cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Open Doors for Bob and Mallory: Open Port Usage in Android Apps and Security Implications

Open ports are typically used by server software to serve remote clients, and the usage historically leads to remote exploitation due to insufficient protection. Smartphone operating systems inherit the open port support, but since they are significantly different from traditional server machines in performance and availability guarantees, little is known about how smartphone applications use open ports and what the security implications are. In this paper, we perform the first systematic study of open port usage on mobile platform and their security implications. To achieve this goal, we design and implement OPAnalyzer, a static analysis tool which can effectively identify and characterize vulnerable open port usage in Android applications. Using OPAnalyzer, we perform extensive usage and vulnerability analysis on a dataset with over 100K Android applications. OPAnalyzer successfully classifies 99% of the mobile usage of open ports into 5 distinct families, and from the output, we are able to identify several mobile-specific usage scenarios such as data sharing in physical proximity. In our subsequent vulnerability analysis, we find that nearly half of the usage is unprotected and can be directly exploited remotely. From the identified vulnerable usage, we discover 410 vulnerable applications with 956 potential exploits in total. We manually confirmed the vulnerabilities for 57 applications, including popular ones with 10 to 50 million downloads on the official market, and also an app that is pre-installed on some device models. These vulnerabilities can be exploited to cause highly-severe damage such as remotely stealing contacts, photos, and even security credentials, and also performing sensitive actions such as malware installation and malicious code execution. We have reported these vulnerabilities and already got acknowledged by the application developers for some of them. We also propose countermeasures and improved practices for each usage scenario.
Neuropsychological Considerations for Parkinson’s Disease Patients Being Considered for Surgical Intervention with Deep Brain Stimulation

In addition to their motor symptoms, patients diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) often exhibit a subcortical pattern of cognitive impairment. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is one of the treatments used to improve motor functioning in PD patients; however, studies focusing on the effects of DBS on cognition, mood, and behavior have produced mixed findings. This chapter reviews the history of various treatments for PD, the recent literature regarding DBS, and the neuropsychological outcomes in patients who undergo such surgery for the treatment of parkinsonian motor symptoms. DBS as a treatment for several other neurologic and psychiatric disorders is also discussed. In addition, case examples and recommendations for the neuropsychologist are presented.
Prediction of ductile fracture for metal alloys using a shear modified void growth model

Abstract Shear stress ratio have recently been recognized as an important parameter, in addition to stress triaxiality, that influences the initiation of ductile fracture in metals. In this paper, the roles of stress triaxiality and shear stress ratio in the micro-mechanisms of ductile fracture are first discussed. A modified ductile fracture model coupling both stress triaxiality and shear stress ratio is then proposed. The model is developed based on the Rice-Tracey and modified maximum shear stress models. Parametric studies are performed to demonstrate the behaviors of the model parameters. The proposed model is applied to construct the fracture loci of four types of metal alloys: aluminum 2024-T351, aluminum 6061-T6, ASTM A572 Gr. 50 steel and AISI 1045 steel. The predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental data over a wide range of triaxialities. Comparison between the proposed model and several popular fracture criteria is also provided, and the results indicate that the proposed model has significant potential to predict ductile fracture at both low and high triaxialities.
Lean six sigma and environmental sustainability: a hospital perspective

Organizations have demonstrated increasing interest in both leaning and greening activities. Lean manufacturing practices, with an emphasis on waste elimination, have an affinity with environmental...
Planetary Perturbations: Effects on the Shape of a cCloud of Dust in Circular Heliocentric Orbits

Synthetic infrared pictures are used to illustrate changes in the shape of portions of an interplanetary dust-cloud. The dust particles, in circular heliocentric orbits, are perturbed by radiation and corpuscular forces combined with gravitational disturbances by the major planets. Dust in the inner solar system and close to the ecliptic or the orbital plane of Venus is brought to a more narrow range of ecliptic latitudes. A dust-band evolves near and inside the orbit of Venus. The cloud’s shape is less affected at high ecliptic latitudes.
Methods for addressing "innocent bystanders" when evaluating safety of concomitant vaccines.

Purpose The need to develop methods for studying the safety of childhood immunization schedules has been recognized by the Institute of Medicine and Department of Health and Human Services. The recommended childhood immunization schedule includes multiple vaccines in a visit. A key concern is safety of concomitant (same day) versus separate day vaccination. This paper addresses a methodological challenge for observational studies using a self-controlled design to investigate the safety of concomitant vaccination. Methods We propose a process for distinguishing which of several concomitantly administered vaccines is responsible for increased risk of an adverse event while adjusting for confounding due to relationships between effect modifying risk factors and concomitant vaccine combinations. We illustrate the approach by re-examining the known increase in risk of seizure 7 to 10 days after measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination and evaluating potential independent or modifying effects of other vaccines. Results Initial analyses suggested that DTaP had both an independent and potentiating effect on seizure. After accounting for the relationship between age at vaccination and vaccine combination, there was little evidence for increased risk of seizure with same day administration of DTaP and MMR; incidence rate ratio, 95% confidence interval 1.2 (0.9-1.6), P value = θ.226. Conclusion We have shown that when using a self-controlled design to investigate safety of concomitant vaccination, it can be critically important to adjust for time-invariant effect modifying risk factors, such as age at time of vaccination, which are structurally related to vaccination patterns due to recommended immunization schedules.
Wade L. Robison

