cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Individual Differences in the Biphasic Effects of Ethanol

Ethanol exerts both stimulant-like and sedative-like subjective and behavioral effects in humans depending on the dose, the time after ingestion and, we will argue, also on the individual taking the drug. This study assessed stimulant-like and sedative-like subjective and behavioral effects of ethanol during the ascending and descending limbs of the blood alcohol curve across a range of doses in nonproblem social drinkers. Forty-nine healthy men and women, 21 to 35 years old, consumed a beverage containing placebo or ethanol (0.2, 0.4, or 0.8 g/kg) on four separate laboratory sessions, in randomized order and under double-blind conditions. Subjective and behavioral responses were assessed before and at regular intervals for 3 hr after ingestion of the beverage. The lowest dose of ethanol (0.2 g/kg) only produced negligible subjective effects compared to placebo. The moderate dose (0.4 g/kg) increased sedative-like effects 90 min after ethanol ingestion but did not increase ratings of stimulant effects at any time. The highest dose (0.8 g/kg) increased ratings of both stimulant- and sedative-like effects during the ascending limb and produced only sedative-like effects during the descending limb. Closer examination of the data revealed that individual differences in response to the highest dose of ethanol accounted for this unexpected pattern of results: about half of the subjects reported stimulant-like effects on the ascending limb and sedative-like effects on the descending limb after 0.8 g/kg ethanol, whereas the other half did not report stimulant-like effects at any time after administration of ethanol. These results challenge the simple assumption that ethanol has biphasic subjective effects across both dose and time, and extend previous findings demonstrating individual differences in response to ethanol.
Engineers and Workers: A Case Study

In modern industry, it is generally the engineers who organize the technological change process. As staff experts, they design and develop new machines and processes; as supervisors of the work force, they direct the operation of the new work-ways.
Cognitive decline in older adults with a history of traumatic brain injury

Summary Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important public health problem with potentially serious long-term neurobehavioural sequelae. There is evidence to suggest that a history of TBI can increase a person's risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. However, individuals with dementia do not usually have a history of TBI, and survivors of TBI do not invariably acquire dementia later in life. Instead, a history of traumatic brain injury, combined with brain changes associated with normal ageing, might lead to exacerbated cognitive decline in older adults. Strategies to increase or maintain cognitive reserve might help to prevent exacerbated decline after TBI. Systematic clinical assessment could help to differentiate between exacerbated cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment, a precursor of Alzheimer's disease, with important implications for patients and their families.
Sensory Ecology of Birds

Birds inhabit a wide range of habitats; some are flightless, others annually migrate thousands of miles. Despite this variety, relatively few studies have specifically investigated their sensory ecology. Nevertheless, in the past few years important new information on avian sensory abilities has become available. Some of the most exciting developments have been associated with attempts to clarify the sensory basis for orientation during homing and migration. The majority of the following discussion is devoted to vision and audition since it is for these senses that the most data are available.
Genetic and epigenetic aspects of breast cancer progression and therapy

Although breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that is challenging to characterize and treat, the recent explosion of genetic and epigenetic research may help improve these endeavors. In the present review, we use genetic diversity to characterize and classify different types of breast cancer. We also discuss genetic and epigenetic changes that are involved in the development of different breast cancer types and examine how these changes affect prognosis. It appears that while a combination of mutations and copy number changes determine the type of breast cancer, epigenetic alterations may be the primary initiators of cancer development. Understanding these critical biomarkers and molecular changes will advance our ability to effectively treat breast cancer. Next, we examine potential drug therapies directed at epigenetic changes, as such epigenetic drug treatments may prove useful for treating patient-specific tumors, breast cancer progenitor cells, and drug-resistant cells. Lastly, we discuss on mechanisms of carcinogenesis, including a novel hypothesis outlining the role of epigenetics in the development of cancer progenitor cells and metastasis. Overall, breast cancer subtypes may have a similar epigenetic signal that promotes cancer development, and treatment may be most effective if both epigenetic and genetic differences are targeted.
Self-Interference Suppression in Doubly-Selective Channel Estimation Using Superimposed Training

Channel estimation for frequency-selective time- varying channels is considered using superimposed training. We employ a discrete prolate spheroidal basis expansion model (DPS-BEM) to describe the time-varying channel. A periodic (non-random) training sequence is arithmetically added (superimposed) at low power to the information sequence at the transmitter before modulation and transmission. In existing first-order statistics-based channel estimators, the information sequence acts as interference resulting in a poor signal-to- noise ratio (SNR). In this paper a data-dependent superimposed training sequence is used to either totally or partially cancel out the effects of the unknown information sequence at the receiver on channel estimation. In total cancellation, at certain frequencies, the information-bearing components are nulled. To compensate for this information loss, we propose a partially-data- dependent (PDD) superimposed training scheme where a tradeoff is made between interference cancellation and frequency integrity. An iterative method is also used to enhance channel estimation and data detection and illustrated via a simulation example.
The diurnal fluctuation in the ground-water and flow of the santa ana river and its meaning

