cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Prospective Study of Hooking Up Among College Students

Hook ups are casual sexual encounters (ranging from kissing to intercourse) between two people with no clear mutual expectation of further interactions or a committed relationship. This study utilized a short-term prospective design to examine predictors of hooking up in a sample of young adults (N = 394). Hooking up over the past year, positive reactions to prior hook ups, alcohol use, and loneliness were associated with hooking up over a 4-month period. Alcohol use was a stronger predictor for women than men. Thoughtfulness about relationship transitions and religiosity were significant predictors of hooking up in univariate analyses, but were not significant in multivariate analyses. Young adults who reported more depressive symptoms and feelings of loneliness at Time 1 and subsequently engaged in penetrative hook ups reported fewer depressive symptoms and lower feelings of loneliness at Time 2 as compared to young adults who did not hook up. However, young adults who reported fewer depressive symptoms and were less lonely at Time 1 and engaged in penetrative hook ups over the 4 month period reported more depressive symptoms and greater feelings of loneliness at Time 2 as compared to young adults who did not hook up. Implications for relationship education programs are offered.
Is low therapist empathy toxic

One of the largest determinants of client outcomes is the counselor who provides treatment. Therapists often vary widely in effectiveness, even when delivering standardized manual-guided treatment. In particular, the therapeutic skill of accurate empathy originally described by Carl Rogers has been found to account for a meaningful proportion of variance in therapeutic alliance and in addiction treatment outcomes. High-empathy counselors appear to have higher success rates regardless of theoretical orientation. Low-empathy and confrontational counseling, in contrast, has been associated with higher drop-out and relapse rates, weaker therapeutic alliance, and less client change. The authors propose emphasis on empathic listening skills as an evidence-based practice in the hiring and training of counselors to improve outcomes and prevent harm in addiction treatment.
Colonization of space: destiny or folly?

The US National Commission on Space has grandiose plans for the colonization of the Solar System. Has the view that unmanned missions may bring much greater benefit to mankind been passed over?
Effects of diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease on the progression from asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction to symptomatic heart failure: a retrospective analysis from the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) Prevention trial.

Abstract Background Emerging data suggest that diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for the progression of established heart failure only in those patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Whether diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for the progression from asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction to symptomatic heart failure in patients with left ventricular dysfunction of an ischemic cause is not known. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 2821 patients with asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction from the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) Prevention trial. We used adjusted survival analysis to examine the effects of ischemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus on 3 prespecified study end points: (1) development of heart failure (HF) symptoms, (2) HF hospitalization, and (3) death or development of symptoms. Results There is a statistically significant interaction between the cause of left ventricular systolic dysfunction and diabetes mellitus on the risk of development of heart failure symptoms ( P = .020). Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and diabetes had an increased risk of progression to symptomatic heart failure (HR = 1.56, P P P Conclusions Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for the progression from asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction to symptomatic heart failure, but this risk appears to be confined to those patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.
T cell receptor gene trans-rearrangements: chimeric gamma-delta genes in normal lymphoid tissues

Joining of V-, D-, and J-region gene segments during DNA rearrangements within all antigen receptor genes involves recognition of the same highly conserved heptamernonamer sequences flanking each segment. In order to investigate the possibility that recognition of these conserved sequences may sometimes permit intergenic joining of segments among different antigen receptor genes, DNA of normal human lymphoid tissues was examined by polymerase chain reaction amplification for the presence of chimeric gamma-delta T cell receptor gene rearrangements. These studies detected V gamma-(D delta)-J delta and V delta-(D delta)-J gamma rearrangements in thymus, peripheral blood, and tonsil. Analysis of thymus RNA indicated that many of these rearrangements are expressed as V gamma-(D delta)-J delta-C delta and V delta-(D delta)-J gamma-C gamma transcripts. Most transcripts (19 of 20 complementary DNA clones studied) are appropriately spliced and show correct open translational reading frames across the V-(D)-J junctions. Thus, chimeric antigen receptor genes are generated in a subset of normal lymphoid cells, probably as a result of chromosomal translocations, and such genes may possibly contribute to increased diversity within the antigen receptor repertoire.
Estimation of the cirrus cloud scattering phase function from satellite observations

