cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ethnic variations in diagnosis, treatment, socioeconomic status, and survival in a large population-based cohort of elderly patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

BACKGROUND. There is a lack of research on ethnic disparities in survival among patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), although these disparities have been documented for patients with many other tumors. METHODS. A retrospective cohort of 13,321 patients diagnosed with incident NHL at age ≥65 years from 1992 to 1999 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database with 11 years of follow-up. Of these patients, 11,868 were Caucasians, 533 were African Americans, and 920 were other ethnicities. A time-to-event Cox regression model was used to examine the relative risk of all-cause and disease-specific mortality. RESULTS. A larger proportion (72.2%) of African Americans were in the poorest quartile of socioeconomic status as measured by the poverty level compared with 21.8% of Caucasians, and 43.2% of African Americans received chemotherapy compared with 52.4% of Caucasians (P < .01). Hazard ratio of all-cause and NHL-specific mortality increased significantly with age, advanced stage, higher comorbidity scores, and poorer socioeconomic status. Patients receiving either chemotherapy or radiotherapy or both were significantly less likely to die. After taking into account differences in treatment, comorbidity, and socioeconomic status, there was no statistically significant difference in the risk of all-cause (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.88-1.08) and disease-specific mortality (hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 0.92-1.25) between African Americans and Caucasians. CONCLUSIONS. The risk of mortality in patients with NHL was associated with socioeconomic status and was reduced in patients receiving chemotherapy. No significant differences in the risk of mortality were observed between African Americans and Caucasians after controlling for factors such as treatment and socioeconomic status. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Obstacles to addressing professional misconduct

Abstract The Ethical Principles exhort psychologists “to encourage ethical behavior by students, supervisees, employees, and colleagues, as appropriate” (American Psychological Association, 1992, p. 1599). In spite of a clear directive to attempt resolution of unethical conduct by colleagues, research indicates that satisfactory resolution or actual reporting of misconduct is infrequent. This paper will address some of the forces that discourage psychologists from dealing responsibly and appropriately with professional misconduct by colleagues. The goals of this paper are to promote understanding of factors that interfere with the effective resolution of ethical misconduct, to identify possible signs of reluctance to address misconduct, and to propose strategies to combat those forces that keep us in silent collusion with colleagues who engage in unethical practices. A flowchart of steps for addressing possible misconduct by a colleague is provided, and educational, organizational, and professional considerations are discussed.
The importance of mechanical scrubbing in magnetite-concentrate reverse-flotation

Abstract Getting magnetite concentrate with extremely high Fe grade using reverse flotation method has become increasingly important due to the enhanced requirement of iron making industry. The coagulation in magnetite-concentrate flotation system may impose negative effect on flotation performance. This paper combined the DLVO calculation and microscope observation to study the coagulation behavior in the system. The result shows that the coagulation between fine magnetite and coarse silica particle is very likely to occur with energy barrier 1.5 × 10 −18 J at pH 10.0, which is much smaller than 1.6 × 10 −17 J and 3.3 × 10 −17 J for fine magnetite and fine magnetite-coarse magnetite particles. The coating of fine magnetite particle on silica surface was observed under microscope. Mechanical scrubbing increases the concentrate Fe grade and recovery by 1.5% and 8.5% respectively. Magnetite concentrate of 67.9% Fe grade and 71.5% Fe recovery was finally obtained.
Partitioning model for competitive host-guest complexation in ESI-MS.

Mathematical models based on equilibrium partitioning theory were developed to relate ion abundances produced by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with solution concentrations of complexes resulting from competitive host−guest binding. Through modeling the possible equilibria in the electrospray droplets, including the partitioning between the droplet surface and interior that dictate what ions are generated by an electrospray, the factors responsible for distorting the distribution of ions from their solution concentrations were evaluated. Experiments with crown ether−alkali metal complexes confirm the validity of the models and yield a greater understanding of the behavior of host−guest complexes in ESI-MS, allowing for more accurate and less trouble-prone measurements of solution binding interactions.
Quantitative studies on the infectivity of ribonucleic acid from partially purified and highly purified poliovirus preparations.

Abstract The method of preparation of infectious ribonucleic acid (RNA) from poliovirus and the factors that influence its degree of infectivity for cells in monolayers have been examined in some detail in an attempt to discover why the efficiency of RNA infection was so low. It was found that isolated RNA was quite stable to both phenol and ether extraction, suggesting that there is little degradation of RNA from the procedures used. The isolation of highly infectious RNA preparations from very pure virus demonstrates that its source can be the intact virus particle. A number of factors were found that influenced the efficiency of RNA in infecting human cells in monolayers. The exposure of host cells to hypertonic salt solutions prior to seeding increased their susceptibility to RNA infection to a significant degree. The salt concentration and pH of the RNA inoculum showed the most striking effect. Under optimum conditions the number of plaques formed was found to be directly proportional to the input of RNA. The maximum plaque-forming efficiency of RNA preparations was 1.0% of the virus from which they were removed.
Wireless carts: an inexpensive education and research platform

