cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Dynamic Role of HAUSP in the p53-Mdm2 Pathway

Our previous study showed that ubiquitination of p53 is reversible and that the ubiquitin hydrolase HAUSP can stabilize p53 by deubiquitination. Here, we found that partial reduction of endogenous HAUSP levels by RNAi indeed destabilizes endogenous p53; surprisingly, however, nearly complete ablation of HAUSP stabilizes and activates p53. We further show that this phenomenon occurs because HAUSP stabilizes Mdm2 in a p53-independent manner, providing an interesting feedback loop in p53 regulation. Notably, HAUSP is required for Mdm2 stability in normal cells; in HAUSP-ablated cells, self-ubiquitinated-Mdm2 becomes extremely unstable, leading to indirect p53 activation. Furthermore, this feedback regulation is specific to Mdm2; in HeLa cells, where p53 is preferentially degraded by viral E6-dependent ubiquitination, depletion of HAUSP fails to activate p53. This study provides an example of an ubiquitin ligase (Mdm2) that is directly regulated by a deubiquitinase (HAUSP) and also reveals a dynamic role of HAUSP in the p53-Mdm2 pathway.
Chemical Communication in the Marine Planktonic Copepods Calanus Pacificus and Pseudocalanus Sp

[Es wurde experimentell untersucht, ob intraspezifische Paarungsbegegnungen bei den marinen planktonischen Copepoden Calanus parificus und Pseudocalanus sp. durch Pheromone kontrolliert werden, die durch das adulte Weibchen erzeugt werden. Nach Uberfuhrung in Wasser, das vorher frisch gehautete adulte Weibchen enthielt, zeigen adulte Mannchen ein fur sie charakteristisches Schwimmverhalten. Durch direkte Messungen und autoradiographische Methoden wird nachgewiesen, das Mannchen 14C- markierte, geloste organische Substanzen aufnehmen, vermutlich Pheromone von kurzlich gehauteten Weibchen. Die Hauptrezeptoren fur Pheromone befinden sich auf den mannlichen Antennulen und scheinen Aestheten zu sein., Es wurde experimentell untersucht, ob intraspezifische Paarungsbegegnungen bei den marinen planktonischen Copepoden Calanus parificus und Pseudocalanus sp. durch Pheromone kontrolliert werden, die durch das adulte Weibchen erzeugt werden. Nach Uberfuhrung in Wasser, das vorher frisch gehautete adulte Weibchen enthielt, zeigen adulte Mannchen ein fur sie charakteristisches Schwimmverhalten. Durch direkte Messungen und autoradiographische Methoden wird nachgewiesen, das Mannchen 14C- markierte, geloste organische Substanzen aufnehmen, vermutlich Pheromone von kurzlich gehauteten Weibchen. Die Hauptrezeptoren fur Pheromone befinden sich auf den mannlichen Antennulen und scheinen Aestheten zu sein.]
An analytical model for current-voltage characteristics of quantum-well heterojunction field-effect transistors

Abstract An analytical model has been developed for Insulated-Gate Inverted-Structure High Electron Mobility Transistors (I 2 -HEMTs) and Double Heterojunction High Electron Mobility Transistors (DH-HEMTs). In this model, the quasi-triangular potential well approximation is used to calculate the top-heterojunction Fermi potential as a function of the 2DEG concentration inside the quantum-well. A closed-form charge control formula has been derived. The 2DEG concentration vs gate voltage obtained from this model is found to agree with the self-consistent numerical model. Based on this charge-control model, the current-voltage relationships for I 2 -HEMTs and DH-HEMTs are obtained. In these relationships, the buffer 2DEG channel conduction beneath the quantum well and cross linking current inside the quantum well are considered. This model is compared with the experimental results and found to be fairly accurate.
Development of the norepinephrine transporter in the rat CNS

The norepinephrine transporter (NET) plays a major role in regulating the actions of norepinephrine by removing norepinephrine from the synapse. Many studies suggest norepinephrine plays an important role in regulating development of the CNS, pointing to NET as an important factor in this process. We examined the ontogeny of NET expression in rat brain at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days postnatally (PND) and in adults, using quantitative autoradiography with [3H]nisoxetine as ligand. At PND 5 and 10 most forebrain areas had low NET expression (1-2 fmol/mg tissue). By PND 15 most forebrain areas increased NET expression approximately five-fold compared with PND 10, levels generally similar to those found in the adult brain. In contrast, NET development in the brainstem exhibited elevated densities at PND 5, 10 and 20 that decreased in the adult. The locus coeruleus, in particular, had very high NET expression in the early postnatal period that decreased dramatically in the adult brain. These data illustrate a dynamic ontogenic profile for NET, characterized by developmental increases in forebrain structures and contrasting decreases in the brainstem. The early postnatal expression of NET in brainstem and the subsequent decrease or loss of NET expression with maturation suggest an important role for this transporter and for norepinephrine in the development of many brain regions. These studies also have important implications for use of drugs targeting the noradrenergic system in children and adolescents, such as antidepressants and drugs of abuse.
Third Wave Feminist Undergraduates: Transforming Identities and Redirecting Activism in Response to Institutional Sexism

This article shares the findings from an 18-month qualitative study of a vibrant, feminist student group at one midsized university in the West. Over the course of the study, the attitudes and behaviors of these women changed significantly as they experienced a chilly campus climate and encountered institutional sexism for the first time in their lives. Their third wave feminist identities transformed from a feminism of the future to the present, from a self-centered perspective to a focus on others, and from campus activism to community action.
RTK inhibition: looking for the right pathways toward a miracle.

