cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AA amyloidosis in the renal allograft: A report of two cases and review of the literature

AA amyloidosis is a disorder characterized by the abnormal formation, accumulation and systemic deposition of fibrillary material that frequently involves the kidney. Recurrent AA amyloidosis in the renal allograft has been documented in patients with tuberculosis, familial Mediterranean fever, ankylosing spondylitis, chronic pyelonephritis and rheumatoid arthritis. De novo AA amyloidosis is rarely described. We report two cases of AA amyloidosis in the renal allograft. Our first case is a 47-year-old male with a history of ankylosing spondylitis who developed end-stage renal disease reportedly from tubulointerstitial nephritis from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent use. A biopsy was never performed. One year after transplantation, AA amyloidosis was identified in the femoral head and 8 years post-transplantation, AA amyloidosis was identified in the renal allograft. He was treated with colchicine and adalimumab and has stable renal function at 1 year-follow-up. Our second case is a 57-year-old male with a long history of intravenous drug use and hepatitis C infection who developed end-stage kidney disease due to AA amyloidosis. Our second patient's course was complicated by renal adenovirus, pulmonary aspergillosis and hepatitis C with AA amyloidosis subsequently being identified in the allograft 2.5 years post-transplantation. Renal allograft function remains stable 4-years post-transplantation. These reports describe clinical and pathologic features of two cases of AA amyloidosis presenting with proteinuria and focal involvement of the renal allograft.
An In Situ X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopic Study of Charged Li ( 1 − z ) Ni ( 1 + z ) O 2 Cathode Material

The authors have measured in situ the Ni K-edge X-ray absorption spectra of Li{sub (1{minus}z)}Ni{sub (1+z)}O{sub 2} cathode material charged in a nonaqueous cell. The material was charged to various states of charge (i.e., Li content) which corresponded to x = 0.0, 0.12, 0.24, 0.37, 0.49, and 0.86 in Li{sub (1{minus}x{minus}z)}Ni{sub (1+z)}O{sub 2}. The authors have determined variations in the Ni-O and Ni-Ni coordination numbers, bond lengths, and local disorders as well as the Ni K-edge energies as a function of Li content. They show that in the pristine state, the composition of the material can be described by the formula Li{sub 0.86}N{sub 1.14}O{sub 2} (i.e., x = 0 and z = 0.14). That is, the material consists of Ni{sup 2+} (25%) and Ni{sup 3+} (75%) with half the Ni{sup 2+} atoms residing in Li sites and the other half in the NiO{sub 2} slabs. Upon charging, initially Ni{sup 2+} is oxidized to Ni{sup 3} up to a state of charge which corresponds to x = 2z. Upon further charging to states corresponding to 2z < x {le} 1 {minus} z, Ni{sup 3} is oxidized to Ni{sup 4+} with fractions being dependent on the values of x and z. Analysismore » of the edge energies for NiO, stoichiometric LiNiO{sub 2}, and KNiIO{sub 6} as reference compounds for Ni{sup 2+}, Ni{sup 3}, and Ni{sup 4}, respectively, shows a quadratic dependence for edge energy vs. oxidation state. This type of correlation is consistent with variations observed in earlier studies for some Mn reference compounds in the same range of oxidation states. Oxidation-state determination of Ni in Li{sub (1{minus}x{minus}z)}Ni{sub (1+z)}O{sub 2} as a function of state of charge (i.e., Li content or x) on the basis of edge energies yielded results which are in excellent agreement with oxidation state determinations made on the basis of the mole fractions for Ni{sup 2+}, Ni{sup 3}, and Ni{sup 4} extracted from extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra.« less
The Reassertion of Economics: 1990s Gentrification in the Lower East Side

This article utilizes property tax arrears data to trace the contraction of gentrification at the end of the 1980s and its resurgence in the 1990s in New York City’s Lower East Side. Contrary to the claims made during the recession about the end of gentrification, this article provides an important historical record of the resurgence of gentrification in the 1990s. The paper also argues that this new ‘third round’ gentrification has to be seen as a dramatic reassertion of economics in the central urban land market. That this shift is also expressed within the popular cultural discourses accompanying the process reveals an altered relationship between economics and culture in fin de siecle gentrification. Cet article utilise les donnees sur les arrieres des impots sur la propriete pour retracer le declin de l’embourgeoisement a la fin des annees quatre-vingt et son renouveau dans les annees quatre-vingt-dix dans le Lower East Side de New York City. Contrairement a ce qui fut dit sur la fin de l’embourgeoisement durant la recession, cet article fournit un dossier historique important qui montre le renouveau de l’embourgeoisement dans les annees quatre-vingt-dix. Cet article soutient aussi que ce nouveau ‘troisieme tour’ d’embourgeoisement doit ?tre regarde comme une reaffirmation dramatique de l’economie politique dans le marche foncier urbain central. Le fait que ce changement est aussi perceptible dans les discours de la culture populaire qui accompagnent ce processus revele une relation changee entre l’ecomonie politique et la culture dans l’embourgeoisement de fin de siecle.
High-transconductance p-channel AlGaAs/GaAs HFETs with low-energy beryllium and fluorine co-implantation self-alignment

