cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ratemaking as Climate Adaptation Governance

Electric utilities are directly affected by, and in some cases are a source of, many pressing climate adaptation challenges: wildfires, vulnerable infrastructure, extreme storms, and drought. The state Public Utilities Commission (PUC) is one of the most consequential government agencies guiding the electricity sector’s response to climate change. Rate-regulated utilities may not charge ratepayers for new capital investments without PUC approval. When PUCs decide which costs are eligible for rate recovery, they also define which risks utilities seek to manage and which hedging strategies they use to do so. This Article argues that the foundational principles of ratemaking allow the state PUC to manage many aspects of electricity sector adaptation planning, coordination, and implementation. The Article begins with an overview of ratemaking for electric utilities and identifies how the process is an exercise in risk management. The Article then explains how a risk governance perspective can position the PUC to explicitly incorporate climate adaptation into ratemaking procedures as well as help coordinate adaptation policy across multiple agencies.
Surface Damage in Manganese Zinc and Nickel Zinc Ferrites

The magnetically inactive or dead layers induced by sawing, grinding, polishing or tape abrasion cause deleterious changes in the magnetic properties of ferrite devices. These dead layers are the result of the magneto-elastic interaction of the residual stress caused by the surface damaged layers and the magnetostriction. In this respect the surface damaged layer thickness may be considerably less than the thickness of the dead layer(l). Stern and Temme (2) investigated these effects and concluded that 1. Machining introduces local stresses into the ferrite surfaces. 2. Magnetostriction is responsible for the machining effects. 3. The magnitude of the effect depends upon the surface to volume ratio. 4. Heat treatment or chemical etching restores the magnetic properties.
Maximum-likelihood positioning algorithm for segmented modular detectors

1517 Objectives To evaluate the maximum-likelihood (ML) positioning algorithm for use in segmented NaI(Tl) detector modules. Methods Segmented detector modules are formed from 1D or 2D array of discrete elements. The dimensions of each element are chosen to achieve desired intrinsic spatial resolution (ISR) for imaging applications. Measurement of positions in such modules is then reduced to the identification of the location of each element. Compared to conventional Anger logic, ML positioning algorithms have been shown to offer improved ISR and linearity. We used the ML method to characterize the performance of the SPRINT II detector module (1D array of 3mm-wide bars) coupled to a hexagonal array of seven 2" round PMTs. The mean detector response functions (MDRFs) were estimated from a 2D scan of a 1mm Tc-99m point source. Across the bars (x direction), the MDRF is a step function. The digitized positions are calculated directly by maximizing the likelihood function based on the MDRF with respect to the position of each bar. The resulting point spread function for the bars have unusual shapes. Thus, the ISR is not most effectively characterized by the FWHM value. We therefore used two metrics to quantify the ISR in the x direction: 1) percentage of correct bar identification; 2) spectral resolution of the modulation transfer function. These two metrics are related to the FWHM of a Gaussian distribution. Results The average CBI is above 72% in x direction, which is about a 3.3 mm FWHM equivalent. The average ISR is about 3.5mm in the y direction. These results are comparable to the original SPRINT II results even with the larger 2" PMTs. Conclusions The segmented detector, together with the ML algorithm, offers high ISR and extended field of view.
Schizophrenia and Attention Deficit Disorder

Attentional dysfunction can be found in nearly every form of psychopathology, not just in attention deficit disorder (ADD). Being able to distinguish ADD from other psychiatric conditions is crucial for clinicians working with adolescents and young adults, particularly in the case of psychoses where making the correct diagnosis and beginning treatment promptly is extremely important. In this paper we review the literature on the attentional dysfunction found in schizophrenia and compare it to that found in ADD in an effort to increase our knowledge of etiology and underlying mechanisms. Investigators studying ADD may learn from the study of schizophrenia by realizing that ADD is also a complex disorder of attention that occurs across the developmental spectrum and is characterized by various predispositional, environmental, and maturational factors.
The One-Shot Library Instruction Survival Guide

A review of The One-Shot Library Instruction Survival Guide by Heidi E. Buchanan and Beth A. McDonough
THE ORNL LMFBR EXPERIMENTAL SHIELDING PROGRAM

An ORNL experimental program supporting the development of LMFBR shield design methods has over the past five years included investigations of the fast neutron fluxes incident on the FFTF grid plate, the penetration of neutrons through very large thicknesses of sodium and iron, the streaming of neutrons in sodium gaps between iron-pin arrays, the production of secondary gamma rays in an iron slab simulating the FFTF top head, the streaming of neutrons around sodium coolant pipes, and the attenuating characteristics of various shields designed by General Electric, Westinghouse, and Atomics International. These experiments and their accompanying analyses not only have directly influenced some current shield designs, but have also prompted specific improvements in the radiation-transport calculational methods, as well as re-evaluations of some cross-section sets. The result is an increasing confidence in the combined experimental and analytical approach for developing accurate shield design techniques.
MODERATE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND PRIMARY CARDIAC ARREST