Evaluation of: Lu KV, Chang JP, Parachoniak CA et al. VEGF inhibits tumor cell invasion and mesenchymal transition through a MET/VEGFR2 complex. Cancer Cell 22(1), 21–35 (2012). In glioblastoma, a well-characterized angiogenic target is VEGF. Bevacizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to VEGF and was developed to inhibit the VEGF signaling pathway. Based on promising results from clinical trials that bevacizumab can prolong progression-free survival in recurrent glioblastoma patients, the US FDA granted this drug accelerated approval for the treatment of recurrent or progressive glioblastoma; however, there has been no evidence that the overall median survival of patients is prolonged. More recently, Phase II clinical trials tested bevacizumab in combination with traditional radiation and/or temozolamide in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients and again showed prolonged progression-free survival in these patients, but overall survival was not significantly changed. More importantly, there ...
Flavor change and food deprivation are not critical for post-oral glucose appetition in mice.

When mice trained to consume a CS− flavored solution paired with intragastric (IG) water self-infusion are given a new CS+ flavor paired with IG glucose self-infusion, their intake is stimulated within minutes in the first CS+ test. They also display a preference for the CS+ over the CS− in two-bottle tests. These indicators of post-oral appetite stimulation (appetition) have been studied in food-restricted mice, with novel CS+ and CS− flavors. Two experiments tested whether deprivation and flavor novelty are needed for stimulation of intake. Exp. 1 compared food-restricted and ad libitum fed C57BL/6 mice trained for 1 h/day: 3 sessions with CS− flavor and IG water followed by 3 sessions with a novel CS+ flavor and IG 16% glucose. Ad libitum (AL) fed mice licked less overall, but like the food-restricted (FR) group they increased licking in the first session. In the choice test, FR mice displayed a significant CS+ preference (73%) whereas AL mice had a weaker preference (64%). In Exp. 2, food-restricted mice were trained with a flavor and IG water, and then the Same or a New flavor paired with IG 8% glucose. The glucose infusion rapidly stimulated intakes in the first and subsequent sessions and to the same degree in the two groups. Both groups also showed similar reductions in licking in extinction tests with IG water infusions. These data show that mice need not be explicitly food deprived or given a novel flavor cue to increase ongoing ingestion in response to post-oral glucose stimulation.
The Landau level density of states as a function of Fermi energy in the two dimensional electron gas

Abstract We have made quantitative determinations of the density of states (DOS) of Landau levels in a 2d system whose density can be varied using a gate bias. A novel technique employs two normalization conditions to extract the DOS as a function of Fermi energy in the 2d electron gas from capacitance data. No knowledge of sample parameters is required except for the sample area. In contrast with previous results, we find that Lorentzian lineshapes give excellent fits to the Landau level structure without need for added background and with linewidths that are independent of magnetic field strength.
Atomic structure of Fe {111}

Abstract A clean Fe {111} surface was prepared and studied with LEED (low-energy electron diffraction) and AES (Auger electron spectroscopy). A LEED intensity analysis was carried out with a new computational scheme (THIN) specially designed for short interlayer spacings. The results are, for the fust interlayer spacing, d 12 = 0.70 ± 0.03 A and for the inner potential V 0 = 11.1 ± 1.1 eV, the confidence intervals referring to 95% confidence level. Thus, the Fe {111} surface is contracted 15.4% with respect to the bulk (0.827 A).
Insensitivity of to hemoglobin-P50 at sea level and altitude

O2 uptake in the lungs, and therefore arterial oxygenation, is favored by a low Hb-P50 but this inhibits tissue O2 extraction, raising the question of optimal P50 during maximal exercise when VO2 is limited by O2 supply. Using a model of the lungs and muscles connected by the circulation so that O2 transport is simultaneously considered in both sites, sensitivity of VO2max to P50 was determined at three altitudes: PB = 760, 464 and 253 Torr, encompassing sea level and Mt. Everest. At Pb = 760 Torr, VO2max peaked at P50 = 30 Torr, was 99.4% (of that at 30) at normal P50 (26.8) and exceeded 95% (of that at P50 = 30) over the P50 range from 24 to 43 Torr. Optimal P50 at PB = 464 Torr was 25 Torr, VO2max at P50 = 26.8 was reduced only 0.1% and exceeded 95% over the P50 range from 19 to 41 Torr. At Pb = 253, optimal P50 was 20 Torr, VO2max at P50 = 26.8 was reduced only 0.4% and exceeded 95% over the wide P50 range from 15 to 47 Torr. While this analysis shows that technically, optimal P50 falls with altitude, VO2max is insensitive to P50 over a range that widens with altitude, so that P50 changes over a realistic interval would not measurably affect VO2max.
Atomically Resolved Determination of the Adsorption Sites as a Function of Temperature and Coverage: H2S on Si(111)-(7 × 7)