Abstract Optical and microphysical properties for optically thin ice clouds are retrieved from one year of collocated Aqua/MODIS and CALIPSO/CALIOP measurements in 2008. The values of optical thickness τ and effective particle size Deff are inferred from MODIS measurements at three infrared (IR) bands located at 8.5, 11, and 12 µm in conjunction with collocated CALIOP cloud boundary altitudes and the MERRA atmospheric profile datasets. The τ values inferred from MODIS IR window measurements are insensitive to the pre-assumed particle and habit distributions. Based on near-IR measurements at 1.38 μm and the IR-based τ, a new method is developed to infer the scattering phase functions over both ocean and land. A comparison between theoretically calculated phase functions and the retrieved counterparts demonstrates that roughened solid columns provide the best match for cirrus clouds over ocean, whereas droxtals may exist in optically thin cirrus clouds. The best-fitted phase functions are generated using appropriate habit mixtures to match the inferred phase functions. The phase function resulting from a mixture of 55% severely roughened solid columns, 35% severely roughened droxtals, and 10% smooth aggregates almost perfectly matches the mean phase function value retrieved over ocean. The asymmetry factor based on the oceanic best-fitted phase functions is 0.778 at a wavelength of 0.65 μm. However, it is difficult to find an appropriate habit recipe to fit the inferred phase function over land. This may be caused by the relatively large uncertainties associated with τ retrievals over land. The retrieval of Deff shows that optically thin cirrus clouds consist of smaller ice particles in comparison with optically thicker ice clouds. The mean Deff values of optically thin ice clouds over land and ocean are 41 μm and 48 μm, respectively.
Observation of E–V energy transfer from O2 (a1Δg) to HF

Abstract Infrared emission from HF(ν = 1) and HF(ν = 2) is observed when HF is added to a discharged mixture of oxygen and helium. Evidence is given that the vibrational modes of HF are excited by E–V energy transfer from O 2 (a 1 Δg).
The linkage between predictive dimensions and candidate issue positions in American presidential campaigns: An examination of group differences

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the empirical utility of a new theoretical model of elections developed by Enelow and Hinich (1982, 1984a, 1984b) and Hinich and Pollard (1981). At the heart of this model is the assumption that candidate positions on campaign issues can be reduced to a set of positions on a smaller set of predictive dimensions. Factor analysis can be used to test the empirical adequacy of this assumption. Further, factor scores can be used as estimates of each voter's linear translation coefficients, measuring the linkage between candidate positions on the underlying dimensions of the campaign and candidate positions on real campaign issues. To obtain estimates of these translation coefficients, we factor analyze six candidate variables, using voter perceptions of each candidate's issue positions in the 1980 Pre-Election NES Survey. We then assign scores to each voter-issue pair on each of two underlying factors and examine group differences in these scores. We find systematic differences in mean factor scores among racial, ideological, partisan, educational, and income groups. These differences are consistent with the results obtained from a direct examination of perceived issue differences between Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan.
Graft copolymerization of collagen with N, N, N′, N′‐tetra (2‐hydroxypropyl) ethylene diamine methacrylate by use of potassium persulfate as an initiator

Graft copolymerization of collagen with N,N,N′,N′-tetra (2-hydroxypropyl) ethylene diamine methacrylate (THPEDM) was carried out in an aqueous medium using potassium persulfate as the radical initiator. Collagen-g-poly(THPEDM) was characterized by the percent yield and the copper chloride test. The percentage of grafting was determined as functions of concentration of monomer, concentration initiator, reaction time, and temperature.
Experiential ethics education: one successful model of ethics education for undergraduate nursing students in the United States

Lachman, Grace and Gaylord have argued that for bioethics education for undergraduate nursing students, a preferred combination of instruction involves a clinically-based nurse with ethics training and a philosophically-based ethicist with clinical training. At the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, undergraduate nursing ethics instruction takes this form. The course director is a philosopher with extensive clinical experience in ethics. The course utilises four distinct forms of nursing clinical inputs to educate undergraduate nursing students using a unique combination of didactic and experiential learning exercises to simulate real ethics cases. This paper describes how the course was developed and refined over the past several years and suggests several ideas for improvements in nursing ethics education at an undergraduate level.
The Amenity and Disamenity Impacts of Agriculture: Estimates from a Hedonic Pricing Model

The positive and negative externalities from farmland are increasingly a focus of public policy discussion about agriculture and land use. A GIS-based hedonic pricing model shows that agricultural open space increases nearby residential property values, but larger-scale animal operations and mushroom production have negative impacts. Animal production facilities with as few as 200 animal equivalent units reduce nearby property values, but larger facilities do not necessarily generate larger impacts. Because they tend to occur together, the negative impacts of animal agriculture and the positive impacts of open space must be simultaneously modeled to avoid omitted variable bias.
Six Principles of Language Development: Implications for Second Language Learners