As part of a complete wireless networking education, students must have an in-depth understanding of basic concepts such as signal propagation, environmental effects on RF signals, FCC regulations and limits, power levels, antenna construction and antenna operation. Lecture based curricula can only go so far in preparing a wireless professional to succeed in industry. To be complete, the student must have practical experience.Our wireless coursework is comprised of three courses, the first of which is a wireless concepts course. This course has a significant hands-on component that requires students to understand the tools while applying what they are learning about the physical layer and basic network operation. The students engage in two very large projects; a wireless building survey and signal propagation testing using specialized equipment.As part of the projects, students create a series of experiments with a variety of equipment and provide useable test data. Examples of the tests include interference, Fresnel zone effects, throughput, range and the effects of multi-path on signals. However, in the presence of an increasing number of wireless networks, obtaining real world, reliable data illustrating the various physical layer phenomena is difficult. Our solution was to build several wireless carts outfitted with various antennas, transmission equipment from different portions of the spectrum and that used different encoding or modulation techniques. In addition, a major requirement was that the carts be able to operate away from infrastructure support, including AC power.The carts have enabled students to isolate themselves from other wireless signals and have provided an extremely adaptive platform for experiments and projects. This paper will describe the coursework, projects, functions, costs, lessons learned and the data gathered as a result of their deployment.
Analytic surgery and the eta invariant

Let (M, h) be an odd-dimensional compact spin manifold in whichH is an embedded hypersurface with quadratic defining functionx 2∈C ∞ (M). Let be the Dirac operator associated to the metric jhen where ∈>0 is a parameter. The limiting metric,g 0, is an exact b-metric on the compact manifold with boundary $$\overline M $$ obtained by cuttingM alongH and compactifying as a manifold with boundary, i.e. it givesM/H asymptotically cylindrical ends with cross-section $$\partial \overline M $$ , a double cover ofH. Under the assumption that the induced Dirac operator on this double cover is invertible we show that where is the ‘b’ version of the eta invariant introduced in [Me1],r 1(∈) andr 2(∈) are smooth, vanish at ∈=0 and are integrals of local geometric data, and where $$\tilde \eta ( \in )$$ is the finite dimensional eta invariant, or signature, for the small eigenvalues of . If is invertible then $$\tilde \eta ( \in ) \equiv 0$$ and Even if is not invertible this holds in ℝ/ℤ. In fact the discussion takes place more naturally in the context of the generalized Dirac operators associated to Hermitian Clifford modules. These results are proved by analyzing the resolvent family of , uniformly away from the spectrum and near zero. This leads to a precise description of the behaviour of the small eigenvalues. The corresponding ‘heat calculus’ is also constructed. It contains, and hence describes rather precisely, the heat kernel for uniformly as ∈→0. This calculus is related to, but different from, the surgery pseudodifferential operator calculus of McDonald ([Mc]).
Effect of propofol on memory in mice

Abstract The amnestic effects of the intravenous hypnotic anesthetic agent 2,6-diisopropylphenol (propofol; Diprivan) were studied in a single-trial passive avoidance task. Mice were injected with propofol 10 min before or immediately after training. Memory was impaired in a dose-dependent fashion when the anesthetic was administered before learning, but no amnesia was apparent with posttraining injections. Examination of the acquisition of passice avoidance using a multitrial task showed that propofol-treated mice learned the response normally but forgot the learning significantly faster than vehicle-treated controls. The anterograde amnesia was not the result of state-dependent learning. Propofol also disrupted extinction of fear conditioning when the anesthetic was given during the extinction session. Propofol-induced amnesia could be attenuated by amphetamine (1 mg/kg) injected 30 min befoee the retention test.
A sharp conditon for existence of a solution for a fourth order boundary value problem

Let be a function satisfying Caratheodorś conditions and , This paper is concerned with the problem of existence of a solution for the boundary value problem A sharp condition for the existence of a solution of the above boundary value problem is given, using some Wirtinger type inequalites for ([0,1]) with .
Regulation of multidrug resistance through the cAMP and EGF signalling pathways

The development of cross-resistance to many natural product anticancer drugs, termed multidrug resistance (MDR), is a serious limitation to cancer chemotherapy. MDR is often associated with overexpression of the MDR1 gene product, P-glycoprotein, a multifunctional drug transporter. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate the transcriptional activation of MDR1 may afford a means of reducing or eliminating MDR. We have found that MDR1 expression can be modulated by type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). This suggests that MDR may be modulated by selectively downregulating PKA activity to effect inhibition of PKA-dependent trans-activating factors which may be involved in MDR1 transcription. High levels of type I PKA occur in primary breast carcinomas and patients exhibiting this phenotype show decreased survival. The selective type I PKA inhibitors, 8-Cl-cAMP and Rp8-Cl-cAMP[S], may be particularly useful for downregulating PKA, and inhibit transient expression of a reporter gene under the control of MDR1 promoter elements. Thus, investigations of the signalling pathways involved in transcriptional regulation of MDR1 may lead to a greater understanding of the mechanisms governing the expression of MDR and provide a focus for pharmacological intervention.
Field ion microscope observations of the three-fold slmmetric dissociation of 12a〈111〉 screl dislocations in mollbdenum

