cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Voronoi Diagrams and Polynomial Root-Finding

Voronoi diagram of points in the Euclidean plane and its computation is foundational to computational geometry. Polynomial root-finding is the origin of fundamental discoveries in all of mathematics and sciences. There is an intrinsic connection between polynomial root-finding in the complex plane and the approximation of Voronoi cells of its roots via a fundamental family of iteration functions, the Basic Family. For instance, the immediate basin of attraction of a root of a complex polynomial under Newton's method is a rough approximation to its Voronoi cell. We formally introduce these connections through the Basic Family of iteration functions, its properties with respect to Voronoi diagrams, and a corresponding visualization called polynomiography. Polynomiography is a medium for art, math, education and science. By making use of the Basic Family we introduce a layering of the points within each Voronoi cell of a polynomial root and study its properties and potential applications. In particular, we prove some novel results about the Basic Family in connection with Voronoi diagrams.
Snow-temperature studies and apparatus at the Soda Springs, California, cooperative snow-research project

The need for information upon the transfer of heat into and through the snow-pack has been well presented by Wilson [see 1 of “References” at end of paper], Light [2], Bernard and Wilson [3], and Merriam [4, 5, 6, 7]. Such hypotheses as presented by Wilson and theoretical formula as developed by Light are applicable, in the final analysis, only as a result of more complete inform tion on temperature-gradients within the snow-mantle. The development of calorimetric procedures for determining the thermal quality of the snow-pack will be much simplified by a knowledge of the temperature at different horizons within the snow. Where temperatures are consistently below freezing, density and depth may provide sufficient information since thermal quality, under such conditions, will be 100 per cent or better. Where snow-temperatures of 32° F are encountered thermal qualities of less than 100 per cent may be expected and samples at close vertical intervals within the pack may be necessary.
The Fires of Grasshopper: Enlightening Transformations in Subsistence Practices through Fire-Feature Analysis

This article is a case study of the changing fire features of the Grasshopper region of Arizona. Specifically, it focuses on the relationship between fire features and maize agriculture. The article shows that as the fourteenth century began, fire-feature patterns changed in this region and several entirely new fire-feature types appeared. While archaeologists have clearly demonstrated the intensification of maize agriculture during this same period, the possible links between maize and changing fire features have not been investigated. This article demonstrates that such links do in fact exist and that fire features respond dramatically to changes in human subsistence.
Chimpanzee Cognitive Control

Cognitive control processes are a feature of human cognition. Recent comparative tests have shown that some nonhuman animals also might share aspects of cognitive control with humans. Two of the executive processes that constitute cognitive control are metacognition and self-control, and recent experiments with chimpanzees are described that demonstrate metacognitive monitoring and control when these animals engage in an information-seeking task. Chimpanzees also show strategic responding in a self-control task by exhibiting self-distraction as an aid to delay of gratification. These demonstrations indicate continuity with similar human cognitive capacities, and the performances of chimpanzees in these kinds of tests have implications for considering the nature of the intelligence of these animals.
Abstract 3286: Persistently Reduced Venous Drainage After Intravenous Thrombolysis is Associated With Poor outcome in Acute Anterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke

Background- Significant numbers of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients recover with timely-administered intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-TPA). However, rates and extent of recovery remain variable. Considering scarce and costly resources, early identification of reliable predictors for functional outcomes is important for planning rehabilitation strategies. We hypothesized that venous drainage would be impaired on the side of cerebral hypoperfusion due to acute occlusion of internal carotid or middle cerebral artery. The 2 internal cerebral veins (ICV) drain the deep parts of hemispheres and run backward to form great cerebral vein. Since ICVs are consistently seen on CT angiography (CTA), parallel and run very close to each other, even minor asymmetry in their filling can be easily diagnosed. ICV asymmetry in pre-TPA CTA can change in patients achieving arterial recanalization, rendering it less useful for predicting the long-term outcomes. Thus, we aimed at evaluating whether the presence of ICV asymmetry on follow-up CTA can predict the final outcome. Methods- Data from consecutive AIS patients treated with IV-TPA, in a standardized protocol, from Jan2007 to March2010 were included in a prospective registry at our tertiary center. In this study, we excluded posterior circulation strokes. Significant proportion AIS patients undergo CTA on day 2 after IV-TPA to assess the status of arterial patency. ICV asymmetry was assessed by 2 independent stroke neurologists/ neuroradiologists, blinded to patient data or outcomes. Functional outcomes were assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3-months, dichotomized as good outcome (mRS 0-1) and poor outcome (mRS 2-6). Data were analyzed for the early predictors of function outcome. Results- Of the total of 2238 patients admitted during the study period, 226 (10.1%) with anterior circulation AIS treated with intravenous thrombolysis were included. Median age was 65yrs (range 19-92), 63% males and median National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) 16points (range 4-32). Hypertension was the commonest vascular risk factor in 144 (76%) while 63 (33%) patients suffered from atrial fibrillation (AF). Overall, 108 (47.8%) patients achieved poor functional outcome at 3-months. ICV asymmetry could be assessed only in 103 (45.5%) patients on their follow up CTA films. Admission NIHSS score (OR1.08;95%CI 1.001-1.157,p=0.048) and ICV asymmetry on follow-up CT scan (OR 23.9;95%CI 5.15-63.99,p Conclusion- Presence of the asymmetry of internal cerebral veins on the follow up CT angiography in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with IV-TPA can be used as an early predictor of poor functional outcome.
Combating Uncertainty in Agricultural Production