Using a variable-temperature ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope, the authors have studied the adsorption characteristics of H{sub 2}S on Si(111)-(7 x 7). The data suggest that H{sub 2}S adsorbs dissociatively at submonolayer coverage, from 50 to 300 K, with HS bonded to an adatom and H bonded to a rest atom. The adsorption is site selective, and the adsorption site preference is temperature dependent. At 50 K, the faulted center sites are most favored for adsorption, followed y unfaulted center sites, faulted corner sites, and unfaulted corner sites. As the temperature is increased, the differences between the faulted and unfaulted halves diminish, but the center sites remain more reactive than the corner sites. At room temperature, the ratio of adsorbates on center sites versus corner sites is 2:1. The authors present an explanation to account for the non-Langmuir kintics involved in this system.
IMPROVING THE MEAN-VARIANCE CRITERION USING STOCHASTIC DOMINANCE

The increased importance of the nonnormal stable Paretian distributions necessitates the development of an investment criterion which does not depend upon the mean and variance. This paper develops a criterion based upon the location and scale parameters of a probability distribution. The rationale of the criterion is established using stochastic dominance orderings of probability distributions. The paper also presents estimators for the location and scale parameters.
Reduction of leakage by implantation gettering in VLSI circuits

Damage introduced by ion implantation on the back side of the wafer is used to reduce the MOS transient (relaxation) and junction leakage; the technique is applied to dynamic memory cells. Conditions necessary to ensure efficient gettering by various species (B, Ar, Kr, and Xe) are established based on achieving a sufficient density of b = ½ 〈110〉 dislocations. When the implantation occurs through a screen oxide, dose levels of less than 3 × 10 14 ions/cm 2 for Ar were found to be suitable. Equivalent leakage reduction was obtained for all species. Specifically, B at 5 × 10 15 ions/cm 2 was as effective in reducing relaxation leakage as was 1 × 10 15 ions/cm 2 of Ar for the particular thermal history of the investigated process.
Cases as Minimalist Information

Cases are evocative narrative descriptions of a specific, real-world activity, event or problem. We are investigating cases as a minimalist information design technique, that is, as a design technique that (1) orients information to facilitate user action, (2) anchors information in activity, (3) prevents, mitigates and leverages error, and (4) develops user autonomy. We describe recent experiences employing case-based learning in an undergraduate usability engineering class. We discuss the next steps in a research programme on case-based learning, and speculate on other applications of cases as minimalist information design.
An efficient algorithm for multiple polony detection

We present an algorithm for automatic detection of solid- phase (polony) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) objects. The goal is to detect the location and size of each polony present in an image. Using a statistical model for an image of a polony, we are able to weigh different hypothesis, including arrangements of multiple overlapping objects. The algorithm uses a coarse-to-fine approach. A coarse version of the model is used to find candidate object locations and sizes with a low computational cost. More accurate versions of the full model, are then used to test for object presence only at the candidate locations.
INTEGRATION OF REAL-TIME CONTROL SIMULATION TO A VIRTUAL MANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENT

This paper presents a new integrated approach for simulation developed to improve the accuracy of virtual manufacturing environments. While machine tool simulation and virtual manufacturing for factory simulation have been frequently used in early stage plant development, each of these technique has been researched and implemented separately. This paper focuses on the utilization of real-time simulation of machine tools or active axes in manufacturing systems and integration of this simulation capability with virtual manufacturing environments. Machine-level simulation results are generated in real-time with a real machine tool controller and are fed to a virtual manufacturing environment. To integrate these two simulation techniques, system-level software is utilized as a communication platform. This system-level software was originally developed to control and configure whole manufacturing systems. The method has been successfully implemented within a testbed with full-scale machine tools. The results demonstrate that the proposed method advances the virtual manufacturing environments toward improved accuracy of factory level simulation, reduced effort for modeling and expanded functionality of machine-level simulations.
Mini-Review: Biosynthesis of Poly(hydroxyalkanoates)

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biologically produced polyesters which can consist of a diverse set of repeating unit structures. These biologically produced polyesters have many attractive proper...
Cervical radiography for trauma patients: a time-effective technique?

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to determine the time necessary to perform a six-view radiographic examination of the cervical vertebral column of trauma victims. In addition we compared the added examination times for 30 patients who underwent an additional helical CT examination of the cervical region immediately after cranial CT.CONCLUSION. Cervical radiography is a time-consuming procedure, which is a concern for trauma surgeons. A more efficient way for cervical evaluation of trauma patients needs to be adopted. Evidence now exists in the literature to suggest that helical CT can serve that purpose.
Intervention with Muslim Filipino Families:The Implications of Spirituality for Psychology

Political repercussions following destructive events of September 11, 2001 have the potential to dampen enthusiasm for the incorporation of spirituality by psychologists who see Muslim Filipino families. Among various Muslim Filipino populations, spirituality is fundamental. Psychologists who are conscientious would be remiss to exclude such a critical aspect of life when it is essential. The implications of spirituality for psychology intervention with Muslim Filipino families include the need to acknowledge and, when appropriate, apply values, belief systems, and other culture specific criteria. To do otherwise will bias intervention with Muslim Filipino families, rendering psychology less potent in its ability to accommodate such families.
Nonprescription analgesics and their use in solid-organ transplantation: a review.

