cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Well, Now, Okey Dokey: English Discourse Markers in Spanish-Language Medical Consultations

The purpose of this article is to examine the use of English discourse markers (EDMs) in medical consultations that were conducted in Spanish. Data are collected from an audio-recorded corpus of Spanish-language consultations that took place in a small community clinic in the United States as well as post-consultation interviews with patients and providers. Through the quantification of the use of discourse makers in the corpus and discourse analysis of transcripts, this article demonstrates that English-dominant medical providers use EDMs more frequently and with a broader range of functions than Spanish-dominant medical providers and patients. Such use of EDMs serves to exacerbate the power relationship between providers and patients even though it does not cause overt miscommunication in the ongoing interaction. The implications for providers who use a second language in their medical consultations are discussed. Resume: Cet article examine l'utilisation de marqueurs discursifs de l'anglais lors de consultations se deroulant en espagnol. Les donnees proviennent d'un corpus d'enregistrements audio de consultations en espagnol dans une petite clinique communautaire des Etats-Unis, ainsi que d'entrevues post-consultation avec les patients et les soignants. En quantifiant l'usage des marqueurs discursifs dans le corpus et par l'analyse discursive des transcriptions, l'article montre que les soignants qui ont l'anglais comme langue forte ont recours plus souvent aux marqueurs discursifs de l'anglais, qu'ils emploient dans une plus grande diversite de fonctions, que les soignants et les patients qui ont l'espagnol comme langue forte. Un tel usage des marqueurs discursifs de l'anglais accentue fortement la relation de pouvoir entre soignants et patients, meme si l'utilisation de ces marqueurs ne cause pas de proble`mes de communication evidents pendant l'interaction. Les consequences de ces resultats pour les soignants qui font des consultations medicales dans leur langue seconde sont abordees.
Isolation and characterization of coactivator-binding peptoids from a combinatorial library

Pharmacologic agents capable of activating the expression of specific genes would be valuable tools in biological research and could potentially be useful therapeutically. Efforts to develop a general solution to this problem have focused on the discovery of cell permeable mimics of native transcription factors comprised of linked DNA-binding and activation domain surrogates. Recently, we reported the isolation of a peptoid, called KBPo2, that binds a fragment of the mammalian coactivator CREB-binding protein (CBP). When delivered to a promoter-bound DNA-binding domain, this peptoid acted as a potent activation domain mimic in human cells. In this paper, we provide full details of the screening experiments and also report further characterization of this molecule as well as the other peptoids that came out of the screen. Of the three peptoids identified as putative CBP ligands, only KBPo2 demonstrated the necessary combination of binding affinity, specificity and cell permeability necessary to function as a potent activation domain mimic in cells. KBPo2 binds to CBP in a region different than that recognized by the native activation peptide from the transcription factor CREB.
Sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) deficiency attenuates LPS-induced lung injury

Sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) catalyzes the synthesis of sphingomyelin (SM) and is required for maintenance of plasma membrane microdomain fluidity. Of the two isoforms of mammalian SMS, SMS1 is mostly present in the trans-Golgi apparatus, whereas SMS2 is predominantly found at the plasma membrane. SMS2 has a role in receptor mediated response to inflammation in macrophages, however, the role of SMS2 in vascular permeability, pulmonary edema, and lung injury have not been investigated. To define the role of SMS activation in lung injury, we utilized a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung edema model. SMS activity was measured and correlated with the severity of lung injury. Within 4 h of LPS treatment, SMS activity was increased significantly and remained upregulated up to 24 h. Comparison of LPS-induced lung injury in SMS2 knockout (SMS2(-/-)) and wild-type littermate control mice showed that inflammation, cytokine induction, and lung injury were significantly inhibited in SMS2(-/-) mice. Our results suggest that a deficiency of SMS2 can diminish the extent of pulmonary edema and lung injury. Furthermore, we show that depletion of SMS2 was sufficient to decrease MAP kinase-JNK activation, severity of LPS-induced pulmonary neutrophil influx, and inflammation, suggesting a novel role of SMS2 activation in lung injury.
Expression of a gene that encodes pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide in the central nervous system of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea

Abstract Expression of the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (Hez-PBAN) gene in the central nervous system of larval, pupal and adult Helicoverpa zea was studied using Northern hybridization analyses, reverse-transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in situ hybridization histochemistry, and whole-mount immunocytochemistry. Northern hybridization experiments demonstrated the presence of a 0.8-Kb Hez-PBAN transcript in the subesophageal ganglion in adults, pupae and day 0–1 final instar larvae. In the subesophageal ganglion, Hez-PBAN mRNA was localized by in situ hybridization histochemistry to the mandibular, maxillary and labial cell clusters. Whole-mount immunocytochemical studies showed that these three cell clusters also possess PBAN-like immunoreactivity. Low levels of Hez-PBAN mRNA were revealed in other parts of the central nervous system, including the brain, thoracic ganglia and abdominal ganglia by RT-PCR. In day 0–1 final instar larvae, these low levels of Hez-PBAN mRNA were localized by in situ hybridization histochemistry to a pair of ventral midline neurons in each thoracic ganglion and some abdominal ganglia. PBAN-like immunoreactivity was also detected in these neurons. This study shows that in H. zea, the Hez-PBAN gene is expressed predominantly in the subesophageal ganglion, and at relatively low levels in other parts of the central nervous system.
Verticillium wilt of tomatoes—the role of pectic and cellulolytic enzymes

SUMMARY An isolate of Verticillium albo-atrum, highly pathogenic to tomato plants, secreted polygalacturonase (PG) on a variety of synthetic media. Particularly active filtrates were obtained from cultures on media containing mineral salts, casamino acids and pectin or polypectate. Pectates were degraded more rapidly than pectin. None of the filtrates had high cellulase or pectinesterase activity; the most active were from cultures with carboxymethyl cellulose or pectin as carbon sources. The fungus made little growth in exudates from xylem sap unless carbon sources were added, and then culture filtrates had appreciable PG and cellulase activity but very little pectinesterase activity. Saps from susceptible and resistant varieties gave similar results. The fungus was also grown on a synthetic sap based upon an analysis of xylem exudate. Results similar to those for xylem sap were obtained. Filtrates from cultures on dead stems of both varieties had little pectinesterase activity and a definite but relatively low PG and cellulase activity. Extracts from diseased plants had no PG or cellulase activity but had a considerably higher pectinesterase activity on fresh and dry weight bases. Exudates from xylem of diseased plants had no PG or cellulase activity but had a low pectinesterase activity which was slightly higher than that from healthy plants. The effects of different culture filtrates on cuttings is described. Filtrates with high PG activity produced some of the symptoms found in naturally diseased plants. Solutions of pectin, polypectate and carboxymethyl cellulose caused cuttings to wilt in very low concentrations; much higher concentrations were needed after solutions of these substances had been degraded by PG or cellulase.
Plasma Myeloperoxidase Predicts Incident Cardiovascular Risks in Stable Patients Undergoing Medical Management for Coronary Artery Disease

BACKGROUND: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) concentrations predict adverse clinical outcomes in the setting of acute coronary syndromes and heart failure, but the prognostic role of MPO in stable patients with known atherosclerotic burden is unclear. METHODS: We examined plasma MPO concentrations and their relationship with prevalent significant coronary artery disease (defined as >50% stenosis in any coronary vessel) and incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, in a 3-year prospective follow-up study of 1895 patients undergoing elective coronary angiography. RESULTS: The median plasma MPO concentration was 101 pmol/L (interquartile range 68–187 pmol/L). Patients with plasma MPO concentrations >322 pmol/L (14.6% of population) had increased risk of developing future MACEs [hazard ratio (HR) 1.78, 95% CI 1.33–2.37, P 322 pmol/L. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma MPO concentrations provide independent prognostic value for the prediction of long-term incident MACEs in a stable, medically managed patient population with coronary artery disease. In individuals with increased hsCRP concentrations, we observed lower risk of incident MACEs when concomitant MPO concentrations were low vs when MPO concentrations were high.
DNA probes for viral diagnosis

Great excitement has surrounded the development of molecular hybridization techniques for viruses because of the potential of nucleic acid probes as diagnostic reagents. The need for rapid and accurate viral diagnosis has become particularly pressing with the recent availability of numerous drugs which have been clinically proven as effective in antiviral chemotherapy and prophylaxis. Additionally, even for those viruses for which no therapy is currently available or for which none is needed, the ability to diagnose a causative viral pathogen in a patient with a disease of protean manifestations and multiple possible etiologies is of value. Many such patients are routinely treated empirically with unnecessary antibacterial or antifungal drugs until bacterial and/or fungal disease can be ruled out. Proof of viral etiology in such patients will reduce unnecessary therapy and even unnecessary hospitalization. Furthermore, identification of a specific viral pathogen will often allow the physician to predict the patient’s prognosis and need for future care. Viral diagnosis also plays an important role in epidemiology and hospital infection control, where knowledge of the specific infecting virus is critical to characterizing and containing the spread of the virus from person to person. Finally, viral diagnosis can be both money saving and money earning for a hospital and clinic.
Bayesian modeling in institutional research: An example of nonlinear classification

Bayesian network is introduced and illustrated as a flexible and reliable data analytical technique for extracting useful information from large-scale institutional databases.
Computing linear approximations to nonlinear neuronal responses

