cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social networking in government: an exploration of the use of the Twitter micro-blogging service by U. S. state governors

In the last decade, an increasing number of Americans use the web to access information and services. Government agencies have responded to their citizens' need by providing a substantial array of online services through websites to reach a wider spectrum of the population. However, in recent years, focus on the web has shifted from online services to information exchange and participation. Web 2.0 services like blogging, micro-blogging, social networking have become channels of information sharing and communication between friends, followers, and stakeholders. Though there have been studies on the use of such services by political candidates, there have been few studies focused on elected representatives in state and federal agencies. This study explores how sitting governors are using the Twitter micro-blogging service. We obtained two levels of friends and followers of ten state governor's Twitter accounts to study their interactions with respect to reciprocity and spatial characteristics of their networks. Our results show that the governors have significantly more Twitter followers than friends. In addition, most governors are followed by citizens in their own states (primarily from urban areas). It also appears that the network characteristics are very different from those in other social networks.
Characterization of a picosecond CO2 laser system.

The pulse duration of an optical free induction decay picosecond CO2 laser system was modeled and compared to autocorrelation measurements. Satisfactory agreement was obtained indicating that pulses as short as 20 psec were produced. The pulse duration can be continuously adjusted up to ∼200 psec by changing the CO2 gas pressure.
Shape and size of isolated bone mineralites measured using atomic force microscopy

The inorganic phase of bone is comprised primarily of very small mineralites. The size and shape of these mineralites play fundamental roles in maintaining ionic homeostasis and in the biomechanical function of bone. Using atomic force microscopy, we have obtained direct three-dimensional visual evidence of the size and shape of native protein-free mineralites isolated from mature bovine bone. Approximately 98% of the mineralites are less than 2 nm thick displaying a plate-like habit. Distributions of both thickness and width show single peaks. The distribution of lengths may be multimodal with distinct peaks separated by ∼6 nm. Application of our results is expected to be of use in the design of novel orthopaedic biomaterials. In addition, they provide more accurate inputs to molecular-scale models aimed at predicting the physiological and mechanical behavior of bone.
A fully-integrated bandpass amplifier for extracellular neural recording

This paper describes a fully-integrated bandpass amplifier for neural recording applications. Diode-connected sub-threshold-biased NMOS transistors in the feedback loop of the amplifier realize the high on-chip impedance necessary to eliminate the dc baseline potential of the electrode while amplifying neural field and action potentials. The amplifier has an in-band gain of 38.2dB, a dc gain of 0, an upper cutoff frequency of 24kHz and a low frequency cutoff of 66mHz. It consumes 92/spl mu/W from /spl plusmn/1.5V supplies and has an input-referred noise of 16.6/spl mu/Vrms integrated from 100Hz-10kHz. The amplifier occupies 0.082mm/sup 2/ in 3/spl mu/m features and is being used on a 64-site neural recording probe.
CRLH metamaterial receiving leaky wave antenna integrated with distributed amplifier

We propose a CRLH receiving leaky wave antenna integrated with a distributed amplifier. This active antenna uses the interdigital capacitor-based CRLH transmission line, microstrip line and FETs. The signal received by CRLH antennas travels to each unit-cell through FETs. An amplified forward wave in the right hand region and an amplified backward wave in the left hand region are provided at the output ports. A symmetrical 5 unit-cell prototype demonstrates the proposed active receiving leaky wave antenna. The measured and simulated forward and reverse amplifier gains are presented and beam scanning has been observed.
Environmental, biochemical and molecular factors regulating manganese-induced neurological injury

Manganese intoxication is most often regarded as an occupational disorder in which abnormally high atmospheric concentrations prevail, such as in welding and mining. The syndrome known as manganism is characterized by cognitive, behavioral, intellectual and minor neurological disturbances in the initial stages of the disorder and by more prominent and irreversible extrapyramidal dysfunction resembling Parkinson's disease upon prolonged exposure. Recent evidence further reveals that individuals with liver dysfunction and those receiving parenteral nutrition exhibit many of the same symptoms as occupationally exposed workers. Common homeostatic processes are normally capable of preventing Mn overload for a typical dietary intake but in environmental settings in which occupational exposures are both chronic and excessive, these regulatory processes are inadequate to maintain tolerable levels of the metal, as demonstrated by significant increases in both blood and brain levels of Mn. Based on T1-weighted MRI ...
Protein Kinase Cδ Mediates Ethanol-induced Up-regulation of L-type Calcium Channels