Objective To review the pharmacology, adverse events, drug interactions, and use of the nonprescription analgesics in solid-organ transplant recipients. Study selection and data extraction Studies evaluating nonprescription analgesics in solid-organ transplantation were considered for evaluation. English-language studies were selected for inclusion. Data synthesis Nonprescription analgesics (aspirin, choline salicylate, magnesium salicylate, sodium salicylate, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen sodium, and acetaminophen) are the most commonly purchased over-the-counter agents in the United States. These agents, although generally considered safe, have been associated with a number of toxicities. The salicylates and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been associated with gastrointestinal damage, hematologic changes, liver and kidney dysfunction, and breathing difficulties. Acetaminophen has been shown to induce hematologic changes and liver and renal dysfunction. Conclusion A closer look at the nonprescription analgesics reveals their potential for harm when used by solid-organ transplant recipients. In this patient population, the salicylates and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should generally be avoided if possible, because of their potential toxicities, especially renal dysfunction. Low-dose aspirin, for the prevention of cardiovascular and cardiocerebral events, appears to be safe, but patients must still be followed closely. Acetaminophen is generally considered the nonprescription analgesic and antipyretic of choice in transplant recipients because of its favorable toxicity profile. However, it is imperative that patients and transplant practitioners are aware that this agent is not without toxicities and proper monitoring is advised.
An eye’s view of T regulatory cells

T regulatory (Treg) cells have been studied for more than 30 years. Recently, changing technology and attitudes have led to new interest in T cell regulation of the immune responses. The eye is an immune-privileged site with unique mechanisms for the prevention of damaging immune inflammation. The eye fashions its Treg cells in novel ways to prevent immune inflammation locally and systemically. The purpose of this mini-review is to condense and summarize reports of Treg cells dependent on the eye in the context of the Treg literature in general.
Patterns of exogenous insulin requirement reflect insulin sensitivity changes in trauma.

Introduction: We investigated patterns of blood glucose and exogenous insulin requirement in the intensive care unit, and questioned whether they reflect fluctuations in insulin activity. Methods: Records for burn intensive care unit patients with 7 days of glucose control with insulin were reviewed. Hourly blood glucose and insulin dose were matched for time collected and analyzed with linear and cosine regression. Frequency analysis identified recurring patterns. Results: Diurnal patterns of blood glucose and insulin requirement were noted (insulin troughs noon; insulin peaks midnight; glucose troughs 5 AM; glucose peaks 5 PM). Average insulin requirement increased at a constant linear rate (slope .013, r 2 .57, P .001). Conclusions: Diurnal patterns in blood glucose and insulin requirement mirror those of healthy subjects and may reflect persistence of normal variability in insulin activity. The 5-hour offset in peaks and troughs is suggestive of complex interplay between insulin availability and receptor sensitivity. The insulin requirement to blood glucose ratio increased, evidence that insulin resistance progresses over time. © 2007 Excerpta Medica Inc. All rights reserved.
Harmonic averaging of smooth permittivity functions in finite-difference Poisson–Boltzmann Electrostatics

Finite-difference Poisson–Boltzmann calculations offer an efficient and accurate means for electrostatic characterization of solvated molecules. However, discretization of charge and permittivity results in sensitive dependence on molecular position and orientation relative to the finite-difference grid. In this article, an improved method for limiting the error associated with discretization of the molecular volume, combining harmonic averaging between grid vertices and Gaussian-based smooth permittivity functions, is presented. While both these methods have the broader result of a smoothly varying permittivity, the Gaussian model represents a fundamental description of the dielectric boundary while harmonic averaging serves to provide information about the permittivity between grid points. Grid positional error is reduced by an order of magnitude in calculations of Born ion solvation energies, small molecule and protein solvation energies, and the solvation energy contribution to a protein-inhibitor complex.
Molecular-based processing and transfer of information in the terahertz domain for military and security applications

An implementation and review of our recently proposed scenarios [1-13] for processing and transfer of information is presented. We will show how computing using molecular potentials and vibronics communications can be adapted to upgrade present charge-current approaches, which are already in the limits of their technical and perhaps physical limits because their immense heat dissipation problems. It has long been recognized the many advantages and potential payoffs that the development of THz based applications could bring to the military and security areas. We focus our implementation in the development of THz sensing and imaging for a wide range of military and security applications as systems operating at these frequencies have shown to have high sensitivity and selectivity when applied to the analysis of molecules. These are properties that are highly desirable in the design of sensing tools for the detection, identification and characterization of chemical and biological agents; and in the design of monitoring tools for the detection of these substances, both in closed and, with less selectivity, in open environments. Many materials of interest for security applications including explosives, and chemical and biological agents have characteristic THz fingerprints which set them apart from non-hazardous materials, thus allowing their identification. As molecular electronics techniques become available [14], they could sharply improve our present detection and sensing techniques.
Development of a high-throughput process for detection and screening of genetic polymorphisms.

