cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Applied Behavior Analysis and Behavioral Medicine: History of the Relationship and Opportunities for Renewed Collaboration

Behavioral Medicine (BM) is an interdisciplinary field concerned with the development and integration of behavioral and biomedical sciences (Schwartz & Weiss, 1978b). The interdisciplinary nature of the field poses barriers to researchers and practitioners interested in the field. While there are currently many disciplines that contribute to the field of behavioral medicine, this paper focuses exclusively on the relationships between the biological and psychological sciences, highlighting the theoretical similarities and differences. Our preliminary analysis of publications in each discipline revealed that while Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) had early influences in behavioral medicine and many behavior scientists recommend the collaboration between ABA and BM, the relationship between the two is tenuous. The roles of an applied behavior analyst and practitioner of behavioral medicine are largely the same, focused on the prevention and treatment of health conditions. These similarities provide excellent opportunity for collaborative work. The present theoretical analysis of BM examines contributions of ABA to BM and vice versa, discusses ABA’s history and current role within the field BM, and provides a rationale for the future collaboration between of behavior science and behavioral medicine.
Short pond hydroperiod decreases fitness of nonnative hybrid salamanders in California

Human-facilitated introductions of nonnative taxa have changed species’ geographic ranges and increased the prevalence of secondary contact and the potential for hybridization, with a host of effects on ecological systems. Land managers increasingly face these complex situations, tasked with developing strategies to preserve biodiversity in the face of such changes. We conducted a managementrelevant experiment to inform the development of strategies for management of wild populations. We examined the fitness consequences of genetic admixture in a hybrid swarm between native California tiger salamanders and nonnative barred tiger salamanders. Variation in hydroperiod within the hybrid zone has previously been observed to affect landscape patterns of genetic introgression, with modified permanent ponds harboring salamanders with a greater proportion of nonnative genes. Our study experimentally examines the relationship between hydroperiod and fitness of three classes of salamanders: native, nonnative and hybrid. Using experimental pond mesocosms, we implemented three pond drying regimes and recorded survival and secondary determinants of salamander fitness. Our results indicate native-genotype advantages in rapidly drying mesocosms relative to other genetic classes. Furthermore, our results indicate that management of aquatic habitat to minimize the success of hybrid individuals may be a viable strategy to reduce the spread of nonnative genotypes. Overall, our approach demonstrates how controlled experiments can be designed to provide meaningful information for the development of real-world conservation strategies.
Ethnic Identity Search and Commitment in Black and White Eighth Graders

In order to investigate the beginnings of ethnic identity formation, openended interviews on ethnic issues were carried out with 48 Black and White middle-class eighth graders from an integrated ju...
Dynamic balance control in elders: gait initiation assessment as a screening tool

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether measurements of center of gravity-center of pressure separation (CG-CP moment arm) during gait initiation can differentiate healthy from disabled subjects with sufficient specificity and sensitivity to be useful as a screening test for dynamic balance in elderly patients. SUBJECTS: Three groups of elderly subjects (age, 74.97+/-6.56 yrs): healthy elders (HE, n = 21), disabled elders (DE, n = 20), and elders with vestibular hypofunction (VH, n = 18). DESIGN: Cross-sectional, intact-groups research design. Peak CG-CP moment arm measures how far the subject will tolerate the whole-body CG to deviate from the ground reaction force's CP; it represents dynamic balance control. Screening test cutoff points at 16 to 18 cm peak CG-CP moment arm predicted group membership. RESULTS: The magnitude of peak CG-CP moment arm was significantly greater in HE than in DE and VH subjects (p<.01) and was not different between the DE and VH groups. The peak CG-CP moment arm occurred at the end of single stance phase in all groups. As a screening test, the peak moment arm has greater than 50% sensitivity and specificity to discriminate the HE group from the DE and VH groups with peak CG-CP moment arm cutoff points between 16 and 18 cm. CONCLUSIONS: Examining dynamic balance through the use of the CG-CP moment arm during single stance in gait initiation discriminates between nondisabled and disabled older persons and warrants further investigation as a potential tool to identify people with balance dysfunction.
Information Technology, Records, and State Archives

This article discusses the impact of information technology on state archival programs. It argues that the context in which these programs function is critical to understanding and directing them, maintains that the World Wide Web confers enormous benefit on state archives with little expense, finds the direction of current electronic records theory unsatisfactory, and proposes using information technology to succeed and even prosper in an era of anti-government sentiment.
International Co-Operation in Litigation

After a brief introduction (15.01), this chapter surveys procedures of international co-operation in litigation, including those relating to service of French documents abroad (15.02) and of foreign documents in France (15.07), the taking of testimony abroad (15.03) and in France (15.08), obtaining tangible evidence abroad (15.04) and in France (15.09), proof of French official records abroad (15.05) and of foreign official records in France (15.10), and proof of foreign lawin France (15.06) and of French law abroad (15.11).
Population Trends in Grassland, Shrubland, and Forest Birds in Eastern North America

