cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical benefit of renal artery angioplasty with stenting for the control of recurrent and refractory congestive heart failure

Renal artery stenosis (RAS) may cause hypertension, azotemia, episodes of flash pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure. Renal artery angioplasty and stenting was performed in 207 patients from 1991 to 1997. Thirty-nine of these patients (19%) underwent renal artery stenting for the control of recurrent episodes of congestive heart failure and flash pulmonary edema. All patients had angiographic evidence of severe (>70%) bilateral RAS (n = 18) or severe RAS to a solitary functioning kidney (n = 21). Sixteen patients (41%) were male and 23 (59%) were female, mean age 69.9 years (range 50-85 years). Of the 18 patients with bilateral RAS, 12 (66.6%) underwent bilateral stenting. Mean blood pressure decreased from 174/85 +/- 32/23 mmHg to 148/72 +/- 24/14 mmHg (p < 0.001). Mean number of blood pressure medications decreased from 3 +/- 1 to 2.5 +/- 1 (p = 0.006). Twenty-eight patients (71.8%) had improvement in blood pressure control. The mean serum creatinine decreased from 3.16 +/- 1.61 to 2.65 +/- 1.87 (p = 0.06). Six of 39 patients (15.4%) used angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors prior to stenting whereas 19 of 39 patients (48.7%) used ACE inhibitors poststenting (p = 0.004). Twenty of 39 patients (51.4%) demonstrated improvement in serum creatinine, 10 of 39 patients (25.6%) had stabilization of serum creatinine and nine of 39 patients (23%) demonstrated worsening. The number of hospitalizations due to congestive heart failure in the year preceding renal artery stenting was 2.4 +/- 1.4 and poststenting was 0.3 +/- 0.7 (p < 0.001). The New York Heart Association Functional Class decreased from 2.9 +/- 0.9 prestenting to 1.6 +/- 0.9 poststenting (p < 0.001). Thirty of 39 patients (77%) had no hospitalizations for congestive heart failure during a mean follow-up period of 21.3 months. Nine patients expired during the course of follow up; eight of the nine patients died within the first year after renal artery stenting. Renal artery stenting decreased the frequency of congestive heart failure, flash pulmonary edema, and the need for hospitalization in most patients. Blood pressure was markedly improved in the majority of patients with improved or stabilized renal function. Evaluation for RAS is important in hypertensive patients who present with recurrent congestive heart failure or flash pulmonary edema.
N(2) Fixation by Azospirillum brasilense and Its Incorporation into Host Setaria italica.

Growth and nitrogen fixation were followed during the life cycle of Setaria italica (foxtail millet) inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense in controlled-environment growth chambers. The plants were fertilized at seeding with a limiting amount of combined nitrogen and maintained with an N-free mineral solution. During maturation of the plants, substantial nitrogenase activity, measured by acetylene reduction, developed in the rhizosphere, with total fixation estimated to be equivalent to 20% of the N in the inoculated plants. The peak of this activity coincided with depletion of soluble nitrogen from the system, which in turn was reflected by a sharp decrease in the nitrate reductase activity of the leaves. A. brasilense was found in association with the root populations at 8 × 107 cells per gram of dry weight. An increase in shoot growth occurred at this time, but no significant increase in total plant nitrogen could be demonstrated. 15N2 enrichment experiments confirmed that fixation was occurring, but only about 5% of the nitrogen fixed by A. brasilense was incorporated into the plants within 3 weeks. There was thus no evidence of direct bacterium-to-plant transport of fixed nitrogen, but rather a slow transfer suggesting the gradual death of bacteria and subsequent mineralization of their nitrogen, at least under growth-room conditions.
Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy: effects on blood flow and capillary structure

Chronic supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) causes a dilated cardiomyopathy. A potential factor contributing to the development of SVT-induced cardiomyopathy is abnormal myocardial blood flow (MBF). The purpose of this study was to relate changes in left ventricular (LV) function, MBF, and capillary structure with the development of SVT-induced cardiomyopathy. LV function and MBF were measured in two groups of conscious pigs: sham control (CON; n = 8) and after 3 wk of atrial pacing (SVT; 240 beats/min; n = 8) using echocardiography-catheterization and microspheres. Measurements were made under three states: 1) at rest with a basal heart rate, 2) during rapid atrial pacing (240 beats/min), and 3) during adenosine infusion (1.5 microM.kg-1.min-1) without pacing. LV capillary density, diameter, wall thickness, and capillary-myocyte distance were measured in four additional pigs from each group. LV fractional shortening was lower, and left atrial pressure was significantly higher in the SVT group compared with CON at rest, during pacing, and with adenosine (P less than 0.05). In the CON group, average LV-MBF at rest was 2.0 +/- 0.2 ml.min-1.g-1, increased with pacing to 3.0 +/- 0.2 ml.min-1.g-1 (P less than 0.05), and increased further with adenosine to 4.1 +/- 0.3 ml.min-1.g-1 (P less than 0.05). In all states, SVT LV-MBF was significantly reduced vs. CON (P less than 0.05); SVT LV-MBF was 0.8 +/- 0.2 ml.min-1.g-1 at rest, increased to 1.3 +/- 0.3 ml.min-1.g-1 with rapid pacing (P less than 0.05), and remained unchanged during adenosine (1.3 +/- 0.4 ml.min-1.g-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Population Genetic Structure of Homalodisca coagulata (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), the Vector of the Bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Causing Pierce’s Disease in Grapevines