THE "riskiness" of agricultural production refers to the farmer's inability to estimate accurately the future income from current resource use. Economic hardship accrues to the farmer when the estimates of future income on which he based his production plans turn out later to have been incorrect. This defines a problem area of anticipation formulation and outlook forecasting. Herein attention has been focussed on the other aspect of "riskiness": What can farmers and policy-makers do to reduce the impact of imperfect knowledge on resource use planning? When farmers adjust their pattern of resource use as a precaution against the uncertainty of estimated future income a further source of inefficiency is introduced. It has been demonstrated in conceptual analysis1 that precautions to uncertainty in resource use result in a loss of income to the farmer and of consumable goods to society. Accepting such precautionary adjustments as a source of inefficiency, the problem becomes one of determining how to reduce the uncertainty of planning. Many adjustments in farm organization and policy programs have been recommended to reduce uncertainty. In this study the effectiveness of some of these recommendations have been tested. Among those primarily within the control of the individual farmer, diversification and form of tenure have been examined; among proposed agricultural programs crop insurance has been tested.
Differential Gene Expression Profiles and Selected Cytokine Protein Analysis of Mediastinal Lymph Nodes of Horses with Chronic Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO) Support an Interleukin-17 Immune Response

Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) is a pulmonary inflammatory condition that afflicts certain mature horses exposed to organic dust particulates in hay. Its clinical and pathological features, manifested by reversible bronchoconstriction, excessive mucus production and airway neutrophilia, resemble the pulmonary alterations that occur in agricultural workers with occupational asthma. The immunological basis of RAO remains uncertain although its chronicity, its localization to a mucosal surface and its domination by a neutrophilic, non-septic inflammatory response, suggest involvement of Interleukin-17 (IL-17). We examined global gene expression profiles in mediastinal (pulmonary-draining) lymph nodes isolated from RAO-affected and control horses. Differential expression of > 200 genes, coupled with network analysis, supports an IL-17 response centered about NF-κB. Immunohistochemical analysis of mediastinal lymph node sections demonstrated increased IL-17 staining intensity in diseased horses. This result, along with the finding of increased IL-17 concentrations in lymph node homogenates from RAO-affected horses (P = 0.1) and a down-regulation of IL-4 gene and protein expression, provides additional evidence of the involvement of IL-17 in the chronic stages of RAO. Additional investigations are needed to ascertain the cellular source of IL-17 in this equine model of occupational asthma. Understanding the immunopathogenesis of this disorder likely will enhance the development of therapeutic interventions beneficial to human and animal pulmonary health.
Pathophysiology of shock and haemorrhage in viral haemorrhagic fevers.

Sur tous les continents il existe plusieurs virus capables de provoquer des maladies virales graves avec choc et hemorragie chez l'homme. Dans la forme d'Ebole la cause en est une lesion biochimique des plaquettes sanguines et des cellules endotheliales vasculaires. Dans la fievre de Lassa le choc et l'hemorragie sont dus a un dysfonctionnement des plaquettes et des cellules endotheliales, entrainant la diminution du volume plasmatique intravasculaire, des epanchements et une hemorragie
A randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing continuous positive airway pressure with a novel bilevel pressure system for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Study Objectives: To obtain efficacy, objective compliance, and self-assessment data from obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or a novel bilevel (NBL) therapy. Design: Randomized, controlled, double-blind trial. Setting: Home treatment after diagnosis and titration by split-night polysomnography (PSG) in a sleep laboratory. Patients: Twenty-seven adults (22 men) newly referred for suspected OSAS but without concomitant medical or sleep disorders. Interventions: If the subject's apnea-hypopnea index was greater than 10 and less than 100, the CPAP was titrated during PSG and then followed by NBL titration. Treatment was randomly and blindly set to either CPAP or NBL mode for 1 month. Measurements & Results: There were no significant baseline group differences in age, body mass index, apnea-hypopnea index (mean ± SD, CPAP group vs NBL group of 46.1 ± 23.1/hour vs 41.8 ± 25.8), CPAP requirement, or scores on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire. Treatment with CPAP and NBL equivalently reduced the apnea-hypopnea index during the laboratory titration (7.6 ± 11.9/hour vs. 3.7 ± 4.4, respectively). At 1 month, there were no significant group compliance differences as determined by percentage of nights with at least 4 hours of use (CPAP, 80.5 ± 24 vs NBL, 77.6 ± 24.8) and hours of use per night (CPAP, 5.6 ± 1.4 hours/night vs NBL, 5.6 ± 1.7). Similar improvements were seen in scores on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire. Conclusions: The NBL appeared to be as effective as CPAP for the treatment of OSAS but offered no advantages in patients receiving first-time therapy for OSAS. Citation: Gay PC; Herold DL; Olson EJ. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing continuous positive airway pressure with a Novel bilevel pressure system for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
A database to enable discovery and design of piezoelectric materials