In the time alloted for this subject it will be impossible to discuss, in its entirety, all phases of the methods used in computing the loss of water by transpiration from native plant-life along the Santa Ana River. The results of this work are published in Bulletin 44 of the Division of Water Resources, State of California. The present paper is confined to a discussion of the diurnal fluctuations that occur in the flow of the Santa Ana River and the adjacent ground-water. On Figure 1 have, been plotted the gage-height records for a short period (July 5–8, 1935) for eight southern California streams. These records have been selected at random from the large number of records filed in the local office of the United States Geological Survey. Some of these streams have a large drainage-area, others are small; some are short and steep, others flat and long. The points of measurement range from 15 to 2950 feet above sea-level. One of the streams (Mojave River) is in the desert-region; the others drain into the Pacific Ocean. The object of Figure 1 is to demonstrate, that the diurnal fluctuation exists and is, to a large degree, similar at most points of measurement. As a rule, the maximum discharge occurs about 10 o'clock in the morning, and the minimum late in the afternoon. It is readily recognized that these fluctuations are in the main caused by the evaporation and transpiration-loss in or adjacent to the stream-channel.
Dielectric Elastomer Based “Grippers” for Soft Robotics

The use of few stiff fibers to control the deformation of dielectric elastomer actuators, in particular to break the symmetry of equi-biaxial lateral strain in the absence of prestretch, is demonstrated. Actuators with patterned fibers are shown to evolve into unique shapes upon electrical actuation, enabling novel designs of gripping actuators for soft robotics.
As good as it gets--training with Henry Kaplan and Saul Rosenberg during the Stanford studies on Hodgkin's disease and lymphoma.

The Stanford team of Drs. Henry S. Kaplan and Saul A. Rosenberg churned out an extensive amount of clinical research on the evaluation and treatment of Hodgkin's disease and other lymphomas throughout the 1960's, 70's and 80's. After Dr. Kaplan's death in 1983, Dr. Rosenberg continued clinical research in this area. A training experience under these physicians was both exhilarating and productive, as the discipline with which Drs. Kaplan and Rosenberg approached patients actually eclipsed the individual studies which were carried out. The overall product of their efforts, in conjunction with that of other investigators throughout the world, changed the mindset of physicians to approaching these patients with curative intent, rather than traditional palliation which had been the general policy up to the late 1950's. Today the vast majority of Hodgkin's patients who are treated get cured, although there is still some room for further improvement. The strong character traits of Drs. Kaplan and Rosenberg left...
Behavior and distribution of the two fall armyworm host strains in Florida

Fall armyworm is a significant agricultural pest in the United States, affecting most notably sweet corn and turf grass. While infesting much of North America, fall armyworms invading the eastern United States arise from annual migrations of populations wintering in southern Florida. It has long been noted that this seasonal geographical localization represents an opportunity for controlling this pest prior to its annual migration. However, such efforts have been hindered by the presence of two genetically distinct but morphologically identical strains that differ physiologically and behaviorally. The biology of the host strains is poorly understood and this lack of knowledge precludes accurate predictions of fall armyworm population behavior in the field. This paper reviews recent studies examining strain behavior and discusses the potential relevance of these results to the development of effective regional management strategies that can be used proactively to mitigate the economic impact of this pest.
Endoscopic therapies for Barrett's neoplasia.

The standard of care for treatment of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) with early esophageal neoplasia, including high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and intramucosal adenocarcinoma (IMC), has undergone a revolution over the past several years. With the introduction and popularization of endoscopic ablative technologies, along with the refinement of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) techniques, the majority of cases of early neoplasia in the setting of BE now are managed by endoscopic approaches. As a result, many patients who previously would have been referred for esophagectomy now may be spared from this major surgical procedure with its inherent morbidity, potential for mortality, and negative impact on long-term gastrointestinal function. The esophageal surgeon must be knowledgeable about the indications for such endoscopic therapies, as well as their limitations and potential pitfalls, so as to apply them in the appropriate clinical scenarios.
Connected the Laura and the World

This was Cheryl Hanna’s keynote address at the Second Annual Laura’s March, in remembrance of Laura Kate Winterbottom and a fundraiser for the Women’s Rape Crisis Center, on September 6 at Oakledge Park in Burlington. Seven Days is publishing her remarks to underscore the ongoing effort to eradicate violence toward women. Hanna is a professor at Vermont Law School and a constitutional scholar.
Nondegenerate Three-Photon Absorption in GaAs

We present theoretical calculations and experimental measurements of the nondegenerate three-photon absorption coefficient of GaAs, which is enhanced by >3 orders of magnitude over the degenerate case.
A molecular method to quantify sex-specific consumption of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) by Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) using scat

iv Acknowledgements vi List of Tables viii List of Figures ix Introduction 1 Material and Methods 7 Results 16 Discussion 19 Conclusions and Future Directions 28 Literature Cited 30 Tables 36 Figures 40
On the cleavage of C'2 by C'la: immunological and physical comparisons of C'2ad and C'2a-i.