In the current study, inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers (p-13 and p-15) were used to estimate the population genetic structure of the sharpshooter Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Homopera: Cicadellidae). Eighteen populations from throughout the United States and a population from Tahiti, French Polynesia, were analyzed. Populations were arbitrarily assigned to three regions: southeastern, southwestern, and western. Exact tests for population differentiation indicated highly significant differences in marker frequencies among the 18 populations with both primers. Analyses of molecular variance also indicated significant geographic structuring with both primers. A dendrogram based on Reynolds coancestry distance performed with p-15 clustered the U.S. populations into two main groups. The southeastern populations were grouped into one cluster and the southwestern and western populations into a second cluster. Within the western region, dendrograms produced with p-13 and p-15 showed in both cases that two populations (Edison and Bakersfield) clustered as outliers. The average divergence (D) among all populations was 0.099. Divergence values of 0.254, 0.103, and 0.102 were observed when comparing Bakersfield and the southeastern, southwestern, and western populations, respectively. Within the western region, D values for Bakersfield were 1.8- (p-13) and 2.4-fold (p-15) higher than the D of the western populations. The present results suggest that a subset of insects in California may have their origins in the southwestern region (Texas); furthermore, these results are suggestive of more than one founding event in California and/or biotypes or geographic races.
Cloud-CFFR: Coordinated Fractional Frequency Reuse in Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN)

Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) and Coordinated Multi Point (CoMP) processing are two of the conventional methods to mitigate the Inter-Cell Interference (ICI) and to improve the average Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR). However, FFR is associated with low system spectral efficiency and CoMP does not take any action to mitigate the inter-cluster interference. In the context of Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) -- a new centralized paradigm for broadband wireless access that addresses efficiently the fluctuation in capacity demand through real-time Virtual Base Station (VBS) cooperation in the Cloud -- in this paper an innovative uplink solution, called Cloud-CFFR, is proposed to address the aforementioned problems. With respect to both FFR and CoMP, Cloud-CFFR decreases the complexity, delay, and ICI while increasing the system spectral efficiency. Since the system performance in cell-edge regions relies on the cooperation of different VBSs, there is no service interruption in handling handovers, moreover, in order to address the unanticipated change in capacity demand, Cloud-CFFR dynamically changes the sub-band boundaries based on the number of active users in the clusters. Simulation results confirm the validity of our analysis and show the benefits of this novel uplink solution.
Improved Thermal Comfort of Office Occupants Through Better Air Diffuser Designs

In this work we are exploring the influence of the design of air diffusers on a number of parameters that influence the thermal comfort of building occupants. In particular we are looking at calculating the Air Diffusion Performance Index (ADPI) and vertical temperature difference as well as the throw and drop parameters for various diffuser designs. The results show that while a complex radial vane diffuser that uses the Coanda effect could offer good performance if the HVAC system is used for cooling, the same design might not give any advantage as compared to a regular multi-cone design while the system is used for heating. This is mostly due to the strong air stratification observed for both diffuser designs, while the HVAC system is in the heating mode. Consequently we propose a better alternative, namely, to use a variable geometry (angle) air diffuser. To prove this concept we performed a CFD analysis of several diffusers, each delivering the air at different angles, for both heating and cooling mode, and we show that indeed using a design that allows changing the angle of the air jets between the heating and cooling season is the optimal way of delivering air to a room.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Serum Concentrations of Penicillin Following Administration of Crystalline Procaine Penicillin G in Aqueous Suspension

Summary1. Administration of 300,000 units of crystalline procaine penicillin G in aqueous suspension produced demonstrable serum penicillin concentrations at 12 hours after administration in all subjects and at 24 hours after injection in 92% of subjects studied.2. Administration of 600,000 units of this material produced demonstrable serum penicillin concentrations 24 hours after injection in all subjects.3. Similar patterns of serum penicillin concentrations were obtained for both the oil and the aqueous suspensions of procaine penicillin G although slightly lower values were generally observed with the aqueous suspension.4. Ease of administration and absence of untoward: local or systemic reaction were uniformly observed with the administration of procaine penicillin G in aqueous suspension.
Stress, Behavior, and Children and Youth Who are Deafblind

Children and youth who are deafblind with multiple disabilities have several identified risk factors for experiencing toxic levels of stress, and such stress is known to impair physical, mental, an...
Electronic structure and optical properties of CdMoO 4 and CdWO 4