Piezoelectric materials are used in numerous applications requiring a coupling between electrical fields and mechanical strain. Despite the technological importance of this class of materials, for only a small fraction of all inorganic compounds which display compatible crystallographic symmetry, has piezoelectricity been characterized experimentally or computationally. In this work we employ first-principles calculations based on density functional perturbation theory to compute the piezoelectric tensors for nearly a thousand compounds, thereby increasing the available data for this property by more than an order of magnitude. The results are compared to select experimental data to establish the accuracy of the calculated properties. The details of the calculations are also presented, along with a description of the format of the database developed to make these computational results publicly available. In addition, the ways in which the database can be accessed and applied in materials development efforts are described.
Association between HLA-D region antigens and disease-free survival in childhood non-T, non-B acute lymphocytic leukemia

The frequency of three serologically defined HLA-D region antigens--DR, MB, and MT--was determined in a group of 74 children with non-T, non-B acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Statistically, there were no significant differences in the frequency of any antigen in these ALL patients as compared with a panel of 85 normal controls. However, significant differences in HLA-DR frequencies were observed between patients who relapsed or who remained disease-free during a 30-mo period of chemotherapy. An increased incidence of relapse was associated with DR5, while disease-free remission during chemotherapy was associated with DR7. Life table analysis also demonstrated that DR5 was significantly associated with a decrease in disease-free survival in these patients. These data suggest that HLA-associated genetic factors may influence the responses of ALL patients to chemotherapy.
Improving the Exposure of the Prostate in Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy: Longitudinal Bunching of the Deep Venous Plexus

AbstractAs an adjunct to radical retropubic prostatectomy, a new technique is introduced to gather together into a midline bundle as much of the deep venous plexus as is possible practically. The technique improves the exposure of the prostate and the spatial orientation before apical dissection. (J. Urol., 142: 1282–1284, 1989)
Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Bundle-Forming α-Helical Peptide-Dendron Hybrids.

Dendronized helix bundle assemblies combine the sequence diversity and folding properties of proteins with the tailored physical properties of dendrimers. Assembly of peptide–dendron hybrids into α-helical bundles encapsulates the helix bundle motif in a dendritic sheath that will allow the functional, protein-like domain to be transplanted to nonbiological environments. A bioorthogonal graft-to synthetic strategy for preparing helix bundle-forming peptide–dendron hybrids is described herein for hybrids 1a, 1b, and 2. Titration experiments monitored by circular dichroism spectroscopy support our self-assembly model for how the peptide–dendron hybrids self-assemble into α-helical bundles with the dendrons on outside of the bundle.
Neurotrophic factor small-molecule mimetics mediated neuroregeneration and synaptic repair: emerging therapeutic modality for Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an incurable and debilitating chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder which is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. AD is a heterogeneous and multifactorial disorder, histopathologically characterized by the presence of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of Aβ peptides and abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau protein, respectively. Independent of the various etiopathogenic mechanisms, neurodegeneration is a final common outcome of AD neuropathology. Synaptic loss is a better correlate of cognitive impairment in AD than Aβ or tau pathologies. Thus a highly promising therapeutic strategy for AD is to shift the balance from neurodegeneration to neuroregeneration and synaptic repair. Neurotrophic factors, by virtue of their neurogenic and neurotrophic activities, have potential for the treatment of AD. However, the clinical therapeutic usage of recombinant neurotrophic factors is limited because of the insurmountable hurdles of unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties, poor blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and severe adverse effects. Neurotrophic factor small-molecule mimetics, in this context, represent a potential strategy to overcome these short comings, and have shown promise in preclinical studies. Neurotrophic factor small-molecule mimetics have been the focus of intense research in recent years for AD drug development. Here, we review the relevant literature regarding the therapeutic beneficial effect of neurotrophic factors in AD, and then discuss the recent status of research regarding the neurotrophic factor small-molecule mimetics as therapeutic candidates for AD. Lastly, we summarize the preclinical studies with a ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) small-molecule peptide mimetic, Peptide 021 (P021). P021 is a neurogenic and neurotrophic compound which enhances dentate gyrus neurogenesis and memory processes via inhibiting leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) signaling pathway and increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. It robustly inhibits tau abnormal hyperphosphorylation via increased BDNF mediated decrease in glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β, major tau kinase) activity. P021 is a small molecular weight, BBB permeable compound with suitable pharmacokinetics for oral administration, and without adverse effects associated with native CNTF or BDNF molecule. P021 has shown beneficial therapeutic effect in several preclinical studies and has emerged as a highly promising compound for AD drug development.
In Search of Neurological Underpinnings of Empathy