A method is described that uses the ABI PRISMTM 310 genetic analyzer in conjunction with custom-designed software to identify and classify RAPD products. This methodology will also work well with A...
Neuropathy in the hypereosinophilic syndrome

Peripheral nerve dysfunction was a prominent clinical feature in each of three patients with the hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). The neuropathy, occurring at the onset of marked eosinophilia or at a time of its worsening, had a painful onset, evolved over 1-4 weeks, and affected both sensory and motor function. Electrodiagnostic studies demonstrated both multifocal and generalized nerve involvement, with the former predominating (multiple mononeuropathy). Nerve and muscle biopsies from two patients revealed severe axonal degeneration with neurogenic atrophy of muscle. The eosinophilia decreased dramatically with corticosteroid treatment and the neuropathy gradually improved, but all three patients manifested residual neurologic disability 17-22 months after onset. The neuropathy may be on an ischemic basis or may be related to neurotoxicity of eosinophil products.
Self-Calibration of Camera-Equipped Robot Manipulators

A new approach to self-calibrate a camera-equipped robot manipulator is proposed in this paper. Self-calibration here means that the camera-robot system is capable of determining its geometric parameters without any external measurements and/or ground truth calibration data. With the proposed approach, one is able to identify all the rotational parameters and, up to a scale factor, all the translational parameters of a robotic system without any ground truth data. It is known from the computer vision literature that the extrinsic and intrinsic parameters of the camera can be obtained up to a scale factor by using the corresponding points of objects in a natural environment from an image sequence without knowing the positions of these object points. It is also well known that if the camera is treated as the tool of the robot, one is able to compute the corresponding robot pose directly from the camera-extrinsic parameters. An important question is how to determine the scale factors, which vary from one rob...
Overloaded elution band profiles of ionizable compounds in reversed-phase liquid chromatography: influence of the competition between the neutral and the ionic species.

The parameters that affect the shape of the band profiles of acido-basic compounds under moderately overloaded conditions (sample size less than 500 nmol for a conventional column) in RPLC are discussed. Only analytes that have a single pKa are considered. In the buffer mobile phase used for their elution, their dissociation may, under certain conditions, cause a significant pH perturbation during the passage of the band. Two consecutive injections (3.3 and 10 μL) of each one of three sample solutions (0.5, 5, and 50 mM) of ten compounds were injected on five C18-bonded packing materials, including the 5 μm Xterra-C18 (121 A), 5 μm Gemini-C18 (110 A), 5 μm Luna-C18(2) (93 A), 3.5 μm Extend-C18 (80 A), and 2.7 μm Halo-C18 (90 A). The mobile phase was an aqueous solution of methanol buffered at a constant WWpH of 6, with a phosphate buffer. The total concentration of the phosphate groups was constant at 50 mM. The methanol concentration was adjusted to keep all the retention factors between 1 and 10. The compounds injected were phenol, caffeine, 3-phenyl 1-propanol, 2-phenyl butyric acid, amphetamine, aniline, benzylamine, p-toluidine, procainamidium chloride, and propranololium chloride. Depending on the relative values of the analyte pKa and the buffer solution pH, these analytes elute as the neutral, the cationic, or the anionic species. The influence of structural parameters such as the charge, the size, and the hydrophobicity of the analytes on the shape of its overloaded band profile is discussed. Simple but general rules predict these shapes. An original adsorption model is proposed that accounts for the unusual peak shapes observed when the analyte is partially dissociated in the buffer solution during its elution.
Returning to professionalism: the re-emergence of medicine's art.

(2004). Returning to Professionalism: The Re-emergence of Medicine's Art. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 18-19.
Endocrine Aspects of Trauma

Trauma has a generalized efffect on the whole organism or man in addition to well recognized direct effects on specific tissues. The nervous and endocrine systems coordinate and integrate a whole organism response to these generalized effects of trauma. These are in part efforts to facilitate and coordinate for the organism protection, stabilization and adaptation to environmental change. The adaptation response of the organism to bring about adjustments to meet environmental change was a concept first developed and organized as a thesis by Hans Selye of this conference. It remains a cornerstone of our concepts. Effecting such adaptations is the major purpose of the nervous and endocrine system in response to trauma or any stress.
Nitrogen fertilization and critical nitrogen concentration for contemporary high yielding cotton under no-tillage