SummaryEvidence is presented that treatment of C'2 with C'la yields fragments which are dissimilar with respect to size and/or shape, as well as antigenic determinants.
Progress in Deriving “Marketing Laws”:

A start is being made in applying principles of advanced mathematics to problems of business competition. The author describes what he calls “business theorems,” derived in the same manner as the l...
On HIV scanning and infectious condition of former blood donors in Fuyang city

Objective To provide scientific evidence for HIV/AIDS control and prevention by investigating the HIV/AIDS prevalence among the former commercial blood donors and their spouses and children in Fuyang by HIV antibody testing.Method The former commercial blood donors and their spouses and children had ELISA tests first and the western blot test was taken for confirmation.Result The HIV/AIDS prevalence in the commercial blood donors and their spouses and children under 15 years old are 10.54%,3.93%,and 1.61% respectively.The data showed the basic information of HIV diffusion in former commercial blood donors and their spouses and children.Conclusion It's really a challenge to control and prevent the HIV/AIDS in Fuyang.It is urgent to take comprehensive actions to prevent the HIV/AIDS transmission and control the epidemic.
Design and performance of the Nova frequency conversion system

The Nova laser is equipped with ten large-aperture (74-cm) potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal arrays capable of converting the fundamental wavelength (1.054 μm) to the visible (0.527-μm) or ultraviolet (0.351-μm) light. Each array assembly consists of a 3 × 3 deep-web aluminum eggcrate, which supports two crystal arrays configured in the quadrature 2ω/cascade 3ω architecture.1
Impacts of Crop Sequence and Tillage Management on Soil Carbon Stocks in South-Central North Dakota

Emphasis is placed on developing robust, productive, economically competitive, and environmentally benign agroecosystems. In 2012, after 18 yr of a study to evaluate the effects of crop sequence and tillage, we measured soil properties at various depths to 91.4 cm and estimated soil C. The experiment, near Mandan, ND, was a split-plot design, with crop sequence as whole plots and tillage (minimum tillage or no-till) as subplots. Crop sequences included continuous spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with crop residue retained or removed, spring wheat–millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.], spring wheat–safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)–fallow, spring wheat–safflower–rye (Secale cereale L.), and spring wheat–fallow. Soil organic C, calculated by the equivalent mass method (SOCem), was consistently higher (P < 0.001) than when calculated by the fixed-depth method. Disparities between the two methods, greatest near the soil surface, were attributable to tillage. Estimates of SOCem were not affected by cropping sequence at any depth, averaging about 26, 47, 73, 114, and 156 Mg ha-1 in the 0- to 7.6-, 0- to 15.2-, 0- to 30.5-, 0- to 61.0-, and 0- to 91.4-cm partitions. Tillage had no influence at depths <30.5 cm, but no-till plots contained more SOCem than minimum tillage plots in the 0- to 61-cm (115 vs. 112 Mg ha-1) and 0- to 91.4-cm (158 vs. 153 2.3 Mg ha-1) partitions (P < 0.05). Soil organic C in the 0- to 7.6-cm depth increased by an average of 3.2 Mg ha-1 or 16% since 2001. This study suggests that C sequestration in soil is less impacted by the choice of crop sequence than by tillage.
Asian Bodies, English Values

In The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa (1922/1965), Frederick Lugard, high commissioner of Northern Nigeria from 1809 to 1906, argued for a system in which the most important executive powers of a territory (military control, taxation, and certain executive powers of governance) would be controlled by the British, but all other less central aspects would be left to local precolonial aristocracies who would maintain the outward appearance of control.
Mechanical specialization of robotic limbs

In this paper we introduce a design framework that permits task-specific complex geometries in robotic limbs with the minimal power consumption. Additionally we present a optimal gear ratio selection algorithm with realistic constraints, which we use as a subroutine within the geometry optimization. As a case study we optimize the a spatial, hybrid parallel-serial robotic limb structure with a large set of geometric parameters. Optimal design with respect to this mechanism produces three locally optimal families of designs. These are analyzed rigorously and a best design was chosen. A prototype has been constructed from the chosen design family, proving that the approach is practical. This serves as evidence that the design optimization method is an effective tool to minimize the electrical cost of a given task, and thus specialize the design.
In Thy Father's House: Self-Report Findings of Sexually Abused Daughters from Conservative Christian Homes:

This study explores the childhood sexual abuses of 35 adult women who were raised in conservative Christian homes. These women, self-defined as victims of father-daughter incest, completed a struct...
Sola scriptura: Personal and Professional Reflections:

The 2017 SPCE Conference theme provided the occasion to reflect upon both my life and professional journeys in relation to God’s revelation and the essential role of Scripture honoring the 500th An...
Randomized Algorithms for Scheduling Multi-Resource Jobs in the Cloud