During the long evolution history, the human brain has evolved to understand other person’s state of mind, feelings, perspectives, and intentions. Such an understanding has survival value and facilitates empathic relationships. Evidence suggests that there exists a neurophysiobehavioral substructure in human beings that serves as a precursor and facilitator for understanding others, evident by a newborn’s reactive crying, inborn capacity for mimicry and imitation, physiological synchronicity in interpersonal interactions, perception–action coupling, propensity to understand other’s state of mind reflected in the theory of mind, and findings of a new line of research on the mirror neuron system. Empirical findings from brain imaging studies, brain lesion research, empathy deficiency in neurological disorders (e.g., autism, Asperger’s syndrome, alexithymia), and pain research suggest that certain brain areas can be implicated in forming or failing to form empathic connection. A search for neurological underpinnings of empathy is highly desirable for better understanding of neurological factors that contribute to the development or otherwise to the arrest of the capacity for empathy. Outcomes of such research will have important educational as well as medical implications. From brain imaging research, it can be speculated that certain cortical areas of the brain (e.g., region for cognitive processing in the medial prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral, and mirror neuron region in the premotor areas) could be implicated in cognitive empathic responses. Findings also suggest that the regions for emotional processing, the orbitofrontal cortex and older structures of the brain such as the limbic system, and specifically areas known as the pain matrix (e.g., amygdala, insula, anterior cingulate cortex) could be implicated in emotional empathic reactions. However, these speculations await further experimental verification.
Bolivia: La democracia a una década del gobierno del MAS

El ano 2015 estuvo marcado por varios acontecimientos que definieron las directrices politicas para el tercer gobierno de Evo Morales, como la aprobacion para realizar un referendo constitucional para permitir su tercera repostulacion y el escandalo de corrupcion en el Fondo Indigena. La caida de los precios de los hidrocarburos impacto negativamente la economia del pais y dio pie para la emergencia de diversos conflictos sociales. Las elecciones subnacionales consolidaron el poder del MAS, pese a su derrota en las principales ciudades del pais, mientras que el referendo autonomico evidencio el rechazo a los estatutos departamentales y un interes por reconfigurar las relaciones con el centro. Este articulo aborda los principales eventos politicos de este ano 2015 en Bolivia.
The Widely Available Hallucinogenic Plant Salvia divinorum and Its Main Component, Salvinorin A: A Unique κ-Opioid Receptor (KOP-r) Agonist with Powerful Behavioral and Neurobiological Effects

Abstract Salvia divinorum is a hallucinogenic plant originally used in traditional ethnomedical practice in certain cultures, but is now widely available in the industrialized world through a variety of sources. The main active component of Salvia divinorum is salvinorin A, a diterpene shown to be a selective high-efficacy κ-opioid receptor (KOP-r) agonist, without affinity for the site of action of classic hallucinogens (the 5-HT 2A receptor). Preparations containing salvinorin A cause robust but short-lasting visual and proprioceptive hallucinations, with commonly reported dissociative effects. These effects may be qualitatively similar to previously reported “psychotomimetic” effects observed in humans with synthetic KOP-r agonists. In preclinical animal models, salvinorin A produces behavioral and neurobiological effects qualitatively similar to those observed with synthetic KOP-r agonists. These effects include a decrease in dopaminergic activation. Activation of KOP-r receptors by synthetic and endogenous neuropeptide agonists (the dynorphins) are known to exert a negative modulatory function on dopaminergic systems. Other salvinorin A–induced effects (similar to those of KOP-r agonists) include aversion, anhedonia, and depressant-like and sedative like-effects. Furthermore, salvinorin A also produces robust prolactin release, a neuroendocrine biomarker measure previously used to study KOP-r agonist effects in humans.
Molecular Tagging Diagnostics for the Study of Kinematics and Mixing in Liquid Phase Flows