Brief ethanol exposure inhibits L-type, voltage-gated calcium channels in neural cells, whereas chronic exposure increases the number of functional channels. In PC12 cells, this adaptive response is mediated by protein kinase C (PKC), but the PKC isozyme responsible is unknown. Since chronic ethanol exposure increases expression of PKCδ and PKCe, we investigated the role these isozymes play in up-regulation of L-type channels by ethanol. Incubation with the PKC inhibitor GF 109203X or expression of a PKCδ fragment that inhibits phorbol ester-induced PKCδ translocation largely prevented ethanol-induced increases in dihydropyridine binding and K+-stimulated 45Ca2+uptake. A corresponding PKCe fragment had no effect on this response. These findings indicate that PKCδ mediates up-regulation of L-type channels by ethanol. Remaining responses to ethanol in cells expressing the PKCδ fragment were not inhibited by GF 109203X, indicating that PKCδ-independent mechanisms also contribute. PKCδ overexpression increased binding sites for dihydropyridine and L-channel antagonists, but did not increase K+-stimulated45Ca2+ uptake, possibly because of homeostatic responses that maintain base-line levels of channel function. Since L-type channels modulate drinking behavior and contribute to neuronal hyperexcitability during alcohol withdrawal, these findings suggest an important role for PKCδ in alcohol consumption and dependence.
Surgical Innovations Arising from the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars

The delivery of combat casualty care poses numerous challenges including austere conditions, limited supplies and medical personnel, and multiple simultaneous patients. However, the exigent circumstances of the battlefield compel the development of research and the advancement of adaptive, practical medical technologies to support and sustain military health. In Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), modern changes in medical management, coupled with improved protective gear and evacuation capabilities, have facilitated the highest survival rate in combat history.
Specifications and an implementation of the type-ambiguity problem in PASCAL

Certain ambiguities in the definition of Pascal imperil the portability of Pascal programs. Specifications and an implementation of alternative interpretations are presented. Context-free grammars augmented with guarded commands are demonstrated as a notation for specifying the static context-sensitive constraints of programming languages. Most of the advantages of context-free grammars are preserved and yet the potential range of the syntactic definition component has been extended to encompass all static constraints. Context-sensitive syntax typically tends to either clutter the semantic definition component or (as with type equivalence in Pascal) result in undesirable implementor-dependent decisions. An implementation of a CFG-based parser that automatically checks for the defined context-sensitive constraints is also described. In addition stepwise abstraction is introduced as a practical technique for communicating formal programming language definitions.
Gangliosides of CSF and Plasma: Their Relation to the Nervous System

The lipid composition of body fluids has become a subject of growing interest in the field of sphingolipidoses and related disorders ever since the recognition that lipid abnormalities which characterize these diseases are often manifested in one or more such fluids. CSF1 has special significance in relation to neurological disorders and some evidence suggests that lipid alterations in this fluid may be correlated with certain categories of disease. Thus, on the basis of one survey Christensen and Matzke (1965) suggested that the ratio of cerebroside to lecithin provides an index of white matter destruction. A detailed study of CSF lipids in multiple sclerosis patients by Tourtel lotte and Haerer (1969) revealed several lipids to be elevated above normal with cerebrosides showing the most characteristic increase. Hagberg and Svennerholm (1960) detected sulfatides in the CSF of patients with late infantile metachromatic leucodystrophy but did not quantify or compare them with normal levels.
Effect of Diesel and Water Co-injection with Real-Time Control on Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions

A system for injection of diesel fuel and water with realtime control, or real-time water injection (RTWI), was developed and applied to a heavy-duty diesel engine. The RTWI system featured electronic unit pumps that delivered metered volumes of water to electronic unit injectors (EUI) modified to incorporate the water addition passages. The water and diesel mixed in the injector tip such that the initial portion of the injection contained mostly diesel fuel, while the balance of the injection was a water and diesel mixture. With this hardware, realtime cycle-by-cycle control of water mass was used to mitigate soot formation during diesel combustion. Using RTWI alone, NOx emissions were reduced by 42%. Using high-pressure-loop exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and conventional diesel combustion with RTWI, the NOx was reduced by 82%. Perhaps the most promising results obtained with the RTWI system were the simultaneous NOx and smoke reductions during a load step transient while realizing a faster torque rise than otherwise obtainable within smoke limits.
Epigenetic inheritance uncoupled from sequence-specific recruitment

Changes in histone posttranslational modifications are associated with epigenetic states that define distinct patterns of gene expression. It remains unclear whether epigenetic information can be transmitted through histone modifications independently of specific DNA sequence, DNA methylation, or RNA interference. Here we show that, in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, ectopically induced domains of histone H3 lysine 9 methylation (H3K9me), a conserved marker of heterochromatin, are inherited through several mitotic and meiotic cell divisions after removal of the sequence-specific initiator. The putative JmjC domain H3K9 demethylase, Epe1, and the chromodomain of the H3K9 methyltransferase, Clr4/Suv39h, play opposing roles in maintaining silent H3K9me domains. These results demonstrate how a direct "read-write" mechanism involving Clr4 propagates histone modifications and allows histones to act as carriers of epigenetic information.
Non-erythroid beta spectrin interacting proteins and their effects on spectrin tetramerization

