cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Good Doctor and the Medical Care of Children

This essay will be concerned with the question: must a good doctor also be a good person? More precisely, the question is: does the conception of what it takes to be a good doctor include as part of its meaning the requirement that he or she also be a morally good person? One can imagine asking the same sort of question about other roles or relationships: for example, does one need to be a morally good person to be a good friend, a good parent, a good child, a good judge, a good minister, or a good counselor? In the case of, say, a good chess player the answer would, of course, be NO. A person could be a good chess player but a thoroughly immoral person. As far as the others are concerned, the answer is more problematic. Such is the case of the good doctor.
Basic control for four rotor autonomous aerial agent

Aerial robotics provides many practical applications in fields such as search and rescue and surveying. In order to advance the research in aerial robotics, an inexpensive test platform is required. Our four-rotor platform provides researchers with a inexpensive, fully scalable test platform for future studies. Its completely on-board processing removes the need for a virtual tether in the form of a radio transmitter, allowing for completely autonomous operation.
Characterization of DNA Used to Assay Sera for Anti-DNA Antibodies; Determination of the Specificities of Anti-DNA Antibodies in SLE and Non-SLE Rheumatic Disease States

Commercial 14C-labeled KB cell DNA, widely used to assay sera for anti-DNA antibodies, was chromatographed on benzoylated-naphthoylated-DEAE-cellulose (BNDC) and on hydroxyapatite (HAP). On BNDC, only 25% of the 14C label eluted with 1 M NaC1 (KB fraction I) characteristic of ds-DNA. Fifty-five percent of the label eluted with 50% formamide-1 M NaC1 (KB fraction II) characteristic of ss or denatured DNA. On HAP, however, none of the 14C label eluted with 0.2 M phosphate buffer as anticipated for ss-DNA, but, rather, all of the 14C label eluted with 0.4 M phosphate, characteristic of ds-DNA. after pretreatment with S1 endonuclease of Aspergillus oryzae, which selectively digests ss regions, however, 42% of the 14C label was lost from the 0.4 M phosphate peak. These results indicated that more than half of this 14C-KB-cell DNA preparation was ds-DNA with ss regions which was undetectable by HAP chromatography. 3H-ds-DNA and circular 3H-ss-DNA prepared from T7 and phiX174 bacteriophage, respectively, were found to be chromatographically pure on both BNDC and HAP. None of 10 non-SLE sera (rheumatoid arthritis 3, mixed connective tissue disease 4, scleroderma 1, ulcerative colitis 1, and pulmonary fibrosis with chronic active hepatitis 1), previously believed to contain anti-ds-DNA antibodies on the basis of KB cell DNA testing and detectable antibodies against KB fraction 1 or T7 DNA: all of 10 KB cell DNA positive SLE sera had antibodies against both. Additionally, none of the 10 non-SLE sera had antibodies against KB cell DNA when retested with DNA that had been pretreated with S1 endonuclease. Seven of these 10, however, as well as all 10 SLE sera, had antibodies against phiX174 DNA, KB fraction II DNA and alkali-denatured T7 DNA. The data support the conclusions that 1) false positive tests for anti-ds-DNA antibodies can result from contamination of ds-DNA with ds-DNA having ss regions, and 2) non-SLE sera do not contain antibodies specific for ds-DNA at levels comparable to those found in SLE sera but rather contain high levels of antibodies reacting with ss regions or mixed DNA.
Cutting edge: the ontogeny and function of Va14Ja18 natural T lymphocytes require signal processing by protein kinase C theta and NF-kappa B.

The rapid and robust immunoregulatory cytokine response of Va14Ja18 natural T (iNKT) cells to glycolipid Ags determines their diverse functions. Unlike conventional T cells, iNKT lymphocyte ontogeny absolutely requires NF-κB signaling. However, the precise role of NF-κB in iNKT cell function and the identity of upstream signals that activate NF-κB in this T cell subset remain unknown. Using mice in which iNKT cell ontogeny has been rescued despite inhibition of NF-κB signaling, we demonstrate that iNKT cell function requires NF-κB in a lymphocyte-intrinsic manner. Furthermore, the ontogeny of functional iNKT cells requires signaling through protein kinase Cθ, which is dispensable for conventional T lymphocyte development. The unique requirement of protein kinase Cθ implies that signals emanating from the TCR activate NF-κB during iNKT cell development and function. Thus, we conclude that NF-κB signaling plays a crucial role at distinct levels of iNKT cell biology.
FDA Ruling and Nutritionally Focused Menus—Part II: Consumer Effort Versus Nutritional Accuracy in Restaurant Menus

