cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DG-IMEX Stochastic Galerkin Schemes for Linear Transport Equation with Random Inputs and Diffusive Scalings

In this paper, we consider the linear transport equation under diffusive scaling and with random inputs. The method is based on the generalized polynomial chaos approach in the stochastic Galerkin framework. Several theoretical aspects will be addressed. A uniform numerical stability with respect to the Knudsen number $$\epsilon $$ , and a uniform in $$\epsilon $$ error estimate is given. For temporal and spatial discretizations, we apply the implicit–explicit scheme under the micro–macro decomposition framework and the discontinuous Galerkin method, as proposed in Jang et al. (SIAM J Numer Anal 52:2048–2072, 2014) for deterministic problem. We provide a rigorous proof of the stochastic asymptotic-preserving (sAP) property. Extensive numerical experiments that validate the accuracy and sAP of the method are conducted.
A Meta‐Analysis of Uncertainty and Information Management in Illness Contexts

This study meta-analyzes 32 studies that examined uncertainty's effects on anxiety and information management within a variety of illness contexts (e.g., cancer, sexually transmitted disease, heart disease). Results indicate that the direction and magnitude of uncertainty's effects vary for different information management strategies. Illness uncertainty is strongly, positively associated with anxiety and avoidance. In contrast, the average effect of uncertainty on information seeking is nonsignificant, but the association does vary depending on uncertainty conceptualization and age. Implications for understanding the nature of illness uncertainty and for communicative efforts designed to facilitate uncertainty management in illness contexts are discussed.
Identifying effective climate change education strategies: a systematic review of the research

Increased interest in climate change education and the growing recognition of the challenges inherent to addressing this issue create an opportunity to conduct a systematic review to understand wha...
Topical Administration of Ibuprofen for Injured Athletes: Considerations, Formulations, and Comparison to Oral Delivery

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a class of drugs commonly used to treat both the acute and chronic injuries sustained by athletes during training and competition. In many parts of the world, NSAIDs can be purchased over-the-counter and used without any physician oversight. However, the chronic nature of overuse injuries requires NSAIDs to be taken orally for an extended period of time. As a result, they can have significant adverse effects on athletes, namely gastrointestinal (GI), renal, and cardiovascular damage. Dyspepsia and upper GI ulceration and bleeding are of great concern in chronic NSAID use, and as such oral NSAIDs are generally contraindicated in those with a history of peptic ulcers or irritable bowel disease. In the setting of chronic overuse soft tissue or joint disease, topically administered NSAIDs offer an alternate route of administration that has the potential to deliver a similar level of pain and anti-inflammatory relief while bypassing the harmful side effects associated with oral intake. Topically applied NSAIDs are able to achieve high concentrations within the targeted site of action while simultaneously keeping plasma concentrations low, offering several advantages over oral administration. One commonly used generic NSAID is ibuprofen (2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propanoic acid). First synthesized in the 1960s, ibuprofen has since become widely available as an over-the-counter pharmaceutical. In this review, we outline new and different techniques that have been used to deliver ibuprofen into diseased tissues, including supersaturations, microemulsions, gels, nanosystems, and microneedles. We also review relevant clinical trials comparing transdermally delivered ibuprofen to placebo and orally administered ibuprofen.
Philosophical Criteria in Whitehead and Rorty

Rorty's aversion to metaphysics is well known, so the extent of his early work on Whitehead might come as a surprise. This article examines the young Rorty's critical assessment of Whitehead to show how it demonstrates the consequences of diverging metaphilosophical orientations. It argues that Rorty's insistence on judging Whitehead's work through an exclusively epistemological frame causes him to miss its more radical existential and epistemic implications. After examining how Rorty and Whitehead operate with different cost-benefit analyses as to the risks and benefits of speculative philosophy, it suggests that closer attention to the fuller stakes of Whitehead's project shows that his metaphysics are not opposed to the “poeticized” culture that Rorty calls for, one where the distinction between making and finding is no longer metaphysically foundational.
Pathways to Meaning-Making Through Leisure-Like Pursuits in Global Contexts

This paper incorporates international and multicultural perspectives on meaning- making through leisure-like pursuits, by acknowledging voices of non-western people including Asians, Middle-Eastern...
A Behavioristic Analysis of the Book of Job

A behavioristic analysis based on current principles and empirical findings of learning psychology is applied to the Old Testament Book of Job. Specifically, the psychological origins of Job's help...
Prediction of Pain and Opioid Utilization in the Perioperative Period in Patients Undergoing Primary Knee Arthroplasty: Psychophysical and Psychosocial Factors.

