cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical measurement of distally directed headgear loading.

Abstract A method was developed to measure the distally directed load that is delivered to molar teeth by orthodontic headgear. Measurements on a three-dimensional model and on four patients showed that the intraoral load at the maxillary molar teeth was generally the same as or greater than the measured extraoral force. Higher loadings on the molar teeth were thought to be caused by lever arms present in the headgear assemblies. Both the power arm face-bow and the symmetrical face-bow were effective in delivering an unbalanced load when one arm was bent well outward The unilateral effect was decreased as the extraoral force was increased. Bending of the face-bow by the stronger extraoral forces probably was responsible for the decreased unilateral effect. The effect of lever arms in the headgear assembly on the load delivered to the teeth warrants further study.
Microemulsion-mediated synthesis of nanosize molybdenum sulfide particles

Abstract A microemulsion-based method for the synthesis of molybdenum sulfide nanoparticles is reported. Molybdenum sulfide particles in the size range 10-80 nm have been precipitated in water-in-oil microemulsions (water-containing inverse micelles) formulated with polyoxyethylene(5) nonylphenylether (NP-5). The particles were synthesized in the NP-5/cyclohexane/water microemulsion system by acidifying ammonium tetrathiomolybdate solubilized in the water cores of the inverse micelles. Particle characterization was accomplished by chemical analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy. The small size and the cage-like nature of the micro-emulsion water cores limit particle growth and aggregation. The particle size was found to be a function of the water-to-surfactant molar ratio and the average number of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate ions solubilized per water core. These trends are rationalized in terms of classical nucleation theory and aggregative growth concepts.
Lateral p-n-p-n device☆

Abstract The design and characterization of lateral p - n - p - n devices whose geometry consist of an annular n - p - n transistor surrounding a p dot are presented. Devices were made on both epitaxial and non-epitaxial silicon crystals thus affording comparison of their relative merits. It is found that the presence of a low resistivity substrate in an epi device increases the turn-off gain and reduces the reverse recovery time so that this device may find useful in high speed switching circuits. In addition, the construction of the lateral p - n - p - n offers possibilities as an element of an integrated circuit. Some aspects of the analysis of a lateral p - n - p transistor are also presented in the Appendix.
The Los Alamos PIXE data reduction software

Abstract A fortran computer code has been written to perform standard-free analysis of PIXE spectra. The analysis is broken into three components: relative X-ray intensity calculation, detector calibration, and spectrum deconvolution. Nonlinear portions of the problem are limited to detector calibration. Actual spectrum deconvolution is performed as a linear least squares problem with linear inequality constraints on element concentrations and background. Up to 9 K and 15 L lines of 85 elements are available for spectrum fitting. The current model consists of Gaussian peaks and a polynomial background. Development work is underway to add low energy tails to the peak model and absorption edges to the background.
Indomethacin (INC) Pharmacokinetics in Extremely Premature Infants who Receive Prophylactic (P) ICN in the First 24H of Life for Prevention of Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) • 991

Indomethacin (INC) Pharmacokinetics in Extremely Premature Infants who Receive Prophylactic (P) ICN in the First 24H of Life for Prevention of Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) • 991
Live from the stacks: user feedback on mobile computers and wireless tools for library patrons

Digital library research is made more robust and effective when end-user opinions and viewpoints inform the research, design and development process. A rich understanding of user tasks and contexts is especially necessary when investigating the use of mobile computers in traditional and digital library environments, since the nature and scope of the research questions at hand remain relatively undefined. This paper outlines findings from a library technologies user survey and on-site mobile library access prototype testing, and presents future research directions that can be derived from the results of these two studies.
Hearing a face: cross-modal speaker matching using isolated visible speech.

An experiment was performed to test whether cross-modal speaker matches could be made using isolated visible speech movement information. Visible speech movements were isolated using a pointlight technique. In five conditions, subjects were asked to match a voice to one of two (unimodal) speaking point-light faces on the basis of speaker identity. Two of these conditions were designed to maintain the idiosyncratic speech dynamics of the speakers, whereas three of the conditions deleted or distorted the dynamics in various ways. Some of these conditions also equated video frames across dynamically correct and distorted movements. The results revealed generally better matching performance in the conditions that maintained the correct speech dynamics than in those conditions that did not, despite containing exactly the same video frames. The results suggest that visible speech movements themselves can support cross-modal speaker matching.
The impact of maternal employment on children's perceptions of parents and personal development

This study assessed the impact of maternal employment on young adolescents' self-concept, school achievement, vocational development, and the perceptions of their parents. It also assessed the impact of maternal employment in nonintact homes. Multivariate F tests indicated no significant differences in the subjects' perceptions of either parent or in their educational and vocational development that could be attributed to maternal employment. Similar results were reported in nonintact families.
Preeclampsia: Exposing Future Cardiovascular Risk in Mothers and Their Children

