cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A near-optimal algorithm for network-constrained averaging with noisy links

The problem of network-constrained averaging is to compute the average of a collection of a set of values distributed throughout a network using an algorithm that can pass messages only along edges of the network. We study this problem in the noisy setting, in which the communication along each link is modeled by an additive white Gaussian noise channel. We propose a two-phase decentralized stochastic algorithm, and we use stochastic approximation methods to analyze how the number of iterations required to achieve mean-squared error d scales as the number of nodes n in the graph. Previous results provided guarantees with the number of iterations scaling inversely with the spectral gap of the graph (second smallest eigenvalue of the Laplacian). In this paper, we prove that our proposed algorithm reduces this graph dependence, up to logarithmic conditions, to the graph diameter, which cannot be improved upon by any algorithm.
Compositionality, MDL Priors, and Object Recognition

Images are ambiguous at each of many levels of a contextual hierarchy. Nevertheless, the high-level interpretation of most scenes is unambiguous, as evidenced by the superior performance of humans. This observation argues for global vision models, such as deformable templates. Unfortunately, such models are computationally intractable for unconstrained problems. We propose a compositional model in which primitives are recursively composed, subject to syntactic restrictions, to form tree-structured objects and object groupings. Ambiguity is propagated up the hierarchy in the form of multiple interpretations, which are later resolved by a Bayesian, equivalently minimum-description-Iength, cost functional.
Trichloroethylene Is Associated with Kidney Cancer Mortality: A Population-based Analysis

Aim To examine the association between the distribution of trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure and mortality from kidney cancer (Kca) across United States counties. Materials and methods Multiple linear regression was used to assess the association of TCE discharges from industrial sites and age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates for Kca during 2005 through 2010, controlling for confounders. A total of 163 counties were included in analysis. Results We observed an excess risk of Kca mortality associated with higher amounts of environmental TCE releases. A significant dose-response relationship was observed between TCE releases and Kca mortality in females. Smoking, education, income, hypertension, and obesity were significant predictors of incidence and mortality, consistent with previous research on the epidemiology of Kca. Conclusion TCE exposure may increase the risk of mortality from Kca, an association not highlighted before. There is a need for policy measures to limit TCE discharge to the environment if these results are validated.
All Roads Lead to Rome, Wisconsin: Judge Henry Bone, Douglas Wambaugh, and the Strange World of Picket Fences

This is a book chapter appearing in LAWYERS IN YOUR LIVING ROOM! LAW ON TELEVISION (Michael Asimov ed. 2009). The book is published by the ABA, which retains the copyright. This chapter analyzes the lawyers on the television drama Picket Fences, which won two Emmys for Best Drama in the early 1990s. The chapter compares and contrasts the approaches toward the law and lawyering of Judge Henry Bone and Douglas Wambaugh. Set in the small town of Rome, Wisconsin, Bone and Wambaugh face off on the great issues of the day: euthanasia, polygamy, transsexuality, gay adoption, separation of church and state, racial busing, animal abuse, the rights of dentists with the HIV virus, the presence of sex offenders in the community, temporary insanity by reason of menopause, and all manner of bizarre fetishes (to name one, sexual arousal through bath toys). Along the way, they confront colorful characters such as the Tin Man, the Frog Man, the Potato Man, an elephant-stealing circus dwarf, a transsexual set to play the Virgin Mary in the town's Christmas play, and many others. The success of Picket Fences can be attributed to its ability to show us the best and worst parts of ourselves. The portrayals of Bone and Wambaugh play prominent parts in revealing this glimpse of humanity.
Predictors of progression of osteoarthritis in femoroacetabular impingement: A RADIOLOGICAL STUDY WITH A MINIMUM OF TEN YEARS FOLLOW-UP

Although the association between femoroacetabular impingement and osteoarthritis is established, it is not yet clear which hips have the greatest likelihood to progress rapidly to end-stage disease. We investigated the effect of several radiological parameters, each indicative of a structural aspect of the hip joint, on the progression of osteoarthritis. Pairs of plain anteroposterior pelvic radiographs, taken at least ten years apart, of 43 patients (43 hips) with a pistol-grip deformity of the femur and mild (Tonnis grade 1) or moderate (Tonnis grade 2) osteoarthritis were reviewed. Of the 43 hips, 28 showed evidence of progression of osteoarthritis. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of progression between hips with initial Tonnis grade 1 or grade 2 osteoarthritis (p = 0.31). Comparison of the hips with and without progression of arthritis revealed a significant difference in the mean medial proximal femoral angle (81° vs 87°, p = 0.004) and the presence of the posterior wall sign (39% vs 7%, p = 0.02) only. A logistic regression model was constructed to predict the influence of these two variables in the development of osteoarthritis. Mild to moderate osteoarthritis in hips with a pistol-grip deformity will not progress rapidly in all patients. In one-third, progression will take more than ten years to manifest, if ever. The individual geometry of the proximal femur and acetabulum partly influences this phenomenon. A hip with cam impingement is not always destined for end-stage arthritic degeneration.
CHRONIC PRENATAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE DOES NOT AFFECT THE EXPRESSION OF SELECTED GENES IN RAT BRAIN DEVELOPMENT