The fabrication and electrical characteristics of p-channel AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure FETs with self-aligned p/sup +/ source-drain regions formed by low-energy co-implantation of Be and F are reported. The devices utilize a sidewall-assisted refractory gate process and are fabricated on an undoped AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure grown by MOVPE. Compared with Be implantation alone, the co-implantation of F/sup +/ at 8 keV with 2*10/sup 14/ ions/cm/sup 2/ results in a 3* increase in the post-anneal Be concentration near the surface for a Be/sup +/ implantation at 15 keV with 4*10/sup 14/ ions/cm/sup 2/. Co-implantation permits a low source resistance to be obtained with shallow p/sup +/ source-drain regions. Although short-channel effects must be further reduced at small gate lengths, the electrical characteristics are otherwise excellent and show a 77-K transconductance as high as 207 mS/mm for a 0.5- mu m gate length. >
Designing metadata for long-term data preservation: DataONE case study

DataONE (Data Observation Network for Earth) aims to ensure the preservation of and access to multi-scale, multi-discipline, and multi-national earth observation data to enable advances in science and science education. DataONE is being designed and built to manage scientific data across a range of disciplines, including atmospheric, ecological, hydrological, oceanographic and other earth sciences, all of which are managing data and creating metadata at varying levels of maturity and complexity, utilizing dozens of metadata standards. This poster describes how PREMIS (Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies) was utilized to specify the requirements for preservation metadata for DataONE, one aspect of DataONE's technology architecture.
The Effect of Fibrin Glue on the Formation of Perivascular Adhesions

Fibrin glue is an effective hemostatic agent, but its effect on adhesion forma tion is not known. This study was designed to determine the effect of fibrin glue on perivascular adhesion formation. Arteriotomies were performed on the ca rotid and femoral arteries of 12 dogs. Fibrin glue was used on 24 of the arte riotomies while the other 24 arteriotomies served as controls. Four weeks later the arteries were reexplored. The surgeon assessed the degree of adhesion for mation using four previously defined categories. In addition, color photographs were taken of each site so that adhesion formation could later be evaluated by an unbiased observer. In both categories, there was a slight tendency for fibrin glue to decrease the extent of perivascular adhesion formation, although this difference was not statistically significant.
Map learning using associative memory neural network

Summary form only given. Map learning using associative memory is considered. Given a source location and a destination location to be visited and its associated visiting path, an associative memory neural network which can remember and recall all possible paired-location combinations is constructed. Kth nearest neighbor transformation (Knn) is used to transfer the input paired locations to a vector form indicating the neighboring information among all the locations in the map. Training patterns are selected from the linear combination of the eigenvector of the covariance matrix of the associative group and the input vectors. By training the network with the selected transformed training vectors, the best path of any two points in the map can be obtained. An example of learning the city map of Dayton, Ohio, is used to illustrate the proposed network. >
Authority Concepts among Children and Adolescents in the Island of Macao.

We examined the reasoning of children and adolescents in the island of Macao regarding the bases of legitimate authority across social contexts. We asked 101 children in 3rd, 5th, and 7th grades to evaluate the authority of persons issuing commands to children in two events. In one, persons with varying combinations of authority attributes issue a command that resolves a turn-taking dispute between children in school. In another, persons with varying social positions issue a command to children to stop playing ball across three contexts: school, home, and a public park. Results show that, although young Macanese reason in many ways similar to American children, social position may be a less important legitimizing authority attribute for them than for American children.
The influence of natural organic matter on the toxicity of multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Engineered carbon nanostructures, such as multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), are inherently hydrophobic and are not readily stable in aqueous media. However, the aqueous stability and bioavailability of these nanotubes may be influenced by the water quality parameters such as ionic strength, pH, and natural organic matter (NOM). Natural organic matter adsorbs onto the surface of MWNTs, effectively covering the hydrophobic surface and resulting in increased aqueous stability. This enhanced stability is likely to lead to an increased residence time in the water column and increased exposure times for pelagic organisms. In the current study, NOM from three different river systems in the southeast United States increased the stability of MWNT suspensions. The effects of these suspensions were evaluated using acute and chronic bioassays with Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia. The 96-h LC50 for D. magna exposed to MWNTs suspended in Suwannee River (USA) NOM was approximately 2.0 mg/L and was not significantly influenced by NOM concentrations ranging from 1.79 to 18.5 mg/L DOC. However, there were differences in 96-h LC50 values among different sources of NOM (Suwannee, Black, and Edisto Rivers, USA). Daphnid growth was reduced in both D. magna and C. dubia, whereas reproduction was reduced in C. dubia. Characterization of the different NOM sources and MWNT suspensions was conducted. Visual inspection using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and gut elimination observations suggested that the toxicity was attributable to ingested MWNTs clogging the gut tract of D. magna. The TEM micrographs indicated that MWNTs can disaggregate within the gut tract, but single MWNTs are unable to absorb across the gut lumen. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2511–2518. © 2010 SETAC
State Power and the Regulation of Islam in Jordan