To determine if light to moderate consumption of alcohol influences the risk of primary cardiac arrest, the authors investigated 152 cases, 25-75 years of age, without prior heart disease or co-morbidity, in whom a primary cardiac arrest occurred during a 14-month period in King County, Washington state, December 1979-January 1981. Spouses of cases and those of 152 demographically similar residents of King County were interviewed to quantify average alcohol consumption over the prior year for beer, wine, and spirits combined. After adjustment for hypertension, smoking, and physical activity, light to moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a reduced risk of primary cardiac arrest. Compared to persons who were nondrinkers (less than 1 drink/month), the estimated relative risk for light drinkers (greater than or equal to 1 drink/month but less than 1 drink/day) was 0.7 (95% confidence interval, 0.5-1.0), and for moderate drinkers (1-3 drinks/day), 0.5 (95% confidence interval, 0.3-1.0). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that light to moderate alcohol consumption reduces the risk of primary cardiac arrest.
Inference from a sequential design: proof of a conjecture by Ford and Silvey

Abstract Ford and Silvey [(1980) A sequentially constructed design for estimations a nonlinear parametric function. Biometrika 67, 381–388] conjectured that the usual asymptotic confidence interval arising from a sequential design based on a nonlinear model has the same asymptotic properties as it would if it had arisen from a fixed design, and simulation results support this conjecture favorably. We give a simple martingale proof that their conjecture is true.
Assessing alcohol use in college: is it time for a new approach to identify risky drinking behavior?

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how traditional risky drinking indicators, such as binge drinking, are inefficient when identifying college students who are in need of alcohol-related services. Methods: Using data collected from the 2010 National College Health Assessment II (NCHA-II), the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of binge drinking was analyzed relative to experiencing negative alcohol-related consequences in the previous 12 months. Results: Despite a considerable mathematical advantage, binge drinking demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.80 and a specificity of 0.69. Additionally, more than 56% of the sample who were identified as binge drinkers did not experience a major negative consequence in the previous 12 months. Conclusions: Risky drinking indicators constructed solely of frequency, quantity and duration items have a limited capacity to discriminate at-risk college drinkers from the general student body. New indica...
Cannabinoids in disguise: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-like effects of tetramethylcyclopropyl ketone indoles

Synthetic indole-derived cannabinoids have become commonly used recreational drugs and continue to be abused despite their adverse consequences. As compounds that were identified early in the epidemic (e.g., naphthoylindoles) have become legally banned, new compounds have appeared on the drug market. Two tetramethylcyclopropyl ketone indoles, UR-144 [(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone] and XLR-11 [(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone], recently have been identified in confiscated products. These compounds are structurally related to a series of CB2-selective compounds explored by Abbott Labs. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the extent to which UR-144 and XLR-11 shared cannabinoid effects with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). Indices of in vitro and in vivo activity at cannabinoid receptors were assessed. Similar to other psychoactive cannabinoid agonists, XLR-11 and UR-144 showed low nanomolar (<30) affinity for CB1 and CB2 receptors, activated these receptors as full agonists, and produced dose-dependent effects that were blocked by rimonabant in mice, including antinociception, hypothermia, catalepsy and suppression of locomotor activity. The potency of both compounds was several-fold greater than Δ9-THC. XLR-11 and UR-144 also substituted for Δ9-THC in a Δ9-THC discrimination procedure in mice, effects that were attenuated by rimonabant. Analysis of urine from mice treated with the compounds revealed that both were extensively metabolized, with predominant urinary excretion as glucuronide conjugates. Together, these results demonstrate that UR-144 and XLR-11 share a pharmacological profile of in vitro and in vivo effects with Δ9-THC and other abused indole-derived cannabinoids and would be predicted to produce Δ9-THC-like subjective effects in humans.
Climate suitability for stable malaria transmission in Zimbabwe under different climate change scenarios.

Climate is one factor that determines the potential range of malaria. As such, climate change may work with or against efforts to bring malaria under control. We developed a model of future climate suitability for stable Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission in Zimbabwe. Current climate suitability for stable malaria transmission was based on the MARA/ARMA model of climatic constraints on the survival and development of the Anopheles vector and the Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasite. We explored potential future geographic distributions of malaria using 16 projections of climate in 2100. The results suggest that, assuming no future human-imposed constraints on malaria transmission, changes in temperature and precipitation could alter the geographic distribution of malaria in Zimbabwe, with previously unsuitable areas of dense human population becoming suitable for transmission. Among all scenarios, the highlands become more suitable for transmission, while the lowveld and areas with low precipitation show varying degrees of change, depending on climate sensitivity and greenhouse gas emission stabilization scenarios, and depending on the general circulation model used. The methods employed can be used within or across other African countries.
High performance liquid chromatographic separation of anabolic oestrogens and ultraviolet detection of 17 beta-oestradiol, zeranol, diethylstilboestrol or zearalenone in avian muscle tissue extracts.

