cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Film as experience: Phenomenological concepts in cinema and television studies

(1990). Film as experience: Phenomenological concepts in cinema and television studies. Quarterly Review of Film and Video: Vol. 12, Phenomenology in Film and Television, pp. 37-50.
Evidence of Analytic Versus Holistic Thinking in Viewing Magazine Images: Preliminary Findings

A qualitative cross-cultural comparison of native Japanese and Caucasian American women was used to examine whether the women critically processed magazine images differently. Four focus groups were used to generate data (n = 19). The data analysis revealed that the native Japanese women viewed magazine images holistically, whereas the Caucasian American participants processed images of fashion analytically. Implications of differences are discussed with analytic versus holistic thinking and traditional beauty ideals in Japanese and Caucasian American cultures.
Corticosterone, free fatty acid and glucose responses of rats to footshock, fear, novel stimuli and instrumental reinforcement

Rats were subjected to sessions of footshock, fear stimuli and instrumental reinforcement to assess responses of blood corticosterone, free fatty acids (FFA) and glucose. The corticosterone response to fearful situations exhibited a stimulus generalization decrement, thus demonstrating a contribution of Pavlovian classical conditioning to the activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal system. Corticosterone levels were shown to decrease during operant sessions with large water reinforcements, while FFA and glucose levels were increasing, thus dissociating these stress measures. FFA responses to intermittent, intense footshock were found to be quadratic; blood levels of FFA increased within 10 min, decreased by 40 min, and then showed the increase with 80-min long sessions previously reported in the literature. This pattern of response was not influenced by prior food deprivation or different methods of sampling blood. Blood levels of FFA increased generally to novel/fearful situations and instrumental reinforcement sessions, which were stimulus situations less stressful than the footshock sessions. Glucose increases occurred to footshock and instrumental reinforcement sessions under some conditions, depending more than corticosterone and FFA on prior food deprivation and blood sampling method.
Baseball and softball injuries: elbow, wrist, and hand.

ASSH Disclaimer: The material presented in this CME activity is mad ASSH for educational purposes only. This material is not intended to methods or the best procedures appropriate for the medical situation rather it is intended to present an approach, view, statement, or opin that may be helpful, or of interest, to other practitioners. Examinees a in this medical education activity, sponsored by the ASSH, with fu awareness that they waive any claim they may have against the ASS any information presented. The approval of the US Food and Drug required for procedures and drugs that are considered experimenta systems discussed or reviewed during this educational activity may not
Salt Marsh development studies at Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts: Influence of geomorphology on long-term plant community structure

Stochastic events relating to beach formation and inlet dynamics have been the major factors influencing the development of the Waquoit Bay tidal marshes. This results from the physical structure of the Waquoit Bay system where tidal exchange is limited to one or two small inlets and is in contrast to marsh development in nearby Barnstable Marsh where direct unrestricted exchange with Cape Cod Bay has smoothed the effects of stochastic events on vegetation development. We contend that vegetation development in salt marshes where connections to adjacent waters are restricted will be dominated by abiotic factors (e.g. storms, sedimentation rates, etc.) while those marshes directly linked to open bodies of water and where alterations to hydrodynamic factors are gradual, autecological processes (e.g. interspecific competition) will dominate long-term plant community development. The results from the five marsh systems within the Waquoit Bay complex suggest that once a vegetation change occurs the new community tended to persist for long periods of time (100's–1000's years). Stability of the ‘new’ community appeared to depend upon the stability of the physical structure of the system and/or time between perturbations necessary to allow the slower autecological processes to have a discernable effect. In order for the plant community to persist as long as observed, the vegetation must also be exerting an influence on the processes of development. Increased production of roots and rhizomes and growth characteristics (density of culms) are some of the factors which help to maintain long-term species dominance. It is clear from this investigation that the structure of the plant community at any one point in time is dependent upon numerous factors including historical developmental influences. To properly assess changes to the present plant community or determine recent rates of accretion, historic developmental trends must be considered. The factors that have influenced the development of marsh in the past will be important in understanding and formulating predictive models in the future.
Symmetric solutions to the Gauss-Bonnet extended Einstein equations

Low-energy limits of string theories suggest that gravity lagrangians should include quadratic and higheorder curvature terms, in the form of dimensionally continued Gauss-Bonnet densities. In an arbitrary number of dimensions, we consider the static, spherically symmetric solutions to the lowest order Gauss-Bonnet extended Einstein equations. We also find isotropic, homogeneous cosmological solutions with an ideal fluid source.
Market dynamics analysis and multiple segmentation