With yeast two-hybrid methods, we used a C-terminal fragment (residues 1697–2145) of non-erythroid beta spectrin (βII-C), including the region involved in the association with alpha spectrin to form tetramers, as the bait to screen a human brain cDNA library to identify proteins interacting with βII-C. We applied stringent selection steps to eliminate false positives and identified 17 proteins that interacted with βII-C (IPβII-C s). The proteins include a fragment (residues 38–284) of “THAP domain containing, apoptosis associated protein 3, isoform CRA g”, “glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 2” (residues 1-478), a fragment (residues 74–442) of septin 8 isoform c, a fragment (residues 704–953) of “coatomer protein complex, subunit beta 1, a fragment (residues 146–614) of zinc-finger protein 251, and a fragment (residues 284–435) of syntaxin binding protein 1. We used yeast three-hybrid system to determine the effects of these βII-C interacting proteins as well as of 7 proteins previously identified to interact with the tetramerization region of non-erythroid alpha spectrin (IPαII-N s) [1] on spectrin tetramer formation. The results showed that 3 IPβII-C s were able to bind βII-C even in the presence of αII-N, and 4 IPαII-N s were able to bind αII-N in the presence of βII-C. We also found that the syntaxin binding protein 1 fragment abolished αII-N and βII-C interaction, suggesting that this protein may inhibit or regulate non-erythroid spectrin tetramer formation.
Parental Satisfaction A Review of Research

Parental satisfaction in the United States has been largely ignored by social scientists. This article attempts to review, criticize, and integrate relevant materials into constructive insights and recommendations for researchers committed to explaining the subject, and for practitioners devoted to improving the institution of parenthood.
A New Strategy, SuperEnzyme Gene Therapy in Penile Rehabilitation*

ABSTRACT Introduction Erectile dysfunction (ED) after radical prostatectomy (RP) is a very common condition. Prostacyclin (PGI 2 ) is a prostaglandin with properties of vasodilation and anti‐platelet aggregation. SuperEnzyme is a newly engineered protein with PGI 2 synthase activity that converts arachidonic acid directly to PGI 2 . Transfection of SuperEnzyme into the penis to generate high levels of PGI 2 may increase penile blood inflow, alleviate hypoxia, and prevent apoptosis and fibrosis with potential use for ED after RP. Aim The pathophysiology of ED after RP and the prostaglandin regulation was reviewed, and the possibly relevant mechanism of SuperEnzyme as a therapy for ED after RP was proposed. Main Outcome Measure The rationale for SuperEnzyme as a possible therapy for ED after RP is analyzed. Methods We reviewed the publications on the proposed pathophysiology of ED after RP, the molecular regulation of prostaglandin and methods of SuperEnzyme engineering and transfection. Results ED after RP is involved in hypoxia, apoptosis and fibrosis, mainly due to the cavernosal nerve injury. Transfection of SuperEnzyme into the penis of an animal model to produce PGI 2 is feasible. Animal studies with the use of SuperEnzyme gene therapy are needed to provide new insight into metabolic and signaling pathways of PGI 2 in the penis and the role of PGI 2 signaling in the recovery of erectile function after RP. Conclusion SuperEnzyme may be a potential candidate as a gene therapy for ED after RP. Yuan JH, Westney OL, Ruan K‐H, and Wang R. A new strategy, SuperEnzyme gene therapy in penile rehabilitation.
Improved Estimation of Controlled Direct Effects in the Presence of Unmeasured Confounding of Intermediate Variables

Adjusting for a causal intermediate is a common analytic strategy for estimating an average causal direct effect (ACDE). The ACDE is the component of the total exposure effect that is not relayed through the specified intermediate. Even if the total effect is unconfounded, the usual ACDE estimate may be biased when an unmeasured variable affects the intermediate and outcome variables. Using linear programming optimization to compute non-parametric bounds, we develop new ACDE estimators for binary measured variables in this causal structure, and use root mean square confounding bias (RMSB) to compare their performance with the usual stratified estimator in simulated distributions of target populations comprised of the 64 possible potential response types as well as distributions of target populations restricted to subsets of 18 or 12 potential response types defined by monotonicity or no-interactions assumptions of unit-level causal effects. We also consider target population distributions conditioned on fixed outcome risk among the unexposed, or fixed true ACDE in one stratum of the intermediate. Results show that a midpoint estimator constructed from the optimization bounds has consistently lower RMSB than the usual stratified estimator both unconditionally and conditioned on any risk in the unexposed. When conditioning on true ACDE, this midpoint estimator performs more poorly only when conditioned on an extreme true ACDE in one stratum of the intermediate, yet outperforms the stratified estimator in the other stratum when interaction is permitted. An alternate 'limit-modified crude' estimator can never perform less favourably than the stratified estimator, and often has lower RMSB.
Diagnostic Test Generation for Transition Delay Faults Using Stuck-At Fault Detection Tools