The landmark legislation known as the Labeling Education and Nutrition Act is set to take effect soon as a part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Healthcare Act passed into law in 2011. As a part of the Affordable Care Act of 2011, all restaurant chains with 20 or more units are required to post calorie counts on menus inside the restaurants and drive-thru operations. This legislation is meant to empower consumers with the information required to make healthy choices in an effort to reduce the obesity crisis in the United States. This study investigates three distinct format options for the presentation of nutritional information on drive-thru menus for a typical quick-service establishment. The results indicate that grouping individual menu items into calorie count groups provides the most desirable option from consumers’ perspective. The current findings offer more effective alternatives to the Food and Drug Administration mandated menu formats for drive-thru restaurants.
Enhanced primary dipole transitions in the /sup 89/Y(n,g) reaction

Neutron capture $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays from a $^{89}\mathrm{Y}$ target have been studied for several resonances below 6 keV neutron energy employing a Ge(Li) detector and time-of-flight techniques. The primary $M1$ and $E1$ transitions leading to low-lying states in $^{90}\mathrm{Y}$ show some enhancements. The 3.38-keV resonance (suggested previously as $s$ wave on the basis of the smallness of the total radiation width) is definitely shown to be a $p$-wave resonance through neutron transmission measurements.
Rescue of easily shocked mutant seizure sensitivity in drosophila adults

Genetic factors that influence seizure susceptibility can act transiently during the development of neural circuits or might be necessary for the proper functioning of existing circuits. We provide evidence that the Drosophila seizure-sensitive mutant easily shocked (eas) represents a neurological disorder in which abnormal functioning of existing neural circuits leads to seizure sensitivity. The eas(+) gene encodes for the protein Ethanolamine Kinase, involved in phospholipid biosynthesis. We show that induction of eas(+) in adult mutant flies rescues them from seizure sensitivity despite previously known developmental defects in brain morphology. Additionally, through cell-type-specific rescue, our results suggest a specific role for eas(+) in excitatory rather than inhibitory neural transmission. Overall, our findings emphasize an important role for proper phospholipid metabolism in normal brain function and suggest that certain classes of epilepsy syndromes could have the potential to be treated with gene therapy techniques.
Family Caregivers for People with Dementia and the Role of Occupational Therapy

ABSTRACT. As the population continues to age, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) will increase, along with the number of informal (e.g., family and friends) caregivers needed. The negative physical, mental, and financial impact providing such care has on the caregiver, in addition to the tremendous economic value of their care, has been well documented. Furthermore, the quality of care and the amount of care that is provided has also been shown to influence the overall health and wellbeing of the care receiver and caregiver. The current qualitative, phenomenological study explored the experience of these family caregivers and how occupational therapists can better assist caregivers for people who have dementia. Five themes emerged: Personal Changes, Obstacles/Challenges, Support Network, Emotions, and Healthcare Thoughts. A discussion of the themes and how occupational therapists can assist these caregivers is included.
Chronic Lower Extremity Ischemia

Atherosclerotic occlusive disease is the most common cause of arterial insufficiency. Patients most at risk for this disease are those who have a smoking history (past or current), as well as other atherosclerotic disease processes such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. The strongest correlation is seen with tobacco use; severe disease is rarely seen in the non-tobacco-using patient. Careful history taking is necessary to assess for risk factors and delineate arterial insufficiency from other etiologies that may mimic symptoms and findings. These include peripheral neuropathy, spinal stenosis, radiculopathies, arthritis, and rheumatologic diseases, or a combination thereof. Important information can be elicited that will guide decision making and clinical investigation.
Multiplication of Listeria monocytogenes in a Murine Hepatocyte Cell Line

Listeria monocytogenes was shown to invade and multiply in a murine hepatocyte cell line (ATCC TIB73). Hemolytic and nonhemolytic L. monocytogenes strains exhibited similar abilities to invade hepatocytes, but only hemolytic L. monocytogenes multiplied within this cell line. Microscopic evaluation of monolayers stained with Wright stain demonstrated focal necrosis (plaques) in the hepatocyte monolayers, with large numbers of intracellular listeriae visible within the hepatocytes that lined the margins of these plaques. Murine recombinant interleukin-1 alpha, human recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha, and murine recombinant gamma interferon did not affect the multiplication of L. monocytogenes in the hepatocytes. These data confirm in vivo observations of the intracellular multiplication of L. monocytogenes in hepatic lesions in infected mice.
Poverty Reduction through Fiscal Restructuring: An Application to Thailand

ABSTRACT A method is developed to simulate the impact that changes in the composition of taxes and public expenditures may have on poverty incidence and inequality. The paper then applies this framework to Thailand. We find that significant effects on poverty can be achieved though moderate, once-only redistributions of the total tax burden towards taxes that fall predominantly on the rich, including personal and corporate income taxes, and comparable reallocations of public expenditures towards those that most benefit the poor, including health and agricultural expenditures. Moreover, combining pro-poor reallocations of taxes and expenditures can increase the poverty-reducing capacity of economic growth.
The effect of intravenous growth hormone infusion on cerebrospinal fluid somatostatin levels in the rhesus monkey.