The primary purpose of the research method described here is analytic—to develop an understanding of the forces at work that account for brand choice in the marketplace. The objective is to find out which kinds of consumers choose which brands and why. Although multiple discriminant analysis is utilized, the focus of the method is on the use of traceline analysis to interpret the meaning of the functions and then, if desired, to provide a basis for delineating relatively homogeneous segments. A case example is given using data from a strategic marketing study of the metropolitan New York MBA market conducted by a major university in the area.
Natural Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells inhibit Th2 polarization but are biased toward suppression of Th17-driven lung inflammation.

nTregs prevent autoimmunity and modulate immune and inflammatory responses to foreign antigens. CD4+Foxp3+ nTregs from DO11.10 mice were expanded ex vivo, and their effectiveness in suppressing the development of lung inflammatory responses, elicited by differentiated CD4+ T cells following antigen inhalation, was examined. Effector DO11.10 CD4+ Th2 cells, when adoptively transferred into BALB/c mice that subsequently inhaled OVA, elicited a pronounced pulmonary, eosinophilic inflammation. Surprisingly, the cotransfer of expanded nTregs failed to suppress the Th2-mediated airway inflammation. Nevertheless, expanded OVA-specific CD4+Foxp3+ nTregs were highly effective at inhibiting the polarization of naive CD4+ T cells into a Th2 phenotype. This suppression was reversed by an antibody to GITR but was not affected by the presence of the soluble OX40L. Further analysis revealed that although nTregs also failed to inhibit the lung neutrophilic inflammation induced by effector CD4+ Th1 cells, they markedly suppressed pulmonary inflammation elicited by CD4+ Th17 cells but not AHR. The suppression of the Th17-mediated response was evident from a striking reduction in the proportion of OVA-specific T cells expressing IL-17 and the numbers of neutrophils present in the airways of Th17 recipient mice. Collectively, these results demonstrate that expanded nTregs clearly limit the Th2 polarization process and that Th17-mediated inflammatory responses are particularly prone to the immunoregulatory properties of nTregs. These findings thus indicate that expanded nTregs are restrictive in their ability to suppress airway inflammatory processes and AHR.
An 82-Year-Old Woman With Cataracts

Dr Delbanco: Mrs K is an 82-year-old widowed former seamstress with poor vision secondary to bilateral cataracts. She lives with her daughter and extended family in a suburb of Boston, Mass. In 1977 she came to the United States from Haiti. She receives her primary care at the Beth Israel Hospital from a general internist and a nurse practitioner, Ms M, and speaks only Haitian Creole. She has Medicare without supplemental insurance. Mrs K was first seen as a patient in 1977, and at that time she was found to have bilateral cataracts. She has complained of poor vision throughout the years and has sought help from a physician for her vision during some of her frequent trips back to Haiti. During 1 of these visits, she was given potassium iodide eyedrops. In the fall of 1995, Mrs K complained of blurriness and a clear watery discharge in her left
Seasonal Decline in Fertility of Turkey Eggs

Abstract KNOX and Marsden (1954) reported while egg numbers in the Beltsville Small White turkey increased by selection in eight generations from 80 to 146 per hen, the fertility (Olsen and Marsden, 1952) was satisfactory only from January through April. This reduced fertility prevents high reproductive efficiency when selecting for genetic improvement in persistency of egg production. Lorenz et al. (1959) suggest inherited differences and age as factors accounting for some of the variations in sperm viability of individual hens and that, “sperm have a shorter life in old hens’ oviducts than in those of young hens.” More recently Van Krey et al. (1967) have shown late season declines in fertility due to non-retention of spermatozoa within the uterovaginal site. The research reported herein was conducted to determine the effect of age, sex difference and semen characteristics on seasonal decline in fertility of the turkey. PROCEDURE Late May hatched Medium White…
Dielectric relaxation and delayed-collection field experiments in amorphous semiconductors

Abstract Delayed-collection field (DCF) experiments, reported recently, were interpreted by the authors as giving evidence for rapid recombination in several amorphous semiconductors including a Si:H and a -As 2 Se 3 . An analysis is made of the DCF experiment for such materials which display dispersive transport because of multiple trapping (MT). It is shown that when the delay time is long compared with the zero-delay transit time, the effective transit time becomes equal to the delay time. Under such circumstances, a decrease of the collected charge may be a result of MT alone, and does not necessarily provide evidence for rapid recombination. It is shown that the process of dielectric relaxation is modified in a MT system. The mechanism by which the electric field is screened is closely related to the DCF experiment.
Diagnosis of renovascular hypertension and evaluation of "surgical" curability.

The screening criteria to detect renovascular hypertension are reviewed, and a step-by-step protocol is presented for patient evaluation. The usefulness of Captopril is established and the outpatient use of digital subtraction angiography proposed.
X-ray potentiation of MuLV infection in vitro.

