compared with unencumbered models is attributed to steric hindrance in the distal binding site, which allows discrimination between the already bent FeIII-O2- and the normally linear FeII-CO systems. If the affinity of hemoproteins in living systems for CO relative to O2 were not decreased, then massive poisoning would result from endogenous CO.
Skin friction fields on delta wings

The normalized skin friction fields on a 65° delta wing and a 76°/40° double-delta wing are measured by using a global luminescent oil-film skin friction meter. The detailed topological structures of skin friction fields on the wings are revealed for different angles of attack and the important features are detected such as reattachment lines, secondary separation lines, vortex bursting and vortex interaction. The comparisons with the existing flow visualization results are discussed.
The Impact of VA's Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Centers on Academic Affiliates

The education mission of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is to train health professionals to benefit VA and the United States. One approach for achieving that mission, along with VA's research and clinical missions, was the establishment of Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Centers (GRECCs) in 1975. These were developed at VA hospital sites that had existing strong partnerships with schools of medicine already engaged in research on aging. GRECCs were funded to enhance those research enterprises, to expand health professions education in geriatrics, to expand interest in geriatrics among medical faculty and to support them to become more expert in geriatrics, to develop new approaches to care of the aging, and to disseminate the lessons learned within VA and beyond. Using 2001 and 2008 data from two surveys of U.S. medical schools' geriatrics programs, this article explores the impact of GRECCs on geriatric programs at their affiliated schools of medicine. It demonstrates how VA's academi...
Improving the performance of a mixed excitation LPC vocoder in acoustic noise

A number of improvements to the mixed excitation linear predictive coding (LPC) vocoder are presented. First, the authors have added more sophisticated frequency shaping of the pulse and noise in the mixture. They use a bandpass filter bank to attain a staircase approximation to any desired noise shape. Voicing strength in each frequency band is controlled by periodicity analysis of both the bandpass filtered speech and the bandpass speech envelope. Second, the authors have improved their pitch detection algorithm by using separate searches on the LPC residual and the input speech signal. Finally, they have added a fixed pulse shaping filter based on a spectrally flattened synthetic glottal pulse. The improved LPC vocoder performs much better in acoustic background noise, and it produces natural sounding speech in both quiet and noisy environments. >
Two-dimensional Fermi gas

A calculation is given of the equilibrium properties of a two-dimensional Fermi gas at 0 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The ladder diagrams for the self-energy are summed, corresponding to a low-density expansion. We obtain the Fermi energy, the quasiparticle lifetime, the effective mass, the ground-state energy, and the discontinuity at the Fermi surface.
Girls' Sexual Development in the Inner City: From Compelled Childhood Sexual Contact to Sex-for-Things Exchanges

Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) has been linked to a wide variety of adverse psychological and behavioral outcomes. This paper describes girls' sexual development in the inner city based on qualitative material from a long-term ethnographic (observational) study. For many inner-city girls, early and then continued experiences of being compelled to have sex were found to be part of a pathway leading to independent sexuality that often involved prostitution, teen pregnancy, early motherhood, school dropout, limited involvement with jobs, drug abuse, multiple children by different fathers and single-parent families. Quotes from respondents illustrate the mechanics of this process and how it is sustained by the deprivations of structural disadvantage, prevailing subcultural norms, violence and illicit drug use.
A Gibbs sampling approach to maximum a posteriori time delay and amplitude estimation

Arrival of a signal at a receiving sensor via multiple paths is a problem frequently encountered in many areas of signal processing, including sonar, radar, and communication problems. In this work, we present a novel method for estimation of time delays and amplitudes of multipath arrivals with a maximum a posteriori estimation approach. Maximum a posteriori estimation is optimal if appropriate statistical models are selected for the received data; its implementation, however, is computationally demanding. To reduce the computational requirements for the analytical calculation of the necessary probability distribution functions, we propose optimization using Gibbs sampling. Gibbs sampling allows the estimation of posterior probability distributions through an iterative process. Through a comparison to a simple matched filter and analytical maximum a posteriori estimation, the new method is shown to be accurate and efficient. The Gibbs sampling - maximum a posteriori estimation approach is also demonstrated to be more informative than other time delay and amplitude estimation methods, because it provides estimates of posterior probability distribution functions in addition to point estimates typically provided by other approaches.
Strategic management for museums