We consider the problem of scheduling jobs with multiple-resource requirements (CPU, memory, and disk) in a distributed server platform, motivated by data-parallel and cloud computing applications. Jobs arrive dynamically over time and require certain amount of multiple resources for the duration of their service. When a job arrives, it is queued and later served by one of the servers that has sufficient remaining resources to serve it. The scheduling of jobs is subject to two constraints: 1) packing constraints : multiple jobs can be served simultaneously by a single server if their cumulative resource requirement does not exceed the capacity of the server, and 2) non-preemption : to avoid costly preemptions, once a job is scheduled in a server, its service cannot be interrupted or migrated to another server. Prior scheduling algorithms rely on either bin packing heuristics which have low complexity but can have a poor throughput, or MaxWeight solutions that can achieve maximum throughput but repeatedly require to solve or approximate instances of a hard combinatorial problem (Knapsack) over time. In this paper, we propose a randomized scheduling algorithm for placing jobs in servers that can achieve maximum throughput with low complexity. The algorithm is naturally distributed and each queue and each server needs to perform only a constant number of operations per time unit. Extensive simulation results, using both synthetic and real traffic traces, are presented to evaluate the throughput and delay performance compared to prior algorithms.
Diagnosis and Management of Nursery Arrhythmia

Abnormal heart rhythms in healthy nursery newborns are rare and typically resolve spontaneously. Many but not all potentially symptomatic rhythm disturbances manifest prenatally with the opportunity to prearrange delivery at an NICU on-site facility. Every nursery must be equipped to provide initial intervention for unexpected symptomatic arrhythmias. The coexistence of structural heart disease may promote symptoms and should be determined clinically and with echocardiographic evaluation. Initial stabilizing management should be administered for sustained tachyarrhythmia.
Optimization Of Acquisition And Analysis Methods For Clinical Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Mri Using A Population-Based Digital Reference Object

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The accuracy of DSC-MR imaging CBV maps in glioblastoma depends on acquisition and analysis protocols. Multisite protocol heterogeneity has challenged standardization initiatives due to the difficulties of in vivo validation. This study sought to compare the accuracy of routinely used protocols using a digital reference object. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The digital reference object consisted of approximately 10,000 simulated voxels recapitulating typical signal heterogeneity encountered in vivo. The influence of acquisition and postprocessing methods on CBV reliability was evaluated across 6912 parameter combinations, including contrast agent dosing schemes, pulse sequence parameters, field strengths, and postprocessing methods. Accuracy and precision were assessed using the concordance correlation coefficient and coefficient of variation. RESULTS: Across all parameter space, the optimal protocol included full-dose contrast agent preload and bolus, intermediate (60°) flip angle, 30-ms TE, and postprocessing with a leakage-correction algorithm (concordance correlation coefficient = 0.97, coefficient of variation = 6.6%). Protocols with no preload or fractional dose preload and bolus using these acquisition parameters were generally less robust. However, a protocol with no preload, full-dose bolus, and low (30°) flip angle performed very well (concordance correlation coefficient = 0.93, coefficient of variation = 8.7% at 1.5T and concordance correlation coefficient = 0.92, coefficient of variation = 8.2% at 3T). CONCLUSIONS: Schemes with full-dose preload and bolus maximize CBV accuracy and reduce variability, which could enable smaller sample sizes and more reliable detection of CBV changes in clinical trials. When a lower total contrast agent dose is desired, use of a low flip angle, no preload, and full-dose bolus protocol may provide an attractive alternative.
Process Induced Deflection and Stress on Encapsulated Solar Cells

Cell cracking is one of the most common factors that limit the lifetime of PV modules. Until now electroluminescence (EL) has been the tool of choice to inspect cracks in finished modules. However, there are intrinsic limitations to the size of the cracks that this technique can resolve making it complicated to study the origins of crack formation. We also argue that the process of module assembly today is optimized from the point of view of the inactive materials (e.g. encapsulant cross-linking) offering no insights into the solar cell status. To this regard, even the correlation of module degradation to cell cracking in flat modules is only evident when cracks are of detectable size and detrimental to the electrical performance as measured by EL or PL. We have shown that in-house X-ray topography (XRT) is a unique technology that provides a nondestructive way of assessing the mechanical state of encapsulated solar cells, not only the evaluation of cracks and microdefects developed during handling and outdoor operation, but also the analysis of intrinsic deflection and stress induced by materials and processes (e.g. soldering, lamination). In this contribution, we present results on the deflection of the solar cells caused by different processing temperatures, various lamination materials, accelerated testing as well as metal ribbon.
Perturbation Analysis of Root-MUSIC-Type Methods for Blind Network-Assisted Diversity Multiple Access