Nitrogen (N) management strategies for cotton may need to be modified because of the use of new high yielding cultivars and improved cropping systems. The objective of this research was to determine the optimal N application rate and critical leaf N concentration for contemporary high yielding cotton under no-tillage systems. A strip-plot trial was conducted on eleven private farms in Crockett, Fayette, Gibson, Haywood, Lake, and Lauderdale counties from 2009 through 2010 in Tennessee. Five N treatments of 0, 45, 90, 134, and 179 kg N ha−1 were evaluated as side-dress N of urea and ammonium nitrate solution in strip plots in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Eight out of the eleven location–years showed significant yield responses to side-dress N applications. Applying 45–146 kg N ha−1 (including pre-plant and side-dress N) was sufficient for maximum cotton yields at the N responsive location–years. The results of this study indicate that the current N fertilizer recommendations for cotton may be more than adequate for some upland soils but inadequate for some other upland fields. A range of 34.4–47.4 g kg−1 of leaf N concentration at early bloom is required for cotton to reach to maximum lint yield. These critical leaf N values were somewhat greater than the current sufficient N range, which suggests that the current critical leaf N concentrations for cotton in the southern U.S. may need to be modified; contemporary high yielding varieties require slightly higher N application rates to maximize yields.
Merging library service desks: Less is more

Abstract The case study in this chapter describes the planning and implementation of a single service desk or “one desk” model, merging the circulation and reference desks at a large academic library. The transition to a single service desk model was proposed as a way to utilize library staff more efficiently and effectively. The project included a literature review, interviews with libraries that had recently moved to a one-desk model, and a recommendation that included a method as well as timeline for implementation. As a result of the recommendation, three committees were formed to lead the transition, each with representation from both the circulation and reference departments. One committee oversaw the physical implementation and assessment, while the second committee created training program for all staff teaching core competencies for both reference and circulation. The third committee recruited student peer research leaders as part of a pilot program for student assistants. Through the implementation process, the chairs of the three committees concluded that implementing a single service desk involved much more than just moving furniture and relocating equipment. Combining two departments with distinct organizational cultures was the key to making the transition successful. The details of the implementation can be used as a model for other libraries of any type contemplating a similar transition.
Sexual dimorphism, social behavior, and intrasexual competition in large Pleistocene carnivorans

Among living carnivorans, the degree of sexual dimorphism in canine tooth size is correlated with breeding system. Monogamous pair-bonding species and those that form multi-male, multi-female groups tend to be less dimorphic than uni-male, group living species. This correspondence between social behavior and dental dimensions suggests that the inference of sexual dimorphism in extinct carnivorans could shed light on their breeding structure. In this paper, we estimate level of sexual dimorphism in skull length, canine tooth size, and lower molar length for two extinct species, the dire wolf, Canis dirus, and the sabertooth cat, Smilodon fatalis. Three methods are employed to estimate sexual dimorphism: extrapolation from coefficients of variation, division of the sample about the mean, and finite mixture analysis. Results indicate that dire wolves were similar to most canids in their low level of sexual dimorphism, suggesting a pair-bonded breeding structure. Smilodon fatalis appears to have been significantly less dimorphic than living or fossil lions and more comparable to solitary living felids in canine and skull size dimorphism. Thus it seems unlikely that S. fatalis had a polygynous breeding structure like lions in which males compete intensely for access to females. Instead, if S. fatalis lived in groups, these would have been composed of a monogamous pair and their offspring from current and perhaps previous years.
In-toilet disinfection of fresh fecal sludge with ammonia naturally present in excreta

A simple treatment method, Safe Sludge disinfection, was developed to disinfect pathogens in fresh fecal sludge using the ammonia naturally present in excreta. In the first step, urea is hydrolyzed to ammonia (NH 3 /NH 4 + ). In the second step, Ca(OH) 2 is added to raise the pH level such that NH 3 , a known disinfectant, is the dominant form of ammonia; subsequently, the waste is stored until sufficient disinfection is achieved. In a closed system at 23 °C, Safe Sludge disinfection achieved >9.3 log 10 and >4.0 log 10 decrease of indigenous Escherichia coli and seeded MS2 coliphage, respectively, within 10.6 hours, and 2.0 log 10 inactivation of seeded Ascaris suum eggs within 2 weeks. Disinfection of feces at high pH with no urine addition was tested for comparison, and similar inactivation levels were achieved for E. coli and MS2 bacteriophage. However, for Ascaris eggs only 0.38 log 10 inactivation was achieved over 2 weeks. For control samples (feces plus urine only), no inactivation of bacteria or virus indicators was observed and inactivation of Ascaris eggs was also low (0.42 log 10 ). To illustrate how the Safe Sludge concept could be incorporated into a waterless household toilet, a conceptual design and prototype was developed, called the pHree Loo.
De-stigmatizing sex work: Building knowledge for social work

This qualitative study illuminates a controversial perspective of sex work arguing that it should be treated as a legitimate occupation. The article draws on a series of interviews with sex workers, social workers and experts working in areas of support for sex workers in Sydney, New South Wales. Sex workers, social workers and experts’ perception is that sex work was perceived as empowering for sex workers. Contrary to the common images of sex workers as drug users, victims of violence or glamorous women, most of the sex workers in this study did not fit any of the common stereotypes. Sex workers also preferred to obtain support from other sex workers rather than more ‘powerful’ professionals. These findings have implications for social work and appear to demand greater support for opportunities for sex workers to have peer-to-peer interactions and support and understanding from professionals to provide them optimal support if they wanted to remain in the sex industry.
Qualitative Teaching and Learning Needs Assessment for a Community of Academic Librarians

