cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The investigation and analysis of one case of H7N9 bird flu in Ganzhon city

Objective Through the investigation and analysis of one case of H7N9 bird flu with severe pneumonia,to provide a scientific basis for future prevention and control work. Methods Using criptive epidemiology to investigate the incidence,treatment and opossible exposure sources of the case. Implemented medical observation fot close contacts and intensive monitoring for influenza-like illness. Collected nasopharyngeal swab specimen and environmental specimens,using RT-PCR to detect influenza nucleic acid. Results The patient was confirmed as a case of H7N9 avian influenza infection,after treatment twice nucleic acid testing was negative,discharged finally. The patient had a clear history of exposure,39 of medical observation in close contact and 22 people of flu-like illness intensified surveillance did not found positive cases. It had 5 parts H7N9 positive environment samples from the exposed farmers market. The live poultry of farmers market came from other provinces affected areas. Conclusion Being exposed to live bird markets was the main factor of human infection of H7N9 avian influenza virus,cases of human-to-human transmission were not found.
Investigation on a foodborne outbreak caused by aeromonas hydrophila in a geracomium in Beijing

[Objective]To investigate the source of infection,mode of transmission and risk factors of an out break of acute gastroenteritis reported from a geracomium in Beijing City.[Methods]Descriptive epidemiological analysis,cohort study,on-site hygienic investigation and laboratory testing were applied to comprehensively analyze the causes of the outbreak,and indentify the possible risk factors.[Results]There were 77 cases,including the residents and the staff,with an attack rate of 15. 2 %( 77 /506). But the morbidity between different occupations was not significantly different. The old people were found out to have different self-care abilities among different floors. Compared to the elderly resident who could not take salad independently,those who could take care of themselves and take salad freely appeared to have a higher morbidity( P 0. 05). Basing on the survey of exposure to the breakfast salad on August 21,28. 1 %( 76 /270) of the exposed group and 0. 4 %( 1 /236) of the unexposed group fell ill,with the RR value of 66. 4( 95% CI ∶ 9. 31-474. 02). Aeromonas hydrophila was detected in some surplus food and the smear samples of feces,dinner service and the mess environment.[Conclusion]The outbreak is due to the ingestion of a salad polluted by aeromonas hydrophila. The geracomium is suggest to clean and disinfect the storage environment of the mess hall and the food processing tools thoroughly,with the raw and cooked foods storaging and processing separately.
Ru(2,2′-bpy)2(NCS)2·X (X: CH3CN, (CH3)2SO) and Related Compounds: Crystal Structure, VTFTIR, and NMR Study.

The title complex (I) crystallizes in C2/c with Z=4 as its MeCN solvate and in P1 with Z=2 as its DMSO solvate.
Urban teacher longevity: What keeps teachers of color in one under-resourced urban school?

Abstract This study investigates reasons behind long-term urban teachers’ longevity and job satisfaction. The study site is an under-resourced urban public school in the United States with high retention of long-term math and science teachers, many of whom are teachers of color. Findings suggest types of administrative support (e.g. for disciplinary issues) important and types of administrative support unimportant (e.g. instructional guidance) to longevity. Intrinsic social emotional rewards gained from interactions with students are influential to participants’ satisfaction and retention. In addition, familiarity with the community may improve retention. Trends by teachers’ race and suggestions for urban teacher retention are discussed.
Improving 3D perception by adding eye-tracking based motion parallax - an ICASSP demo

Motion parallax is one of the most important 3D clues for human vision perception. The majority of the monitors today display contents regardless of the user’s viewpoint. In this demo, we track head/eye position of the viewer based on a web camera, and use that information to render view-dependent contents, adding motion parallax to essentially any display device. In the demo we will allow ICASSP participants to try out the system, and perceive the sensation of depth provided by the technology, which is much cheaper and complementary to stereoscopic displays.
Monomicrobial Non-Neutrocytic Bacteriascites due to Salmonella enteritidis : A Case Report and Literature Review