In previous work, we studied the electronic structure of several molybdate and tungstate crystals having the scheelite structure. The wolframite structure is another common form for molybdate and tungstate materials. In this paper, we compare two chemically similar materials that naturally form in the scheelite and wolframite structures---${\mathrm{CdMoO}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{CdWO}}_{4},$ respectively. We compare the electronic structure and approximate optical properties of these materials within the framework of density-functional theory. One major difference between the two materials is in their lower conduction bands, which are dominated by the crystal-field-split d bands of the transition metal. For ${\mathrm{CdMoO}}_{4}$ the Mo ions have an approximately tetrahedral coordination causing the lower conduction band to be twofold degenerate, while for ${\mathrm{CdWO}}_{4}$ the W ions have an approximately octahedral coordination causing the lower conduction band to be threefold dengenerate.
Molecular and cellular mechanisms of food allergy and food tolerance

Ingestion of innocuous antigens, including food proteins, normally results in local and systemic immune nonresponsiveness in a process termed oral tolerance. Oral tolerance to food proteins is likely to be intimately linked to mechanisms that are responsible for gastrointestinal tolerance to large numbers of commensal microbes. Here we review our current understanding of the immune mechanisms responsible for oral tolerance and how perturbations in these mechanisms might promote the loss of oral tolerance and development of food allergies. Roles for the commensal microbiome in promoting oral tolerance and the association of intestinal dysbiosis with food allergy are discussed. Growing evidence supports cutaneous sensitization to food antigens as one possible mechanism leading to the failure to develop or loss of oral tolerance. A goal of immunotherapy for food allergies is to induce sustained desensitization or even true long-term oral tolerance to food allergens through mechanisms that might in part overlap with those associated with the development of natural oral tolerance.
Working toward cultural competence. Making the first steps through cultural assessment.

Editor's Note: Because of the dramatic shifts in population demographics predicted for the U.S. population in the next 25years, AWHONN Lifelines is launching a series of articles and departments to discuss the critical issues about providing culturally competent care. This article, the second in a series of three by Susan Mattson will focus on the application of culturally competent practice in the care setting, particularly among those who provide perinatal care. Watch for additional topics regarding Cultural Competence" as we increase coverage of this important social change within upcoming issues.
Guest Editorial: Balancing Multiple Perspectives for Collaborative Food Decision-Making

First paragraph: Recently a co-worker asked me what I thought about Mayor Bloomberg's initiative to limit the size of soft drinks sold in New York City, a topic I had neither followed closely nor analyzed. Although I hadn't formulated an opinion on public policies on drink size, it struck me that this issue presented interesting and fundamental questions about community decisions that potentially affect us all. This particular soft drink policy is an example of how large issues of community concern seem to end up as conflict over single aspects. To me the big question is when differences in views and different interests are involved, how do we honor multiple perspectives in collaborative decision-making? Can we find ways to blend and balance diverse perspectives as we strive to create a world we desire? I think that we must think about what are the right questions; that is in this particular case, what are the most central or transformative questions of our day regarding food systems for health and well-being?
SOME EFFECTS OF CATIONS AND OF WATER ABSORPTION ON INTESTINAL HEXOSE, GLYCINE AND CATION ABSORPTION.

SummaryFourteen mMolar hexose or glycine plus 100 to 210 mMolar sodium or non-sodium salts were perfused through jejunal or Heal loops in non-anesthetized dogs. Net water movements changed in response to the chemical identity as well as to the osmolarity of the perfusate. In general, hexose and glycine absorption rates decreased as water absorption rates decreased. At given water absorption rates however, glucose and galactose absorption rates were lower when K or NH4 salts were substituted for Na salts. Fructose, sorbose and glycine absorption rates did not differ between sodium and non-sodium per-fusates. In a second series, .310 osmolar solutions containing varying proportions of NaCl and KC1, NaCl and NH4C1, or KC1 and NH4C1 were perfused. Cation absorption rates increased directly with the concentration of the same ion and with water absorption rates. In addition, NH4 and Na absorption rates decreased as (K) increased, Na and K absorption decreased as (NH4) increased, and NH4 absorption decreased as ...
Quantitative changes of a human salivary bactericidin for Lactobacilli associated with age.