To investigate possible mechanisms contributing to the teratogenic effects of ethanol on the nervous system, we examined the effects of in utero exposure to ethanol on gene expression in the postnatal brain. Pregnant rats were exposed to ethanol by constant inhalation of ethanol vapor during gestational days 8-21, generating a mean blood alcohol level of approximately 150 mg/100 ml during the last week of gestation. Particular care was given to ensure proper nutrition and weight gain in both control and EtOH-treated groups. At different times after birth, the brains of pups from ethanol-treated dams and from a parallel series of untreated dams were dissected into major regions. Cytoplasmic RNA was assayed for different mRNAs encoding proteins representative of both glial and neuronal cell types, by Northern blot and solution hybridization. In situ hybridization was performed with T alpha-1 tubulin and PLP. There were no significant differences between pups from ethanol-treated and control dams in the amount of mRNAs encoding the myelin protein proteolipid protein (PLP), the astrocyte glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), the neurally enriched T alpha-1 isotype of alpha-tubulin, the nerve terminal components synaptophysin p38 and SNAP 25. The mRNA encoding the alpha 1-subunit of the receptor for gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) was slightly decreased in expression in the hindbrain but not cortex of pups from EtOH-treated dams. These results suggest that, when weight gain is controlled, chronic exposure of rats to ethanol during the last 2 weeks of gestation has little influence on the postnatal expression of these cell type specific genes.
Vapor-Phase Cracking of Eugenol: Distribution of Tar Products as Functions of Temperature and Residence Time

Knowledge of the product distribution and kinetics of the secondary vapor-phase cracking of biomass tar is crucial for the design and optimization of biomass thermochemical conversion processes, such as fast pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion. In this study, we have examined the distribution of condensable tar products from the vapor-phase cracking of eugenol, a model-fuel compound representative of the lignin structural entities found in biomass. Pyrolysis experiments were investigated at different temperatures (300–900 °C) and residence times (τ = 1 and 3 s) in a non-isothermal laminar-flow reactor operated at atmospheric pressure. Tar products were analyzed using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Eugenol conversion commenced rapidly above 350 °C at τ = 3 s and above 400 °C at τ = 1 s. Complete conversion was attained at 550 and 600 °C at τ = 3 and 1 s, respectively. A numerical model incorporating laminar-flow, non-isothermal temperature profile and pseudo-unimolecular kinetics...
Entrapment of Metal Clusters in Metal–Organic Framework Channels by Extended Hooks Anchored at Open Metal Sites

Reported here are the new concept of utilizing open metal sites (OMSs) for architectural pore design and its practical implementation. Specifically, it is shown here that OMSs can be used to run extended hooks (isonicotinates in this work) from the framework walls to the channel centers to effect the capture of single metal ions or clusters, with the concurrent partitioning of the large channel spaces into multiple domains, alteration of the host–guest charge relationship and associated guest-exchange properties, and transfer of OMSs from the walls to the channel centers. The concept of the extended hook, demonstrated here in the multicomponent dual-metal and dual-ligand system, should be generally applicable to a range of framework types.
CLINICAL UTILITY OF HEART SCORE IN PATIENTS ADMITTED WITH CHEST PAIN TO AN INNER CITY HOSPITAL

Appropriate triage of patients with chest pain can be challenging. HEART score was proposed by Six et al in Netherlands to facilitate quick triage in emergency room. It is not validated in US. This pilot study was initiated to determine utility of HEART score in patients presenting with chest pain
A method for detection of leukocyte injury based on release of a lysozyme-like enzyme.

SummaryA method is described for the detection of cell injury by the measurement of intracellular substances released upon injury. The cells studied have been human leukocytes, and the intracellular substance selected for measurement has been an enzyme with the properties of lysozyme. Application of the method is illustrated by data concerning the adverse effect of hypotonicity and of an antiserum to human leukocytes on the cells. In further studies beyond the scope of the present report, the method has been found to be useful in screening a variety of physical, chemical and biologic agents for adverse effect on the metabolism of human leukocytes, as well as for detecting reversal of such injurious effects by protective agents.
Transfer of the orbital angular momentum of light to its polarization via classical nonseparability

We demonstrate a protocol that utilizes nonseparability between different degrees of freedom of a beam of light to transfer an arbitrary, and a priori unknown, state of two different OAM modes onto the polarization, in a fashion that is analogous to teleportation using quantum entanglement.
VOR Gain Is Related to Compensatory Saccades in Healthy Older Adults

