cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Heart Diseases with Right Aortic Arch

Objective To investigate diagnostic and treatment strategies of patients with congenital heart diseases and right aortic arch. Methods Clinical data of 27 children who underwent surgical correction for congenital heart diseases and right aortic arch in Children's Heart Center of Beijing Children's Hospital from January 1,2012 to April 1,2013 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 20 male and 7 female patients with their age of 10.96±12.08 months and body weight of 7.70±3.13 kg. All the patients had right aortic arch,including 14 children with tetralogy of Fallot,9 children with ventricular septal defect,1 child with patent ductus arteriosus,1 child with pulmonary artery sling and 2 children with isolated double aortic arch. Thirteen children were found to have a vascular ring including aberrant left subclavian artery and double aortic arch. All the patients received surgical correction for their intracardiac anomalies and concomitant transposition of the left subclavian artery for aberrant left subclavian artery or division of the nondominal arch for double aortic arch. Results Three children died perioperatively including 1 child who was unable to be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass,1 child without vascular ring who died 7 days postoperatively,and 1 child with double aortic arch who died of acute respiratory distress syndrome. There was another child who gave up further postoperative treatment. Twenty-three children were followed up for 3-17 months after discharge. Echocardiography showed satisfactory correction of their intracardiac anomalies. All the patients alive recovered well with good pulses in arteries of both arms. Conclusion Careful strategies are needed for surgical correction of patients with congenital heart diseases and concomitant right aortic arch. Comprehensive preoperative evaluation including contrast-enhanced CT and magnetic resonance imaging is helpful for clinical decision making in diagnosis and treatment. Clinical outcomes of 1-stage surgical correction of vascular ring and other concomitant intracardiac anomalies are satisfactory with good short-term results.
The dizzy patient.

The diagnosis of balance disorders is often a difficult and frustrating problem. The symptom of dizziness signals a disorder of one of the three interacting components of balance control: the visual pathways, the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear, and the proprioceptive tracts of the CNS. The vertiginous patient usually can provide the pertinent clues.
Ultrafast Predissociation Dynamics of Isolated Small Molecules from UV Resonance Raman Depolarization Ratios

Resonance Raman depolarization ratios and bandshapes are described as a probe of ultrafast dissociation dynamics of small gas phase molecules. The role of a finite laser bandwidth in inducing incoherent “fluorescence” emission is discussed. Applications to the predissociative S3 state of CS2 vapor are shown.
Photon energy storage materials with high energy densities based on diacetylene–azobenzene derivatives

Photocontrolled self-assembly of molecules has been utilized to change the physical properties of organic materials for various applications, while photon energy storage materials that incorporate photochromic molecules such as azobenzenes have been recognized as another highly attractive class of materials that convert and store photon energy in the strained chemical bonds. Herein, we demonstrate the photocontrolled self-assembly and disassembly of photon energy storage materials based on new diacetylene derivatives with azobenzene moieties and with varied alkyl spacers and linkers. We developed a series of symmetric diacetylenes and polydiacetylenes and obtained high energy-density materials that can store up to 176.2 kJ mol−1 (or 200.2 kJ mol−1, if completely charged); more than double that of pristine azobenzene. The extra energy storage in the materials in addition to the isomerization enthalpy of azobenzene units is enabled by the different phase of materials in the ground state (crystalline solid) and in metastable state (amorphous solid/liquid). It is notable that the phase change characteristic of organic materials can be a parameter to consider in terms of designing high energy density photon energy storage materials.
Research Needs on Flood Characteristics

Flood risk is nature related. Flood uncertainty is investigation related. The former can be changed only by changing the characteristics of floods. The latter can be changed only by more observation and investigation. The question to be answered yet is whether or not there is a physical upper bound to flood magnitude. The concept of probable maximum precipitation (PMP) seems to imply that there is an upper bound to flood magnitude. Flood characteristics are estimated by one or more methods: frequency curves, transfer of information (joint probability), regional data, paleohydrology, Bayesian and PMF groups of methods. The contemporaneous aspects of analysis of flood characteristics are related to reliability of estimation of floods of small exceedence probabilities in the range 10-2 to 10-7, whether there is an upper bound to floods and whether it is feasible to attach a probability value to probable maximum flood (PMF). To eventually answer these basic questions, three investigations are needed: (1) study of properties of the upper tail of probability distributions of floods; (2) use of regional data for drawing either the envelopes of largest floods or the curves of average largest flood characteristics for given sample sizes in the region, with probabilities attached to these envelopes or average curves; and (3) finding of the composite probability of PMF by studying the aggregated probabilities of random variables which are “maximized” in the process of computing PMP and PMF. Flood characteristics change with time due to changes in river basins. The need exists for methods of estimation of flood characteristics over periods of time of 25–100 years, particularly for planning flood mitigation measures over an extended future.
Bridging the Complex Contexts of Care in Medical Usability