Summary1. The results strongly suggest that the lactobacillus bactericidin system is not present in saliva of premature newborns. 2. Within the first 4 days of life the majority of full-term newborns show no salivary antilactobacillus activity. 3. There is a systematic increase of lactobacillus bactericidin studied was characterized with respect to pH range, dialysis, heat stability and adsorption.
Determination of arsenic in soy sauce by atomic fluorescence spectrometry

Objective:To establish a new sample pre-treament method for determination of arsenic in soy sauce by atomic fluorescence spectrometry.Methods:Atomic fluorescence spectrometer was used.Results:Sample pre-treatment process was simplified.The limit of detection was 0.0385 μg/L and the linear correlation coefficient was 0.9996.The relative standard deviation was 1.59% and the average recovery rate was 96.3%~98.5%.Conclusion:This method is accurate,simple,fast and of high sensitivity.
Management of Rare Central Nervous System Tumors

The management of rare central nervous system (CNS) tumors varies greatly, depending upon several key factors. The location of the tumor may be the most important consideration in the management, specifically the neurosurgical management, of any intracranial lesion. The location, of course, determines what neurological deficits a patient may have and the degree of resectability of the tumor. For instance, a tumor involving the basal ganglia is managed in a fashion completely different from that of a similar tumor found in the anterior frontal lobe. The histological behavior of the tumor is also very important. Does the tumor invade surrounding tissue, or does it merely displace it? Does it engulf important structures such as normal blood vessels and cranial nerves, or is it well encapsulated? What is the tumori¯s natural history?
Electron Doping of the Parent Cuprate La 2 CuO 4 without Cation Substitution

In the cuprates, carrier doping of the Mott insulating parent state is necessary to realize superconductivity as well as a number of other exotic states involving charge or spin density waves. Cation substitution is the primary method for doping carriers into these compounds, and is the only known method for electron doping in these materials. Here, we report electron doping without cation substitution in epitaxially stabilized thin films of ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ grown via molecular-beam epitaxy. We use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to directly measure their electronic structure and conclusively determine that these compounds are electron doped with a carrier concentration of $0.09\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02\text{ }{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}/\mathrm{Cu}$. We propose that intrinsic defects, most likely oxygen vacancies, are the sources of doped electrons in these materials. Our results suggest a new approach to electron doping in the cuprates, one which could lead to a more detailed experimental understanding of their properties.
Basal Glucose Can Be Controlled, but the Prandial Problem Persists—It’s the Next Target!

Both basal and postprandial elevations contribute to the hyperglycemic exposure of diabetes, but current therapies are mainly effective in controlling the basal component. Inability to control postprandial hyperglycemia limits success in maintaining overall glycemic control beyond the first 5 to 10 years after diagnosis, and it is also related to the weight gain that is common during insulin therapy. The "prandial problem"-comprising abnormalities of glucose and other metabolites, weight gain, and risk of hypoglycemia-deserves more attention. Several approaches to prandial abnormalities have recently been studied, but the patient populations for which they are best suited and the best ways of using them remain incompletely defined. Encouragingly, several proof-of-concept studies suggest that short-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists or the amylin agonist pramlintide can be very effective in controlling postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes in specific settings. This article reviews these topics and proposes that a greater proportion of available resources be directed to basic and clinical research on the prandial problem.
DFT studies of temperature effect on coordination chemistry of Cu(II)-trimethoprim complexes

AbstractThe computational analysis of geometrically different copper-trimethoprim complexes, experimentally formed at two different temperatures, was performed using Density Functional Theory (DFT) method. Initial geometries of copper-trimethoprim complexes 1, 2, and 3 were obtained from crystallographic data. These three geometries of complexes 1, 2, and 3 were fully optimized using B3LYP/BLYP hybrid density functional methods along with 6-31G and LANL2DZ basis sets at two temperatures, 298 and 352 K. The results obtained were compared with the experimental data and show that complex 1 is the most stable geometry while complex 3 is unstable/intermediate geometry and can be converted to stable form after the recrystallization process. Moreover, LANL2DZ basis set gives more accurate (with respect to experimental) results as compared to 6-31G.
Introduction to Two Species Models: Predator-Prey

No species of animal lives in complete isolation. Since all animals must eat to live, all must interact, if not with other animals, then with plants. The model which we will build and then study considers the situation where one animal population serves as food for another. We will stylize the discussion by thinking of the predators as foxes, and the prey as rabbits. Note that the predators could equally well be rabbits and the “prey” lettuce. The important point is that the one species serves as the food for the other, and both grow according to some reasonable set of biological laws. The model is somewhat unrealistic in that few ecological systems are so simple as to have just two species present.
Acoustical Imaging of Biological Tissue—Holography and Direct Imaging

Ultrasound has been used for some time for the purpose of imaging biological tissue structures. The primary impetus for this has been the diagnostic usefulness of such images. Both transmission and reflection techniques have been employed, and since the earliest visual imaging by acoustical holography the possible medical use has been proposed. Holographic imaging offers several distinct advantages over direct-imaging techniques and has, at the same time, some disadvantages. The primary and overriding advantage of holographic imaging is, of course, the recording of an entire three-dimensional object scene in one step for subsequent image generation. The possibility also exists of constructing virtual images with the subjective character of realistic object structures. Characteristic of the holographic imaging process are such factors as detector resolution, detector sensitivity, amount of data recorded, coherent illumination, etc. All of these factors are of importance in acoustical holography, together with the well-known problems of image aberration and distortion. Techniques and recent results are presented concerning several specific areas, including: techniques for the reduction of image distortion; techniques for the improvement of acoustic capture angle or numerical aperture of acoustical detectors; and a new technique for producing acoustical holograms. This new technique will reduce or eliminate the coherent illumination problems of holography, as well as reduce or eliminate unwanted object signals. This technique can be accomplished by controlling the coherency of the acoustic fields.
Growth Instability of Strained Film: An Elastic Green’s Function Force Monopole Approach