The number of children growing up in dual language environments is increasing in the United States. Despite the apparent benefits of speaking two languages, children learning English as a second language (ESL) often face struggles, as they may experience poverty and impoverished language input at home. Early exposure to a rich language environment is crucial for ESL children's academic success. This article explores how six evidenced-based principles of language learning can be used to provide support for ESL children.
Lower-Extremity Arterial Bypass Graft Interventions

Considering the increasing incidences of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), the need for vascular intervention will expand and the number of repeat interventions will grow. As endovascular techniques and tools advance, this less-invasive approach will continue to be increasingly used to repair bypass grafts. The average cost for a lower-extremity (LE) bypass is $19,331 ± $5,300. The average cost for elective treatment of a duplex-identified stenosis is $13,003 ± $5,935 for surgical graft revision and $3,623 ± $445 for endovascular repair. After graft thrombosis, the salvage cost is $18,519 ± $8,267 with thrombectomy and $22,532 ± $4,750 with endovascular thrombolysis. The most expensive is major amputation which costs $36,273 ± $9,336.
Reduction of friction in fluid transport: experimental investigation

La reduccion de friccion o de arrastre (DR) mediante el uso de soluciones polimericas o surfactantes es sin duda alguna la tecnica de reduccion de friccion para flujos turbulentos en tuberias mas efectiva (es posible obtener reducciones de hasta un factor de 8 en los coeficientes de friccion en segmentos de tuberias rectas). Desde el punto de vista fundamental, el estudio del fenomeno de DR ofrece la oportunidad de comprender mejor flujos turbulentos; desde el punto de vista practico, la DR puede ser usada con propositos de ahorro en potencia de bombeo. La implementacion comercial de estos aditivos se ha llevado a cabo con exito en el transporte de petroleo, y la investigacion necesaria para la implementacion de estas soluciones en muchas otras aplicaciones sigue en proceso, p.ej., en sistemas centrales de calefaccion y aire acondicionado, sistemas hidronicos en edificios, desagues, irrigacion, procesos industriales, etc. Nuestros esfuerzos se han enfocado en dos areas principales: (A) investigacion experimental sobre la transferencia de momentum y calor para soluciones reductoras de friccion, y (B) la implementacion de estas soluciones en sistemas hidronicos de enfriamiento en edificios con el proposito de ahorrar energia. Este documento pretende dar una nocion general de la investigacion experimental que llevamos a cabo en nuestro laboratorio de dinamica de fluidos no-Newtonianos, reologia, y transferencia de calor en la UCSB.
Testing the Action-Based Model of Cognitive Dissonance: The Effect of Action Orientation on Postdecisional Attitudes

Two experiments were designed to test the prediction, derived from the action-based model of cognitive dissonance, that facilitation of an action-oriented mindset would increase cognitive discrepancy reduction. In Experiment 1, following an easy or difficult decision, a manipulated action-oriented mindset (thinking about implementing the decision) caused persons who made a difficult decision to change their evaluations of the decision alternatives in favor of the decision (spreading of alternatives) more than other participants. Experiment 2 conceptually replicated the effects of Experiment 1, even when an action orientation was induced by having persons write about implementing a different decision. Discussion focuses on the implications of these findings.
Componentization of HTML-based online help

This paper examines the case for componentization of HTML-based help webs. Instead of providing a single, monolithic help web for a complex software product, content providers can provide online help that is divided (or componentized) along the same functional lines as the software itself. Traditionally, online help has been chunked according to task orientation, and a component-centered approach appears to challenge task orientation. In the proposed approach, componentization is achieved without sacrificing a task-orientation; they complement one another. Componentization of online help makes the help system more usable for users, and makes the task of integrating help content more flexible for help content providers — all without sacrificing the user's task perspective.
Test words of a free product of two finite cyclic groups

We characterize the test words of ℤm * ℤn. They are those elements not contained in a proper retract.
Inflammatory Cytokines and Cell Death in BEAS-2B Lung Cells Treated with Soil Dust, Lipopolysaccharide, and Surface-Modified Particles

Cultured human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were treated in vitro with PM(2.5)-enriched particles of soil-derived mineral dust from nine sites in the western United States. The particle samples simulate windblown dust and vehicle-generated emissions from unpaved roads. Five of the sites yielded relatively benign dust. Particles from three sites caused IL-6 release when cells were treated for 24 h at doses from 20 to 80 microg/cm(2), and particles from one site were highly cytotoxic. The particle components or characteristics that caused the IL-6 release were stable at temperatures below 150 degrees C, but were inactivated by treatment at 300-550 degrees C. The active factors were also associated predominantly with the insoluble fraction, and were partially attenuated by leaching with aqueous and organic solvents. The IL-6 release caused by the particles was much greater than the cytokine response to either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or to surrogate particles of titanium dioxide mixed with LPS, suggesting that endotoxin was not a major factor in the inflammatory response. The release of IL-8 in response to particle treatment was qualitatively similar to the IL-6 response, but release of TNF-alpha was not detected at the 24-h time point. The combined results support the hypothesis that some ambient dusts from geological sources can cause cell death and cytokine release in a lung cell line that is widely used as an in vitro model to study mechanisms of environmental respiratory injury.
Remote sensing of ice sheets for underrepresented and handicapped middle school students