CSF was continuously withdrawn over 13 days from the cervical subarachnoid space of two rhesus monkeys during the intravenous infusion of saline or human growth hormone (GH) and samples collected during sequential 2 h periods were assayed for somatostatin (SRIF). SRIF-like immunoreactivity (SRIF-LI) concentrations were decreased during GH infusion as compared to saline infusion (P < 0.005) and the maximal effect occurred during the hours of darkness (18.00–06.00 h). Since in vivo GH administration stimulates hypothalamic SRIF-LI release, CSF SRIF-LI does not appear to be derived primarily from the hypothalamus but rather from extrahypothalamic brain by a mechanism inhibited by GH.
The formation of an international environmental agreement as a two-stage exclusive cartel formation game with transferable utilities

We construct a two-stage exclusive cartel formation game with utility transfers to model the formation process of an international environmental agreement. Our results show that in the first stage of low degree of consensus, engaging in utility transfers by asymmetric countries will accomplish little. In contrast, in the second stage of higher degree of consensus, it is more likely for asymmetric countries to engage in monetary transfers to form the grand coalition, particularly if a small stable coalition has already been formed in the first stage. This article therefore provides a theoretical perspective to explain why it is more likely for some developed countries to initiate an IEA formation process by forming a small stable coalition first before engaging in monetary transfers to form the grand coalition with all the other countries. Such a perspective is consistent with the historical development of the Montreal Protocol and may also explain the difficulty for asymmetric countries to form the grand coalition at the beginning of the IEA formation process of the Kyoto Protocol.
Acoustic emission monitoring for assessment of prestressed concrete beams

Abstract Acoustic emission (AE) was used to monitor eight prestressed concrete (PC) T-shaped beams that were tested per the ACI 437 cyclic load test (CLT) method. Limited research has examined the validity of this test method for PC structures. The study aims to explore the use of AE for damage evaluation as a supplement to conventional measurements used to assess the condition of a structure based on the CLT acceptance criteria. The beams had different initial conditions: five specimens were pre-cracked and corroded to different corrosion levels while the remaining unconditioned beams served as control specimens. AE enabled to monitor the accumulation of damage during the load tests and damage quantification charts based on AE data are presented. These charts allowed determining load test failure with better sensitivity than the existing ACI 437 evaluation criteria. The charts enabled the assessment of damage regardless of the specimens’ initial condition. In addition, it is shown that accurate damage source location and crack mapping can be achieved by using suitably filtered AE data.
Polygonal Patterned Ground in Central New Jersey

Polygonal patterned ground and associated sediment-filled wedges occur in thin-bedded shale in central New Jersey. During a dry growing season, numerous areas of polygonal ground were visible owing to differential growth of vegetation over the sediment-filled fractures. Construction sites where material was removed from the surface prior to excavation also revealed areas of polygonal ground. Measurements of the patterns show networks of polygons with diameters ranging from about 3 m to over 30 m, with an average of approximately 20 m. The wedges examined in vertical exposures range in depth from 25 to 260 cm (average, 125 cm) and in width from 10 to 240 cm (average, 50 cm). The infilling material of the wedges is mostly a sandy loam, although this material is not homogeneous throughout the wedges. The presence of ventifacts and frosted sand grains within the wedges indicates eolian activity during the formation of these features. The polygonal ground and wedge structures exhibit several characteristics similar to those of ice-wedge casts, and available evidence suggests they may have originated as ice-wedge polygons during the last glacial maximum.
Adult flatfoot/posterior tibial tendon dysfunction: classification and treatment

The authors provide a comprehensive classification and treatment algorithm for the adult flatfoot/posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. As well, the article provides a discussion as to the etiology, biomechanical implications, conservative treatment and surgical pearls of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction.
Applications of Business Analytics in Healthcare.

Abstract The American healthcare system is at a crossroads, and analytics, as an organizational skill, figures to play a pivotal role in its future. As more healthcare systems capture information electronically and begin to collect more novel forms of data, such as human DNA, how will we leverage these resources and use them to improve human health at a manageable cost? In this article, we argue that analytics will play a fundamental role in the transformation of the American healthcare system. However, there are numerous challenges to the application and use of analytics: the lack of data standards, barriers to the collection of high-quality data, and a shortage of qualified personnel to conduct such analyses. There are also multiple managerial issues, such as how to get end users of electronic data to employ it consistently to improve healthcare delivery and how to manage the public reporting and sharing of data. In this article, we explore applications of analytics in healthcare, barriers and facilitators to its widespread adoption, and ways in which analytics can help us achieve the goals of the modern healthcare system: high-quality, responsive, affordable, and efficient care.
The temporal relationship between anxiety disorders and urinary incontinence among community-dwelling adults