There is growing evidence that many species of birds have declined throughout the eastern United States during the past 40 years. In many cases this decline involves groups of species that share the same habitat and have similar ecological requirements, indicating that there may be a few general underlying causes for these population changes rather than a unique explanation for each species. I examined the evidence for population declines in three important ecological groups: forest migrants, grassland species, and shrubland species. These three groups of relatively specialized birds include a large proportion of the songbird species in eastern North America.
Water Content and Water Activity in the Cuticle of Terrestrial Isopods

1. The water content of the cuticle of both desiccated and non-desiccated terrestrial isopods Porcellio scaber and Armadillidium vulgare was measured. The animals were desiccated for various times (up to 3 h) over silica gel and the mean water content of the cuticle was 54.0±0.78% for P. scaber and 52.7±1.11% for A. vulgare . There was no trend as regards the desiccation time, nor did the body weight affect the water content. 2. The water content of the cuticle remained virtually unchanged as long as the animal was alive in the desiccator. It dropped significantly after the animal had died after having lost some 30% of its body weight. 3. The cuticular water content of non-desiccated P. scaber tended to be slightly higher than that of desiccated ones. In A. vulgare no significant difference was observed between non-desiccated and desiccated specimens. 4. The water activity of the excised cuticle of the above two species and of Oniscus asellus and Cylisticus convexus was above that of the haemolymph and therefore not in osmotic equilibrium with it. The osmotic equilibrium points were below the osmotic pressures of the blood; the difference amounted from 1.5 to 2.8 atm. in different species. 5. The difference in water activity between blood and cuticle, the maintenance of water content with desiccation, and the drop in water level at death, all indicate the presence of an active mechanism regulating the cuticular water in terrestrial isopods.
Legally Limiting Lies About Vaccines

Heard enough about the potential for childhood vaccines to cause autism or other harms? So have we. For decades, politicians have replayed over and over misbeliefs about the alleged risks of autism and other injuries from childhood vaccines. In the September 2015 Republican Presidential Debate, the one-time front-runner Donald Trump alleged he knew of a 2-year-old who was vaccinated, got a "tremendous fever" and "now is autistic."Other Republican Presidential candidates, including medical doctors Rand Paul and Ben Carson, support vaccines but suggest they should be spaced out over a longer period than a child's first three years. Previously Sarah Palin and Michelle Bachman resonated their own anti-vaccination sentiments. In 2008 even President Obama acknowledged others' concerns about potential links between vaccines and autism.
Strain-tunable plasmonic crystal using elevated nanodisks with polarization-dependent characteristics

This paper reports on the mechanical tuning of optical resonances of a flexible plasmonic crystal. The device is structured with a square lattice nanopost array standing out of an elastomer substrate and coated with a gold thin film. The gold nanodisks residing on top of the nanoposts support a surface plasmon polariton (SPP) Bloch wave mode at the gold-air interface. By applying a strain along a planar direction of the substrate, the period of the elevated nanodisk array changes, thus altering the SPP resonance wavelength. Because the applied strain breaks period symmetry of the nanodisk array, the original single resonance mode is split into two polarized resonance modes. For the incident light polarized parallel with and perpendicular to the direction of the applied strain, the corresponding resonance modes are shifted in opposite directions at a rate of 1.6 ± 0.1 nm for every 1% change in strain. During stretching and compressing the substrate, the applied strains only change the period between nearby...
The design of an electric wing-in-ground-effect (WIG) vehicle as part of an urban air transit system

An electric wing-in-ground-effect (WIG) vehicle was designed to supplement the existing public transportation network in densely populated coastal urban areas like Hong Kong, Incheon, the Persian Gulf, and (in particular) the San Francisco Bay Area. Routes and passenger volumes were modelled using circuit analysis, and the design was optimized to maximize the system's impact on traffic congestion and the resulting financial and environmental benefits. A concept of operations, including a battery-swapping procedure, was described, and aircraft performance was verified using a series of MATLAB simulations. It was determined that the transit system could reduce Bay Area greenhouse gas production by a total of 100 million kg annually and save commuters more than 10M commuting hours total and US$300 per person per year.
Tropospheric ozone seasonal and long-term variability as seen by lidar andsurface measurements at the JPL-Table Mountain Facility, California