Medical usability (i.e., creating materials that convey usable health and medical information to different audiences) requires designing for diverse contexts and audiences while addressing various usability-related factors. The topics covered by this panel investigate medical usability in a range of contexts related to different aspects of the rhetoric of health and medicine in today's society.
Impact ionization experiments on compound semiconductors

Impact ionization coefficients are important parameters for the understanding of high field transport in semiconductors. In this paper we review the experimental determination of impact ionization coefficients. We begin by briefly describing the impact ionization process and its importance in device applications. The basic relationships between the impact ionization coefficients and the performance of avalanche photodiode (APDs) are explained. Following this, the experimental requirements for the accurate determination of the ionization coefficients are presented. The results of a few specific experiments on impact ionization for III-V semiconductors are then reviewed.
STAT3 Mediates C6-Ceramide-Induced Cell Death in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent form of leukemia in adults in Western countries. Despite high incidence, its pathogenesis is still poorly understood and it remains incurable with current therapies. Ceramide is a tumor suppressor' lipid known to regulate differentiation, senescence and cell cycle arrest. Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of nanoliposomal C6-ceramide in several solid and non-solid tumor models. We have shown that nanoliposomal C6-ceramide selectively induces cell death in CLL cells by targeting the Warburg effect with no detrimental effects on normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Additionally, nanoliposomal C6-ceramide treatment results in tumor regression in an in vivo murine model of CLL. However, the mechanism and key molecular players mediating C6-ceramide-induced cell death in CLL remains unknown. Constitutive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been implicated in many cancers. Several reports in the literature have shown that STAT3 is constitutively phosphorylated on serine 727 (S727 p-STAT3) in CLL and STAT3 might be a therapeutic target in this disease. We hypothesize that STAT3 is a target of C6-ceramide in CLL cells. We first validated STAT3 as a therapeutic target in CLL. STAT3 knockdown in CLL cells induced cell death. C6-ceramide treatment also induces necrotic cell death in these cells. Examination of STAT3 phosphorylation state demonstrates constitutive phosphorylation at S727 and Y705 residue in CLL cell lines and patient cells. C6-ceramide treatment suppressed the levels of Y705 p-STAT3 and S727 p-STAT3, while having no effect on total STAT3 levels. The downregulation of phosphorylation was specific to STAT3 and did not affect the other STATs. C6-ceramide treatment also led to the downregulation of several downstream targets of STAT3 like p21, cyclin D1, Mcl-1 and survivin. Furthermore, the suppression in STAT3 phosphorylation preceded induction of C6-ceramide-mediated cell death in CLL cells, suggesting that this event might be critical for cell death induction. Analysis of the upstream kinases revealed that C6-ceramide-induced suppression of S727 p-STAT3 might be, in part, a consequence of suppression of MEK1/2 kinase and protein kinase C (PKC). Ongoing studies will focus on identifying the specific phosphorylation site(s) that mediates cell death and examine the effect of C6-ceramide on upstream regulators of p-STAT3 in an effort to delineate the molecular mechanism of C6-ceramide-induced cell death in CLL. In conclusion, our data suggests that targeting STAT3 with nanoliposomal C6-ceramide is a potential therapy for CLL. This work is the first body of evidence demonstrating an effect of C6-ceramide on STAT3 phosphorylation. ![Figure 1][1] Figure 1 Disclosures Kester: Keystone Nano, Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership. [1]: pending:yes
Comparative Analyses of Discourse in Specialized STEM School Classes.

ABSTRACTThe authors detail the discourse patterns observed within mathematics and science classes at specialized STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) high schools. Analyses reveal that teachers in mathematics classes tended to engage their students in authoritative discourse while teachers in science classes tended to engage students in dialogic discourse. The authors examined variations in the type of discourse in relationship to the discipline being taught, the educational level of the teacher, and course requirements were also explored.
ACTS: Extracting Android App topologiCal signature through graphleT Sampling

Android systems are widely used in mobile & wireless distributed systems. In the near future, Android is believed to dominate the mobile distributed environment. However, with the popularity of Android-based smartphones/tablets comes the rampancy of Android-based malware. In this paper, we propose a novel topological signature of Android apps based on the function call graphs (FCGs) extracted from their Android App PacKages (APKs). Specifically, by leveraging recent advances in graphlet sampling, the proposed method fully captures the invocator-invocatee relationship at local neighborhoods in an FCG without exponentially inflating the state space. Using real benign app and malware samples, we demonstrate that our method, ACTS (App topologiCal signature through graphleT Sampling), can detect malware and identify malware families robustly and efficiently. More importantly, we demonstrate that, without augmenting the FCG with any semantic features such as bytecode-based vertex typing, local topological information captured by ACTS alone can achieve a high malware detection accuracy. Since ACTS only uses structural features, which are orthogonal to semantic features, it is expected that combining them would give a greater improvement in malware detection accuracy than combining non-orthogonal semantic features.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Three-Dimensional Flow around African Easterly Waves