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is diagnosed on the basis of neutrophilic leukocytosis in peritoneal fluid. In monomicrobial non-neutrocytic bacteriascites (MNB), bacterial cultures are positive in absence of neutrophilic leukocytosis (polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) < 250/mm 3 ). Salmonella is an uncommon cause of SBP and only one other case of Salmonella MNB has been reported. We report such a case of Salmonella MNB. A 70-year-old man with diabetes mellitus and cirrhosis was brought to the ED with irritability and confusion for 2 days. He had recovered from a diarrheal illness 3 days prior to presentation. Examination was notable for tachycardia, tachypnea, confusion, and ascites with diffuse abdominal tenderness. Pertinent investigations included creatinine 1.38 mg/dL, ammonia 142 mMol/L, and lactic acid 5.3 mMol/L. Diagnostic paracentesis revealed a nucleated cell count of 33/mm 3 . He was admitted to MICU for hepatic encephalopathy and severe sepsis and started on empiric vancomycin and cefepime. Salmonella enteritidis was isolated in the ascitic fluid culture on day 4. Repeat paracentesis was indicated but could not be performed because he was transferred to another hospital. Infection secondary to non-typhoidal Salmonella usually presents as a self-limited gastrointestinal disease. The diagnosis of MNB is made when ascitic fluid culture is positive but fluid PMN count is < 250/mm 3 . Thirty-eight percent of patients with MNB eventually progress to SBP, while in the rest, this represents spontaneous colonization resolving without antibiotic treatment. Mechanism of infection is translocation of bacteria across intestinal cells into the peritoneum, increasing according to the Child-Pugh classification. Treatment is recommended if patients continue to have positive ascitic fluid cultures on subsequent paracentesis or if they develop local or systemic signs of infection. MNB is a potentially life-threatening condition with mortality similar to SBP. Clinicians must follow ascitic fluid culture even when fluid PMN count is < 250/mm 3 . J Med Cases. 2016;7(8):351-353 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jmc2575w
Objects and events in the “primitive eye”: the epistemology of objectivity

“I know that the sunlight can be made to lie.” “Heart of Darkness” In a well-known passage from his preface to The Nigger of the “ Narcissus ,” Conrad writes, “My task which I am trying to achieve is, by the power of the written word to make you hear, to make you feel – it is, before all, to make you see . That – and no more, and it is everything” ( NN xiv; emphasis is Conrad's). Watt suggests that the connotations of the word see “obviously include the perception not only of visual impressions, but of ideas.” Most readers agree and interpret the word see figuratively in this instance. Nevertheless, Conrad also wants to make his readers see literally. In a letter to Blackwood, he is even more emphatic about his intent to represent literal seeing: “I aim at stimulating vision in the reader. If after reading Part 1st you don't see my man [Lingard] then I've absolutely failed.” In fact, literal and figurative “seeing” are inextricably linked in Conrad's works, and his “seeing” is far reaching; it concerns perception of events and physical objects and their relationship to knowledge, as well as its relationship to questions about the nature of human existence and the nature of western civilization. In order to make the reader “see,” Conrad employs impressionist techniques to represent his characters' perception of objects and events and to demonstrate that each perceptual experience is unique.
Clinical Use of Brain Electrical Activity Mapping

The past 10 years have witnessed rapid growth in the use of signal analysis techniques by clinical neurophysiologists. Prominent among these emerging techniques is brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM)1, defined as the topographic analysis of scalp-recorded EEG or evoked-potential (EP) data (Duffy FH, Burchfiel JL, and Lombroso CT, 1979; Duffy FH, 1986). Technically, topography refers to the analysis of spatial dimensions, whereas topographic mapping is a cartographic science. A better understanding of the current usage of BEAM is to define the technique as incorporating topographic mapping (spatial) and analysis (temporal, statistical) of electrical activity recorded from the scalp.
“But Wait, It Gets Even Weirder…”: The Meaning of Stories