Throughout the Middle East, both political movements and gov ernments struggle to control Islamic discourse and practice. Like other religions, Islam can be interpreted in a variety of ways, leading to a process Dale Eickelman and James Piscatori term "Muslim politics"— "the competition and contest over both the interpretation of symbols and the control of the institutions, both formal and informal, that pro duce and sustain them."1 While numerous studies elucidate Islamic movement dynamics in Muslim politics, few detail the state's role in the struggle to define Islam. This article addresses this lacuna by ex amining the role of the Jordanian state in the regulation of Islam. The Jordanian state is actively involved in "Muslim politics" be cause the regime relies upon Islam to some extent for political legiti macy. It has a vested interest in determining which interpretations of Islam prevail in contests over religious discourse. Understandings that contradict or challenge state policy or legitimacy are prevented from mobilizing through central Islamic institutions in society. As a result, the state utilizes the administrative apparatus to exclude particular Is lamic voices from public Islamic space. In particular, the state care fully regulates access to the mosque, the most important site of Islamic practice and ritual, to prevent the production, articulation, and dissem ination of alternative religious perspectives that could undermine re gime interests. This article argues that the patterns of administrative practice in the regulation of Islam are designed to produce a de politicized and unthreatening interpretation of Islam that reifies state power.
A Twin Registry Study of the Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Nicotine Dependence in Men

Context Recent studies indicate a strong association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and nicotine dependence (ND). However, the explanation for the association remains unclear. Objective To test competing explanations for the association between PTSD and ND. Design, Setting, and Participants Analysis of data on 6744 members of the Vietnam Era Twin Registry, a national registry of all male-male twin pairs who served in the military during the Vietnam era interviewed in 1991-1992. Main Outcome Measures Risk of PTSD and ND using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for the DSM-III-R . Results The prevalence of ND was elevated among trauma-exposed individuals (52.0%) and those with PTSD (71.7%) compared with unexposed individuals (40.5%). This association was significant for ND and for trauma without PTSD (odds ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-1.45) and for PTSD (odds ratio, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.92-2.84) and was not entirely explained by shared risk factors. Shared genetic effects explained 63% of the PTSD-ND association; the remaining covariance was explained by individual-specific environmental effects. Using survival analysis with time-dependent covariates, ND was associated with a substantially increased risk of PTSD among trauma-exposed men (hazard ratio, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.61-2.42). Trauma (hazard ratio, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.35-1.64) and PTSD (hazard ratio, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.14-1.61) were less strongly but significantly associated with increased risk of ND onset after controlling for shared risk factors. Conclusions Most of the PTSD-ND association is explained by shared genetic effects. However, there is a substantial, robust PTSD-ND association not explained by shared risk factors. Multiple explanations for the association were supported; however, the strongest association was consistent with preexisting ND increasing the risk of PTSD onset. These data suggest that male veterans with a history of ND may be at increased risk for PTSD. Further research on the biological mechanisms underlying PTSD-ND comorbidity is needed.
The Political Consequences of Electoral Laws, 1945-85

A systematic analysis of the relationships between the main electoral system variables (electoral formula, district magnitude, and ballot structure) and electoral outcomes (the degrees of disproportionality and multipartism) in the 20 Western democracies from 1945 to 1985—representing 32 distinct electoral systems (an electoral system being defined as a set of elections held under basically the same rules)—shows that the effects of both formula and magnitude on proportionality are very strong, much stronger than Douglas W. Rae and subsequent researchers have suggested; that on the other hand, their effects on the number of parties participating in elections is surprisingly weak; and that ballot structure affects the degree of multipartism only in single-member district systems. These findings suggest that strategic behavior by politicians and voters plays a less important role in reducing multipartism than is usually assumed.
Solute Partitioning and Interfacial Segregation in TiAl-Based Alloys

Atom probe microscopy has been used to investigate elemental partitioning and segregation behavior in a TiAl-based alloy with a variety of alloying additions including Cr, Nb, W and B. These results indicate that in a stress-relieved state (2 h at 900°C) and a reheated state (2 h at 900°C, 2184 h at 800°C and 2 h at 1210°C) chromium, and to a lesser extent tungsten, is partitioned to the α2 phase. However, in an annealed state (2 h at 900°C and 720 h at 800°C), these elements are partitioned to the, γ phase. Segregation of chromium and tungsten to lamellar interfaces is observed in the stress-relieved material, but significant segregation was not observed in material subjected to the other heat treatments. A W- and B-enriched precipitate was observed in the reheated material and provides a possible explanation for the low tungsten concentrations measured in the matrix phases.
Quantum Computing (in 5 Minutes or Less) (Presentation Slides)

The purpose of our work is to show that, in the near future, Quantum Computing algorithms may solve many currently intractable financial problems, and render obsolete some existing mathematical approaches.
Prenatal diagnosis of omphalocele and left atrial isomerism (polysplenia) including complex congenital heart disease with ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy.