AbstractThis study presents a large-scale trajectory analysis of African easterly waves (AEWs) across West Africa and the eastern Atlantic. Back trajectories were initialized at multiple pressure levels from in and around the vortex center of the AEW troughs to reveal the source regions of environmental inflow. The trajectory analysis highlights a changing influence of environmental air on AEW troughs. Over West Africa, monsoonal flow dominates with source regions of air from the southwest and east to northeast influencing the trough. As the AEW troughs leave West Africa, flow from the northwest becomes increasingly important. Cluster analysis highlighted that the contribution of trajectories from the northwest increased as the AEW troughs move westward and that this cluster also had high variability in environmental characteristics.Correlation analysis of outgoing longwave radiation around the troughs with environmental characteristics 72 h earlier was conducted on 443 AEWs. This analysis reveals that th...
Movements of Media in Yvonne Rainer's Hand Movie (1966) and Richard Serra's Hand Catching Lead (1968)

This article focuses on two experimental films from the 1960s: Yvonne Rainer’s Hand Movie (1966) and Richard Serra’s Hand Catching Lead (1968). It scrutinizes the way both works exhibit a hybridized and indeterminate approach to artistic media. It offers an empirical reading of the films’ movement and contextualizes them historically to move on to a theory of medium informed by Deleuze, Levinson, and Rajewsky. How does Rainer’s move from the time-based media of dance and choreography, and Serra’s move from the object arts of painting and sculpture, into the medium of film, advance our understanding of what is at stake aesthetically when boundaries of media are dissolved, transited, or displaced? Dance aesthetics requires that we show how movement gets translated into medium. I propose that the movement of media creates a displacement that is parallel to the displacement from the empirical to the theoretical in this article, where displacement becomes a form of reflection and critique.
Assessment of pazopanib-related hypertension, cardiac dysfunction and identification of clinical risk factors for their development

Antineoplastic therapy with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor pazopanib in patients with advanced/metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has been associated with hypertension (HTN), cardiomyopathy, and cardiac dysrhythmias. We therefore assessed the cardiovascular (CV) risk with pazopanib in a clinical setting. Medical records of 35 antineoplastic-naive mRCC patients newly started on pazopanib were retrospectively reviewed at a single academic medical center. Assessment of the hypertensive response and adverse cardiac events associated with pazopanib was the primary objective. Outcomes were defined using the National Cancer Institute’s Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.0. Potential clinical risk factors were investigated with univariate and multivariable logistic regression. Pazopanib-induced HTN was observed in 57% of patients. Median maximal systolic blood pressure (SBP) during pazopanib treatment was 167.5 mmHg with median time to event of 24.5 days. New-onset HTN occurred in 6/14 (43%) patients. Baseline SBP > 130 mmHg (odds ratio [OR]: 5.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94-29.99; p = 0.058) and ACEi/ARB use (OR: 4.88; 95% CI: 1.05 22.84; p = 0.044) were risk factors for pazopanib-induced HTN. When HTN was excluded, 34% of patients developed a CV adverse event. Age ≥ 60 years (OR: 8.72; 95% CI: 0.74-513.26; p = 0.105) trended towards being a predictor for a non-HTN CV adverse event. Our findings suggest that pazopanib has a broad CV toxicity profile in treatment-naive mRCC patients headlined by a rapid and striking hypertensive response. More intensive BP control prior to starting pazopanib and standardization of CV surveillance particularly in older patients may optimize oncologic care while minimizing CV risk.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEACHERS’ LEVELS OF CULTURAL COMPETENCE AND THE NOMINATION/REFERRAL PROCESS FOR GIFTED IDENTIFICATION OF CULTURALLY AND LINGUISTICALLY DIVERSE STUDENTS

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEACHERS’ LEVELS OF CULTURAL COMPETENCE AND THE NOMINATION/REFERRAL PROCESS FOR GIFTED IDENTIFICATION OF CULTURALLY AND LINGUISTICALLY DIVERSE STUDENTS By: Patrice C. Wilson, Ph.D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2014 Major Director: Charol Shakeshaft, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Educational Leadership School of Education This study examined the extent to which teachers’ levels of cultural competence is a factor in the nomination/referral process for gifted identification of culturally and linguistically diverse students. Specifically, this study compared the self-assessed perceptions of second and third grade elementary teachers’ cultural competence to the various factors included in the gifted referral process. A quasi-experimental quantitative study was used. However, this study superficially included some qualitative exploration due to the nature of the open-ended survey questions and secondary data set analysis. Quantitative data were collected via an adapted version of the Cultural Competence Self-Assessment for Teachers survey created by Lindsey, Robins, & Terrell (2009). Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, independent samples ttest, and correlation analysis were conducted. Results revealed that there were no significantly statistical differences in the relationship between teachers’ levels of cultural competence and nomination/referral patterns for gifted identification. Yet, the results also indicated that the district’s second and third grade teachers were generally high on the cultural competence continuum. An overwhelming majority of the teachers believed themselves to be culturally competent however, cultural competence subscale scores in institutionalizing cultural knowledge and interacting with CLD students were lower percentages when compared to the other subscale scores. In general, this study may have important practical implications for the ongoing process of becoming culturally competent, gifted education practices and policy, teacher preparation, and professional practice.
Mechanisms of Chinese tallow ( Triadica sebifera ) invasion and their management implications – A review