Abstract Objective The purpose of this paper was to carefully examine the temporal relationships between anxiety disorders and urinary incontinence among community-dwelling adults. Method In all, 1071 persons aged 30 and over were the continuing participants in a population-based longitudinal study of community-dwelling adults. Participants were classified as incontinent if any uncontrolled urine loss within the 12 months prior to the interview was reported. Condition-specific functional loss secondary to urinary incontinence was further assessed based on a series of questions relating directly to participants’ inability to engage in certain activities due to their urinary incontinence. Anxiety disorders were assessed with standardized interviews keyed to the diagnostic criteria. Results In multivariate models that controlled for potentially influential characteristics the association between urinary incontinence with condition-specific functional loss and newly-incident anxiety disorders was statistically significant (adjusted relative odds (RO) = 2.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.05, 6.20]). Conclusions Urinary incontinence with condition-specific functional loss predicted onset of newly-incident anxiety disorders among community-dwelling adults.
Plasma Zinc Levels in Nephrectomized and Ureteral Ligated Rats

SummaryThe effect of nephrectomy and ureteral ligation on the plasma zinc levels of zinc-supplemented and unsupplemented rats was studied. Bilateral nephrectomy, and to a greater extent bilateral ureteral ligation, resulted in a significant lowering of plasma zinc in the unsupplemented rats. Sham operation caused a lesser but significant lowering of plasma zinc which was not different from the effect of unilateral nephrectomy or unilateral ureteral ligation. Adding zinc to the drinking fluid of the bilateral nephrectomized rats raised their plasma zinc levels to that of sham-operated controls, but had no effect on the plasma zinc levels of the bilateral ureteral-ligated rats.We thank Mr. Antonio B. Ogo for his technical assistance.
Identification of enoxacin as an inhibitor of osteoclast formation and bone resorption by structure-based virtual screening.

An interaction between the B2 subunit of vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) and microfilaments is required for osteoclast bone resorption. An atomic homology model of the actin binding site on B2 was generated and molecular docking simulations were performed. Enoxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, was identified and in vitro testing demonstrated that enoxacin blocked binding between purified B2 and microfilaments. Enoxacin dose dependently reduced the number of osteoclasts differentiating in mouse marrow cultures stimulated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, as well as markers of osteoclast activity, and the number of resorption lacunae formed on bone slices. Enoxacin inhibited osteoclast formation at concentrations where osteoblast formation was not altered. In summary, enoxacin is a novel small molecule inhibitor of osteoclast bone resorption that acts by an unique mechanism and is therefore an attractive lead molecule for the development of a new class of antiosteoclastic agents.
Indicators of social change in rural Sweden in the late nineteenth century

Abstract Parish registers offer the student of history a wealth of information about the everyday lives of ordinary people in the past. Historical demographers in particular have made extensive use of these materials, and our understanding of the dynamics of local populations in pre-industrial Europe has increased greatly during the last twenty-five years. In addition to the basic demographic data on marriages, baptisms and burials, however, parish registers commonly contain other information which can shed light on social behaviour. Using the exceptionally rich Swedish records, this paper explores some ways in which material of this kind may be used to assess the extent and rate of social change in particular localities at particular times.
Susceptibility of interconfiguration-fluctuation compounds

We present a simple model for the magnetic susceptibility of rare-earth compounds which exhibit interconfiguration fluctuations (ICF). It is shown that the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of several ICF Yb compounds can be fitted quantitatively, assuming an energy separation ${E}_{\mathrm{ex}}$ between the two configurations and an intrinsic lifetime $\ensuremath{\tau}$ due to the $4f$-shell-conduction-electron interaction. With the parameters ${E}_{\mathrm{ex}}$ and $\ensuremath{\tau}$ obtained from such fits it is possible to predict the temperature dependence of the valence.
Gender, refugee status and permanent settlement.

This article examines how gender is implicated in the stages of defining a refugee, the refugee determination process, and the act of final settlement. After a general overview, specific details are presented for Canada. Canada admits refugees for the purpose of permanent settlement, and it has been the first on the international scene to develop gender-sensitive guidelines and to participate in the process of resettling women at risk of harm. However, data show that women are under-represented in the humanitarian-based flows to Canada. When they enter Canada, they are more likely than men to be married and to enter as spouses rather than as principal applicants.
Design and Construction of a Solar-Powered Fluidyne Test Bed

Liquid piston Stirling engines (sometimes termed “fluidynes”) have been studied extensively and applied in a variety of energy conversion applications. They are attractive for low capital costs and simplicity of construction. In addition, their operation as external combustion engines allows for flexibility in primary energy sources which is a distinct advantage when a low-cost or free source of heat can be paired with their minimal construction costs. Disadvantages of these devices include relatively low efficiency and low power density. A solar-powered fluidyne test bed was constructed and operated at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs. This test bed was composed of a fluidyne engine which was constructed from copper pipe and plastic tubing along with temperature and pressure instrumentation. The system was designed to be powered by a Fresnel lens concentrating solar energy. The concentrated solar energy from the Fresnel lens provided ample power to operate the test bed, and tests were run in a wide variety of conditions. Indicated work of this unloaded engine was shown to agree well with a simple theoretical model of a Stirling cycle.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Animal models in autoimmune diseases: lessons learned from mouse models for Sjögren's syndrome.