We report prenatal diagnosis of a rare constellation of findings, including omphalocele and polysplenia (left atrial isomerism [LAI]) with cardiac malformations including ventricular noncompaction (VNC) cardiomyopathy. The heterotaxy syndromes (polysplenia or LAI and asplenia or right atrial isomerism) are rare syndromes in which organs that are usually asymmetric are abnormally symmetric or abnormally positioned. Complex congenital heart disease is frequently associated with heterotaxy, with the heart being substantially affected in both structure and orientation. Heterotaxy has also been occasionally associated with a rare type of cardiomyopathy: VNC, described by Feldt et all and Ozkutlu et al. 2 Omphalocele is a relatively common birth defect that is due to failure of the abdominal wall to close in association with return of the bowel in the first trimester. We report a case in which all of these findings were present. The cardiac findings were previously included in a pathology series on LAI with VNC by Friedberg et al 3 ; however, to our knowledge, prenatal diagnosis of this unique collection of findings has not been reported previously.
Artificial Urinary Sphincter Implantation

Artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) implantation is most often performed to treat urinary incontinence following radical or subtotal prostatectomy. In these cases, the cuff of the AUS is placed around the bulbous urethra. This device can also be implanted to treat urinary incontinence associated with myelodysplasia in men, women, or children or to treat urinary incontinence caused by intrinsic sphincter deficiency in women. In these cases, the cuff is implanted around the bladder neck. This chapter details the implantation of the AUS with cuff placement around the bulbous urethra.
Interface Chemistry and Structure of Schottky Barrier Formation

The current microscopic understanding of the interface chemistry and structure of Schottky barrier formation is described in this chapter. This chapter builds upon the physics of Schottky barriers presented in Chapter 1 and provides some background to the fabrication of Schottky barriers described in Chapter 3. The more recent investigations are discussed and the current status of the detailed picture we now have for metal-semiconductor barriers on group IV, III–V, and II–VI semiconductors is reviewed. In particular, this chapter emphasizes the pervasive importance of interfacial interdiffusion and interactions in metal-semiconductor systems. As will become apparent from the discussion below, many intrinsic aspects of Schottky barrier formation have been elucidated, but much detail remains to be unraveled in specific metal-semiconductor systems.
Preventing Accidents in Offshore Oil and Gas Operations: The U.S. Approach and Some Contrasting Features of the Norwegian Approach

This working paper deals with the U.S. approach for governing the safety of offshore oil and gas operations and preventing major accidents during exploratory drilling and production. It evaluates the statutory and regulatory framework, and agency implementation and reliance on industrial standards, and then suggests reforms to improve the efficacy of this governance system. References are made to the blowout at the drilling rig operated by British Petroleum to support the evaluation and reforms. References are also made to Norwegian laws and regulations governing oil and gas operations in the North Sea. As one of the world’s largest sources of offshore oil and natural gas, Norway has achieved a high level of safety and offers a proven alternative approach for consideration in the development of an improved U.S. approach. Several additional sections are being developed to complete this working paper.
Evaluation of Compatibility Effects in the Precuing of Arm and Direction Parameters

Abstract The present study evaluated the role of compatibility effects in the precuing of arm and direction parameters. In the first two experiments different stimulus and response arrangements were examined. For all three experiments the spatial precue and imperative stimuli were compatibly assigned to responses (i.e., a direct correspondence existed between the stimulus and response locations). Experiments 1 and 2 indirectly tested the effect of decision processes required by the stimulus-response set. Experiment 1 replicated previous research that has found longer reaction times for the direction uncertain parameter as compared to arm uncertain. Experiment 2 examined the precuing of arm and direction parameters with stimuli that maintained right-left arrangements for both parameters. Unlike Experiment 1, reaction times did not differ for precuing the two movement parameters. Experiment 3 directly examined the effect of differential decision requirements from up-down spatial stimuli and right-left spati...
Inner and Outer Scalings in Rough Surface Turbulent Boundary Layers

The incompressible, zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layer is investigated in light of the effect of the Reynolds number and surface roughness. The experimental data from various researchers has been collected and analyzed in order to study the effect of the roughness on the inner and outer flow. The scalings of George and Castillo (GC) (1997) for the mean velocity profiles and Reynolds stresses are used for the analysis and compared with the results of the classical scalings. Moreover, the true asymptotic profile (self-preserving) solution for the velocity deficit profiles is found when the profiles are normalized by the Zagarola/Smits (1998) scaling, U∞δ /δ. This scaling successfully removes the effects of the Reynolds number, the upstream conditions, and the roughness from the outer flow. Similarly, the classical scaling, uτ , tends to remove the effects from the outer flow but not in the inner region. However, it will be shown that as the roughness parameter, k, increases beyond k ≈ 28 or less, the Reynolds stresses and velocity profiles are influenced in the outer flow by roughness. This limit corresponds to the lower limit of the outer region of a boundary layer, thus the outer flow is affected by roughness beyond this limit. However, for the inner layer, the Reynolds stresses are sensitive to values of the roughness parameter, k ≈ 0.4 while the velocity profiles are affected for values of about k ≈ 17.
Modeling Rotorcraft Dynamics With Finite Element Multibody Procedures