Abstract Ecosystems are under increasing stress from environmental change, including invasion by non-native species that can disrupt ecological processes and functions. Chinese tallow [Triadica sebifera (L.) Small] is a highly invasive tree species in southeastern US forests, prairies, and wetlands, and effectively managing this invasive species is a significant challenge for scientists and land managers. In this review, we synthesize the literature on invasion ecology and management of Chinese tallow. Our review suggests that the invaded range of Chinese tallow is currently limited by dispersal in many areas and by low temperatures and low soil moisture, and by high soil salinity and frequent flooding in others, but these barriers may be overcome by increased dispersal, phenotypic plasticity, and/or rapid evolution. Invasions by Chinese tallow are facilitated by both the invasiveness of the species and the invasibility of the recipient communities. Invasiveness of Chinese tallow has been attributed to fast growth, high fecundity, a persistent seed bank, aggressive resprouting, abiotic stress tolerance, and the ability to transform fire maintained ecosystems. Some of these traits may be enhanced in invasive populations. Anthropogenic and natural disturbances, lack of herbivore pressure, and facilitation by soil microbes enhance the intensity of Chinese tallow invasions. Biological control of Chinese tallow is being developed. Treatments such as herbicides, prescribed fire, and mechanical control can effectively control Chinese tallow at the local scale. A combination of these treatments improves results. However, a proactive management approach would simultaneously achieve invasion control and promote subsequent ecological restoration, especially in the context of legacy effects, secondary invasions, and/or variable ecosystem responses to different control treatments. Future research should clarify the roles of species invasiveness and community invasibility, increase our understanding of the effects of Chinese tallow in invaded communities, and develop viable management regimes that are effective in both controlling or reducing the probability of Chinese tallow invasion and restoring desired native communities.
"Management Theory’s Faustian Bargain: Complicity, Conquest, and the Modern Corporation"

Markets create social consequences such as material gains for society; but often at the cost of the exploitation of some by others. Markets enable the creation of new value; but also enable the cre...
Explaining the Performance Potential of Rule-Based Fuzzy Systems as a Greater Sculpting of the State Space

This paper provides some new and novel application-independent perspectives on why improved performance usually occurs as one goes from crisp, to type-1 (T1), and to interval type-2 (IT2) fuzzy systems, by introducing three kinds of partitions: (1) Uncertainty partitions that let us distinguish T1 fuzzy sets from crisp sets, and IT2 fuzzy sets from T1 fuzzy sets; (2) First-and second-order rule partitions that are direct results of uncertainty partitions, and are associated with the number of rules that fire in different regions of the state space, and, the changes in their mathematical formulae within those regions; and (3) Novelty partitions that can only occur in an IT2 fuzzy system that uses type-reduction. Rule and novelty partitions sculpt the state space into hyperrectangles within each of which resides a different nonlinear function. It is the author's conjecture that the greater sculpting of the state space by a T1 fuzzy system lets it outperform a crisp system, and the even greater sculpting of the state space by an IT2 fuzzy system lets it outperform a T1 fuzzy system. The latter can occur even when the T1 and IT2 fuzzy systems are described by the same number of parameters.
A regime-dependent retrieval algorithm for near-surface air temperature and specific humidity from multi-microwave sensors

Abstract Near-surface specific humidity (qa) and air temperature (Ta) over the global ocean are important meteorological variables, but they cannot be retrieved directly from remote sensing. Many efforts have been made to develop algorithms that derive qa and Ta from multisensor microwave and/or infrared observations using in situ measurements as training datasets. However, uncertainty remains large in the resultant qa and Ta retrievals. In this study, 147 moored surface buoys are used to examine how buoy measured qa and Ta are related to satellite microwave brightness temperature (Tb) on the spatial scale from the warm/humid tropics to the cold/dry high latitudes. It is found that the Tb – qa and Tb – Ta relations are structured along two distinct, near-linear bands, with the primary band in the warm/humid regime and a secondary (weaker) band in the cold/dry regime. The step-like transition (or separation) between the two regimes occurs at 8–10 g kg−1 for qa and 14–17 °C for Ta. The evidence suggests that one algorithm may not be sufficient to extract qa and Ta from Tb in all regimes. Therefore, a high-latitude enhancement is added to the global algorithm so that the qa and Ta retrievals in the dry/cold regime can be specifically addressed. The new algorithms are applied to 11 microwave sensors, including SSM/I, SSMIS, and AMSU-A, from 1988 to 2016. Based on the 475,717 buoy collocations during the 29-year period, the retrieved qa and Ta have root-mean-square differences of 0.82 g kg−1 and 0.51 °C, respectively.
The (In)Visibility of Motherhood in Family Court Proceedings

