cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antigenic differences between tumor-associated fetal antigens and rat histocompatibility antigens

Abstract Certain molecular properties of purified tumor-associated fetal antigens (TAFA) were analyzed by sequential immune precipitation (SIP), isoelectric focusing, and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antigenic relatedness of rat histocompatibility antigens and the various TAFA were determined by SIP. SIP of chloramine-T-labeled purified TAFA or lactoperoxidase-iodinated tumor cell membranes, in the presence of rat alloantisera and monospecific rabbit anti-TAFA sera demonstrated no antigenic cross-reactivities or similarities between H-antigens and TAFA. TAFA were also compared with histocompatibility antigens for isoelectric point optima and molecular weight. Rat H-antigens had isoelectric points in the 7.0–8.5 pH range, whereas all TAFA focused at pH 5.0–6.5 or above pH 8.0. Molecular weights were determined by HPLC. TAFA-I and TAFA-III had molecular weights of 16,000–17,500 daltons, whereas TAFA-II had a molecular weight of 12,000. The antigens were not coprecipitated by the rat alloantisera. Each TAFA was also isolated (via immune precipitation) from NP-40-solubilized tumor cell membranes. These TAFA were identical to the chloramine-T-labeled TAFA which had been previously extracted and purified from rat fibrosarcomas and osteosarcomas. These studies demonstrated that although TAFA and H-antigens cocap on embryonic and transformed cell membranes, these determinants are different molecules; they are not covalently linked on cell membranes; and TAFA are not cleavage products of normal NBR H-antigens.
Application of solid phase direct write (SPDW) via scanning force microscopy for electrical devices and sensors

Solid phase direct-write (SPDW) patterning is a promising technique for nanoscale device fabrication. It enables the deposition of a range of materials with the precision and relatively low cost inherent in scanning force microscopy. The ability to deposit controlled 2D and 3D patterns at the nanometer scale and image them with the same instrument adds versatility to nanodevice design and fabrication. This technique works by loading an atomic force microscopy tip with a solid phase "ink" then reversing the process to write a pattern. Linewidths between 40nm and 500nm can be written, with the dimension varied by user specified parameters. To date, four materials have been successfully deposited: carbon, silicon, tungsten oxide and molybdenum oxide. This report presents an overview of SPDW and its application to the direct write fabrication of electronic devices.
Quantum dynamics of an Ising spin chain in a random transverse field

We consider an Ising spin chain in a random transverse magnetic field and compute the zero temperature wave vector and frequency dependent dynamic structure factor numerically by using Jordan-Wigner transformation. Two types of distributions of magnetic fields are introduced. For a rectangular distribution, a dispersing branch is observed, and disorder tends to broaden the dispersion peak and close the excitation gap. For a binary distribution, a nondispersing branch at almost zero energy is obtained, in addition to a dispersing branch. We discuss the relationship of our work to the neutron scattering measurement in $\mathrm{Li}\mathrm{Ho}{\mathrm{F}}_{4}$.
Motion of a single superconducting vortex.

Procedures have been developed to trap a single quantized vortex in a superconducting thin film and systematically move it around under the influence of an applied Lorentz force. The location of the vortex is determined from the diffraction pattern of a Josephson junction formed by superconducting cross strips and a normal-metal barrier; the force is applied by a current in the superconducting film. Vortices move across the junction in a reproducible series of discrete steps, typically a few micrometers long. The elementary pinning force is found to be approximately ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$ N/m in a Pb-Bi film and to vary as (1-t${)}^{3/2}$, where t is the reduced temperature. By controlling the pinning sites along a symmetry axis of the junction, one can perform rather simple read and write operations for logic elements.
Effect of ageing on amino acid turnover and rate of protein synthesis in the blowfly Phormia regina

Abstract The apparent high rate of protein synthesis in aged as compared to young blowflies is a consequence of the lower turnover rate of the precursor pool in aged flies. The rate of protein synthesis in young blowflies is higher than in aged individuals.
Who Benefits in an Insider Negotiated Block Trade

We examine insider negotiated block trades to investigate whether new active blockholders with special expertise create shareholder value. In contrast to existing studies, we find no reliable overall evidence of permanent stock price increases, operating changes, or improved net of industry profitability associated with these major control changes. Top executive turnover is extensive, but appears largely attributable to the block sellers’ actions, not the imposition of discipline by the block buyer. Results suggest initial shareholder gains anticipate takeovers, not improvements in profitability. When a takeover is not forthcoming, the gain disappears.
Relative Price Stability, Creditor Rights, and Financial Deepening