By adding a few logic gates and one or two modeling flip-flops to the circuit under test (CUT), we create a detection or diagnostic automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) model of transition delay faults usable by a conventional single stuck-at fault test pattern generator. Given a transition delay fault pair, the diagnostic ATPG model can either find an exclusive test or prove the equivalence of the fault pair. Our work offers advantages over existing work. First, the detection of a transition delay fault or the diagnosis of a fault pair can be modeled in only one instead of two or four time-frames of the CUT. Second, an exclusive test can be generated under either launch off capture (LOC) or launch off shift (LOS) mode for a full-scan sequential circuit. Third, the proposed ATPG models can be expanded into two time frames to facilitate the use of combinational ATPG tools, though with lower modeling complexity than was possible before. As a result, the percentage of distinguished transition delay fault pairs is larger and the proposed automatic exclusive test generation system is more time-efficient.
Association of Prostate Cancer Risk With Genetic Polymorphisms in Vitamin D Receptor and Androgen Receptor

Background: Prostate cancer is an increasingly common disease for which there are few well-established risk factors. Family history data suggest a genetic component; however, the majority of prostate cancer cases cannot be explained by a single-gene model. Prostate cell division is influenced by two steroid hormones, testosterone and vitamin D, the action of each being mediated by its respective receptor. The genes for the two receptors are candidates in a multigenic model for prostate cancer susceptibility. Purpose: We examined genetic polymorphisms in two steroid receptors, the androgen receptor (AR) and the vitamin D receptor (VDR), in a case-control pilot study of prostate cancer. Methods: Fifty-seven non-Hispanic white case patients with prostate cancer and 169 non-Hispanic white control subjects were genotyped for a previously described microsatel-lite (CAG repeats) in the AR gene and for a newly discovered poly-A micro-satellite in the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of the VDR gene. To compare genotypes with respect to prostate cancer risk, we estimated odds ratios (ORs) by using logistic regression. ORs were also estimated separately for advanced and localized cases of disease. All P values resulted from two-sided tests. Results: Both the AR and the VDR polymorphisms were associated, individually and after mutual adjustment, with prostate cancer. Adjusted ORs (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for prostate cancer were 2.10 (95% CI = 1.11-3.99) for individuals carrying an AR CAG allele with fewer than 20 repeats versus an allele with 20 or more repeats and 4.61 (95% CI = 1.34-15.82) for individuals carrying at least one long (A 18 to A 22 ) VDR poly-A allele versus two short (A 14 to A 17 ) poly-A alleles. For both the AR and VDR genes, the at-risk genotypes were more strongly associated with advanced disease than with localized disease. Conclusions : In this pilot study, genetic variation in both the VDR and the AR genes was associated with prostate cancer, and both genes appear to preferentially confer risk for advanced disease. These two genetic risk factors, if confirmed, are among the strongest risk factors yet identified for prostate cancer. Implications: These results are consistent with a multigenic model of prostate cancer susceptibility. On the basis of the joint effect of several genetic loci, one might ultimately be able to construct a risk profile to predict advanced disease, so that men whose disease is unlikely to progress to an advanced stage can possibly be spared aggressive treatment.
Subprime Loans: A Reversal of Capital and a New Means of Inequality

This article provides a socio-historical analysis of particular financial instruments in the housing market. I argue that the production and consumption of subprime loans continue to evince a pattern of racial discrimination. Whereas racialized loans in the mid-1900s were based on providing credit to whites and precluding blacks from accessing credit (Wave I), a new means of financial production was predicated by the opposite (Wave II). Although the first wave of home ownership led to real increases in wealth, the second wave led to a housing bubble that resulted in less or negative wealth. Under the subprime era, banking institutions could reap profits when homeowners paid their loans on time or defaulted. White homeowners continued to fare better than black homeowners.
Making meaning brings pleasure: the influence of titles on aesthetic experiences.

The extent to which titles influence aesthetic experiences was examined in 3 experiments. Participants viewed and rated illustrations and photographs on understanding and qualities of the aesthetic experience (e.g., enjoyment, interest). The presence and type of title were manipulated across conditions and experiments. Metaphorical titles led to greater aesthetic experiences than either no title or descriptive titles (the elaboration effect). The elaboration effect occurred regardless of whether participants believed the titles to be true or false. It also occurred for art-experienced participants, but only for representational and not abstract illustrations. Random titles lowered understanding but not aesthetic experiences. Overall, titles increased aesthetic experiences only when they contributed to rich and coherent representations.
Prediabetes Linked to Excess Glucagon in Transgenic Mice with Pancreatic Active AKT1