Objective To identify factors associated with pain severity and opioid consumption in the early perioperative period. Design Prospective observational cohort study. Setting Tertiary academic medical center. Subjects Patients with osteoarthritis older than age 45 years undergoing primary total knee replacement at Brigham and Women's Hospital. A total of 126 patients enrolled. Methods Preoperatively, pain questionnaires and quantitative sensory testing were performed on patients to develop a psychosocial and psychophysical profile. Postoperatively, pain scores and opioid consumption were measured as primary end points. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the predictive value of these characteristics on perioperative pain scores and opioid consumption. Results Regression analysis revealed several predictors of acute postoperative pain scores including temporal summation of pain (TSP; P = 0.001), body mass index (BMI; P = 0.044), number of previous knee surgeries (P = 0.006), and female gender (P = 0.023). Similarly, predictors of opioid utilization included TSP (P = 0.011), BMI (P = 0.02), age (P = <0.001), and tourniquet time (P = 0.003). Conclusions The only significant, unique predictors of both pain and opioid consumption were TSP, an index of central pain facilitatory processes, and BMI. Interestingly, psychosocial factors, such as catastrophizing and somatization, although correlated with postoperative pain scores and opioid consumption, generally did not independently explain substantial variance in these measures. This study suggests that BMI and quantitative sensory testing, specifically the temporal summation of pain, may provide value in the preoperative assessment of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty and other surgeries via predicting their level of risk for adverse pain outcomes.
God as a Secure Base: Attachment to God and Theological Exploration:

This study was an attempt to determine if God might provide a secure base for theological exploration. It was predicted that those displaying secure attachment with God would be more willing to “ex...
A Renewed Call for True Structural Reform to Restore Trust in the Internal Revenue Service by Rebuilding Field Operations with Democratic and Republican Participation (Subtitle: There is No Doubt the Service is a Troubled Agency, Which Badly Needs Fixing; But, 'You Ain’t Seen Nuthin Yet' … Because Pervasive Discontent Must be 'Visibly' Overcome to Avoid Losing our Voluntary Self-Assessment System.)

At long last, there is a path for Democrats to enjoy good national government and Republicans to simultaneously enjoy smaller national government. No one denies that something went wrong at the Internal Revenue Service; and everyone should understand that fixing it must be accomplished in a way the general public can respect. After months of street-fighting, we should finally accept as a people that the reality here requires moves that are publicly visible and well beyond a series of merely-helpful internal adjustments.
Proceedings of the 2014 SIGPLAN/SIGBED conference on Languages, compilers and tools for embedded systems

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 2014 ACM Conference on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems. This year's conference continues its tradition of being the premier forum for presentation of research results on leading edge issues in embedded systems. The call for papers attracted 51 submissions from all over the world. Each paper received at least three reviews. Reviewing was "double-blind," meaning that author identities were withheld from the reviewers. After the reviewing was completed, the PC met for a 5-day long online meeting to deliberate on the papers and to reach consensus on each paper. These deliberations were open to the entire PC, and generated interesting and fruitful discussions on several papers. Finally, the program committee accepted 16 high-quality papers that cover a variety of topics, including worstcase mtiming analysis, static program analysis, code generation and optimization, and computer architecture. In addition to the reviewed research papers, the program includes two keynote speeches by renowned researchers, Dr. David Whalley and Dr. Minyi Guo. We encourage attendees to attend the keynote talk presentations. These valuable and insightful talks can and will guide us to a better understanding of the future: Energy Efficient Data Access Techniques, Dr. David Whalley (Florida State University) Energy Efficient Data Access and Storage through HW/SW Co-design, Dr. Minyi Guo (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)
Green infrastructure optimization to achieve pre-development conditions of a semiarid urban catchment

One challenge facing sustainable cities is managing stormwater in urban catchments. Of particular interest is mitigating the negative impacts of urbanization on hydrologic variables to a sustainable level. In this context, “sustainable” could be defined as mimicking the pre-development conditions (PDC) of an urban catchment by implementing green infrastructure (GI). Nevertheless, common stormwater management standards do not necessarily maintain the PDC of a region. They often prioritize site suitability and reduction of runoff volumes that can be used to partially meet the PDC of the area. However, a goal could be to get closer to PDC in maximum extent possible, in all hydrologic variables, not just runoff; following the primary purpose of designing GIs. Although studies show GI techniques can significantly contribute to approaching PDC, no comprehensive methods incorporate multiple hydrological components and reveal compatible types of GI with the PDC of a catchment. To introduce a comprehensive GI design approach based on PDC nearness, a systematic Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) framework was developed and is presented in this paper. This framework employs the recently introduced PDC nearness metric known as water budget restoration coefficient (WBRC), and includes comparison of two different sets of tradeoffs based on two independent optimization sets: (i) the first optimizes candidate GIs in terms of life cycle cost (LCC) and runoff volume (RV), and represents common practice, and (ii) the second one optimizes GIs in terms of LCC and WBRC, representing a more comprehensive hydrologic goal. The selected candidate GIs were i) permeable pavements (PP), (ii) green roof (GR) and (iii) bio-retention cells (BC), because of their diverse hydrological benefits. The optimum results of the two MOO sets were compared in terms of environmental and stormwater management benefits to reveal the overall performance of both approaches. The results suggest that considering WBRC criteria in the optimization process outperforms conventional practice in terms of common benefits. Specifically, 50% more evapotranspiration, which can be translated to having more plants and eventually better air quality; 30% more reduction in the duration of flood events; 2% more total suspended solids removal; and about the same level of performance in groundwater recharge and flood volume reduction.
A novel therapeutic strategy for β-thalassemia.