There is an increased risk for future cardiovascular disease in women who have had preeclampsia. In infants born to mothers with preeclampsia, there is growing evidence of increased risk for both cardiovascular disease and preeclampsia. Epidemiologic and experimental data provide a strong link between intrauterine exposure to preeclampsia and subsequent risk for the development of cardiovascular disease in women.
Potentiation and inhibition of Ca2+ release‐activated Ca2+ channels by 2‐aminoethyldiphenyl borate (2‐APB) occurs independently of IP3 receptors

1. The effects of the IP(3)-receptor antagonist 2-aminoethyldiphenyl borate (2-APB) on the Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) current (I(CRAC)) in Jurkat human T cells, DT40 chicken B cells and rat basophilic leukaemia (RBL) cells were examined. 2. 2-APB elicited both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on Ca(2+) influx through CRAC channels. At concentrations of 1-5 microM, 2-APB enhanced Ca(2+) entry in intact cells and increased I(CRAC) amplitude by up to fivefold. At levels > or = 10 microM, 2-APB caused a transient enhancement of I(CRAC) followed by inhibition. 3. 2-APB altered the kinetics of fast Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation of I(CRAC). At concentrations of 1-5 microM, 2-APB increased the rate of fast inactivation. In contrast, 2-APB at higher concentrations (> or = 10 microM) reduced or completely blocked inactivation. 4. 2-APB inhibited Ca(2+) efflux from mitochondria. 5. 2-APB inhibited I(CRAC) more potently when applied extracellularly than intracellularly. Furthermore, increased protonation of 2-APB at low pH did not affect potentiation or inhibition. Thus, 2-APB may have an extracellular site of action. 6. Neither I(CRAC) activation by passive store depletion nor the effects of 2-APB were altered by intracellular dialysis with 500 microg ml(-1) heparin. 7. I(CRAC) is present in wild-type as well as mutant DT40 B cells lacking all three IP(3) receptor isoforms. 2-APB also potentiates and inhibits I(CRAC) in both cell types, indicating that 2-APB exerts its effects independently of IP(3) receptors. 8. Our results show that CRAC channel activation does not require physical interaction with IP(3) receptors as proposed in the conformational coupling model. Potentiation of I(CRAC) by 2-APB may be a useful diagnostic feature for positive identification of putative CRAC channel genes, and provides a novel tool for exploring the physiological functions of store-operated channels.
Is there a role for living donor intestine transplants

The use of living donors with intestinal transplantation is controversial because it may not significantly improve candidate access to organs when intestine-only grafts are needed, and may involve excessive donor risk when combined liver-intestine grafts are required. Although limited data are available for comparison at this time, graft and patient survival rates for intestinal transplantations using living donors are no different than for deceased donor transplantations. Potential benefits that may be provided to the intestine transplant recipient through the use of living donors include better HLA matching, shorter ischemia times, better bowel preparation, and better opportunities for introducing immunomodulatory strategies. Conversely, living intestine donors are at risk for mortality, significant morbidity, financial loss, and psychologic trauma. The long-term outcomes of living intestine donors have not yet been reported. Ultimately, these data are essential before the wider use of living donors can...
Post-mortem analysis for two prevalent β-oxidation mutations in sudden infant death

Background: Fatty acid oxidation disorders may cause sudden and unexpected infant death and are associated with the histological hallmark of hepatic steatosis. The goal of the present study was to assess the value of post-mortem molecular analysis for medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) and mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) defects in unexplained sudden infant death (SID) associated with fatty infiltration of the liver. MCAD catalyzes the first step of medium-chain fatty acid oxidation while MTP catalyzes the last three steps of long-chain fatty acid oxidation. Methods: In a retrospective study, 220 consecutive cases of sudden and unexplained infant death certified by medical examiners at Wake Forest University Medical Center were assessed for hepatic steatosis. Subjects with evidence of hepatic steatosis were screened for mutations in MCAD and MTPα-subunit using DNA isolated from paraffin-embedded liver tissue, single-strand conformation variance, and nucleotide sequence analyses. Results: Sixteen cases (7.3%) were associated with diffuse micro-vesicular or mixed micro- and macro-vesicular hepatic steatosis. Two of these 16 cases (12.5%) had disease-causing mutations. One was homozygous for the prevalent MCAD A985G mutation. The second was a compound heterozygous for the prevalent MTP G1528C mutation and a novel 1 bp deletion in exon 18 of the MTPα-subunit gene. Conclusions: A significant proportion (7.3%) of SID is associated with hepatic steatosis. The present data support post-mortem molecular analysis for the MCAD A985G and MTP G1528C prevalent mutations in cases of sudden and unexplained infant death associated with hepatic steatosis.
Conceptualization for planning and evaluation

Conceptualization is a central task in planning and evaluation. There is a need to develop conceptualization methods which can help multiple constituency groups collaborate on the development of conceptual frameworks which can guide the planning and evaluation effort. A general model for conceptualization methods is presented along with considerations for implementation. This model is illustrated in two planning and evaluation studies which involved a broad range of constituent groups within the organizations in the development of "concept maps" which could guide subsequent work. Some general implications of conceptualization methods for planning and evaluation are discussed.
Evidence-Based Intervention for Young Children Born Premature: Preliminary Evidence for Associated Changes in Physiological Regulation