Protein kinase B/AKT has three isoforms (AKT1-3) and is renowned for its central role in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation, due to its constitutive activation in various cancers. AKT2, which is highly expressed in insulin-responsive tissues, has been identified as a primary regulator of glucose metabolism as Akt2 knockout mice (Akt2(-/-)) are glucose-intolerant and insulin-resistant. However, the role of AKT1 in glucose metabolism is not as clearly defined. We previously showed that mice with myristoylated Akt1 (AKT1(Myr)) expressed through a bicistronic Pdx1-TetA and TetO-MyrAkt1 system were susceptible to islet cell carcinomas, and in this study we characterized an early onset, prediabetic phenotype. Beginning at weaning (3 weeks of age), the glucose-intolerant AKT1(Myr) mice exhibited non-fasted hyperglycemia, which progressed to fasted hyperglycemia by 5 months of age. The glucose intolerance was attributed to a fasted hyperglucagonemia, and hepatic insulin resistance detectable by reduced phosphorylation of the insulin receptor following insulin injection into the inferior vena cava. In contrast, treatment with doxycycline diet to turn off the transgene caused attenuation of the non-fasted and fasted hyperglycemia, thus affirming AKT1 hyperactivation as the trigger. Collectively, this model highlights a novel glucagon-mediated mechanism by which AKT1 hyperactivation affects glucose homeostasis and provides an avenue to better delineate the molecular mechanisms responsible for diabetes mellitus and the potential association with pancreatic cancer.
River Nutrient and Chemical Transport Estimation

This paper presents calculational methods for estimating the river flux of materials when continuous flow records and little concentration data are available. These methods are especially applicable to materials whose concentration is a function of flow rate (most substances). They are applied to total phosphorus and suspended sediment in the rivers of the Lake Erie Basin and compared with previous methods of estimation. Total phosphorus is an important pollutant to Lake Erie because much of this particulate material can be converted to a soluble form and utilized by the algae in the lake. Thus, the estimation methods were applied extensively to Lake Erie river basins. The calculated total phosphorus effluxes were compared between river basins on a unit area basis. The results indicate a large variability of unit area loadings, even for river basins that are very similar.
Lung cancer treatment outcomes in recipients of lung transplant

Background: Lung transplant recipients develop lung cancer more commonly than the general population. The best treatment approach for these patients is unclear. The goal of this study is to evaluate treatment outcomes in this population. Methods: We used the Cleveland Clinic lung transplant database to identify patients diagnosed with lung cancer at the time of or after lung transplant. Transplant and lung cancer-related data were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Among 847 patients underwent lung transplant between 2005 and 2013, 17 (2%) were diagnosed with lung cancer and included. Median age was 61 (range, 48–70) years. Majority were stage I/II (n=11), one had stage IIIA, five had stage IV. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were more common than small cell lung cancer (SCLC) (n=15 vs . 2). Curative treatment was performed as lobectomy in native lung (n=1), and radiation in transplanted lung (n=2). Chemotherapy was given in 10 patients, primarily carboplatin-based doublets with docetaxel, pemetrexed, or etoposide. Six of these received palliative chemotherapy for either metastases at diagnosis (n=3) or recurrence after early stage disease (n=3). Except for one patient with complete response, all others had progressive disease following palliative chemotherapy. Overall, patients who received chemotherapy had a median survival of 7.5 months from the initiation of chemotherapy, but 30% developed grade 5 sepsis. Median survival for stage I–IIIA and stage IV were 23.2 and 2.5 months respectively. Conclusions: Lung cancer in lung transplant recipients carries various clinical courses. Patients with metastatic disease have substantial toxicities from chemotherapy and poor survival. Early stage patients should be offered treatment with modified dosages to decrease the risk of severe toxicities.
Isolated Heart Preparations, Problems, and Pitfalls

Isolated heart preparations allow many biochemical, physiological, morphological, and pharmacological indices to be evaluated without the confounding effects of other organs, the systemic circulation, and a host of potential confounding responses such as circulating neurohumeral substances. Researchers were able to independently study the role of temperature, oxygen, calcium ions, electrical activity, and autonomic nervous system effects and, more recently, the role of specific genetic variables. When hearts of small laboratory animals are used, the preparations are highly reproducible and can be used quickly in large numbers at relatively low cost. Historically research conducted on isolated hearts led to the discovery of chemical transmission of vagal stimulation, and the importance of preload and afterload to cardiac function. Other important advances include significant understanding of ischemia-reperfusion injury, cell-based therapy, and heart preservation.
Effect of Temperature on the Desorption of Lithium from Molybdenum(110) Surfaces: Implications for Fusion Reactor First Wall Materials

Determining the strength of Li binding to Mo is critical to assessing the survivability of Li as a potential first wall material in fusion reactors. We present the results of a joint experimental and theoretical investigation into how Li desorbs from Mo(110) surfaces, based on what can be deduced from temperature-programmed desorption measurements and density functional theory (DFT). Li desorption peaks measured at temperatures ranging from 711 K (1 monolayer, ML) to 1030 K (0.04 ML), with corresponding desorption onsets from 489 to 878 K, follow a trend similar to predicted Gibbs free energies for Li adsorption. Bader charge analysis of DFT densities reveals that repulsive forces between neighboring positively charged Li atoms increase with coverage and thus reduce the bond strength between Mo and Li, thereby lowering the desorption temperature as the coverage increases. Additionally, DFT predicts that Li desorbs at higher temperatures from a surface with vacancies than from a perfect surface, offering a...
On the\(\bar \partial \) equation in weightedL2 norms in ℂ1equation in weightedL2 norms in ℂ1