(1989). Strategic management for museums. International Journal of Museum Management and Curatorship: Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 137-148.
Limits of generalized periodic D-splines

Results of Schoenberg and others on limits of periodic splines as their order,m, goes to infinity are extended to sequences of D m -splines determined by the powers of an unbounded non-negative self-adjoint operator D on a Hilbert space,H, and an evaluation mapL fromH toR n . All such limits lie in the lowest frequencyn-dimensional invariant subspace for D,T* n . When each term in the sequence is the D m -spline whose image underL matches a fixed vector,y, (anL-interpolant), then the limit is theL-interpolant toy fromT* n . When the terms aresmoothing splines derived fromy then the limit exists when the smoothing parameter goes to 0 ast −m . Ift is not an eigenvalue,α i, of D, the limit is theL-least squares best fit toy fromT* l ,l=card {j: α j<t}.
Sedimentary framework of Penobscot Bay, Maine

Abstract Analyses of seismic-reflection profiles, along with previously collected sediment samples and geologic information from surrounding coastal areas, outline the characteristics, distribution, and history of the strata that accumulated within Penobscot Bay, Maine, during the complex period of glaciation, crustal movement, and sea-level change since late Wisconsinan time. Sediments that overlie the rugged, glacially eroded surface of Paleozoic bedrock range in thickness from near zero to more than 50 m and consist of four distinct units. 1. (1) Massive to partly stratified, coarse-grained drift forms thin ( 2. (2) Well-stratified, fine-grained glaciomarine deposits are concentrated in bedrock depressions beneath the main passages of the bay. During the period of ice retreat and marine submergence, these sediments settled to the sea floor, draped the irregular underlying surface of bedrock or drift, and accumulated without disturbance by physical or biologic processes. 3. (3) Heterogeneous fluvial deposits fill ancestral channels of the Penobscot River beneath the head of the bay. The channels were incised during a −40 m postglacial low stand of sea level (due to crustal rebound) and later were filled as base level was increased during Holocene time. 4. (4) Muddy marine sediments, which are homogeneous to weakly stratified and rich in organic matter, blanket older deposits within bathymetric depressions in the middle and lower reaches of the bay and cover a pronounced, gently dipping, erosional unconformity in the upper reach. These sediments were deposited during the Holocene transgression as sea level approached its present position and the bay became deeper. Late Wisconsinan and Holocene sedimentation in Penobscot Bay has smoothed the sea floor, but it has not completely obscured the ice-sculptured bedrock topography.
[2.2]paracyclophane/dehydroannulene hybrids: probing the aromaticity of the dehydro[14]annulene framework.

The synthesis of [2.2]paracyclophane/dehydro[14]annulene hybrids 1 and 2 is reported. Comparison of the proton NMR spectra of 1 and 2 with their open precursors and with related model compounds reveals the pronounced effect of macrocycle formation upon the cyclophane protons H15/H16, which lie above the shielding cone of the diatropic [14]annulene moiety.
Inhibition of melanin production by a combination of Siberian larch and pomegranate fruit extracts

In an effort to find botanicals containing polyphenolic compounds with the capacity to inhibit melanin biosynthesis, we identified a novel combination of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) extract, standardized to 80% taxifolin, and pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum) extract, containing 20% punicalagins, that demonstrates a synergistic reduction of melanin biosynthesis in Melan-a cells. The combination of Siberian larch and pomegranate extracts (1:1) produced a 2-fold reduction in melanin content compared to Siberian larch or pomegranate extracts alone with no corresponding effect on cell viability. Siberian larch and pomegranate fruit extracts inhibited expression of melanocyte specific genes, tyrosinase (Tyr), microphthalmia transcription factor (Mitf), and melanosome structural proteins (Pmel17 and Mart1) but did not inhibit tyrosinase enzyme activity. These results suggest that the mechanism of inhibition of melanin biosynthesis by Siberian larch and pomegranate extracts, alone and in combination, is through downregulation of melanocyte specific genes and not due to inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme activity.
The Principal Nonseasonal Modes of Variation of Global Sea Surface Temperature