In this issue of Blood , Xu et al describe a novel CRISPR/Cas approach for correcting β-thalassemias that result from aberrant donor or acceptor splice sites. 1 The authors designed guide RNA/Cas complexes that can be introduced efficiently into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) ex vivo without viral vectors and can create double-stranded DNA cuts at specific genomic sites. The cells rapidly repair these double-stranded breaks by nonhomologous end-joining, which typically results in small deletions around the cut site. If these deletions encompass the aberrant splice sites and avoid additional sequences necessary for efficient splicing (see figure), normal splicing can be restored.
Infection with human T-lymphotropic viruses leads to constitutive expression of leukemia inhibitory factor and interleukin-6

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), similar to interleukin-6 (IL-6), is a glycoprotein growth factor and differentiation regulator that has pleiotropic activity in several cellular systems. Recent reports of constitutive IL-6 production from spontaneously proliferating cells from human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-infected individuals led us to examine the expression of IL-6 and LIF during HTLV infection. In vitro infection of peripheral blood lymphocytes with HTLV-I was associated with production of both soluble LIF and IL-6 in conjunction with the increasing HTLV antigen concentration. Northern blot analysis of T-cell lines generated from individuals infected with HTLV-I (MT-2, HuT-102, FS, EG, SP) and HTLV-II (Mo-T, H2A, H2E) demonstrated a marked increase in constitutive expression of LIF and IL-6 transcripts, as compared with uninfected cell lines (HuT-78, Jurkat). The constitutive expression of LIF and IL-6 was independent of presence of IL-2 in the culture medium, as both IL-2-independent (MT-2, HuT-102, SP, Mo-T) and IL-2-dependent (FS, EG, H2A, H2E) cell lines expressed LIF and IL-6 transcripts. Furthermore, LIF and IL-6 RNA expression in an HTLV-I- infected cell line (MT-2) was enhanced by phorbol ester stimulation via mechanisms that appear to be dependent on the posttranscriptional regulatory controls. These results show that both LIF and IL-6 are produced by HTLV-I- and HTLV-II-infected cells, which could potentially alter the transcriptional regulation of HTLV gene expression by inducing certain early response genes.
Prediction of Tissue-Plasma Partition Coefficients Using Microsomal Partitioning: Incorporation into Physiologically based Pharmacokinetic Models and Steady-State Volume of Distribution Predictions.

Drug distribution is a necessary component of models to predict human pharmacokinetics. A new method (Kp,mem) to predict unbound tissue to plasma partition coefficients (Kpu) was developed using in vitro membrane partitioning (fum ), plasma protein binding (fup), and LogP. The resulting Kp values were used in a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict the steady-state volume of distribution (Vss) and concentration-time (C-t) profiles for 19 drugs. These results were compared with Kp predictions using a standard method (Kp,dPL) that differentiates between acidic and neutral phospholipids. The Kp,mem method was parameterized using published rat Kpu data and tissue lipid composition. The Kpu values were well predicted with R2 = 0.8. When used in a PBPK model, Vss predictions were within 2-fold error for 12 of 19 drugs with Kp,mem versus 11 of 19 for Kp,dPL. With one outlier removed for Kp,mem and two for Kp,dPL, the Vss prediction R2 was 0.80 and 0.79 for the Kp,mem and Kp,dPL methods respectively. C-t profiles were also predicted and compared. Overall, the Kp,mem method predicted Vss and C-t profiles equally or better than the Kp,dPL method. An advantage of using fum to parameterize membrane partitioning is that fum data is used for clearance prediction and is therefore generated early in the discovery/development process. Also, the method provides a mechanistically sound basis for membrane partitioning and permeability for further improving physiologic PK models. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A new method to predict tissue-plasma partition coefficients was developed. The method provides a more mechanistic basis to model membrane partitioning.
Harnessing evolutionary diversification of primary metabolism for plant synthetic biology

Plants produce numerous natural products that are essential to both plant and human physiology. Recent identification of genes and enzymes involved in their biosynthesis now provides exciting opportunities to reconstruct plant natural product pathways in heterologous systems through synthetic biology. The use of plant chassis, although still in infancy, can take advantage of plant cells' inherent capacity to synthesize and store various phytochemicals. Also, large-scale plant biomass production systems, driven by photosynthetic energy production and carbon fixation, could be harnessed for industrial-scale production of natural products. However, little is known about which plants could serve as ideal hosts and how to optimize plant primary metabolism to efficiently provide precursors for the synthesis of desirable downstream natural products or specialized (secondary) metabolites. Although primary metabolism is generally assumed to be conserved, unlike the highly-diversified specialized metabolism, primary metabolic pathways and enzymes can differ between microbes and plants and also among different plants, especially at the interface between primary and specialized metabolisms. This review highlights examples of the diversity in plant primary metabolism and discusses how we can utilize these variations in plant synthetic biology. I propose that understanding the evolutionary, biochemical, genetic, and molecular bases of primary metabolic diversity could provide rational strategies for identifying suitable plant hosts and for further optimizing primary metabolism for sizable production of natural and bio-based products in plants.
Atiprimod Blocks STAT3 and STAT5 Phosphorylation, Inhibits Proliferation, and Induces Apoptosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) but Not Normal Cells.