The paper provides a theoretical and cross-country empirical analysis of the determinants of financial deepening, and finds that higher credit-to-GDP ratios are associated with stronger creditor rights and lower inflation, and that the marginal effect of improvements in creditor rights protection is declining as the rate of inflation increases. The analysis suggests that in a high inflation environment, controlling inflation and reducing macroeconomic volatility should be given priority. Once these goals are achieved, the focus of attention should shift to creditor rights protection and credit information management.
Trends in long-period seismicity related to magmatic fluid compositions

Abstract Sound speeds and densities are calculated for three different types of fluids: gas–gas mixture; ash–gas mixture; and bubbly liquid. These fluid properties are used to calculate the impedance contrast ( Z ) and crack stiffness ( C ) in the fluid-driven crack model (Chouet: J. Geophys. Res., 91 (1986) 13,967; 101 (1988) 4375; A seismic model for the source of long-period events and harmonic tremor. In: Gasparini, P., Scarpa, R., Aki, K. (Eds.), Volcanic Seismology, IAVCEI Proceedings in Volcanology, Springer, Berlin, 3133). The fluid-driven crack model describes the far-field spectra of long-period (LP) events as modes of resonance of the crack. Results from our calculations demonstrate that ash-laden gas mixtures have fluid to solid density ratios comparable to, and fluid to solid velocity ratios lower than bubbly liquids (gas-volume fractions Spectral characteristics are described in terms of the quality factor Q −1 . Q −1 is measured by the ratio of the frequency of the dominant spectral peak to the bandwidth of the peak measured at one half of its amplitude. This factor expresses the losses of energy due to elastic radiation Q r −1 and other dissipative mechanisms Q i −1 at the source, Q −1 = Q r −1 + Q i −1 . Spectra for LP events recorded at active volcanoes such as Galeras in Colombia and Kilauea in Hawaii, have Q −1 factors in the range of 0.1–0.002. The Q r −1 factors due to radiation loss calculated for a sphere filled with a H 2 O–CO 2 or H 2 O–SO 2 gas mixture, vary between 0.0015 and 0.0040 with a change in wt% H 2 O at 800–1600 K and 10–50 MPa. For gas-rich mixtures, Q r −1 has a strong dependence on resonator geometry (spherical versus rectangular). The spectra from a resonating sphere filled with gas-rich mixture yields values of Q r −1 an order of magnitude smaller than those from a rectangular crack. For a resonating crack filled with an ash–gas mixture (or pseudogas), Q r −1 varies parabolically from ∼0.006 for an ash-rich mixture, to 0.0015 or 0.0023 for a H 2 O-rich or CO 2 -rich mixture at 800 K and 25 MPa. For low ( Q r −1 are independent of crack geometry. Spectra associated with a foam (gas-volume fractions 10–90%) or bubbly basalt (gas-volume fractions Q r −1 on the order of 0.01 and 0.1, respectively. The spectra from a resonating sphere filled with a foam containing >20% gas-volume fraction yields values of Q r −1 similar to those for a rectangular crack. As with gas–gas and ash–gas mixtures, an increase in mass fraction narrows the bandwidth of the dominant mode and shifts the spectra to lower frequencies. Including energy losses due to dissipative processes in a bubbly liquid increases attenuation. Attenuation may also be higher in ash–gas mixtures and foams if the effects of momentum and mass transfer between the phases were considered in the calculations.
Persisting Problems with Operationalizing Dual-Career Couples: A Proposal to Use the Term Dual-Income Couples

For decades, published articles regarding employed couples have used inconsistent terminology and loosely defined terms, thus hindering the comparability of findings. Articles drawing attention to this problem have been published, as long as 25 years ago. The first purpose of the current study is to see if these inconsistencies with terminology and definitions still exist in the literature by using content analysis. The second purpose of the current study involves seeing if dual-career couples can be consistently categorized as such. A sample of couples was recruited and three common operationalizations of a career were used to classify the participants as having a career or a job. This study verifies that inconsistencies still exist with the terminology being used and in determining which couples are members of dual-career couples. Most couples were not consistently categorized as dual career. I propose abandoning the practice of using the term “dual-career couple” and instead to use the more inclusive t...
Wearable Sensing Framework for Human Activity Monitoring

Wearable computation is getting integrated into our daily life day by day. In this work, we propose a generic framework to continuously monitor users' daily activities. The framework proposes light computation tasks on the wearable device to reduce the amount of data communicated between the wearable, and its host. A 9-axis wristbands are being used to collect user's activities. The collected signals are subject to light weight preprocessing and segmentation on the wearable device prior sending to the host, were it goes through activity detection algorithms. In this paper, we elaborate the feasibility of the proposed framework thru presenting two case studies.
Optimal Control of PEV Charging Based on Residential Base Load Prediction