The mouse model is the one of the most frequently used and well-established animal models, and is currently used in many research areas. To date, various mouse models have been utilized to elucidate underlying causes of multifactorial autoimmune conditions, including pathological immune components and specific signaling pathways. This review summarizes the more recent mouse models for Sjogren’s syndrome, a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration in the exocrine glands, such as the salivary and lacrimal glands, and loss of secretory function, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes in patients. Although every Sjogren’s syndrome mouse model resembles the major symptoms or phenotypes of Sjogren’s syndrome conditions in humans, the characteristics of each model are variable. Moreover, to date, there is no single mouse model that can completely replicate the human conditions. However, unique features of each mouse model provide insights into the roles of potential etiological and immunological factors in the development and progression of Sjogren’s syndrome. Here, we will overview the Sjogren’s syndrome mouse models. Lessons from these mouse models will aid us to understand underlying immune dysregulation in autoimmune diseases in general, and will guide us to direct future research towards appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Epidemiology of emergency department visits for opioid overdose: a population-based study.

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the rate of emergency department (ED) visits for opioid overdose and to examine whether frequent ED visits for opioid overdose are associated with more hospitalizations, near-fatal events, and health care spending. Patients and Methods Retrospective cohort study of adults with at least 1 ED visit for opioid overdose between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2011, derived from population-based data of State Emergency Department Databases and State Inpatient Databases for 2 large and diverse states: California and Florida. Main outcome measures were hospitalizations for opioid overdose, near-fatal events (overdose involving mechanical ventilation), and hospital charges during the year after the first ED visit. Results The analytic cohort comprised 19,831 unique patients with 21,609 ED visits for opioid overdose. During a 1-year period, 7% (95% CI, 7%-7%; n=1389 patients) of the patients had frequent (2 or more) ED visits, accounting for 15% (95% CI, 14%-15%; n=3167) of all opioid overdose ED visits. Middle age, male sex, public insurance, lower household income, and comorbidities (such as chronic pulmonary disease and neurological diseases) were associated with frequent ED visits (all P Conclusion In this population-based cohort, we found that frequent ED visits for opioid overdose were associated with a higher likelihood of future hospitalizations and near-fatal events.
Contraint-Based Combinators for Local Search

One of the most appealing features of constraint programming is its rich constraint language for expressing combinatorial optimization problems. This paper demonstrates that traditional combinators from constraint programming have natural counterparts for local search, although their underlying computational model is radically different. In particular, the paper shows that constraint combinators, such as logical and cardinality operators, reification, and first-class expressions can all be viewed as differentiable objects. These combinators naturally support elegant and efficient modelings, generic search procedures, and partial constraint satisfaction techniques for local search. Experimental results on a variety of applications demonstrate the expressiveness and the practicability of the combinators.
New vaccine development.

Vaccines are hailed as one of the most important public health achievements of the 20th century.1 In the next five to 15 years, new vaccines and new vaccine delivery technology will fundamentally change how clinicians prevent and treat disease, with a substantial impact on public health. This review describes recent developments in the basic science underpinning the development of new vaccines and summarises the potential of these vaccines to treat and prevent a wide range of infectious and non-infectious diseases.2–5 In addition, research is being carried out on much needed vaccines for the developing world for diseases such as malaria, hookworm, dengue, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli , shigella, and tuberculosis, but these are beyond the scope of this brief review. #### Summary points New prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines will prevent and potentially cure disease by providing people with the necessary immunological tools Advances in current vaccines such as conjugated pneumococcal vaccines for adults, nasal spray vaccines for influenza, and adult acellular pertussis vaccines will provide an efficient way to produce longlasting protective immunity Development of vaccines against non-infectious diseases (such as cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease) and nicotine and cocaine dependence will provide alternative treatments Vaccines against biological weapons will be possible by advances in DNA vaccines New vaccine delivery technology will provide easier delivery routes (such as transcutaneous, depot, nasal, and oral delivery) without compromising efficacy We searched PubMed and Medline databases (1995-2001), as well as our own libraries, for articles of relevance to this brief review. ### Development of DNA vaccines One approach generating great interest is that of inducing protective immune responses by injecting engineered DNA sequences from infectious organisms against which protection is desired. If an antigen can be identified it is possible to insert the DNA sequence coding for the protein antigen into a carrier genome (such as several of …
A widely expressed novel C2H2 zinc-finger protein with multiple consensus phosphorylation sites is conserved in mouse and man

We have cloned a murine cDNA whose deduced sequence encodes a 455-amino-acid (aa) zinc-finger protein (Zfp), PZf (penta Zf protein). Sequence analysis shows that PZf has multiple phosphorylation consensus sites for casein kinase II and protein kinase C in its N-terminal portion. This region (aa 1 to 197), which does not share significant homology to known aa sequences, has a number of charged (39 Glu, 15 Asp, 23 Lys, 22 Arg) and hydroxyl (20 Ser, 12 Thr) aa. This potentially phosphorylatable region is followed by five C2H2 Zf in the middle of the protein. The Pzf gene is transcribed as a 5-kb mRNA in all murine tissues examined. The human genome also seems to contain one or more Pzf-related genes.
A MODEL TO BUILD COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH OR EDUCATIONAL TEAMS OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS IN GERONTOLOGY