Abstract The current study examined whether changes in maternal behaviors following an evidence-based treatment—Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT)—was associated with improvements in cardiac vagal regulation in young children born premature. Participants included 28 young children (mean age = 37.79 months) that were born premature and presented with elevated externalizing behavior problems. To assess cardiac vagal regulation, resting measures of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and RSA change (withdrawal or suppression) to a clean-up task were derived pre and post-treatment. Results indicated that an increase in behaviors mothers are taught to use during treatment (i.e., do skills —praise, reflection, and behavioral descriptions) was associated with an improvement in children's post-treatment RSA suppression levels. The current study illustrates the important role of caregiver behavior in promoting physiological regulation in children born premature.
Shoulder impingement syndrome

Shoulder rotator cuff impingement syndrome is treatable-nonoperatively or operatively if prompt diagnosis and treatment are undertaken.Proper evaluation includes a good history, physical examination, and appropriate diagnostic testing. The main goal in treatment is to return patients to their previous activity level, and the prognosis usually is good.Treatment usually is successful with nonoperative means, but if necessary operative intervention is successful with correct patient selection.
Does Competition Improve Public School Efficiency? A Spatial Analysis.

Abstract Advocates for educational reform frequently call for policies to increase competition between schools because it is argued that market forces naturally lead to greater efficiencies, including improved student learning, when schools face competition. Researchers examining this issue are confronted with difficulties in defining reasonable measures of competition within local educational markets. We approach the problem through the application of Geographical Information System (GIS) tools to the development of a school competition index (SCI) for the state of Mississippi. The SCI captures the degree of competition each public school in the state faces from peer private schools spatially located within their local market area. We find that higher degrees of competition from private schools significantly increase public primary and high school efficiency, as measured by the proficiency rates on high-stakes examinations. It is anticipated that the current results will inform policymakers regarding the viability of competition-based reforms.
Candidate genes of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway in acute coronary syndrome: a pilot study.

Purpose. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) and ALOX5-activating protein (ALOX5AP) gene variations in patients with and without acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methodology. Four and six single nucleotide polymorphisms spanning the ALOX5 and ALOX5AP genes, respectively, were genotyped in 19 non-Hispanic Caucasian patients with ACS and 27 controls. Results. Presence of the common allele of rs9508835 (ALOX5AP) and the minor allele of rs2029253 (ALOX5) were associated with ACS. After adjustment for age, being a carrier of the rs9508835 common allele was associated with an increased risk of ACS (odds ratio = 2.86). Relevance for nursing practice. Through the inhibition of the ALOX5AP gene by downregulation of the leukotriene pathway, the risk of ACS may be decreased in individuals that carry susceptibility allele(s). Knowledge of the genetic basis of treatments that downregulate the leukotriene pathway may prove essential to the care of individuals with ACS.
Chemical Control of Electrode Functionalization for Detection of DNA Hybridization by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

We report sensitive label-free detection of DNA oligonucleotide sequences using ac impedance measurements. The surface attachment chemistry is critical, and using mixed self-assembled monolayers on a gold electrode results in much better performance than homogeneous self-assembled monolayers. Contrary to expectations, binding of the target sequence reduces rather than increases the charge transfer resistance. Similar behavior is observed on indium tin oxide electrodes, and we ascribe it to the hydrophilicity and rigidity of the DNA duplex that cause it to reside further from the electrode surface and facilitate the approach of negatively charged redox moieties to the interface.
Developing a 10‐Year EEZ seafloor mapping and research program

Abstract Mapping and research on the seafloor adjacent to the United States has been a national effort involving elements of the Department of the Interior, the Department of Commerce, certain academic institutions, and private industry, the latter primarily for the exploration for oil and gas. These activities were accelerated by the USGS and NOAA in 1983, following the issuance of the EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) Proclamation by President Reagan. The intent of expanding the exploration already begun on the outer continental shelf (OCS) to the frontier of the EEZ is to determine the “characteristics”; and resource potential of this region. To coordinate this exploration, a Joint Office for Mapping and Research (JOMAR) has been established by the U.S. Geological Survey (in the Department of the Interior) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (in the Department of Commerce). JOMAR's main purpose is to help direct and coordinate ongoing and planned seafloor related activities in the EEZ a...
Aplicabilidad de la programacion matematica en la estimacion de funciones discriminantes