We analyze the growth stability of an epitaxial strained film on a flat substrate by the elastic Green’s function force monopole approach. We calculate and compare the strain energies and growth instability of three different forms of surface undulations: sinusoidal waviness, surface faceting and island formation. In general, the instability occurs beyond a critical length scale, in agreement with the conventional analysis of ATG instability based on the stress function approach. For isotropic surface energies, the critical length scale for the island formation is the smallest, because it offers the most effective mode of strain relaxation.
Who is responsible for climate change adaptation

The mixture of socio-economic classes, ethnicities, and cultures that characterizes many cosmopolitan urban areas can contribute to unequally perceived impacts of extreme weather events and, hence, need and responsibility for adaptation. Awareness of these differences is, as we argue, decisive for effective adaptation. This study explores the relationship between person-specific, socio-economic characteristics that are frequently associated with social vulnerability and the perception of current affectedness by extreme weather events, future impact severity as well as adaptation need and adaptation responsibility. We use a large online questionnaire survey from New York City studying two extreme weather events, heatwaves and heavy rainstorms. We find that previous harm is the most important factor across all tested models for both weather events. However, previous harm and affectedness do not well explain the perception of future impacts, whereas they correspond to views about adaptation responsibility; respondents who felt significantly more affected in the past perceive the community to be in charge of adaptation.Women (during both weather events) and the elderly (during heatwaves) state largest affectedness during past events, and see the community as being responsible for future adaptation. Hispanic and African American respondents, on the other hand, were identified to perceive adaptation to be more of an individual task—potentially related to previous experience with (a lack of) local government services in their areas. Our findings evoke equality questions, and can aid urban decision makers aiming to implement effective and just adaptation measures, targeting vulnerable socio-economic groups in New York City and potentially other cosmopolitan areas.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy in chronic liver disease: a randomized comparison of 19-G FNA and 22-G FNB needles.

Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver biopsy uses a 19-gauge (G) needle for parenchymal liver biopsies. We evaluated tissue yields with a 22G fine-needle biopsy (FNB) versus 19G FNA fine-needle aspirate (FNA) device. Patients and methods Biopsies were obtained from 20 patients using the 19G FNA and 22G FNB randomizing each in a cross-over fashion with a blinded outcome assessor. Tissue adequacy for histologic evaluation was the primary outcome, or the proportion of specimens obtaining pathologic diagnosis (portal structures ≥ 5 or length of the longest piece ≥ 15 mm). Additional secondary outcomes included portal and centrilobular inflammation/fibrosis, length of the longest piece, aggregate specimen length, and small ( 8 mm) fragments. Results were compared in a per needle basis. Patients with cirrhosis were excluded. Results Eighty biopsies (40 each 19G FNA and 22G FNB) were obtained. Tissue adequacy was greater for the 19G FNA (88 %) versus 22G FNB (68 %), (P = 0.03). There was no difference in total portal structures for the 19G FNA (7.4) and 22G FNB (6.1), (P = 0.28). There was no difference in pre-processing outcomes. After processing, length of the longest piece was higher for the 19G FNA (9.1 mm) versus 22G FNB (6.6 mm), (P = 0.02). More total post-processing small fragments 29.9 versus 20.7, (P = 0.01) and fewer large fragments 1.0 versus 0.4 for the 22G FNB (P = 0.01) were detected. Conclusions Tissue adequacy was higher for the 19G FNA versus 22G FNB needle. The 22G FNB needle produced samples more prone to fragmentation during specimen processing.
Reddit and Radiation Therapy: A Descriptive Analysis of Posts and Comments Over 7 Years by Patients and Health Care Professionals.

Abstract Purpose Reddit is a social media platform that allows health care professionals (HPs) to anonymously interact with patients. We analyzed content about radiation therapy (RT) on Reddit. Methods and Materials Reddit.com/r/cancer was queried with 20 search terms related to RT: IMRT, 3D-CRT, SBRT, EBRT, XRT, radiation, radiotherapy, RT, radio, rad, rads, gamma, gamma knife, gammaknife, cyber knife, cyberknife, cyber, brachytherapy, brachy, and cobalt. The search aimed to identify all posts discussing RT. A random sample of posts and their top 3 comments was selected to generate qualitative thematic codes per author consensus, which were used to characterize all posts and their top 3 voted comments. Posts were analyzed for time to first reply, mention of any specific RT modality, whether a self-identified HP responded, and time to first highly voted comment by an HP. Results Exactly 190 posts about RT by 178 users were shared from February 2011 to May 2018, and 468 replies by 295 users were also analyzed. Twenty-nine of these users (9.8%) were HPs; however, 48 of 181 top comments were contributed by HPs compared with 45 of 288 non–top comments by HPs (odds ratio, 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-3.08; P Conclusions HPs did not reply often to RT posts and generally took longer to do so, but their replies were valued by users. Common themes included treatment questions, chronology, and treatment; toxicities; and social support. Proton therapy received notable attention.
Beyond the boundaries: social place in a protected space