Abstract. A combined surface and tropospheric ozone climatology and interannual variability study was performed for the first time using co-located ozone photometer measurements (2013–2015) and tropospheric ozone differential absorption lidar measurements (2000–2015) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Table Mountain Facility (TMF; elev. 2285 m), in California. The surface time series were investigated both in terms of seasonal and diurnal variability. The observed surface ozone is typical of high-elevation remote sites, with small amplitude of the seasonal and diurnal cycles, and high ozone values, compared to neighboring lower altitude stations representative of urban boundary layer conditions. The ozone mixing ratio ranges from 45 ppbv in the winter morning hours to 65 ppbv in the spring and summer afternoon hours. At the time of the lidar measurements (early night), the seasonal cycle observed at the surface is similar to that observed by lidar between 3.5 and 9 km. Above 9 km, the local tropopause height variation with time and season impacts significantly the ozone lidar observations. The frequent tropopause folds found in the vicinity of TMF (27 % of the time, mostly in winter and spring) produce a dual-peak vertical structure in ozone within the fold layer, characterized by higher-than-average values in the bottom half of the fold (12–14 km), and lower-than-averaged values in the top half of the fold (14–18 km). This structure is consistent with the expected origin of the air parcels within the fold, i.e., mid-latitude stratospheric air folding down below the upper tropospheric sub-tropical air. The influence of the tropopause folds extends down to 5 km, increasing the ozone content in the troposphere. No significant signature of interannual variability could be observed on the 2000–2015 de-seasonalized lidar time series, with only a statistically non-significant positive anomaly during the years 2003–2007. Our trend analysis reveals however an overall statistically significant positive trend of 0.3 ppbv year−1 (0.6 %) in the free troposphere (7–10 km) for the period 2000–2015. A classification of the air parcels sampled by lidar was made at 1 km intervals between 5 and 14 km altitude, using 12-day backward trajectories (HYSPLIT, Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model). Our classification revealed the influence of the Pacific Ocean, with air parcels of low ozone content (43–60 ppbv below 9 km), and significant influence of the stratosphere leading to ozone values of 57–83 ppbv down to 8–9 km. In summer, enhanced ozone values (76 ppbv at 9 km) were found in air parcels originating from Central America, probably due to the enhanced thunderstorm activity during the North American Monsoon. Influence from Asia was observed throughout the year, with more frequent episodes during spring, associated with ozone values from 53 to 63 ppbv at 9 km.
Trichome exudates and resistance to beet armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Lycopersicon hirsutum f. typicum accessions

Three accessions of Lycopersicon hirsutum f. typicum Humb. and Bonpl. were highly resistant to beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), as indicated by reduced survival and growth on excised leaflets, compared with leaflets of a susceptible tomato variety. Removal of trichome exudates from LA 1777 and LA 2329 eliminated resistance affecting early instars ; but this treatment had no effect on the resistance of PI 126445. Primarily, lamellar factors must condition resistance in PI 126445 and contribute to resistance to later instars in LA 1777 and LA 2329. Type-VI trichome exudates of all 3 accessions were topically toxic to 1st-instar S. exigua, and this toxicity differed among the accessions (LA 1777 > LA 2329 > PI 126445). The lower toxicity of trichome exudates on PI 126445 apparently accounts for their minimal role in resistance in this accession. During feeding, 1st instars ruptured sufficient numbers of type-VI trichome glands to account for the observed mortality on both LA 1777 and LA 2329. Toxicities of trichome exudates from the accessions were not correlated with their sesquiterpene and total phenolic contents ; the most toxic trichomes (LA 1777) had the lowest concentrations of volatiles detectable by gas chromatography, and total phenolic compounds. The important toxins remain unidentified. Identification of the lamellar factors from the accessions, and the toxins in the trichome exudates of LA 1777 and LA 2329, will facilitate the use of these accessions in breeding programs for resistance to S. exigua and possibly other pests of tomatoes.
Loss of Weight of Hen’s Eggs During Incubation Under Different Conditions of Humidity and Temperature

Abstract THE progressive loss of weight of eggs during incubation has been known since the eighteenth century when Reaumer (1750) made his noteworthy studies on incubating eggs. Since that time many investigators have studied this phenomenon. The many studies have proved that the chief source of weight loss is due to evaporation of water which depends on the relative vapor pressure inside and outside of the shell of the incubating egg. As the conditions inside the shell are practically constant, the loss of weight depends upon the vapor pressure in the environment of the egg which is controlled principally by temperature and humidity. In early work no attempt was made to determine the humidity of the air surrounding the eggs, consequently the loss of weight reported varied greatly, ranging from 9 to 20 percent for 20 days. Later investigators attempted to measure the humidity in the incubator while ascertaining the loss . . .
Divisions Between Congressional Republicans and the Politics of Ideologically Extreme Reversion Points

Since the 2010 election, the previously-unified Republican caucus in the House of Representatives has been marked by intense divisions on issues such as the debt ceiling and continued funding of the federal government. Conventional explanations for these divisions have focused on the newfound fear of “Tea Party” primary challenges that gives many rank-and- file Republicans incentives to resist bipartisan compromises negotiated by their party leadership. This paper argues that while these primary threats play a role, the divisions between Republicans are actually the result of a change in the legislative agenda. The unique combination of extreme polarization and divided government created by the 2010 election took away any incentive for the House to take up normal legislation that moves policy from a relatively centrist status quo point to some fixed alternative point. Instead, the legislative agenda has focused on items that merely avoid ideologically extreme reversion points with which some Republicans are actually quite comfortable. These agenda items pit Republican Party leaders against the extremists in their own caucus rather than against the centrists, and create unusual challenges for party leadership.
Jealousy Protest: Ontogeny in Accord With the 9-Month Period of Human Gestation