This paper describes a multibody dynamics approach to the modeling of rotorcraft systems and reviews the key aspects of the simulation procedure. The multibody dynamics analysis is cast within the framework of nonlinear finite element methods, and the element library includes rigid and deformable bodies as well as joint elements. No modal reduction is performed for the modeling of flexible bodies. The structural and joint element library is briefly described. The algorithms used to integrate the resulting equations of motion with maximum efficiency and robustness are discussed. Various solution procedures, static, dynamic, stability, and trim analysis, are presented. Post-processing and visualization issues are also addressed. Finally, the paper concludes with selected rotorcraft applications.© 2009 ASME
Air Quality Monitoring and Assessment of PM 10 , SO 2 and NO x in Beijing by an Industrial Source Complex Model with GIS

As an integrated part of management plan against the elevated air pollution, typical monitored emission inventory was presented for metropolitan area of Beijing in 1999. The air pollutants of concern were fine particulate matters (PM 10 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), and nitrogen oxides (NO x ). Emissions of these air pollutants were estimated by suitable emission factors and evaluated in three categories of point, area and line sources. Total yearly mean emissions in the studied area were estimated as 103,298 tons of PM 10 , 209,914 tons of SO 2 , 225,394 tons of NO x . To assess the air quality, Industrial Source Complex-Short Term (ISCST3) dispersion model was applied by combining measured emissions and meteorological data with 1 hour temporal and 1km x 1km spatial resolution. Validity of model was verified by comparing the monitored data from Beijing's Environmental Protection Bureau with the model values predicted. Demonstrated by Geographical Information System (GIS), results indicate that the levels of PM 10 , SO 2 , and NO x were serious and endangered the regional human health. While area source accounted for 83.8% of PM 10 concentration distribution and 79.2% of SO 2 concentration distribution respectively, line source contributed 73.5% of NO x concentration distribution. It reveals insight on emission control priorities and future implementations of effective control technology.
PU.1/Interferon Regulatory Factor interactions: mechanisms of transcriptional regulation

The complexity of eukaryotic gene regulation is slowly being resolved. What has become clear is that transcriptional regulation is a multi-step process that involves the assembly of macromolecular complexes. This review will discuss the biology of the ETS family transcription factor PU.1, with emphasis on its interactions with two members of the Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF) family, interferon consensus sequence binding protein (ICSBP) and IRF-4. The role of these interactions in transcriptional regulation is discussed, with respect to DNA binding motifs, protein-protein interaction and phosphorylation states that modulate PU.1/IRF interactions. Furthermore, potential transcriptional mechanisms for several genes are discussed, focusing on genes involved in innate immunity. Data from these studies suggest at least four distinct paradigms for transcriptional regulation by an ETS protein in conjunction with either ICSBP or IRE-4. These paradigms may describe regulatory mechanisms common to many distinct transcription factor families. Last, recent data from several laboratories have now documented the expression of ICSBP and IRF-4 in a range of cell types. These data suggest that ICSBP and IRF-4 may serve functions within these cell types that are distinct from their previously recognized functions.
Abstract MP46: Usual Walking Pace is More Strongly Associated with Lower Risk of Heart Failure Than Total Physical Activity in the Women’s Health Study

Background: While previous studies have reported lower risk of coronary heart disease with physical activity, limited data exist on the relation of physical activity with heart failure risk in a community setting. Objective: To test the primary hypothesis that physical activity is inversely associated with HF risk in a cohort of apparently healthy women and a secondary hypothesis that walking time and usual walking pace are associated with lower risk of HF. Methods: Prospective cohort study of 39,635 participants from the Women’s Health Study. Information on leisure-time physical activity, including walking time and usual pace, was self-reported at baseline and HF was ascertained through annual follow-up questionnaires with validation through review of medical records. We used Cox regression to estimate multivariable adjusted hazard ratios of HF. Results: During a mean follow-up of 17.2 years, 635 cases of HF occurred. The mean age at baseline was 54.6 ± 7.0 years. Median physical activity was 8.4 MET-h/week (IQR: 2.7-20.2); about 18% of women did not walk regularly while 32% reported walking pace of 3+ miles per hour. In a multivariable adjusted model, hazard ratios (95% CI) for HF were 1.0 (ref), 0.73 (0.57-0.95), 0.86 (0.69-1.07), 0.70 (0.54-0.92), and 0.93 (0.66-1.05) for physical activity of Conclusions: Our data show inverse associations of total leisure-time physical activity with HF risk that was attenuated after adjustment for usual walking pace. In contrast, usual walking pace was inversely and robustly associated with HF risk while walking time showed a J-shaped relation.
A Cross-Sectional Survey of Tobacco Exposure in Hangzhou Hotels