For a large class of subharmonicφ, the equation\(\bar \partial u = f\) is studied in\(\mathcal{H} = L^2 (\mathbb{C}^1 ,e^{ - \varphi } )\). Pointwise upper bounds are derived for the distribution kernels of the canonical solution operator and of the orthogonal projection onto the space of entire functions inH. Existence theorems inLp norms are derived as a corollary. A class of counterexamples, related to the failure of\(\bar \partial _b \) to be analytic-hypoelliptic on certain CR manifolds, is discussed.
Some Considerations When Abstracting

My dictionary (Urdang, 1973) defines the abstract as “something that concentrates in itself the essential qualities of anything more extensive or more general, or of several things; essence.” As it applies to writing, Houghton (1975) says, “An abstract can be defined as a summary of the in/ormation in a document.” Although these definitions are clear and direct, they sometimes get muddled or lost during the writing of a manuscript. As a result, the abstract falls short of its function and the manuscript is greatly weakened. The reviewing, editing, and possible publication of the manuscript can be substantially delayed because of its weak and insufficient abstract. To help expedite matters, I offer the following comments concerning abstracts. I offer these for your benefit, for the benefit of your readers, and for the benefit of ditors, viewers, and publication staffs everywhere.
Clinical Study on the Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Associated with Myositis

Objective To study the clinical features and sigificance of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) patients associated with myositis Methods A comparative study of 64 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with myositis and 43 cases of dermatomyositis(DM) was carried out by the observation of clinical features, serum levels of muscle enzymes, electromyographic pattern and muscle biopsies Results The results showed there were 35 5% of patients with SLE associated with myositis The myositis symptoms, muscle weakness and atrophy in these patients were less significant than those of DM (P 0 01) The abnormal esophageal motility was not seen in these patients Although the serum level of muscle enzymes in SLE patients with myositis was elevated, the level was significantly lower than that of DM patients(P 0 01) Electromyographic abnormality accounted for 74 4%(32/43) of SLE patients with muscle involvement, and the difference was not significant from that of DM patients (P 0 05) Muscle biopsy showed that there were obvious interstitial vasculitis with infiltration of lymphocytes and histiocytes, focal swelling and homogeneous degeneration of mucscle fibers, and no necrosis fragmentation was observed Conclusion SLE myositis has its distinct clinical and pathological characteristics which are different from those of DM
Plaque characterization: surrogate markers or the real thing?*

Despite what we have learned about atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, more than 50% of cases of acute myocardial infarction still occur unexpectedly, and many of these present as sudden death [(1)][1]. We understand many of the biological and environmental factors involved in the
There is a blind spot in AI research

Fears about the future impacts of artificial intelligence are distracting researchers from the real risks of deployed systems, argue Kate Crawford and Ryan Calo.
The Arabidopsis Elongator complex is required for nonhost resistance against the bacterial pathogens Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri and Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola NPS3121

Although in recent years nonhost resistance has attracted considerable attention for its broad spectrum and durability, the genetic and mechanistic components of nonhost resistance have not been fully understood. We used molecular and histochemical approaches including quantitative PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine and aniline blue staining. The evolutionarily conserved histone acetyltransferase complex Elongator was identified as a major component of nonhost resistance against Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Psp) NPS3121. Mutations in Elongator genes inhibit Xcc-, Psp NPS3121- and/or flg22-induced defense responses including defense gene expression, callose deposition, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and salicylic acid (SA) accumulation. Mutations in Elongator also attenuate the ROS-SA amplification loop. We show that suppressed ROS and SA accumulation in Elongator mutants is correlated with reduced expression of the Arabidopsis respiratory burst oxidase homologue AtrbohD and the SA biosynthesis gene ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE1 (ICS1). Furthermore, we found that the Elongator subunit ELP2 is associated with the chromatin of AtrbohD and ICS1 and is required for maintaining basal histone H3 acetylation levels in these key defense genes. As both AtrbohD and ICS1 contribute to nonhost resistance against Xcc, our results reveal an epigenetic mechanism by which Elongator regulates nonhost resistance in Arabidopsis.
Primary insomnia in older persons

What are the effects of nondrug and drug treatments for primary insomnia in older persons (those 60 years and older)?
A review and evaluation of the internal structure and consistency of the Approaches to Teaching Inventory