Abstract Physical and chemical agents which cause DNA strand breakage enhance infection by DNA and RNA oncogenic viruses, presumably by facilitating the incorporation of viral genetic information into the host cell genome. X-irradiation has now been shown to potentiate infectious center formation by radiation leukemia virus (RadLV∗). The potentiation was dose-dependent with a peak in the range of 300–450 rads. Doses in this range enhanced infectivity by a factor of about 1.5 to 2. X-irradiation also enhanced the infection of cells phenotypically nonpermissive for murine leukemia virus infection, but did not alter the characteristic 2-hit kinetics observed in such cells. Fractionation of the X-ray exposure into two doses separated by varying time intervals showed that the potentiation persisted up to 30 hr postinfection. The initial dose fraction, given at the time of infection, caused partial synchrony of the host cell population. A sharp peak of enhancement occurred when cells received the second dose fraction at a time when they had just completed one round of DNA synthesis and mitosis.
Treatment of extensive small cell lung cancer

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is considered chemotherapy sensitive and is characterized by high response rates but short duration of response. Most patients (60%-70%) present with extensive-stage disease and thus, are incurable. Platinum-based therapy has remained the standard first-line treatment for over 15 years. Attempts to improve outcomes with alternating non-cross-resistant regimens, dose intensification, and maintenance or consolidation therapy have not resulted in improved survival and have often increased toxicity in a patient population in which the goals are palliation. Recently, first-line treatment of etoposide/platinum has been challenged by the results of a randomized trial that demonstrated improved response rates and survival compared to a combination of cisplatin and irinotecan. Confirmatory trials are ongoing. This article focuses on therapeutic paradigms for extensive SCLC that have been explored in randomized trials.
Whiteness and critical white studies in crime and justice

As a discipline, criminology has long attempted to come to terms with the ways in which race is implicated in crime causation, everyday criminal justice practice, policy formation, and punishment. ...
The role of destination image in tourism: An extension

Using the evaluative congruity theory framework, this article examines the role of destination images in tourism as related to an individual tourist's satisfaction/dissatisfaction with a destination area. Through an empirical study of visitors to a multi‐faceted destination area in Virginia, USA, the researcher found that the level of a tourist's satisfaction/dissatisfaction (TS/DS) with a destination area was highly correlated to an evaluative congruity of an individual tourist's pre‐visit destination images and his/her post‐visit recollection of experiences.
Classifiers without borders: incorporating fielded text from neighboring web pages

Accurate web page classification often depends crucially on information gained from neighboring pages in the local web graph. Prior work has exploited the class labels of nearby pages to improve performance. In contrast, in this work we utilize a weighted combination of the contents of neighbors to generate a better virtual document for classification. In addition, we break pages into fields, finding that a weighted combination of text from the target and fields of neighboring pages is able to reduce classification error by more than a third. We demonstrate performance on a large dataset of pages from the Open Directory Project and validate the approach using pages from a crawl from the Stanford WebBase. Interestingly, we find no value in anchor text and unexpected value in page titles (and especially titles of parent pages) in the virtual document.
Differential impacts of calcium and aluminum treatments on sugar maple and American beech growth dynamics

Acid deposition induced losses of calcium (Ca) from northeastern forests have had negative effects on forest health for decades, including the mobilization of potentially phytotoxic aluminum (Al) f...
Child Abuse Training, Comfort, and Knowledge Among Emergency Medicine, Family Medicine, and Pediatric Residents

Purpose: To assess the training, comfort, and knowledge related to the medical management of child abuse among emergency medicine, family medicine, and pediatric residents. Method: In 2004, a 25-item survey was distributed to 274 pediatric, emergency medicine, and family medicine residents at two medical schools in Norfolk, Virginia and Dallas, Texas. Analyses focused on identifying differences in training, comfort, and knowledge by specialty and site, and identifying factors associated with greater knowledge and comfort. Results: Pediatric residents reported receiving the most hours of instruction in child abuse during residency. Training experiences of family medicine residents differed significantly by site. Clinical and overall knowledge and comfort with handling exams correlated strongly with the number of abuse patients seen during residency. On both clinical and overall knowledge, family medicine residents performed significantly worse than pediatric and emergency medicine residents. Knowledge of genital anatomy and comfort with sexual abuse exams was poor among all specialties. Conclusion: The results support the need for improvements in and a more systematic approach to residency training in child abuse.
Model-based clustering with soft balancing

Balanced clustering algorithms can be useful in a variety of applications and have recently attracted increasing research interest. Most recent work, however, addressed only hard balancing by constraining each cluster to have equal or a certain minimum number of data objects. We provide a soft balancing strategy built upon a soft mixture-of-models clustering framework. This strategy constrains the sum of posterior probabilities of object membership for each cluster to be equal and thus balances the expected number of data objects in each cluster. We first derive soft model-based clustering from an information-theoretic viewpoint and then show that the proposed balanced clustering can be parameterized by a temperature parameter that controls the softness of clustering as well as that of balancing. As the temperature decreases, the resulting partitioning becomes more and more balanced. In the limit, when temperature becomes zero, the balancing becomes hard and the actual partitioning becomes perfectly balanced. The effectiveness of the proposed soft balanced clustering algorithm is demonstrated on both synthetic and real text data.
Late Quaternary palaeolakes, rivers, and wetlands on the Bolivian Altiplano and their palaeoclimatic implications