Due to the characteristics of electric power generation, transmission and distribution in the U.S., experts have identified local distribution as a likely component of the chain to be adversely affected by unregulated PEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle/Electric Vehicle) charging. This paper studied the optimal control of PEV charging considering the loss of life of residential distribution transformer based on the prediction of residential base load. The prediction was studied using an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model. A dynamic thermal model was used for prediction of the transformer hot-spot temperature with the information on power load and ambient temperature. The loss of life model including the dynamic thermal model was integrated into the optimization problem. The objective of the optimal control is to minimize the loss of life of transformer. Finally, a genetic algorithm (GA) was used for searching the optimal solution of PEV charging based on the predicted base load.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Sustainable Soil Particle Size Characterization Through Image Analysis

A rapid, clean, low-energy, image-based method for determining the grain size distribution of soils by image analysis has been developed. The method is called Sediment Imaging or “Sedimaging”. It develops the grain size distribution for particles in the range between a U.S. Standard Sieve No. 10 (2.0 mm openings) and U.S. Standard Sieve No. 200 (0.075 mm openings) range. The system utilizes a high resolution Nikon D7000 digital single lens reflex camera and image processing software developed specifically for interpreting the images and producing the resulting grain size distribution. The Sedimaging system is more sustainable and environmentally friendly than traditional sieving by virtue of its far lower power needs, less water consumption, longer equipment life and less maintenance. From the environmental and health perspectives, Sedimaging is less noisy, generates no vibrations and produces no airborne particulates. Sedimaging is also significantly faster than sieving and produces thousands of data points compared to typically 8 by sieving; it also automatically computes grain size distribution metrics such as the coefficients of uniformity and gradation.
High-speed Signal Reconstruction for Compressive Sensing Applications

Compressive sensing (CS) is an emerging technique that has great significance to the design of resource-constrained embedded signal processing systems. However, signal reconstruction remains a challenging problem due to its high computational complexity, which limits the practical application of compressive sensing. In this paper, we propose an algorithmic transformation referred to as Matrix Inversion Bypass (MIB) to reduce the computational complexity of Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) based signal reconstruction. The proposed MIB transform naturally leads to a parallel architecture for dedicated high-speed hardware implementations. Furthermore, by applying the proposed MIB transform, the energy consumption of signal reconstruction can be reduced as well. This is vital to many embedded signal processing systems that are powered by batteries or renewable energy sources. Simulation results of a wireless video monitoring system demonstrate the advantages of the proposed technique over the conventional OMP-based technique in improving the speed, energy efficiency, and performance of signal reconstruction.
The potential contributions of translational research and ethics.

Jane Maienschein and her colleagues (2008) have helpfully raised the issue of the ethos and ethics of translational research. Recent interest in translational research stems from a desire to accele...
The science and fiction of the "resurgence" of pertussis.

During the last 2 decades an increase of reported pertussis has been noted in the United States and other countries in which infants and children are universally immunized.1–3 Presently, this “resurgence” of pertussis is presented with alarm in frequent newspaper headlines from many geographic areas throughout the United States. Reported pertussis in the United States in the prevaccine and vaccine eras is presented in Fig 1, and the age distribution of pertussis cases in a prevaccine period and 2 periods in the vaccine era are presented in Table 1. As can be seen (Fig 1), the “resurgence” is modest when the big picture is observed. The data in Table 1 note that in the prevaccine era 95% of the reported cases were in children 6-fold higher than in the prevaccine era. Finally … Reprint requests to (J.D.C.) Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, 22-442 MDCC, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752. E-mail: jcherry{at}mednet.ucla.edu
Hakka cultural roots: Metalinguistic awareness and practice principles

Through examining the Hakka cultural heritage, the author describes a specific Chinese ethnic group – ‘global Hakka’ – based on its unique Hakka multifaceted languages. These ‘guest’ immigrants integrate their culture and languages into the host province in China or host country outside of China. They seek cultural permanency through active participation in learning a new language or another Chinese dialect for cultural adjustment. Through learning from these clients’ strong adjustment abilities, social workers can practice metalinguistic awareness skills with the application of 10 principles by means of self-evaluation and reflection around their clients’ linguistic learning motivation.
EXAFS STUDIES ON THE REDUCTION OF Pd(II) IN X ZEOLITES