En este trabajo se recoge la problematica en la estimacion de funciones discriminantes de regiones multiclasicas lineal y no-linealmente separables. Se describe el modelo matematico soportado por el sistema DISMIP (programacion entera mixta discriminante). Se analizan comparativamente los resultados de este clasificador y los clasificadores gaussianos. Se estudia la forma, en que la discriminacion gaussiana es tomada por el sistema DISMIP como solucion basica factible a partir de la cual se inicia la optimizacion. Este sistema disenado por el Centro de Investigacion UAM-IBM sirve de base para el reconocimiento de patrones correspondientes a los datos fotograficos tomados por los sistemas basados en el satelite ERTS (Earth Resources Technology Satellite).
Psychometric Verification of Perry's Public Service Motivation Instrument Results for Volunteer Exemplars

This research note reports a confirmatory factor analysis for three of Perry's (1996) public service motivation (PSM) subdimensions: self-sacrifice, commitment to public interest, and compassion. A mail survey of national award-winning volunteers constitutes the sample. Results indicate strong support for Perry's instrument, most noticeably better results for self-sacrifice than those found in Perry's original exploratory work. Implications and recommendations for PSM instrument development are discussed.
WITHDRAWN: Effect of among-stallion seminal plasma variability on motility, viability, and DNA integrity of epididymal sperm

Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College ofVeterinary Medicine, College Station, TX, United StatesThis article has been withdrawn consistent with Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal(http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawal policy. The Publisher apologizes for any inconve-nience this may cause.
INTENSITY SELECTION AND REGULATION USING THE OMNI SCALE OF PERCEIVED EXERTION DURING INTERMITTENT EXERCISE

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if subjects can self-regulate exercise intensity during intermittent exercise by using ratings of perceived exertion. Thirty-one subjects completed an estimation trial maximal treadmill graded exercise test (GXT). Using the oxygen uptake and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) from the GXT, target RPEs that corresponded to 50% and 70% of oxygen uptake reserve were determined. During the subsequent 20 min production trial, subjects titrated treadmill speed and grade to elicit the target RPEs that were presented in 2 counterbalanced orders (counterbalance order I (70%-50% of oxygen uptake reserve) or counterbalance order II (50%-70% of oxygen uptake reserve)). Heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake were higher in the production trial compared with the estimation trial for counterbalance order I (p < 0.001) at an RPE that corresponded to 50% of oxygen uptake reserve. There was no difference in HR and oxygen uptake between the estimation and production trial for counterbalance order II (p < 0.05). HR was higher in the production trial compared with estimation trial for counterbalance order I (p < 0.05) at an RPE that corresponded to 70% of oxygen uptake reserve. There was no difference in HR between the estimation and production trials for counterbalance order II (p < 0.05). At an RPE that corresponded to 70% of oxygen uptake reserve, there was no difference in the oxygen uptake between the estimation and production trials (p < 0.05). A difference in HR (p < 0.05) and oxygen uptake (p < 0.05) between the 2 prescribed production trial intensities was indicated. The subjects were able to utilize RPE to self-regulate intensity during 20 min of exercise at varying intensity when beginning with the target RPE that corresponded to 50% of oxygen uptake reserve.
Towards Conceptual Convergence: An Examination of Interpersonal Adaptation

Interpersonal adaptation, or modifying one's behaviors to adjust to a communication partner, is fundamental to social interaction. Numerous concepts have been advanced to explain adaptation, such as accommodation, mimicry, and synchrony. This article reviews the prominent theories of adaptation in communication and psychology in view of understanding the nature of adaptive processes and of achieving conceptual clarity. A set of criteria is developed and used to distinguish between adaptive processes. The analysis shows that communication theories tend to view adaptation as strategic and driven by relational goals, while psychological theories focus on its unconscious and goal-independent aspects. Communication theories emphasize the interpretation of adaptive behaviors, while psychological theories do not. This review identifies theoretical gaps and suggests avenues for integration across disciplinary foci.
35Cl NMR studies of the active site zinc of horse liver alcohol dehydrongenase

Abstract 35 Cl-NMR has been used to study the active site Zn ions of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. The Cl − probe interaction with the Zn ions is completely removed by the binding of two molecules of reduced coenzyme per molecule of enzyme. Adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) also effectively removed the Cl − Zn interaction. Orthophenanthroline (OP) has no effect on the Cl − line width, but is an effective competitor with coenzyme and ADPR for the Zn ions. The OP results suggest that the Zn is octahedrally coordinated in the enzyme. The pH profile of the Cl − broadening is relatively flat from pH 5.5 to pH 9.0. It decreases above pH 9.0 with an apparent pK of 9.8 ± 0.2 in 0.5M NaCl.
Stability of multiple-loop feedback linear time-invariant systems

Multiple loop linear time invariant feedback systems stability, discussing conditions, gain matrix and input-output properties
Workflow Efficiency Comparison of a New CR System with Traditional CR and DR Systems in an Orthopedic Setting