We present an approach to obtain nonlinear information about neuronal response by computing multiple linear approximations. By calculating local linear approximations centered around particular stimuli, one can obtain insight into stimulus features that drive the response of highly nonlinear neurons, such as neurons highly selective to a small set of stimuli. We implement this approach based on stimulus–spike correlation (i.e., reverse correlation or spike-triggered average) methods. We illustrate the benefits of these linear approximations with a simplified two-dimensional model and a model of an auditory neuron that is highly selective to particular features of a song.
Dynamic NMDAR-mediated properties of place cells during the object place memory task

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) in the hippocampus participate in encoding and recalling the location of objects in the environment, but the ensemble mechanisms by which NMDARs mediate these processes have not been completely elucidated. To address this issue, we examined the firing patterns of place cells in the dorsal CA1 area of the hippocampus of mice (n = 7) that performed an object place memory (OPM) task, consisting of familiarization (T1), sample (T2) and choice (T3) trials, after systemic injection of 3-((±)2-carboxypiperazin-4yl)propyl-1-phosphate (CPP), a specific NMDAR antagonist. Place cell properties under CPP (CPP–PCs) were compared to those after control saline injection (SAL–PCs) in the same mice. We analyzed place cells across the OPM task to determine whether they signaled the introduction or movement of objects by NMDAR-mediated changes of their spatial coding. On T2, when two objects were first introduced to a familiar chamber, CPP–PCs and SAL–PCs showed stable, vanishing or moving place fields in addition to changes in spatial information (SI). These metrics were comparable between groups. Remarkably, previously inactive CPP–PCs (with place fields emerging de novo on T2) had significantly weaker SI increases than SAL–PCs. On T3, when one object was moved, CPP–PCs showed reduced center-of-mass (COM) shift of their place fields. Indeed, a subset of SAL–PCs with large COM shifts (>7 cm) was largely absent in the CPP condition. Notably, for SAL–PCs that exhibited COM shifts, those initially close to the moving object followed the trajectory of the object, whereas those far from the object did the opposite. Our results strongly suggest that the SI changes and COM shifts of place fields that occur during the OPM task reflect key dynamic properties that are mediated by NMDARs and might be responsible for binding object identity with location.
CoMFA, HQSAR and molecular docking studies of butitaxel analogues with β-tubulin

Results from biochemical analyses for a series of 20 butitaxel analogues, paclitaxel and docetaxel were used to build two- and three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models in order to investigate the properties associated with microtubule assembly and stabilization. A comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) model was built using steric and electrostatic fields. The CoMFA model yielded an r2 of 0.943 and a cross-validated r2 (i.e. q2) of 0.376. Hologram quantitative structure-activity relationship (HQSAR) modeling of these same data generated an r2 of 0.919 and a q2 of 0.471. Contour maps used to visualize the steric and electrostatic contributions associated with activity or lack thereof were, as expected, localized to the varied position of the taxane system. Each analogue was docked successfully into a model of β-tubulin derived from previously determined cryoelectron microscopy analyses of the tubulin α/β heterodimer. All analogues superimposed well with paclitaxel bound to the protein, as well as with each other. Defining the variable region of each structure as the ligand and docking it separately into the paclitaxel site revealed a modest correlation (r2=0.53) between activity and docking energy of all the compounds in the dataset. When only the butitaxel derivatives were considered, the correlation increased to 0.61. The mathematical models derived here provide information for the future development of taxanes.
The genetic basis of Drosophila sechellia's resistance to a host plant toxin.

Unlike its close relatives, Drosophila sechellia is resistant to the toxic effects of the fruit of its host plant, Morinda citrifolia. Using 15 genetic markers, I analyze the genetic basis of D. sechellia 's resistance to this fruit's primary toxin, octanoic acid. D. sechellia 's resistance is dominant in F1 hybrids between it and its sister species D. simulans. All chromosomes, except the Y and the dot fourth, carry genes affecting resistance. The third chromosome has the greatest effect and carries at least two factors. The X chromosome has an intermediate effect and harbors at least two genes, whereas the second chromosome carries at least one gene of weak effect. Thus, at least five loci are involved in this adaptation. However, I also identified large chromosome regions having no effect on resistance, suggesting that D. sechellia 's resistance is neither very simple nor highly polygenic. Instead, resistance appears to have an oligogenic basis. D. sechellia 's resistance to its host may contribute to ecological isolation between it and D. simulans.
Affinity functions in fuzzy connectedness based image segmentation I: Equivalence of affinities