This book provides a thorough examination of the role of ethics in design and engineering. Drawing from a wide variety of cases, the author argues that ethics are already embedded in an engineer’s design decisions and offers engineers and technical and professional communicators (TPC) methods for thinking through the implications of design decisions. The book succeeds in illustrating how ethics is embedded in every design decision. The author notes that the aim of this book “is to show that ethical considerations enter into all design solutions and thus are integral to the intellectual core of engineering.” The target audience is engineering students and faculty. However, more general TPC readers and educators will find parallels between his discussions of ethics and morals with TPC’s usability concerns.
Differential cyclooxygenase expression levels and survival associations in type I and type II ovarian tumors.

High cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in ovarian tumors has been associated with poor prognosis, but the role of COX-1 expression and its relation to survival is less clear. Here, we evaluated COX expression and associations with survival outcomes between type I (clear cell, mucinous, low grade endometrioid and low grade serous) and type II (high grade serous and high grade endometrioid) ovarian tumors. We developed and validated a new COX-1 antibody, and conducted immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for COX-1 and COX-2 on a tissue microarray (TMA) of 190 primary ovarian tumors. In addition to standard IHC scoring and H-scores to combine the percentage of positive cells and staining intensity, we also measured COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA expression by QPCR. High expression was defined as greater than or equal to median values. Clinical characteristics and disease outcomes were ascertained from medical records. Associations with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were quantified by hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) from proportional hazards regression. Type I tumors had high COX-2 expression, while type II tumors had high COX-1 expression. In multivariable adjusted regression models, higher COX-1 mRNA expression was associated with shorter DFS (HR: 6.37, 95% CI: 1.84–22.01) and OS (HR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.04–4.91), while higher H-scores for COX-2 expression were associated with shorter DFS (HR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.06–3.49). Stratified analysis indicated that COX-2 was significantly associated with DFS among cases with Type II tumors (HR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.06–3.53). These findings suggest that ovarian tumor type contributes to differences in COX expression levels and associations with survival.
Neutrophil ghosts worsen asthma.

Neutrophil cytoplasts are linked to amplification of T helper 17–mediated inflammation and severe asthma.
Diffuse ultrasonic transmission between two half spaces coupled through a single glass bead

We consider ultrasonics in glass blocks in contact through a single 3 mm glass bead held in place by contact forces of up to five Newtons. Hertzian contact theory predicts resonant transmission at a few isolated frequencies between 65 and 120 kHz. Resonances, based on calculations of radiative losses to the blocks, are predicted to be narrow, with widths of order 50Hz. Wide-band diffuse ultrasound from 50 to 800 kHz launched by an impulse in the upper block leads to a diffuse signal in the upper block that slowly diminishes due to absorption. It leads to a diffuse signal in the lower block that slowly increases in amplitude due to transmission—through the air and through the bead—before dissipating due to absorption. The spectrum in the lower block includes a broadband part demonstratable as due to transmission through the airgap. It also includes a part due to transmission through the bead and confined to a few isolated frequency bands. These transmission bands have widths of several kHz. We also investigate slow dynamics at the contact points by studying the change and recovery of the diffuse transmission after large amplitude conditionings.
Evaluating planning strategies for prioritizing projects in sustainability improvement programs

Programs to improve the sustainability of building infrastructures often consist of project portfolios that need to be prioritized in an appropriate chronological fashion to maximize the program’s ...
GaN-based Room Temperature Spintronics for Next Generation Low Power Consumption Electronic Devices

There has been an exponential growth in the microelectronics industry over the last 70 years with a consistent miniaturization of transistors’ size and increase in the speed and on-chip transistors density with reasonable power consumption, as seen in Figure 1 [1] . This trend will saturate soon especially due to the unintended thermal noise that is dissipated, as the density of transistors on the chips increase and as the corresponding electronics approach their physical limits. There is a need to implement new processing and computing techniques [2] with more compact size, lower power consumption and enhanced performance. Neuromorphic computing mimics the parallel processing of the mammalian brain and the quantum decoherence within the neurons, and seems to be promising for future applications and needs high speed electronics [3] . Quantum computing could enhance the functionalities, storage capabilities, and data manipulation and transmission, for the next generation of devices. Spintronics is an enabling technology to meet the speed, power, and scalability requirements for quantum information and neuromorphic computing [4 , 5] . The non-volatile nature of spintronic memory could help to tackle power efficiency challenges of microelectronics. Spin of a material is directly related with magnetic, electrical, and optical properties. It is necessary to investigate materials and understand their properties to control and manipulate their spin and use for spintronic applications. However, most materials show conducive properties for spintronics at cryogenic temperatures, which limits their practical applications. There is a need to investigate spintronic materials for quantum applications at room temperature (RT).
Recent advances in understanding of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): how genetics are shaping our conceptualization of this disorder