Drill cores of sediments from the Rio Desaguadero valley, Bolivia, provide new information about the climate of tropical South America over the past 50 000 years. The modern Rio Desaguadero is fed by Lake Titicaca overflow (and by local tributaries) in the wetter northern Altiplano and discharges into Lake Poopo in the more arid central Altiplano. During the late Quaternary the Rio Desaguadero valley was the site of several generations of palaeolakes and wetlands that formed during periods of increased precipitation and local runoff, augmented by increased overflow from Lake Titicaca. Sediments recovered by drilling in eight localities along the 390-km long valley of the Rio Desaguadero yield a regional history of lacustrine sedimentation and effective precipitation. Lacustrine strata in the drill cores record 12 distinct wet periods in the past 50 000 years. Four of these wet periods resulted in the formation of major palaeolakes in the Rio Desaguadero valley: during the last glacial maximum from before 20 000 to 16 000 cal. yr BP, during the late glacial from about 14 000 to 12 000 cal. yr BP, in the early Holocene from about 10 000 to 7900 cal. yr BP, and in the late Holocene from 4500 cal. yr BP to present. The period that appears to have been most arid was between 7900 and 4500 cal. yr BP. The Altiplano wet periods were generally synchronous with North Atlantic cold events (respectively, the last glacial maximum, the Younger Dryas, the 8200 cal. yr BP event, and the Neoglacial) implying a relationship between past precipitation variability in tropical South America and North Atlantic sea-surface temperature. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Candidates Make Good Friends: An Analysis of Candidates' Uses of Facebook

Through content analysis of Facebook wall comments in U.S. House and Senate races during the 2006 midterm election, this study describes young potential voters' comments (quantity, valence, etc.) through the lens of the dialogic communication theory of public relations. Findings indicate that individuals who wrote on candidate walls perceive themselves on friendly terms with the candidates, overwhelmingly write messages that are shallow and supportive, and are positive in tone. Candidates rarely, if ever, respond to these messages; although the mere use of Facebook is a dialogic feature, researchers conclude campaigns are not using it for two-way symmetrical relationship building.
The denaturation maxima of proteins and of drug-biomolecule complex formation in a wide range of methanol/water mixtures. Solvophobic theory predictions as compared to experiments.

Independent experiments have shown that both protein folding (G. Velicelebi and J.M. Sturtevant, Biochemistry 18 (1979) 1180) and drug-biomolecule complexation (D.M. Crothers and D.I. Ratner, Biochemistry 7 (1968) 1823) in a wide range of compositions of methanol/water mixed solvents exhibit a maximum at 8% (v/v) MeOH. This hitherto unexplained phenomenon is shown to be given a priori by the 'solvophobic theory' developed earlier by Sinanoglu which had related the solvent effects including water in biochemistry to the then introduced 'molecular surface areas' and to 'microthermodynamic cavity inner surface tensions' and in a different version to interfacial microtensions between side chains and the solvent. Both analyses carried out in the present paper in detail for MeOH/water mixtures show how the denaturation or complexation free energies are predicted for the entire range of MeOH/water compositions from only data at one point. The molecular surface area changes for the conformational processes are obtained as well as the free energies in the hypothetical but theoretically important in vacuo limits with no solvent present.
Infectious disease and the conservation of free-ranging large carnivores

Large carnivores are of vital importance to the stability and integrity of most ecosystems, but recent declines in free-ranging populations have highlighted the potentially devastating effect of infectious diseases on their conservation. We reviewed the literature on infectious diseases of 34 large (maximum body mass of adults >20 kg) terrestrial carnivore species, 18 of which are considered to be threatened in the wild, and examined reports of antibody prevalence (seroprevalence) and cases of infection, mortality and population decline. Of 52 diseases examined, 44% were viral, 31% bacterial and the remainder were protozoal or fungal. Many infections were endemic in carnivores and/or infected multiple taxonomic families, with the majority probably occurring via inhalation or ingestion. Most disease studies consisted of serological surveys for disease antibodies, and antibody detection tended to be widespread implying that exposure to micro-organisms was common. Seroprevalence was higher in tropical than temperate areas, and marginally higher for infections known to occur in multiple carnivore groups. Confirmation of active infection via micro-organism recovery was less common for ursids than other taxonomic groups. Published descriptions of disease-induced population decline or extinction were rare, and most outbreaks were allegedly the result of direct transmission of rabies or canine distemper virus (CDV) from abundant carnivore species to less-common large carnivores. We conclude that the threat of disease epidemics in large carnivores may be serious if otherwise lethal infections are endemic in reservoir hosts and transmitted horizontally among taxa. To prevent or mitigate future population declines, research efforts should be aimed at identifying both the diseases of potential importance to large carnivores and the ecological conditions associated with their spread and severity.
Provision of Multiple Rather Than Two or Fewer Micronutrients More Effectively Improves Growth and Other Outcomes in Micronutrient-Deficient Children and Adults