Objective: Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain is well-suited for identifying rotational vestibular dysfunction, but may miss partial progressive decline in age-related vestibular function. Since compensatory saccades might provide an alternative method for identifying subtle vestibular decline, we describe the relationship between VOR gain and compensatory saccades in healthy older adults. Methods: Horizontal VOR gain was measured in 243 subjects age 60 and older from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging using video head impulse testing (HIT). Saccades in each HIT were identified as either “compensatory” or “compensatory back-up,” i.e. same or opposite direction as the VOR response respectively. Saccades were also classified as “covert” (occurring during head movement) and “overt” (occurring after head movement). The relationship between VOR gain and percentage of HITs with saccades, as well as the relationship between VOR gain and saccade latency and amplitude, were evaluated using regression analyses adjusting for age, gender, and race. Results: In adjusted analyses, the percentage of HITs with compensatory saccades increased 4.5% for every 0.1 decrease in VOR gain (p<0.0001). Overt compensatory saccade amplitude decreased 0.6 degrees (p<0.005) and latency increased 90ms (p<0.001) for every 0.1 increase in VOR gain. Covert back-up compensatory saccade amplitude increased 0.4 degrees for every 0.1 increase in VOR gain. Conclusions: We observed significant relationships between VOR gain and compensatory saccades in healthy older adults. Lower VOR gain was associated with larger amplitude, shorter latency compensatory saccades. Compensatory saccades reflect underlying rotational vestibular hypofunction, and may be particularly useful at identifying partial vestibular deficits as occur in aging adults.
The Role of Defects and Metal States at the Metal-Semiconductor Interface

Previously proposed Schottky barrier models that attempt a microscopic description of the observed behavior fall basically into the categories of metal induced gap states (MIGS) models 1-5 and defect models.6-9 These two types of models are mutually exclusive, as the MIGS models generally ignore the influence of defects and the defect models, for their part, ignore the importance of screening by the metal. Historically the MIGS models preceded the others and were an outgrowth of Bardeen’s10 suggestion that a large density of interface states was responsible for the generally weak dependence of Schottky barrier heights on the metal (workfunction). Bardeen’s notion that these states derive from the semiconductor surface states (dangling bonds) was incorporated into the MIGS picture by Mele, et al. 3 and recently by Lefebvre, et al. 11, who considered the interaction of metallic states with the empty, cation-derived dangling bond states. The consequence of this interaction is the formation of broadened resonances which tail into the semiconductor bandgap. The rehybridization of the dangling bonds with the metallic states at the interface was not considered. In general the MIGS models encounter difficulties in the alignment of the metal-semiconductor bandstructures, a task which is model dependent.1,4 This problem was circumvented by aligning the MIGS with the charge neutrality level (CNL) of the semiconductor.5’12 The MIGS models are often more successful at estimating the index of interface behavior S\(\left( {S \equiv d\Phi _b^n/d{x_m}} \right)\) where \(\Phi _b^n\) represents the Schottky barrier height for an n-type semiconductor and Xm the Pauling electronegativity of the metal13) since this quantity is insensitive to the magnitude of \(\Phi {}_b^n\), and strongly dependent only on the inverse of the interface density of states Ds.14 Various approaches to calculate Ds have been reported, ranging from self-consistent pseudopotential methods,2 which gave the best agreement with experiment, scaling approaches based on the mean optical gap,3 which give poorer agreement, to one-dimensional model calculations,4 which agree even less with experimental results.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytology

Imaging studies are very critical and often are initially performed in evaluating patients presenting with signs and symptoms suggestive of central nervous system pathology. Tissue for diagnosis is not always practical to acquire except via surgery. Cytology, however, can offer the least invasive methods to establish cellular diagnosis by examining cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The latter may be obtained via lumbar puncture or directly aspirated from the cisterna magna at the base of the brain. Alternatively, CSF may be obtained from the lateral ventricles during surgical intervention. One of the main indications for requesting cytological evaluation of CSF is suspicion for malignancy, primary or metastatic. Neurologic symptoms, in the setting of a history of malignancy, leptomeningeal metastasis is highly suspected. The challenge for the cytopathologist is that numerous inflammatory, infectious, traumatic or iatrogenic conditions can lead to worrisome cells in the CSF that can be erroneously interpreted as tumor cells. In this chapter, these conditions are discussed.
Future directions for soundscape ecology: The importance of ornithological contributions

ABSTRACT Building upon the rich legacies of bioacoustics and animal communication, soundscape ecology represents a new perspective through which ecologists can use the acoustic properties of ecosystems to understand the complex interactions of organisms, geophysical dynamics, and human activities. In this paper, we focus on the potential benefits of a soundscape approach for enhancing ornithological research and of ornithological perspectives for advancing the nascent field of soundscape ecology. We first summarize 4 major grounding principles of soundscape ecology in relation to avian ecology, evolution, and behavior. We then propose 3 research objectives that we envision as future directions for soundscape ecology: development of (1) soundscape metrics and interpretation, (2) understanding of soundscape drivers, and (3) soundscape-based disturbance indicators. Ornithological contributions can help advance the field of soundscape ecology to obtain these research objectives across various spatial, tempora...
Shoulder activity level in patients with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis.