The NSF Science and Technology Center for the Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) combines the expertise of researchers from 6 universities, several industries, and federal laboratories to study and conduct research to achieve a better understanding of the mass balance of the polar ice sheets. CReSIS is the only NSF Science and Technology Center dedicated to developing techniques and technologies for determining the contribution of ice sheets to sea level rise. CReSIS is led by the University of Kansas with Elizabeth City State University,University of Pennsylvania,The Byrd Polar Center at Ohio State University,Haskell Indian Nation and The University of Maine as partners. In addition to its strong research and science mission,CReSIS education and outreach efforts are designed to impact the entire educational pipeline. The purpose of the CReSIS Education Program is to prepare future generations of scientists and engineers who are capable of assuming responsibility for our future work. These future leaders in polar science and engineering should more closely mirror the diversity in our world. Because our primary goal is to train our own replacements, our first priority is the graduate students who are most likely to begin supporting CReSIS' work in the nearterm. As a logical extension of that notion, our secondary focus is on generating a diverse pool of talented undergraduates to begin filling graduate student roles in Centeractivities. Thirdly, we must continue to provide opportunity, motivation, and focused supplemental content for K-12 students in order to create larger pools of STEM-capable and interested students at the college level. CReSIS engages directly with students in the classroom or through informal educational opportunities, letting them see firsthand what our researchers do and participate in project- based investigations and authentic research. (CReSIS, 2006) This paper details the CReSIS middle school outreach strategy, the program organization, logistics, participant descriptions and outcomes.
Understanding Java stack inspection

Current implementations of Java make security decisions by searching the runtime call stack. These systems have attractive security properties, but they have been criticized as being dependent on specific artifacts of the Java implementation. The paper models the stack inspection algorithm in terms of a well understood logic for access control and demonstrates how stack inspection is a useful tool for expressing and managing complex trust relationships. We show that an access control decision based on stack inspection corresponds to the construction of a proof in the logic, and we present an efficient decision procedure for generating these proofs. By examining the decision procedure, we demonstrate that many statements in the logic are equivalent and can thus be expressed in a simpler form. We show that there are a finite number of such statements, allowing us to represent the security state of the system as a pushdown automaton. We also show that this automaton may be embedded in Java by rewriting all Java classes to pass an additional argument when a procedure is invoked. We call this security passing style and describe its benefits over previous stack inspection systems. Finally, we show how the logic allows us to describe a straightforward design for extending stack inspection across remote procedure calls.
Projecting full build-out environmental impacts and roll-out strategies associated with viable hydrogen fueling infrastructure strategies

A transition from gasoline internal combustion engine vehicles to hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) is likely to emerge as a major component of the strategy to meet future greenhouse gas reduction, air quality, fuel independence, and energy security goals. Advanced infrastructure planning can minimize the cost of hydrogen infrastructure while assuring that energy and environment benefits are achieved. This study presents a comprehensive advanced planning methodology for the deployment of hydrogen infrastructure, and applies the methodology to delineate fully built-out infrastructure strategies, assess the associated energy and environment impacts, facilitate the identification of an optimal infrastructure roll-out strategy, and identify the potential for renewable hydrogen feedstocks. The South Coast Air Basin of California, targeted by automobile manufacturers for the first regional commercial deployment of FCEVs, is the focus for the study. The following insights result from the application of the methodology: � Compared to current gasoline stations, only 11%e14% of the number of hydrogen fueling stations can provide comparable accessibility to drivers in a targeted region. � To meet reasonable capacity demand for hydrogen fueling, approximately 30% the number of hydrogen stations are required compared to current gasoline stations. � Replacing gasoline vehicles with hydrogen FCEVs has the potential to (1) reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by more than 80%, reduce energy requirements by 42%, and virtually eliminate petroleum consumption from the passenger vehicle sector, and (2) significantly reduce urban concentrations of ozone and PM2.5. � Existing sources of biomethane in the California South Coast Air Basin can provide up to 30% of the hydrogen fueling demand for a fully built-out hydrogen FCEV scenario.
Preallocation of Total Float in the Application of a Critical Path Method Based Construction Contract