Fuzzy connectedness (FC) constitutes an important class of image segmentation schemas. Although affinity functions represent the core aspect (main variability parameter) of FC algorithms, they have not been studied systematically in the literature. In this paper, we began filling this gap by introducing and studying the notion of equivalent affinities: if any two equivalent affinities are used in the same FC schema to produce two versions of the algorithm, then these algorithms are equivalent in the sense that they lead to identical segmentations. We give a complete and elegant characterization of the affinity equivalence. We also demonstrate that any segmentation obtained via a relative fuzzy connectedness (RFC) algorithm can be viewed as segmentation obtained via absolute fuzzy connectedness (AFC) algorithm with an automatic and adaptive threshold detection. Since the main goal of the paper is to identify, by formal mathematical arguments, the affinity functions that are equivalent, extensive experimental confirmations are not needed - they show completely identical segmentations - and as such, only relevant examples of the theoretical results are provided.
Increased uptake in the lower neck on bone images

A 44-YEAR-OLD woman obtained a 99mTCMDP bone image as part of her metastatic workup for breast carcinoma. Two areas of increased uptake anterior to the middle and lower cervical spine were noted (Fig 1). When compared to the cervical radiograph, the upper uptake was due to the calcified hyoid bone and the lower uptake was caused by the calcified thyroid-cricoid cartilage (Fig 2). Increased activity in the hyoid bone and thyroid-cricoid cartilage may be seen on bone images of patients between the age of 10 and 20 years, but more frequently is seen between the age of 20 to 50 years.~ Radiographic calcification is usually identified in these areas. Although in older people radiographically heavy calcified thyroid-cricoid cartilages are more often seen, the incidence and intensity of increased uptake on bone images in this area declines with increas-
Downregulation of Protein Kinase C Inhibits Activation of Mitochondrial KATP Channels by Diazoxide

Background—The mitochondrial KATP (mitoKATP) channel has been shown to confer short- and long-term cardioprotection against prolonged ischemia via protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathways. However, the exact association between PKC or its isoforms and mitoKATP channels has not yet been clarified. The present study tested the hypothesis that the activity and translocation of PKC to the mitochondria are important for cardiac protection elicited by mitoKATP channels. Methods and Results—PKC was downregulated by prolonged (24-hour) treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (4 μg/kg body weight) before subsequent experiments in rats. Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were subjected to 40 minutes of ischemia followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. Effects of PKC downregulation on the activation of mitoKATP channels and other interventions on hemodynamic, biochemical, and pathological changes were assessed. Subcellular localization of PKC isoforms by Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry demonstrated ...
Electromigration in Ni/Sn intermetallic micro bump joint for 3D IC chip stacking

In this study, we used a chip-on-chip test vehicle with 30μm pitch lead-free solder micro bump to study the electromigration reliability of solder micro bump interconnection used for 3D chip stacking. The structure of micro bump composed of Sn2.5Ag solder material with Cu/Ni under bump metallization (UBM) was selected. Two types of interconnection were chosen to evaluate the effect of the joint structure on electromigration behavior. The type I was the chip stacking sample with the IMC / Sn (5 um thick) / IMC joint structure, while the type II was the sample with fully transformed Ni 3 Sn 4 intermetallic (IMC) joints made by the post-treatment of long time thermal aging. Electromigration test was performed on the four point Kelvin structure and daisy-chain structure under the current stressing of 104∼105 A/cm2 at an ambient temperature of 150°C. During the electromigration test, the resistance increase was in-situ monitored to determine the definite time to failure. The microstructure evolution was also examined at different stages of joint resistance increase. From the testing results, the rapid increase of joint resistance was found at the early stage under current stressing in the type I micro bump. After that, the joint resistance increase became slower. This mild increasing stage was much longer than the early stage. For the type II sample, however, the resistance increasing rate was quiet lower than that of the type I sample at the identical testing time. With a higher current density in the order of 105 A/cm2 in the micro joint, the effect of joule heating caused the damage happened in Al trace and Cu UBM while the residual Sn solder had been transformed to be Ni 3 Sn 4 IMC totally and few voids were found around IMC by the microstructure observation. When applied a current density in the order of 104 A/cm2 on the micro joint, the residual Sn was also fully transformed to be IMC. However, the failure mode of the micro joint is not clear yet because the experiments are still on-going. The resistance variation is showing a steady state under such a condition of current stressing and so far no open failure happened.
Inkjet printed patch antennas on transparent substrates

There is a growing interest in optically transparent antennas. Turpin et al. has demonstrated a meshed patch antenna with 93% transparency where the antenna could be either fabricated from electroformed metal mesh or screen printed on transparent substrates with conductive inks [1]. For a faster and more accurate fabrication, it is favorable to print antenna with an inkjet printer as described by Rida [2]. While Rida's approach focused mainly on using paper substrates and on ring or dipole type antennas, this paper is aimed to present a cheaper printing method and the feasibility of printing patch type antennas on transparent substrates for the applications such as solar cell integration.
Issues in the use of adaptive clinical trial designs