Tourism is increasingly promoted worldwide by public and private agencies as a means of achieving sustainable community development. Rare are the economic windfalls that come without social costs, however, and marketing rural communities as tourist 'products' inevitably forces upon their residents a social transfiguration. Yet, concerns about local places have largely been marginalized in the regionalization and commodification of tourist spaces. As a result, important questions remain unanswered. In response, this study uses the cognitive images of visitors and residents of the twin Alaska 'ghost' towns of Kennicott and McCarthy to describe the evolving landscape of tourism in a protected wilderness community. Specifically, it poses two questions. First, how might disparate perceptions of the tourism landscape serve to define the boundaries of 'place' experience for those who live in or visit Kennicott-McCarthy? Second, can this geographic perspective encourage a proactive planning process more cognizant of the effects on – and responsive to the concerns of – the destination community? A preliminary analysis of the results is presented with a focus on tourism as both agent and process in the structure, identity, and meaning of local places, embedded within larger regions and economies.
Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2 for MRI of Prostate Cancer: Can We Do Better?

OBJECTIVE. Although the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI-RADSv2) has been widely adopted and is generally considered a success, it has clear limitations. The purpose of this...
CT and MRI features of fungal liver infection in children

Abstract Objective To investigate the imaging features of fungal liver infection in pediatric patients. Materials and methods CT and MRI findings of fungal liver infection were retrospectively analyzed in nine pediatric patients. There were six males and three females, patients’ age ranged from 7 months to 9 years with an average of 4.1 years. Results Of the nine patients, one had a solitary lesion and eight had multiple lesions. According to the criteria based on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and Mycoses Study Group (EORTC-MSG) guidelines for clinical research. Multiphasic CT and MRI examinations in the liver with fungal infection were performed and there were three types of imaging patterns. Type Ⅰ, "target-ring sign" phenomenon. The lesion showed uneven low or iso density on plain CT scan, uneven iso-T1 or long T1 and long T2 signal on MRI scan, and uneven annular enhancement on three-phases enhanced CT and MRI scan. Type Ⅱ, Delayed enhancement. The lesion showed low or iso-density on plain CT scan, in arterial phase and portal phase, and iso-density in delayed phase. Type Ⅲ, Delayed ring-like-enhancement. The lesion showed low or iso-density on plain CT scan, in arterial phase and portal phase, and ring-like enhancement in delayed phase. In arterial phase, the liver parenchyma around the lesion showed transient abnormal, hyperperfusion in seven patients. Usually the lesion did not affect the hepatic blood vessels which were seen in the enhanced scan. After antifungal therapy, the lesion decreased in size or even completely disappeared. Conclusion The findings of fungal liver infection on CT and MRI exhibited some specific imaging patterns, which could be helpful for early diagnosis and treatment guidance.
Histories of social studies and race: 1865–2000

In this edited anthology, Christine Woyshner of Temple University and Chara Haeussler Bohan of Georgia State University explore the intersection of race and the teaching of social studies in the Un...
Chronic cocaine administration upregulates FKBP5 in the extended amygdala of male and female rats.

Abstract Background Dysregulation of glucocorticoid receptors has been implicated in addiction and stress-related disorders. FKBP5 is a co-chaperone of the glucocorticoid receptor and regulates receptor sensitivity. While FKBP5 is known to be involved in mood- and stress-related disorders, less is known regarding FKBP5 and cocaine abuse. This study investigated the regulation of FKBP5 expression in the extended amygdala and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, regions important in the control of stress-responses and HPA axis function, following chronic and acute cocaine administration. Methods Adult male and female rats received saline or cocaine three times per day for 1 or 14 days. Brain tissue was collected 30 min, 24 h, 48 h, 7 days or 14 days following the final injection. FKBP5 mRNA was measured by qRT-PCR in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Results FKBP5 mRNA levels were significantly elevated as a result of chronic cocaine administration in both males and females in the PVN and BNST 30 min and 24 h after the final injection. In females, FKBP5 was also elevated in the CeA. Following acute cocaine, FKBP5 gene expression was unaltered except for elevated levels in the BNST of females 24 h later. Conclusions These results demonstrate that FKBP5 mRNA is regulated by cocaine administration. Increased FKBP5 expression may play a role in the dysregulation of the stress axis following chronic cocaine exposure, contributing to the negative affective symptoms of cocaine withdrawal.
Sketched MinDist.