Under current scheduling practices, total float time is considered “free” and does not belong exclusively to any specific party in the construction process; rather, it belongs to the project and can be used by both owners and contractors to mitigate the potentially negative impact of delays. Utilization of float is, hence, on a “first-come, first-served” basis. Within this usage protocol and guided by the Common Law’s Proximate Cause principle, the party that encounters critical delays in the later stages of a project is more likely to be held responsible for delays to the overall project completion time. Given these practices, float ownership and its utilization has continued to become a major source of disputes when project delays occur. The objective of this paper is to introduce the concept of float preallocation and management for critical path method based construction schedules. The principles for preallocating and managing “total float” include recommending contract clauses to direct its use and t...
Combining school and family interventions for the prevention and early intervention of disruptive behavior problems in children: A public health perspective

The prevention or reduction of early aggressive and disruptive behavior has important educational and mental health implications. Disruptive behavior problems contribute to loss of instruction time in the classroom, frustration for children and families, and considerable societal burden associated with antisocial acts, including delinquency and harm to others, making them a significant public health burden. Research indicates that both school and family factors contribute to behavior problems in children. Based on this knowledge, we describe the integration of two evidence-based interventions, Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS; intervention targeting the school environment) and The Family Check-Up (FCU; intervention targeting the family context). Both interventions use a three-tier public health approach to providing supports to children. This article proposes combining PBIS with the FCU in an effort to improve and alter existing service delivery systems to prevent behavior problems in young children across both the school and family contexts. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gender Power The Influence of Blues Queens, 1921 to 1929

Structural changes in the United States during the 1920s enabled African American females to attain an historically prominent position as classic blues singers. Historical analysis of record availa...
Phylogenetic identification of Pneumocystis murina sp. nov., a new species in laboratory mice

Pneumocystis is a fungal genus that contains multiple species. One member of the genus that has not been formally analysed for its phylogenetic relationships and possible species status is the Pneumocystis found in laboratory mice, Pneumocystis murina sp. nov. (type strain ATCC PRA-111(T)=CBS 114898(T)), formerly known as Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. muris. To advance research in this area, approximately 3000 bp of additional DNA sequence were obtained from the locus encoding rRNAs. This sequence and others were used to determine genetic distances between P. murina and other members of the genus. These distances indicated that P. murina DNA is most similar to that of the species of Pneumocystis found in laboratory rats. Nevertheless, P. murina is at least as diverged from these other Pneumocystis species as species in other fungal genera are from each other. The 18S rRNA gene sequence divergence exhibited by P. murina could not be ascribed to accelerated evolution of this gene as similar levels of divergence were observed at seven other loci. When five genes were used to construct phylogenetic trees for five Pneumocystis taxa, including P. murina, all the trees had the same topology, indicating that genes do not flow among these taxa. The gene trees were all strongly supported by statistical tests. When sequences from the rRNA-encoding locus were used to estimate the time of divergence of P. murina, the results indicated that P. murina is as old as the mouse. Taken together, these data support previous recognition of multiple species in the genus and indicate that P. murina is a phylogenetic species as well.
Take a Breath, Break The Silence: The Effects of Yogic Breathing and Testimony About Battering on Feelings of Self-Efficacy in Battered Women

Abuse in an intimate relationship is a common and devastating problem worldwide. This study explores the effects of testifying about one’s abuse and learning Yogic breathing (prânâyâma) techniques on self-efficacy. Forty women, self-identified as abused within the last two years by an intimate partner, were randomly assigned to either tell the story of their abuse (testimony), participate in Yogic breathing exercises, participate in a combined testimony/Yogic breathing condition, or participate as waiting controls. Analyses showed that the combination of testimony and Yogic breathing was associated with the greatest improvement in self-efficacy scores. Implications of these findings for interventions and therapy for abused women are discussed.
Abnormal combustion in a methanol fueled engine

Abnormal combustion in methanol fueled engines was investigated using a combination of ion gap detection and pressure versus crankangle measurements. The ability to differentiate between cool flames and surface ignition is shown. It is shown that cool flames do exist in methanol fueled engines
Overview of chemokines.

It has been very difficult for investigators involved in studies of the chemotactic factors to agree on terminology; hence the plethora of strange names for these cytokines. It was therefore especially gratifying that this intensely involved and partisan group of researchers could meet and after heated discussion reach an almost unanimous agreement to endorse the chemokine α and β nomenclature for the subfamilies of chemoattractant cytokines whose genes are located on human chromosome 4q and 17q regions respectively.
Fine-needle aspiration of the liver. A comparison of smear and rinse preparations in the detection of cancer.