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a clinically defined disorder, and inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity are its main symptom domains. The presentation, lifelong continuation and treatment response of ADHD symptoms, however, is highly heterogeneous. To better define, diagnose, treat and prevent ADHD, it is essential that we understand the biological processes underlying all of these elements. In this review, given the high heritability of ADHD, we discuss how and why genetics can foster such progress. We examine what genetics have taught us so far with regard to ADHD definition, classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. Finally, we offer a prospect of what genetic studies on ADHD may bring in the future.
Who Cares? Explaining Perceptions of Compassion in Candidates for Office

Although prior research establishes the important effect perceptions of compassion have on vote choice, no systematic research examines why some candidates are perceived as more caring than others. In an era where television and social media put candidates’ personalities front and center, the lack of research on this topic is problematic. In this article, I explain why voters view some candidates as more caring than others. I argue that voters view politicians as compassionate when there is a commonality to link them. A commonality demonstrates an empathetic connection, or the ability to understand another’s feelings. This, in turn, convinces voters that the politician is sympathetic, or willing to do something to help. Without an empathetic connection, claims of sympathy by politicians will be viewed with greater levels of skepticism. I generate a classification system for the sources of commonality that link voters with politicians, including shared experiences, shared emotions, and shared identities. Using three survey experiments, I show how candidates can build empathic bonds with voters and better their chances of election.
Toward an Elastic Data Transfer Infrastructure

Data transfer over wide area networks is an integral part of many science workflows that must, for example, move data from scientific facilities to remote resources for analysis, sharing, and storage. Yet despite continued enhancements in data transfer infrastructure (DTI), our previous analyses of approximately 40 billion GridFTP command logs collected over four years from the Globus transfer service show that data transfer nodes (DTNs) are idle (i.e., are performing no transfers) 94.3% of the time. On the other hand, we have also observed periods in which CPU resource scarcity negatively impacts DTN throughput. Motivated by the opportunity to optimize DTI performance, we present here an elastic DTI architecture in which the pool of nodes allocated to DTN activities expands and shrinks over time, based on demand. Our results show that this elastic DTI can save up to ~95% of resources compared with a typical static DTN deployment, with the median slowdown incurred remaining close to one for most of the evaluated scenarios.
Josephson Mixer Receiver for 300 GHz

A mixer receiver for 300 GHz incorporating a permanent point contact Josephson junction, a cooled Schottky barrier multiplier and a cooled Ga As FET if amplifier is described. The system is tunable over 100 GHz, and preliminary tests indicate a DSB noise temperature of 500 K.
Secondary Breast Cancer Sociodemographic Characteristics and Survival by Age Group

Secondary cancers account for 16% of all new cancer diagnoses, with breast cancer (BC) the most common secondary cancer. We have shown that secondary BC has unique characteristics and decreased survival compared with primary BC in adolescent and young adults (AYA; 15–39 years old). However, older BC populations are less well studied. Females (age ≥ 15 years) diagnosed with primary BC during 1991–2015 (n = 377,167) and enrolled in the California Cancer Registry were compared with those with secondary BC (n = 37,625) by age (15–39, 40–64, ≥ 65 years). We examined BC-specific survival (BCSS) accounting for other causes of death as a competing risk using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. Most secondary BC patients were of older age (15–39, n = 777; 40–64, n = 15,848; ≥ 65, n = 21,000). Compared with primary BC treatment, secondary BCs were more often treated with mastectomy and less often with chemotherapy and/or radiation. BCSS was shorter in secondary BC patients than primary BC patients, but the survival difference between secondary and primary BC diminished with age [15–39 hazard ratio (HR): 2.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.83–2.39; 40–64 HR: 1.51; 95% CI 1.44–1.58; ≥ 65 HR: 1.14; 95% CI 1.10–1.19]. Survival differences were most pronounced in women with hormone receptor positive disease and Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islanders 40–64 years of age. When BC is diagnosed following a prior cancer of any organ site, BCSS is worse than when compared with patients for whom BC is the primary diagnosis, suggesting that we may need to tailor our treatments for women with secondary BC.
ESSAY REVIEW Subtle Energies and Quantum Mechanics. From Quantum Physics to Energy Healing: A Physicist’s Journey to Mind & Healing by Johanna Blomqvist trans. T. Yrjö-Koskinen; The Mind’s Interaction with the Laws of Physics & Cosmology by Jeffrey Keen