We consider sketch vectors of geometric objects $J$ through the \mindist function \[ v_i(J) = \inf_{p \in J} \|p-q_i\| \] for $q_i \in Q$ from a point set $Q$. Collecting the vector of these sketch values induces a simple, effective, and powerful distance: the Euclidean distance between these sketched vectors. This paper shows how large this set $Q$ needs to be under a variety of shapes and scenarios. For hyperplanes we provide direct connection to the sensitivity sample framework, so relative error can be preserved in $d$ dimensions using $Q = O(d/\varepsilon^2)$. However, for other shapes, we show we need to enforce a minimum distance parameter $\rho$, and a domain size $L$. For $d=2$ the sample size $Q$ then can be $\tilde{O}((L/\rho) \cdot 1/\varepsilon^2)$. For objects (e.g., trajectories) with at most $k$ pieces this can provide stronger \emph{for all} approximations with $\tilde{O}((L/\rho)\cdot k^3 / \varepsilon^2)$ points. Moreover, with similar size bounds and restrictions, such trajectories can be reconstructed exactly using only these sketch vectors.
A case of GFAP-astroglial autoimmunity presenting with reversible parkinsonism

Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy is a newly recognized autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disorder, presenting with an array of neurological symptoms in association with autoantibodies against GFAP, a hallmark protein expressed on astrocytes. Limited knowledge is available on the disease pathogenesis and clinical outcome. Here, we report a case of autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy presenting with encephalomyelitis and parkinsonism. Our patient was a 66-year old male who experienced progressive somnolence, apathy, anxiety, right arm tremor, urinary retention, progressive weakness, and falls over the course of three months, followed by acute delusional psychosis. His neurologic exam on hospital admission was notable for cognitive impairment, myoclonus, rigidity, right hand action tremor, bradykinesia, shuffling gait, and dysmetria. Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed elevated protein, lymphocytic pleocytosis, and one unique oligoclonal band. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed non-specific T2/FLAIR hyperintensities in the brain and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis in the cervical spine. FDG-PET showed a pattern of brain uptake suspicious for limbic encephalitis. Serum and CSF paraneoplastic panel showed presence of GFAP immunoglobulin G (IgG). Treatment with corticosteroids resulted in clinical and radiographic improvement. However, the patient was treated with anti-CD20 immunotherapy due to steroid-dependence. This case exemplifies the recently described neurologic syndrome of autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy presenting with encephalomyelitis and parkinsonism, reversed by B lymphocyte depletion.
Heaving Signals in the Isothermal Coordinate

In the isothermal coordinate the movements of isothermal layers are defined as heaving motions. Heaving modes can be separated into the external and internal modes. The external heaving modes describe the changes in the global volumetric distribution of water masses in the potential temperature coordinate, isothermal coordinate hereafter; thus, external heaving modes are due to diabatic processes, including the heat flux anomaly across the air-sea surface or interfaces. On the other hand, internal heaving modes characterize the local variability of the water mass volumetric anomaly, and such a local anomaly has zero contribution to the global water mass volumetric distribution in the isothermal coordinate. Although the adjustment of the wind-driven circulation (including Rossby waves, Kelvin waves and currents) induced by wind stress perturbations is the primary cause of the internal heaving modes, the horizontal difference in anomalous thermal exchange across isothermal surface can also give rise to internal heaving modes. The further separation of the causes for the internal heaving modes from adiabatic processes induced by wind stress anomaly and that due to internal diabatic processes is difficult, and this is beyond the scope of this book.
The mycobacterial cell wall partitions the plasma membrane to organize its own synthesis

Many antibiotics target the assembly of cell wall peptidoglycan, an essential, heteropolymeric mesh that encases most bacteria. Different species have characteristic subcellular sites of peptidoglycan synthesis that they must carefully maintain for surface integrity and, ultimately, viability. In rod-shaped bacteria, cell wall elongation is spatially precise yet relies on a limited pool of lipid-linked precursors that generate and are attracted to membrane disorder. By tracking enzymes, substrates and products of peptidoglycan biosynthesis in Mycobacterium smegmatis, we show that precursors are made in plasma membrane domains that are laterally and biochemically distinct from sites of cell wall assembly. Membrane partitioning is required for robust, orderly peptidoglycan synthesis, indicating that these domains help template peptidoglycan synthesis. The cell wall-organizing protein DivIVA and the cell wall itself are essential for domain homeostasis. Thus, the peptidoglycan polymer feeds back on its membrane template to maintain an environment conducive to directional synthesis. We further show that our findings are applicable to rod-shaped bacteria that are phylogenetically distant from M. smegmatis, demonstrating that horizontal compartmentalization of precursors is a general feature of bacillary cell wall biogenesis.
Hydrogen technologies for energy storage: A perspective