[Objective] To survey tobacco smoking and attitudes towards smoking control among attendants and customers in Hangzhou hotels with the aim of promoting"Tobacco Free in Hotels and Restaurants".[Methods] In the period of September to November 2011,a questionnaire survey for attendants and an interception survey for customers were conducted in 30 hotels in Hangzhou.Totally 1 462 and 368 valid interviews were completed respectively.[Results] Of the 1 462 attendants interviewed,18.3% were tobacco smokers,40.1% reported indoor smoking at workplaces,and over 25% tobacco smoke exposure rates were found in rest rooms,guest rooms,lobbies,dining halls,and corridors.In dealing with public smoking,89.2%(1 304/1 462) of the attendants would elect to"persuade",67.4%(209/310) of the customers reported attendants persuasion on smoking.In addition,93.6%(1 368/1 462) of the attendants were in favor of the"smoke-free units"establishment;85.6%(315/368) of the customers supported"Tobacco Free in Hotels and Restaurants".[Conclusion] Hotels and Restaurants are still 2 public areas with severe tobacco exposure.Both service personnel and customers have a strong willingness for smoke-free public environment,and thus smoking control in public places should be further strengthened.
Analogy by Similarity

In this chapter l discuss the relative merits of the logical and similaritybased approaches to reasoning by analogy. Although recent work by Davies and the author has shown that, given appropriate background knowledge, analogy can be viewed as a logical inference process, I reach the conclusion that pure similarity can provide a probabilistic basis for inference, and that, under certain assumptions concerning the nature of representation, a quantitative theory can be developed for the probability that an analogy is correct as a function of the degree of similarity observed. This theory also accords with psychological data (Shepard), and together with the logical approach promises to form the basis for a general implementation of analogical reasoning.
Expanded Applications of Laser Ablation-ICP-MS in Archaeology

This chapter briefly reviews novel and expanded archaeological applications of LA-ICP-MS as presented in the chapters in Part IV of this volume.
Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes of Febrile Seizures

Of approximately 14,000 children enrolled in a British Child Health and Education Study, 398 identified with febrile convulsions (FC) were assessed at age 10 years at Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, and the University of Bristol, UK.
Abstract 71: G protein-dependent Constitutive and Evoked Endothelial Cell vWF secretion

A poorly understood mechanism and yet critically important requirement of hemostasis and thrombosis is von Willebrand Factor (vWF) secretion by endothelial cells (ECs). In the present study, we used genetic approaches in vitro and in vivo to study the role of G proteins, RhoA, and αSNAP in basal and evoked EC-specific vWF secretion. As expected, αSNAP siRNA completely abolished constitutive, Ca2+-induced, as well as thrombin-induced vWF secretion from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), indicating vWF secretion is dependent on fusion and exocytosis of Weibel-Palade Bodies (WPBs). In addition, siRNA-mediated depletion of guanine-nucleotide exchange protein 12 α subunit (GNA12) inhibited both constitutive and thrombin-induced vWF secretion whereas there was no effect of GNA13 siRNA. In addition, exogenous expression of constitutively active GNA12 mutant promoted vWF secretion. In GNAq-, p115 RhoGEF-, and RhoA siRNA-depleted HUVECs, thrombin-induced vWF secretion was reduced by 40%, whereas basal vWF secretion was not affected. Based on these data, we hypothesized that GNA12 and GNAq deficiency, by affecting constitutive and Ca2+-dependent vWF secretion, would cause defects in hemostasis and thrombosis in a mouse model of vascular injury. In GNAq/11-/- mice, plasma levels of vWF were normal although clotting-time was prolonged, whereas GNA12-/- mice showed increased tail snip-clotting time, reduced laser-injury clot formation, and reduced vWF levels in blood as well as buffered-perfused mouse lungs. Importanly, purified human vWF rescued tail snip clot formation in GNA12-/- mice. In vitro binding assays revealed GNA12 N-terminal domain aa 10-15 was sufficient for binding to αSNAP, and when expressed in endothelial cells, αSNAP binding domain minigene-peptide blocked thrombin-induced vWF secretion. Taken together, these studies uncover obligitory and complementary roles of GNA12 and GNAq/11 in constitutive and evoked vWF secretion, thrombosis, and hemostasis.
Surface magnetism and proximity effects in hexaboride thin films

The unexpected ferromagnetism in alkaline hexaborides has attracted extensive research efforts. The exceptionally high Curie temperature sustained by very low density of magnetic moments is yet to be clearly understood. Here, we report the magnetic properties studied in CaB6 and SrB6 thin films and their heterostructures with SmB6 grown by pulsed laser deposition. A coexistence of ferromagnetic and superparamagnetic orders with 2D-type magnetic anisotropy was observed in CaB6 and SrB6. Boron deficiency and closely correlated local oxidization were found at the film surface that contacts air and its interface with the oxide substrate. These results suggest that the magnetism observed is likely generated by two thin surface/interface layers with high concentration of boron vacancies which are energetically stabled by oxygen cation. Additionally, clear suppression of the superconductivity proximity effect in SmB6 film was observed when SmB6 was grown on top of the magnetic CaB6. Such results demonstrate the ...
Additions to the New World Turbinellas

Inevitably, when one attempts a “complete” catalogue of any genus, there are almost certain to be omissions. Since the publication of The Genus Turbinella in the New World (Tulane Studies in Geology, vol. 2, no. 2, 1964), two species which were overlooked have come to the author’s attention. In a desire to make the catalogue more nearly complete, they are here added.
Additively manufactured WR-10 copper waveguide