In this chapter, we elaborate on how stories can be used to provide meaning in life via two very different pathways: the personal and deep reflection on the personal past to construct meaning-laden stories about how one has come to be and the humorous entertainment-oriented storytelling that provides a sense of social connection and purpose. We review research on narrative identity and the importance of using personal stories to understand the self and construct an identity. We also expand prior work on “identity deep” and “identity light” to better understand different mechanisms for defining the self and finding meaning in life.
Relation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and a Common Variant at Chromosome 4q25 to Atrial Fibrillation.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the 4q25 locus are associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). Whether these associations are independent of traditional risk factors for AF remains unknown. Using billing code queries and manual chart review, we assembled a cohort of adults that underwent overnight polysomnography and at least 1 12-lead electrocardiogram. Case status was defined by electrocardiographic data in support of AF or documentation of AF by a staff cardiologist. Controls were defined by a lack of primary evidence of AF and absence of a diagnosis of AF in the medical record. OSA severity was categorized based on Apnea-Hypopnea Index. Genotyping for a key 4q25 SNP (rs2200733) was performed using the Sequenom platform. Logistic regression was used to test for associations of AF with OSA category and 4q25 SNP genotype while adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, ancestry, hypertension status, and heart failure status. The cohort consisted of 674 subjects (62 ± 13 years; 44% women), including 132 patients with AF. After adjustment for established risk factors, the association between AF and OSA severity was borderline significant (odds ratio 1.2, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.5). The association between AF and 4q25 SNP status remained significant in a fully adjusted model that included OSA severity (odds ratio 1.5, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.7). In conclusion, OSA severity and the chromosome 4q25 SNP genotype were associated with AF status independent of clinical risk factors. Knowledge of AF-related SNPs may enhance AF risk stratification for those undergoing polysomnography.
Differences in mutation rates between right- and left-sided colorectal adenocarcinoma.

622Background: Recent reports have demonstrated inferior outcomes for patients with right-sided colorectal cancer (CRC) compared to patients with left-sided disease (Schrag et al 2016, JCO 34 (suppl; abstr 3505)) as well as differences in treatment response based on disease sidedness (Venook et al 2016, JCO 34 (suppl; abstr 3504)). However, the biological and genetic underpinnings of these clinical differences are incompletely understood. Methods: We compared mutation rates among 38 genes in a retrospective review of next-generation sequencing data of CRC samples obtained in routine clinical practice at a single academic medical center. Primary location was identified via chart review. Right = cecum to transverse colon; Left = descending colon to rectum. Results: Among 293 samples (167 left-sided, 103 right, 23 synchronous or without clear primary), BRAF and CTNNB1 mutations were more prevalent in right-sided CRC. BRAF was mutated in 15.5% of right-sided CRC (95% CI: 8.5-22.5%) compared to 4.8% (CI: 1.6-8...
History of infrared optics

A review of the development of infrared optics is presented in the context of its relationship with the overall evolution of infrared technology. Significant events in optics, detectors, materials, systems, etc. are summarized in a chart that spans the time period from 1829 to the present. Numerous references and examples of optical systems are included.
Inhibition of 12/15-Lipoxygenase Protects Against β Cell Oxidative Stress and Glycemic Deterioration in Mouse Models of Type 1 Diabetes

Islet β-cell dysfunction and aggressive macrophage activity are early features in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). 12/15-Lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) is induced in β-cells and macrophages during T1D and produces proinflammatory lipids and lipid peroxides that exacerbate β-cell dysfunction and macrophage activity. Inhibition of 12/15-LOX provides a potential therapeutic approach to prevent glycemic deterioration in T1D. Two inhibitors recently identified by our groups through screening efforts, ML127 and ML351, have been shown to selectively target 12/15-LOX with high potency. Only ML351 exhibited no apparent toxicity across a range of concentrations in mouse islets, and molecular modeling has suggested reduced promiscuity of ML351 compared with ML127. In mouse islets, incubation with ML351 improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the presence of proinflammatory cytokines and triggered gene expression pathways responsive to oxidative stress and cell death. Consistent with a role for 12/15-LOX in promoting oxidative stress, its chemical inhibition reduced production of reactive oxygen species in both mouse and human islets in vitro. In a streptozotocin-induced model of T1D in mice, ML351 prevented the development of diabetes, with coincident enhancement of nuclear Nrf2 in islet cells, reduced β-cell oxidative stress, and preservation of β-cell mass. In the nonobese diabetic mouse model of T1D, administration of ML351 during the prediabetic phase prevented dysglycemia, reduced β-cell oxidative stress, and increased the proportion of anti-inflammatory macrophages in insulitis. The data provide the first evidence to date that small molecules that target 12/15-LOX can prevent progression of β-cell dysfunction and glycemic deterioration in models of T1D.
Tensile nanomechanics and the Hall-Petch effect in nanocrystalline aluminium