Sequential sampling plans are often used in the monitoring of clinical trials in order to address the ethical and efficiency issues inherent in human testing of a new treatment or preventive agent for disease. Group sequential stopping rules are perhaps the most commonly used approaches, but in recent years, a number of authors have proposed adaptive methods of choosing a stopping rule. In general, such adaptive approaches come at a price of inefficiency (almost always) and clouding of the scientific question (sometimes). In this paper, I review the degree of adaptation possible within the largely prespecified group sequential stopping rules, and discuss the operating characteristics that can be characterized fully prior to collection of the data. I then discuss the greater flexibility possible when using several of the adaptive approaches receiving the greatest attention in the statistical literature and conclude with a discussion of the scientific and statistical issues raised by their use.
Differential Stability and Individual Growth Trajectories of Big Five and Affective Traits During Young Adulthood

Big Five and affective traits were measured at three assessments when participants were on average 18, 21, and 24 years old. Rank-order stability analyses revealed that stability correlations tended to be higher across the second compared to the first retest interval; however, affective traits consistently were less stable than the Big Five. Median stability coefficients for the Big Five increased from .62 (Time 1 vs. Time 2) to .70 (Time 2 to Time 3); parallel increases also were observed for measures of negative affectivity (median rs=.49 and .55, respectively) and positive affectivity (median rs=.48 and .57, respectively). Growth curve analyses revealed significant change on each of the Big Five and affective traits, although many of the scales also showed significant variability in individual trajectories. Thus, rank-order stability is increasing for a range of personality traits, although there also is significant variability in change trajectories during young adulthood.
Four-dimensional conformal supergravity from AdS space

Exploring the role of conformal theories of gravity in string theory, we show that the minimal (N=2) gauged supergravities in five dimensions induce the multiplets and transformations of N=1 four-dimensional conformal supergravity on the spacetime boundary. N=1 Poincare supergravity can be induced by explicitly breaking the conformal invariance via a radial cutoff in the 5D space. The AdS/CFT correspondence relates the maximal gauged supergravity in five dimensions to N=4 super Yang-Mills theory on the 4D spacetime boundary. In this context we show that the conformal anomaly of the gauge theory induces conformal gravity on the boundary of the space and that this theory, via the renormalization group, encapsulates the gravitational dynamics of the skin of asymptotically AdS spacetimes. Our results have several applications to the AdS/CFT correspondence and the Randall-Sundrum scenario.
Distributed Aggregation Algorithms with Load-Balancing for Scalable Grid Resource Monitoring

Scalable resource monitoring and discovery are essential to the planet-scale infrastructures such as grids and PlanetLab. This paper proposes a scalable grid monitoring architecture that builds distributed aggregation trees (DAT) on a structured P2P network like Chord. By leveraging Chord topology and routing mechanisms, the DAT trees are implicitly constructed from native Chord routing paths without membership maintenance. To balance the DAT trees, we propose a balanced routing algorithm on Chord that dynamically selects the parent of a node from its finger nodes by its distance to the root. This paper shows that this balanced routing algorithm enables the construction of almost completely balanced DATs, when nodes are evenly distributed in the Chord identifier space. We have evaluated the performance and scalability of a DAT prototype implementation with up to 8192 nodes. Our experimental results show that the balanced DAT scheme scales well to a large number of nodes and corresponding aggregation trees. Without maintaining explicit parent-child membership, it has very low overhead during node arrival and departure. We demonstrate that the DAT scheme performs well in grid resource monitoring.
Evaluation and Management of Patients With Aortic Stenosis

Case presentation: A 66-year-old man is referred to a cardiologist for the evaluation of a heart murmur. The patient claims to be entirely asymptomatic, although his wife notes that he has decreased his physical activity over the past two years because he is “getting old.” At physical examination, his blood pressure was 120/70 mm Hg; pulse, 80 bpm; respiration, 13 breaths per minute; and temperature, 99.0°F. Cardiovascular examination revealed normal central venous pressure. His carotid upstrokes were reduced in volume and delayed in upstroke. Cardiac examination revealed a forceful sustained apical impulse in its normal position. There was a 3/6 late-peaking systolic ejection murmur heard at the right upper sternal border radiating to the neck. The rest of the physical examination was unremarkable. Echo-Doppler evaluation revealed an ejection fraction of 0.60, a left ventricular free wall thickness of 1.3 cm, and a peak transaortic flow velocity of 4.5 m/s. How should this patient be managed? Should he undergo aortic valve replacement now? Should he undergo longitudinal follow-up to monitor progression of his aortic stenosis? Over the past 40 years, diagnostic techniques, substitute cardiac valves, and valve implantation surgery have undergone continued improvement, reducing the risk of the valve replacement and enhancing its benefits. Thus, the risk-benefit analysis of valve surgery has tilted in favor of increasingly early intervention for valve disease. The following is a summary incorporating this concept into the current strategy for managing patients with aortic stenosis such as the one described above. The patient with severe aortic stenosis who presents with symptoms represents the most straightforward management strategy for the disease. Survival is nearly normal until the classic symptoms of angina, syncope, or dyspnea develop.1 However, only 50% of patients who present with angina survive 5 years, whereas 50% survival is 3 years for patients who …
SUBADULT DISPERSAL IN A MONOGAMOUS SPECIES: THE ALABAMA BEACH MOUSE (PEROMYSCUS POLIONOTUS AMMOBATES)