Palladium tetraammine ion exchange into zeolite, temperature treatments under different atmospheres, and hydrogen reduction have been studied by EXAFS at the Pd K edge. Complete autoreduction is found to take place between 473 and 623 K under vacuum. A bidisperse Pd metal phase is formed which agglomerates at the expense of the small particles upon prolonged heating at 623 K. In contrast, a similar treatment under oxygen suppresses autoreduction, and the Pd cations remain in zeolite coordination sites. Additional small amounts of palladium oxide are observed under these conditions. If hydrogen is admitted to the dehydrated, ionic system at 295 K, the oxygen coordination of the Pd disappears and evidence is obtained for the formation of Pd(0) dimers that interact with the framework via a long Pd-0 bond.
HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and prophylactic therapy for opportunistic infections have increased survival. Adverse effects of HAART include lipid profile alterations, diabetes mellitus, and fat redistribution. These metabolic and physical changes are called the HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome. A link to protease inhibitors has been suggested, and more recently to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and factors related to duration of HIV-1 infection itself.
Seed development in peas: knowing your three ‘r's’ (or four, or five)

The value of the garden pea (Pisum sativum) both as an experimental tool and food crop has led to an accumulated wealth of genetic variation. This paper describes how some of the variation may be harnessed for studying seed development. One can identify genotypic differences for maternal, embryonic and cellular components and the interaction between them. The impact of these components on processes such as cell division, partitioning and the deposition of storage products can then be assessed by utilizing new techniques such as immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization.The rugosus loci, which induce wrinkling of the seed, are examples of how major genes can be exploited to dissect seed development. Alleles at one of these loci, r, have been defined at both the molecular and biochemical levels. A much clearer picture can now be drawn of the pleiotropic nature of the genes, from their effects on starch composition to those on cellular development, which has implications for seed development in many species. The rugosus loci are the only ones known to affect seed development in peas. By analogy with cereal seeds, however, one would anticipate other mutants in the starch pathway which also affect the shape of the seed. Here, we report the induction of new rugosus-like mutants, compare them to starch mutants in other species and examine the ways in which they may help our understanding of starch biosynthesis and the regulation of seed development.
The effect of confinement on thermal frontal polymerization

In thermal frontal polymerization, the interplay between heat diffusion and Arrhenius type reaction kinetics gives rise to a propagating reactive front that is effectively sustained through a system positive feedback mechanism. We seek to understand how spatial confinement affects the system dynamics and overall polymerization kinetics. We find that with increasing confinement of the system, the front propagation velocity decreases and the nearly “parabolic” front profile flattens out. While in bulk or unconfined systems the convective heat and mass transfer effects are responsible for higher heat generation rates and higher temperature gradients, leading to faster front propagation, the convection is significantly suppressed in highly confined systems. Consequently, a smaller number of radicals are generated, resulting in a slower propagation step and long polymer chains.
Population biology of Gnathophausia longispina (mysidacea: Lophogastrida) from a central north pacific seamount

Large numbers of the lophogastrid mysid Gnathophausia longispina were discovered in 1984 over Southeast Hancock Seamount on the northern Hawaiian Ridge. Additional specimens were collected from the same area during subsequent surveys in 1985, 1987, and 1988 to obtain new information on the life history of this species. Estimates of growth suggest that G. longispina reaches sexual maturity by its second year. Young are brooded by the female for nearly a year and released in late winter-early spring. It is doubtful if G. longispina live longer than 2 yr or produce more than one brood. Most G. longispina are found within 100m above the seamount summit. The modal progression of size classes over time indicates that this species is dependent on local processes rather than recruitment from other areas to maintain its populations at the seamount.
Edible Coatings from Candelilla Wax Microemulsions

Candelilla wax coatings with good gloss were made. The gloss of coatings from ammonia-based microemulsions was improved by addition of gelatin or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, which also decreased oxygen permeability and decreased water vapor permeability. As coatings on grapefruit, candelilla wax with up to 25% gelatin was usable; much higher gelatin content resulted in anaerobic fermentation. Candelilla coatings with good gloss were also made from morpholine-based wax microemulsions with minimal oleic acid content.
Intracortical hemangioma: A case report with imaging and pathologic findings

Intracortical hemangioma is an extremely uncommon primary bone tumor; only 11 cases have been reported in the English literature. We report a case of right tibial intracortical hemangioma with pathologic and imaging findings, including plain radiograph, MRI, and whole-body bone-scan images.
Practical Substitution for the Indole, Methyl Red, Voges-Proskauer, Citrate System

A substitution for the indole, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, citrate system is proposed. The scheme employs indole and ampicillin susceptibility tests routinely and uses selectively three other media for six reactions.
Characteristics of plasma flows at the inner edge of the plasma sheet