Abstract A field ion microscope (FIM) studl has been performed of the dislocation structure lhich exists in the {222} planes and environs of mollbdenum specimens. The dislocation structure allals consisted of three-fold slmmetric dissociated 1 2 a〈111〉 screl dislocations lhich emerged normal to the {222} planes. Emploling the pulsed field evaporation technilue it las sholn that the dissociated dislocation structure consisted of a ka〈111〉 tlpe partial screl dislocation (lhere k is a constant) lhich emerged normal to the {222} planes and three stacking faults on the {110} planes that intersected one another along a 〈111〉 tlpe direction. The three stacking faults exhibited three-fold slmmetrl about the 〈111〉 tlpe vector. This represents the first experimental observation of a three-fold slmmetric dissociated 1 2 a〈111〉 screl dislocation in anl bodl-centered cubic metal. The dislocation structure las produced insitu in the FIM specimen at a specimen temperature of less than 30 K as a result of the mollbdenum specimen lielding to electric field induced shear stresses. It is pointed out that the observations are so far tlpical to the FIM and that the exact role plaled bl the electric field induced stresses, surface image effect and the small tip sile on dislocation geometrl remain to be determined.
Entropy Production Rates From Viscous Flow Calculations: Part I — A Turbulent Boundary Layer Flow

A procedure for obtaining entropy production rates from viscous flow calculations is described. The method is based on process thermodynamics; it allows loss production to be calculated in “irreversible equilibrium processes.”The two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer of Samuel and Joubert is considered. Mean rates of entropy production are evaluated from measured data using rates of dissipation and rates of increase of turbulence kinetic energy. Calculations performed with the Moore Cascade Flow Program give good agreement with mean rates of entropy production and reveal details of the distribution of entropy production throughout the boundary layer. This method is used in Part II to reveal loss sources in calculations for a rectangular elbow.Copyright © 1983 by ASME
Of human dental plaque bacteria, Actinomyces viscosus accelerates immunoglobulin A protease secretion in Streptococcus sanguis.

Abstract Streptococcus sanguis and A. viscosus were co-cultured in a dialysis system containing tryptic soy broth. Strep. sanguis grown in the presence of A. viscosus produced 2–3 times the extracellular immunoglobulin A (IgA) protease during logarithmic growth compared to control cultures dialysing against sterile medium or an identical Strep. sanguis culture. In stationary phase the reverse was observed; IgA protease activity in Strep. sanguis/A. viscosus co-culture dropped within 2 h to about one half its peak value while the activity of the controls remained constant.
A statewide information databases program: what difference does it make to academic libraries?

The Oklahoma Department of Libraries (ODL) launched Oklahoma's statewide database program in 1997. For the state's academic libraries, the program extended access to information, increased database use, and fostered positive relationships among ODL, academic libraries, and Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education (OSRHE), creating a more promising environment for statewide cooperation.
Atropine dissociates complexes of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and guanine nucleotide-binding protein in heart membranes

Complexes of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) are formed in the presence of the agonist carbachol. The complexes remain stable after removal of agonist, and survive subsequent solubilization from cardiac membranes and purification. Dissociation of the receptor from the G protein occurs when the antagonist atropine is added following removal of agonist. This is the first direct demonstration of destabilization of receptor—G protein complexes by the binding of an antagonist.
Long-term technological development in commercial aircraft

Abstract Sahal tested two hypothesis in his initial investigation of long-term technological development. These two hypothesis are learning by doing and scale of utilization . Sahal framed both hypothesis in a derived Gompertz form. He subsequently suggested the use of the Koyck form for the learning hypothesis, as well. He did not use it, however, because of relatively untractable correction difficulties that arise when estimating with it. This study refines Sahal's methodology and investigative procedure. It significantly fails to empirically disconfirm either long-term hypothesis in both the Gompertz and Koyck form. This is a result that, generally speaking, Sahal's work did not achieve. The artifacts the long-term technological development of which this study investigates are the commercial aircraft of what basically constitutes the old domestic trunk organization and the diesel-electric rail locomotives of the Class I roads. Upon establishing the explanatory significance of Sahal's hypothesis, this study generates acceptable forecasts of further technological development. Finally, this study compares learning's impact on the pace of technological change of both aircraft and diesel-electric locomotive technology. The methodology and procedure employed in this study, although possibly limited in application, substantially refine and improve Sahal's previous effort.
3D subcellular SIMS imaging in cryogenically prepared single cells