We present a five‐stage model of collaboration that draws on key constructs from social exchange theory and the literature on team building. The constructs of social exchange, negotiation, role differentiation, and an environment of trust structure the activities that occur in each stage of the model and provide a systematic, theoretically grounded approach to the formation of collaborative research or educational teams. The model pairs academic faculty and health care practitioners with unique areas of gerontological expertise, clinical skill, and other complementary resources. Individuals form a group and work cooperatively to develop and implement a research or educational project in aging. The linkages facilitate the formation of projects that represent the integration of theoretical or academic knowledge with applied or practice‐based mastery regarding older adults and their health care needs. The model ensures that projects are based on substantive gerontological knowledge and reflect the real‐life ...
Dissociation and Inhibition of the Stimulatory Effect of Phytohaemagglutinin on Protein and DNA Synthesis in Human Lymphocyte Cultures

PHYTOHAEMAGGLUTININ (PHA) stimulates both DNA1 and protein synthesis2 by human peripheral white blood cells in tissue culture. Evidence to be presented indicates that this phenomenon is partly dependent on serum factors. The maximum synthesis of these two macromolecules in stimulated cultures occurs at different concentrations of serum in the tissue culture medium. In addition, increases in the concentration of serum beyond that which provided for maximal synthesis resulted in inhibition of the PHA stimulation on both DNA and protein synthesis. Variation in the serum content of unstimulated cultures had no significant effect on the synthesis of these substances. These results were independent of the source of serum, that is, whether autologous, homologoiis or heterologous.
ortho-Bis(cyanomercurio)tetrafluorobenzene as a Bidentate Lewis Acid Co-catalyst in the Cyanosilylation of Benzaldehyde

Reaction of o-C6F4(HgCl)2 (1), m-C6F4(HgCl)2 (2), C6F5HgCl (3), and C6F4H(HgCl) (4) with TMSCN in MeCN affords the corresponding organomercury cyanide derivatives o-C6F4(HgCN)2 (5), m-C6F4(HgCN)2 (6), C6F5HgCN (7), and C6F4H(HgCN) (8), respectively. These compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, 1H, 13C, 19F, and 199Hg NMR, and IR spectroscopy. The infrared spectra of 5−8 display a cyanide stretching band in the range 2170−2183 cm-1, while their 199Hg NMR chemical shifts are all within the range −1170 to −1250 ppm. The crystal structures of [2·DMF], [5·MeCOH], [5·PhCOH], and 8 have been determined. In [2·DMF], the DMF molecule acts as a terminal ligand and coordinates one of the mercury centers through the formation of a Hg−O bond of 2.746(14) A. A similar situation is encountered in [5·MeCOH] and [5·PhCOH], wherein the aldehyde ligand is terminally ligated to one of the mercury centers through a Hg−O bond of 2.855(19) and 3.009(12) A, respectively. In these compounds, the neighboring mole...
A Sub-Hertz Vibration Isolation Platform for a Deep Space Optical Communication Transceiver

Mechanical resonators have been extensively used to provide vibration isolation for ground based, airborne, and spaceborne payloads. At low frequency, the effectiveness of these isolation systems is determined mainly by designing a mechanical oscillator with the lowest resonant frequency achievable. The Low Frequency Vibration Isolation Platform (LFVIP) reduces the resonant frequency of the mechanical oscillators into the sub-hertz region to maximize the passive isolation. This mechanical system, which has been expressly designed to isolate spacecraft vibrations from a compact deep space optical communication terminal, is based on the Stewart platform topology. Furthermore, the LFVIP provides tip/tilt functionality for acquisition and tracking of an optical beacon signal. An active control system is used for the DC positioning of the platform and the damping of the resonance of the mechanical oscillator. A summary of the LFVIP system, including analysis design, and preliminary results is presented.
Our Most Unusual Activity: Want To Go on a Mole Hunt?

The Student Affiliate chapter of the American Chemical Society at the University of Texas of the Permian Basin has undergone a two-year revitalization from a chapter with low activity to one that has won several awards in the past two years. Although many of our activities are the same as those of other student affiliate chapters, our most unusual activity was a one-of-a-kind Mole Hunt held during a Mole Day celebration. After lunch and a guacamole contest, students paired up for a scavenger hunt that dealt with moles. The student pairs were given a check-off sheet (32jr1897,pdf) with a list of tasks to be completed at the six ‘stations.’ The Mole Hunt included such items as measuring moles of a gas, liquid, solute in a solution, and a powdered solid. Definitions were included of words containing either mol or mole; these involved biology, geography, history, and literary terms. At one station, the students identified a molecular model, used calculators or computers to solve some mole-related problems, and used computers or reference books to find information about molybdenum. Some proper names containing mol were given, and the students had to match them to the proper description. The Mole Hunt was a great success, and even somewhat educational!
QUANTUM REALITY, THE EMERGENCE OF COMPLEX ORDER FROM VIRTUAL STATES, AND THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE UNIVERSE