[1] All known types of auroral zone magnetic activity are associated with closure of open magnetic flux in the magnetotail. As closure is caused by magnetic reconnection we expect to observe fast flows during geomagnetic activity. We have scanned the ion flow data during the first pass of the THEMIS D spacecraft through the tail (December 2007 to May 2008), identifying all flows with ∣V⊥x∣ > 150 km/s. These flows generally occur in a sequence of several short bursts (bursty bulk flows). Earthward flows are much more common than tailward flows and are faster than tailward flows. Earthward flows have a longer duration; tailward flows are seen alone or after an earthward flow. Both directions of flow are associated with an increase in tail Bz (dipolarization). Fast flows in either direction are rarely seen inside of 9 RE. Earthward flows are strongly localized in the local time sector 2100–0100 and have a probability distribution identical to that seen in auroral substorm expansions by the IMAGE spacecraft. Tailward flows are also localized but with a peak shifted to 2330 LT. Very close to midnight the flows are slowed and reflected. At other local times they appear to be deflected around the Earth. Fast flows often follow a reduction in Es (GSM VBs) and occur close to the time of a sudden decrease in the AL index. Generally, the first flow burst in a sequence is most closely associated with the AL onset, and its peak follows the AL onset by about 2 min. The probability of observing a fast flow at THEMIS D during steady magnetospheric convection (SMC) events is quite low compared with the probability during an interval before the SMC. Since most of the fast flows carry magnetic flux earthward and are associated with substorm onset seen in the aurora by IMAGE and in the AL index, we interpret them as evidence that magnetic reconnection has occurred in the tail. Near 30 RE in the tail plasmoid ejection has also been associated with substorm onset, so we conclude that the fast flows are created by a new X line formed outside the 11.9 apogee of THEMIS D some time earlier than they are seen at THEMIS D. During SMC it appears that fast flows due to reconnection are deflected around the Earth outside the apogee of the satellite.
NBS Standard Reference Materials for Food Analysis

In recent years, the chemical composition of foods has received increased national attention. Foods are being scrutinized by scientists in the food industry, government agencies, professional societies, and academic institutions. One of the more important aims in nutrition is to determine the effects of food nutrients on health and disease.
Alignment Distance in Path Control

In this paper we discuss alignment distance for measuring path deviation between curves. We compare properties of the alignment distance to both p-norms and the Haus-dorff distance to argue its superiority for use in path following problems. While problems of finding an optimal parameterization of a fixed input curve to a tracking system are not new, typical formulations focus on parameterizations that minimize transversal time while respecting certain system constraints; on-line governors can then be employed that choose a path velocity in real time, trading off computational complexity and time-optimality. By explicitly characterizing the error measure implicit in path control problems, we revisit the off-line, open loop parameterization problem to explore the inherit tradeoffs between command shape, command parameterization, and system dynamics. The utility of the alignment distance as a tool for elucidating these fundamental tradeoffs is demonstrated on a simple PD-controlled mass system.
ETD Management and Publishing in the ProQuest System and the University Repository: A Comparative Analysis

INTRODUCTION This study compares the two most popular electronic theses and dissertation (ETD) management systems used in the American higher education community today: the commercial ProQuest dissertation publishing system and the university repository. METHODS Characteristics of these systems are identified and categorized to determine the features, functions, and policies common to both, and those that uniquely characterize one or the other system. Performing such a head-to-head comparison provides valuable information and insights to decision makers responsible for managing or overhauling their university’s ETD program. RESULTS Comparison of characteristics shows the ProQuest system and the University Repository both provide functional solutions for submitting, storing, disseminating, and archiving ETD’s using digital technology. Yet each system also has unique characteristics that distinguish it from the other. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION The authors conclude that there is no single ‘best’ system for ETD management overall. Rather, it is up to decision makers at each institution to choose an approach that best fits their university’s values, goals, and needs. Additionally, the authors point out the need for a single portal for ETDs that allows for search and discovery of these unique works of scholarship wherever the full text resides. Future investigation into possible solutions for such an ETD portal would be a boon not only to universities and ETD authors, but to the diverse researchers, students, professionals, and interested citizenry who could benefit from easier access to this growing corpus of knowledge.
Milk Fat Globule Epidermal Growth Factor VIII Signaling in Arterial Wall Remodeling

Arterial inflammation and remodeling, important sequellae of advancing age, are linked to the pathogenesis of age-associated arterial diseases e.g. hypertension, atherosclerosis, and metabolic disorders. Recently, high-throughput proteomic screening has identified milk fat globule epidermal growth factor VIII (MFG-E8) as a novel local biomarker for aging arterial walls. Additional studies have shown that MFG-E8 is also an element of the arterial inflammatory signaling network. The transcription, translation, and signaling levels of MFG-E8 are increased in aged, atherosclerotic, hypertensive, and diabetic arterial walls in vivo as well as activated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and a subset of macrophages in vitro. In VSMC, MFG-E8 increases proliferation and invasion as well as the secretion of inflammatory molecules. In endothelial cells (EC), MFG-E8 facilitates apoptosis. In addition, MFG-E8 has been found to be an essential component of the endothelial-derived microparticles that relay biosignals and modulate arterial wall phenotypes. This review mainly focuses upon the landscape of MFG-E8 expression and signaling in adverse arterial remodeling. Recent discoveries have suggested that MFG-E8 associated interventions are novel approaches for the retardation of the enhanced rates of VSMC proliferation and EC apoptosis that accompany arterial wall inflammation and remodeling during aging and age-associated arterial disease.
Notes on Shuffle/Exchange-Type Switching Networks