Cytokines and growth factors stimulate AML cell proliferation by activating various signaling pathways and high levels of cytokines have been associated with poor prognosis. Blocking signal transduction of cytokine-stimulated pathways may therefore inhibit AML growth and proliferation. Atiprimod is a cationic amphiphilic azaspirane. Although their mechanisms of action are not completely understood, azaspiranes were demonstrated among others to downregulate various cytokine receptors such as for interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Owing to this spectrum of activities, we hypothesized that atiprimod inhibits activation of intracellular signaling pathways in AML cells resulting in apoptosis and growth inhibition. We first studied the antiproliferative effect of atiprimod on 5 AML cell lines (K562, HL-60, KG-1, OCIM2, OCI/AML3) using the MTT assay. Cells were incubated for 72 hours without and with increasing concentrations of atiprimod (1, 2, 3, and 4 μM), then harvested and their metabolic activity and viability determined as optical density measurements. To corroborate the results, we also studied the effect of atiprimod on OCIM2 cells using a clonogenic cell line assay. Next we determined expression of Stat3 and Stat5, as well as Phospho-stat3 and phospho-stat5 in the K562 cells by Western Immunoblotting where cells were incubated in the absence and presence of increasing atiprimod concentrations (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 μM). We further evaluated induction of apoptosis of OCIM2 and K562 cells following incubation with atiprimod at 1 and 4 μM using the annexin V-FITC assay and finally analyzed caspase 3 and PARP cleavage in K562 cells at atiprimod concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 μM using Western Immunoblotting. To demonstrate the effect of atiprimod on marrow cells from AML patients and healthy volunteers we incubated marrow cells with atprimod at increasing concentrations and used the blast colony assay to measure inhibition of proliferation. Our results demonstrate that: 1) atiprimod inhibits proliferation of AML cell lines and AML blast proliferation from patient samples, but not significantly normal hematopoietic progenitors from samples of healthy controls; 2) atiprimod inhibits phosphorylation of Stat 3 and 5; and 3) atiprimod induces apoptosis in OCIM2 and K562 cells by cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP. In summary, our data suggest that atiprimod inhibits phopshorylation of Stat 3 and 5, induces caspase-dependent apoptosis, and blocks AML cell proliferation. Further evaluation of atiprimod in clinical trials of AML and MDS should be considered.
Reasons women pursue a computer science career: perspectives of women from a mid-sized institution

There is not a substantial number of women in the computer science field. Even though computer science offers a great deal of professional opportunity, statistics show women have not been taking advantage of its many benefits. The purpose of this paper is to determine why women are entering the computer science field and to suggest ways to increase enrollment of female computer science majors in a specific category of learning institution. Questionnaires were given out asking open-ended questions about educational background, interest in the computer science field, and encouragement in pursuing a computer science career. The questionnaires were given out to women whom are in various stages of their computer science career. Responses were quantified into no more than four categories. Inferences were made based upon the information gathered from the responses.
Patient and system factors associated with unassisted and injurious falls in hospitals: an observational study

Unassisted falls are more likely to result in injury than assisted falls. However, little is known about risk factors for falling unassisted. Furthermore, rural hospitals, which care for a high proportion of older adults, are underrepresented in research on hospital falls. This study identified risk factors for unassisted and injurious falls in rural hospitals. Seventeen hospitals reported 353 falls over 2 years. We categorized falls by type (assisted vs. unassisted) and outcome (injurious vs. non-injurious). We used multivariate logistic regression to determine factors that predicted fall type and outcome. With all other factors being equal, the odds of falling unassisted were 2.55 times greater for a patient aged ≥65 than < 65 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30–5.03), 3.70 times greater for a patient with cognitive impairment than without (95% CI = 2.06–6.63), and 6.97 times greater if a gait belt was not identified as an intervention for a patient than if it was identified (95% CI = 3.75–12.94). With all other factors being equal, the odds of an injurious fall were 2.55 times greater for a patient aged ≥65 than < 65 (95% CI = 1.32–4.94), 2.48 times greater if a fall occurred in the bathroom vs. other locations (95% CI = 1.41–4.36), and 3.65 times greater if the fall occurred when hands-on assistance was provided without a gait belt, compared to hands-on assistance with a gait belt (95% CI = 1.34–9.97). Many factors associated with unassisted or injurious falls in rural hospitals were consistent with research conducted in larger facilities. A novel finding is that identifying a gait belt as an intervention decreased the odds of patients falling unassisted. Additionally, using a gait belt during an assisted fall decreased the odds of injury. We expanded upon other research that found an association between assistance during falls and injury by discovering that the manner in which a fall is assisted is an important consideration for risk mitigation.
Gender Differences in End-of-Life Care in Older Mexican American Adults:

Mexican Americans (MAs), 1 of 10 subgroups of Latinos, are the largest and fastest growing Latino subgroup in the United States; yet, their access to end-of-life (EOL) care using hospice services is low. An investigation was needed into extant research-based knowledge about factors influencing EOL care decisions among MAs to guide health-care professionals in assisting MAs to make timely, acceptable, and satisfactory EOL care decisions. To determine whether gender was an influence on EOL decision-making among older MAs, CINAHL and PubMed were searched for articles published between 1994 and 2018. Relevant sources were also identified through the reference lists of review articles. Reports were included if they were written in English, involved participants aged 50 years and older who identified themselves as MA, and data derived directly from participants. Reports in which MAs were not equally represented in the sample, large databases, and instrumentation development and testing articles were excluded. Of the 345 unduplicated articles identified in our electronic search and the 47 identified through review articles, 22 met the inclusion criteria. Content analysis was conducted using a priori codes from the Ethno-Cultural Gerontological Nursing Model (ECGNM). Only 8 (36%) of the 22 articles reported on MA older adults' gendered experiences related to EOL decision-making. Results indicate an association between gender and EOL decision-making. As the older MA population grows, tackling disparities in EOL services use requires attention to how culture and gender influence EOL decision-making and care.
Morphologically tailored nano-structured MoS2 catalysts via introduction of Ni and Co ions for enhanced HER activity

Abstract Recently Ni2+ and Co2+ incorporated MoS2 nanocatalysts demonstrated the superior HER performance compare to the pristine MoS2 nanostructures. Further investigation on the comparative HER behavior of these materials is required as there are only a few reports have been published so far. Here in, the HER performance of the Ni2+ and Co2+ incorporated MoS2 nanocatalysts (referred to as Ni-MoS2, Co-MoS2) compared with pristine MoS2 directly grown on carbon cloth via hydrothermal method. The SEM images revealed the distinguished morphology of Ni-MoS2, Co-MoS2 compare to pristine MoS2. The XPS and Raman studies confirmed the incorporation of transition metal ions in 2H phase of MoS2 lattice. Moreover, the transition metal ion incorporated MoS2 nanocatalyts showed a significant drop in overpotential (η10 @ j = 10 mA/cm2). The measured η10 was found lowest for Co-MoS2 (−58 mV) compare to Ni-MoS2 (−136 mV) and pristine MoS2 (−167 mV). The promoted HER activity in Co-MoS2, Ni-MoS2 analyzed by Tafel slope analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The EIS measurements showed a significant increase in the active site density and lowering of the charge-transfer resistance (Rct), resulting in lower overpotential.
Neutrophil-predominant bullous pemphigoid induced by checkpoint inhibitors: A case series

Checkpoint inhibitors have been revolutionary in the treatment of metastatic melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. By restricting negative feedback of T-cells, checkpoint inhibitors allow the immune system to identify and destroy malignant cells. This enhanced immune response is efficacious in the treatment of the aforementioned malignancies; however, it may lead to immune-related adverse events. Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a well-documented cutaneous adverse reaction of checkpoint inhibitors, with a majority of cases reporting an eosinophil-predominant or mixed inflammatory infiltrate. We report two cases of neutrophil-predominant BP presenting in patients on checkpoint inhibitors.
An engraved surface induces weak adherence and high proliferation of nonadherent cells and microorganisms during culture.

When cells are cultured in a Petri dish, the adherent cells attach to the bottom of the dish; whereas, the nonadherent cells float in the culture medium. It was observed that nonadherent cells coul...
Trends in the management of anorectal melanoma: A multi-institutional retrospective study and review of the world literature

Trends in the management of anorectal melanoma: A multi-institutional retrospective study and review of the world literature
Effect of macroenvironment and microenvironment temperature and humidity on the risk of respiratory disease in pre-weaned dairy calves during summer months

The objective of this cohort study was to evaluate the association between exposure to temperature and humidity measured at the macroenvironment and microenvironment, and the risk of BRD in pre-weaned dairy calves.
Mayer, Tobias 1723–1762

Tobias Mayer, born February 17, 1723 in Marbach, Germany, a mathematician, astronomer, cartographer, and physicist, was the only child of a fountain builder and his wife. Mayer was 10-years-old when his father passed away and he grew up in impoverished circumstances in the nearby city of Esslingen, spending some years in an orphanage.
Katz and Dogs: Canine Sniff Inspections and the Fourth Amendment

The canine nose, used by school officials and law enforcement officersnto detect the presence of contraband on persons or in closed containersnsuch as suitcases, lockers, and cars is becoming an increasingly frequentnintruder in the lives of Americans.' Judicial analysis of whether this practicenconstitutes a search within the meaning of the fourth amendment'nhas important implications for search and seizure law, particularly if thenreasoning of these...
Modeling the Reversible and Resistant Components of Munition Constituent Adsorption and Desorption on Soils