Hydrogen is a versatile energy storage medium with significant potential for integration into the modernized grid. Advanced materials for hydrogen energy storage technologies including adsorbents, metal hydrides, and chemical carriers play a key role in bringing hydrogen to its full potential. The U.S. Department of Energy Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office leads a portfolio of hydrogen and fuel cell research, development, and demonstration activities, including hydrogen energy storage to enable resiliency and optimal use of diverse domestic energy resources. Today, the technology around generating and storing efficient and sustainable energy is rapidly evolving and hydrogen technologies offer versatile options. This perspective provides an overview of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office's R&D activities in hydrogen storage technologies within the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, with a focus on their relevance and adaptation to the evolving energy storage needs of a modernized grid, as well as discussion of identified R&D needs and challenges. The role of advanced materials research programs focused on addressing energy storage challenges is framed in the context of DOE's H2@Scale initiative, which will enable innovations to generate cost-competitive hydrogen as an energy carrier, coupling renewables, as well as nuclear, fossil fuels, and the grid, to enhance the economics of both baseload power plants and intermittent solar and wind, to enhance resiliency and avoid curtailment. Continued growth and engagement of domestic and international policy stakeholders, industry partnerships, and economic coalitions supports a positive future outlook for hydrogen in the global energy system.
Perception of Emotion in Torso and Arm Movements on Humanoid Robot Quori

Displaying emotional states is an important part of nonverbal communication that can facilitate successful interactions. Facial expressions have been studied for their emotional expression, but this work looks at the capacity of body movements to convey different emotions. This work first generates a large set of nonverbal behaviors with a variety of torso and arm properties on a humanoid robot, Quori. Participants in a user study evaluated how much each movement displayed each of eight different emotions. Results indicate that specific movement properties are associated with particular emotions; such as leaning backward and arms held high displaying surprise and leaning forward displaying sadness. Understanding the emotions associated with certain movements can allow for the design of more appropriate behaviors during interactions with humans and could improve people's perception of the robot.
Testicular Cancer Radiotherapy

Testicular cancer is a common genitourinary malignancy among men which can be treated successfully with excellent survival outcomes. Reviewing new studies and national guidelines, we provide an overview of radiotherapy management for seminoma and nonseminoma germ cell tumors. Modern radiotherapy employs volume and dose reduction strategies to better limit the adverse effects associated with radiation treatment. Radiotherapy fields have also evolved toward anatomical fields based on vascular and lymph node contouring and expansion, rather than bony landmarks. We also review epidemiology, diagnosis and workup, pathology, staging, simulation and treatment planning considerations, prognostic indicators of relapse, follow-up protocols, and sequelae of radiotherapy.
The Prevalence of Knee Symptoms, Radiographic, and Symptomatic Osteoarthritis at Four Time Points: The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project, 1999-2018.

Objective To describe point prevalence of knee symptoms, radiographic knee osteoarthritis (rKOA), severe rKOA, and symptomatic rKOA at four time points in the longitudinal, population-based Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project (JoCo OA). Methods Data were from 2573 JoCo OA participants with up to 18 years of follow-up (1999-2018) and standardized fixed-flexion knee radiographs read by a single, reliable expert musculoskeletal radiologist. The four outcomes were 1) self-reported knee symptoms, defined by "On most days, do you have pain, aching, or stiffness in your right/left knee?"; 2) rKOA, defined as a Kellgren-Lawrence grade (KLG) of 2 to 4); 3) severe rKOA, defined as a KLG of 3 or 4; and 4) symptomatic rKOA, defined as both symptoms and rKOA in the same joint. Weighted prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were generated overall and by age group, sex, race, and body mass index (BMI). Results Most recently (2017-2018, T4), the overall prevalence (percentage) of knee symptoms, rKOA, severe rKOA, and symptomatic rKOA was 41% (95% CI: 35-47%), 61% (95% CI: 56-67%), 35% (95% CI: 30-40%), and 30% (95% CI: 24-35%), respectively. From time point T1 to T4, prevalence increased for rKOA, severe rKOA, and symptomatic rKOA but not for knee symptoms. The prevalence of both severe rKOA (17-39%) and symptomatic rKOA (23-30%) was consistently higher among women. The prevalence of all outcomes was higher among those with higher BMI and among Black participants at all time points, particularly rKOA (35-69%) and severe rKOA (22-46%). Conclusion These updated estimates demonstrate a large and increasing burden of knee OA, particularly among women and Black individuals.
Extracellular detection of neuronal coupling

We developed a method to non-invasively detect synaptic relationships among neurons from in vitro networks. Our method uses microelectrode arrays on which neurons are cultured and from which propagation of extracellular action potentials (eAPs) in single axons are recorded at multiple electrodes. Detecting eAP propagation bypasses ambiguity introduced by spike sorting. Our methods identify short latency spiking relationships between neurons with properties expected of synaptically coupled neurons, namely they were recapitulated by direct stimulation and were sensitive to changing the number of active synaptic sites. Our methods enabled us to assemble a functional subset of neuronal connectivity in our cultures.