In this article, nascent jealousy’s ultimate foundation is theorized as an adapted psychological mechanism that evolved in the environment of evolutionary adaptedness (EEA) to prepare 1-year-olds f...
Simultaneous Determination of Selenium and Tellurium in Spirulina Powder by Double Channel Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry

[Objective]To establish a new method for simultaneous determination of selenium(Se) and tellurium(Te) in wet-digestion prepared spirulina powder by hydride generation-double channel atomic fluorescence spectrometry.[Methods] After digestion with HNO3-HClO4,HCl solution was added for the reduction of Se6+/Te6+into Se4+/Te4+,which acted with KBH4solution.The concentrations of Se and Te were estimated by standard curve method.[Results]The calibration curve of Se was linear within the range of 2.70~20.00μg/L with a correlation coefficient(r) of 0.9997,and that of Te was within the range of 0.16-2.00μg/L with r=0.999 8.The detection limits were 0.77 μg/L for Se and 0.042 μg/L for Te.The recovery rates of spiking standards for Se and Te were in the ranges of 93.5%-102.9% and 100.0%-101.2%,respectively.The relative standard deviations(RSDs) were 1.22%-4.44% for Se and 1.45%-5.70% for Te.No significant difference was found between the results of simultaneous determination and single(Se or Te) determinations.[Conclusion]The method for simultaneous determination of Se and Te in wet-digestion prepared spirulina powder by hydride generation-double channel atomic fluorescence spectrometry is simple,rapid,and the results are accurate.
Research progress on biomarkers of occupational lead exposure

ollowing the rapid development of modern industry,lead poisoning is mainly dominated by subclinical asymptomatic poisoning due to low concentration exposure of lead,which has brought certain difficulties to early detection,early diagnosis,early treatment of occupational lead poisoning.The progress on biomarkers of lead exposure plays an important role on occupational health biological monitoring and early warning and early intervention on the injurious effect of lead.This paper summarizes current situation of the major biomarkers for occupational lead exposure.
Prostate Cancer Screening in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial of the National Cancer Institute

Screening for prostate cancer and subsequent treatment is of unknown benefit but carries known treatment related morbidity and mortality risks. The recent enthusiasm for screening in the United States contrasts sharply with the more cautious attitudes of the European and Canadian medical communities. Current data from screening series without randomization and controls are inadequate to determine screening benefit. The prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancer (randomized, controlled) screening trial of the National Cancer Institute, to include 74,000 men (and 74,000 women) 60 to 74 years old, has a design power of 90% to determine a 20% reduction of prostate cancer mortality from a baseline and 3 subsequent annual screens using prostate specific antigen and digital rectal examination. Randomization of participants into this trial began on November 16, 1993. Ten screening centers nationwide, a coordinating center, a laboratory and a biorepository are participating under contract.
Definition of Insignificant Tumor Volume of Gleason Score 3 + 3 = 6 (Grade Group 1) Prostate Cancer at Radical Prostatectomy-Is it Time to Increase the Threshold?

Purpose: We investigated the tumor volume of insignificant Gleason score 3 + 3 = 6 (Grade Group 1) prostate cancer with contemporary grading.Materials and Methods: We studied 439 consecutive radical prostatectomies with Gleason score 3 + 3 = 6 (Grade Group 1) cancer entirely submitted for histological examination.Results: A total of 407 cases (92.7%) were organ confined (pT2), 17 (3.9%) had a positive margin at the apex (pT2+) and 15 (3.4%) had extraprostatic extension (pT3a). Extraprostatic extension was focal in 10 cases and nonfocal in 5. pT2 and pT3 cases did not differ by age or gland weight. When total tumor volume was less than 0.5 cm3, 6 of 311 tumors (1.9%) had extraprostatic extension and 6 of 311 (1.9%) had tumor at the margin at the apex for a total of 12 significant cancers (3.8%). Tumor volumes between 0.5 and 1.0 and 1.0 and 2.0 cm3 had a similar incidence of significant cancers. Of 108 cases with a tumor volume of 0.5 to 2.0 cm3 5 (4.6%) had extraprostatic extension and 7 (6.5%) had pT2+ a...
Office orthostatic blood pressure measurements and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the prediction of autonomic dysfunction.