Today such notions as chi, “subtle energy,” or “life force energy” are typically ridiculed by conventional scientists, who might argue that our modern understanding of matter and energy leaves no room for what they might call New Age versions of vitalism. Yet such notions persist in in the yoga studio, the acupuncture clinic, the tai chi class, and other venues. What can we make of this? Such notions also are the focus of two recent books that explore them in very different ways. One book is The Mind’s Intervention with the Laws of Physics and Cosmology by Jeffrey Keen, which provides a dowser’s deep exploration into the various kinds of subtle energy in the world all around us. The other book is Johanna Blomqvist’s From Quantum Physics to Energy Healing, which is a much more personal journey into energy healing. As it happens, both books look for links between so-called subtle energy and quantum mechanics. While some might scoff, I submit that there may be dividends here, given the persistent mystery of quantum mechanics. In any case, I will discuss these two books as well as consider how what they present as subtle energy might fit with quantum mechanics.
The association of paid medical and caregiving leave with the economic security and wellbeing of service sector workers.

BACKGROUND Service-sector workers in the U.S. face extremely limited access to paid family and medical leave, but little research has examined the consequences for worker wellbeing. Our objective was to determine whether paid leave was associated with improved economic security and wellbeing for workers who needed leave for their own serious health condition or to care for a seriously ill loved one. METHODS We analyzed data collected in 2020 by the Shift Project from 11,689 hourly service-sector workers across the US. We estimated the impact of taking paid leave on economic insecurity and wellbeing relative to taking unpaid leave, no leave, or not experiencing a need to take leave. RESULTS Twenty percent of workers needed medical or caregiving leave in the reference period. Workers who took paid leave reported significantly less difficulty making ends meet, less hunger and utility payment hardship, and better sleep quality than those who had similar serious health or caregiving needs but did not take paid leave. CONCLUSIONS Access to paid leave enables front line workers to take needed leave from work while maintaining their financial security and wellbeing.
Lubrication: Traditional to Nano-Lubricating Films

Boundary lubricating film properties are crucial to the understanding of current lubrication technology as well as in advancing the frontier of lubrication science. This paper reviews the current understanding of boundary lubricating films and presents some new techniques for the measurement of film properties. As the scale of the technologies decreases, devices such as Micro-Mechanical Devices (MMDs) and magnetic hard disk system require an ever decreasing scale of lubrication technology. Monomolecular films, by necessity, are required to provide friction control, wear protection, and system durability. Therefore, film designs are needed to protect such systems. This paper describes some new measurement techniques as well as the conceptual framework for monomolecular film design.
A Portfolio Performance Index and Its Implications

Cramer's Large Deviation Theorem is used to formalize a modern time series variant of the "Safety-First", loss aversion criterion, providing a behavioral foundation for a new portfolio performance index. When returns are normally distributed, the performance index is proportional to the squared Sharpe Index, so the mean-variance efficient tangency portfolio is optimal, and the CAPM results when all investors behave this way. When returns are non-normally distributed, the index generalizes to a different, preference parameter-free formula, which is easily estimable without prior knowledge of the distribution. The tangency portfolio is no longer optimal; what results instead is a non-CAPM relationship between an asset's expected excess return and the return's covariance with an exponential function of the performance index maximizing portfolio. The endogenous loss aversion induces a preference not only for higher mean and lower standard deviation, like the Sharpe Index, but also for higher skewness and lower kurtosis in non-normal cases, with the potential to explain the demand for portfolio insurance and/or other skewness enhancing strategies.
Statistics in Kinesiology (4th ed.). William J. Vincent, Brigham Young University, and Joseph P. Weir, Des Moines University

Statistics in Kinesiology was likely the first textbook written solely with a statistical emphasis in Kinesiology/Physical Education. This textbook has gone through some minor revisions over the ye...
Effect of IL-13 and IL-13 blocker (mIL-13Rα2) on airway smooth muscle (ASM)

Abstract Rationale The cytokine IL-13 plays an important role in inducing features of asthma including airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). We previously reported the effect of IL-13 and mIL-13Rα2 on AHR in vivo (ATS, 2003). The purpose for this study is to determine the effect of IL-13 and mIL-13Rα2 on ASM function in vitro. Methods Tracheas were isolated from Balb/c mice. Tracheas were incubated for 18 hours at 4°C with 1μg/ml IL-13, and others in IL-13 and 1mg/ml of the mIL-13Rα2. Tracheas were suspended in a muscle bath containing Krebs buffer, and gassed with 95% O 2 and 5% CO 2 throughout the duration of concentration response and maintained at pH=7.4. Responses to KCl were determined along with concentration response curve (CRC) to both acetylcholine (Ach) and isoproterenol (Iso). Results Following IL-13, no significant increase in response to Ach was observed (p=0.063), but relaxation response to Iso was significantly attenuated (p Conclusion IL-13 significantly inhibits the relaxation response to Iso in vitro. The mIL-13Rα2 significantly inhibits the ability of IL-13 to induce this effect. This IL-13 antagonist is a potential therapeutic modality in asthma.
Platelet function in classic (AHF-deficiency) hemophilia: report of a case with defective platelet function.