This work reports our recent developments of novel techniques for velocimetry and studies of the Lagrangian evolution of mixing interfaces based on molecular tagging approaches. These developments take advantage of a class of newly engineered phosphorescent supramolecules that are water soluble. Previous implementations using photochromic molecules and caged fluorescein are briefly discussed and compared.The application of molecular tagging velocimetry demonstrated in several flow fields, including examples which illustrate its Capability in flows with siginificant out-of-plane motion and its, potential for simultaneous passive scalar and velocity measurements.
Jensen Bregman LogDet Divergence Optimal Filtering in the Manifold of Positive Definite Matrices

In this paper, we consider the problem of optimal estimation of a time-varying positive definite matrix from a collection of noisy measurements. We assume that this positive definite matrix evolves according to an unknown GARCH (generalized auto-regressive conditional heteroskedasticity) model whose parameters must be estimated from experimental data. The main difficulty here, compared against traditional parameter estimation methods, is that the estimation algorithm should take into account the fact that the matrix evolves on the PD manifold. As we show in the paper, measuring the estimation error using the Jensen Bregman LogDet divergence leads to computationally tractable (and in many cases convex) problems that can be efficiently solved using first order methods. Further, since it is known that this metric provides a good surrogate of the Riemannian manifold metric, the resulting algorithm respects the non-Euclidean geometry of the manifold. In the second part of the paper we show how to exploit this model in a maximum likelihood setup to obtain optimal estimates of the unknown matrix. In this case, the use of the JBLD metric allows for obtaining an alternative representation of Gaussian conjugate priors that results in closed form solutions for the maximum likelihood estimate. In turn, this leads to computationally efficient algorithms that take into account the non-Euclidean geometry. These results are illustrated with several examples using both synthetic and real data.
Labeling Cancer Risk Factors as Lifestyle Limits Prevention Activities Across the Life Span

…the practice of pediatrics goes further than the mere diagnosing and treatment of diseased conditions, it must deal more and more with the prevention of disease as well. Lawrence T. Royster, MD, Journal of the American Medical Association August 14, 19151 Pediatricians have a long tradition as advocates for disease prevention and social welfare. Many pediatricians, however, may not appreciate the connection between the early life of children and the prevention of cancer later in life. Most cancers are diagnosed in adulthood and messages about cancer prevention have emphasized “lifestyle” as the focus of prevention efforts. The words we use can frame the discussion and direct our focus. Although a person’s lifestyle or way of life can reflect larger social and ecological factors as well as individual behaviors, contemporary use of the term lifestyle tends to steer us away from contextual factors and instead toward an individual-focused approach. Lifestyle medicine, for example, focuses on adult behaviors, such as smoking, diet, physical activity, and alcohol use.2 A consideration of the factors in early life that influence cancer risk highlights some of the inherent limitations of using the term lifestyle when describing modifiable risk factors and opportunities for prevention. More than half a century ago, William Haenszel3 noted that immigrants to the United States experienced different risks for cancer mortality than whites who were born in the country, with excesses and deficits in risk that varied by cancer type. He discussed these data in the context … Address correspondence to Mary C. White, ScD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, MS F76, Atlanta, GA 30341. E-mail: mxw5{at}cdc.gov
Ultrathin thermoacoustic nanobridge loudspeakers from ALD on polyimide.

The recent development of low-temperature (<200 °C) atomic layer deposition (ALD) for fabrication of freestanding nanostructures has enabled consideration of active device design based on engineered ultrathin films. This paper explores audible sound production from thermoacoustic loudspeakers fabricated from suspended tungsten nanobridges formed by ALD. Additionally, this paper develops an approach to lumped-element modeling for design of thermoacoustic nanodevices and relates the near-field plane wave model of individual transducer beams to the far-field spherical wave sound pressure that can be measured with standard experimental techniques. Arrays of suspended nanobridges with 25.8 nm thickness and sizes as small as 17 μm × 2 μm have been fabricated and demonstrated to produce audible sound using the thermoacoustic effect. The nanobridges were fabricated by ALD of 6.5 nm Al2O3 and 19.3 nm tungsten on sacrificial polyimide, with ALD performed at 130 °C and patterned by standard photolithography. The maximum observed loudspeaker sound pressure level (SPL) is 104 dB, measured at 20 kHz, 9.71 W input power, and 1 cm measurement distance, providing a loudspeaker sensitivity value of ~64.6 dB SPL/1 mW. Sound production efficiency was measured to vary proportional to frequency f 3 and was directly proportional to input power. The devices in this paper demonstrate industrially feasible nanofabrication of thermoacoustic transducers and a sound production mechanism pertinent to submicron-scale device engineering.
Targeting DKK1 for the Immunotherapy of B-Cell Lymphomas.