In this retrospective analysis we investigated the predictive performance of orthostatic hypotension (OH) and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABP) to predict autonomic dysfunction. Statistical associations among the candidate variables were investigated and comparisons of predictive performances were performed using Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves. Ninety-four patients were included for analysis. No significant correlations could be demonstrated between OH and components of ABP (reversal of circadian pattern, postprandial hypotension and heart rate variability), nor between OH and autonomic reflex screen. Reversal of circadian pattern did not demonstrate significant correlation (r = 0.12, p = 0.237) with autonomic reflex screen, but postprandial hypotension (r = 0.39, p = 0.003) and heart rate variability (r = 0.27, p = 0.009) demonstrated significant correlations. Postprandial hypotension was associated with a five-fold (OR 4.83, CI95% 1.6–14.4, p = 0.005) increased risk and heart rate variability with a four-fold (OR 3.75, CI95% 1.3–10.6, p = 0.013) increased risk for autonomic dysfunction. Per ROC curves, heart rate variability (0.671, CI95% 0.53–0.81, p = 0.025) and postprandial hypotension (0.668, CI95% 0.52–0.72, p = 0.027) were among the best predictors of autonomic dysfunction in routine clinical practice. Postprandial hypotension and heart rate variability on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring are among the best predictors of autonomic dysfunction in routine clinical practice.
BE-FAST (Balance, Eyes, Face, Arm, Speech, Time): Reducing the Proportion of Strokes Missed Using the FAST Mnemonic.

Background and Purpose—The FAST algorithm (Face, Arm, Speech, Time) helps identify persons having an acute stroke. We determined the proportion of patients with acute ischemic stroke not captured b...
Casinos and Drunk Driving Fatalities

Although there are certainly economic benefits of casinos in many jurisdictions, the growth of the industry is not without controversy. Casino opponents argue that casinos bring a variety of social problems, including increases in crime, bankruptcy, and divorce. Recently claims of casinos leading to higher drunk driving prevalence have also been noted. For example, newspaper reports often link DUI arrests and/or alcohol-related traffic fatalities to casinos that serve alcohol (e.g., Cornfield 2009; Smith 2010). Many casinos follow a “destination resort” model; they include restaurants, bars, shows, shops, and a hotel. Other casinos cater more to a local clientele. At a minimum, both types of casino typically include a bar service and casino customers often enjoy drinking alcohol while they socialize and play casino games. The fact that alcohol is readily available at many casinos suggests that casinos may, in fact, be a catalyst for increased drunk driving and hence, increased alcohol-related traffic fatalities. However, a more detailed look at the possible impact of casinos on drunken driving behavior demonstrates that there could be an inverse relationship between casinos and drunk driving under the right circumstances. Regardless, we are aware of no previous study that rigorously examines the possibility of such a link.
The effect of social dynamics and environment at time of early weaning on short- and long-term lamb behavior in a pasture and feedlot setting.

Abstract Lambs are commonly weaned around 60 d of age in the Eastern United States, but this age is also a time for lambs to apply long-term feeding strategies learned from adult animals. There is minimal evidence on how weaning strategies may affect long-term adaptation of feeding behavior. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of social and environmental factors at weaning on short- (3 d post-weaning) and long-term (8 wk post-weaning) feeding, lying, and standing idle behavior of lambs on pasture or in a feedlot. Two experiments tested this objective: Experiment 1 investigated social dynamics at time of weaning for lambs housed on pasture, and Experiment 2 investigated the effect of weaning into a feedlot compared to a pasture environment. At 60 d of age, 72 crossbred twin lambs were assigned to one of four treatments: lambs weaned and placed with similar-aged lambs onto pasture (W); lambs weaned and placed with similar-aged lambs and non-related adult ewes onto pasture (SF); lambs that remained with their dam on pasture (E); and lambs weaned and placed with similar-aged lambs into a feedlot (FL). Each treatment had three replicates with six lambs/replicate. Behavioral data were collected with instantaneous scan sampling for 15 h/d for 55 d. During the first 3 d after weaning in Experiment 1, W lambs spent more time standing than SF lambs (P = 0.03), and all lambs decreased standing idle time over the 3 d (P 0.05). When the time-budgets of lambs from both experiments were compared, W lambs spent 39.2% more time grazing compared to the amount of time that FL lambs spent feeding. Results suggest that keeping non-related adult ewes (SF) with weaned lambs did not influence the grazing and lying behavior of lambs on pasture. Lambs that stayed with their dams and were weaned later (E) had the lowest grazing time, likely because they are still receiving milk. Lambs in the feedlot environment increased their time spent feeding in the first few days, suggesting an initial adaptation to stress after weaning.
Interdiffusion Behavior of FeCrAl with U 3 Si 2

Advanced steels, including FeCrAl are being considered as an alternative to the standard light water fuel (LWR) cladding, Zircalloy. FeCrAl has superior mechanical and thermal properties and oxidation resistance relative to the Zircalloy standard . Uranium Silicide (U3Si2) is a candidate to replace uranium oxide (UO2) as LWR fuel because of its higher thermal conductivity and higher fissile density relative to the current standard, UO2. The interdiffusion behavior between FeCrAl and U3Si2 is investigated in this study. Commercially available FeCrAl, along with pellets fabricated at the Idaho National Laboratory were placed in diffusion couples. Individual tests have been run at temperatures ranging from 500 ℃ to 1000 ℃ for 30 h and 100 h. The interdiffusion is analyzed with an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Uniform and planar diffusion regions along the material interface are illustrated with backscatter electron micrographs and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).
Topographical Manipulation of Microparticles and Cells with Acoustic Microstreaming