Abstract This work carries out comprehensive classical molecular dynamics simulations of uniaxial tensile deformation for nanocrystalline Al samples with a broad range of different mean grain sizes. The largest nanocrystalline Al sample has a mean grain size of about 30 nm and contains over 100 millions atoms in the modeling system. The grain size dependence of yield stress and the atomic fraction of dislocations are quantified and the size dependence tensile nanomechanics are also revealed. Deformation twinning and grain boundary migration are observed as main mechanisms of tensile deformation in the nanocrystalline Al. In particular, the complete Hall-Petch relationship for the nanocrystalline Al bulk is determined for the first time in this study, from which three distinct regions are identified including the normal, inverse, and extended regions in the Hall-Petch relationship. We expect these findings will provide useful insights in the nanomechanics of nanocrystalline Al. The quantitation analyses on dislocations and mechanical properties may facilitate the design and development of high strength nanocrystalline Al and Al based alloys as well as future testing procedures for promising structural and transportation applications.
Women in Social Movement Groups as Related to Terrorism

Terrorism is no laughing matter; however, social movement groups often make a spectacle of serious issues in order to draw the public’s attention to them. Take for example women in Code Pink who wear feather boas, Statue of Liberty crowns, and clothing in “the hue of Barbie dolls” to protest for peace in the world today (Copeland, 2007, np). “They’ve dressed in pink surgical scrubs to hand out ‘prescriptions for peace,’ and in pink slips to call for the president’s ouster” (Copeland, np). Their name plays on the homeland security color-coded threat levels of yellow, orange, and red. They “wage peace” by challenging counterterrorism policies associated with the war on terror, such as the use of drones, and by urging the impeachment of both George W. Bush and Barak Obama (Code Pink, 2012).
The undying ideologies of race and gender: the zombie apocalypse in Telltale’s The Walking Dead: Season One

Telltale Games’ narrative-based The Walking Dead: Season One portrays Lee Everett, an African American male, fighting through the zombie apocalypse. In addition to providing an intriguing c...
THE INTERACTION OF CHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED 21 BASE PAIR LAC OPERATOR WITH THE LAC REPRESSOR

ABSTRACT The interaction of lac repressor with 21 base pair lac operator, chemically synthesized by a phosphotriester method, has been studied in considerable detail. The binding of the synthetic operator to the lac repressor is similar to that of natural operator in lambda plac DNA in its response to salt, temperature, and effector ligands. A good response is seen with IPTG, an inducer, and ONPF, an anti-inducer. The affinity of 21 base pair operator for repressor is less than that of natural operator in lambda plac, but the reduction in affinity is close to that predicted from a consideration of the involvement of unspecific interactions with adjacent DNA in the overall binding mechanism for natural operator.
Violence Reduction Among the Gebusi of Papua New Guinea – And Across Humanity

One of the striking variations across humanity is the degree to which people kill, or do not kill, one another. The homicide rate in Japan, at 0.44 per 100,000 populations, is less than one-twelfth the U.S. homicide rate (approximately 5.4 killings per 100,000 people). The U.S. rate is itself almost ten times less than the current homicide rate in Honduras, at 58 per 100,000 per annum. Overall, homicide rates across the world currently vary by a factor of approximately 133. Human diversity in lethal violence is also amply evident over time. The rate of killing from all sources in Europe during World War II—the bloodiest conflict known to date—claimed between 50 and 60 million lives, resulting in a homicide rate that can be estimated to be between approximately 455 and 600 persons per 100,000 per annum. Against this, the homicide rate has in recent decades been between 0 and 3 persons per 100,000 persons annually in Western Europe. (Liechtenstein has registered a killing rate of zero out of a population of more than 35,000 in most recent years.) The rate is somewhat higher in Eastern Europe, between 5 and 10 per 100,000.
OCTOPAMINE NEURONS IN THE LOBSTER