In this paper a number of properties of Shuffle/Exchange networks are analyzed. A set of algebraic tools is developed and is used to prove that Lawrie's inverse Omega network, Pease's indirect binary n-cube array, and a network related to the 3-stage rearrangeable switching network studied by Clos and Benes have identical switching capabilities. The approach used leads to a number of insights on the structure of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. The inherent permuting power, or "universality," of the networks when used iteratively is then probed, leading to some nonintuitive results which have implications on the optimal control of Shuffle/Exchange-type networks for realizing permutations and broadcast connections.
Corporate Profit Tax, Capital Mobility, and Formula Apportionment

Abstract The paper develops an analytical framework in which regional governments strategically determine the structure of the corporate profit tax system when an apportionment formula determines the proportion of the firms' income subject to regional taxation. The conclusions can be summarized as follows: (i) Regional governments subsidize capital through the corporate tax system. (ii) Tax rates become higher and the portion of capital costs that can be deducted from taxable income becomes smaller as the formula weighs more production shares. (iii) The regionally provided good may be below or above the efficient level. (iv) The extent of the distortion depends on the particular formula put into practice. (v) Regional governments strictly prefer a formula that exclusively weighs the production proportion to any other alternative.
Role socialization theory: The sociopolitical realities of teaching physical education

Much has been learned about the socialization of physical education (PE) teachers using occupational socialization theory (OST). However, important to understanding any socialization process is explaining how the roles that individuals play are socially constructed and contextually bound. OST falls short of providing a comprehensive overview of how the role of the PE teacher is defined and negotiated within schools. The purpose of this paper is to present role socialization theory as a new approach to understanding teacher socialization that integrates elements of OST and role theory. Role socialization seeks to explore: (a) the ways in which the occupational role of the PE teacher is socially constructed and contextually bound in a school setting; (b) how individuals are attracted to, prepared for, and socialized into PE teaching and coaching roles; and (c) how socialization influences the ways in which role-sets view the role of the PE teacher as a member of the school community.
Differential Item Functioning Analysis Using a Mixture 3-Parameter Logistic Model with a Covariate on the TIMSS 2007 Mathematics Test.

The purpose of this study was to explore what may be contributing to differences in performance in mathematics on the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study 2007. This was done by using a mixture item response theory modeling approach to first detect latent classes in the data and then to examine differences in performance on items taken by examinees in the different latent classes. An exploratory mixture 3-Parameter Logistic model analysis detected two latent groups in the data. The model considered in this study used internet access as a covariate to illustrate the effect of the covariate on latent class membership.
Nucleocapsid-RNA Interactions Are Essential to Structural Stability but Not to Assembly of Retroviruses

The process of RNA incorporation into nascent virions is thought to be critical for efficient retroviral particle assembly and production. Here we show that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutant particles (which are highly unstable and break down soon after release from the cell) lacking nucleocapsid (NC) core protein-mediated RNA incorporation are produced efficiently and can be recovered at the normal density when viral protease function is abolished. These results demonstrate that RNA binding by Gag is not necessary for retroviral particle assembly. Rather, the RNA interaction with NC is critical for retroviral particle structural stability subsequent to release from the membrane and protease-mediated Gag cleavage. Thus, the NC-RNA interaction, and not simply the presence of RNA, provides the virus with a structural function that is critical for stable retroviral particle architecture.
The design and performance of a real-time CORBA event service

The CORBA Event Service provides a flexible model for asynchronous communication among objects. However, the standard CORBA Event Service specification lacks important features required by real-time applications. For instance, operational flight programs for fighter aircraft have complex real-time processing requirements. This paper describes the design and performance of an object-oriented, real-time implementation of the GORBA Event Service that is designed to meet these requirements.This paper makes three contributions to the design and performance measurement of object-oriented real-time systems. First, it illustrates how to extend the CORBA Event Service so that it is suitable for real-time systems. These extensions support periodic rate-based event processing and efficient event filtering and correlation. Second, it describes how to develop object-oriented event dispatching and scheduling mechanisms that can provide real-time guarantees. Finally, the paper presents benchmarks that demonstrate the performance tradeoffs of alternative concurrent dispatching mechanisms for real-time Event Services.
Human Trafficking in Western Europe: A Comparative Public Opinion Study of Fifteen Nations