A patient with classic hemophilia (AHF-deficiency) who demonstrated an acquired platelet functional and bleeding time defect concurrently with an AHF inhibitor is described. Possible etiologies for the platelet defect have been proposed and their role in this patient evaluated. Platelet function studies on six other patients with hemophilia A were normal with the exception of defective platelet adhesion to glass in a patient who had been recently transfused. The combined platelet functional defect and AHF inhibitor found in our patient may be more common than is generally realized. We suggest that any hemophiliac who fails to respond to conventional transfusion therapy should be investigated for both abnormalities.
Does the Frequency and Avidity Spectrum of the Neuroantigen-Specific T Cells in the Blood Mirror the Autoimmune Process in the Central Nervous System of Mice Undergoing Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis?

In humans, studies of autoreactive T cells that mediate multiple sclerosis have been largely confined to testing peripheral blood lymphocytes. Little is known how such measurements reflect the disease-mediating autoreactive T cells in the CNS. This information is also not available for murine experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE); the low number of T cells that can be obtained from the blood or the brain of mice prevented such comparisons. We used single-cell resolution IFN-γ ELISPOT assays to measure the frequencies and functional avidities of myelin basic protein (MBP:87–99)-specific CD4 cells in SJL mice immunized with this peptide. Functional MBP:87–99-specific IFN-γ-producing cells were present in the CNS during clinical signs of EAE, but not during phases of recovery. In contrast, MBP:87–99-specific T cells persisted in the blood during all stages of the disease, and were also present in mice that did not develop EAE. Therefore, the increased frequency of MBP:87–99-reactive T cells in the blood reliably reflected the primed state, but not the inflammatory activity of these cells in the brain. The functional avidity of the MBP:87–99-reactive T cells was identical in the brain and blood and did not change over 2 mo as the mice progressed from acute to chronic EAE. Therefore, high-affinity T cells did not become selectively enriched in the target organ, and avidity maturation of the MBP:87–99-specific T cell repertoire did not occur in the observation period. The data may help the interpretation of measurements made with peripheral blood lymphocytes of multiple sclerosis patients.
Schedule UTP - Why So Few Disclosures?

The IRS has published statistics indicating the average corporate taxpayer disclosed 2 to 3 uncertain tax positions per Schedule UTP. As one of the architects of Schedule UTP, I was expecting more UTP disclosures per return. This article explores potential explanations for this “expectation gap” ranging from those that are positive, to those that are relatively benign, to those that should clearly result in IRS action. Positive explanations include corporate taxpayers no longer taking aggressive tax positions because of the Schedule UTP disclosure requirement. Benign explanations include taxpayers no longer recording truly immaterial reserves. Explanations that should result in IRS action include corporations:• Recording a tax reserve but arguing no disclosure is necessary because the reserve is not “required”;• Failing to record a relatively material tax reserve that is then posted to an auditor's net effects schedule; and• Failing to record a tax reserve by constructing a FIN 48 probability distribution table with only a 50 percent probability of litigation.Finally, the IRS should consider imposing a penalty for not adequately filing Schedule UTP. Although a penalty could be obtained through legislation, the IRS could also effectively institute a penalty based on one of the carrot and stick approaches described in this article.
Testing for ability in a competitive labor market

1. INTRODUCTION The seminal works of Akerlof [ 1 ] and Spence [ 13, 141 have stimulated much research on what may be (loosely) termed the economics of infor- mation creation. Although studies in this area have considered various markets, the majority have concentrated on the creation of information about workers’ abilities’ (see, for example, Arrow [2], Riley [ 61, and Stiglitz [ 171). The purpose of the present study is to specify conditions on the information structure that guarantee efficiency of a competitive market for worker ability information. That information structure is termed symmetric as it satisfies the following maxim: What is known to one is known to all. If the infor- mation structure is asymmetric, it does not satisfy this maxim, a competitive equilibrium will not be efficient in general. Two asymmetric information models are specified which illustrate this point. In both these models, a planner can obtain an efficient solution in principle. There is an intimate relationship between the market for information about abilities and the labor market which utilizes this information. Surprisingly, there are very few studies in the labor economics literature that deal with a labor market where the abilities of some workers may not be known with certainty. As a labor market of this type is required to study a market for information about abilities, one is specified in some detail in Section 2. Being primarily interested in the information structure, and because we have
Analysis of the Grüneisen Parameter for Cu and Associated Force-Model Calculations for Cu and Ag