Deficiencies of multiple micronutrients (MMN) usually coexist in developing countries, but supplements have usually provided only 1 or 2 micronutrients (MN). To inform policy, in this article we compared the relative benefits of supplying MMN vs. a placebo or 1 or 2 MN on the following: children's growth, health, and development; pregnancy outcome; nutritional status; and HIV/AIDS mortality and morbidity in adults. Sufficient data were available to perform random-effects meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCT) for the effects of MMN on child growth and nutritional status. Results for other outcomes are presented as effect sizes (ES) when available. In children, MMN interventions resulted in small but significantly greater improvements in length or height (ES = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.055, 0.21) and weight (ES = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.029, 0.25), hemoglobin (ES = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.53), serum zinc (ES = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.43), serum retinol (ES = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.050, 0.61), and motor development. A Cochrane review reported that compared with no supplementation or a placebo, MMN supplementation during pregnancy reduced the relative risk of low birth weight (0.83), small-for-gestational age (0.92), and anemia (0.61); however, MMN were not more effective than iron + folic acid alone. There is some evidence that MMN supplementation improves CD4 counts and HIV-related morbidity and mortality in adults. The efficacy of MMN varies across trials, but overall there is evidence that outcomes are better than when providing < or =2 MN. The policy implications of these studies are discussed.
Numerical Modeling of Fetch-Limited Waves in the Gulf of Tehuantepec

Abstract During the Gulf of Tehuantepec Experiment (GOTEX), conducted in February 2004, surface-wave measurements were collected using a scanning lidar [Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM)] on the National Science Foundation (NSF)/NCAR C-130 aircraft during fetch-limited conditions with winds speeds ranging from 10 to 25 m s−1. The authors present direct comparisons between the observed evolution of the wave field and numerical simulations using a parameterization of the wave energy dissipation. For low and intermediate wavenumbers, the dissipation corresponds to the saturation-based parameterization by Alves and Banner. However, at higher wavenumbers, their formulation cannot maintain saturation of the spectrum. Here, the authors use a dissipation term that forces the spectrum to match the empirical degree of saturation and explicitly balances the wind input and the nonlinear energy fluxes. All model simulations were carried out with “exact” computations of the nonlinear energy transfer because of four-wav...
Measuring Coping Strategies Among African Americans: An Exploration of the Latent Structure of the COPE Inventory:

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the latent factor structure of the Coping With Problems Experienced (COPE) inventory, and to compare this structure to an imposed, culturally relevant latent structure with a sample of African Americans. The alternate, latent structure was derived from an Africentric framework, as well as from empirical findings on coping behaviors of African Americans. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test both models. CFA results indicated that the alternate latent structure represented the best overall fit to the data, with the original latent structure yielding a moderately acceptable fit. Implications for the use of the COPE with African Americans are discussed.
Abstract 3239: The Notch pathway as a new target in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Small molecule kinase inhibitors have dramatically improved the survival of patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST), yet most patients develop resistance, urging us to understand better the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease and identify new therapeutic strategies. Notch signaling is a conserved developmental pathway known to play a critical role in the development of several cancers, functioning as a tumor promoter or a tumor suppressor. Given that the normal progenitor cell for GIST, the Interstitial Cell of Cajal, has characteristics similar to those of cells of neuroendocrine origin, we hypothesized that Notch pathway impacts the biology of GIST cells. In a previous study, we demonstrated that constitutively active intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN-1) induced growth arrest in GIST cell lines. Here we report that ICN-1 downregulated KIT protein by a flow cytometric analysis in the three cell lines analyzed (GIST-T1, GIST882, GIST48IM). In parallel, inhibitions of Hes1, a major target gene of ICN-1, with a dominant negative construct, upregulated KIT protein expression in vitro (60% increase on western blot). This anti-tumor effect of Notch1 in GIST leads to a therapeutic opportunity as we showed in the present study that treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor, SAHA, caused a dose-dependent upregulation of Notch1 (6 fold increase of the mRNA with SAHA 2 µm/L on GIST-T1, P 80 months for the high group; P=0.005). These results identify a novel anti-tumor effect of Notch1 via a crosstalk between the Notch1 and KIT pathways in GIST cells. This finding may lead to new therapeutic strategies for GIST patients, in particular after failure of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3239. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3239
Rogers's Pattern Manifestations and Health in Adolescents