Dispersal and philopatric tendencies were examined in Alabama beach mice (Peromyscus polionotus ammobates) during a 26-month study. Data on microgeographic dispersal (126,410 trap nights) were used to test hypotheses relating to dispersal, persistence time, and home-range size. We predicted that dispersal between zones would be nonrandom and that dispersal patterns would fit a simple competition-based model. In addition, we predicted that philopatry would be beneficial in terms of persistence times and home-range size. Counter to our prediction, dispersal distance (average 160.2 m) was equal both within and between habitat zones. Home-range size (average 3,586.2 m 2 ) was significantly smaller for philopatric mice (1,933.7 m 2 ) but persistence times were longer for dispersers (137.5 days). We hypothesize that predation risk may counteract normal advantages of philopatry for this population.
Measuring student integration and institutional support

Engineering is a demanding discipline and otherwise qualified students often take their talents elsewhere- either before earning a Bachelor's degree or shortly thereafter. As a result, engineering educators must provide students with adequate support to increase the chances of students successfully integrating into the field of engineering. However, little is known about the relationship between Institutional Support and Student Integration or how each construct influences the retention or early-career decision-making of engineering students. Drawing on the Model of Co-curricular Support, the purpose of this paper is to describe current efforts to develop survey instruments that can be used to investigate how undergraduate engineering students rate themselves on Institutional Support and Student Integration, paying close attention to gender and race/ethnicity. Survey instruments that are valid and reliable within this context would be useful for assessing the impact of student interventions.
Novel Violations: The Hermaphrodite and the Failure of Form

Studies of gender and sexuality in the Victorian novel tend to focus on narrative plot and progression. Sharon Marcus’s recent book, Between Women, offers a compelling analysis of female friendships and the plots they enable. Marcus uses Charlotte Bronte’s Shirley (1849) to explain how homosocial female bonds enable the heterosexual marriage plot, as the mutual loyalty of Shirley Keeldar and Caroline Helstone allow both women to attain desirable and advantageous marriages (99). As a further example, Holly Furneaux’s Queer Dickens pursues similar aims, tracing the ways in which queer characters, namely bachelors, play a vital role in propping up hetero normative narratives (7–8). But because each of these arguments presumes a body whose gender is stable and therefore clearly readable as either female or male, they leave open a haunting question: what kinds of novelistic plotlines might more unclassifiable bodies open up or foreclose? How might the confounding body of the hermaphrodite alter or transform the familiar plots of the British novel? What would become of the marriage plots or the plots of property inheritance that so often struc ture nineteenth-century fiction?
Between Pragmatism and Anarchism: The American Copyright Revolt since 1998

Since 1998 questions about whether the United States has constructed an equitable or effective copyright system frequently appear on the pages of daily newspapers. Calls both for stronger and looser copyright systems have grown in volume and furor. Such debate echoes around several important court cases. For example, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in early 2003 that the foundations of American copyright, as expressed in the Constitution, are barely relevant in an age in which both media companies and clever consumers enjoy unprecedented power over the use of works. Such tensions and conflicts have been narrated through the frameworks of binaries such as "protection vs. piracy" and "property vs. commons." Some accounts of recent copyright battles have emphasized the excessive, often absurd, level of protection and vigilance by copyright holders. Others have explored the influence of scholar-activists in the rise of a reform movement. In contrast, this paper argues that the best way to explain copyright trends and battles in recent years is to examine the struggles that individuals and groups have mounted on behalf of their rights and abilities to control their cultural and information ecosystems. This is a pragmatic analysis - focused on what people can and may do with their culture and the information available to them. The struggle has been about local and private autonomy over what gets sung, played, and made - about who gets to generate the soundtracks of American life in the 21st century.
Managing Change in Dental Education: Is There a Method to the Madness?