An analysis of the temperature dependence of the thermodynamic Gr\"uneisen parameter ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{1}$ of Cu is performed in order to obtain the values of ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{D}(n)$, essentially the volume derivatives of the $n\mathrm{th}$ moments of the phonon spectrum. Simple phenomenological force-model calculations of ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{l}(T)$ and ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{D}(n)$, which principally make use of the pressure derivatives of the elastic constants and published "harmonic" force models obtained from neutron-diffraction data, have also been performed for Cu and Ag. The sensitivity of the results of the force-model calculations to the various quoted values of the second-order force constants and the pressure derivatives of the elastic constants is indicated. Comparison is made with experiment wherever possible.
The effect of fabric and fiber tow shear on dual scale flow and fiber bundle saturation during liquid molding of textile composites

In Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) processes, a fibrous reinforcement preform is placed or draped over a mold surface, the mold is closed and a resin is either injected under pressure or infused under vacuum to cover all the spaces in between the fibers of the preform to create a composite part. LCM is used in a variety of manufacturing applications, from the aerospace to the medical industries. In this manufacturing process, the properties of the fibrous reinforcement inside the closed mold is of great concern. Preform structure, volume fraction, and permeability all influence the processing characteristics and final part integrity. When preform fabrics are draped over a mold surface, the geometry and characteristics of both the bulk fabric and fiber tow bundles change as the fabric shears to conform to the mold curvature. Numerical simulations can predict resin flow in dual scale fabrics in which one can separately track the filling of the fiber tows in addition to flow of resin within the bulk fabric. The effect of the deformation of the bulk fabric due to draping over the tool surface has been previously addressed by accounting for the change in fiber volume fraction and permeability during the filling of a mold. In this work, we investigate the effect of shearing of the fiber tows in addition to bulk deformation during the dual scale filling. We model the influence of change in fiber tow characteristics due to draping and deformation on mold filling and compare it with the results when the fiber tow deformation effect is ignored. Model experiments are designed and conducted with a dual scale fabric to characterize the change in permeability of fiber tow with deformation angle. Simulations which account for dual scale shear demonstrate that the tow saturation rate is affected, requiring longer fill times, or higher pressures to completely saturate fiber tows in areas of a mold with high local shear. This should prove useful in design of components for applications in which it is imperative to ensure that there are no unfilled fiber tows in the final fabricated component.
Symerythrin structures at atomic resolution and the origins of rubrerythrins and the ferritin-like superfamily.

Rubrerythrins are diiron-containing peroxidases that belong to the ferritin-like superfamily (FLSF). Here, we describe the structures of symerythrin, a novel rubrerythrin variant from the oxygenic phototroph Cyanophora paradoxa, at 1.20-1.40 A resolution in three different states: diferric, azide-bound diferric and chemically reduced. The symerythrin metallocenter has a unique eighth ligating residue compared to rubrerythrin-an additional glutamate inserted into helix A of the four-helix bundle that resides on a π-helical segment. Otherwise, the diferric metallocenter structure is highly similar to that of characterized rubrerythrins. Azide binds the diferric center in a μ-1,1 orientation similar to how peroxide binds to diferric rubrerythrin. The structure of the diferrous metallocenter shows heterogeneity that we ascribe to the acidic pH of the crystals. In what we consider the neutral pH conformation, reduction causes a 2.0-A shift in Fe1 and the toggling of a Glu to a His ligand, as seen with rubrerythrins. The function of symerythrin remains unknown, but preliminary tests showing oxidase and peroxidase activities and the similarities of its metallocenter to other rubrerythrins suggest similar functionalities between the two despite the additional ligating glutamate in symerythrin. Of particular interest is the high internal symmetry of symerythrin, which supports the notion that its core four-helix bundle was formed by the gene duplication and fusion of a two-helix peptide. Sequence comparisons with another family in the FLSF that also has notable internal symmetry provide compelling evidence that, contrary to previous assumptions, there have been multiple gene fusion events that have generated the single-chain FLSF fold.
Using simulation with design for six sigma in a server manufacturing environment

This research presents an integrated simulation modeling-Design For Six Sigma (DFSS) framework to study the design and process issues in a server manufacturing environment. The server assembly process is characterized by long cycle times, high fall-out rates and extremely complex assembly operations. To ensure on-time customer delivery, these enterprises adopt a make-to-plan and build-to-order philosophy. However, this model is extremely complex, resulting in wastes and inefficiencies in the associated processes. Lean and six sigma approaches have been successful in improving performance by eliminating waste in the design and operational processes. In this study, an integrated simulation modeling - DFSS framework is proposed to (i) address effects of variation, (ii) assess interactions effects between various sub-systems, and (iii) study proposed process (or design) changes, while performing "what-if" analysis. This framework was then used to identify opportunities for improving the operational and design issues in a server manufacturing environment.
Contributions to the study of the periodic solutions of the Riccati equation