ASBTRACTThe Information Literacy Unit at Michigan State University Libraries is tasked with providing teaching and learning support to 70+ librarian colleagues at MSU. The unit was asked to conduct a needs assessment to determine supportive needs, attitudes toward teaching and learning, and to lay groundwork for expanding the ability of the unit to provide support through building trust and strengthening relationships with librarian colleagues. An interview-based method grounded in social sciences rather than an assessment with a management focus was employed to accomplish these diverse tasks, which yielded actionable insights.
Using Title Insurance to Avoid Malpractice and Protect Clients in a Changing Marketplace

The residential real estate market has changed dramatically in the past few years. The changes in this market are having an impact on many lawyers who are finding it increasingly difficult to remain involved in the residential end of the business. Many are finding it increasingly difficult to provide professional counseling in a residential transaction because of competitive pressure from low cost, non-lawyer, service providers. At the same time, these attorneys are discovering that changing market conditions are revising the standard of professional care for residential transactions, and making fee title insurance the norm for avoiding claims of malpractice. At the outset, it is important to remember that as lawyers we are not immune from the marketplace. The law, legal institutions, and each of us, as practicing lawyers, need to be aware of the ways in which market forces influence and shape our profession. We must respond to and address these changes or we will quickly find that we are outdated, that we have fewer clients, less revenue, and more liability. More importantly, we will soon discover that we are failing to meet the needs of our clients who are operating in a dynamic and market driven world. To the extent that we fail to adjust to changing market conditions we will find more and more accounting firms, real estate brokers, title companies, and escrow agents, among others, taking over the transactions that have traditionally been within our professional domain. And, we will likely see a decline in the quality of legal advice to the individual client, as lawyers are pushed further and further away from the transaction. Lawyers must also respond to changing market conditions to avoid malpractice. Just as medical doctors and automobile manufacturers need to adjust their standards and practices overtime, so too lawyers must make similar changes. In this paper, I address some of these market changes and explain how title insurance can be used as one important tool for enhancing and protecting our role in the residential real estate transaction, while simultaneously helping our clients. I also emphasize my professional view that as a result of market changes, a lawyer commits malpractice in failing to obtain fee owner's title insurance for a residential homebuyer.
The avant-garde and resident Korean film-making: Kim Sujin and the Shinjuku Ryozanpaku

AbstractThe plays and films of Kim Sujin (1954–) and his company Shinjuku Ryozanpaku attest to the variety of styles employed in recent works by resident Korean artists in Japanese literature and theatre. The appearance of his plays and films is connected to the changing identities of resident Koreans, especially since the 1980s. Kim makes use of political theatre performances of the earlier period to magnify and to remake into art the experiences of resident Koreans in Japan. As such, his works mobilize the legacy of his antecedents in Japanese theatre as well as the past experiences of resident Koreans. Instead of enacting an essential Korean ethnicity or culture onstage or through films, Kim inclines toward denoting migration, hybridity and being situated as betwixt and between. By doing so, his works depict the distinct niche occupied by resident Koreans in Japan, which distinguishes them from both the Koreans on the mainland and the Japanese.
Attenuation Analysis for Heterogeneous Transversely Isotropic Media

Attenuation coefficients obtained from seismic data may provide sensitive attributes for reservoir characterization and increase the robustness of AVO (amplitude variation with offset) analysis. Here, we present an algorithm for ray tracing in attenuative anisotropic media based on the methodology of Cervený and Psencik. Both kinematic and dynamic ray tracing are carried out in an elastic reference medium, with the attenuation terms incorporated as perturbations along the ray. Numerical examples for smoothly varying transversely isotropic (TI) media demonstrate the accuracy of the method. The dynamic ray-tracing technique provides an efficient forward-modeling operator that can be used in the inversion for anisotropic attenuation. We outline an inversion methodology for estimating attenuation coefficients in 2D heterogeneous anisotropic media. A necessary prerequisite for accurate attenuation analysis is reconstruction of the heterogeneous velocity field. If the subsurface can be approximated by a piecewise-factorized VTI (TI with a vertical axis of symmetry) medium, the anisotropic velocity model can be built using the migration velocity analysis algorithm proposed by Sarkar and Tsvankin. Attenuation coefficients in each factorized block can then be estimated using gradient-based inversion that employs dynamic ray tracing.
Cannabis Motives and Quitting Tobacco: Smoking Expectancies and Severity among Treatment-seeking Cigarette Smokers

Objective:The present research examined the impact of cannabis motives on tobacco outcomes.Methods:The sample included 403 daily smokers (214 males; mean age, 35.24 y). A bifactor model of cannabis motives was examined to determine whether this approach might best elucidate relations between cannabi
Same-sex relationships and minority stress

Same-sex relationships are stigmatized in a culture that privileges heterosexual relationships. This stigma creates minority stress in the lives of same-sex couples. We review current research on minority stress and same-sex relationships using an ecological framework to conceptualize the sources of minority stress that impact couples. Findings from this review suggest a need for research that moves conceptually and methodologically beyond a focus on the individual to a focus on the dyad and the interpersonal, institutional, and cultural sources of minority stress that affect couple relationships. Focusing on the strengths and resiliencies of same-sex couples will also extend the research. Creating effective dyadic interventions will promote the health and well-being of same-sex couples and their families.
183 DISTRIBUTION AND METABOLIC SYNDROME CORRELATES OF SERUM ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: THE BOGALUSA HEART STUDY.