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the identification of a group of octopamine containing neurons in lobsters. The large size of many of the neuronal somata means that single identified cells can be isolated from the ganglia. A group of peripheral octopaminergic neurons has been identified at the bifurcation of the second thoracic roots of the lobster nervous system; these cells have the characteristic morphological appearance of neurosecretory cells. Octopamine is released from them specifically by a potassium-mediated depolarization at two sites. One is in the region of the cell bodies themselves, and the second is in the pericardial organs, to which at least some of the cells project. No endogenous noradrenaline can be detected in the lobster's nervous system and it metabolizes exogenously applied tyrosine to only octopamine and dopamine. Neutral red staining is used to investigate the distribution of the cells in the thoracic portions of the lobster nerve cord. Moreover, octopamine release has been studied both from the proximal regions of the second thoracic roots, where the root cells elaborate a complex meshwork of release sites, and from the pericardial organs. The properties of the release mechanism are identical in both regions. Finally, octopamine release in. vivo presumably occurs when the neurosecretory terminals, in the root cell region or pericardial organs, become depolarized because of the arrival of an action potential.
A query-driven interesting rule discovery using associations and spanning operations

In practice, users may often want interesting rules that are also related with user goals . This paper describes a technique of mining useful rules both interesting and related to user goals. According to the degree of relevancy to a user goal, a database can be divided into the five views: from the view positively related to the user goal to the view unrelated. To each such view, our novel technique of data mining can be applied. The union and join operations in SQL, unlike the traditional approaches which apply association and prunning operations to one view, are applied to one or more of those views. While the pattern association operation joins patterns over the different attributes, the pattern spanning operation unions patterns over the same attributes. The combination of two operations keeps both confidence and supportiveness measures together, and differenciation of query views enables us to produce the desired level of interestingness and relevancy.
Beyond autophagy: a novel role for autism-linked Wdfy3 in brain mitophagy

WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing 3 (WDFY3; also known as Autophagy-Linked FYVE or Alfy) is an identified intellectual disability, developmental delay and autism risk gene. This gene encodes for a scaffolding protein that is expressed in both the developing and adult central nervous system and required for autophagy and aggrephagy with yet unexplored roles in mitophagy. Given that mitochondrial trafficking, dynamics and remodeling have key roles in synaptic plasticity, we tested the role of Wdfy3 on brain bioenergetics by using Wdfy3+/lacZ mice, the only known Wdfy3 mutant animal model with overt neurodevelopmental anomalies that survive to adulthood. We found that Wdfy3 is required for sustaining brain bioenergetics and morphology via mitophagy. Decreased mitochondrial quality control by conventional mitophagy was partly compensated for by the increased formation of mitochondria-derived vesicles (MDV) targeted to lysosomal degradation (micromitophagy). These observations, extended through proteomic analysis of mitochondria-enriched cortical fractions, showed significant enrichment for pathways associated with mitophagy, mitochondrial transport and axon guidance via semaphorin, Robo, L1cam and Eph-ephrin signaling. Collectively, our findings support a critical role for Wdfy3 in mitochondrial homeostasis with implications for neuron differentiation, neurodevelopment and age-dependent neurodegeneration.
Pulmonary-Sparing Anti-MDA5-Positive Dermatomyositis with Scleroderma Overlap, Glomerulonephritis and Cardiomyopathy (P3.460)

Objective: To describe a novel case of Anti-MDA5-Positive Dermatomyositis(MDA5-DM) that deviates from the classical presentation. Background: Anti-melanoma differentiation associated gene 5(MDA5) antibodies are found in a minority of dermatomyositis (DM) patients with a phenotype that includes interstitial lung disease (ILD) and cutaneous ulcerations. Positive anti-MDA5 antibodies have been reported in patients with rheumatologic disease on only 2 prior occasions. Design/Methods: Single case report Results: A 32-year-old Japanese-American man with history of cocaine use presented with a 1.5-year history of progressive weakness associated with 40-lb weight loss, arthralgias, dysphagia, discolored painful fingers, and Raynaud’s phenomenon. He was admitted for cardiogenic shock (ejection fraction 10–20%). Examination revealed painful distal finger pressure ulcers, erythematous palmar macules with sclerodactyly and gangrene; alopecia; and proximal muscle weakness. Laboratory results showed elevated aldolase, normal creatine kinase, and cryoglobulinemia. Anti-Scl-70, anti-ribonucleic acid-polymerase-III, anti-centromere, and anti-polymyositis/Scl antibodies were negative. Hepatitis C antibody was positive 1/3 times, but given an undetectable viral load, was deemed false–positive. EMG/NCSs found diffuse, irritable myopathy with length-dependent axonal sensory neuropathy. Muscle biopsy found scattered perivascular T- and B-cells, with autophagic vacuoles on electron microscopy. Renal biopsy revealed glomerulonephritis(GN) with full-house immune complex mesangial deposition. Additional tests found upper esophageal sphincter dysfunction and calcified pelvic soft tissues. No evidence of ILD. Anti-MDA5 antibodies were detected. Finger ulcers, strength, and repeat EMG improved after 2 IV immunoglobulin courses. Conclusions: Anti-MDA5/scleroderma overlap without ILD and with GN is a novel presentation of MDA5-DM. This case also contributes to pathologic findings in MDA5-DM as autophagic vacuoles are not well described. Cryoglobulinemia raises questions of the causality of anti-MDA5 antibody production and its relative contributions to neuropathy, GN, and skin findings. Another important feature of this case is the possible correlation of pulmonary involvement with the level of Ab. Lastly, the concurrent, new onset cardiomyopathy raises the possibility of its relationship with MDA5-DM. Disclosure: Dr. Sasannejad has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cimino has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chui has nothing to disclose. Dr. Adler has nothing to disclose.
Passive higher-harmonic rf cavities with general settings and multibunch instabilities in electron storage rings