Academic interest in human trafficking has been surging in the past decade. Empirical studies of the problem are still scarce and non-systematic. In the present manuscript, I explore public opinion about human trafficking in 15 West European democracies, which, for the most part, are final destinations for the trafficking victims. How aware of the issue are the publics of these countries? How concerned are they? What are the sources of their anxiety about human trafficking? I attempt to answer these questions by investigating individual- and system-level factors that could drive public concerns. The findings suggest that attitudes towards immigration and gender play a significant role for individual sentiments about trade in persons. Among national variables, a country’s wealth and certain legislative efforts to combat human trafficking explain some variation in the dependent variable.
Collagen Scaffolds in Bone Sialoprotein-Mediated Bone Regeneration

Decades of research in bioengineering have resulted in the development of many types of 3-dimentional (3D) scaffolds for use as drug delivery systems (DDS) and for tissue regeneration. Scaffolds may be comprised of different natural fibers and synthetic polymers as well as ceramics in order to exert the most beneficial attributes including biocompatibility, biodegradability, structural integrity, cell infiltration and attachment, and neovascularization. Type I collagen scaffolds meet most of these criteria. In addition, type I collagen binds integrins through RGD and non-RGD sites which facilitates cell migration, attachment, and proliferation. Type I collagen scaffolds can be used for bone tissue repair when they are coated with osteogenic proteins such as bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and bone sialoprotein (BSP). BSP, a small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING), has osteogenic properties and plays an essential role in bone formation. BSP also mediates mineral deposition, binds type I collagen with high affinity, and binds αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins which mediate cell signaling. This paper reviews the emerging evidence demonstrating the efficacy of BSP-collagen scaffolds in bone regeneration.
CLINICAL UTILITY OF THE J-CTO SCORE IN CORONARY CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSION INTERVENTIONS: RESULTS FROM A MULTICENTER REGISTRY

We sought to validate the clinical utility of the J-CTO score in chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The records of 650 patients who underwent CTO PCI using the “hybrid” approach at six experienced CTO PCI centers were reviewed. Baseline characteristics and
Impact of compressibility on mixing with large-scale streamwise vortices

The impact of compressibility on the mixing associated with large-scale streamwise vortices is described using the results of a series of experiments and modelling efforts. In the experiments the level of streamwise circulation shed into the mixing layer and the compressibility of the mixing layer were independently controlled. The diagnostic techniques used include Mie scattering imaging, Pitot/static pressure surveys, and wall static pressure measurements. Numerical simulations from a discrete vortex model of the mixing process were used to complement the experimental measurements. Three effects of compressibility on the streamwise-vorticity enhanced mixing process are described. First, reduced shear layer growth rates associated with high convective Mach number give the streamwise vorticity more time to stretch the interface between the two streams, and hence, the vorticity is more effective in enhancing mixing in compressible regimes than in incompressible ones. Second, unmatched static pressures at the trailing edge of the lobed mixers result in a displacement of the vortex sheets downstream of the trailing edge. This displacement has a subsequent impact on the development of the cross-flow interface but has little impact on the mixing rate. Third, streamwise vorticity may be generated downstream of the mixer by the interaction of trailing edge shocks and density gradients across the mixing layer. Depending on the density ratio between the streams, this vorticity generation may either enhance or reduce the mixing rate. a CP FP FM
Myocardial dysfunction in sepsis: clinical and experimental investigations.

OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical manifestations and mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction in septic shock. METHODS: Literature review of selected clinical studies and animal models. RESULTS: Depressed myocardial contractile function is a common consequence of severe infections. Bacterial factors, in conjunction with host inflammatory mediators, produce a profile of reversible cardiac dysfunction manifested by a decrease in ventricular ejection fraction, ventricular dilatation, and increased cardiac output. Global ischemia is not the major mechanism that mediates cardiac dysfunction during sepsis. Inflammatory mediators contribute to myocardial dysfunction by damaging the coronary microcirculation and contributing to myocardial edema and cardiocyte damage. However, trials of anti-inflammatory agents have not prevented or increased the rate of reversal of septic shock or improved survival. The link between nitric oxide and clinical myocardial depression remains unclear, as nonselective nitric oxide synthase inhibition does not block the development of ventricular dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Serious bacterial infections result in inflammatory injury to the heart manifested by a common profile of cardiac dysfunction. Therapy remains limited to treatment of the infection with antibiotics and supportive care, with fluid resuscitation and selective use of inotropes and vasopressors. Experimental models suggest that new anti-inflammatory strategies (e.g. tyrosine kinase inhibitors) may offer some advantages over those that target a single mediator; these agents remain to be clinically evaluated.
A Hybrid MAC for Long-Distance Mesh Network with Multi-beam Antennas