The analysis of a cell with dynamic SIMS ion microscopy depends on the gradual erosion (sputtering) of the cell surface for obtaining spatially resolved chemical information in the X-, Y-, and Z-dimensions. This ideal feature of ion microscopy is rarely explored in probing microfeatures hidden beneath the cell surface. In this study, this capability is explored for the analysis of cells undergoing cell division. The mitotic cells required 3D SIMS imaging in order to study the chemical composition of specialized subcellular regions, like the mitotic spindle, hidden beneath the cell surface. Human glioblastoma T98G cells were grown on silicon chips and cryogenically prepared with a sandwich freeze-fracture method. The fractured freeze-dried cells were used for SIMS analysis with the microscope mode of the CAMECA IMS-3f, which is capable of producing 500 nm lateral image resolution. SIMS analysis of calcium in the spindle region of metaphase cells required sequential recording of as many as 10 images. The T98G human glioblastoma tumor cells revealed an unusual depletion/lack of calcium store in the metaphase spindle, which is in contrast to the accumulation of calcium stores generally observed in normal cells. This study shows the feasibility of the microscope mode imaging in resolving subcellular microfeatures in 3D and opens new avenues of research in spatially resolved chemical analysis of dividing cells.
Abstract 2816: Low-carbohydrate diets and prostate cancer growth: How low is “low enough”

Introduction: Previous dietary studies indicate carbohydrate intake may influence prostate cancer biology, as LAPC-4 and LNCaP xenograft mice fed a no-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (NCKD; 84% fat-0% carbohydrate-16% protein kcal) had significantly smaller tumors and longer survival times compared to mice fed a Western diet (40% fat-44% carbohydrate-16% protein kcal). The NCKD mice were also found to have higher levels of circulating IGFBP-3 and the lowest levels of insulin, IGF-1, and IGF-1:IGFBP-3 ratio despite consuming more calories than the Western group. As it is nearly impossible for a human to consume and maintain a no-carbohydrate diet similar to that in the previous xenograft studies, we sought to determine whether diets containing 10% or 20% kcal from carbohydrates could slow tumor growth in a similar manner to the NCKD in a xenograft model. METHODS: A total of 150 male SCID mice were injected with LAPC-4 cells and placed on a Western diet (35% fat-49% carbohydrate-16% protein kcal) ad libitum. Two weeks post-injection, all mice were randomized to one of three arms: NCKD, 10% carbohydrate, or 20% carbohydrate. Ten mice not injected with tumor were fed an ad libitum low-fat diet (12% fat-72% carbohydrate-16% protein kcal) and served as the reference group in a modified-paired feeding protocol for the other three groups. Calorie intake and body weights were measured thrice weekly and tumor volumes twice per week. Mice were sacrificed when tumors reached 1,000mm 3 . RESULTS: Despite consuming 5-10% extra calories on average, all mice receiving low-carbohydrate diets were significantly lighter than the mice consuming the low-fat diet (p CONCLUSIONS: LAPC-4 xenograft mice fed a low-carbohydrate diet (10-20% carbohydrate kcal) had similar survival to mice consuming a NCKD (0% carbohydrate kcal). Thus, the survival benefit of a NCKD may be achievable with less restrictive low-carbohydrate diets. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2816.
The Nationalization of Swahili in Kenya.

The decree of 4 July, 1974, by President Kenyatta, proclaiming Swahili as the national language of Kenya is discussed with reference to questions of feasibility and expediency. The alternatives to the President's decree are considered, and reasons for the decision are suggested.Comparison of the status of Swahili in the capital cities of Kenya (Nairobi) and Tanzania (Dar es Salaam) is made to illustrate the special difficulties confronting the Kenya government in making the President's decree effective. The parliamentary response is crucial, but the dominance of English in Nairobi, the capital city, where Swahili has not always been much valued, indicates a wider gap between intention and the possibility of fulfilment than in Dar es Salaam.The need for proficiency in Swahili is viewed in the Kenya situation, and this is related to what is linguistically appropriate. The nationalization of Swahili results in secularization of a language that found its normal expression in the setting of Islam. What is linguistically appropriate in Swahili on the national level is often inappropriate to members of the Swahili coastal community. Kenyans are likely to opt for their own modifications of Standard Swahili, basing this on the Mombasa dialect, but up-country Swahili is the foundation upon which greater proficiency can be achieved. (Language planning, language policy, regional and social stratification of varieties, Swahili; Kenya, Tanzania.)
Molecular Marker Mapping of RSV4, a Gene Conferring Resistance to all Known Strains of Soybean Mosaic Virus