Precise and reproducible manipulation of synthetic and biological microscale objects in complex environments is essential for many practical biochip and microfluidic applications. Here we present an attractive acoustic topographical manipulation (ATM) method to achieve efficient and reproducible manipulation of diverse microscale objects. This new guidance method relies on the acoustically induced localized microstreaming forces generated around microstructures, which are capable of trapping nearby microobjects and manipulating them along a determined trajectory based on local topographic features. This unique phenomenon is investigated by numerical simulations examining the local microstreaming in the presence of microscale boundaries under the standing acoustic wave. This method can be used to manipulate a single microobject around a complex structure, as well as collective manipulation of multiple objects moving synchronously along complicated shapes. Furthermore, The ATM can serve for automated maze s...
Prenatal growth characteristics and pre/postnatal management of bronchopulmonary sequestrations

Abstract Purpose The prenatal natural history of intralobar and extralobar bronchopulmonary sequestrations (BPSs), including lesion growth patterns and need for prenatal intervention, have not been fully characterized. We review our series of BPSs to determine their natural history and outcomes in the context of the need for prenatal intervention. Methods A retrospective review of the pre/postnatal course of 103 fetuses with an intralobar (n = 44) or extralobar BPS (n = 59) managed at a single institution between 2008 and 2015 was performed. Outcomes included prenatal lesion growth trajectory, presence of hydrops, need for prenatal intervention, survival, and postnatal surgical management. Results Most extralobar (71%) and intralobar BPSs (94%) decreased in size or became isoechoic from initial to final evaluation. Peak lesion size occurred at 26–28 weeks gestation. Eight fetuses developed hydrothorax, four of which (all extralobar BPSs) also developed hydrops. All four hydropic fetuses received maternal betamethasone, and three hydropic fetuses underwent thoracentesis and/or thoracoamniotic shunt placement with subsequent hydrops resolution. All fetuses survived. Forty-one intralobar (93%) and 35 extralobar BPSs (59%) were resected after birth. Conclusions BPSs tend to decrease in size after 26–28 weeks gestation and rarely require fetal intervention. Lesions resulting in hydrothorax ± hydrops can be effectively managed with maternal steroids and/or drainage of the hydrothorax. Level of evidence IV
Introduction: Rhetoric’s Ecologies

This chapter introduces the edited collection Tracing Rhetoric and Material Life: Ecological Approaches, which draws together work in rhetoric, communication, composition, environmental communication, and environmental studies to advance a rhetorical approach to ecological care. To set the stage for this project, this introduction takes a moment to look back at the recent history of rhetorical studies and environmental communication, tracing the emergence of several complementary but fairly disparate ecological “turns.” The ecological turns identified coincide with a larger turning in recent interdisciplinary work that embraces ecology as distinct from environment. Thus, it first explores this distinctive sense of the ecological via recent “new materialisms.” Next, and for the bulk of the chapter, it traces the emergence of resonant ecological approaches to rhetoric that largely predate discussions of new materialism, including discussions of constitutive rhetorics among communication and environmental communication scholars, ecological models of composition and invention among writing scholars, and practices of in situ methods among rhetorical scholar-practitioners and their objects. As the final section notes, the chapters in Tracing Rhetoric and Material Life intensify those shifts, ultimately cultivating ecological care in three arenas of rhetorical being—those of change, ethics, and justice.
Kidney, Ureteral, and Bladder Cancer: A Primer for the Internist

Malignancies of the urinary tract (kidney, ureter, and bladder) are distinct clinical entities. Hematuria is a unifying common presenting symptom for these malignancies. Surgical management of localized disease continues to be the mainstay of treatment, and early detection is important in the prognosis of disease. Patients often require life-long follow-up and assessment for recurrence.
Diagnostic Testing for Zika Virus: a Postoutbreak Update

Since the emergence and dissemination of Zika virus (ZIKV) in late 2015, our understanding of the biology, transmission, clinical disease, and potential sequelae associated with infection has markedly expanded. Over the past 2 years, the number of diagnostic assays for ZIKV has increased from none in 2015 to 5 serological assays and 14 molecular assays in 2017, all with emergency use authorization granted through the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Here we provide an update on ZIKV, addressing what we have collectively learned since the outbreak began, including a summary of currently available diagnostic assays for this virus.
Laudato Si’, Technologies of Power and Environmental Injustice: Toward an Eco-Politics Guided by Contemplation