In recent years, with the development of multi-beam smart antennas (MBSA), directional mesh networks is becoming more and more popular. With the popularity of UAVs and environment surveillance applications, airborne networks (ANs) have become important platforms for wireless transmissions in the sky. In this work we propose a hybrid MAC scheme for a hierarchical airborne network, which consists of high-speed, long-link, multi-beam aircraft nodes (in the higher level) and short-distance, high-density UAVs (in the lower level). Simulation results show that compared to existing 802.11 MAC schemes, our MAC has better performance in terms of network throughput and packet delay.
Hook performance and selectivity of Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Åland Archipelago, Finland

Summary The effects of two hook-types (circle or J hook) fished with two different baits (red worms Eisenia spp., or cyprinid fishes) were examined for deep-hooking, catch rate, mean total length, and selectivity of Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis, in the Aland Archipelago, Finland. The perch population available to hook-and-line gear was sampled with multipanel gillnets, with panels ranging from 10 to 60 mm in stretched mesh diameter. The effect of each hook then was examined for each bait by conditioning the size distributions of hook-and-line catches on the size distribution of perch collected with gillnets to estimate selectivity. The proportion of deeply-hooked perch was 4.8 times greater for J hooks (0.21) than circle hooks (0.04) baited with worms and 3.7 times greater for J hooks (0.33) than circle hooks (0.09) baited with fish. Catch rates were significantly different between the two baits but not between the two hooks, with the greatest catch rate observed for the circle hook baited with worms. There was no significant difference in perch total length between the two hooks, but there was a significant difference between the two baits, with the fish bait catching significantly larger perch. Perch selection peaks between the two hooks differed by only 13.8 mm, but the selection peak with fish bait (236.4 mm TL) was 119.9 mm greater than the selection peak with the worm bait (116.5 mm TL). A substantially lesser incidence of deep hooking support the conservation benefits of circle hook use for perch, especially when catch-and-release is practiced. Using fish baits similar in size to those used in this experiment can avoid potentially harmful interactions between relatively small perch and anglers who place little importance on catch motives but whose satisfaction is still catch-dependent.
Absorption Line Spectroscopy of the Interstellar Medium

Absorption line studies of the interstellar medium are described. The discussion is in three parts. The first describes current views of diffuse interstellar clouds, while the second reports the results of recent extensive surveys of interstellar regions. The final part is an outline of possible future observations.
Modification of Escherichia coli glutamate transfer ribonucleic acid with bisulfite.

Abstract Bisulfite (2 m, pH 6, 20°) converted 6 of the 27 cytidine residues in Escherichia coli glutamate transfer RNA to uridine residues within 24 hours; no more were modified in the following 72 hours. Radioactive bisulfite and chromatographic analysis of the T1 ribonuclease digest showed that each of the 6 residues reacted to completion. Five of the 21 nonreactive cytidines are in non-hydrogen-bonded sections of the tRNA in the "cloverleaf" arrangement, leading to the conclusion that these sections are not as exposed as this arrangement might, a priori, indicate, but are buried in the three-dimensional structure existing in the modification medium. The modified tRNA (six cytidines converted to uridines) had diminished melting temperatures, an increased hyperchromicity, and a decreased retention volue on gel columns, indicating conformational changes. It also had no glutamate acceptance activity under normal assay conditions, probably as a result of the changes in conformation observed.
A New Spatial and Temporal Incremental Harmonic Balance Method for Obtaining Steady-State Responses of a One-Dimensional Continuous System

A new spatial and temporal incremental harmonic balanced (STIHB) method is developed for obtaining steady-state responses of a one-dimensional continuous system. In the STIHB method, Galerkin procedure in the spatial coordinate and the harmonic balance procedure in the temporal coordinate are combined simultaneously to obtain the spatial and temporal harmonic balanced residual, and integrations in Galerkin procedures are replaced by the fast discrete sine transform (DST) or fast discrete cosine transform (DCT) in the spatial coordinate and the fast Fouriour transform (FFT) in the temporal coordinate. The harmonic balanced residual for an arbitrary second-order PDE can be automatically and efficiently obtained by a computer program when the expression of the PDE is given. The exact Jacobian matrix for the arbitrary PDE can be automatically and efficiently obtained by following a calculation routine when the linearized expression of the PDE is given, and it can be easily implemented by a computer program. The exact Jacobian matrix can also be used to study stability of steady-state responses, where no more extra derivations are needed.