The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine four manifestations of human-environmentalfield patterning-human field motion, humanfield rhythms, creativity, and sentience-in relation to perceived health status in 106 early, 111 middle, and 113 late adolescents. Participants responded to the Perceived Field Motion Instrument (a measure of human field motion), the Human Field Rhythms Scale, the Creativity Scale, the Sentience Scale, the General Health Rating Index (a measure of perceived health status), and a brief demographic data sheet in classroom settings. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlations. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between perceivedfield motion and perceived health status in early, middle, and late adolescents, between human field rhythms and perceived health status in late adolescents only, and between creativity and perceived health status in late adolescents only. The inverse relationship found between sentience and perceived health status in early...
Encoding of three-dimensional structure-from-motion by primate area MT neurons

We see the world as three-dimensional, but because the retinal image is flat, we must derive the third dimension, depth, from two-dimensional cues. Image movement provides one of the most potent cues for depth. For example, the shadow of a contorted wire appears flat when the wire is stationary, but rotating the wire causes motion in the shadow, which suddenly appears three-dimensional. The neural mechanism of this effect, known as 'structure-from-motion', has not been discovered. Here we study cortical area MT, a primate region that is involved in visual motion perception. Two rhesus monkeys were trained to fixate their gaze while viewing two-dimensional projections of transparent, revolving cylinders. These stimuli appear to be three-dimensional, but the surface order perceived (front as opposed to back) tends to reverse spontaneously. These reversals occur because the stimulus does not specify which surface is in front or at the back. Monkeys reported which surface order they perceived after viewing the stimulus. In many of the neurons tested, there was a reproducible change in activity that coincided with reversals of the perceived surface order, even though the stimulus remained identical. This suggests that area MT has a basic role in structure-from-motion perception.
Toward autonomous control of microreactor system for steam reforming of methanol

Abstract Since the introduction of microchemical systems (MCS) in the last decade, it has been recognized that one of the most crucial challenges is the implementation of an appropriate control strategy. A novel study in realizing a controllable miniature chemical plant for a small-scale hydrogen source for fuel cells is presented. Catalytic steam reforming (SR) reaction of a methanol–water mixture was the model reaction studied. A microscaled reactor, sensors and actuators, were successfully prepared and integrated by using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. Microfabricated system components were then interconnected with a comprehensive control algorithm which could form the basis for an eventual autonomous, self-contained system. MCS represent a concept wherein precisely microfabricated fluid passages and reaction zones are integrated with sensors and actuators. Having an appropriate control strategy for the entire system of MCS is therefore a significant technical challenge. Although numerous MEMS-based examples of sensors and actuators exist for control of pressure, temperature and flow, there are few cases where these components have been combined with chemical reaction units and control algorithms into MCS. In this study, control of temperature and flow allows the hydrogen production rate to be modulated in a suitable fashion to support proton exchange fuel cell operation as a model. The reaction characteristics with temperature and flow changes, cold start-up behavior and the response to rapid changes in hydrogen demand were investigated. The control scheme implemented showed potential for autonomous control of fuel processing and other microchemical processing applications.
The Political Economy of Economic Liberalization in Syria

When the Arab world's authoritarian-populist/;etatist regimes first emerged, they were perceived by Marxist and modernization theorists alike as potentially forging the strong states needed by late developers to pursue national development. Three decades later, the conventional wisdom sees these states as obstacles to development and statism is in retreat. Even in Syria, where the Baʿth institutionalized statist ideology more effectively than elsewhere, economic liberalization has proved inescapable.
Distributed Anonymization: Achieving Privacy for Both Data Subjects and Data Providers

There is an increasing need for sharing data repositories containing personal information across multiple distributed and private databases. However, such data sharing is subject to constraints imposed by privacy of individuals or data subjects as well as data confidentiality of institutions or data providers. Concretely, given a query spanning multiple databases, query results should not contain individually identifiable information. In addition, institutions should not reveal their databases to each other apart from the query results. In this paper, we develop a set of decentralized protocols that enable data sharing for horizontally partitioned databases given these constraints. Our approach includes a new notion, l-site-diversity , for data anonymization to ensure anonymity of data providers in addition to that of data subjects, and a distributed anonymization protocol that allows independent data providers to build a virtual anonymized database while maintaining both privacy constraints.
Tinea versicolor in dark-skinned individuals

In this article, we review the salient features of tinea versicolor and describe the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and histopathology of this mycosis in dark-skinned individuals. Tinea versicolor is caused by an overgrowth of the Malassezia genus. It manifests clinically as asymptomatic hypopigmented macules, hyperpigmented macules, or a combination of the two. Under light microscopy, Malassezia presents as a dimorphic fungus - in both the hyphal and yeast form. Most clinicians have found that the majority of dark-skinned patients present solely with hypopigmented lesions. Under light microscopy, lesions on dark skin involved with tinea versicolor tend to have a thicker stratum corneum, more tonofilaments in the granulosum, and more sequestered melanosomes. Differential diagnosis includes confluent and reticulated papillomatosis, seborrheic dermatitis, pityriasis rosea, pityriasis alba, and vitiligo. Tinea versicolor can be successfully managed in most cases with topical antifungal treatments. Cases of recurrence, such as those seen in immunocompromised patients, may necessitate scheduled oral or topical therapy.
Host-induced modification-restriction and the utilization of 5-bromouracil by thymineless mutants of Escherichia coli.