A multi‐residue analysis was developed to discern oestrogens (17β‐oestradiol or zeranol) used as anabolic drugs and diethylstilboestrol (DES) from the mycotoxins zearalenone and zearalenol. A mixture of 17β‐oestradiol, oestrone, DES, zeranol, zearalenol, zearalenone and zearalanone was analysed using a 5 μm silica column with gradient elution from hexane to hexane: methanol: 2‐propanol, 40:45:15 (v/v) and ultraviolet detection at 280 nm. Only six peaks were obtained since zearalenone and zearalanone had identical elution times. Minimum detectabilities were 5–10 ng for the standards. Chicken muscle tissues (2–5 g) were extracted with acetone:water (95:5, v/v). The extracts were spiked with oestradiol and zeranol at 50, 100 or 200 ppb; and DES or zearalenone at 50 ppb; cleaned‐up through dual columns of basic alumina and phosphate exchanged AGMP‐1 resin and analysed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC‐UV). Minimum detectability was 10 ng for oestradiol, zeranol, DES or...
Microstructural Dynamic Study of Grain Growth

The complete prediction of microstructural development in polycrystalline solids as a function of time and temperature is a major objective in materials science, but has not yet been possible primarily due to the complexity of the grain interactions. The evolution of the polycrystalline structure depends upon the precise specification of the coordinates of the grain boundary network, the crystallographic orientations of the grains, and the postulated microscopic mechanisms by which elements of the boundaries are assumed to move. Therefore, a general analytical solution to this multivariate problem has not yet been developed. Recently, we have been able to successfully incorporate these aspects of the grain interactions, and have developed a computer model which predicts the main features of the microstructure from first principles [1,2]., The polycrystal is mapped onto a discrete lattice by dividing the material into small area (2d) or volume (3d) elements, and placing the centers of these elements on lattice points. Interactions and dynamics are then defined for the individual elements which are analagous to those postulated in continuous systems. This discrete model preserves the topological features of real materials, and can be studied by computer simulation using Monte Carlo techniques. In this paper we report the application of the Monte Carlo method to the metallurgical phenomenon of grain growth with isothermal annealing. Extension of the model to treat primary recrystallization is presented elsewhere [3,4].
The Problem of the Criterion in Rule-Following

This paper addresses the issue of rule-following in the context of the problem of the criterion. It presents a line of reasoning which concludes we do not know what rule we follow, but which develops independently of the problem of extrapolation that plays a major role in many recent discussions of rule-following. The basis of the argument is the normativity of rules, but the problem is also distinct from the issue of the gap between facts and values in axiology. The paper further points out that the epistemic problem of not knowing what rule we follow leads to the outright denial of rule-following. Rule-following has been a subject of vigorous contention in recent philosophy, where the primary concern is the apparent implication that no facts determine what rule we follow. This paper places the issue of rulefollowing in the context of the problem of the criterion and describes how a simple but persistent difficulty emerges in it. The problem arises from the fallibility of the agent following a normative rule, but it differs from the traditional issues in axiology concerning the gap between facts and values. Our problem also differs from the problem of extrapolation. Difficulties associated with the extrapolation of limited past observation into the future play no part in the problem of the criterion in rule-following. Thus, we identify a problem that has not been addressed in the literature with sufficient clarity and distinction. The paper has six sections. The first section clarifies some key concepts. The next three sections present and elaborate an argument against the existence of rule-following-Section two describes an epistemological difficulty in establishing the criterion of conformity to the rule; Section three compares this problem with two familiar challenges in philosophy; and Section four explains how this epistemological difficulty leads to the denial of rule-following. The fifth section disputes some appealing proposals for solving the problem; and the final section examines a way of circumventing the issue by shifting focus from rule-following to rule-ascription.
Ab Initio Interatomic Potential Curves for NaNO2 and the Simulation of the Molten Salt

Ab initio potential energy curves are presented for (Na + )(NO - 2 ) as a function of the Na–N separation. The minimum energy configuration , is similar to that observed in the room temperature ferroelectric solid. Empirical atom-atom potential energy functions based in part on the ab initio calculations, are used in a molecular dynamics computer simulation of the molten salt.
Ion drift velocities in gaseous mixtures at arbitrary field strengths.

A momentum-transfer theory is used to obtain an expression for the drift velocity of an ion in a multicomponent gas mixture. This is combined with an approximate calculation of the partition of the ion energy in the mixture to yield a formula for the drift velocity in terms of the drift velocities in the pure component gases. Positive deviations from Blanc's law at high fields are predicted, of magnitudes that should be easily measured experimentally.
Ambipolar doping in SnO

SnO is a promising oxide semiconductor that can be doped both p- and n-type, but the doping mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using hybrid functionals, we find that native defects cannot account for the unintentional p-type conductivity. Sn vacancies are shallow acceptors, but they have high formation energies and are unlikely to form. Unintentional impurities offer a more likely explanation for p-type doping; hydrogen is a likely candidate, and we find that it forms shallow-acceptor complexes with Sn vacancies. We also demonstrate that the ambipolar behavior of SnO can be attributed to the high position of the valence-band on an absolute energy scale.
The short-term effect of patient health status assessment in a health maintenance organization.