We perform a first-order perturbation analysis of a root-MUSIC-type method for resolving collisions in the context of blind network-assisted diversity multiple access (BNDMA). Polynomial roots are computed as an intermediate step of the root-MUSIC algorithm for the purpose of blindly identifying the set of transmitters involved in a collision. We derive expressions for the individual and joint distributions of the noise-induced angular shifts of the computed roots. The expressions are analyzed in relation to the signal-to-noise ratio and the number of packet retransmissions made to resolve a collision. Results are verified numerically.
Formulating Key Psychosocial Mechanisms of Psychopathology and Change in Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy

Abstract In Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy (IRT) a case formulation is used to understand clinical symptoms in light of learning that has occurred in close attachment relationships. In IRT, personality pathology is understood to reflect attempts to adapt to present circumstances using maladaptive rules and values that were learned and internalized from key attachment figures. The road to personality reconstruction can be long and difficult due to ongoing, attachment-based wishes for love and acceptance from internalized figures that keep the old patterns in place despite change attempts. This chapter provides a brief overview of IRT theory, along with instruction on how to develop a case formulation that addresses the internalized relationships. Application of the method is illustrated with a clinically-complex case involving obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and recurrent suicidality. Empirical data regarding reliability and validity of the IRT case formulation method are also reviewed.
Magnetoelastics of High Field Phenomena in Antiferromagnets UO2 and CeRhIn5

We use a recently developed optical fiber Bragg grating technique, in continuous and pulsed magnetic fields in excess of 90T, to study magnetoelastic correlations in magnetic materials at cryogenic temperatures. Both insulating UO2 and metallic CeRhIn5 present antiferromagnetic ground states, at T_N = 30.3K and T_N = 3.85K respectively. A strong coupling of the magnetism to the crystal lattice degrees of freedom in UO2 is found, revealing piezomagnetism as well as the dynamics of antiferromagnetic domain switching between spin arrangements connected by time reversal. The AFM domains become harder to switch as the temperature is reduced, reaching a record value H_PZ(T = 4K) = 18T. The effect of strong magnetic fields is also studied in CeRhIn5, where an anomaly in the sample crystallographic c-axis of magnitude Delta_c/c = 2 ppm is found associated to a recently proposed electronic nematic state at H_en = 30T applied 11o off the c-axis. Here we show that while this anomaly is absent when the magnetic field is applied 18o off the a-axis, strong magnetoelastic quantum oscillations attest to the high quality of the single crystal samples.
Publisher Correction: Reply to 'A lack of evidence for six times more anxiety and depression in US graduate students than in the general population'.

In the version of this article initially published, the Editor’s Note indicating that the article has been peer-reviewed was missing. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.
Preregistration of Modeling Exercises May Not Be Useful

This is a commentary on Lee et al.’s (2019) article encouraging preregistration of model development, fitting, and evaluation. While we are in general agreement with Lee et al.’s characterization of the modeling process, we disagree on whether preregistration of this process will move the scientific enterprise forward. We emphasize the subjective and exploratory nature of model development, and point out that “under-modeling” of data (relying on black-box approaches applied to data without data exploration) is as big a problem as “over-modeling” (fitting noise, resulting in models that generalize poorly). We also note the potential long-run negative impact of preregistration on future generations of cognitive scientists. It is our opinion that preregistration of model development will lead to less, and to less creative, exploratory analysis (i.e., to more under-modeling), and that Lee at al.’s primary goals can be achieved by requiring publication of raw data and code. We conclude our commentary with suggestions on how to move forward.
Gait Parameters Across Parkinson’s Disease Patients Treated With Psychotropics (P6.003)

Objective: To compare GAITrite® parameters between Parkinson’s disease patients on psychotropics and those without psychotropics. Background: Parkinson’s disease patients have an increased risk of falls resulting in important consequences. We previously reported that antidepressants were the only class of psychotropics independently associated with falls. However, how these drugs affect gait parameters is still unknown. Design/Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed including 193 Parkinson’s disease patients who completed the GAITRite® analysis during the period of January to November 2013. The cohort was divided into four groups: not on psychotropics (n=54), on psychotropics other than antidepressants (n=67), on antidepressants only (n=20), and on antidepressants and other antipsychotics (n=52). GAITRite® parameters were compared and analyzed. Results: The cohort included 193 Parkinson’s disease patients, 68% male, mean age of 67.7 years (SD=10.2) and mean disease duration of 7.9 years (SD=4.8). Mean UPDRS part III “off” medication state was 26.4 (SD=11.8); 91% were on levodopa, 33% on dopamine agonists. The mean PDQ-39 score was 167.1 (SD=132.5). After controlling for age, disease duration and UPDRS III score, cadence was significantly lower on those only on antidepressants when compared to those on psychotropics other than antidepressants (103.92 c/m vs. 107.63 c/m, df(4), F=3.01, p=0.025); step time was significantly higher on those on antidepressants only compared to those on psychotropics other than antidepressants (0.59 sec vs. 0.56 sec, df(4), F=3.01, p=0.017); and stance time was also significantly higher on same groups (0.79 sec vs. 0.0.73 sec, df(4), F=4.1, p=0.008). No significant differences were observed when comparing groups with those not on psychotropics. Conclusions: Our results suggest that use of antidepressants seem to reduce cadence while increasing step time and stance time in our cohort. However, these gait parameters changes cannot be directly related to cause of falls. Other factors not studied need to be considered. Study Supported by: N/A Disclosure: Dr. Martinez-Ramirez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wolf has nothing to disclose. Dr. Almeida has nothing to disclose. Dr. Giugni has nothing to disclose. Dr. Okun has received personal compensation for activities with National Parkinson Foundation, Neuropace Devices, WebMD/Medscape, Medicus, Peerview, Vanderbilt University, MDS, and AAN. Dr. OKun has received royalties Demos, Humana, Amazon, Smashwords, Books4Patients, and Cambridge. Dr. Okun has received research support from the Michael J. Fox Foundation, the National Parkinson Foundation, the Parkinson Alliance, the Smallwood Foundation, the Tourette Syndrome Association, the Bachmann-Strauss Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Hass has nothing to disclose.
Swimming and Lifesaving Program for Summer Camps