Issues of bias in Family Court in the context of race and overrepresentation of people of poverty have been extensively explored in academic literature. There is arguably a parallel overrepresentation of women, and particularly mothers, in our Family Courts. I question whether the Family Court would function as it currently does without mothers as its core litigants. Specifically, I delve into the implicit gender biases inherent in societal expectations of mothers as all-knowing, ever-nurturing, and ever-protective of their children – expectations that often ignore the complexities and nuances of motherhood. To illustrate my thesis, I focus on a case that I was involved in over a decade ago, which was subsequently featured in Professor Dorothy Roberts’ book: Shattered Bonds: The Color of the Child Welfare System. Through this narrative, the Article raises critical questions regarding the influence of implicit gender bias and the construct of motherhood in Family Court proceedings. As a result of its predominance, has the gender of Family Court litigants become virtually invisible? How might we identify, confront, and address this (in)visibility in our family justice system?
Methane emissions from northern high latitude wetlands

Methane emissions from northern high-latitude wetlands are an important consideration for understanding past, present, and future atmospheric concentrations of this important greenhouse gas. In this chapter we review progress on measuring methane emissions from northern wetlands and, through a model, estimate emission variability in relation to one component of climate variability. Our conclusions are as follows: (1) Methane emissions from northern wetlands are dependent on both soil moisture and temperature. The relative influence of these soil climate parameters is quite variable from one region to another, as is the magnitude of the net emission rate to the atmosphere. Some important wetland regions have not been surveyed for methane emissions (e.g., the Siberian Lowlands); further progress on defining global emissions from northern wetlands awaits field data from these areas. (2) Our preliminary modeling of the sensitivity of methane flux from northern wetlands to variability in temperature indicates that feedbacks from this source are unlikely to significantly influence rates of climate change during the initial stages of a global warming.
The Importance of Families and Communities in Understanding Ethnicity and Maintaining Ethnic Identity

Social science provides us with a variety of theories that attempt to explain the dynamics of race and ethnicity. Many of these theories are concerned with the basic question of ethnic difference: its origins, persistence, and decline. In the contemporary literature on immigration to the United States and on how immigrants adjust to that relocation, assimilation and the persistence of ethnic identity have often been considered polar opposites. Researchers, however, are beginning to find that both processes often occur simultaneously, as when immigrants become acculturated into American society but also maintain or even construct distinct ethnic identities, often “symbolically.” Even though a generation of immigrants may give up their ethnic identities, adopt the host language, and intermarry, their children or grandchildren may choose to renew ancestral ethnicities, and in so doing, may even contribute to the re-ethnicization of their parents as adults. Ethnicity (and ethnic identity), therefore, is both a conservative force as well as an agent of change. The articles in this special issue of Ethnic Studies Review explore the dynamics of ethnicity in the United States and contextualize the experience of various groups within families and communities.
Interannual stability from ensemble modelling

Ensemble modelling for fisheries analyses is increasing and may improve on single-model approaches through better representation of uncertainty, reduced potential for bias, and greater stability in...
Cancer-Related Fatigue: Perception of Effort or Task Failure?

Context:Patient’s rating of perceived effort (RPE) is used to assess central fatigue. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is believed to be of central origin. The increased RPE with a motor task, such as ...
Preparation of 4‐hydroxy‐3‐substituted, 2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2‐ones and 2H‐1‐benzothiopyran‐2‐ones from carboxylic esters and methyl salicylates or methyl thiosalicylate

C(α)-Carboxylic acid esters were treated with excess lithium diisopropylamide, condensed with methyl salicylates or methyl thiosalicylate, followed by acid cyclization to either 4-hydroxy-3-substituted, 2H-1-benzopyran-2-ones (coumarins), or 2H-1-benzothiopyran-2-ones (thiocoumarins).
Vehicle Driveline Benchmarking to Support Predictive CAE Modeling Development

The development of predictive models requires several assumptions along with known system properties and boundary conditions to generate a correlated model. When a prototype product is available, modal analysis can be used to benchmark the current product and extract modal properties. The extracted values are often cross referenced with FEA solutions and utilized to feed forward into CAE models for data replication and future prediction. This study was used to perform modal testing on a full sized pickup truck driveline to build a one-dimensional lumped parameter model. The successful extraction of modal parameters was able to provide benchmark stiffness and damping estimates for use in CAE model updating to achieve better correlation with experimental vehicle data. The resulting lumped parameter changes reduce the number of model assumptions and allow for modification of stiffness design targets for new prototype driveshafts and/or additional driveline components.
Incidence of Management Changes at the Postoperative Week 1 Visit after Cataract Surgery: Results from the Perioperative Care for IntraOcular Lens Study.