This study was designed to test the short-term effects of health assessment on the process of care and patient satisfaction. The 29 Chart physicians used the Dartmouth COOP Charts to measure their adult patients' health status during a single clinical encounter; the 27 control clinicians used no measure of health status. We compared the change between baseline and post-intervention information for a sample of all study clinicians' patients. Most of the patients were female (67%), well educated (70% had at least a college education) and young (approximately 90% were aged 59 years or younger). We found that the ordering of tests and procedures for women was increased by exposure to the COOP Charts (52% vs. 35%; p<0.01); the effect in men was not as significant (37% vs. 23%: p=0.06). Although women reported no change in satisfaction with care, men claimed that the clinician helped in the management of pain (p=0.02). We conclude that the use of health status measures during a single clinical encounter in an HMO changes clinician test ordering behaviour and may improve the help male patients receive for pain conditions. The long-term impact of these management changes is not known.
Neuronal development in the Drosophila retina: the sextra gene defines an inhibitory component in the developmental pathway of R7 photoreceptor cells.

Abstract Mutations in a gene called sextra (sxt) have been isolated. Loss of one copy of sxt promotes R7 photoreceptor cell development in a genetically sensitized background, while loss of both copies results in precursors of non-neuronal cone cells transforming into R7 cells. The requirement for sxt function is cell-autonomous. The transformation of cone-cell precursors into R7 cells occurs independently of the sevenless signal. However, the R7 precursor becomes neuronal in an sxt/sxt mutant only in a wild-type sevenless background. The genetic analysis of sxt suggests that it plays an inhibitory role, preventing cone cells from becoming neuronal. Additionally, sxt functions in R7 precursors, but the sevenless signal is essential for specification of this fate, since loss of sextra alone is unable to impart a neural fate to this cell.
Hyperfine Structure of the Multipole Lines of Bismuth (Bi i)

Four multipole lines of Bi i 4597, 4615, 5640, and 6476 A were reinvestigated by means of a high-resolving apparatus. In addition to the hyperfine components corresponding to ΔF = 0, ±1, for the first time components corresponding to ΔF = ±2 were observed in the case of a mixed multipole line (4615 A). Relative intensities of hyperfine-structure components of multipole lines calculated using the formulas of Hill (for magnetic-dipole radiation) and of Rubinowicz (for electric-quadrupole radiation) are compared with the experimentally observed patterns. For the line 4615 A, about 20% admixture of electric-quadrupole radiation to the total intensity of the line is found, while for the other three the admixture is estimated not to exceed 10%.
Regular representations of discrete groups

Kaniuth [3] has given necessary and sufficient conditions for the regular representation of a discrete group to be type I or type II. We give a non-measure-theoretic proof of his results, plus additional information on the structure of the W∗ algebra generated by the regular representation.
Characterization and catalytic activity of titanium containing SSZ-33 and aluminum-free zeolite beta

Abstract The post-synthetic incorporation of titanium in the borosilicate SSZ-33 and the direct synthesis of an aluminum-free titanium-containing zeolite Beta (Ti-Beta) are reported. These materials are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), FT-Raman, and diffuse reflectance ultraviolet (DR-UV) spectroscopies. The molecular sieves are shown to catalyze the epoxidation of various olefins using aqueous hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. The physicochemical properties as found by the characterization methods are correlated to the catalytic data and the results compared to a high quality sample of TS-1. The modified SSZ-33 samples contain titanium primarily in the form of isolated tetrahedrally coordinated Ti atoms, although some extra-framework Ti is observed by Raman and DR-UV spectroscopies. Ti-Beta samples show no evidence of extra-framework titanium. For the epoxidation of cis -cyclooctene, the Ti-Beta catalysts give quantitative conversion to epoxide, and both the Ti-Beta and Ti-SSZ-33 catalysts are able to epoxidize substrates too large to be oxidized by TS-1.
One million and counting: Students' estimates of the annual number of homicides in the U.S.