Direct additive manufacturing method utilizing electron beam melting techniques was employed to produce fully dense oxygen free copper W-band waveguides. By employing smaller copper powder, finer deposition layer, and spot-melting methodology surface roughness average has been reduced from 44 μm to 28 μm. A magnetically driven abrasive process was then employed to demonstrate further surface roughness average improvement of 5 μm. Initial RF test results on as-printed WR-10 waveguide confirm that surface post-processing will be essential to implementation of additive manufacturing techniques in vacuum electronics.
Nitrogen fixation in Methanosarcina barkeri strain 227

The ability of methanogenic archaebacteria to fix N2 was independently reported by four laboratories in 1984–85. Murray and Zinder (9) and Belay, Sparling and Daniels (2) published concurrent papers describing diazotrophy in Methanosarcina barkeri strain 227 and Methanococcus thermolithotrophicus respectively, followed soon afterward by the report by Bomar, Knoll and Widdell (3) on diazotrophy in Methanosarcina barkeri strain Fusaro. Sibold et al. (16) found that eubacterial nif probes, especially nifH probes, could hybridize with restriction-enzyme digested methanogen DNA. Since then, diazotrophy has been described in several other methanogens including members of all three major methanogenic orders (1), indicating that this ability is widespread in methanogens. Diazotrophy has not been reported in the other branches of the archaebacteria, the halobacteria and sulfur-dependent thermophiles (20).
Superoxide via Sp3 mechanism increases renal renin activity, renal AT1 receptor function, and blood pressure in rats

We tested a hypothesis that superoxide, by inducing Sp3, increases renal renin activity, renal angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) function, and blood pressure (BP) in rats. Group 1 rats were tre...
Physiological effects of a spit sock.

Abstract Objectives Healthcare providers and law enforcement utilize spit socks to prevent exposure to communicable diseases transmitted by bodily fluid projection from agitated individuals. There are cases in which death is reported due to breathing being limited by a spit sock. There are no formally published studies on their use and safety. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether wearing a spit sock causes a clinically significant impact on breathing. Methods Subjects sat with the spit mask over their heads for 15 min and their vital signs and ventilatory parameters were recorded after 5 min, 10 min and 15 min. Data were compared to baseline using Student's t-test with 95% confidence intervals using SPSS. Results The median age of the 15 subjects was 28 years and 53% were male. There was no significant difference between baseline and wearing the spit sock for 5, 10 or 15 min for heart rate (p = 0.250, p = 0.181, p = 0.546), oxygen saturation (p = 0.334, p = 1.00, p = 0.173), end-tidal pCO2 (p = 0.135, p = 0.384, p = 0.187), and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.485, p = 0.508, p = 0.915). The respiratory rate was not significantly different after 5 and 10 min (p = 0.898, p = 0.583), but decreased at 15 min (p = 0.048). The systolic blood pressure was lower after 5 and 10 min (p = 0.028, p = 0.045), but not significantly different at 15 min (p = 0.146). No subject indicated distress nor did the study need to be terminated due to pre-determined concerning vital signs or ventilatory parameters. Conclusions In healthy subjects there were no clinically significant changes in the physiologic parameters of breathing while wearing a spit sock.
The Qasgiq Model as an Indigenous Intervention: Using the Cultural Logic of Contexts to Build Protective Factors for Alaska Native Suicide and Alcohol Misuse Prevention

Objectives The foundational role culture and Indigenous knowledge (IK) occupy within community intervention in American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) communities is explored. To do this, we define community or complex interventions, then critically examine ways culture is translated into health interventions addressing AIAN disparities in existing programs and research initiatives. We then describe an Indigenous intervention based in the cultural logic of its contexts, as developed by Alaska Native communities. Yup'ik coauthors and knowledge keepers provided their critical and theoretical perspectives and understandings to the overall narrative, constructing from their IK system an argument that culture is prevention. Conclusions The intervention, the Qungasvik (phonetic: koo ngaz vik; "tools for life") intervention, is organized and delivered through a Yup'ik Alaska Native process the communities term qasgiq (phonetic: kuz gik; "communal house"). We describe a theory of change framework built around the qasgiq model and explore ways this Indigenous intervention mobilizes aspects of traditional Yup'ik cultural logic to deliver strengths-based interventions for Yup'ik youth. This framework encompasses both an IK theory-driven intervention implementation schema and an IK approach to knowledge production. This intervention and its framework provide a set of recommendations to guide researchers and Indigenous communities who seek to create Indigenously informed and locally sustainable strategies for the promotion of health and well-being. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
KINETIC INVESTIGATION OF THE REDUCTION OF CYTOCHROME P-450cam BY SODIUM DITHIONITE*