Fifty-nine successive cases of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of the liver were reviewed to determine the efficacy of various rinse and smear preparations in rendering a diagnosis of cancer. Preparations included Papanicolaou- and Diff-Quik®-stained smears, Millipore® filters, cytocentrifugation, and cell blocks. Of 33 of 59 cases diagnostic for cancer, 90% were positive on rinse, 78% on smear, and 69.6% on both rinse and smear. Seven cases (21.2%) were diagnostic on rinse preparation only and would otherwise have been interpreted as equivocal. Papanicolaou smears and cell block rinses were most valuable to evaluate malignancy in the liver, using the FNA technic. The authors believe rinse preparations justify their cost for assessment of cancer and are essential to establish the diagnosis in a significant number of cases.
Pitfalls of paleobathymetric interpretations based on trace fossil assemblages

Trace fossils have been used widely as indicators of original water depth in paleoenvironmental studies, but most paleobathymetric interpretations in ichnology have been based on only a small number of standard ichnofacies. In addition to bathymetry, it is important to recognize that salinity, oxygen concentration, and substrate character also play a major role in controlling the distribution of trace fossils. Several pitfalls of paleobathymetric interpretation based on trace fossils can lead to erroneous paleoenvironmental reconstructions. The most common of these pitfalls, of which historical geologists should be wary, include the following: 1) occurrence of a particular ichnogenus does not necessarily indicate the presence of the ichnofacies of the same name, and a standard ichnofacies may be identified without the presence of the namesake trace fossil; 2) environmental shifts of certain trace fossils have occurred through time, so the paleoenvironmental significance of a particular ichnotaxon may have changed during its histoty; 3) the nine standard ichnofacies that have enjoyed wide use by ichnologists have broad environmental significance that may include, but certainly extends beyond, bathymetry; 4) not all environmental situations are represented in the nine standard ichnofacies, so many trace fossil associations in the real world cannot be easily fit into those categories.
Patient Registries in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: the Role of Survival Equations and Risk Calculators

Over the last 30 years, numerous patient registries in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have been conducted primarily in the United States and Western Europe. The registries provide extensive information about this rare and deadly disease. In addition, survival estimates and risk factors associated with mortality have been spotlighted. Several predictive equations have been generated from these large registries, such as the National Institutes of Health, French National, Pulmonary Hypertension Connection, and REVEAL. These equations have been designed to forecast survival of PAH cohorts and have been useful tools in clinical research. Adding to this experience, the REVEAL survival equation and risk calculator have been shown to reliably predict short-term survival of individual PAH patients. But, several factors, including regional differences in PAH sub-populations, access to care and a rapidly evolving therapeutic approach, limit the usefulness of these predictive equations in routine clinical practice.
Precancerous Lesions of Endometrial Serous Carcinomas

The following section reviews the current state of knowledge on precancerous lesions of endometrial serous carcinoma and details all clinicopathologic aspects of the spectrum of putative precancerous and precursor lesions for serous carcinoma that has been proffered during the last quarter century.
Why factor XI deficiency is a clinical concern

Introduction: Inherited fXI deficiency has been an enigma since its discovery in 1953. The variable and relatively mild symptoms in patients with even the most severe form of the disorder seem out ...
3-D printing of multifunctional carbon nanotube yarn reinforced components

Abstract Continuous carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn filaments can be employed as an inherently multifunctional feedstock for additive manufacturing (AM). With this material, it becomes possible to use a single material to impart multiple functionalities in components and take advantage of the tailorability offered by fused filament fabrication (FFF) over conventional fabrication techniques. Some of the challenges associated with coupling this emerging material with advanced processing are addressed here through the fabrication and characterization of additively manufactured functional objects. Continuous CNT yarn reinforced Ultem® specimens are characterized to determine their mechanical and electrical properties. The potential to produce net shape fabricated multifunctional components is demonstrated by additively manufacturing a quadcopter frame using Ultem® and continuous CNT yarn reinforced Ultem®, where the CNT yarn reinforcement was designed to also act as the electrical conductors carrying current to the motors.
Abstract LB-268: Androgen signaling in cancer-associated fibroblasts contributes to progression of prostate cancer