(1937). Swimming and Lifesaving Program for Summer Camps. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 360-392.
Ultrasound-Targeted Microbubble Cavitation with Sodium Nitrite Synergistically Enhances Nitric Oxide Production and Microvascular Perfusion.

Abstract Microvascular obstruction is a common repercussion of percutaneous coronary intervention for distal microembolization, ischemia–reperfusion injury and inflammation, which increases post-myocardial infarction heart failure and mortality. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble cavitation (UTMC) may resolve microvascular obstruction while activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and increasing endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Nitrite, a cardioprotective agent, offers an additional source of NO and potential synergy with UTMC. UTMC and nitrite co-therapy increased microvascular perfusion and NO concentration in a rat hindlimb model. Using N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester for eNOS blockade, we found a three-way interaction effect between nitrite, UTMC and eNOS on microvascular perfusion and NO production. Modulating ultrasound peak negative acoustic pressure (0.33–1.5 MPa) significantly affected outcomes, while microbubble dosage (2 × 108 bubbles/mL, 1.5 mL/h to 1 × 109 bubbles/mL, 3 mL/h) did not. Nitrite co-therapy also protected against oxidative stress. Comparison of nitrite to sodium nitroprusside with UTMC revealed synergistic effects were specific to nitrite. Synergy between UTMC and nitrite holds therapeutic potential for cardiovascular disease.
Two-Year Patient-Reported Outcomes for Patients Undergoing Revision Hip Arthroscopy with Capsular Incompetency.

Purpose To determine clinical outcomes of patients undergoing revision hip arthroscopy for failure to improve with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intraoperative evidence of a capsular incompetency as compared with (1) patients undergoing revision hip arthroscopy without evidence of a capsular incompetency and (2) patients undergoing primary surgery for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) at a minimum follow up of 2 years. Methods Data from consecutive patients undergoing revision hip arthroscopy with MRI/arthrogram-confirmed capsular incompetency between January 2012 and June 2016 were analyzed. All revision patients with capsular incompetency was matched 1:1 by age and body mass index to FAIS revision patients without capsular incompetency and primary FAIS patients. Outcomes included the Hip Outcome Score (HOS)–Activities of Daily Living (ADL), HOS-Sports Subscale (SS), Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), pain, and satisfaction. The minimal clinically important difference was calculated for HOS-ADL, HOS-SS, and mHHS. Results In total, 49 patients (54.4%) of 90 undergoing revision hip arthroscopy had MRI evidence of a capsular incompetency. Most patients were female (79.6%), with a mean age of 30 ± 10.5 years and body mass index of 25.7 ± 5.5. The difference among pre- and postoperative HOS-ADL, HOS-SS, mHHS, and visual analog scale score for pain were all statistically significant (P Conclusions More than one half of patients undergoing revision hip arthroscopy had MRI and intraoperative evidence of capsular incompetency. Revision arthroscopy for capsular incompetency results in significantly improved 2-year outcomes. However, patients undergoing revision for capsular incompetency and intact capsule revision patients reported significantly lower outcomes compared with primary patients. Level of Evidence Level III, Retrospective Comparative Study.
Applying the Public Affairs Triumvirate Internationally: Transformation of Policing in Puerto Rico

This chapter presents the status of policing in Puerto Rico after an investigation by the United States Department of Justice, and articulates the seminal work of the Public Affairs Triumvirate strategy by offering a unique college and community policy connection to satisfy specific requirements in the Agreement for Sustainable Reform of the Puerto Rico Police Department between the Attorney General for the United States and the Puerto Rico Police Department. In a collegiate partnership between Valencia College and the Universidad Ana G. Mendez (UAGM) in Puerto Rico, a contemporary criminal justice program has been established to transform policing in Puerto Rico through education and training. Early results indicate the program is leading to a positive change in the culture of policing in Puerto Rico.
Impact of Membranes on In Vitro Release Assessment: a Case Study Using Dexamethasone.