Background Idiopathic adhesive capsulitis is a common condition resulting in painful multidirectional restriction of motion. Adhesive capsulitis may inhibit shoulder activity level, but this relationship has not been previously studied. This study tested the hypothesis that patients with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis have lower shoulder activity than sex- and age-matched controls. Methods Seventy-two eligible patients (37 men and 35 women) with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis completed a validated shoulder activity scale that was compared with sex- and age-matched norms from a healthy population with no history of shoulder disorders. The association of shoulder activity level with patient age, sex, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons and Simple Shoulder Test (SST) scores was evaluated. Results Overall, 58% of patients actually had higher shoulder activity scores than sex- and age-matched controls. Among patients aged 51 to 70 years, 68% of patients (73% of men and 63% of women) demonstrated higher Shoulder Activity Scale scores compared with controls. The activity level was higher among all patients aged 51 to 70 years compared with controls (10.3 ± 1.48 vs. 8 ± 0.52, P = .0067). The difference was significant for men in this age group (12.2 ± 1.7 vs. 9 ± 0.75, P = .0042). There was a statistically significant positive correlation of the Shoulder Activity Scale score with the SST score ( r = 0.31, P = .009). Conclusion Patients with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis do not have a lower shoulder activity level than sex- and age-matched controls, and older men may actually have a higher level of shoulder activity than controls. Shoulder activity level is correlated with the SST score in patients with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis.
Surgical Treatment of Nasal Polyposis

Nasal polyposis represents the end point of multiple inflammatory pathways. Radiological findings for polyposis demonstrate benign-appearing expansile lesions with soft tissue attenuation, occasional evidence of bony rarefaction, and rare evidence of bony erosion. When appropriately directed medical management, including topical and oral corticosteroids, culture-directed antibiotics, and specific treatments (e.g., immunotherapy), either fails or is contraindicated, surgery is warranted in the symptomatic patient with nasal polyps. Meticulous dissection with mucosa-sparing techniques during functional endoscopic sinus surgery can successfully eliminate polypoid disease; however, in the absence of postoperative care and medical management, recurrence is highly likely within a variable period of time. Further investigation into the optimal perioperative medical management is needed in order to ensure optimal surgical results.
Use of the Accelerate Pheno System for Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Pathogens in Positive Blood Cultures and Impact on Time to Results and Workflow

The Accelerate Pheno system uses automated fluorescence in situ hybridization technology with morphokinetic cellular analysis to provide rapid species identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results for the most commonly identified organisms in bloodstream infections. The objective was to evaluate the accuracy and workflow of bacterial and yeast ID and bacterial AST using the Accelerate Pheno system in the clinical microbiology laboratory. The consecutive fresh blood cultures received in the laboratory were analyzed by the Accelerate Pheno system within 0 to 8 h of growth detection. ID/AST performance, the average times to results, and workflow were compared to those of the routine standard of care. Of the 232 blood cultures evaluated (223 monomicrobial and 9 polymicrobial) comprising 241 organisms, the overall sensitivity and specificity for the identification of organisms were 95.6% and 99.5%, respectively. For antimicrobial susceptibility, the overall essential agreement was 95.1% and categorical agreement was 95.5% compared to routine methods. There was one very major error and 3 major errors. The time to identification and the time to susceptibility using the Accelerate Pheno system were decreased by 23.47 and 41.86 h, respectively, compared to those for the standard of care. The reduction in hands on time was 25.5 min per culture. The Accelerate Pheno system provides rapid and accurate ID/AST results for most of the organisms found routinely in blood cultures. It is easy to use, reduces hands on time for ID/AST of common blood pathogens, and enables clinically actionable results to be released much earlier than with the current standard of care.
An Interconnected Observer for Concurrent Estimation of Bulk and Surface Concentration in the Cathode and Anode of a Lithium-ion Battery

Electrochemical state estimation of a lithium-ion battery provides crucial information to the battery management system about its state of charge and state of health. Insight into nonmeasurable electrochemical states, such as bulk and surface concentration, holds the key to improving safety, predicting degradation, and facilitating a wider range of battery operation. Although strategies to estimate concentration in a single electrode are well-researched, the topic of simultaneous concentration estimation in both electrodes is not fully investigated. Real-time knowledge of lithium concentration in both electrodes will be essential in setting operational limits specific to the electrode chemistry, enabling estimation of available power in each electrode, and developing algorithms to monitor or minimize degradation mechanisms occurring at either electrode. To that end, an interconnected sliding mode observer is proposed for the concurrent estimation of bulk and surface concentration in the cathode and anode. An experimentally validated enhanced single particle model forms the basis for the electrochemical-model-based observer design. The novel bidirectional structure of the interconnected observer circumvents the issue associated with the combined concentration estimation in both electrodes. The convergence of the interconnected observer's error dynamics is proved using Lyapunov's stability theory and its performance is verified under measurement noise and parametric uncertainties.
Metaheuristic Applications in Bridge Infrastructure Maintenance Scheduling Considering Stochastic Aspects of Deterioration