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is a prevalent viral pathogen of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] wherever it is grown. Several genes that confer resistance in soybean to soybean mosaic virus have been identified. One of these resistance loci, Rsv4, confers resistance to all the known strain groups of SMV. This study was conducted to determine the map position of the Rsv4 locus in the soybean genome. A population of 255 F 2 individuals from the cross of the SMV resistant line LR2 (Rsv4) by the susceptible line Lee68 (rsv4) was evaluated in a mapping study, DNA from 12 to 15 F 2 individuals being either homozygous resistant or susceptible were pooled to produce bulk resistant and bulk susceptible DNA samples. Parents and bulks were screened with 101 AFLP primer pairs and two linked polymorphisms were identified. A putative linked marker, amplified by the primers Mse-AAA and Eco-AAG, was converted to a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) clone and a single polymorphic band was mapped 4.8 cM away from Rsv4. The same band was mapped in a second population containing 400 mapped loci and it was determined that this marker was located on the soybean D1b linkage group. Subsequent mapping in the original Rsv4 mapping population showed that the Rsv4 locus is flanked by the microsatellite markers, Satt542 at 4.7 cM and Satt558 at 7.8 cM.
GM-CSF Did Not Allow Doxorubicin Dose Escalation in the MAID Regimen: A Phase I Trial. A Southwest Oncology Group Study

Since dose intensity of doxorubicin is correlated with the clinical response of patients with sofl tissue sarcomas and since doxorubicin dose intensity niay be compromised in conibiiiation chemotherapy, we evaluated the use of recoinbinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stiniulating factor (rGM-CSF) to ameliorate niyelosuppression and allow doxorubicin dose escalation in a phase I trial utilizing the MAID combination [Mesna 2.5 g/m2/day × 4 days, Adrianiyciii (doxorubicin) 15 mg/m2/day × 4 days, ifosfaniide 2.0 g/m2/day × 3 days, dacarbazine 250 mg/m2/day × 4 days; to be repeated every 21 days]. Thirteen patients were treated. The doxorubicin dose for the first 6 patients was at the standard dose of 15 mg/m2/day × 4 days (level I), while the doxorubicin dose for the next 7 patients was escalated by 25% to 18.75 mg/m2/day × 4 days (level 2). tGM-CSF was given at 5 μg/kg/day, days 5-14. All patients experienced moderate to severe tiyelosuppression, with all patients at dose level 2 requiring doxorubicin dose...
Combining proofs and programs in a dependently typed language

Most dependently-typed programming languages either require that all expressions terminate (e.g. Coq, Agda, and Epigram), or allow infinite loops but are inconsistent when viewed as logics (e.g. Haskell, ATS, Ωmega. Here, we combine these two approaches into a single dependently-typed core language. The language is composed of two fragments that share a common syntax and overlapping semantics: a logic that guarantees total correctness, and a call-by-value programming language that guarantees type safety but not termination. The two fragments may interact: logical expressions may be used as programs; the logic may soundly reason about potentially nonterminating programs; programs can require logical proofs as arguments; and "mobile" program values, including proofs computed at runtime, may be used as evidence by the logic. This language allows programmers to work with total and partial functions uniformly, providing a smooth path from functional programming to dependently-typed programming.
Experimental strategies to improve in vitro models of renal ischemia

Ischemia has elicited a great deal of interest among the scientific community due to its role in life-threatening pathologies such as cancer, stroke, acute renal failure, and myocardial infarction. Oxygen deprivation (hypoxia) associated with ischemia has recently become a subject of intense scrutiny. New investigators may find it challenging to induce hypoxic injury in vitro. Researchers may not always be aware of the experimental barriers that contribute to this phenomenon. Furthermore, ischemia is associated with other major insults, such as excess carbon dioxide (hypercapnia), nutrient deprivation, and accumulation of cellular wastes. Ideally, these conditions should also be incorporated into in vitro models. Therefore, the motivation behind this review is to: i. delineate major in vivo ischemic insults; ii. identify and explain critical in vitro parameters that need to be considered when simulating ischemic pathologies; iii. provide recommendations to improve experiments; and as a result, iv. enhance the validity of in vitro results for understanding clinical ischemic pathologies. Undoubtedly, it is not possible to completely replicate the in vivo environment in an ex vivo model system. In fact, the primary goal of many in vitro studies is to elucidate the role of specific stimuli during in vivo pathological events. This review will present methodologies that may be implemented to improve the applicability of in vitro models for understanding the complex pathological mechanisms of ischemia. Finally, although these topics will be discussed within the context of renal ischemia, many are pertinent for cellular models of other organ systems and pathologies.
Predicting rodent carcinogenicity of Ames test false positives by in vivo biochemical parameters.