ABSTRACTThis study presents a review from 39 studies that provide evidence for the structural validity and internal consistency of the Approaches to Teaching Inventory (ATI). In addition to this review, we evaluate many alternative factor structures on a sample of 267 first- and second-year chemistry faculty members participating in a professional development, a sample of instructors for which the ATI was originally designed. A total of 26 unique factor structures were evaluated. Through robust checking of assumptions, compilations of existing evidence, and new exploratory and confirmatory analyses, we found that there is greater evidence for the structural validity and internal consistency for the 22-item ATI than the 16-item ATI. Additionally, evidence supporting the original two-factor and four-factor structures proposed by the ATI authors (focusing on information transmission and conceptual change) were not reproducible and while alternative models were empirically viable, more theoretical justificati...
A Mathematical Model for Drill Point Geometry

An adequate mathematical representation to describe the drill point configuration is needed for the analysis and design of drill geometry. Based on the mathematical models, a drill point grinding machine can then be built to produce various desired drill geometries accurately with high repeatability.
An Analysis of Stories From Those Who Have Encountered Catastrophic Loss From Flood

Analyzing stories from those who have suffered catastrophic loss from flood may offer a means to better understand recovery of the survivors from their perspective. The purpose of this research was to examine the lived experience of those who faced catastrophic loss from flood. Stories were gathered from eight participants, who experienced catastrophic loss of home and possessions resultant of massive flooding. Following analysis, three "turning points" were identified within the story plot which included: Facing the devastation, Embracing the rebuilding, and Developing inner strength. Themes within the turning points were identified demonstrating transformational perspectives of self and world.
Phase 2 Open-Label Study of Bortezomib, Cladribine, and Rituximab in Advanced, Newly Diagnosed, and Relapsed/Refractory Mantle-Cell and Indolent Lymphomas.

Abstract Background Mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) and indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL) are incurable heterogeneous diseases characterized by relapse. There is a need for newer treatments in MCL and iNHL, especially in the relapsed/refractory (R/R) setting. We therefore investigated the novel combination of bortezomib (Velcade), cladribine, and rituximab (VCR) in front-line and R/R settings in MCL and iNHL (NCT00980395). Patients and Methods Eligible patients included adults with biopsy-proven CD20-positive MCL and iNHL who met the criteria for treatment. Rituximab 375 mg/m 2 intravenous (IV) day 1, cladribine 4 mg/m 2 IV days 1 to 5, and bortezomib 1.3 mg/m 2 IV days 1 and 4 were administered every 28 days for 6 cycles. Results Twenty-four patients were enrolled onto the study with a median follow-up of 38.5 months. Median age was 66.5 years, and 46% had MCL. The most common adverse events were hematologic, with febrile neutropenia in 3 patients. Neuropathy was noted in 17% of patients, of which 8% was grade 3 or above. The overall response rate was 92%. For the entire cohort, and for MCL patients, the median progression-free survival and the median overall survival were not reached. The 2-year progression-free survival was 82% for the MCL group and 54% for the iNHL group; it was 80% for treatment-naive patients and 57% for R/R patients. Conclusion VCR is effective in MCL and iNHL. Although hematologic toxicity can be an issue, this study demonstrates a high response rate to a novel combination and provides an alternative option in transplant-ineligible R/R MCL and iNHL.
Changing identity through sport: The Paralympic sport club experience among adolescents with mobility impairments.

Abstract Background Adolescents with mobility impairments have fewer opportunities to challenge identity as an athlete through sport participation. Objective/Hypothesis This study examined athletic identity impact of adolescent athletes with mobility impairments who participate in Paralympic Sport Clubs. Methods This cross-sectional web-survey design examined demographics (gender, academic level, hours of time spent in sports participation, and preferred amount of time in sport participation) and athletic identity through the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS). Forty-seven adolescents (male = 34, female = 13) between the ages of 13–18 with mobility impairments who were currently participating in a Paralympic Sport Club were recruited for the study. Results Two factorial ANOVA examined the differences of AIMS scores by gender and academic level, and gender and hours of time spent in sports participation per week. Hours of time spent in sports participation by adolescent athletes with physical disabilities showed significant difference on athletes' identity. AIMS score increased along with augmented time spent in sport participation. However, gender and academic level made no significant difference on athletic identity. A one-way ANOVA test was applied to compare the effect of preferred amount of time in sport participation per week on scores for AIMS and showed significant group difference on AIMS. Participants who indicated more preferred amount of time in sport participation also scored higher on AIMS. Conclusions These findings support the notion that hours of time spent and preferred amount of time in sports participation influences athletic identity. Sport participation, when available can influence athletic identity with this population.
Assessing New Diagnoses of HIV Among American Indian/Alaska Natives Served by the Indian Health Service, 2005-2014.