There are two underlying aspects of developing computational models for transportation infrastructure maintenance scheduling: (1) development of a maintenance scheduling optimization model that uses a deterioration prediction model and (2) a deterioration model that accounts for the stochastic aspects of deterioration. We develop an optimization model for bridge infrastructure maintenance scheduling, present a deterioration model that considers stochasticity, and develop an experimental procedure for examining the deterioration of bridges. We further discuss the importance of accounting for structural deterioration, particularly due to corrosion and aging, for metaheuristic applications in bridge infrastructure maintenance scheduling consideration. The implications of bridge infrastructure maintenance scheduling can lead to more environmentally sustainable structures. Specifically, applications for using composite materials to replace steel rebars within bridge decks are presented as an alternative, sustainable approach to help minimize and to obviate the need for bridge deck repair and maintenance scheduling due to corrosion of steel rebars. The paper concludes with a numerical example.
Mellin Transforms with a Complex Parameter

When one analyzes beam-wave propagation through turbulence, the propagation parameter γ is complex. This causes complications when one evaluates the steepest-descent contribution to an asymptotic solution. In some problems, the spatial filter functions contain a decaying exponential times a function that grows exponentially when γ is complex. Consequently, the Mellin convolution relation must be generalized to allow for convergent integrals that contain integrands that are the product of functions that exhibit exponential growth and exponential decay. In addition, methods developed in Chap. 5 must be extended to include asymptotic results for a non-positive parameter. This requires an extension of saddle-point results to complex-parameter cases. These extensions are discussed in this chapter.
Cardiotoxicity of Doxorubicin: A Histochemical and Morphometric Approach

Cardiotoxicity is often a limiting factor in doxorubicin (D) treatment (Herman 1981). D causes damage in several cellular components such as mitochondria, cell membranes, lysosomes, and myofibrils (Buja et al. 1973). In order to diminish the cardiotoxicity of D, several compounds have been coadministered. However, results have been inconsistent (Rabkin et al. 1983; Wikman-Coffelt et al. 1983), partly because the extent of cardiac damage is not quantified in detail. As part of a more systematic approach, the quantification of cardiac damage induced by D was attempted using histochemistry and morphometry.
Long-term nitrogen addition shifts the soil nematode community to bacterivore-dominated and reduces its ecological maturity in a subalpine forest

Abstract Nitrogen deposition from anthropogenic sources is a global problem that reaches even the most remote ecosystems. Responses belowground vary by ecosystem, and have feedbacks to geochemical processes, including carbon storage. A long-term nitrogen addition study in a subalpine forest has shown carbon loss over time, atypical for a forest ecosystem. Loss of microbial biomass is likely linked to lower soil carbon, but the mechanism behind this is still unknown. One possible explanation is through increased turnover due to grazing by soil fauna. Because nematodes occupy many trophic levels and are sensitive to trophic and environmental changes, assessing their communities helps reveal belowground responses. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that long-term nitrogen fertilization affects nematode community structure and maturity beneath coniferous forests in the Rocky Mountains, indicating a faster cycling, bacterial-driven system. We identified and enumerated nematodes by trophic group and family from experimental plots. Total nematode abundance was 40–96% greater in fertilized plots compared to the control, but richness, diversity, and ecological maturity were lower. The differences in abundance were driven by opportunistic bacterivores (e.g., Rhabditidae) and plant parasites (e.g., Tylenchidae), which made up 23 and 13% of the community in fertilized compared to 7 and 5% in control plots, respectively. Nematode maturity indices showed that the nematode food web was enriched (indicating high nutrient/resource status) and structured (all trophic levels present, including long-lived predators) in both treatments, but significantly more enriched in the fertilized treatment. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling of the relative abundance of nematode families demonstrated that nematode community composition differed between treatments, driven largely by opportunistic bacterivores (e.g., Rhabditidae) in the fertilized plots. The mechanism of the aboveground–belowground link between nitrogen deposition and nematode community composition is likely through increased microbial turnover, and sustained high-quality food for microbial grazing nematodes.
Does bedtime matter among patients with chronic pain? A longitudinal comparison study.

Introduction Chronic pain patients frequently report having sleep disturbances and many tend to stay up during the night and then sleep into the day. Objectives This study was designed to compare a heterogeneous group of persons with chronic pain who reported typically going to bed between the hours of 9 pm and midnight with those who go to bed at other hours of the day and night. Methods Two hundred seventy-nine participants were divided between those who reported going to bed between the hours of 9 pm and midnight (N = 205) and those who reported having atypical bedtimes (N = 74) based on pre-post questionnaire data and average pain assessments from a smartphone pain application (app). Results Those individuals in the atypical bedtime group reported waking up more frequently and getting fewer hours sleep (P < 0.05). These individuals also reported significantly higher pain scores, activity interference, and taking more prescription opioid medication compared with those who had typical bedtimes (P < 0.05). Based on average 3-month daily assessments, those subjects with an atypical bedtime consistently reported more sleep disturbances, pain, activity interference, negative mood, and general worsening conditions over time, and elevated pain catastrophizing, pain-related disability, emotional distress scores, and more prescription medication for pain at 3-month follow-up (P < 0.01). Conclusion These results support the importance of providers asking patients with pain about what time they typically go to bed at night to gain a greater understanding of their lifestyle habits. Future studies are needed to further determine the importance of maintaining a typical bedtime among patients with chronic pain.
Integrating Relational-Cultural Theory Concepts and Mask-Making in Group Supervision