Abstract 28 chemicals known to be mutagenic in the Ames test but not carconigenic in rodent bioassays were selected for study. The chemicals were administered by gavage in 2 dose levels to female Sprague-Dawley rats. The effects of these 28 chemicals on 4 biochemical assays (hepatic DNA damage by alkaline elution (DD), hepatic ornithine decarboxylase activity (ODC), serum alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT), and hepatic cytochrome P-450 content (P450)) were determined. The scientific approach taken was to either experimentally find individual cancer predictors of high specificity or to mathematically create composite predictors of high specificity. Composite predictive parameters are defined as follows: CP = [ODC and P450], CT = [ALT and ODC] and TS = [DD or CP or CT]. The specificity (percent of rodent noncarcinogens which test negative) of DD, ODC, ALT, P450, CP, CT and TS was 100%, 46%, 89%, 86%, 93%, 93% and 86%, respectively. For these 28 mutagenic noncarcinogens, the specificity of structural alerts (SA) 13%, mutation in mouse lymphoma cells (MOLY) 0%, chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells (ABS) 13%, and sister-chromatid exchange in Chinese hamster ovary cells (SCE) 0% were much lower. The k e test, an experimental measure of electron attachment, had a specificity of 33%. DD was the only DNA related parameter to predict well the noncarcinogenic rodent bioassay result of Ames false-positive chemicals. 5 nongenotoxic parameters (ALT, P450, CP, CT and [CP or CT]) predicted the rodent bioassay result well. Depending on the prevalence of chemicals carcinogenic to humans, the problem of Ames test false positives for predicting human cancer may be either small or large.
A Survey of Possible Associations Between Morphologic Traits and Resistance to Marek’s Disease

Abstract The relative susceptibility to the Connecticut B (Conn-B) isolate of the Marek’s disease agent was investigated in chickens segregating for various morphologic traits. Eleven trials of five week duration were run with each of 11 phenotypic pair comparisons being included in four or more trials. Of all the comparisons, only the one between duplex and non-duplex comb was found to be significant for all trials. In seven trials, chicks with duplex combs averaged 13.8% less susceptible to the Conn-B agent than did the non-duplex combed chicks. In six trials, non-rose combed chicks were significantly less susceptible than the rose combed chicken. This significant trend disappeared in three additional trials in which procedural changes were initiated.
Determination of installation effects for a 100 mm orifice meter using a sliding vane technique

Abstract As part of the Gas Research Institute Metering Research Facility Upstream Effects programme, a sliding vane technique is used to investigate the effects of straightening vane location on orifice discharge coefficient and velocity profile in a D = 102 mm orifice meter installation. A standard ‘concentric pattern‘ 19 tube bundle straightening vane with a length to meter tube diameter ratio of 2.5 was modified so that the distance, x, from straightening vane to orifice plate could be changed rapidly without reassembling the meter tube. This paper describes sliding vane experiments made with nitrogen gas at a pressure of 724 kPa (105 psi) in 45D and 19.5D long meter tubes downstream of a single 90° elbow at a Reynolds number of 8.8 × 10 5 . Results are presented for the variation of orifice discharge coefficient for β = 0.75 as a function of sliding vane location from x/D = 5 to 42.5. Complementary results are presented for the axial velocity profile distribution measured at the orifice location in vertical and horizontal planes of the 45D meter tube by hot-film anemometer at x/D values of 5, 11, 21, 39 and 42.5.
Solution structure and dynamics of a designed hydrophobic core variant of ubiquitin

Abstract Background: The recent merger of computation and protein design has resulted in a burst of success in the generation of novel proteins with native-like properties. A critical component of this coupling between theory and experiment is a detailed analysis of the structures and stabilities of designed proteins to assess and improve the accuracy of design algorithms. Results: Here we report the solution structure of a hydrophobic core variant of ubiquitin, referred to as 1D7, which was designed with the core-repacking algorithm ROC. As a measure of conformational specificity, we also present amide exchange protection factors and backbone and sidechain dynamics. The results indicate that 1D7 is similar to wild-type (WT) ubiquitin in backbone structure and degree of conformational specificity. We also observe a good correlation between experimentally determined sidechain structures and those predicted by ROC. However, evaluation of the core sidechain conformations indicates that, in general, 1D7 has more sidechains in less statistically favorable conformations than WT. Conclusions: Our results provide an explanation for the lower stability of 1D7 compared to WT, and suggest modifications to design algorithms that may improve the accuracy with which structure and stability are predicted. The results also demonstrate that core packing can affect conformational flexibility in subtle ways that are likely to be important for the design of function and protein–ligand interactions.
Energy release rate calculations for the compact tension specimen using brittle orthotropic materials

Abstract An energy release rate calculation is performed using the modified crack closure integral (MCCI) method applied to the compact tension (CT) specimen. Mechanical properties used are typical of short-fiber sheet molding compound (SMC) materials. Using orthotropic linear constant strain finite elements, the classical solution is closely approximated with a relatively coarse grid. The wedge opening of the CT specimen is shown to lower the expected energy release rate by 6·1%, introducing a systematic error. Orientation of the SMC material near the load application point perpendicular to the applied load will raise the energy release rate by 12·0%. The CT specimen results are shown to be insensitive to the distribution of the applied load around the hole periphery. A probabilistic method is developed for converting the distribution of applied failure load to the distribution of critical energy release rate. This method is applied to predict the distribution of failure load for other geometries.
Linkage of the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway with induction of dna synthesis in mouse lymphocytes. Effects of compactin on mitogen-induced lymphocytes in serum-free medium.