Purpose To ascertain the incidence of unexpected management changes at the postoperative week 1 visit in asymptomatic patients who have had an uncomplicated cataract surgery and a routine postoperative day 1 examination. Design Retrospective observational study. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted of all cases of cataract extraction by phacoemulsification with intraocular lens insertion performed by the Comprehensive Ophthalmology Service at Massachusetts Eye and Ear between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2014. The preoperative consultation, operative report, and postoperative day 1 and week 1 (postoperative days 5-14) visits were reviewed. Cases with intraoperative complications, as well as clinical findings at postoperative day 1 requiring close follow-up, were excluded. The main outcome measure was incidence of unexpected management changes at the postoperative week 1 visit after cataract surgery, defined as an unanticipated change in postoperative drops, additional procedures, or urgent referral to a specialty service. Results Overall, 1938 surgical cases of 1471 patients were reviewed, and 1510 cases (77.9%) underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation with a routine postoperative day 1 examination. Of these 1510 cases, 238 (15.8%) reported symptoms at the postoperative week 1 visit, including flashes, floaters, redness, pain, or decreased vision, which warranted an examination. In total, 1272 cases were asymptomatic, and only 11 of these cases (0.9%) had an unexpected management change at postoperative week 1. Eight of 11 patients were asymptomatic steroid responders requiring alteration of their postoperative drops. Two of these patients had an intraocular pressure >30 mm Hg. Conclusions Unexpected management changes at the postoperative week 1 timepoint after cataract surgery are rare in asymptomatic patients who have had uncomplicated cataract surgery and a routine postoperative day 1 examination. Limited data are available to outline an optimal postoperative regimen after cataract surgery. The results of this study suggest that postoperative week 1 examinations could potentially be performed on an as-needed basis in the appropriate subgroup of patients after cataract surgery.
What to Do About These Six Things

This chapter digests the six things presented in Part II. These six things are essentially about separation and diversion. There is a huge wall that divides schools from the wider public, experts from laypeople/parents. There is also an excessively large number of services schools perform that dilute their educational effectiveness and endanger their financial health. The chapter proposes two different solutions to the problem of separation: a reimagined elementary curriculum and a renaissance in parental engagement. The new curriculum would not seek to impose a rigorous college prep curriculum on all students, but teach an exciting and relevant set of skills to prepare students for democracy and healthy adult living. Proposals for increased parental engagement include required service hours and parent education programs. The chapter concludes by examining six concrete things schools can do to regain focus and eliminate diversions: stop as many non-academic services as possible, simplify the curriculum, fully fund Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, implement a zero tolerance discipline policy, bring in the home to support school discipline, and eliminate unnecessary red tape and paperwork for teachers.
SafeNet: An Assistive Solution to Assess Incoming Threats for Premises

An assistive solution to assess incoming threats (e.g., robbery, burglary, gun violence) for homes will enhance the safety of the people with or without disabilities. This paper presents "SafeNet"- an integrated assistive system to generate context-oriented image descriptions to assess incoming threats. The key functionality of the system includes the detection and identification of human and generating image descriptions from the real-time video streams obtained from the cameras placed in strategic locations around the house. In this paper, we focus on developing a robust model called "SafeNet" to generate image descriptions. To interact with the system, we implemented a dialog enabled interface for creating a personalized profile from face images or videos of friends/families. To improve computational efficiency, we apply change detection to filter out frames that do not have any activity and use Faster-RCNN to detect the human presence and extract faces using Multitask Cascaded Convolutional Networks (MTCNN). Subsequently, we apply LBP/FaceNet to identify a person. SafeNet sends image descriptions to the users with an MMS containing a person's name if any match found or as "Unknown", scene image, facial description, and contextual information. SafeNet identifies friends/families/caregiver versus intruders/unknown with an average F-score 0.97 and generates image descriptions from 10 classes with an average F-measure 0.97.
Using polarimetric observations to detect and quantify the three-dimensional radiative transfer effects in passive satellite cloud property retrievals: Theoretical framework and feasibility study

The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. This work is supported by the grant CyberTraining: DSE: Cross-Training of Researchers in Computing, Applied Mathematics and Atmospheric Sciences using Advanced Cyber infrastructure Resources from the US National Science Foundation (grant no. OAC–1730250). The computations in this study were performed at the UMBC High Performance Computing Facility (HPCF). The facility is supported by the US National Science Foundation through the MRI program (grant nos. CNS0821258 and CNS-1228778) and the SCREMS program (grant no. DMS-0821311), with substantial support from UMBC. ZZ’s research is partly supported by NASA grant (80NSSC20K0130) to UMBC.
Toolkit to Compute Time-Based Elixhauser Comorbidity Indices and Extension to Common Data Models.