In vitro release studies are commonly used to assess the product performance of topical dosage forms. In such studies, the mass transport of drugs through synthetic membranes into a receiving chamber filled with a release medium is measured. The release medium is also passed through filtration membranes prior to chromatographic analysis. There are no official guidelines directing membrane selection for in vitro release studies or for filtration. Considering the diversity in membrane materials and their physical properties, the aim of this study was to investigate membrane-drug binding and the effect of various membranes on the release performance of a model drug dexamethasone (DEX) using USP dissolution apparatus IV. Seven membranes of different pore sizes (0.45 and 1.2 μm) and materials (cellulose acetate, polyethersulfone, and nylon) were assessed. Two different methods, syringe filter and 24-h incubation, were used for the determination of membrane-drug binding effects at low drug concentrations and saturated concentration conditions. Cellulose acetate and nylon membranes showed significant drug binding after 24-h incubations at both drug concentrations. DEX diffusion through membranes was significantly slowed down in all the tested membranes when compared with DEX solution without membranes. The extent of the retardation varied due to the differences in membrane structures. In conclusion, materials and sources of membranes affected drug dissolution profiles and the results showed membrane-drug binding effects. Proper selection of membranes with low drug binding ability and low diffusion resistance is essential to ensure appropriate and reproducible in vitro release assessments and filtration studies.
Tools and Technologies for Quantifying Spread and Impacts of Invasive Species

The need for tools and technologies for understanding and quantifying invasive species has never been greater. Rates of infestation vary on the species or organism being examined across the United States, and notable examples can be found. For example, from 2001 to 2003 alone, ash (Fraxinus spp.) mortality progressed at a rate of 12.97 km year −1 (Siegert et al. 2014), and cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) is expected to increase dominance on 14% of Great Basin rangelands (Boyte et al. 2016). The magnitude and scope of problems that invasive species present suggest novel approaches for detection and management are needed, especially those that enable more cost-effective solutions. The advantages of using technologically advanced approaches and tools are numerous, and the quality and quantity of available information can be significantly enhanced by their use. They can also play a key role in development of decision-support systems; they are meant to be integrated with other systems, such as inventory and monitoring, because often the tools are applied after a species of interest has been detected and a threat has been identified. In addition, the inventory systems mentioned in Chap. 10 are regularly used in calibrating and validating models and decision-support systems. For forested areas, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data are most commonly used (e.g., Vaclavik et al. 2015) given the long history of the program. In non-forested systems, national inventory datasets have not been around as long (see Chap. 10), but use of these data to calibrate and validate spatial models is growing. These inventory datasets include the National Resources Inventory (NRI) (e.g., Duniway et al. 2012) and the Assessment Inventory and Monitoring program (AIM) (e.g., McCord et al. 2017). Similarly, use of the Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database is growing as well (e.g., Evangelista et al. 2017). The consistent protocols employed by these programs prove valuable for developing better tools, but the data they afford are generally limited for some tools because the sampling intensity is too low.
Psychotic-like Experiences and Polygenic Liability in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.

Abstract Background Childhood psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) often precede the development of later severe psychopathology. This study examined whether childhood PLEs are associated with several psychopathology-related polygenic scores (PGSs) and additionally examined possible neural and behavioral mechanisms. Methods Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study baseline data from children with European ancestry (n = 4650, ages 9–10 years, 46.8% female) were used to estimate associations between PLEs (i.e., both total and presence of significantly distressing) and PGSs for psychopathology (i.e., schizophrenia, psychiatric cross-disorder risk, PLEs) and related phenotypes (i.e., educational attainment [EDU], birth weight, inflammation). We also assessed whether variability in brain structure indices (i.e., volume, cortical thickness, surface area) and behaviors proximal to PGSs (e.g., cognition for EDU) indirectly linked PGSs to PLEs using mediational models. Results Total and significantly distressing PLEs were associated with EDU and cross-disorder PGSs (all %ΔR2s = 0.202%–0.660%; false discovery rate–corrected ps Conclusions Total and significantly distressing PLEs were associated with genomic risk indices of broad-spectrum psychopathology risk (i.e., EDU and cross-disorder PGSs). Significantly distressing PLEs were also associated with genomic risk for psychosis (i.e., schizophrenia, PLEs). Global brain volume metrics and PGS-proximal behaviors represent promising putative intermediary phenotypes that may indirectly link genomic risk to psychopathology. Broadly, polygenic scores derived from genome-wide association studies of adult samples generalize to indices of psychopathology risk among children.
Neuromorphic architectures for edge computing under extreme environments