Abstract 465 Immunotherapy may complement the current treatments for lymphomas. The lack of suitable shared lymphoma-associated antigens limits its applicability. Therefore, identification and utilization of novel and more potent tumor-associated antigens, particularly those shared among patients, are urgently needed to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in the diseases. Recent studies have shown that Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a secreted protein and Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor, is highly expressed by myeloma and other tumor cells, and is absent from normal tissues and organs except placenta and prostate. In the present study we demonstrated that DKK1 is also overexpressed in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Using DKK1 peptide-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs), we successfully generated HLA-A*0201+ DKK1-specific CTL lines and clones in vitro. These CTLs effectively lysed DKK1+/HLA-A*0201+ lymphoma cell lines Jeko-1 and Granta 519 cells, but not DKK1-/HLA-A*0201+ BJAB, RL and Mino cells nor DKK1+/HLA-A*020- CA46 and Daudi cells. Furthermore, the T-cell clones efficiently killed DKK1+/HLA-A*0201+ primary B-cell lymphoma cells from patients but not lymphoma cells from DKK1–/HLA-A*0201+ patients. HLA-ABC or HLA-A*0201 blocking mAbs significantly inhibited T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against peptide-pulsed T2 cells (P Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Equilibria in Reactions of Hydrogen, and Carbon Monoxide With Dissolved Oxygen in Liquid Iron; Equilibrium in Reduction of Ferrous Oxide With Hydrogen, and Solubility of Oxygen in Liquid Iron

Equilibria in the following reactions have been investigated in the range of 1550° to 1700°C : 1) H2 + O_ (in liquid Fe) = H2O, 2) CO + O_ (in liquid Fe) = CO2, and 3) H2 + FexO (liquid wustite) = H2O + xFe (liquid). Solubility of oxygen in liquid iron is obtained indirectly with a high degree of accuracy from the equilibrium data on reactions 1 and 3. The results are expressed in thermodynamic functions, and correlated with new data on the standard free energies of H2, H2O, O2CO, and CO2.
Vitamin E Isoform-Specific Functions in Allergic Inflammation and Asthma

Abstract Asthma and allergic lung disease occur as complex environmental and genetic interactions. Epidemiological studies and randomized prevention trials have demonstrated the potential of a number of protective dietary factors for asthma, including the vitamin E isoform α-tocopherol. However, reports for vitamin E have seemingly varied outcomes regarding benefits. These seemingly varied outcomes are consistent with mechanistic studies of opposing functions of the vitamin E isoforms α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol. Moreover, the variation in global prevalence of asthma may be explained, at least in part, by tocopherol isoforms. To clearly interpret outcomes of preclinical models and clinical studies, the studies need to include measurements of the tocopherol isoforms in the supplements, in vehicles for the supplements, and in the plasma or tissues before and after intervention. Understanding the differential regulation of inflammation by tocopherol isoforms provides a basis toward designing interventions that more effectively modulate inflammatory pathways and improve lung function in disease. Furthermore, the investigation of early life diet, in relation to childhood asthma, raises the possibility of early life dietary interventions.
Scalable evacuation routing in a dynamic environment

Abstract In emergency management, tools are needed so we can take the appropriate action at different stages of an evacuation. Recent wildfires in California showed how quickly a natural disaster can affect a large geographical area. Natural disasters can create unpredicted traffic congestion or can temporarily block urban or rural roads. Evacuating a large area in an emergency situation is not possible without prior knowledge of the road network and the ability to generate an efficient evacuation plan. An ideal evacuation routing algorithm should be able to generate realistic and efficient routes for each evacuee from the source to the closest shelter. It should also be able to quickly update routes as the road network changes during the evacuation. For example, if a main road is blocked during a flood, the evacuation routing algorithm should update the plan based on this change in the road network. In this article major works in evacuation routing have been studied and a new algorithm is developed that is faster and can generate better evacuation routes. Additionally, it can quickly adjust the routes if changes in the road network are detected. The new algorithm's performance and running time are reported.
Preventing burnout increases the desirability of neurology as a career

Neurologic diseases comprise a major percentage of disease burden in the United States, and one that is predicted to increase as our population ages. The need for physicians with expertise in the recognition, diagnosis, and management of neurologic diseases also will increase. Over the next decade, the number of neurologists in the United States will grow from the current 16,000 to 18,000. However, even this number represents a predicted 20% shortfall in number of neurologists needed by 2025.1,2 Our neurology workforce therefore must increase to address this current and future need.
Gastrointestinal Hormones and the Control of Food Intake and Energy Metabolism

Gastrointestinal (GI) hormones are increasingly recognized for their roles in the control of appetite and obesity. In this chapter, we review selected regulatory factors secreted from the gut including ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), cholecystokinin (CCK), peptide YY (PYY), fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), and bile acids as they relate to appetite, energy balance, obesity, and obesity-related disease states. We also describe emerging pharmacologic interventions that impact these hormones and promote weight loss. In this rapidly developing field, we have only limited understanding of the broad range of actions of the gastrointestinal hormones, including their interplay with gut microbiota. Not surprisingly, data in the pediatric population are limited. Further research is critical to understand how gastrointestinal hormones affect pediatric obesity and may lead to therapeutic strategies for metabolic and nutritional diseases.
CP Based Branch-and-Price