Objective The time-dependent study of comorbidities provides insight into disease progression and trajectory. We hypothesize that understanding longitudinal disease characteristics can lead to more timely intervention and improve clinical outcomes. As a first step, we developed an efficient and easy-to-install toolkit, the Time-based Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (TECI), which pre-calculates time-based Elixhauser comorbidities and can be extended to common data models (CDMs). Methods A Structured Query Language (SQL)-based toolkit, TECI, was built to pre-calculate time-specific Elixhauser comorbidity indices using data from a clinical data repository (CDR). Then it was extended to the Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (I2B2) and Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) CDMs. Results At the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), the TECI toolkit was successfully installed to compute the indices from CDR data, and the scores were integrated into the I2B2 and OMOP CDMs. Comorbidity scores calculated by TECI were validated against: scores available in the 2015 quarter 1-3 Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) and scores calculated using the comorbidities using a previously validated algorithm on the 2015 quarter 4 NRD. Furthermore, TECI identified 18,846 UAMS patients that had changes in comorbidity scores over time (year 2013 to 2019). Comorbidities for a random sample of patients were independently reviewed, and in all cases, the results were found to be 100% accurate. Conclusion TECI facilitates the study of comorbidities within a time-dependent context, allowing better understanding of disease associations and trajectories, which has the potential to improve clinical outcomes.
Debugging Declarative Models in Alloy

Debugging, which involves both fault localization and bug repair, is critical for developers to identify and remove bugs in a program. Most existing debugging research techniques focus on imperative programs (e.g., C and Java) and rely on test suite to analyze correct and incorrect executions of the program to identify and repair suspicious statements.We propose a new debugging framework for models written in a declarative language, where the models are not "executed", but rather converted into a logical formula solvable using a constraint solver. In recent work, we developed a fault localization tool that takes as input an Alloy model consisting of a violated assertion and returns a ranked list of suspicious expressions contributing to the violation. Preliminary results show that the fault localization tool is accurate, useful, and scales to complex, real-world Alloy models.In this work, we propose a new repair technique and tool that can be integrated with our fault localization tool or used as a stand-alone tool. We aim to automatic repair bugs violating given assertions in Alloy models. We plan to adopt guided search and pattern-based repair techniques from imperative automatic program repair and modify DFA learning algorithms to synthesis repairs.
New guidelines for children returning to sports after Covid-19.

Approximately 45 million children participate in some form of athletics. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many aspects of their lives, including sports activities. Families are asking care givers questions about how best to ensure the safety of their children when returning to sports activities. The American Academy of Pediatrics has issued revised guidelines for children returning to athletic activities after COVID-19. These include strengthening the recommendations for cloth mask wearing for all children engaging in vigorous sports and clarifications of cardiac risks to children who have had COVID-19.
Tu Quoque Arguments and the Significance of Hypocrisy

Though textbook tu quoque arguments are fallacies of relevance, many versions of arguments from hypocrisy are indirectly relevant to the issue. Some arguments from hypocrisy are challenges to the authority of a speaker on the basis of either her sincerity or competency regarding the issue. Other arguments from hypocrisy purport to be evidence of the impracticability of the opponent’s proposals. Further, some versions of hypocrisy charges from impracticability are open to a counter that I will term tu quoque judo.
Future Directions: Using Current Knowledge to Inform the Future of LGBTQ PoC Heart, Brain, and Mental Health Disparities

LGBTQ PoC continue to face oppression in the U.S. and across the globe. This chapter highlights how this oppression, as unique minority stress in the form of intersectional discrimination, impacts the heart, brain, and mental health of racial/ethnic LGBTQ by summarizing key findings from each chapter to inform the future directions of research, practice, and advocacy of LGBTQ PoC health. The chapter also makes some methodological considerations related to the study of racial/ethnic LGBTQ health. Attention is paid to standardization of the assessment of race/ethnicity, sexual orientation/gender identity, and stresses that major PoC datasets should contain LGBTQ PoC persons in order to facilitate comparisons and highlight health disparities for racial/ethnic LGBTQ.
Wearables can help me learn: A survey of user perception of wearable technologies for learning in everyday life