We administered questionaires to 323 introductory students and 45 seniors majoring in criminal justice to determine how well students grasp the magnitude of the crime problem relative to other mortality conditions. Almost 50 percent of the introductory students estimated that 250,000 or more murders were committed each year in the United States; 15 percent estimated that one million or more murders occurred annually. Senior criminal justice majors' estimates were significantly more accurate but both groups tended to overestimate crime-related mortality. We attribute the poor grasp of crime-related mortality to the media emphasis on crime, the “mean world” syndrome and innumeracy.
Cleaning behavior of Bodianus rufus, Thalassoma bifasciatum, Gobiosoma evelynae , and Periclimenes pedersoni along a depth gradient at Salt River Submarine Canyon, St. Croix

Cleaning activity at specific cleaning stations was monitored over a depth range of 15–45 m at Salt River Submarine Canyon, St. Croix using the HYDROLAB underwater habitat. We observed over 4600 cleaning events involving 32 host species. Cleaners included the fishesGobiosoma evelynae (cleaning goby), juvenileBodianus rufus (Spanish hogfish) and juvenileThalassoma bifasciatum (bluehead wrasse) and the shrimpPericlimenes pedersoni, often active simultaneously at the same stations. Although cleaning was observed to depths of 30 m, the greatest density of cleaning fishes occurred at a sharp break in the bottom contour at 15 m.Clepticus parrae was the dominant fish cleaned by fishes (80% of events), and the graysby,Petrometopon cruentatum, was most frequently cleaned byPericlimenes. Cleaning was initiated byGobiosoma at 0600 to 0630 h and continued throughout the day as intense bouts of cleaning activity were interspersed with periods of relative calm.Bodianus patrolled areas of several meters and would sometimes rise over a meter above the substrate to initiate cleaning. In contrast, gobies were much more restricted in both lateral and vertical movements.Gobiosoma andBodianus cleaned 3104 and 1346 hosts during the study compared to only 207 forThalassoma. This study of a deeper reef area shows significantly more cleaning activity byBodianus and much less byThalassoma than has been reported from other studies in shallower water
In vivo magnetic resonance studies reveal neuroanatomical and neurochemical abnormalities in the serine racemase knockout mouse model of schizophrenia

Abstract Background Decreased availability of the N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor (NMDAR) co-agonist d -serine is thought to promote NMDAR hypofunction and contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, including neuroanatomical abnormalities, such as cortical atrophy and ventricular enlargement, and neurochemical abnormalities, such as aberrant glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling. It is thought that these abnormalities directly relate to the negative symptoms and cognitive impairments that are hallmarks of the disorder. Because of the genetic complexity of schizophrenia, animal models of the disorder are extremely valuable for the study of genetically predisposing factors. Our laboratory developed a transgenic mouse model lacking serine racemase (SR), the synthetic enzyme of d -serine, polymorphisms of which are associated with schizophrenia. Null mutants (SR −/− ) exhibit NMDAR hypofunction and cognitive impairments. We used 9.4 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton spectroscopy (MRS) to compare in vivo brain structure and neurochemistry in wildtype (WT) and SR −/− mice. Methods Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane for MRI and MRS scans. Results Compared to WT controls, SR −/− mice exhibited 23% larger ventricular volumes (p −/− mice exhibited significantly higher glutamate/water (12%, t = 1.83, p Conclusions Collectively, these data demonstrate in vivo neuroanatomical and neurochemical abnormalities in the SR −/− mouse comparable to those previously reported in humans with schizophrenia.
Preferential S phase entry and apoptosis of CD4(+) T lymphocytes of HIV-1-infected patients after in vitro cultivation.

Abstract We have studied the relationship between spontaneous apoptosis and cell cycle perturbations in circulating peripheral blood lymphocytes of HIV-1-infected patients and healthy controls. PBMC obtained from HIV-1-infected patients and healthy controls were incubated in culture medium for 48 h. Cells were separated into CD4 + and CD8 + populations using immunomagnetic beads. Apoptosis and cell cycle phases were measured by propidium iodide staining and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation followed by flow cytometric analyses. In experiments using cells obtained from HIV-1-infected patients, spontaneous apoptosis was more frequent in CD4 + T lymphocytes than in CD8 + T lymphocytes (17.6% vs 9.5%, P + and CD8 + T lymphocytes was comparable (4.5% vs 5.1%). Lymphocytes obtained from patients were more frequently in S phase than healthy controls' cells (2.2 ± 0.9% vs 0.5 ± 0.2%, P + cells tended to enter S phase more frequently than controls' CD4 + cells (4.2% ± 3.5% vs 1.8% ± 0.5% P + T cells was not different among patients (2.8% ± 2.9%) and controls (1.8% ± 0.5%) ( P > 0.4). Kinetic analyses using BrdU and PI staining revealed that S phase cells were more likely to become apoptotic than resting (G 0 –G 1 ) cells (28.4% ± 10.3% vs 11.3% ± 9.9% in patients, P P in vivo to enter S phase and to undergo spontaneous apoptosis after brief in vitro cultivation. The present studies indicate that most apoptotic cells in this system are CD4 + and kinetic analyses reveal that S phase cells are more likely to undergo spontaneous apoptosis than G 0 –G 1 cells. Accelerated cell death in HIV-1 disease may contribute to the failure of lymphocyte responsiveness to appropriate T cell receptor stimulation.
The Assistant Principalship as a Legitimate Terminal Career Alternative

Without question, say these writers, the assistant princi pal is critical to a functioning principalship. However, the role must be enhanced if tal ented, experienced educators are to continue to be attract ed to, and remain in, the role.
Cohesion and stability in graphs

The cohesion of a vertex v is the minimum number of edges whose deletion makes v a cutvertex of the resulting graph. Such considerations are particularly interesting for alliance and friendship graphs. In this paper, we further examine cohesion, first introduced in [3], with our major goal here being the examination of stability under edge addition. We find necessary and sufficient conditions for a vertex to be stable and prove a theorem which discovers total vertex stability in several graphs.
THE ROLE OF STIMULUS MEANINGFULNESS IN THE PHONETIC SYMBOLISM RESPONSE.