Abstract An mk−rk− mutation exerted no measurable effect on 5-bromouracil incorporation by a thymineless derivative of Escherichia coli K.
Some speculations on the mechanisms of photochemical vapor generation

Possible mechanisms are advanced to account for a number of observations/phenomena associated with the production of volatile metal species arising from photochemical vapor generation in acetic and formic acid media. These systems include mercury, iodine, selenium, iron and nickel as test cases which generate cold vapor, hydrides, methylated and carbonylated species. A model, based on the photochemical generation of free radicals involving ligand to metal charge transfer reductions and oxidations, is consistent with the majority of experimental data, including the identity of the resultant species and the impact of external parameters. This mechanistic framework will hopefully serve to enhance understanding of the technique so as to elicit enhanced performance through development of improved hardware and minimization/control of interferences.
Dihydrocapsaicin-induced hypothermia and substance P depletion.

Abstract Administration of dihydrocapsaicin to rats resulted in a dose-dependent (0.5–10 mg/kg s.c.) hypothermia. Dihydrocapsaicin was approximately 65% more effective in producing hypothermia than capsaicin. Desensitization and cross-tolerance occurred to the hypothermic effects of both capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. Repeated administration of either dihydrocapsaicin or capsaicin resulted in chemogenic antinociception but not marked thermal antinociception. In addition, repeated administration of dihydrocapsaicin, like capsaicin, resulted in depletion of substance P from dorsal root ganglia and dorsal spinal cord but not from the hypothalamus, corpus striatum or ventral spinal cord. These data indicate that dihydrocapsaicin, or radiolabelled dihydrocapsaicin, may be a useful tool for investigating the mechanisms by which capsaicin alters thermoregulation and primary afferent neuron function.
Effect of Nitriding on Electrolysis and Devitrification of High‐Silica Glasses

Devitrification occurs near the cathode when reconstructed high-silica glasses and fused quartz undergo electrolysis at 900°C. The crystalline phase is cristobalite and results from a concentration of alkali ions. Subsequent and more superficial crystallization around the alkali-rich spot is caused by interaction of the glass with alkali vapors coming from the central spot. The degree of devitrification increases with the alkali content of the glass. Devitrification at constant alkali level can be reduced in reconstructed glasses by nitriding the porous glass with ammonia at a high temperature before consolidation. Devitrification decreases and viscosity and electrical resistivity increase as the nitriding temperature increases 500° to 1000°C. Nitrided glasses are more resistant to electrolytically induced devitrification than is fused quartz.
Correction of distortion in endoscope images

Images formed with endoscopes suffer from a spatial distortion due to the wide-angle nature of the endoscope's objective lens. This change in the size of objects with position precludes quantitative measurement of the area of the objects, which is important in endoscopy for accurately measuring ulcer and lesion sizes over time. A method for correcting the distortion characteristic of endoscope images is presented. A polynomial correction formula was developed for the endoscope lens and validated by comparing quantitative test areas before and after the distortion correction. The distortion correction has been incorporated into a computer program that could readily be applied to electronic images obtained at endoscopy using a desk-top computer. The research presented here is a key step towards the quantitative determination of the area of regions of interest in endoscopy. >
Optimum tapered buffer

Driver stages in MOS circuitry have been extensively investigated during the last decade. recently a tapering rule for CMOS buffers was derived showing that the tapering factor ( beta ) is determined by the ratio of output to input capacitance. The derivation fails to account for the correlation between the short-circuit current and beta . As a result, the derived formula consistently overpredicts the value of optimum beta , especially for large input/output capacitance ratios. The authors present a modified formula and a method to account for the effect of the short-circuit current that is viable for buffer stages over a wide range of output/input capacitance ratios; this newly derived formula accurately predicts the optimum tapering factors for BiCMOS as well as CMOS buffer chains. >
Numerical and experimental study of thermally induced residual stress in the hybrid laser–GMA welding process

Abstract A model based on a double-ellipsoidal volume heat source to simulate the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) heat input and a cylindrical volume heat source to simulate the laser beam heat input was developed to predict the temperature field and thermally induced residual stress in the hybrid laser–gas metal arc (GMA) welding process. Numerical simulation shows that higher residual stress is distributed in the weld bead and surrounding heat-affected zone (HAZ). Effects of the welding speed on the isotherms and residual stress of the welded joint are also studied. It is found that an increase in welding speed can reduce the residual stress concentration in the as-weld specimen. A series of experiments has been performed to verify the developed thermo-mechanical finite element model (FEM), and a qualitative agreement of residual stress distribution and weld geometrical size is shown to exist.
Spinor fields in general Newton-Cartan backgrounds