Workflow efficiency is a crucial factor in selecting computed radiography (CR) versus digital radiography (DR) systems for digital projection radiography operations. DR systems can be more efficient, but present higher costs and limitations in performing some radiographic exams. A newly developed CR system presents a good alternative with its faster line-by-line instead of pixel-by-pixel image plate-scanning technology and a more efficient workstation. To evaluate workflow characteristics, a time–motion study was conducted to compare radiographic exam times of the new CR system with traditional CR and DR systems in a high-volume orthopedic operation. Approximately 200 exams for each modality were documented from the moment when a patient entered the X-ray room to the moment when all images were sent to the PACS archive using a timer and speech-recognition software. Applying Welch ANOVA and Tamhane’s T2 tests, average exam times for the new CR system were significantly faster (18–42%; P ≤ 0.025) than for the traditional CR system. Average exam times for the DR system were also faster than for the new CR system by 22–36% (P < 0.001) with one exception. In the case where the new CR system was located outside the X-ray room, using a one-technologist workflow model, average single-study exam times were not significantly different from those found when using DR. Therefore, the new CR system may be comparable in efficiency with the DR system for this particular setting and operation.
Individual Variation in Parental Care Reaction Norms: Integration of Personality and Plasticity

AbstractPersonality (consistent differences between individuals in behavior) and plasticity (changes within individuals in behavior) are often viewed as separate and opposing phenomena. We tested this idea by analyzing parental care reaction norms in a bird that exhibits biparental care. Personality in provisioning behavior existed () and persisted despite being reduced after accounting for individual differences in environment. Plasticity was also evident and differed between the sexes. Male visit rate was associated with changes in brood size and time of day, but female visit rate was associated with changes in nestling age and date. In both sexes changes in visit rate were positively correlated with changes in their partner’s visit rate. Both sexes also exhibited multidimensional reaction norms; interaction terms revealed that within-individual visit rates increased more steeply with brood size when nestlings were older, and the effect of the partner’s visit rate was sensitive to variation in date, pre...
Avoiding Obligation: Reservations to Human Rights Treaties

This article examines the decisions of governments to enter reservations upon ratification of international human rights treaties. I argue that, in the context of the human rights regime, reservati...
Combined use of imaginal and interoceptive stimuli, in desensitizing fear of heart attacks

Certain phobic responses are triggered by combinations of exteroceptive and interoceptive stimuli. The latter should be included in the deconditionary operations. We successfully desensitized a cardiac neurosis by using imaginal stimuli and the graded induction of the feared physical sensations of breathlessness, heart pounding pains in the chest and left arm, etc. The physical procedures for duplicating these interoceptive cues are described.
The Auxiliary Subunit KChIP2 Is an Essential Regulator of Homeostatic Excitability

The somatodendritic IA (A-type) K+ current underlies neuronal excitability, and loss of IA has been associated with the development of epilepsy. Whether any one of the four auxiliary potassium channel interacting proteins (KChIPs), KChIP1–KChIP4, in specific neuronal populations is critical for IA is not known. Here we show that KChIP2, which is abundantly expressed in hippocampal pyramidal cells, is essential for IA regulation in hippocampal neurons and that deletion of Kchip2 affects susceptibility to limbic seizures. The specific effects of Kchip2 deletion on IA recorded from isolated hippocampal pyramidal neurons were a reduction in amplitude and shift in the V½ for steady-state inactivation to hyperpolarized potentials when compared with WT neurons. Consistent with the relative loss of IA, hippocampal neurons from Kchip2−/− mice showed increased excitability. WT cultured neurons fired only occasional single action potentials, but the average spontaneous firing rate (spikes/s) was almost 10-fold greater in Kchip2−/− neurons. In slice preparations, spontaneous firing was detected in CA1 pyramidal neurons from Kchip2−/− mice but not from WT. Additionally, when seizures were induced by kindling, the number of stimulations required to evoke an initial class 4 or 5 seizure was decreased, and the average duration of electrographic seizures was longer in Kchip2−/− mice compared with WT controls. Together, these data demonstrate that the KChIP2 is essential for physiologic IA modulation and homeostatic stability and that there is a lack of functional redundancy among the different KChIPs in hippocampal neurons.
Synthesis, structure, and redox properties of the sulfido bridged tetranuclear cluster complex [(Ph3P)2N][Fe3(CO)9{μ3-SFeCp(CO)2}]

Abstract Reaction of [CpFe(CO) 2 THF]BF 4 with [(Ph 3 P) 2 N] 2 [Fe 3 (CO) 9 (μ 3 -S)] ( 1 ) produces the new cluster [(Ph 3 P) 2 N][Fe 3 (CO) 9 {μ 3 -SFeCp(CO) 2 }] ( 2 ), which consists of a Fe 3 (CO) 9 S fragment coordinated to the iron atom of CpFe(CO) 2 . Compound 2 was characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR, mass spectroscopy, elemental analysis, cyclic voltammetry, and single crystal X-ray structure determination. Compound 2 undergoes a quasi reversible oxidation at 0.19 V versus Ag ∣ AgCl. Chemical oxidation of 2 by tropylium produces the known cluster Fe 3 (CO) 9 (μ 3 -S) 2 . Thermolysis of 2 yields the known compounds [CpFe(CO) 2 ] 2 , [(Ph 3 P) 2 N] 2 [Fe 3 (CO) 9 (μ 3 -S)], and [(Ph 3 P) 2 N] 2 [Fe 5 (CO) 14 (μ 3 -S) 2 ] ( 3 ), which were identified by IR and mass spectrometry.
Evaluation of hormonal testing in the screening for in vitro fertilization (IVF) of women with tubal factor infertility.