(1964). The Role of Stimulus Meaningfulness in the Phonetic Symbolism Response. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 70, No. 2, pp. 255-263.
Oxygen behavior in liquid phase epitaxial GaAs

Abstract The oxygen activity in the gallium solvent was controlled and measured by an electrochemical method, during the liquid phase epitaxy of GaAs. This technique, in combination with SIMS analysis of GaAs grown from O18 saturated melts, was used to determine the oxygen distribution coefficient at 840°C. In this temperature region, the low solubility of oxygen in liquid gallium combined with a distribution coefficient ≲ 10−3 leads to maximum oxygen levels in the ≲ 1016 cm−3 range. The behavior of oxygen in three layers, with significant differences in oxygen concentration, was evaluated by photoluminescence and deep level transient spectroscopy, and no direct relationship was observed between the energy levels in the PL or DLTS spectra and the oxygen concentration in epitaxial GaAs.
The iconoclasm of obeisance : Protestant images of Chinese religion and the Catholic Church

Western studies of Buddhism emphasize doctrine and meditation, but almost completely ignore devotional practice. Yet, obeisance to Buddha is the primary religious practice of the majority of Asian Buddhists. To account for this disparity, I explore the history of Protestant attitudes towards bowing. In English and German anti-Catholic polemics (and Catholic responses), Chinese and Catholic obeisance are conflated, the lowness of their prostrations emphasized, in contrast to the erectness of Protestant posture in worship. I survey two important encyclopedias of religion (Hastings' of 1914 and Eliade's of 1987), and the work of one of the founders of Sociology, Herbert Spencer, to show the persistance of these perspectives on obeisance. Eighteenth and nineteenth-century Protestants worked to challenge the Jesuit representation of China as enlightened and originally monotheistic. Chinese religiosity was depicted as passive, lazy, infantile, and mindless, lacking any coherent doctrinal system. At times, the Protestant narrative of Christian history (from original pure community to institutional degeneration into idolatry) was superimposed on Chinese history. Obeisance itself was taken as sufficient proof of idolatry, the deceptive “holy mummeries” of Chinese/Catholic ritual. These tensions came to a head when King George III of England sent Lord Macartney to have an audience with emperor Qianlong of China, and Macartney refused to bow. A brief analysis of this well-documented mission reveals the confluence of religious, political, bodily, and gender dimensions. Recent treatments of that mission have missed the Protestant/Catholic dimensions of the issue. Finally I suggest possible extentions of the theoretical concerns of this paper.
Orientation and function of the nuclear-centrosomal axis during cell migration

A hallmark of polarity in most migrating cells is the orientation of the nuclear centrosomal (NC) axis relative to the front-back cellular axis. Here, we review 'effector functions' associated with the NC axis during cell migration. We highlight recent research that has demonstrated that the orientation of the NC axis depends upon the coordinated, but separate positioning of the nucleus and the centrosome. We stress the importance of environmental factors such as cell-cell contacts and substrate topology for NC axis orientation. Finally, we summarize tests of the significance of this axis for cell migration and disease.
The use of vascular closure devices outside the catheterization laboratory after neurointerventional procedures is safe and effective: evidence from a retrospective study.

PurposeTo investigate the feasibility and safety of vascular closure device (VCD) deployment outside the catheterization laboratory.MethodsMedical records were reviewed of all 799 patients (396 men...
Supercritical fluid dyeing of PMMA films with azo-dyes

In situ ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy has been used to study diffusion of two azo-dyes in a CO2-swollen matrix of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The diffusivity of both dyes can be tuned simply be changing the system pressure. Higher pressure of CO2 enhances diffusion of a dye in PMMA. The diffusion of dyes in CO2-swollen PMMA can also be influenced by specific interactions. The partitioning of the dyes between the polymer phase and the fluid phase was measured, and the partition coefficients are large (104–105). Thus, supercritical fluid dyeing is possible, although the solubility of the dyes in the fluid phase is low. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 911–919, 1998
Stability in ordered and amorphous transition-metal compounds

We present a comparison of measured and calculated state densities which suggest (1) that transition-metal glasses possess a short-range coordination similar to that of fcc crystals, (2) that the relative stability of different short-range atomic arrangements varies inversely with the state density at the Fermi level, (3) that transition-metal glasses tend to have large Fermi-level state densities, and therefore (4) that transition-metal glasses are characterized by the relative instability of their short-range atomic arrangements. We also argue that stoichiometry fluctuations are more effective in stabilizing the glass if the valence difference between the constituents is large. This effect is manifest in a correlation between the valence difference of the glass constituents and the width of the concentration range in which glasses form and the relative quenching rates required to form the glasses.
The tournament careers of top-ranked men and women tennis professionals: Are the gentlemen more committed than the ladies?