Abstract Thirty-five million ship reports for the period 1949–79 have been used to construct global, monthly-mean sea surface temperature fields for 5° × 5° latitude-longitude regions. The monthly means have been subjected to eigenvector analysis to bring out the nonseasonal modes of variation. The El Nino mode is the most important and its eigenvector time series is identical to that found previously by Weare et al. for the Pacific alone. Addition of data from the other oceans adds unexplained variance so that the percentage of the variance explained by the El Nino mode is smaller in the global case than for the Pacific alone. The second most important eigenvector pattern shows evidence of a cooling trend for the North Pacific and North Atlantic in the 1964–79 period. This is in agreement with previous work an zonal-mean sea surface temperature by the authors, with recent work on the North Pacific by Douglas et al. and with a polar-cap cooling in the lower troposphere for the same period reported by Boer...
Spontaneous four-extremity extensor tendon rupture in a renal dialysis patient

We present a case of spontaneous four-extremity extensor tendon rupture in a patient with chronic renal failure. The occurrence of spontaneous ruptures in all four extremities is previously undescribed. We discuss the pathogenesis, physical and radiographic characteristics, and management.
Targeted expression of an oncogenic adaptor protein v-Crk potentiates axonal growth in dorsal root ganglia and motor neurons in vivo.

The ability of neurons to survive and to target axonal growth requires a coordinated series of cell extrinsic and intrinsic events. Previously, in a cellular model for neuronal differentiation, we showed that pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells expressing v-Crk, an oncogenic form of the SH2/SH3-containing c-Crk adaptor protein, potentiates axonal growth and prolongs nerve growth factor (NGF)-independent survival. In the present study, we have generated transgenic mice that express v-Crk in sensory, motor, and enteric neurons by placing v-crk under the control of the neuron-specific peripherin promoter. In contrast to wild-type (wt) mice, dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons explanted from post-natal day 1 transgenic mice demonstrated a reduced dependence on trophic factors for both survival and axonogenesis. v-Crk also caused an increase in the number of surviving spinal motor neurons (SMN), and interestingly, upon staining of sternomastoid muscle fibers with rhodamine conjugated α-bungarotoxin, many muscle fibers displayed an apparent increase in volume of motor end plates, and an increase in complexity of neuromuscular junctions (NMJ). Our data suggest that v-Crk may be involved in transducing extracellular signals to regulate cytoskeletal organization, and may act on an intrinsic determinant for axonal growth in a variety of neural types including sensory and motor neurons during development.
Transdermal Testosterone Therapy in the Treatment of Male Hypogonadism

Five hypogonadal men were treated with transdermal testosterone therapy, using a testosterone patch applied to the scrotal skin. Daily application of the patch, which contained 10 mg testosterone, produced an increase in serum testosterone concentrations from a pretreatment value of 45 ± 12 (±SE; 1.5 ± 0.4) to 436 ± 80 ng/dL (15.1 ± 2.8 nmol/L; P < 0.001) after 4 weeks of treatment. Normal serum testosterone concentrations were achieved in all men after 6–8 weeks of therapy and were maintained during continued long term therapy for 9–12 months with a patch containing 15 mg testosterone. All men reported a subjective increase in libido and sexual function during therapy, and three men preferred it to testosterone injections. The serum testosterone and estradiol levels did not rise above the normal adult male range at any time during therapy. However, elevated serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations occurred during treatment; the pretreatment DHT concentration was 95 ± 3 ng/dL (3.3 ± 0.1 nmol/L), and...
Distribution and Frequency Dependence of Incidental Man-Made HF/VHF Noise in Metropolitan Areas