To evaluate the frequency of abnormal prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) test results in ovulatory women with tubal factor infertility who were screened for in vitrofertilization (IVF). Charts were identified from 112 ovulatory women with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) 4 ng/ml, or endometrial biopsy revealing secretory endometrium. Results of cycle day 3 serum TSH and prolactin concentrations were recorded. The normal range for each test reflects the geometric mean ±2 standard deviations (i.e., 95% interval), as obtained from the reference laboratory. Under this construct, hypothesis tests were performed to determine whether or not our study population was consistent with the reference range of normal hormone levels. Under the null hypothesis (normal levels), we expected 5% of the TSH tests to be abnormal (i.e., high or low levels), and 2.5% of the prolactin tests to be abnormal (i.e., high levels). Exact bionomial confidence intervals and P-values were calculated. We also tested for age trend in the proportion of abnormal results. Study subjects had an age range of 25–43. In the study group, 4 (0.041) out of the 98 women screened had abnormal TSH levels. Of these four abnormal TSH results, three were elevated (i.e., TSH> 4.6 ΜIU/ml) and one was low (i.e., TSH <0.6 ΜIU/ml). The frequency of an abnormal TSH value was not significantly different from that expected from the reference laboratory normal values (95% CI 0.011, 0.101). Of the 98 subjects, 7 (0.071) had abnormal prolactin levels, which was significantly different from that expected from the reference laboratory normal values (95% CI 0.029, 0.142;P=0.023). When stratified by age, there was no observed trend of abnormalities for TSH or prolactin levels with increasing age. In ovulatory women presenting for IVF with tubal factor infertility, our results show that routine screening with a TSH test does not yield a significantly higher proportion of abnormal results than that expected from the reference laboratory normal values. However, prolactin level screening was found to yield a higher incidence of abnormal tests than expected from the reference laboratory normal values.
Electrochemical gating on CMOS: Interplay of field, acidity and salinity on an electrolyte-insulator interface

When an insulator-covered electrode is biased in an electrolyte, the emanating field imparts control over the electrical double layer at the interface. This field not only influences the electrochemical potential of ions within a Debye length, but also perturbs the insulator surface charge, the proton binding affinity, adsorption equilibrium and the net charge within the double layer. The interplay between the applied electric field and the chemical equilibrium at the interface is termed as electrochemical gating [1]. Ion sensitive transistors (ISFET) [2] use a similar principle to detect charges in solution via the exposed gate dielectric. The combined effects from acidity, field and salinity at such interfaces have not been well characterized against physical models. We find that proton binding to surface groups is affected by the oxide field and salinity, which together sets the surface potential ψ0. We present a 2-pK surface reaction model that provides a consistent explanation on the combined effects. We further demonstrate electrochemical gating integrated on a commercial CMOS platform with floating gate transistors. This provides a simultaneous capability of sensing and actuation.
Combined use of microreflexes and event-related brain potentials as measures of auditory selective attention.

Two versions of a selective listening experiment were conducted in an attempt to specify the level of the nervous system at which selective attention first influences auditory information processing. Post-auricular reflexes (PARs), preputse inhibition of reflexes, and the N1 component of the event-related potential (ERP) were measured concurrently to assess auditory processing in the hindbrain. midbrain. and forebrain. respectively. Sequences of intense, reflex-eliciting tones were presented to the two ears in random order and at a rapid rate as subjects listened to a designated ear to detect rare tones of slightly lower intensity. The ERPs showed the typical enhancement of early and late negativity (Nd) to attended car tunes, with the early Nd overlapping the evoked N1 component. Although there was an overall effect of attention direction on the efferent limb of the post-auricular reflex, no effect of selective attention on the afferent limb was observed. A selective sensory attentional effect was found for prepulse inhibition of the post-auricular reflex: Inhibition of PAR amplitude was enhanced when the immediately preceding tone was in the attended ear relative to when it was in the unattended ear. These results, together with findings from prior studies of reflexes and ERPs. indicate that evoked auditorv activity in the lower brainstem is obligatory and invariant with attention, whereas later activity mediated in the upper brainstem can be modulated by attention.
Ciprofloxacin desensitization in a patient with cystic fibrosis

1. Tovey ER, Chapman MD, Platts-Mills TAE. The distribution of house dust mite allergen in the houses of patients with asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1981;124:630-5. 2. Bischoff ERC, Fischer A, Liebenberg B. Assessment of mite numbers: new methods and results. Exp Applied Acarol 1992;16:1-14. 3. Luczynska CL, Karla-Arrauda L, Platts-Mills TAE, Miller JD, Lopez M, Chapman MD. A two-site monoclonal antibody ELISA for the quantification of the major DermatoLantner 1001
Maintenance Human Factors: Introduction to the Special Issue