ABSTRACTSupervisees in the clinical phase of their counselor training may experience anxiety related to evaluation and competence. Recent literature has suggested that the integration of relational...
Predictors of new persistent opioid use after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Abstract Objective Deaths from prescription opioid overdose have quadrupled in the past 15 years, and no studies have evaluated appropriate opioid prescribing after cardiac surgery. The aim of this study is to quantify the amount of outpatient opioids prescribed to patients after coronary artery bypass grafting and determine the incidence and risk factors for new persistent opioid use after coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods Insurance claim data from privately insured opioid-naive patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting from 2014 to 2016 were evaluated. New persistent opioid use was defined as patients who filled an opioid prescription in the perioperative period and filled opioid prescriptions between 90 and 180 days after surgery. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the preoperative and operative factors associated with new persistent opioid use. Results Among 7292 opioid-naive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, 5628 (77.2%) filled opioid prescriptions in the perioperative period, and 590 (8.1%) had new persistent opioid use. Female gender (odds ratio [OR], 1.30; confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.61; P = .018), anxiety (OR, 1.40; CI, 1.09-1.81; P = .009), tobacco use (OR, 1.34; CI, 1.08-1.65; P = .007), prior substance abuse (OR, 1.99; CI, 1.16-3.41; P = .013), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR, 1.29; CI, 1.02-1.63; P = .037), living in the Southern United States (OR, 1.46; CI, 1.21-1.77; P Conclusions New persistent opioid use after coronary artery bypass grafting is surprisingly common. Prospective studies are needed to determine the opioid requirements of patients after coronary artery bypass grafting to prevent opioid dependence.
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and sepsis manifesting in a patient with chronic rheumatoid arthritis

Streptococcal-toxic-shock syndrome is caused by virulent strains of exotoxin-producing streptococcus, almost always group-A organisms such as Streptococcus pyogenes. It has often been described in the setting of surgical wounds, burns, childbirth, diabetics, elderly, neonates, and immunocompromised hosts, where the portal of entry is the skin. Our patient was on steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for chronic rheumatoid arthritis and developed this deadly infection after a fall.
Abstract P3-06-16: Synergistic effect of biguanides and fatty acid β-oxidation inhibitor in triple-negative breast cancers

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of non-targetable cancers which are still poorly understood for the driver pathways and therapeutic targets. Over the past decade, cancer metabolism researches have a huge advance. Thus, it has enhanced our understanding on metabolic reprogramming in cancer therapy. We have previously shown that metabolic reprogramming to fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) is a key energy metabolic pathway in TNBC. Moreover, we reported that FAO regulates c-Src, one of the frequently upregulated oncopathways in TNBC via autophosphorylation of Src at Y419. However, single treatment by FAO inhibitor alone cannot effectively control the tumor progression in TNBC because of metabolic reprogramming and flexibility of tumors. Therefore, proper combination therapies with other metabolic targets are necessary. Recently increasing studies demonstrate that anti-diabetic biguanides have attractive anti-cancer effect in various cancer types including breast cancer (BC). However, its significance as an anti-cancer drug is not well established due to parallel metabolic pathways that support tumor growth. Biguanide like metformin is the most widely administered anti-diabetic agent worldwide. Phenformin, a biguanide derivative similar to metformin, has a greater potency than metformin. Like metformin, phenformin also inhibits mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) through complex I inhibition. In addition, biguanides lead to the activation of AMPK, which plays a important role in insulin signaling and energy sensing. Importantly, AMPK is an upstream regulator of FAO pathway because it can phosphorylate ACC to activate FAO. Considering the dependency of TNBC to FAO, we evaluated the therapeutic significance of the combination of biguanides (ETC inhibitors) and FAO inhibitors in TNBC progression and metastasis. And we investigated that targeting both ‘arms’ of the pathway can provide more effective and durable responses in TNBC treatments. Our various in vitro and in vivo studies using TNBC cell lines and PDX models suggest that the combination of both inhibitors can provide better therapeutic benefits in TNBCs. This is a rationale and cost-effective metabolic approach to overcome the currently non-targetable TNBCs. Further study toward the clinical effectiveness of this combination may offer better treatment opportunities for TNBC patients. Citation Format: Jun Hyoung Park, Kwang Hwa Jung, Dongya Jia, Benny A Kaipparettu. Synergistic effect of biguanides and fatty acid β-oxidation inhibitor in triple-negative breast cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-06-16.
Intracranial self-stimulation and concomitant behaviors following systemic methamphetamine administration in Hnrnph1 mutant mice