Brain inspired computing is widely regarded as a promising approach to achieve low power smart processing at the edge. In this work, we explore its potential to enable non-trivial computing under extreme environments, such as high temperature and high radiation, studying neuromorphic architectures capable of computing at temperatures exceeding 300°C. Building on existing capabilities, including semiconductor devices based on wide bandgap semiconductor materials such as SiC and novel metal-metaloxide nanocomposites stable at high temperatures, we evaluate the architecture’s ability to carry out simple control and data processing tasks. In order to accelerate the exploration of the architecture’s capabilities, we have mapped the circuit model to primitives in a machine learning framework. This allows us to optimize the synaptic weights using directly stochastic gradient descent methods. Moreover, we have coupled this model to an optimization framework that allows us to efficiently search for combinations of physical components that maximize the system’s performance. We have explored its performance in the context of image and RF input processing tasks, as well as a model control task using the Cartpole problem. Finally, we have explored the impact of noise and fluctuation in task performance. Our methodology can lead to resilient designs that are robust against perturbations.
2014 Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure (Eighth Joint National Committee): Take-Home Messages

The JNC 8 guidelines focus on 3 highest-ranked clinical questions that include BP thresholds for starting therapy, specific BP goals, and risks and benefits of specific antihypertensive drugs. Only randomized controlled trial data were used and JNC 8 panel did not include observational studies, systematic reviews, or meta-analyses. The investigators also suggested that benefit of lowering BP to less than 140/90 is not clear. Lifestyle modifications were considered very important for all patients with hypertension. These recommendations are not alternatives for clinical judgment, and decisions about medical care must be individualized to each patient.
Clarifying Language by Contrast

There are two principal places in Sprachtheorie where Buhler undertook a comparison arison between language and other representational sign systems. The first is in §12, “Symbol Fields in Nonlinguistic Representational Instruments,” and the second in §26, “Anaphora.” Buhler’s goal was not a systematic phenomenology of sign artifacts and their comparative grammar but a clarification of the specificity of language. The various nonlinguistic representational systems are used as analyzers (Analysatoren) of language, are confronted with language with the intent of primarily clarifying language, even if the true analogies between language uage and the other systems are plain as pikestaff (ST 180). In spite of the very real analogies, however, Baler thought that there was something sui generis about language that would be revealed by such a comparative undertaking, whose primary goal was the construction of a model of language.
Restraint Use Among Children in Fatal Crashes

Using 1994 Fatal Accident Reporting System (FARS), restraint use of children (0-9 years) in fatal crashes was characterized and outcomes of children in vehicles with a fatality were examined. Restraint use declined with age and was lower in older vehicles, in pickups and large vans, and during non-daylight hours. Infants had the highest proportion of deaths, sole fatalities, child restraint system (CRS) use, and on-lap and CRS fatalities. Children in seat belts were killed in proportions similar to unrestrained children. These findings identify infant occupant safety issues that need to be examined related to fragility, adequacy of child restraints and on-lap travel. Improvements in occupant protection are also needed for older children. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 899572.
Integrated C-band (4–8 GHz) frequency-tunable & bandwidth-tunable active band-stop filter in 0.13-µm SiGe BiCMOS

An active notch filter for interference rejection at C band is presented. In the design, a sharp notch, typically −50 dB for the entire C-band, is synthesized by subtracting BPF output from all-pass output. Unlike prior works, notch attenuation does not depend on the Q of the BPF LC tank. The proposed filter has been fabricated in a 0.13 µm SiGe BiCMOS process. Measurement results show 0∼1 dB gain, 8∼10.8 dB NF, and −6∼-9 dBm IP −1dB in the pass band at 4–8 GHz. The filter draws 20–27.6 mA from a 3.3 V supply and the die area is 0.63×0.63 mm2.
Politics in China: Has the People’s Government Set Itself up for a People’s Revolt?

This paper identifies and analyzes the economic and social effects of China’s rapid modernization, accelerated thanks to reformist policies enacted by the “second generation” of the Chinese Communist Party (starting in the late 1970s), in order to speculate about the future of Chinese politics and society. The most notable and relevant economic and social effects of the demographic acceleration (modernization) are an increase in academic pressure on youth and young adults; the lack of public care for elderly or sick, causing increasing pressure on their families; the gap between China’s job market and its labor force; and economic inequality as the rich get richer in the booming economy. Political unrest in the People’s Republic of China would be possible in the near future if these social strains are left unattended. However, the Chinese government seems more than capable of incorporating reform into its governance, and unrest is unlikely to get out of control.
Simple Obligation and Right Model (SORM) – for the Runtime Management of Electronic Service Contracts

Online purchase and delivery of goods and services requires an electronic contracting process. Formalization of contractual content enables automatic delivery of services and monitoring of the terms and conditions of the contract at service runtime. The Simple Obligation and Right Model (SORM) provides an abstract, domain-independent model of contractual content. Model instances can be interpreted and managed by applications involved in checking contractual entitlements and delivering and supervising a service in compliance with contractual rights and obligations. It captures the main types of rights and obligations and deals with their dynamics during the life-time of a contract.