Maintenance operations are critical to the reliability and safety of the airline industry. Yet maintenance is one of the largest costs facing airlines, and maintenance errors are a major cause of f...
Energy and the Making of Modern California

James C Williams has written the definitive history of energy development and use in the Golden State. From the fuelwood that warmed its early settlers to the nuclear power plants that run the air-conditioners of its citizens today, California has shaped itself by tapping available energy resources, in the process coming to learn the capacity and constraints of technology as it affects the environment. Always a land apart, California has also become an early model for the United States and other countries in its voracious consumption of energy and its enlightened concern for the natural world. With its rich diversity of resources and its comfortable climate, California has attracted a steady stream of immigrants. As the population increased, so did its appetite for energy. A variety of resources -- coal and oil, wind and solar heat, the fall of waters swollen by snowmelt -- was harnessed to satisfy the growing needs of farmers and manufacturers and the ordinary inhabitants of small towns and sprawling cities. Technological progress in energy development was essential to the good life that drew people to California in the first place. But exploitation of those natural resources also made many Californians more aware of their environment. This book illuminates the forces that formed the state's culture and economy through the interplay of technology, population growth, human values, and the environment. With impeccable scholarship and vivid abundance of detail, James C Williams shows how California's complex and versatile environment constantly challenged technological inventiveness, making the state's experience with energy a rich case study that clarifies our rising concerns about how we live with the earth we live on.
Low-complexity sinusoidal component selection using loudness patterns

Sinusoidal modeling of audio at low-bit rates involves selecting a limited number of parameters according to a quantitative or perceptual criterion. Most perceptual sinusoidal component selection strategies are computationally intensive and not suitable for real-time applications. In this paper, a computationally efficient sinusoidal selection algorithm based on a novel hybrid loudness estimation scheme is presented. The hybrid scheme first estimates efficiently the loudness of a multi-tone signal from the loudness patterns of its constituent sinusoidal components. Then it refines this estimate by performing a full evaluation of loudness but only in select critical bands. Experimental results show that the proposed technique maintains a low perceptual sinusoidal synthesis error at a much lower computational complexity.
Vestibular responses in wernicke's encephalopathy

Two patients with Wernicke's encephalopathy were evaluated with quantitative vestibulo-ocular reflex and ocular motor testing. Vestibulo-ocular reflex testing included caloric irrigation, earth vertical axis rotational sinusoids, and rotational impulses. Both patients demonstrated hypoactive vestibular responses to both caloric and rotational stimuli at the time of presentation. One patient had unbeating nystagmus that diminished with upgaze, downgaze, or convergence. Following treatment with thiamine, both patients' vestibular responses improved but remained abnormal, with a short vestibulo-ocular reflex time constant and increased low-frequency rotational phase lead. Impairment of the velocity storage element attributable to damage to the vestibular nucleus and nucleus prepositus hypoglossi may account for this permanent effect on the vestibulo-ocular reflex.
A New Stomatolepas Barnacle Species (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha: Coronuloidea) from Leatherback Sea Turtles

A new species of the commensal barnacle genus Stomatolepas has been collected from leatherback turtles in the southern Atlantic Ocean. It is described here as S. pilsbryi n. sp. and compared to its congeners S. elegans (Costa, 1838) and S. praegustator Pilsbry, 1910. A neotype is also designated for S. elegans.
The conceptualization of meaning in illness

The focus of this paper is the development of a conceptualization of meaning within the context of serious illness. It is based on a symbolic interactionist perspective, with the significance of the concept of meaning for the process of adaptation being a primary point of discussion. Meaning, as it is defined here, refers to the perceived nature of the relationship between the individual and his/her world that is developed within the context of specific events. It is comprised of two inextricably linked dimensions: meaning that pertains to one's identity and how that is affected by the event of the illness, and meaning which pertains to perceived characteristics of the event and to the social circumstances that surround it. Interviews with 38 persons living with the stress of cancer provide qualitative data that illustrate the concept as it is set forth in this paper. Four specific domains relevant to symbolic interactionism were explored in these interviews: (1) the individual's response to the illness; (2) changes that occurred relative to identify as a consequence of the illness; (3) the impact of cancer on the individual's relationship to the social world; (4) anticipated effects of the illness on the individual's future. Clinical implications of specific aspects of meaning are discussed.
Thermal Infrared Investigations, Arbuckle Mountains, Oklahoma