Wearable devices are a popular class of portable ubiquitous technology. These devices are available in a variety of forms, ranging from smart glasses to smart rings. The fact that smart wearable devices are attached to the body makes them particularly suitable to be integrated into people’s daily lives. Thus, we propose that wearables can be particularly useful to help people make sense of different kinds of information and situations in the course of their everyday activities, in other words, to help support learning in everyday life. Further, different forms of wearables have different affordances leading to varying perceptions and preferences, depending on the purpose and context of use. While there is research on wearable use in the learning context, it is mostly limited to specific settings and usually only explores wearable use for a specific task. This paper presents an online survey with 70 participants conducted to understand users’ preferences and perceptions of how wearables may be used to support learning in their everyday life. Multiple ways of use of wearable for learning were proposed. Asking for information was the most common learning-oriented use. The smartwatch/wristband, followed by the smart glasses, was the most preferred wearable form factor to support learning. Our survey results also showed that the choice of wearable type to use for learning is associated with prior wearable experience and that perceived social influence of wearables decreases significantly with gain in the experience with a fitness tracker. Overall, our study indicates that wearable devices have untapped potential to be used for learning in daily life and different form factors are perceived to afford different functions and used for different purposes.
Prevalence and incidence of dry eye in the USA: a systematic review protocol.

Introduction Dry eye is a multifactorial chronic condition characterised by tear film insufficiency and instability, and ocular symptoms including foreign body sensation, itching, irritation, soreness and visual disturbance. The prevalence and incidence of dry eye are major determinants of the magnitude of economic and societal costs of the disease. This protocol proposes a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and incidence of dry eye in the USA. Methods and analysis Working with an information specialist, we will develop search strategies for Ovid Medline and Embase for population-based cross-sectional and cohort studies involving US-based populations that report the prevalence and/or incidence of dry eye. We will include studies involving persons of all ages from 1 January 2010 to the current date with no language restrictions. We will also hand-search references of included studies, dry eye epidemiology-related systematic reviews, clinical practice guidelines and literature provided by agencies and organisations. Two investigators will independently screen the titles and abstracts, and then full-text reports to determine eligibility. One investigator will extract study data and perform risk of bias assessments using tools designed specifically for prevalence and incidence studies. A second investigator will verify all extracted study data and risk of bias assessments. We will assess heterogeneity, qualitatively and quantitatively. When appropriate, we will meta-analyse prevalence and incidence estimates. Ethics and dissemination This review does not require approval by an ethics committee because it will use published studies. We will publish our results in a peer-reviewed journal and present at relevant conferences. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021256934.
Abdominal AIDS Imaging: Luminal Tract Manifestations

It has been close to two decades since the first cases of AIDS were reported in 1981 and the epidemic continues despite the use of multiple new antiviral drug regimens. Most patients with AIDS will have symptoms of gastrointestinal tract disease at some point during the course of their illness. The diagnosis of clinical AIDS is often made by identifying a malignant neoplasm or an opportunistic infection of the gastrointestinal tract. It is essential that physicians are aware of the specific gastrointestinal manifestations of this disease.
Munroe, Ruth Hagberg

Ruth Hagberg Munroe was born in Youngstown, Ohio in 1930. She graduated from Antioch College, was trained in measurement and statistics (Ed.M.) and human development (Ed.D.) at Harvard University, and in 1964 became a member of the founding faculty at Pitzer College in Claremont, California. There, she helped to build a new institution and devotedly and successfully taught at the school for the rest of her career. Her primary professional affiliation was with the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology. She served for six years as its secretary-general, and in 1996 was named an Honorary Fellow of the organization. She died in Claremont in 1996. Keywords: anthropology; cross-cultural psychology; ethnography
Outline of a proof theory of parametricity

Reynolds' Parametricity Theorem (also known as the Abstraction Theorem), a result concerning the model theory of the second order polymorphic typed λ-calculus (F2), has recently been used by Wadler to prove some unusual and interesting properties of programs. We present a purely syntactic version of the Parametricity Theorem, showing that it is simply an example of formal theorem proving in second order minimal logic over a first order equivalence theory on λ-terms. We analyze the use of parametricity in proving program equivalences, and show that structural induction is still required: parametricity is not enough.
The Number and Magnitude of Large Explosive Volcanic Eruptions Between 904 and 1865 A.D.: Quantitative Evidence from a New South Pole Ice Core

A new volcanic record covering the period of 904 to 1865 A.D. was produced from continuous chemical analysis of a 2001 South Pole ice core. This new record is consistent with previous records in the number and dates of large volcanic events. The relative magnitudes of several prominent events in this new record were compared to the same events in previous records from South Pole and Plateau Remote (East Antarctica) ice cores. The comparison demonstrates that the discrepancies in reported magnitudes of these events are probably a result of the glaciological complications at Plateau Remote, and that volcanic deposit or flux measurements from South Pole ice cores are therefore more reliable parameters of the atmospheric mass loadings of volcanic aerosols. The new record also confirms the previous finding that five large or moderately large volcanic eruptions occurred in the 13 th century. The total atmospheric aerosol mass loadings, inferred from volcanic sulfate flux in this new ice core, from these five eruptions appear to be 3 to 20 times those in other centuries during the last millennium, suggesting a significant role by explosive volcanism in the climatic transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age.