In this chapter, we present an overview of constraint programming based branch-and-price, a combined integer programming-constraint programming algorithm used to solve combinatorial problems formulated with a huge number of variables. We discuss a number of applications and implementation issues.
Are physiological effects of sleep deprivation in the rat mediated by bacterial invasion

Recent reports have indicated that rats subjected to total sleep deprivation (TSD) by the disk-over-water method and sacrificed when death appeared imminent showed aerobic bacteria in their blood. Yoked control rats did not. Extrapolating from these results, it has been suggested that the late body temperature declines and eventual deaths of TSD rats are caused by septicemia, and that other, earlier-appearing effects of TSD-including weight loss, increased energy expenditure, and regulation of temperature at a higher level-might be mediated by impaired host defenses against bacterial invasion. Three measures of aerobic bacterial invasion were used to evaluate these hypotheses : bacteremia, bacterial colonization in major organs of filtration (liver, kidney, and mesenteric lymph nodes), and adherence of bacteria to the cecal wall. Experiment I showed nonsignificant trends toward more bacterial invasion in 4-day TSD rats compared to yoked control rats and no relationship between the bacterial indicators and the early TSD effects. Experiment 2 showed that the elimination of aerobic bacterial infection by antibiotic treatment did not prevent the early TSD effects in 4-day TSD rats. Experiment 3 showed that the elimination of aerobic bacterial invasion in TSD rats did not eliminate the late temperature decline or the progression toward death. The results showed no significant evidence of aerobic bacterial invasion early in TSD and no indication that the major effects of TSD were dependent upon aerobic bacterial invasion.
From Rio to São Paulo: Shifting Urban Landscapes and Global Strategies for Brazilian Music

Recently, international media outlets have celebrated Sao Paulo for its cosmopolitan musical output and vibrant street art scenes. Based on ethnographic research in the independent music industry in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro between 2007 and 2015, I argue that the shift in attention from Rio de Janeiro to Sao Paulo is accompanying larger strategic changes among independent record labels after years of uncertainty. That geographic reordering from tourism-friendly Rio de Janeiro to the relentless urbanity of Sao Paulo is an indication of whether or not music businesses choose to represent a “Brazilian” essence in music. I show that Brazil’s musical brand now emphasizes genres and styles closely linked to Sao Paulo and the cosmopolitanism that city embodies. In a break with the past, these labels rarely emphasize discernible “Brazilian” musical styles, such as forro and bossa nova, without also promoting globally urban musical styles such as “indie” rock, dancehall reggae, electronic dance music, and hip-hop.
Method effects of the relation between family history of alcoholism and parent reports of offspring impulsive behavior.

Abstract There is an extensive, albeit inconsistent, literature on the relation between parental alcoholism and offspring impulsive behavior. The reasons for this inconsistency are likely multiple but it seems probable that method effects due to different methodological approaches might explain some of the inconsistencies. Offspring behavior is typically assessed based on informant reports. However, no specific method has been demonstrated as optimal for analyzing informant reports, and conclusions may differ depending on the method used. The present study compared findings derived from a multi-informant method proposed by Bauer et al. (2013) to other structural equation models. Participants came from Wave 7 of the Alcohol, Health and Behavior study and included mother and father reports of offspring impulsive behavior on the Health and Behavior Questionnaire (Armstrong, Goldstein, & the MacArthur Working Group on Outcome Assessment, 2003). There were 368 offspring (50% female, age range 3–17 years, meanage = 6.78, SDage = 3.07) from 205 families. The multi-informant model and the single-reporter models each provided a good fit of the data; however, findings differed based on the approach employed. Specifically, the mother-only report model found that offspring with a family history of alcoholism (FHA) were more impulsive compared to offspring without a FHA; no effect of FHA was found in the other single-reporter models. Ratings of offspring impulsive behavior were higher on the father perspective factor suggesting alcoholic fathers were biased in their reports. These findings highlight the relation between FHA and impulsive behavior varies depending on the analytic method used.
Screen Printed, Large Area Bifacial N-PERT cells with Tunnel Oxide Passivated Back Contact

This paper reports on the effect of screen printed metallization on passivation quality of TOPCon structure. A metallized TOPCon using fire-through screen printing process showed excellent saturation current density (metallized J0,TOPCon ~ 15 fA/cm2) with very low contact resistance (~6 mohm-cm2), However, screen printed metallization increased the recombination at low level injection level (≤0.1 sun) causing some degradation in iFF. We successfully fabricated 20.1 % bifacial n-type PERT cells with ∼180 ohm/□ implanted B emitter and TOPCon rear using screen printing and fire through contact technology. Detailed cell analysis showed that high series resistance and saturation current density of metallized B emitter limited the cell performance to ~20%.
Representation of Haltere Oscillations and Integration with Visual Inputs in the Fly Central Complex.