Thermal-infrared images obtained on flights over the Tishomingo anticline and South Flank areas near Mill Creek in the Arbuckle Mountains, Oklahoma, were used to study the possibility of identifying some common rock types from their diagnostic reflection and emission characteristics, and to evaluate the usefulness of infrared images in structural geologic investigations. The areas flown are underlain by folded and faulted Paleozoic dolomite, limestone, sandstone, shale, and Precambrian granite. Images were obtained at 6:00 a.m., 11:00 a.m., and 2:00 p.m. The predawn (6:00 a.m.) image is the most useful in distinguishing rock types. Of particular interest is a thermal contrast of dolomite (warm) and limestone (cool), sufficient to distinguish those rock types and to reveal facies changes between them. Theoretical considerations indicate that this thermal contrast arises from a combination of albedo and thermal-inertia characteristics distinctive of dolomites and limestones in many areas. The daytime images display much stratigraphic and structural detail. Small-scale bedding detail is enhanced in the morning images of low-relief areas, and contrasts of alternating formations that form hogbacks and valleys are enhanced in the afternoon images of higher relief areas. The difference in features displayed in morning and afternoon images appears to be a function of the insolation on sunward and shadowed slopes of differing scale. Fault or fracture zones are best displayed in the predawn image; they appear cooler than surrounding ground, because of greater water content and concomitant evaporation. The abundance and throughgoing nature of lineaments (which coincide for the most part with joint systems) are more obvious in the infrared images than in aerial photographs. Lineaments striking northwest are preferentially enhanced in the morning images, and lineaments striking northeast are preferentially shown in the afternoon images. This enhancement cannot be ascribed to the effects of topography, insolation, or wind; it may relate to a combination of ground-water and vegetation effects.
Level Set Methods Applied to Modeling Detonation Shock Dynamics

We give an extension of the level set formulation of Osher and Sethian, which describes the dynamics of surfaces that propagate under the influence of their own curvature. We consider an extension of their original algorithms for finite domains that includes boundary conditions. We discuss this extension in the context of a specific application that comes from the theory of detonation shock dynamics (DSD). We give an outline of the theory of DSD which includes the formulation of the boundary conditions that comprise the engineering model. We give the formulation of the level set method, as applied to our application with finite boundary conditions. We develop a numerical method to implement arbitrarily complex 2D boundary conditions and give a few representative calculations. We also discuss the dynamics of level curve motion and point out restrictions that arise when applying boundary conditions.
Fast switch-level fault simulation using functional fault modeling

A novel switch-level fault simulation method is presented for MOS circuits that combines compiled switch-level simulation techniques with functional fault modeling. The simulator models both node stuck-at-zero, stuck-at-one faults and transistor stuck-on, stuck-open faults. During compilation the switch-level circuit components are compiled into functional models. The effect of transistor faults on the function of the circuit components is modeled by functional fault models that execute very fast during simulation. The differential fault simulation algorithm developed for gate-level circuits is adapted for use at the switch-level and is shown to perform well, although it incurs a higher overhead due to the dynamic memory properties of MOS circuits. >
Impact of intake water temperatures on reticular temperatures of lactating dairy cows.

Automatic temperature recording may allow early detection of disease, estrus, heat stress, and the onset of calving. The phase IV Cattle Temperature Monitoring System (MaGiiX Inc., Post Falls, ID) utilizes a passive bolus equipped with a temperature sensor, a stationary panel reader to query the bolus, and software to collect, analyze, and display data. One potential limitation to collection of reticular temperatures is the effect of water temperature and consumption on recorded temperatures. Two replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiments were conducted at the Purdue Dairy Research and Education Center to assess the impact of water intake on reticular temperatures using the Cattle Temperature Monitoring System. Nine high-producing, mid-lactation, second-parity cows with low somatic cell counts were selected. Before administering a water treatment, access to feed and water was restricted for at least 2 h. Baseline reticular temperatures were established from measurements before water intake. In experiment 1, treatments were 25.2 kg of hot water (34.3°C ± 1.0), warm water (18.2°C ± 0.4), or cold water (7.6°C ± 0.4). In experiment 2, treatments were 18.9 kg of body-temperature water (38.9°C ± 0.2), cold water (5.1°C ± 0.4), or control (no water). Following water intake, reticular temperatures were collected for 3 h. In experiment 1, an initial dramatic decrease in reticular temperature was observed followed by a gradual increase toward baseline. Least squares means for maximum drop in temperature were 8.5 ± 0.5, 6.9 ± 0.5, and 2.2 ± 0.5°C for cold, warm, and hot water treatments, respectively. Yet at 3 h, reticular temperatures did not return to the baseline. In experiment 2, control cows remained within the baseline confidence interval through the observation period, and cows receiving body temperature water experienced an initial decrease in temperature (0.4 ± 0.2°C) with a return to within the baseline confidence interval within 15 min. Cows receiving cold water did not return to within the baseline confidence interval after a large decrease of 9.2 ± 0.2°C during the 3-h observational period. Moreover, a regression analysis of continued ascent in temperatures predicted that temperatures would return to baseline within 3.5 h. These results demonstrate that, when cows consume large quantities of cold water, the effect of water intake is sizable and sustained. The value of reticular temperatures for daily monitoring in a production setting hinges largely on the implications of this impact.