Background Abnormal levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), a marker of liver dysfunction and nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), are considered the metabolic consequence of obesity in adults and children alike. However, population-based data on the distribution of ALT and its association with obesity and other components of metabolic syndrome in biracial (black-white) children and adolescents are lacking. Methods The study sample consisted of 1,524 children (age 4-11 years, 62% white, 51% male) and 1,060 adolescents (age 12-18 years, 58% white, 51% male), examined as part of the Bogalusa Heart Study, with measurements of ALT and other CV risk factor variables. Results ALT levels showed significant race (white > black, p female, p = .0001) difference in adolescents. Both in children and adolescents, top versus bottom quartiles of ALT levels had increased prevalence of adverse levels (> than age, race, gender-specific 75th percentile) of body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), as well as metabolic syndrome. In multivariate analyses, BMI was the major predictor of ALT levels in both children and adolescents. Other significant independent predictors were white race in children and total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio, HOMA-IR, and male gender in adolescents. Clustering of adverse levels of three or four risk factors (BMI, systolic blood pressure, total-to-HDL cholesterol, or HOMA-IR) at the top quartile of ALT was displayed by 24.9% children and 29.0% adolescents and was significantly higher than expected by chance alone (p Conclusion ALT levels within normal range are strongly associated with metabolic syndrome and its components in children and adolescents and thus may be a useful biomarker for this condition.
Effects of MTH1 and OGG1 in Repair of DNA Oxidative Damage Induced by H_2O_2

BACKGROUND AND AIM:To assess the interactions of MutT homologue(MTH1) and 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase1(OGG1),two important genes of base excision repair.We examined 8-hydroxyguanine(8-oxo-dG) formation and 8-oxo-dG repair enzyme activity in pulmonary type-II-like epithelial cells to determine the association of hOGG1 and hMTH1 under oxidative stress induced by H2O2.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A549 cells were incubated with H2O2 at concentrations of 0,50,100,200 and 300 μmol/L for 24 h.We then evaluated 8-oxo-dG formation,8-oxo-dG repair enzyme activity and expressions of hOGG1 and hMTH1 genes.This was done using a high-performance liquid chromatography system equipped with an electrochemical detector,endonuclease nicking assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,respectively.RESULTS:H2O2 induced the formation of 8-oxo-dG in DNA at concentrations of 100 and 200 μmol/L.8-oxo-dG levels peaked at 12 h and had declined to near baseline at 24 h,whereas 8-oxo-dG repair enzyme activity peaked at 18 h post-H2O2 exposure.hOGG1 and hMTH1 mRNA levels were also increased by H2O2 exposure,with alternating peaks.CONCLUSION:These data suggested that hOGG1 and hMTH1 displayed alternating effects in the process of oxidized DNA repair.
Research on invasive cytogenetic diagnosis in pregnant women with different indications

Objective:To explore invasive cytogenetic diagnosis(amniocentesis) in pregnant women with different indications to obtain fetal cells,analyze chromosome abnormalities and its detection rate,so as to prevent the birth of baby with deficiency.Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on 4905 women in Ningbo,who had underwent invasive prenatal diagnosis,invasive indications and abnormal chromosome karyotype as well as its incidence were analyzed.Results: The indications for invasive pregnant diagnosis in these 4905 women were:increased risk at prenatal screening,advanced maternal age(≧35),abnormal foundings through ultrasonograph,history of adverse pregnancy and chromosomal balance translocation carriers in either one of the couple.252 cases were found to be chromosomal abnormalities with the detection rate of 5.14%.The abnormal karyotypes were 87 cases of trisomy,14 cases of Turner′s,6 cases of partial monomer or trisomy,4 cases of triploid,28 cases of balanced translocation,1 case of ring chromosome,69 cases of inversion,36 cases of chromosome polymorphism and 7 cases of other mosaictypes.Conclusion: High-risk pregnant women of different indications should be involved in invasive cytogenetic diagnosis of fetal chromosomes,effectively controlling the incidence of birth defects.
Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery

This chapter covers the three major esophageal surgical categories: esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with stenting, fundoplication/hiatal hernia repair, and esophagectomy. For each surgery, a brief review of the inciting pathology and procedure technique is followed by preoperative and intraoperative anesthetic considerations. At the end of this chapter, postoperative anesthetic considerations relevant to all surgical types are discussed.