We ask whether top-ranked male tennis professionals are more dedicated or commit-ted to their careers than the top-ranked female professionals. We find no evidence that this is the case in the 1979–1994 period. Despite substantially lower real earnings, the women pros competed for as many years as did the men and just as intensely in terms of annual number of tournaments played.
Short-latency compensatory eye movements associated with a brief period of free fall.

The vertical eye movements induced by a brief period of free fall were recorded from three monkeys (Macaca mulatta) using the electromagnetic search-coil technique. Free fall was initiated in total darkness immediately following binocular fixation of one of six target lights located at viewing distances ranging from 20 to 107 cm. Responses consisted of an initial transient downward eye movement (anticompensatory direction) with a latency of a few milliseconds at most followed by a sustained upward (compensatory) eye movement. The early transient was independent of viewing distance and attributed to an artifact, whereas the later component was a linear function of the inverse of the prior viewing distance and attributed to the translational vestibulo-ocular reflex (TVOR). Response latencies for the four nearer viewing distances were determined from the individual eye velocity traces using a computerized algorithm: after removing the initial transient by subtracting the mean response obtained with the most distant viewing, a regression line was fitted to the initial rising phase of the residual response and then extrapolated back to the baseline to determine the onset. When so determined, median latencies for the nearest viewing ranged from 16.4 to 18.5 ms, values appreciably shorter than any in the literature.
Estimating Nonlinear Parameters in the Multinomial Logit Model

Multinomial logit models, especially those calibrated on scanner data, often use explanatory variables that are nonlinear functions of the parameters to be estimated. A common example is the smoothing constant in an exponentially weighted brand loyalty variable. Such parameters cannot be estimated directly using commercially available logit packages. We provide a simple iterative method for estimating nonlinear parameters at the same time as the usual linear coefficients. The procedure uses standard multinomial logit software and, in experience to date, converges rapidly. We prove that, under suitable conditions, the resulting parameter values are maximum likelihood estimates and show how to calculate asymptotic standard errors from normal computer output. Three applications illustrate the method in practice.
High pressure electrical lead-through plugs and gravity switches for deep-sea cameras

Abstract Electrical lead-through plugs which allow insulated electrical leads to pass through a pressure case under high hydrostatic pressure, and high pressure gravity switches, have been developed for use in underwater photography. Pressure tank tests at 20,000 p.s.i., and limited use at sea, indicate that the devices are satisfactory for use at any oceanic depth.
Fibrolipomatous hamartoma of the inferior calcaneal nerve (Baxter nerve)

Fibrolipomatous hamartoma (FLH) is a rare, benign lesion of the peripheral nerves most frequently involving the median nerve and its digital branches (80 %). Pathognomonic MR features of FLH such as coaxial-cable-like appearance on axial planes and a spaghetti-like appearance on coronal planes have been described by Marom and Helms, obviating the need for diagnostic biopsy. We present a case of fibrolipomatous hamartoma of the inferior calcaneal nerve (Baxter nerve) with associated subcutaneous fat proliferation.
Development of a multiple-template matching technique for removal of false positives in a computer-aided diagnostic scheme

A problem in most current computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) scheme is the relatively large number of false positives that are incorrectly reported as nodules by the scheme. Therefore, in this study, we developed a multiple-templates matching technique to significantly reduce the number of false positives in our CAD scheme. With this technique applied to our CAD scheme for detection of pulmonary nodules in chest radiographs, we removed a large number of false positives (44.3%) with reduction of a small number of true positives (2.3%). We believe that this technique has the potential to significantly improve the performance of many different CAD schemes for detection of various lesions in medical images including nodules in chest radiographs, masses and microcalcifications in mammograms, nodules, colon polyps, liver tumors, and aneurysms in CT images.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
New anchoring method for tarsal tendon transfers in myelomeningocele patients

Abstract We describe a new anchoring method for tarsal tendon transfers in myelomeningocele patients to protect the sole of the foot from pressure sores and skin necrosis and to loosen the tension of the transferred tendon. Tendon transfer procedures were performed in 51 feet (33 patients) with myelomeningocele. We transferred tibialis anterior tendons to the second or third cuneiform in 19 with equinovarus deformities, and transferred tibialis anterior tendons to the calcaneus through the interosseous membrane in 32 with talipes calcaneus. Clinical results were evaluated with the muscle power of transferred tendons using manual muscle testing 6 months after surgery. The muscle test result was classified as good, fair, and poor. After passing the tendon through the bony hole, a 2.0-mm Kirschner wire was inserted from the sole to the tibia through the ankle joint at neutral. (It extended from the sole through the posterior cortex of the tibia.) The remaining part of the wire was bent and formed into a loop...
Disparities in Health Status and Health Care Access and Use Among Older American Indians and Alaska Natives and Non-Hispanic Whites in California