Abstract Concanavalin A induction of DNA synthesis in mouse spleen lymphocytes cultured in serum-free medium was shown to be very sensitive to inhibition by compactin (ML-236B), a specific competitive inhibitor of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase. As low as 0.1 μM compactin could give 98% inhibition of mitogen induction of a 5 · 10 6 cells/ml culture. This inhibition could be reversed completely by addition of exogenous mevalonate, but could not be reversed by either exogenous cholesterol or isopentenyladenine. Oxygenated sterol inhibition of mitogen-induced DNA synthesis could be reversed by cholesterol or by mevalonate, whereas cyclic AMP inhibition could not be reversed by either compound. These results suggest that endogenous cholesterol production is a necessary but not sufficient factor co-ordinated with mitogen-induced DNA synthesis, and that the presence of some additional product of mevalonate metabolism is involved also. Isopentenyladenine, though, did not have a significant effect on alleviating any of the above inhibitions. Since mevalonate could not relieve cyclic AMP inhibition, but could overcome compactin inhibition, cyclic AMP inhibition cannot be explained as due only to blockage of mevalonate production.
ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF SPICES

There is a renewed interest in the antimicrobial properties of spices. In vitro activities of several ground spices, their water and alcohol extracts, and their essential oils have been demonstrated in culture media. Studies in the last decade confirm growth inhibition of gram positive and gram negative food borne bacteria, yeast and mold by garlic, onion, cinnamon, cloves, thyme, sage and other spices. Effects in foods are limited to observations in pickles, bread, rice, and meat products. In general, higher spice levels are required to effect inhibition in foods than in culture media. Fat, protein, and water contents in foods affect microbial resistance as does salt content. Very few studies report on the effect of spices on spores, and on microbial inhibition in conjunction with preservatives and food processes. Of the recognized antimicrobial components in spices, the majority are phenol compounds with a molecular weight of 150 to 160 containing a hydroxyl group. Eugenol, carvacrol and thymol have been identified as the major antimicrobial compounds in cloves, cinnamon, sage and oregano.
Interplay of Drug Metabolism and Transport: A Real Phenomenon or an Artifact of the Site of Measurement?

The interdependence of both transport and metabolism on the disposition of drugs has recently gained heightened attention in the literature, and has been termed the “interplay of transport and metabolism”. Such “interplay” is observed when inhibition of biliary clearance of a drug results in an “apparent” increase in the metabolic clearance of the drug or vice versa. In this manuscript, we derived and explored through simulations a physiological-based pharmacokinetic model that integrates both transport and metabolism and explains the “apparent” dependence of hepatic clearance on both these processes. In addition, we show that the phenomenon of hepatic “transport−metabolism interplay” is a result of using the plasma concentration as a point of reference when calculating metabolic or biliary clearance, and this interplay is maximal when the drug is actively transported into the hepatocytes (i.e., hepatocyte sinusoidal influx clearance is greater than the sinusoidal efflux clearance). When the hepatic drug ...
Concomitant anomalous right coronary artery and iatrogenic left circumflex artery entrapment, treated successfully with percutaneous coronary intervention.

The incidence of anomalous coronary arteries is ∼1%, with heterogeneous clinical outcomes ([1][1]). Left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) entrapment is an infrequently reported complication of mitral valve surgery and correlates to the dominance and the distance of the artery from the mitral
Effects of rotation on the dynamics of a circular cylindrical shell with application to tire vibration

Abstract For the purpose of understanding the effects of rotation on wave propagation within a tire’s treadband, the vibration of an inflated, circular cylindrical shell, rotating about a fixed axis has been considered here. The equations of motion of the rotating shell are formulated in a fixed reference frame (i.e., Eulerian co-ordinates). By assuming wave-like solutions for the free vibration case, the natural frequencies and corresponding wave-like basis functions can then be obtained. A natural frequency selection procedure is introduced that can be used to associate each of the basis functions with a single natural frequency. The basis functions are then superimposed to represent the forced response of the system when driven by a point harmonic force at a fixed location in the reference frame. By using the procedure described here, the coefficients of the basis functions can be obtained directly by solving an uncoupled ordinary differential equation. Finally, the resulting forced responses are presented in both the spatial and wave number domains, and the wave number spectrum of the rotating shell is compared with that of a stationary shell. Based on the results presented here, it is suggested that at typical rotational speeds it may be possible to use a stationary tire analysis to predict the characteristics of a rotating tire after performing a simple kinematic compensation.
Socio-spatial stigmatization and the contested space of addiction treatment: Remapping strategies of opposition to the disorder of drugs