. I review some characteristic aspects of quantum reality and make the connection to Pierre Teilhard de Chardin's vision and a generally new quantum perspective of biological evolution. The quantum phenomena make it possible to conclude that the basis of the material world is nonmaterial; that the nature of reality is that of an indivisible wholeness; and that elementary particles possess aspects of consciousness in a rudimentary way. The quantum perspective of evolution makes it possible to conclude that the emergence of complex order in the biosphere is not from nothing (ex nihilo) but by the actualization of virtual quantum states—that is, by actualizing empty states which are part of the mathematical structure of material systems, representing a logical order that is not real in a material sense but, predetermined by system conditions, has the potential to become real in quantum jumps. I show how the existence of virtual states makes it possible to suggest that a transcendent reality underlies the visible order of the world and is immanent to it; and constantly new forms evolve from it.
Performance of Large Digital Flash Chambers

Large free standing plastic flash chamber modules with 10 alternating X, Y planes have been constructed using extruded polypropylene sheets. The flash chamber cell readout is accomplished via capacitive coupling using an etched pickup strip on a printed circuit board. The resulting signal is latched into a digital shift register, and is read out via CAMAC through a micro-computer. Data required for the design and operation of this digital flash chamber system has been collected.
Zine-Making as a Pedagogical Tool for Transformative Learning in Social Work Education

As a collaborative endeavor between teacher and student, we reflect on the process of creating and sharing social justice oriented zines in our classroom. Zines can be used as a pedagogical tool for awareness, education, empowerment and transformation. Created in the form of self-published work of original and/or appropriated texts and images, zines are usually presented in small booklet format in a variety of ways, from computer-printed text to comics to handwritten text. When shared, they represent a subversive form of media to deconstruct stereotypes and hegemonic representations perpetuated by mainstream media. Through our classroom project, we found that zines provided an opportunity for creative expression, connection and collaboration. As an experiential technique, they can serve to raise student self-awareness and allow for a broader understanding of power hierarchies. As a direct action tool they can be useful for promoting active class participation in the movement for social justice. We advocat...
Effect of pH on the rotational conformations of 1,3‐diamino‐2‐hydroxypropane

The effect of pH on the rotational conformations of 1,3-diamino-2-hydroxypropane in aqueous solution was investigated by proton NMR. Both the observed chemical shifts and coupling constants were used to calculate experimental pK_a values. The observed couplings were correlated with the expected couplings for the various possible staggered conformations to try to determine the pattern of conformations for the diamine and its conjugate acids. The best fits suggested a modest preference for the gauche–gauche conformation, especially at low pH, where the diprotonated hydroxydiamine predominates. In methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide and trichloromethane solutions, it was only possible to evaluate the conformational equilibria of the diamine. Slow proton exchange, which caused uncertainties in both chemical shifts and couplings for the monoprotonated and unprotonated diamine, nullified efforts to determine whether or not hydrogen bonding was important for these species in less polar solvents.
Analyzing pulsatile endocrine data in patients with chronic renal failure: a brief review of deconvolution techniques.

Deconvolution analysis provides an important new technique to evaluate underlying hormone secretory rates quantitatively based upon serially measured plasma hormone concentrations with or without prior knowledge of the half-time of hormone disappearance from the blood. Information about endocrine glandsecretion is particularly important in chronic renal failure, wherein the decreased metabolic clearance rates of various hormones would otherwise confound the interpretation of plasma hormone concentrations. Here we review two particularly useful techniques of deconvolution, one of which is a waveformdefined algorithm and the other waveform independent. The first method can be used to estimate both hormone half-life and secretory rates in vivo. The second methodology allows calculation of in vivo hormone secretion rates without assuming any special form for the secretion event, but requires a priori knowledge of hormone half-life. We illustrate examples of these two deconvolution approaches, and discuss why the interpretations of hormone concentration measurements in earlier studies (where deconvolution methods were not employed) must be viewed with caution. Based on such considerations, additional investigations of in vivo hormone secretory pathophysiology will be required in children and adults with chronic renal failure.
Fock-Tani transformation and a first-order theory of charge transfer

A unitary (Fock-Tani) transformation of the second-quantized Hamiltonian breaks the interaction into its component parts, e.g., elastic scattering, inelastic scattering, rearrangement interaction, etc. The interaction for a particular process is ``weaker'' than the overall interaction; this is reflected in certain orthogonality corrections which appear in a perturbation expansion of the T-matrix element. As a result, the internuclear potential makes a negligible contribution of order ${m}_{e}$/${m}_{p}$ to the first-order amplitude for charge transfer. We find very good agreement with experimental and the best available theoretical results for the total cross section for the reaction p+H(1s)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}H(1s)+p for energies greater than 10 keV and for the differential cross section at 25, 60, and 125 keV in an angular range of \ensuremath{\sim}1 mrad about the forward direction.
Toward successful institutional repositories: Listening to IR staff's experiences