Rationale: Addiction to methamphetamine (MA) is a public health issue in the United States. While psychostimulant use disorders are heritable, their genetic basis remains poorly understood. We previously identified heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (Hnrnph1; H1) as a quantitative trait gene underlying sensitivity to MA-induced locomotor activity. Mice heterozygous for a frameshift deletion in the first coding exon of H1 (H1+/-) showed reduced MA-induced locomotor activity, dopamine release, and dose-dependent differences in MA conditioned place preference. However, the effects of H1+/- on innate and MA-modulated reward sensitivity are not known. Objectives: We examined innate reward sensitivity and modulation by MA in H1+/- mice via intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS). Methods: We used intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) of the medial forebrain bundle to assess shifts in reward sensitivity following acute, ascending doses of MA (0.5-4.0 mg/kg, i.p.) at 10 min or 2 h post-MA. We also assessed video-recorded behaviors during ICSS testing sessions. Results: Ten min post-MA, H1+/- mice displayed reduced maximum response rates, H1+/- females had lower M50 values than wild-type females, and H1+/- influenced ICSS responding relative to maximum control rates (MCR). Two h post-MA, higher response rates were observed in females, irrespective of genotype. There was a dose-dependent reduction in distance to the response wheel 10 min post-MA and reduced immobility time in the perimeter corners both 10 min and 2 h post-MA. Conclusions: H1+/- mice displayed altered MA-induced reward modulation in a time-, sex-, and dose-dependent manner. This expands the set of MA-induced phenotypes observed in H1+/- mice. Keywords: Intracranial Self-Stimulation (ICSS), methamphetamine, genetics, addiction, behavioral genetics, psychostimulants, mouse, forward genetics, QTL, sensitization
Machine-learning algorithms for predicting hospital re-admissions in sickle cell disease.

Reducing preventable hospital re-admissions in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) could potentially improve outcomes and decrease healthcare costs. In a retrospective study of electronic health records, we hypothesized Machine-Learning (ML) algorithms may outperform standard re-admission scoring systems (LACE and HOSPITAL indices). Participants (n = 446) included patients with SCD with at least one unplanned inpatient encounter between January 1, 2013, and November 1, 2018. Patients were randomly partitioned into training and testing groups. Unplanned hospital admissions (n = 3299) were stratified to training and testing samples. Potential predictors (n = 486), measured from the last unplanned inpatient discharge to the current unplanned inpatient visit, were obtained via both data-driven methods and clinical knowledge. Three standard ML algorithms, Logistic Regression (LR), Support-Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) were applied. Prediction performance was assessed using the C-statistic, sensitivity, and specificity. In addition, we reported the most important predictors in our best models. In this dataset, ML algorithms outperformed LACE [C-statistic 0·6, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0·57-0·64] and HOSPITAL (C-statistic 0·69, 95% CI 0·66-0·72), with the RF (C-statistic 0·77, 95% CI 0·73-0·79) and LR (C-statistic 0·77, 95% CI 0·73-0·8) performing the best. ML algorithms can be powerful tools in predicting re-admission in high-risk patient groups.
Dietary and plasma carotenoids are positively associated with alpha diversity in the fecal microbiota of pregnant women.

Because microbes use carotenoids as an antioxidant for protection, dietary carotenoids could be associated with gut microbiota composition. We aimed to determine associations among reported carotenoid intake, plasma carotenoid concentrations, and fecal bacterial communities in pregnant women. Pregnant women (n = 27) were enrolled in a two-arm study designed to assess feasibility of biospecimen collection and delivery of a practical nutrition intervention. Plasma and fecal samples were collected and women were surveyed with a 24-hr dietary checklist and recalls. Plasma carotenoids were analyzed by HPLC using photodiode array detection. Fecal bacteria were analyzed by 16S rRNA DNA sequencing. Results presented are cross-sectional from the 36-week gestational study visit combined across both study arms due to lack of significant differences between intervention and usual care groups (n = 23 women with complete data). Recent intake of carotenoid-containing foods included carrots, sweet potatoes, mangos, apricots, and/or bell peppers for 48% of women; oranges/orange juice (17%); egg (39%); tomato/tomato-based sauces (52%); fruits (83%); and vegetables (65%). Average plasma carotenoid concentrations were 6.4 µg/dL α-carotene (AC), 17.7 µg/dL β-carotene (BC), 11.4 µg/dL cryptoxanthin, 39.0 µg/dL trans-lycopene, and 29.8 µg/dL zeaxanthin and lutein. AC and BC concentrations were higher in women who recently consumed foods high in carotenoids. CR concentrations were higher in women who consumed oranges/orange juice. Microbiota α-diversity positively correlated with AC and BC. Microbiota β-diversity differed significantly across reported intake of carotenoid containing foods and plasma concentrations of AC. This may reflect an effect of high fiber or improved overall dietary quality, rather than a specific effect of carotenoids. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Little is known about the association between the gut microbiome and specific dietary microconstituents, such as carotenoids, especially during pregnancy. This research demonstrates that a carotenoid-rich diet during pregnancy supports a diverse microbiota, which could be one mechanism by which carotenoids promote health.
Association of Oophorectomy and Fat and Lean Body Mass: Evidence from a Population-Based Sample of U.S. Women.