The reversible and resistant components of adsorption and desorption of munition constituents (MCs) on soils was studied to determine the environmental fate of these contaminants. The long-term desorption of MCs has applicability in formulating accurate risk assessments for operational military ranges. Batch experiments near 1:1 (w/v) soil-to-solution ratios reflecting field conditions using solutions containing mixtures of HMX, RDX, and nitroglycerine (NG) were conducted. The three soils used varied from 0.04 to 13.3 % organic matter. The experiment involved one adsorption step followed by four consecutive desorption steps. Adsorption times were 2, 5, 10, and 30 days. For each adsorption time, desorption times were carried out for 1, 12, 24 and 72 h and 30 days. The reversible/resistant component model was applied to the data. The model predicted the desorption concentrations of the MCs in the soil with root mean square errors of approximately 0.05 to 0.2 μg g soil−1. The extent of desorption hysteresis is not changed by the length of desorption time, irrespective of the initial adsorption time.
Bacteremia and septicemia due to anaerobic bacteria in newborns

The awareness of the role of anaerobic bacteria in neonatal bacteremia and sepsis has increased in recent years. The incidence of recovery of anaerobes in neonatal bacteremia varies between 1.8% and 12.5%. Of the 179 cases reported in the literature, 73 were due to Bacteroides spp. (69 were the Bacteroides fragilis group), 57 Clostridium spp. (mostly Clostridium perfringens), 35 Peptostreptococus spp., 5 Propionibacterium acnes ,3 Veillonella spp., 3 Fusobacterium spp, and 2 Eubacterium spp. Predisposing factors were perinatal maternal complications (especially premature rupture of membranes and chorioamnioni- tis), scalp abscess, prematurity, and necrotizing enterocolitis. Organisms similar to those isolated in blood were concomitantly recovered in lung aspirates and cerebrospinal and peritoneal fluids. The overall mortality noted is 26% and is highest with B. fragilis group (34%). Inappropriate choice of antimicrobial therapy was often a contributory factor to mortality. Correction of underlying pathology, surgical drainage, and the use of proper antimicrobials are critical to successful resolution of the infection. Penicillin G is the drug of choice for anaerobic infection other than one due to beta-lactamase-producing anaerobic Gram negative bacilli. Antimicrobials useful for therapy these organisms include clindamycin, metronidazole, chloramphenicol, a carbapenem, and the combination of a penicillin plus a beta-lactamase inhibitor. The awareness of the role of anaerobic bacteria in neonatal bacteremia and sepsis has increased in recent years, following improvement and simplification in the methods of growing and identification of these organ- isms. Greater adherence to proper methods of collec- tion and cultivation of these organisms has lead to their greater recovery in neonatal bacteremia. This review summarizes the microbiological, clinical features and treatment of bacteremia and caused by anaerobic bacteria in newborns.
Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks

Welcome to IPSN 2012, the Eleventh ACM/IEEE Conference on Information Processing in Sensing Networks! This year marks the first time IPSN is held in Asia, recognizing the region's growing interest and activities in the areas of sensor networks, Internet-of-Things (IoT), and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). We hope that you will enjoy this diverse conference that is a leading venue for publications and idea exchange on sensor networks. IPSN is unique in its broad coverage of the field, ranging from foundations to system implementation and platforms. It is a meeting point of theory and practice, as embodied in its two tracks: Information Processing (IP) and Sensor Platforms, Tools and Design Methods (SPOTS). In an effort to further unify the conference this year, we formed a joint technical program committee (TPC) and held a single TPC meeting. Authors could select the IP or the SPOTS track for their submissions and TPC members were able to provide their review preferences across all papers submitted to the conference. We believe that in this way, each paper received the most relevant and useful set of reviews. The field of sensor networks has shown a continuing strength over the years as indicated by the number and the quality of submissions this year: 53 in the SPOTS track and 94 in the IP track, for a total of 147 submissions. These submissions underwent a two-stage review process during which each paper received at least three reviews and occasionally up to seven reviews. An online discussion followed the review process during which the set of papers that were discussed in the TPC meeting were selected. The set of accepted papers were decided during a face-to-face TPC meeting. 22 papers were selected for publication out of which 12 were in the IP track and 10 in the SPOTS track. As in the past, the exciting demo and poster session provides an opportunity for attendees to examine and discuss the latest in sensing devices, systems and applications, following a special session with a rapid-fire series of short "pitch" talks from the authors of posters and demos. A new addition to the program this year is the PhD Forum where students working in the field present their dissertation ideas and get critical feedback from a panel of experts. The main conference is complemented by a number of workshops and tutorials in emerging or adjacent areas of sensor networks such as mobile, IoT, and smart objects.
A Communication Framework for Cost-Effective Operation of AUVs in Coastal Regions