We investigate certain questions concerning the periodic structure of the matrix Riccati differential equation with constant coefficients. A closed form expression for the periodic solutions is obtained and we analyze the case involving repeated eigenvalues in the associated linear Hamiltonian system. We extend previously known results by establishing that the periodic solutions are bounded if and only if their range is controllable.
Experimental Investigation on the Plasticity of Hexagonal Aluminum Honeycomb Under Multiaxial Loading

A new custom-built universal biaxial testing device (UBTD) is introduced and successfully used to investigate the response of aluminum honeycomb under various combinations of large shear and compressive strains in its tubular direction. At the macroscopic level, different characteristic regimes are identified in the measured shear and normal stress-strain curves: elastic I, elastic II, nucleation, softening, and crushing. The first elastic regime shows a conventional linear elastic response, whereas the second elastic regime is nonlinear due to the generation of elastic buckles in the honeycomb microstructure. Nucleation is the point at which the cellular structure loses its load carrying capacity as a result of plastic collapse. It precedes a rapid drop of stress levels in the softening regime as pronounced plastic collapse bands emerge in the microstructure. Formation and growth of plastic folds dominate the microstructural response in the crushing phase. The mechanical features of this phase are long stress plateaus for both the corresponding shear and compressive stress-strain curses. Based on these observations, honeycomb plasticity is established by making analogies of plastic hinge lines and folding systems in the cellular microstructure with dislocations and slip line systems in a solid lattice, respectively. The initial yield surface is found to take the form of an ellipse in stress space, while the crushing behavior is described by a linear envelope along with a nonassociated flow rule based on total strain increments.
Solution methods for eigenvalue problems in structural mechanics

SUMMARY A survey of probably the most efficient solution methods currently in use for the problems K+ = w2M+ and K+ = XK,\lr is presented. In the eigenvalue problems the stiffness matrices K and KG and the mass matrix M can be full or banded; the mass matrix can be diagonal with zero diagonal elements. The choice is between the wellknown QR method, a generalized Jacobi iteration, a new determinant search technique and an automated subspace iteration. The system size, the bandwidth and the number of required eigenvalues and eigenvectors determine which method should be used on a particular problem. The numerical advantages of each solution technique, operation counts and storage requirements are given to establish guidelines for the selection of the appropriate algorithm. A large number of typical solution times are presented.
Distinguishing in vitro electrochemical signatures for norepinephrine and dopamine

An electrochemical method for the qualitative detection of dopamine and norepinephrine in the presence of serotonin and other purported contaminants in vitro is described. The method uses semidifferential electrochemistry in conjunction with a stearate graphite paste electrode. A method to distinguish electrochemical signatures for specific catecholamines is particularly important because catecholamines are known to have similar oxidation potentials for electrochemical detection. The findings may bear relevance to the interpretation of electrochemical signals from discrete brain nuclei in vivo.
The Infrared Spectra of Propylene and Propylene-d 6 *

The infrared spectrum of propylene has been obtained under somewhat higher resolution than that used by previous workers. The improved resolution enables the assignment of many bands on the basis of the band types of the nearly symmetrical top. No important changes are made in existing assignments. The spectrum of propylene-d6 has been obtained. From an overtone band the unobserved torsional frequency is located at 174 cm−1 in propylene and at about 130 cm−1 in propylene-d6.
A New Electromagnetic Engine Valve Actuator with Less Energy Consumption for Variable Valve Timing

A variable valve timing (VVT) can improve fuel efficiency, reduce CO2 emissions and increase torque output enabling optimization of these outputs at different engine conditions. To achieve VVT in internal combustion engine, new devices such as mechanical, hydraulic, motor-driven and electromagnetic actuators have been developed in past years to replace the conventional camshaft valve train system used currently. Among these, the electromagnetic actuator using solenoids is the most advanced system to provide the most flexibility to valve timing, but it has critical drawback of high power consumption. In this paper, a new electromagnetic engine valve actuator that uses permanent magnets to latch the valve is introduced.
Luminous enough for a cognitive home

In this paper I argue that there is no viable alternative to construing our knowledge and justified belief as resting on a foundation restricted to truths about our internal states. Against Williamson and others I defend the claim that the internal life of a cognizer really does constitute a special sort of cognitive home that is importantly different from the rest of what we think we know and justifiably believe.
Testing the Army's Intelligence: Psychologists and the Military in World War I