The literature surrounding dental education in the United States is replete with calls for change in the way that dental students are being educated. These calls are being echoed with curriculum models and examples of best practices, but what is missing is specific information about how to implement a desired change—that is, discussion of the change process itself. Knowledge of the organizational change process in other settings, particularly in higher education and professional education, may be of interest to academic program managers in dental schools who are planning or are engaged in change. Historical and theoretical perspectives on organizations and change are presented in this article as groundwork for more detailed discussion about management of change. Seventeen research-based principles of change in higher education and factors in dental education that influence change processes and outcomes are presented and synthesized into guidelines for a hypothetical model for change in a dental school environment. Issues pertinent to the practical management of change are presented, including reframing organizational complexity, change leadership, values/competence/commitment, and organizational learning. An appreciation for change as an ongoing and manageable process will enhance a dental school’s viability in a rapidly changing world and ultimately benefit dental graduates and the communities they serve.
Terabus: A Waveguide-Based Parallel Optical Interconnect

Terabus is an optical link for parallel chip-to-chip interconnects operating in the 0.5-1 Tb/s range. It is based on a chip-like optoelectronic packaging structure (optochip) assembled directly onto an organic card with integrated waveguides (optocard).
Planar branch systems in colonial suspension feeders

Among the various forms developed by marine colonial filter feeders, erect colonial fans have evolved in representatives of several phyla. Branches are relatively narrow, evenly spaced from one another, proliferate by bifurcation, and in most colonies continue from their point of origin to the distal margin of the colony. Their narrowness and uniform placement is apparently related to filling an area with multiple tentacle bells of similar size. The major architectural problem for such a colonial suspension feeder seems to be construction of a sheet composed of narrow branches such that water may be filtered as it flows through the sheet, between branches. The simplest form of the filtration sheets is a uniformly expanding wedge, in which new branches originate at regular intervals from the point of origin of the wedge. Variation in rate of addition of new branches results in more complex forms, such as paraboloids, flaring fans, spirals, and highly folded sheets.
Clinical and Histological Evaluation of Ceramic Matrix in a Collagen Carrier for Socket Preservation in Humans.

Introduction A case series was used to evaluate the efficacy and predictability of a ceramic matrix in a putty-like collagen carrier in immediate extraction sockets. Methods A single failing tooth was atraumatically extracted from each of 10 subjects. The sockets were debrided and grafted with ceramic matrix in a putty-like collagen carrier (15% hydroxyapatite, 85% β-tricalcium phosphate complex). A bovine pericardium membrane was draped over the graft site and a tension-free primary closure was obtained. After 6 months of healing, a trephine biopsy was taken from the center of each graft and a dental implant was placed. Two subjects were withdrawn from the study and were considered treatment failures. One of them moved to another state and the second exhibited delayed healing that required debridement of the grafting material from the socket. Results After 6 months follow-up, there was a mean reduction of ridge width of 1.667 mm and mean reduction of ridge height of 0.483 mm after graft healing and integration. Over a 24-month follow-up, mean new bone fill was 40.25% and implant osseointegration was 100%. Conclusion Ceramic matrix in a putty-like collagen carrier maintained ridge dimensions and, despite ongoing bone turnover, produced adequate mineralized tissue that enabled implant placement at 6 months.
Light Induced Properties and Thermal Fixing in Photorefractive Lead Barium Niobate Crystals

Lead barium niobate (Pb1-xBaxNb2O6, PBN1-x) is a very promising photorefractive material for applications such as holographic data storage. We investigate the light induced absorption, photorefractive properties, such as the sensitivity, diffraction efficiency, and gain, and thermal fixing properties in Ce doped tetragonal PBN50, and compare with the properties of an undoped PBN sample. Non-single photon behavior was observed only in Ce doped sample, but not in the undoped sample. Thermal fixing was achieved in both undoped and Ce doped samples at temperatures above 70oC. The room temperature life times after thermal fixing were estimated to be 30 hours and 20 days for undoped and Ce doped samples, respectively.
Revenue-Maximizing Auctions

Lectures 2-4 focused on the design of mechanisms that maximize, exactly or approximately, the social welfare of the outcome. Revenue is generated in such mechanisms only as a side effect, a necessary evil to incentivize agents to report truthfully their private information. This lecture studies mechanisms that are designed to raise as much revenue as possible, and characterizes the expected revenue-maximizing mechanism with respect to a prior distribution over agents’ valuations. Section 5.1 explains why reasoning about revenue maximization is harder than welfare maximization, and introduces Bayesian envi-ronments. Section 5.2 is the heart of this lecture, and it characterizes expected revenue-maximizing mechanisms as “virtual welfare maxi-mizers.” Section 5.3 describes how this theory was used to boost sponsored search revenue at Yahoo. Section 5.4 proves a technical lemma needed for the characterization in Section 5.2. The Challenge of Revenue Maximization Spoiled by Social Welfare Maximization There are several reasons to begin the study of mechanism design with the objective of maximizing social welfare. The first reason is that this objective is relevant to many real-world scenarios. For instance, in government auctions (e.g., to sell wireless spectrum; see Lecture 8), the primary objective is welfare maximization. Revenue is also a consideration in such auctions, but it is usually not the first-order objective. Also, in competitive markets, a rule of thumb is that a seller should focus on welfare maximization, since otherwise a competitor will (thereby stealing their customers). The second reason to start with social welfare maximization is pedagogical: social welfare is special. In every single-parameter environment, there is a DSIC mechanism that, for every profile of private valuations, assuming truthful bids, computes the welfare-maximizing outcome (cf., Exercise 4.1). Such a mechanism optimizes the social welfare as effectively as if all of the private information was known in advance—the DSIC constraint is satisfied for free. This amazingly strong performance guarantee, called an “ex post” guarantee, cannot generally be achieved for other objective functions.
Zinc Accumulation by Hepatocytes Isolated from Male Rats of Different Zinc Nutritional Status