Objectives:The present study compared the characteristics of health status and health care access and use among older American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIANs) to those of non-Hispanic Whites (NH...
Quantitative differences in androgen and glucocorticoid receptor DNA binding properties contribute to receptor-selective transcriptional regulation

Abstract Androgen receptor (AR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) belong to the same subfamily of steroid/nuclear receptors and have been shown to bind qualitatively to the same hormone response element (HRE) DNA sequences. Despite this similarity in target gene recognition, AR and GR have differential affects on the transcriptional regulation of genes containing both simple and complex HRE control regions. Using HREs from the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT), prostatein (C3) or sexlimited protein (SLP) genes, linked to the thymidine kinase promoter, we found receptor-selective differences in the ability of rat AR and rat GR to induce transcription of these various reporter genes. Since AR and GR have a 20% amino acid sequence difference in their DNA binding domains (DBDs), which could result in altered DNA binding affinities, we measured the ability of purified AR and GR DBDs to bind selectively and with high affinity to these HRE sequences in vitro. Gel shift mobility assays showed that the GR DBD had a higher affinity for a consensus HRE than did the AR DBD, and quantitative DNase I footprinting revealed that AR and GR DBDs bound to the MMTV, TAT, C3 and SLP HREs with different affinities. It was found that AR had a dissociation constant ( K d ) that was 2–3 times higher than GR on the TAT, C3 and SLP HREs and that the K d of AR for the C3 and SLP HREs differed by an order of magnitude (43 nM and 460 nM, respectively). Taken together, these data suggest that amino acid differences in the AR and GR DBDs contribute to altered receptor-DNA interactions, however it is likely that non-receptor factors are involved in further modulating receptor-selective DNA binding and transactivation functions.
Snakeheads, mules, and protective umbrellas: a review of current research on Chinese organized crime

China’s red-hot economy in recent decades has not only brought the country unprecedented wealth and political prominence in the world but also created ample opportunities for criminal enterprises to flourish. A review of recently published literature reveals that two types of transnational criminal activities – human smuggling and drug trafficking – received a fair amount of empirical attention in the research community. Other crimes, however, although carrying equally significant cross-national implications, have received scant attention. Thanks to a handful of empirical studies in recent years, the notion that traditional Chinese crime syndicates dominated transnational criminal activities has largely been dispelled. Most of those involved in transnational crimes (at least in human smuggling and drug trafficking) were found to be otherwise ordinary individuals who exploit their social or familial networks to take advantage of emerging opportunities. The criminal underworld in China appears to be growing along two separate tracks, with transnational organized crimes operating on one track and locally based criminal organizations on the other. Both groups of criminal entities are not known to cross paths in any systemic way. Research on Chinese organized crime (either locally based or transnational) has remained rather limited. Future research needs to emphasize empirical strategies to explore these and other pressing transnational criminal activities, as well as to solidify recent findings.
Identifying ephemeral and perennial stream reaches using apparent thermal inertia of an ungauged basin in Central New Mexico

The night and day temperature images from advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) remote sensing images are used to identify ephemeral and perennial stream reaches for use in the calibration of an integrated hydrologic model of an ungauged basin. The concept is based on apparent thermal inertia [ATI = (1-albedo)/(day temperature − night temperature)]. These calculations help both the conceptual model and the calibration for the hydrologic model by indicating where there are thin alluvium and/or shallow groundwater. The study is on the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, a long-term ecological research project that ASTER has included in its regular duty cycle. There are over 360 ASTER scenes in 8 years; however, only 10 night/day pairs suitable for ATI were found. The results correlate to the soil moisture recorded at two locations near the channel (R 2 of 0.88). The relationship between soil moisture and surrounding materials allows for differentiation of the perennial and e...
Two Sides of a Partnership: Egalitarianism and Empowerment in School-University Partnerships

Partnerships between universities and public schools that recognize the interdependence and mutual benefits derived from an alliance have become a cornerstone of educational restructuring (C. Dean, P. Lauer, & V. Urquhart, 2005; J. L. Goodlad, 1991; Holmes Group, 1990). Although interrelated, these partners exist in distinctive milieus in which roles and expectations differ. Effective partnerships honor the distinct characteristics of each while ensuring egalitarianism between the 2 partners. Mutually beneficial goals, valuing each party's unique contributions, and receipt of benefits based on involvement are critical for the egalitarianism that is realized between the partners. Those ideas are achieved on the basis of relationships developed between the participants. Histories of affiliation have implications for the type of partnership relationship that is developed and its effectiveness in being mutually beneficial. The authors describe relationships that were formed between a university and 2 elementa...