In recent years, the Not-In-My-Back-Yard (NIMBY) phenomenon has become increasingly prevalent with regard to harm reduction sites, addiction treatment facilities and their clients. Drawing from a case study of community conflict generated by the relocation of a methadone clinic into a rapidly gentrifying neighbourhood in downtown Toronto, Canada, this article offers a unique analysis of oppositional strategies regarding the perceived (socio-spatial) ‘disorder of drugs’. Based on interviews with local residents and business owners this article suggests the existence of three interrelated oppositional strategies, shifting from a recourse to urban planning policy, to a critique of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) practice, to explicit forms of socio-spatial stigmatization that posited the body of the (methadone) ‘addict’ as abject agent of infection and the clinic as a site of contagion. Exploring the dialectical, socio-spatial interplay between the body of the addict and the social body of the city, this article demonstrates the unique aspects of opposition to the physically, ideologically and discursively contested space of addiction treatment. Representations of the methadone clinic, its clients and the larger space of the neighbourhood, this paper suggests, served to situate addiction as a ‘pathology (out) of place’ and recast the city itself as a site of safe/supervised consumption.
Hypothesis for the origin of convergent margin granitoids and Earth’s continental crust by thermal migration zone refining

Abstract The production of Earth’s granitoids is generally attributed to magma intrusion, fractional crystallization and assimilation but the details of how granitoid plutons form remains widely debated. In light of recent experimental results which indicate that partially molten wet andesite in a temperature gradient evolves into a granitic bulk composition at the cooler end of the gradient (in a process called thermal migration), I present a model for at least some of Earth’s granitoids forming by a top-down thermal migration zone refining process. According to this model, convergent margin igneous activity builds a thick volcanic pile which becomes a barrier to further ascent of magma, leading to magma underplating by injection of sills at the base of the pile. When magmas arrive at the location of underplating, they react and release heat and water to the overlying materials (previously intruded sills), resulting in a downward moving zone having a near-steady-state temperature gradient. This leads to compositional differentiation by wet thermal migration taking place over million year time scales; this in situ differentiation process occurs in the middle of the underplated region but not on the more rapidly cooled edges of the sills. Modeling using the IRIDIUM program shows this process can produce sequences of granitoid that are kilometer or greater in thickness; regardless of granitoid thickness, the bottom of the system maintains a near constant thickness of hornblende gabbros. The model provides a logical connection between andesitic stratovolcanoes and underlying, more silicic intrusive series plutons—both reflect ascent of andesitic composition magmas, with the implication that convergent margin magmatic systems evolve temporally from stratovolcanoes to plutons once magma ascent is inhibited and underplating begins. The model provides an alternative to the standard view that granitoids result from cooling of large bodies of magma and could help to resolve long-standing questions concerning: geophysical observations of magma chambers; the compositions of minerals in granitoids; and the development of preferred mineral orientations in granitoids. It provides a consistent model in that it explains the systematic normal compositional zoning of plutons within the context of an incremental growth process dictated by geochronology. Most importantly, the model is predictive, emphasizing the importance of examining granitoids in the vertical dimension. The hypothesis that thermal migration plays a role in granitoid formation can be tested by analysis of non-traditional stable isotope systems such as Fe, Mg and Si that should show a signature of thermal diffusion. The model predicts that the tops of overlying granitoids will have relatively heavy isotopic compositions whereas underlying hornblende gabbros will have relatively light isotopic compositions. Examination of existing iron isotope data and new silicon isotope data are consistent with the hypothesis and point to the need for more thorough testing.
Comparison of fenestrated endografts and the snorkel/chimney technique

Objective Recent approval by the Food and Drug Administration of custom fenestrated endografts has increased endovascular options for patients with short-neck or juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). We sought to compare the early learning curve at a single institution of fenestrated repair vs the snorkel technique. Methods From 2009 to 2013, we performed 57 consecutive snorkel procedures for juxtarenal AAAs in an Institutional Review Board-approved prospective cohort, and since the summer of 2012, we gained access to the Food and Drug Administration-approved custom fenestrated device. Patient demographics, imaging, and operative techniques were compared between the first 15 cases for each of the snorkel (sn-EVAR) and fenestrated (f-EVAR) endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) techniques. Results Patient demographics and AAA morphology on preoperative imaging were similar between the groups. Operative time tended to be similar in the 3- to 4-hour range, with more fluoroscopy time and less contrast material used in f-EVAR than in sn-EVAR ( P Conclusions The early experience of f-EVAR was similar to that of sn-EVAR in terms of patient demographics, case selection, and procedural characteristics. A significant portion of the learning curve for both procedures, particularly for f-EVAR, lies in the preoperative planning of fenestrations and the cannulation of branch vessels. Similar short-term postoperative outcomes between these two particular techniques indicate that both will have utility in the treatment of high-risk patients with complex anatomy.
Chemical phylogenetics of histone deacetylases

In contrast to perceived nonselectivity, biochemical profiling reveals that currently available HDAC inhibitors predominantly inhibit only class I and IIb HDAC enzymes. A new pan-selective inhibitor, obtained by screening a focused library, provides an important tool for studying class IIa HDACs.