We give a covariant construction of Lagrangians for spinor fields in generic Newton-Cartan backgrounds. A nonrelativistic Dirac or L\'evy-Leblond operator and the associated fields are obtained from relativistic analogues by a limiting procedure. The relativistic symmetries induce the complete set of nonrelativistic symmetries, including Milne boosts and local Galilean transformations. The resulting L\'evy-Leblond operator includes nonminimal couplings to the Newton-Cartan structure as well as to the gauge field, and with these couplings it transforms covariantly. Phenomenologically, this fixes the gyromagnetic ratio to $g=1$. Three-dimensional spacetimes are an exception: generic $g$ is possible but results in modified Milne transformations, which---upon gauge fixing---reproduces the anomalous diffeomorphisms found in earlier approaches.
Nanoindentation of Isometric Viruses on Deterministically Corrugated Substrates.

It has been just over 100 years since inventor Joseph Coyle perfected the egg carton—a package format that has known very little changes since its first appearance (Dhillon, S. B. C. Inventor Created Better Way to Carry Eggs. In The Globe and Mail Vancouver, 2013). In this article, we extend Coyle’s old idea to the study of mechanical properties of viruses. Virus stiffness, strength, and breaking force obtained by force spectroscopy atomic force microscopy (AFM) provide the knowledge required for designing nanocontainers for applications in biotechnology and medicine, and for understanding the fundamentals of virus–host interaction such as virus translocation from one cellular compartment to another. In previous studies, virus particles adsorbed on flat surfaces from a physiological buffer were subjected to directional deformation by a known force exerted via a microscopic probe. The affinity between the virus shell and surface is required to be strong enough to anchor particles on the substrate while the...
Preventing Injuries and Deaths from Vehicle Crashes

Injury is the primary cause of lost person-years of productive life in the United States (Waller, 1987). The number of years lost annually to injuries of Americans exceed those lost from cancer by 2.4 million years and heart disease by 2.0 million years of life (Injury in America, 1985). Injury from motor vehicle crashes account for approximately 45% of the total (Sleet, 1987). In 1985 alone, approximately 43,800 people in the United States died in traffic accidents, and 3.5 million were injured (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1986). Vehicle crashes are the single leading cause of death and injury to Americans between the ages of 4 and 35 (McGinnis, 1984) and were estimated to cost the nation approximately $69.5 billion in 1984 (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1985), ranking second only to cancer (Hartunian, Smart, & Thompson, 1981).
Widely Tunable Micromachined Optical Filters

We demonstrate a surface-normal GaAs Fabry-Perot filter with 70 nm continuous tuning range requiring 5V tuning voltage. Micromechanical tuning is achieved by electrostatically deflecting the top mirror of the resonator which is freely suspended as a cantilever.
Role of collaborative care models including pharmacists in improving blood pressure management in chronic kidney disease patients.

Purpose of reviewInadequately controlled blood pressure is considered an important risk factor for both chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and cardiovascular disease progression in CKD patients. Patients with CKD and hypertension are typically followed in primary care practice settings and blo
Language and the Sentiment of Nationality

The nineteenth century, it is a commonplace to remark, witnessed a notable revival of nationalistic sentiment, the germs of which go back to the eighteenth, and the political consequences of which are in considerable part still outstanding. The emancipation of the Balkan States, the union of Italy, and the consolidation of Germany, were substantial, though incomplete, realizations of nationalism. The Germanization of Austria-Hungary, which had seemed inevitable, was brought to a halt by the national revival of Slav and Magyar. And today, not to mention the Irish situation, Eastern Europe is fairly alive with smaller nationalities seeking to gain or to maintain autonomous development. Nationalism, in spite of, or rather because of its being so largely a matter of sentiment, is the most active force in European politics. The dynastic system, certainly, is only a superficial relic of a past reality; loyalty to a dynasty, except as it is identified with nationalism, has lost its former significance. And on the other hand, a socialistic brotherhood which shall rise superior to the bounds of nationality is a dream of the future.
Bilateral lower extremity anterior compartment syndrome in a severely hypothyroid patient.

Compartment syndrome represents a potentially devastating surgical emergency that requires prompt recognition and definitive treatment. Early fasciotomy is essential to maximize the opportunity of a good outcome. The complications of compartment syndrome are often quite severe and include neuropathy, rhabdomyolysis (and its sequelae), and limb loss. The most common causes are typically related to trauma (orthopedic injury, crush injury, severe burns), vascular insult, or external restriction of the compartment, as in the case of an ill-fitted orthopedic cast.1