Evaluation and consolidation have been performed on HF and VHF man-made incidental radio noise data obtained from journal publications and corporate reports released during the past seventeen years by several investigators. This summary represents an extention to 20 MHz of a compilation and analysis of metropolitan area incidental radio noise data initially begun for the 200- to 500-MHz range. The data sources included in the present summary represent the noise environments of metropolitan areas located in Australia, Asia, Europe, and North, Central, and South America. The noise regions, Urban, Suburban I, and Suburban II, previously identified for the 200- to 500-MHz frequency range and representing concentric zones in urbanized areas have been found appropriate for classifying the HF/VHF noise data. Prior to graphically consolidating the information, all data were converted into units of noise power in dB relative to one mW/kHz of receiver bandwidth. To the consolidated data of each noise region has been fitted a power series representation. It has been found necessary, because of differences in magnitude, to segregate the noise region data into two group: one set recorded with quasi-peak field intensity meters, and the other obtained with detectors calibrated to measure available power.
Response characteristics of seismograph at the University of Texas

The horizontal pendulums of the seismograph at the University of Texas have been equipped with McComb-Romberg “pick-ups.” Instead of recording directly, the light from the pick-up mirror falls on a split photo cell; the current from this photo cell is amplified and sent through the recording galvanometer. The output of the amplifier is also fed to an auxiliary circuit which controls the intensity of the recording light so that its brilliance is approximately proportional to the speed with which the galvanometer spot is moving.
Production of staphylococcal enterotoxin H under controlled pH and aeration

The effects of controlled pH and aeration on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus strain FRI-569 and production of enterotoxin H (SEH) were studied. S. aureus FRI-569 did not grow well anaerobically. Aeration permitted better growth of cells especially at a flow rate of 300 cc/min. The optimal pH for S. aureus FRI-569 growth was 7.0, with less growth being observed at pH 6.5 and 7.5 or with no pH control. Very little SEH (< 21 ng/ml) was produced by S. aureus strain FRI-569 under anaerobic incubation. High SEH production was observed with aeration at 300 cc/min. Increasing aeration to 400 cc/min or decreasing it to 200 cc/min resulted in reduced SEH production. Larger amounts of SEH were produced when the pH was controlled at 7.0, while maintaining the pH at 6.5 or 7.5 resulted in lower levels of SEH being produced. However, the amounts were still greater than those observed when the pH was not controlled.
Cx37 and Cx43 localize to zona pellucida in mouse ovarian follicles

In the ovarian follicle, granulosa cells adjacent to the oocyte extend processes through the zona pellucida matrix, and these projections establish gap junctions both with the oocyte and with neighboring transzonal projections. The identity of connexins contributing to gap junctions between transzonal projections has not been extensively studied. Here, we examined the expression pattern of Cx37 and Cx43 in mouse zona pellucida using multiple connexin-specific antibodies. Immunofluorescence staining revealed abundant Cx37 and Cx43 puncta within the zona pellucida of both preantral and antral follicles. Cx37 persisted in the zona pellucida of mature follicles up to 5 h after an ovulatory stimulus whereas Cx43 was reduced in the zona pellucida by 3 h after an ovulatory stimulus. We suggest that in addition to its role in oocyte-granulosa cell communication, Cx37 could enable a distinct communication pathway between those granulosa cells that are in direct contact with the oocyte.
Heterodyne measurements of 12C18O, 13C16O, and 13C18 O laser frequencies; mass dependence of Dunham coefficients☆

Abstract Difference frequencies between rare isotope CO lasers and a 12 C 16 O laser have been measured by optical heterodyne techniques. These data for 12 C 18 O, 13 C 16 O, and 13 C 18 O have been used together with the 15 previously reported Dunham coefficients Y kl for 12 C 16 O to determine a set of mass independent parameters Δ kl and U kl defined by Y kl = μ -( k /2+ l )[1+ m e (Δ C kl / M C + Δ O kl / M O )] U kl . The 01, 1 0, and 20 correction terms were found to be statistically significant. Line frequencies calculated from the resulting 15 Dunham coefficients for the rare isotopes are accurate to a few MHz in the measured laser bands.