ROBERT M. YERKES, president of the American Psychological Association in 1917, was ambitious for his science. He campaigned hard to introduce intelligence testing into the personnel procedures of the army during World War I. At the time, many scientists worked with the army and navy in a professional capacity, yet historians have written relatively little about them. Yerkes' experience is an illuminating chapter in the historical relationship of scientists and the military in the United States. The forty-year-old Yerkes had come a long way from his family's small farm in Breadysville, Pennsylvania: first to the local normal school, then to the nearest college, and, finally, to the Harvard department of philosophy and psychology.' There he came under the influence of his teacher and colleague, Hugo MUnsterberg. The apotheosis of the Old World professor, MUnsterberg disliked America's equalitarianism. He preferred the hierarchical ways of his native Germany, where, he believed, "the superiority of expert work and expert judgment {had] found its fullest development. MUnsterberg urged American industry to administer mental tests to employees. Psychology, he argued, could point to 'those personalities which by their mental qualities are especially fit for a particular kind of economic work.' 2 Yerkes, impressed by Minsterberg's ideas, spent part of his time experimenting with tests of mental ability at the psychopathic department
Some observations on animism.

Twenty patients with the diagnosis of psychosis with cerebral arteriosclerosis and 10 patients with dementia praecox, hebephrenic type, were studied to determine the degree of primitive animism they showed. Only 40 per cent of the organic patients and 20 per cent of the schizophrenics tested in the adult stage. Their responses were compared with the work of Piaget with children and the work of Dennis and Mallinger with the aged.
Capsular bag opacification with a new accommodating intraocular lens.

Purpose To evaluate the biocompatibility and capsular bag opacification of an accommodating intraocular lens (IOL) containing large haptic elements that separate the anterior and posterior capsules. Setting John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Design Experimental study. Methods Bilateral phacoemulsification with IOL implantation was performed in 6 New Zealand rabbits. Each animal received a study (accommodating) IOL and a control (1-piece hydrophobic acrylic) IOL. Eyes were examined at the slitlamp from 1 day through 6 weeks postoperatively. The globes were then enucleated and evaluated grossly. Capsular bag opacification was scored from the posterior aspect (Miyake-Apple view). The eyes were then processed for complete histopathologic evaluation. Results At 6 weeks, the mean posterior capsule opacification (PCO) clinical score was 0.5 ± 0.3 (SD) in the study group and 3.0 ± 0.9 in the control group (P=.001, 2-tail paired t test). Anterior capsule opacification was practically absent in the study group and mild in the control group. Miyake-Apple posterior view showed a mean central PCO score of 0 ± 0 in the study group and 3.0 ± 1.1 in the control group (P=.001), peripheral PCO score of 0.7 ± 0.4 and 3.5 ± 0.8 (P=.0006), respectively, and Soemmerring ring score of 2.3 ± 0.8 and 7.0 ± 2.8 (P=.01), respectively. Histopathology showed no signs of toxicity in any eye. Conclusions The study IOL maintained an expanded capsular bag secondary to the large size of the haptic elements, which appears to prevent capsular bag opacification. Financial Disclosure Dr. Werner is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Powervision, Inc. No other author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
A laboratory-based study of mood and binge eating behavior in overweight children

Purpose Associations between negative mood and binge eating in the laboratory are well-established in adults, but such data are limited in youth. We investigated the relation between mood and binge eating in children using a laboratory feeding paradigm.
Succinoxidase inhibition studies. II. Mechanism of the binding of a naphthoquinone and of antimycin A by serum albumin

Abstract 1. 1. Experimental results are given for the binding of two inhibitors of succinoxidase activity, the naphthoquinone SN-5949 and antimycin A, by various albumins. A theoretical analysis for the interaction of a noncompetitive inhibitor with both extraneous protein and with enzyme has been applied to the data. 2. 2. The maximum possible number of molecules of SN-5949 that may be bound by one molecule of human, bovine, or equine albumin under the particular experimental conditions is respectively 3, 2, and 1. The data obtained with antimycin A are not amenable to treatment by the same simple analysis.
Pleiotropic Effects of p300-mediated Acetylation on p68 and p72 RNA Helicase

Here, we demonstrate that p68 (DDX5) and p72 (DDX17), two homologous RNA helicases and transcriptional cofactors, are substrates for the acetyltransferase p300 in vitro and in vivo. Mutation of acetylation sites affected the binding of p68/p72 to histone deacetylases, but not to p300 or estrogen receptor. Acetylation additionally increased the stability of p68 and p72 RNA helicase and stimulated their ability to coactivate the estrogen receptor, thereby potentially contributing to its aberrant activation in breast tumors. Also, acetylation of p72, but not of p68 RNA helicase, enhanced p53-dependent activation of the MDM2 promoter, pointing at another mechanism of how p72 acetylation may facilitate carcinogenesis by boosting the negative p53-MDM2 feedback loop. Furthermore, blocking p72 acetylation caused cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, revealing an essential role for p72 acetylation. In conclusion, our report has identified for the first time that acetylation modulates RNA helicases and provides multiple mechanisms how acetylation of p68 and p72 may affect normal and tumor cells.