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are revolutionizing oceanography. Most high-endurance and long-range AUVs rely on satellite phones as their primary communications interface during missions for data/command telemetry due to its global coverage. Satellite phone (e.g., Iridium) expenses can make up a significant portion of an AUV’s operating budget during long missions. Slocum gliders are a type of AUV that provide unprecedented longevity in scientific missions for data collection. Here we describe a minimally-intrusive modification to the existing hardware and an accompanying software system that provides an alternative robust disruption-tolerant communications framework enabling cost-effective glider operation in coastal regions. Our framework is specifically designed to address multiple-AUV operations in a region covered by multiple networked base-stations equipped with radio modems. We provide a system overview and preliminary evaluation results from three field deployments using a glider.We believe that this framework can be extended to reduce operational costs for other AUVs during coastal operations.
Decision Tree: A Conceptual Tool for Best Practices: Making Theoretical and Evidence-Based Choices

The decision tree presented in this article is a conceptual tool that enables practitioners to make practice decisions based on conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of available knowledge. Consistent with evidence-based practice, the decision tree promotes rigor in the teaching and assessment of client needs and in the application of best solutions across diverse disciplines, fields, settings, problems, populations, theories, methods, and practitioner skill levels. As a prescription for practice, the decision tree allows practitioners to make prompt, critically informed decisions from a wealth of information while controlling for confounding factors that affect assessment and treatment outcomes. It serves as a handy quick reference tool for practitioners, agency supervisors, field instructors, practice educators, and learners who wish to engage in best practices. [Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention 4:37–47 (2004)]
Basal antero-septal anomalous papillary muscle in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

Background We report the presence of an anomalous papillary muscle inserting into the basal antero-septum in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) investigated by means of cardiac MRI. Methods 9 consecutive patients with HOCM and 13 age- and gender-matched controls without this condition were interrogated using a Siemens Espree MRI machine. A diagnosis of HOCM was established on the basis of asymmetric antero-septal left ventricle hypertrophy and systolic anterior motion of the mitral apparatus. Results 100% of HOCM patients and 62% (n=8, P=0.05) of controls demonstrated an anomalous papillary muscle connecting the left ventricle basal antero-septum with the apex, noticeable on a long axis view acquired on an SSFP sequence. This particular structure contracts during during
Association between Bid Premium for Corporate Acquisitions and Executive Compensation

This study empirically tests the argument that the magnitude of bid premium is influenced by the executives' self-interest of maximizing their compensation. We evaluate the compensation maximization motivation by examining the association between the magnitude of bid premium and change in CEO cash compensation (salary plus cash bonus) from the pre-acquisition to post-acquisition period. The results, based on 646 mergers/acquisitions from 1994 to 1998, support the expectation that the bid premium is positively associated with the change in CEO cash compensation. The positive association between bid premium and CEO cash compensation is, however, moderated when the CEO has shareholdings in the firm and especially when the acquiring firm undertakes size-contraction activities during the post-acquisition period.
The rodeo athlete: injuries - Part II.

A previous instalment to this review focused on the sport science for rodeo, the history behind the sport and what is currently known about the physical and physiological status, coronary risk profile, strength and power levels, event-specific kinesiological and biomechanical aspects, nutritional habits and psychological indices associated with the rodeo athlete. In regards to injury, rodeo is well known for its high-velocity, high-impact atmosphere where athletes compete against the clock and uncooperative livestock. Considered by many to be a dangerous sport with high vulnerability towards trauma and frequent injuries, animal/human contact events comprise ∼80% of reported injuries. Severe trauma includes fractures, dislocations, subluxations concussions, ligament ruptures, pneumothorax and various neurapraxias. Head and neck trauma account for 10–29% of total trauma and up to 63% of upper body injuries, with concussion incidence rates of 3.4 per 1000 competitive exposures. The incidence of thoracic, back and abdominal injuries comprise 11–84% of trauma, while shoulder injuries, involving anterior/ posterior arthralgia, inflammation, instability and increasing weakness, account for 8–15% of upper extremity cases. Lower extremity trauma accounts for 26–34% of cases, with the majority involving the knee. Many believe that the incidence of trauma is underestimated, with studies hampered by numerous limitations such as a lack of injury awareness, missing data, poor injury recall, an array of reporting sources, delays in subject response and treatment, no uniform definition of injury or reporting system and predisposing factors prior to injury. Primary mechanisms of injuries are attributed to physical immaturity, fatigue, age and experience, behaviour, the violent nature of the sport and lack of adequate medical intervention. Although there is limited adherence to organized conditioning programmes, when properly planned, sport-specific conditioning may enhance athletic potential, minimize predisposition to injury and enhance recovery. Education in care and rehabilitation should be spearheaded by the medical community to reduce injury, as several studies have linked trauma to poor technique, inexperience and poor judgement. Medical services should encompass emergency medical oversight for trauma at all levels and press toward preventive care. Competitors should also be cognizant of the signs and symptoms of overtraining, a condition exacerbated by overuse and minimal recovery. The use of helmets, taping, bracing, protective vests, cervical collars and mouthpieces is gaining popularity but has not been thoroughly studied. Guidelines requiring padding of chutes, gates or equipment essential for performance may also avert trauma. Whether increases in knowledge, education and technology are able to reduce predisposition to injury among this population, remains to be seen. As with all high-risk sports, the answer may lie in increased wisdom and responsibility of coaches and athletes to ensure an adequate level of ability, self-control and common sense as they compete in this sport.
Electron spin resonance studies on neutral aromatic hydrocarbon radicals