Some characteristics of Zn uptake and effects of various multivalent cations, metabolic inhibitors, hormones, and sulfhydryl-blocking agents on Zn accumulation by rat hepatocytes in monolayer culturel or in suspensions2 have been reported. Hepatocytes used in these studies were isolated from rats fed Zn-adequate (ZA) diets. The study reported here was conducted to evaluate the effect of rat Zn status on Zn uptake by isolated hepatocytes.
What Christians Can Learn from Shamanic Pneumatology

This chapter attempts to find out what Christians can learn from shamanic pneumatology. Taking seriously the biblical injunction that the Holy Spirit blows wherever the Spirit wills, the chapter investigates a shamanic pneumatology in view of discerning correlations with the Christian faith. On the basis of firsthand research among the Karen tribal communities of Northern Thailand, the author posits that the people’s spirituality is one of sacred sustainability. This is premised upon the sustaining presence of the Spirit’s manifestation throughout the whole of creation, including their ancestors and nature, and creation’s participation in the power of Ruach Elohim. This leads to an appreciation that panentheism is the flip side of Theo-en-passim.
Adaptation of Autumn-Sown Faba Bean Germplasm to Southeastern Washington

Information regarding the suitability of autumn-sown faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in southeastern Washington is lacking. Therefore, a variety trial testing the effects of two sowing dates was conducted for two seasons (2011–2012 and 2012–2013) at three locations: Central Ferry Research Farm (CF), Pomeroy, WA; Spillman Agronomy Farm (SF), Pullman, WA; Whitlow Farm (WF), Pullman, WA, with 20 northern European breeding lines, or cultivars, and U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Plant Germplasm System (USDA-ARS NPGS) sourced germplasm accessions with predetermined winter-hardiness. Winter-hardiness and yield varied depending on location, timing of sowing, and genotype effects. Survival was greatest at CF where the extreme low air temperature was –6°C, yet multiple entries tolerated an extreme low of –14°C in Pullman. In both years, the second sowing at the CF location improved survival, whereas the first sowing was only beneficial at the Pullman locations when seedlings were established before the first hard frost. Providing a longer establishment and cold acclimation period was expected to optimize hardiness and yield potential. However, achieving two to three nodes before the first hard frost was difficult at dryland managed SF and WF locations where soil moisture was limiting. Across entries and site-years, the mean survival was 65% with a yield of 2800 kg ha–¹. To realize the potential of autumn-sown faba bean in southeastern Washington, genotypes with earlier maturity than the northern European materials tested herein will be needed.
The commercialization of genome-editing technologies

AbstractThe emergence of new gene-editing technologies is profoundly transforming human therapeutics, agriculture, and industrial biotechnology. Advances in clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) have created a fertile environment for mass-scale manufacturing of cost-effective products ranging from basic research to translational medicine. In our analyses, we evaluated the patent landscape of gene-editing technologies and found that in comparison to earlier gene-editing techniques, CRISPR has gained significant traction and this has established dominance. Although most of the gene-editing technologies originated from the industry, CRISPR has been pioneered by academic research institutions. The spinout of CRISPR biotechnology companies from academic institutions demonstrates a shift in entrepreneurship strategies that were previously led by the industry. These academic institutions, and their subsequent companies, are competing to generate comprehensive intellectual property po...
Using hybrid simulation modeling to assess the dynamics of compassion fatigue in veterinarian general practitioners

Veterinarians have experienced disturbing trends related to workplace-induced stress. This is partly attributed to high levels of compassion fatigue, the emotional strain of unalleviated stress from interactions with those suffering from traumatic events. This paper presents a three-stage hybrid model designed to study the dynamics of compassion fatigue in veterinarians. A discrete event simulation that represents the work environment is used to generate client and patient attributes, and the veterinarian's utilization throughout the day. These values become inputs to a system dynamics model that simulates the veterinarian's interpretation of the work environment to produce quantifiable emotional responses in terms of eight emotions. The emotional responses are mapped to the Professional Quality of Life Scale, which enables the calculation of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress measures. A pilot study using the hybrid model was conducted to assess the viability of the proposed approach, which yielded statistically significant results.