This poster presents a study of what is required to plan, implement, maintain, and sustain successful institutional repositories (IRs). This study is part of the MIRACLE (Making Institutional Repositories a Collaborative Learning Environment) Project, which aims to identify the factors contributing to the success of IRs and effective ways of accessing and using repositories. The data for this study were collected through telephone interviews with IR managers and staff members. Interviews focused on participants' motivations, experiences, and viewpoints in regard to IRs, among other IR deployment issues. The transcriptions of interviews were analyzed using content analysis. The findings indicate that IRs are more than the sum of their component parts (i.e., collections, systems, policies, staff, contributors, and end-users); rather, they are a knowledge sharing and content management tool that works together with other types of open access infrastructure in colleges and universities.
Zona dissection by infrared laser: developmental consequences in the mouse, technical considerations, and controlled clinical trial

Infrared laser systems are currently being marketed for application in clinical zona pellucida dissection. However, these systems have undergone only limited animal testing and minor clinical trials that lacked proper controls. Two of these systems have been evaluated in protocols that addressed potential detrimental effects on embryonic development in the mouse. Exaggerated large openings were made in the zona pellucida of 8-16 cell mouse embryos. Embryonic development and subsequent implantation and viability were assessed. A definite negative effect on these parameters was observed following the use of one of these systems. Following this animal trial, the second system was evaluated in a clinical trial for assisted hatching and embryo biopsy. Laser dissection was directly compared with the standard zona drilling using acidified Tyrode's solution. While no significant difference was evident between the two protocols, it was felt that laser dissection presented some problems in both consistency between operators and in the efficacy of subsequent manipulations such as blastomere biopsy and fragment removal. These results argue that laser zona dissection is far from a simple technique and should be carefully evaluated before any clinical application is made.
Reactions of sulphonyl peroxyl radicals with DNA and its components: hydrogen abstraction from the sugar backbone versus addition to pyrimidine double bonds

The reactions of sulphonyl peroxyl radicals with DNA and its components at low temperatures are investigated through use of electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Radiolysis of cysteine sulphinic acid solution in oxygenated aqueous 5 moldm- 3 LiCl glass has been employed to generate sulphonyl peroxyl radicals, CysSO 2OO. The mechanism of production is a two-step process involving the oxidation of the sulphinate (CysSO 2-) to the sulphonyl radical (CysSO 2) by radiolytically produced Cl 2- followed by oxygen addition to CysSO2. Sulphonyl peroxyls are shown to be reactive towards DNA and nucleotides in low temperature glasses, giving rise to carbon-based peroxyl radicals. However, of the DNA bases only thymine was found to react readily. The thymine methyl group contains a relatively weak C-H bond which makes it easily abstractable. DNA nucleosides and nucleotides are likely attacked by CysSO 2OO by abstraction from the sugar C-H bonds. The C(1) position of deoxyribose ring of model nucleosides is suggested ...
Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens by hypothalamic stimulation-escape behavior

It is known that lateral hypothalamic stimulation or self-stimulation can release dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). The present experiment illustrates that an aversively motivated behavior can also do this. Rats were prepared with microdialysis probes in the NAc and electrodes in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) or medial hypothalamus (MH). Automatic stimulation of the LH increased extracellular dopamine in the NAc 30% as reported earlier. The animals would perform both self-stimulation to turn the current on and stimulation-escape to turn it off, suggesting a combination of reward and aversion. Escape responding increased extracellular dopamine (DA) 100%, even though there was less total stimulation. Automatic stimulation of the MH did the opposite of the LH by decreasing accumbens dopamine (-20%), and the animals would only perform stimulation-escape, indicative of pure aversion. But again, extracellular DA in the NAc increased 100% during escape responding. Thus DA can be released during negative reinforcement when an animal's behavior is reinforced by escape from lateral or medial hypothalamic stimulation. This suggests that DA release was correlated with stimulation-escape behavior, rather than the aversiveness of automatic stimulation.
Dempster-Shafer theory and connections to information theory

The Dempster-Shafer theory is founded on probability theory. The entire machinery of probability theory, and that of measure theory, is at one’s disposal for the understanding and the extension of the Dempster-Shafer theory. It is well known that information theory is also founded on probability theory. Claude Shannon developed, in the 1940’s, the basic concepts of the theory and demonstrated their utility in communications and coding. Shannonian information theory is not, however, the only type of information theory. In the 1960’s and 1970’s, further developments in this field were made by French and Italian mathematicians. They developed information theory axiomatically, and discovered not only the Wiener- Shannon composition law, but also the hyperbolic law and the Inf-law. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the mathematical connections between the Dempster Shafer theory and the various types of information theory. A simple engineering example will be used to demonstrate the utility of the concepts.