Objectives:The objectives of this study were to use Indian Health Service (IHS) data from electronic health records to analyze human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses among American Indian/Ala...
LVAD ECG ARTIFACT REFLECTING HEARTWARE PUMP SPEED

Electrocardiogram (ECG) artifact can result from muscle tremors, electromagnetic interference, and neurostimulators. The implications of ECG artifact in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients has not been described. There were three patients with HeartWare (HW) LVADs who underwent ECG
Generating Schema Labels through Dataset Content Analysis

Impoverished descriptions and convoluted schema labels are common challenges in data-centric tasks such as schema matching and data linking, especially when datasets can span domains. To address these issues, we consider the task of schema label generation. Typically, schema labels are created by dataset providers and are useful for users to understand a dataset. The motivation behind the task is that a lot of data linking systems require overlapping information between two datasets and rely on unique identifiers of schema labels. Moreover, it is common for schema labels in different datasets to have different identifiers even when they refer to the same concept. With no naming standard for schema labels, unintelligible labels are widely found in real-world datasets. For example, many schema labels contain abbreviations and compound nouns that hinder automated matching of attributes in corresponding datasets. Through schema label generation, more common (and thus understandable) schema labels can be provided to allow for broader schema matches in contexts such as dataset search and data linking. We develop a variety of features based on analysis of dataset content to enable machine learning methods to recommend useful labels. We test our approach on two real-world data collections and demonstrate that our method is able to outperform the alternative approach.
WHAT IS A PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS

Soulevant la question de l'objet et des conditions de l'analyse philosophique, de l'analyse informative et de l'analyse scientifique, l'A. se propose de resoudre le paradoxe de l'analyse dans sa forme canonique, en evitant de faire reference a la notion de concept, et definit les elements de la structure dans la quelle s'inscrit sa reponse: 1) l'affirmation selon laquelle il existe des proprietes et des relations complexes, 2) la defense d'une theorie des propositions structurees fondee sur l'interpretation semantique de la structure interne des phrases, 3) l'affirmation de la competence linguistique des mots et des categories
The Doctor-Patient Relationship, Physical Examination, and New Procedures

Gene Stollerman, editor of Clinical Experience, would like to see continuing medical education designed to emphasize clinical skills.2 He deplores the growing gap between medical technology and clinical skills, in which advice based on the interview and examination is replaced by the results of technical procedures. The development of clinical skills, he pointed out, enables physicians to obtain a better understanding of the patient’s problems and to gain confidence in their own ability to determine what technologic tool is required to substantiate the clinical findings and what consultations would be to the patient’s advantage. Learning about new tests and procedures, unfortunately, is much easier than discovering how better to examine a patient.
Molecular Biology of West Nile Virus

The single-stranded, positive-sense West Nile virus (WNV) RNA genome is about 11 kb in length and encodes a single polyprotein that is processed during and after translation into three structural (C, prM/M, and E) and seven nonstructural (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5) proteins. Recently obtained crystal structures of two structural and two nonstructural proteins of WNV provide new insights about the functions of these proteins. Although there are still many questions to be answered, a significant amount of data on the molecular biology of WNV and other flaviviruses has already been obtained. In this chapter, molecular aspects of virion and genome structure, the stages of the viral replication cycle in the cytoplasm of infected cells, viral protein function, conserved genomic elements, host factors involved in viral RNA replication, virus remodeling of cells, host genetic resistance, and virus virulence are discussed.
Large-Scale Parallel Computers

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on large-scale parallel computers. The rapid evolution of microelectronic technology is making it possible to put hundreds of thousands, and eventually millions, of logically active circuit elements on a single silicon chip. The dispatching hardware examines upcoming items in the instruction stream for logical independence, and can dispatch multiple instructions simultaneously when they are found to be independent. Machines of this kind capable of dispatching as many as half a dozen instructions during a single clock cycle have been designed. If it proves possible to define a significant collection of computational primitives to which constrained data-motion patterns of this type can be applied, and if one can find smooth ways of integrating these primitives into general purpose computing environments, then the great economic advantages of special-purpose chip design may have a major impact on large-scale scientific computation.
Firm Loyalty to Consumers (FLC) and Relationship Marketing: A Conceptual Framework: An Abstract

Based on the premise that any expectation of firm loyalty to consumers (FLC) emanates from perceived organizational support for consumers, this research explores perceived firm loyalty to consumers in the context of the new era of business-to-customer relationships. Given the likely shifts in the flow of loyalty in B2C relationships and intense competition among firms, marketers are faced with increased challenges in developing and sustaining key relationships with consumers. Drawing on the organizational support theory, this research suggests that firm marketing strategies may influence consumers’ perception of firm loyalty. Specifically, a conceptual framework is developed that identifies (1) perceived organizational support to consumers as a source of perceived firm loyalty to consumers; (2) trust, affective commitment, and relationship satisfaction as relationship mediators between perceived organizational support and perceived firm loyalty to consumers; (3) perceived fairness, after sales support, and relationship investments as antecedents of perceived organizational support; (4) relationship equity as the moderator of the relationships between perceived fairness, after sales support, and relationship investments and perceived organizational support; and (5) consumer loyalty, lessened withdrawal behavior, and relationship maintenance as the consequences of firm loyalty to consumers (FLC). We conclude with a discussion of the implications of this research for relationship marketing strategy.