The reduced hindwings of flies, known as halteres, are specialized mechanosensory organs that detect body rotations during flight. Primary afferents of the haltere encode its oscillation frequency linearly over a wide bandwidth and with precise phase-dependent spiking. However, it is not currently known whether information from haltere primary afferent neurons is sent to higher brain centers where sensory information about body position could be used in decision making, or whether precise spike timing is useful beyond the peripheral circuits that drive wing movements. We show that in cells in the central brain, the timing and rates of neural spiking can be modulated by sensory input from experimental haltere movements (driven by a servomotor). Using multichannel extracellular recording in restrained flesh flies (Sarcophaga bullata of both sexes), we examined responses of central complex cells to a range of haltere oscillation frequencies alone, and in combination with visual motion speeds and directions. Haltere-responsive units fell into multiple response classes, including those responding to any haltere motion and others with firing rates linearly related to the haltere frequency. Cells with multisensory responses showed higher firing rates than the sum of the unisensory responses at higher haltere frequencies. They also maintained visual properties, such as directional selectivity, while increasing response gain nonlinearly with haltere frequency. Although haltere inputs have been described extensively in the context of rapid locomotion control, we find haltere sensory information in a brain region known to be involved in slower, higher-order behaviors, such as navigation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Many animals use vision for navigation; however, these cues must be interpreted in the context of the body9s position. In mammalian brains, hippocampal cells combine visual and vestibular information to encode head direction. A region of the arthropod brain, known as the central complex (CX), similarly encodes heading information, but it is unknown whether proprioceptive information is integrated here as well. We show that CX neurons respond to input from halteres, specialized proprioceptors in flies that detect body rotations. These neurons also respond to visual input, providing one of the few examples of multiple sensory modalities represented in individual CX cells. Haltere stimulation modifies neural responses to visual signals, providing a mechanism for integrating vision with proprioception.
Designing for institutional transformation: Six principles for department-level interventions

Principles drawn from the literature on higher education, organizational change, discipline-based education research, and design thinking can support sustained change efforts at the department level.
Uncovering Barriers and Strategies for African Americans and Organ Donation

Using the nominal group technique barriers to becoming an organ donor and strategies that would elicit new African American donors were examined among seven groups of African Americans (N = 50). Re...
Structural Racism, Social Risk Factors, and Covid-19 - A Dangerous Convergence for Black Americans.

Structural Racism, Social Risk Factors, and Covid-19 The Covid-19 pandemic clearly illustrates the intersection of structural racism, social risk factors, and health. But with a concerted effort th...
Variation in which key motivational and academic resources relate to academic performance disparities across introductory college courses

Differences in post-secondary academic outcomes along dimensions of gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status are a major concern. Few studies have considered differences in patterns of academic outcomes and underlying mechanisms driving disparities across different STEM disciplines. Using data from about 4000 undergraduates in introductory STEM courses at a large, urban university in the eastern United States, this study examines how differences in course grades by gender, race/ethnicity, and parent education vary in introductory chemistry, physics, and psychology courses. In addition, structural equation modeling techniques examine whether academic resources and discipline-specific motivational attitudes are important mediators of demographic differences in course grades. This study finds that women have higher course grades than men on average in psychology, and men have marginally higher grades than women in physics. In addition, students whose race/ethnicity is represented or overrepresented in these courses (students who are White and or Asian) have higher course grades in chemistry and physics and marginally higher grades in psychology on average compared with underrepresented students (who are Black, Latinx, Native American, Pacific Islander, and or other racial/ethnic backgrounds). Further, first-generation college students have lower course grades in physics and psychology on average than students with a college-educated parent. The largest average differences in course performance are about half a full letter grade (e.g., the difference between a B and an A−). This study also finds that some demographic differences in physics and chemistry performance are linked to math resources whereas some disparities in psychology are more related to verbal resources. In addition, the results suggest discipline-specific self-efficacy is a motivational attitude associated with course performance in chemistry, physics, and psychology, while discipline-specific interest is only relevant in chemistry. Overall, the findings emphasize that there are demographic differences in post-secondary course performance on average, and academic resources and motivational attitudes help explain these differences. Importantly, the specific findings differ across chemistry, physics, and psychology. Understanding these pathways and how they are similar and different across disciplines within STEM is crucial for developing interventions aimed at attenuating disparities in post-secondary academic outcomes.
Dr. King and Martin Luther on Law: Politics, Theology, and Captivity

This paper places Dr. Martin Luther King and Martin Luther in conversation in order to compare their polyvalent engagements with law in protest speech. Each figure viewed God’s law dialogically and...