Interactions between epithelial and stromal cells are important in the development of prostate cancer (PCa). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been to support tumor progression, metastasis, and differentiation. Androgen receptor (AR) and related pathways are known to support the growth and survival of prostate epithelial cancer cells, the roles of AR-dependent processes in cancerous stroma are less clear. We sought to investigate if AR-dependent pathways present in CAF cells influence the growth and tumorogencity of epithelial cancer cells in relation to androgen-deprivation therapy in prostate cancer. Murine CAFs were isolated from a well-described PTEN-dependent cancer mouse model. A co-culture system was developed based on multiple lines of murine CAFs grown along with human prostate cancer epithelial cells, and a murine-specific anti-sense oligonucleotide (ASO) against murine AR was used to specifically suppress AR expression in murine CAFs in this system. Using this co-culture system, we found that murine CAFs promoted cell proliferation and colony formation in several human prostate cancer cell lines. Further, these processes were decreased by suppression of AR-expression in CAFs. Expression of genes related to tumorogenicity in epithelial cells were investigated by real-time quantitative PCR. Markers associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness were increased in human prostate cancer cells grown with low-AR CAFs. Our data indicates that suppression of AR in CAFs results in down-regulation in the growth and tumorogenecity of prostate cancer cells through pathways related to EMT and “cell reprograming”. As such, development of therapies which inhibit the tumor-promoting pathways present in stromal cells may be one approach to improve the treatment of prostate cancer. Citation Format: Chun-Peng Liao, Leng-Ying Chen, Andrea Luethy, Youngsoo Kim, Robert MacLeod, Mitchell Gross. Androgen signaling in cancer-associated fibroblasts contributes to progression of prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-268.
Broadening participation in visualization

The REU Site: Research Experience for Undergraduates in Collaborative Data Visualization Applications (VisREU) is a multi-year, interdisciplinary program that provides research experiences for undergraduates with an interest in visualization. The unique feature of the VisREU site is the paring of undergraduate students with research teams which consist of a research faculty member, graduate students (where applicable) and a visualization mentor. Research faculty provide research projects with a visualization component that allow undergraduate students an opportunity to understand the visualization process while doing quality research. Visualization mentors work with student/research mentor teams to create visualizations of research data. In 2015 the program saw an increase in the level of engagement from student participants and research mentors. For two consecutive years (2014/2015) one student from each cohort was selected to present their research results at the annual National Science Foundation (NSF) REU Symposium in Arlington, VA. This talk presents a high-level overview of highlights from the program.
Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation: Acellular Dermal Matrix (Alloderm®) Used in Breast Reconstructive Surgery.

Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) such as Alloderm ® is sometimes used in tissue reconstruction in primary and reconstructive breast surgeries. As ADM is incorporated into the native tissues, the evolving imaging findings that would correlate with varying degrees of host migration and neoangiogenesis into the matrix can be challenging to recognize. In the setting of a palpable or clinical area of concern after breast reconstructive surgery following breast cancer, confident diagnosis of a mass representing ADM rather than recurring or developing disease can be challenging. Such diagnostic imaging uncertainties generally result in short-term imaging and clinical follow-up, but occasionally, biopsy is performed for histopathological confirmation of benignity. A case of biopsy-proven Alloderm ® is described. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first radiologic-pathologic correlation of ADM in the literature.
MARKOV PROCESS MODELS: A GENERAL FRAMEWORK FOR ESTIMATION AND INFERENCE IN THE ABSENCE OF STATE TRANSITION DATA

Abstract We review estimation and hypothesis testing procedures for a Markov chain estimated from aggregate frequency data, as opposed to interstate transition data. The validity (Type I error probability) is reported for five specific tests. The power of these tests against various alternatives is investigated in factorially designed Monte Carlo experiments, and power curves are developed for two of the tests. In general, the tests appear to be quite powerful, and react in anticipated ways to the degree of departure from the null hypotheses and to key process parameters.
Repigmentation of Human Vitiligo Skin by NBUVB Is Controlled by Transcription of GLI1 and Activation of the β-Catenin Pathway in the Hair Follicle Bulge Stem Cells.

Vitiligo repigmentation is a complex process in which the melanocyte-depleted interfollicular epidermis is repopulated by melanocyte precursors from hair follicle bulge that proliferate, migrate, and differentiate into mature melanocytes on their way to the epidermis. The strongest stimulus for vitiligo repigmentation is narrow-band UVB (NBUVB), but how the hair follicle melanocyte precursors are activated by UV light has not been extensively studied. To better understand this process, we developed an application that combined laser capture microdissection and subsequent whole transcriptome RNA sequencing of hair follicle bulge melanocyte precursors and compared their gene signatures to that of regenerated mature epidermal melanocytes from NBUVB-treated vitiligo skin. Using this strategy, we found up-regulation of TNC , GJB6 , and THBS1 in the hair follicle bulge melanocytes and of TYR in the epidermal melanocytes of the NBUVB-treated vitiligo skin. We validated these results by quantitative real-time–PCR using NBUVB-treated vitiligo skin and untreated normal skin. We also identified that GLI1 , a candidate stem cell-associated gene, is significantly up-regulated in the melanocytes captured from NBUVB-treated vitiligo bulge compared with untreated vitiligo bulge. These signals are potential key players in the activation of bulge melanocyte precursors during vitiligo repigmentation.
Estimating the Mean of Exponential Distribution from Step-Stress Life Test Data