Background: Bilateral oophorectomy during a nonmalignant hysterectomy is frequently performed for ovarian cancer prevention in premenopausal women. Oophorectomy before menopause leads to an abrupt decline in ovarian hormones that could adversely affect body composition. We examined the relationship between oophorectomy and whole-body composition. Methods: Our study population included cancer-free women 35 to 70 years old from the 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a representative sample of the U.S. population. A total of 4,209 women with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans were identified, including 445 with hysterectomy, 552 with hysterectomy and oophorectomy, and 3,212 with no surgery. Linear regression was used to estimate the difference in total and regional (trunk, arms, and legs) fat and lean body mass by surgery status. Results: In multivariable models, hysterectomy with and without oophorectomy was associated with higher total fat mass [mean percent difference (β); βoophorectomy: 1.61%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00–2.28; βhysterectomy: 0.88%; 95% CI, 0.12–1.58] and lower total lean mass [βoophorectomy: −1.48%; 95% CI, −2.67, −1.15; βhysterectomy: −0.87%; 95% CI, −1.50, −0.24) compared with no surgery. Results were stronger in women with a normal body mass index (BMI) and those Conclusions: Hysterectomy with oophorectomy, particularly in young women, may be associated with systemic changes in fat and lean body mass irrespective of BMI. Impact: Our results support prospective evaluation of body composition in women undergoing hysterectomy with oophorectomy at a young age.
Deaf and hard-of-hearing users' preferences for hearing speakers' behavior during technology-mediated in-person and remote conversations

Various technologies mediate synchronous audio-visual one-on-one communication (SAVOC) between Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) and hearing colleagues, including automatic-captioning smartphone apps for in-person settings, or text-chat features of videoconferencing software in remote settings. Speech and non-verbal behaviors of hearing speakers, e.g. speaking too quietly, can make SAVOC difficult for DHH users, but prior work had not examined technology-mediated contexts. In an in-person study (N=20) with an automatic captioning smartphone app, variations in a hearing actor's enunciation and intonation dynamics affected DHH users' satisfaction. In a remote study (N=23) using a videoconferencing platform with text chat, variations in speech rate, voice intensity, enunciation, intonation dynamics, and eye contact led to such differences. This work contributes empirical evidence that specific behaviors of hearing speakers affect the accessibility of technology-mediated SAVOC for DHH users, providing motivation for future work on detecting or encouraging useful communication behaviors among hearing individuals.
Hot-electron plasmonics: Quantum transport limitations

Hot-electron plasmonics has created much excitement for solar-energy harvesting. However, experimental quantum efficiencies are too low for practical applications. Here, we develop a bottom-up quantum-transport model and introduce design parameters to achieve high efficiency solar-cells.
Abstract 59: A Protective Role Of Adenine Nucleotide Translocator 1 In The Inflammatory Response Following Myocardial Infarction

Background: Inflammation following myocardial infarction (MI) contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of heart failure. Although the initial stage of inflammatory response is necessary for the repair and healing of myocardium, excessive inflammation post MI causes adverse remodeling leading to heart failure. Recent studies suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in inflammation. However, the molecular target in cardiac mitochondria and the mechanisms of action remain unclear. We hypothesized that mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier adenine nucleotide translocator isoform 1 (ANT1) is protective in post MI inflammation. Methods and Results: MI was induced by permanent occlusion of left anterior descending artery in C57BL/6 mice. In the inflamed heart following MI, ANT1 protein levels were significantly decreased in the left ventricle (0.48±8.94%), indicating ANT1 down-regulation occurs in myocardial inflammation following MI. To delineate the mechanisms involved, we performed siRNA knockdown of ANT1 in myocardium-derived H9c2 cells and cardiomyocytes, and examined tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-induced pro-inflammatory response. Knocking down ANT1 significantly increased the expression of TNFα (~10-fold) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (~3.6-fold) concomitant with increased reporter gene activity of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) (~61±1.22%) in response to TNFα. These effects were not due to mitochondria loss because no changes were detected for voltage-dependent anion channel, or cyclophilin D when ANT1 is knocked down. Confocal microscopy analysis indicated that ANT1 knockdown increased TNFα-induced donut/blob-shaped mitochondria (~4.9-fold). Interestingly, exogenous TNFα and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in turn significantly decreased ANT1 protein levels (~37±13%; ~37±6%, respectively) suggesting a feed forward regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression activated by ANT1 down-regulation. Conclusion: These data suggest that cardiac inflammation is dependent on, in part, the function of ANT1. Preventing ANT1 down-regulation can be a novel molecular target to attenuate post MI inflammation and heart failure.