Abstract The neutral, 13 C bearing, radicals diphenylmethyl and 9-fluorenyl have been generated in solution and the hyperfine coupling between 13 C and the free electron obtained. On the basis of this information, the nonplanarity assigned to these radicals is seen to lie not in the hybridization of C central , which is sp 2 , but rather in the “propellor” type disposition of the phenyl rings. Some substituted neutral diphenylmethyl radicals have also been examined and no simple correlation between the usual sigma σ substituent parameters and the hyperfine (a H ) splitting constants of the hydrogen at C central is apparent.
TOMA: a viable solution for large-scale multicast service support

In this paper, we propose a Two-tier Overlay Multicast Architecture (TOMA) to provide scalable and efficient multicast support for various group communication applications. In TOMA, Multicast Service Overlay Network (MSON) is advocated as the backbone service domain, while end users in the access domains form a number of small clusters, in which an application-layer multicast protocol is used for the communication between the clustered end users. TOMA is able to provide efficient resource utilization with less control overhead, especially for large-scale applications. It also alleviates the state scalability problem and simplifies multicast tree construction and maintenance when there are large numbers of groups in the networks. Simulation studies are conducted and the results demonstrate the promising performance of TOMA.
CSUSM experiments in GeoCLEF2005: monolingual and bilingual tasks

This paper presents the results of our initial experiments in the monolingual English task and the Bilingual Spanish → English task. We used the Terrier Information Retrieval Platform to run experiments for both tasks using the Inverse Document Frequency model with Laplace after-effect and normalization 2. Additional experiments were run with Indri, a retrieval engine that combines inference networks with language modelling. For the bilingual task we developed a component to first translate the topics from Spanish into English. No spatial analysis was carried out for any of the tasks. One of our goals is to have a baseline to compare further experiments with term translation of georeferences and spatial analysis. Another goal is to use ontologies for Integrated Geographic Information Systems adapted to the IR task. Our initial results show that the geographic information as provided does not improve significantly retrieval performance. We included the geographical terms appearing in all the fields. Duplication of terms might have decreased gain of information and affected the ranking.
Effects of estrogen on gluconeogenesis and related parameters in male rainbow trout.

To investigate the effects of estrogen, the hormone responsible for vitellogenesis, on gluconeogenesis, male rainbow trout were implanted with 17 beta-estradiol or given a sham procedure. Plasma glucose concentration in estrogenized fish was 50% of the control fish (6.4 mM). Glucose synthesis from physiological concentrations of alanine was 0.08 mumol.g cells-1 x h-1 compared with 0.20 mumol.g cells-1 x h-1 in control fish; synthesis from physiological concentrations of lactate was reduced by over 50% (0.88 vs. 0.36 mumol.g cells-1 x h-1) in implanted fish. Gluconeogenesis from 5 mM lactate was also significantly depressed in implanted fish. Oxidation of alanine, serine, and lactate was not significantly affected by estrogen implantation. The maximum clearance velocity of a key enzyme negatively regulating gluconeogenesis, pyruvate kinase, was 3.03 mumol.g cells-1 x h-1 in estrogen (E2) implanted fish compared with 7.83 mumol.g cells-1 x h-1 in control fish. No significant differences in plasma insulin or glucagon were found in the two groups. We conclude that estrogen depresses gluconeogenesis and that this reduction contributes to the lower plasma glucose concentration seen in vitellogenic trout.
Automated Approach to Design of Solid Rockets

e U An improved pattern-search technique is utilized in a computer program which minimizes the sum of the squares of the differences, at various times, between a desired thrust-time trace and that calculated with a mathematical performance model of a solid-propellant rocket motor (SRM). Up to 14 design parameters may be varied during the search. These parameters fix the design of the SRM which may consist of various common grain configurations. The large number of designs that must be evaluated during the search for the "best match" of calculated to desired performance necessitates the use of a relatively simple model of the SRM's performance. The one selected provides the required data for a single design on the IBM 3031 computer in about 10 s of operating time. An important feature of the model is an approximate evaluation of the effects of grain deformation on burning surface geometry. The performance model is shown to give good quality predictions for 5 existing SRM's of very different sizes and configurations. The overall program is demonstrated by matching the thrust-time trace obtained from the static test of the first Space Shuttle SRM starting with input values of 10 variables which are, in general, 10% different from the as-built SRM. An excellent match is obtained; final design parameters are for the most part within a few percent of the as-built values.