This paper considers the step-stress accelerated life tests (ALT) on an exponential population with mean θ. The MLEs of θ are studied for different data structures that include grouped data and censored data. Here, by grouped data we mean that instead of observing the exact failure times, only numbers of failures in some predetermined subintervals are available. Applying the tampered failure rate (TFR) model, we show the existence, uniqueness, strong consistency, and the asymptotic normality of the MLE of θ. An upper bound of the MLE of θ based on the grouped data is also derived.
Selective Internal Oxidation of the Noble Metal-Rich Intermetallic Compound, BaAg5

Although the internal oxidation of noble metal-base solid solutions (particularly Ag-base alloys) has been examined extensively, no detailed studies have been reported on the exclusive internal oxidation of noble metal-rich intermetallic compounds. In this paper, the internal oxidation of a silver-rich compound, BaAg5, has been examined at 400°C in pure O2. Under these conditions, the BaAg5 was converted into a mixture of submicron barium-oxide particles in a silver matrix. Image analysis of the oxide content, and chemical analysis with an electron microprobe, revealed the absence of preferential barium segregation to the oxidized zone. Silver nodules were detected on the specimen surface, which was consistent with outward silver migration to relieve the stress associated with internal-oxide formation. Although the oxidation zone thickened at a parabolic rate, the measured rate was higher than expected from the Wagner model. The internal oxidation of BaAg5 is demonstrated to be a relatively simple means of synthesizing an intimate mixture of BaO2 and Ag for potential use in gas-phase catalysis.
Augmentation of Vaginal Cuff Closure During Laparoscopic Hysterectomy Using Viable Cryopreserved Umbilical Tissue

Abstract Background: Hysterectomy is one of the most common female gynecologic surgeries. However, this surgery poses a risk for postoperative vaginal vault granulation, bleeding, infection, and de...
Sanctifying Rites in Milton's A Masque Presented at Ludlow Castle, 1634

This article seeks to challenge Stanley Fish’s picture of the heroine of Milton’s Comus as a complete and immaculate soul, and thus a static one with no need to grow. In conversation with Book II o...
A Review of Psychophysiological Measures to Assess Cognitive States in Real-World Driving

As driving functions become increasingly automated, motorists run the risk of becoming cognitively removed from the driving process. Psychophysiological measures may provide added value not captured through behavioral or self-report measures alone. This paper provides a selective review of the psychophysiological measures that can be utilized to assess cognitive states in real-world driving environments. First, the importance of psychophysiological measures within the context of traffic safety is discussed. Next, the most commonly used physiology-based indices of cognitive states are considered as potential candidates relevant for driving research. These include: electroencephalography and event-related potentials, optical imaging, heart rate and heart rate variability, blood pressure, skin conductance, electromyography, thermal imaging, and pupillometry. For each of these measures, an overview is provided, followed by a discussion of the methods for measuring it in a driving context. Drawing from recent empirical driving and psychophysiology research, the relative strengths and limitations of each measure are discussed to highlight each measures' unique value. Challenges and recommendations for valid and reliable quantification from lab to (less predictable) real-world driving settings are considered. Finally, we discuss measures that may be better candidates for a near real-time assessment of motorists' cognitive states that can be utilized in applied settings outside the lab. This review synthesizes the literature on in-vehicle psychophysiological measures to advance the development of effective human-machine driving interfaces and driver support systems.
Effects of Avocado Consumption on Abdominal Adiposity and Glucose Tolerance: Findings from the Persea Americana for Total Health (PATH) Randomized Controlled Trial (P21-005-19)

Objectives Over 35% of adults have elevated abdominal obesity. This is concerning because abdominal obesity increases risk for type 2 diabetes. Therefore, dietary interventions with the potential to prevent abdominal obesity and its metabolic consequences have gained increasing importance. Habitual intake of the Hass avocado (Persea Americana) has been cross-sectionally linked to lower abdominal obesity; however, the effects of regular avocado consumption for abdominal adiposity and glycemic measures are unknown. Accordingly, we conducted a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial examining the effects of daily avocado consumption on abdominal adiposity and oral glucose tolerance (OGTT).