Publisher Summary This chapter investigates kinetics of the reduction of cytochrome P-450 by sodium dithionite. In a study described in the chapter, all standard chemicals with the exception of sodium dithionite were obtained in reagent grade from Baker and Sigma chemical companies. Sodium dithionite (Mannox brand) was obtained from Hardman and Holdman. All experiments were carried out in 0.2 M MOPS-Tris, 0.1 M KCl with Na2SO4 to achieve a final ionic strength of 1.8 M. Both the four-fold differences in the rate constants for the reduction of camphor-free and metyrapone-bound P-450 and the similarity in the rate constants for the reduction of camphor- and metyrapone-bound P-450 indicate that the factors that control the rate of reduction are not simply a function of the spin-state of the heme iron. This suggests that the camphor and metyrapone molecules limit the direct access to the heme iron and, thus, the mechanisms for the reduction of these two species may be similar.
Philosophy on Repair In Situ vs Completing and Repair of the Partial Rotator Cuff Tear

Diagnosis and treatment of partial-thickness rotator cuff tears remain challenging. While not completely established, recent advances in the understanding of partial-thickness rotator cuff tears have clarified treatment options to a degree, and high-level data is becoming available to direct the surgeon regarding treatment.
Decolonizing Western Christianity for a Genuine Catholicity of Culture

Does Robert Schreiter's proposal for a new catholicity secure a decolonized theology of culture? This essay discusses salient elements of Schreiter's theological proposals and suggests that postcolonial theologies of culture avoid the twin pitfalls of identity politics and erasure in the Western academic study of theology by employing the methods of deconstruction. Identity claims, knowledge claims, and theological claims are to be persistently critiqued for their tendency towards totalization. Only such a practice of deconstruction aiding an active spirituality can secure a decolonized theology of culture.
Intermittent exotropia - a potential confounding factor for full-field electroretinography.

To the Editor: Full-field electroretinography (ffERG) assesses global retinal function based on measured electrical responses to standardized light stimuli under scotopic and photopic conditions. D...
Automated Harmonization of Bass Lines from Bach Chorales: A Hybrid Approach

In this article, a combination of two novel approaches to the harmonization of chorales in the style of J. S. Bach is proposed, implemented, and profiled. The first is the use of the bass line, as ...
Simulating the Effect of p-n Junction Fields on TRPL Transients of Thin-Film CdTe Solar Cells

Bias-dependent time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) transients of thin CdTe solar cells were simulated with the goal of characterizing the effect of p-n junction fields on photoluminescence decays. It was found that, although bulk lifetime could be accurately determined in field-free samples, electric field effects in solar cells lead to systematic underestimation of bulk lifetime. Modulating field strength with the application of external bias was found to have a major impact, a result corroborated by experimental data. In particular, p-n junction fields effects were found to be effectively suppressed when a cell is put far into forward bias, enabling accurate measurement of bulk lifetime in p-n junction structures.
The diminishing experience in pediatric surgery for general surgery residents in the United States

Abstract Purpose The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) regulates the general surgery residency curriculum. Case volume remains a priority as recent concerns surrounding a lack of proficiency for certain surgical cases have circulated. We hypothesize that there is a significant decrease in pediatric surgery case numbers during general surgery residency despite residents meeting the minimum case requirements. Methods We reviewed publicly available ACGME case reports for general surgery residency from 1999 to 2018. Cases are classified as Surgeon Chief or Surgeon Junior. Analyzed data included case classifications, number of residents, and number of residency programs. Simple linear regression analysis was performed. Results We identified a significant decrease in total number of logged pediatric surgery cases over the past 20 years (p Conclusion We identified a significant decrease in total pediatric surgery case numbers during general surgery residency from 1999 to 2018. Though meeting set requirements, overall case variety was limited. With minimal number of cases required by the ACGME, graduating general surgery residents may lack proficiency in simple pediatric surgery cases.
Direct antiglobulin test in the prediction of hyperbilirubinemia and predischarge bilirubin levels in infants with mother-infant blood type incompatibility.

BACKGROUND This research evaluated the association between the mother-infant blood type or rhesus (ABO or Rh) incompatibility, the pattern of neonatal jaundice, and serum bilirubin (TSB) values obtained prior to discharge from hospital of healthy born neonates with gestational age >34 weeks and birth weight >2000 g. METHODS We utilized a laboratory and neonatal database to identify the cord blood ABO/Rh and direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and TSB measured during hospitalization and re-admission with hyperbilirubinemia for phototherapy treatment. We used hour-specific TSB to analyze the TSB levels for ABO/Rh compatibility and isoimmunization using chi-square, analysis of variance, and regression models. RESULTS Of the 901 infants studied, 158 (17.5%) had ABO/Rh incompatibility, including 27 with positive DAT. Hyperbilirubinemia was diagnosed in 33.3% DAT positive, 6.9% DAT negative, and 4.6% of infants with compatible blood types. Increased predischarge TSB was observed in DAT positive infants at 48-72 h of postnatal age (P < 0.001). After controlling for age at TSB testing and weight loss percentage, multiple regression analysis did not show any impact of ABO/Rh incompatibility and DAT results on the predischarge TSB levels. CONCLUSION Blood type incompatibility increases the frequency of hyperbilirubinemia only in the DAT-positive infants. Irrespective of the isoimmunization status, it does not significantly affect the level of predischarge TSB.