This paper explores how Pope Francis’ critique of “the technocratic paradigm” in Laudato Si’ can contribute to an environmental ethics governed by asymmetries of power and agency. The technocratic paradigm is here theorized as linked to forms of anthropocentrism that together engender a dangerous alliance between the powers of technology and technologies of power. The meaning and import of this view become clearer when the background of these ideas gets excavated in the works of Romano Guardini. The contemporary manifestation of Guardini’s warnings appears in the form of myriad environmental injustices wrought by structures of power linked to technology. To counter such injustices, we must discern which types of technologies to develop and how to limit technocratic approaches for the sake of other values. The integral ecological outlook favored by Francis may be interpreted as a kind of eco-politics, or even, controversially, an eco-technology, with the cultivation of technologies of contemplation. Applying Peter Sloterdijk’s conceptions of anthropotechnics and monogeism to the Ignatian Exercises animating the Jesuit Francis’ work, we can see how such technologies hold potential for Catholicism to collaborate better with secular strategies in relating to Earth’s agency in a new eco-politics. Such an eco-politics could furnish an alternative to bio-politics, especially if governed by aspects of the Franciscan form-of-life identified by Giorgio Agamben. Such a project ultimately moves us beyond Laudato Si’ and the work of Romano Guardini, pointing up the limitations of Laudato Si’ in engaging the agency of the Earth.
Carbamazepine-induced suppression of repetitive firing in CA1 pyramidal neurons is greater in the dorsal hippocampus than the ventral hippocampus

Abstract Medial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE)–the most common form of focal epilepsy–is defined by recurrent partial seizures originating within the medial temporal lobe. Such seizures are commonly associated with the anterior hippocampus (as opposed to the posterior hippocampus), and refractory to the currently available anti-epileptic drugs (AED) for about one third of patients. Unfortunately, the mechanisms driving seizure generation and AED efficacy along the longitudinal hippocampal axis remain poorly understood. Recently, several groups investigating differences in excitability along the rodent longitudinal hippocampal axis have demonstrated that CA1 pyramidal neurons from the rodent ventral hippocampus (the rodent homolog of the human anterior hippocampus) are intrinsically more excitable than their dorsal counterparts (the rodent homolog of the human posterior hippocampus). This phenotypic difference is accompanied by significant differences in gene expression along the longitudinal hippocampal axis, which include gene products–such as voltage-gated sodium channel β-subunits–known to influence AED efficacy. Given this phenotypic heterogeneity, and the differential expression of gene products known to influence anti-epileptic drug efficacy, we sought to investigate the efficacy of the classical use-dependent sodium channel blocker, carbamazepine, in CA1 pyramidal neurons across the longitudinal hippocampal axis. Accordingly, we performed whole-cell current-clamp recordings on CA1 pyramidal neurons from acute hippocampal slices prepared from the dorsal and ventral hippocampus, and found that acute exposure to 100 μM carbamazepine induced a significantly greater suppression of repetitive firing for dorsal neurons relative to ventral neurons by inducing profound spike frequency adaptation (SFA). Moreover, we observed a small, but significant depolarization of resting membrane potential (RMP) for dorsal neurons (but not ventral neurons), following exposure to carbamazepine. Together, these observations demonstrate that carbamazepine’s effect is concentrated in the dorsal hippocampus, which could provide meaningful insight into the side effect profile of carbamazepine (and related anti-epileptic drugs) in non-epileptic tissue, and inform future work investigating the mechanisms of carbamazepine resistance in epileptic tissue.
Interaction with 3D Environments Using Multi-Touch Screens

The increase in availability of multi-touch devices has motivated us to consider interaction approaches outside the limitations associated with the use of a mouse. The problem that we try to solve is how to interact in a 3D world using a 2D surface multi-touch display. Before showing our proposed solution, we briefly review previous work in related fields that provided a framework for the development of our approach. Finally, we propose a set of multi-touch gestures and outline an experiment design for the evaluation of these forms of interaction.
Machine Learning Models for GPU Error Prediction in a Large Scale HPC System

GPUs are widely deployed on large-scale HPC systems to provide powerful computational capability for scientific applications from various domains. As those applications are normally long-running, investigating the characteristics of GPU errors becomes imperative for reliability. In this paper, we first study the system conditions that trigger GPU errors using six-month trace data collected from a large-scale, operational HPC system. Then, we use machine learning to predict the occurrence of GPU errors, by taking advantage of temporal and spatial dependencies of the trace data. The resulting machine learning prediction framework is robust and accurate under different workloads.
Developing a systematic search strategy related to people with disability: A brief report testing the utility of proposed disability search terms in a search about opioid use.

Abstract Background The varied use of the term “disability” in the scientific literature makes it challenging to conduct systematic reviews of health issues among people with disability. Utilizing general disability search terms has been suggested as an efficient way to ensure a broad capture of the literature related to disability. Objectives This study evaluates the utility of general disability terms versus condition-specific terms, in the context of systematically searching for articles related to disability and other conditions or issues, in this case, opioid use. Methods Systematic searches were conducted using three databases. An initial search of articles mentioning opioids and disability was conducted employing the general search terms recommended by Walsh et al.1 The results were then compared to 16 condition-specific searches. The proportion of unique articles from each condition-specific search that overlapped with the general search was assessed. Results There was very little overlap between the articles captured using condition-specific search terms and the articles captured utilizing the general search terms. The highest amount of overlap was for spinal muscular atrophy at 33.3%, with the overall median proportion of overlap being 13.4% (mean = 15.7%; SD = 11.7%). Conclusions With a systematic search for articles about disability associated with opioid use as an example, condition-specific search terms capture a large proportion of articles not identified using general disability search terms. Disability researchers should be aware of pitfalls using general terminology and the importance of using disability-specific search terms.
The Role of Youth Trainee-Trainer Alliance and Involvement in School-Based Prevention: A Moderated-Mediation Model of Student Gatekeeper Suicide Prevention Training.

This study examined the roles that youth involvement and youth trainee–trainer alliance play in school mental health prevention within the context of youth suicide gatekeeper training. Measures included youth involvement in programming, trainee–trainer alliance, and intentions to refer at-risk youth at pre- and post-training. A moderated-mediation design was used to examine associations among these factors. Results show alliance mediating pre- and post-training referral intentions, and involvement moderating the relationship between alliance and post-training intentions. On average, trainee intentions improved from pre- to post-training, but trainees reporting high alliance endorsed higher post-training referral intentions regardless of involvement level. Low alliance resulted in lower than average post-training referral intentions, even with active involvement in programming, and those with both low alliance and involvement showed the lowest post-training referral intentions. Given these findings, fostering the youth trainee–trainer relationship may be an avenue to optimize prevention program effectiveness.
Mechanical failure of articulating polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) spacers in two-stage revision hip arthroplasty: the risk factors and the impact on interim function.

This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for mechanical failure of cement spacers and the impact on hip function after two-stage exchange arthroplasty for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Thirty-one patients (19 males and 12 females) with hip PJIs underwent resection arthroplasty and implantation of cement spacers from January 2014 to December 2015. Patients who encountered spacer-associated mechanical complications in the interim period (14 of 31) were compared with those without complications (17 of 31). Complications were defined as spacer dislocation, spacer fracture, spacer fracture with dislocation, and femoral fracture during or following spacer implantation. Hip functional outcome was assessed using the Harris hip score (HHS). Treatment success was defined according to the following criteria: (1) no symptoms or signs indicative of infection; (2) no PJI-related mortality; and (3) no subsequent surgical intervention for infection after reimplantation surgery. Multivariate logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used for analysis. Fourteen patients (14/31 = 45%) suffered at least one spacer-related complication within the interim period. The development of spacer complications was associated with a younger age (odds ratio [OR] 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83–1.00, p = 0.045) and chronic PJI (OR 14.7, 95% CI 1.19–182, p = 0.036). Patients with spacer complications also had a lower median HHS (37 vs. 60, p < 0.001) before reimplantation in comparison to those without spacer complications. After reimplantation, the two groups had a similar median HHS (90 vs. 89, p = 0.945). Two patients did not undergo reimplantation due to extensive comorbidities, and subsequently retained the antibiotic spacer for definitive treatment. The 2-year treatment success rate was 84.6% in the spacer-complication group and 87.5% in the non-spacer-complication group (p = 0.81). There was a high complication rate for articulating PMMA spacers during the interim period of two-stage revision total hip arthroplasty. A young age and chronic infection were the primary risk factors associated with mechanical complications. Patients at high risk of spacer-related mechanical complications should be advised accordingly by surgeons. Knowing the possible risk factors, surgeons should educate patients thoroughly to avoid spacer complications, thereby increasing patient satisfaction in the interim stage. Prognostic Level III.
Avoiding Bladder Catheters During Atrial Fibrillation Ablation

Abstract Objectives This study sought to determine if atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation can be performed safely without bladder catheterization. Background Patients undergoing AF ablation often receive bladder catheters. Catheterization is associated with potential complications. The ABCD-AF (Avoiding Bladder Catheters During Atrial Fibrillation) ablation study evaluates the advantages of performing AF ablation without routine catheterization. Methods In this single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial, 80 patients received bladder catheterization (group A), and 80 patients received only as-needed catheterization (group B). The primary endpoint was a composite of cystitis, urethral injury, hematuria, dysuria, or urinary retention. Results The mean patient age was 63 ± 13 years, and 33% of patients were female. The primary outcome was reached in 45 patients in group A and 11 patients in group B (p Conclusions Bladder catheterization can be safely avoided in patients undergoing AF ablation and is associated with a significant reduction in adverse outcomes, especially in men.
Experiences and Challenges of Students with a Military Background at an Academic Medical Center

Limited information exists regarding Students with Military Backgrounds (SMB) enrolled in academic medical settings, although there is extensive research focused on SMB attending community colleges and undergraduate universities. This study documents SMB experiences at an academic medical center related to (a) relations with peers and faculty, (b) learning experiences, and (c) navigating campus services. These SMB reported interpersonal experiences differing from those common to community colleges and undergraduate universities. Our cohort of SMB tended to be older than those enrolled at post-secondary institutions, with life experiences supporting the experiential learning and team health care practices increasingly emphasized in academic medical settings. SMBs reported the academic medical setting shares cultural elements with some military settings, suggesting accommodation strategies that leverage these features may enhance personal satisfaction, academic success, and career preparation for these students.