© 2018 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the »https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/» Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. We introduce a perturbation-theory, mode-analysis method for longitudinal multibunch instabilities driven by the higher harmonic cavity (HHC) fundamental mode. The method, based on the exact solution of the unperturbed particle motion in the rf bucket and suitable for modeling the effect of cavities with general settings, is applied to study the feasibility of reutilizing the existing Advanced Light Source (ALS) HHCs in the ALS Upgrade (ALS-U). We find that with ALS cavities the ALS-U would be susceptible to a fast =1 mode instability. Interestingly, the instability is driven by the imaginary rather than the real part of the cavity fundamental-mode impedance.
Alpha-fluorescence (αS1) from thermally stable carbon nanodots

Abstract Fluorescence from carbon nanodots has been of keen interest over the past decade; however, exploration of radiative pathways including delayed fluorescence (ɑS1) from nanodots have hitherto seen little investigation, thus limiting the scope of nanodot applications. Simple synthesis strategies for ɑS1-emitting nanodots therefore remain necessary. Herein we report an inexpensive, quasi-spherical nanodot structure from combustion-based synthesis exhibiting strong excitation-dependent ɑS1 emission upon aggregation to 100 nm sizes. Interestingly, ɑS1 emission intensity is found to increase with increased temperature. The nanodots also exhibit photostability over multiple heating and cooling cycles, suggesting the possible use of these carbon nanodots as temperature-sensitive luminescence probes.
Initial Validation of IBD KNOW-IT: Measuring Patient and Caregiver Knowledge of a Child’s Disease and Treatment Regimen

The present study describes the development and initial validation of a newly developed measure of child and caregiver knowledge of the child's own IBD and treatment, called IBD KNOW-IT. One hundred and fifty-five children and their caregivers completed the IBD KNOW-IT as well as a scale designed to compare each dyad's perceived knowledge to their actual knowledge. Initial psychometric evaluation of IBD KNOW-IT was completed by conducting factor analysis and determining internal consistency, convergent validity, and associations with demographic and medical characteristics. Results supported the validity of a 12-item measure with 4 subscales including Symptoms, Medication Regimen, Disease Monitoring, and Medical Team. Support for the internal consistency of IBD KNOW-IT was obtained. Evidence of validity was demonstrated by significant correlations between child and caregiver scales, and high congruence between perceived and actual knowledge across all subscales. The reliability of the measure was demonstrated by good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Preliminary psychometric evaluation suggests that IBD KNOW-IT is reliable and valid.
Chapter 8 – Techniques for Motor Assessment in Rodents

Among a wide variety of model systems, rodents provide a unique, testable, and translational tool for modeling movement disorders. It is important to first select a model that offers construct validity (i.e., reflects mechanisms underlying pathological features of the disease), then various methods can be used to assess motor dysfunction. Even though motor assessments can provide face validity to models of motor disorders, rodents cannot be expected to faithfully reproduce human deficits. Rather, these motor tests may provide reliable endpoint measures despite the presence of deficits not closely related to those seen in humans. Using multiple motor tests in parallel can help correctly assess motor deficits and assist in interpreting results. The motor tests discussed here assess motor coordination, balance, fine motor skills, general exploration and locomotion, sensorimotor skills, limb bias, grip strength, and gait. Although some tests listed in this chapter are designed for use specifically in either rats or mice, they often can be modified for use in either rodent model.
Management of velopharyngeal insufficiency: The evolution of care and the current state of the art

Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is a condition in which there is incomplete closure of the velopharyngeal valve during speech production. This results in hypernasality and/or audible nasal emission. Nasal emission can cause additional secondary characteristics, including weak or omitted consonants, compensatory articulation productions, short utterance length, and even dysphonia. Overall, this condition affects the quality and intelligibility of speech production, which can have a significant effect on the individual's communication and social interactions. This article provides a brief overview of how the management of VPI has evolved over the past 40 years (which is the extent of this author's career). In addition, the current state of the art in VPI management is discussed from this author's perspective. Finally, a pathway is suggested for the future evolution of care for patients affected by VPI.
The effect of four different freezing conditions and time in frozen storage on the concentration of commonly measured growth factors and enzymes in equine platelet-rich plasma over six months

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a therapeutic biologic that is used for treatment of musculoskeletal pathologies in equine athletes. Due to the expense of PRP kits, and the volumes obtained, freezing aliquots for future dosing is common. Aliquots of PRP are also commonly frozen for later analysis of growth factor concentrations in in vitro research. A variety of freezing methods are used and storage duration until analysis is often not reported. The optimal frozen storage conditions and duration to maintain concentrations of commonly measured growth factors and enzymes in PRP are unknown. Our objectives were two-fold. First, to determine the effect of a single freeze-thaw cycle on PRP protein concentrations and establish their baseline levels. Second, to evaluate the effect of storage in -20 °C automatic defrost freezer, − 20 °C manual defrost freezer, − 80 °C manual defrost freezer, and liquid nitrogen for 1, 3, and 6 months on PRP protein concentrations, compared to the established baseline concentrations. Fold-change between fresh activated and snap frozen PRP were analyzed using paired t-test. A snap frozen-thaw cycle resulted in increased MMP-9 (p = 0.0021), and a small significant decrease in TGF-β1 (p = 0.0162), while IGF-1 and PDGF-BB were unchanged compared to fresh activated PRP. Fold-change over time within storage method were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test. IGF-1 decreased in all conditions (p < 0.0001). At all time-points at -20 °C (p < 0.0001), and at 3 and 6 months at -80 °C (p < 0.0070), PDGF-BB decreased. TGF- β1 was unchanged or increased after 6 months (p < 0.0085). MMP-9 decreased at 3-months at -20 °C, and at all times at -80 °C and in liquid nitrogen compared to snap frozen (p < 0.0001). The protein profile of equine frozen-stored PRP differs from fresh PRP. For clinical applications equine PRP can be stored at -80 °C for 1 month or in liquid nitrogen for 6 months to maintain PDGF-BB and TGF-β1 concentration, but IGF-1 concentrations will be reduced. The storage temperature and duration should be reported in studies measuring protein concentrations in PRP. To accurately measure IGF-1 concentrations, PRP samples should be analyzed immediately.
Automatic Assessment and Prediction of the Resilience of Utility Poles Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Computer Vision Techniques

The utility poles of electric power distribution lines are very vulnerable to many natural hazards, while power outages due to pole failures can lead to adverse economic and social consequences. Utility companies, therefore, need to monitor the conditions of poles regularly and predict their future conditions accurately and promptly to operate the distribution system continuously and safely. This article presents a novel pole monitoring method that uses state-of-the-art deep learning and computer vision methods to meet the need. The proposed method automatically captures the current pole inclination angles using an unmanned aerial vehicle. The method calculates the bending moment exerted on the poles due to wind and gravitational forces, as well as cable weight, to compare it with the moment of rupture. The method also includes a machine learning-based model that is built by using a support vector machine to predict the resilience conditions of a pole after a wind event in a faster manner. The three modules of the proposed method are effective tools to classify pole conditions and are expected to enable utility companies to increase the resilience of their systems.
Shifting the pattern: lateral thinking and machine vision

Pattern recognition and machine vision are two defining features of a drone’s sensor. The following essay sets out to examine these features by combining machinic and artistic frameworks for unders...
Fenestrated and Branched Endografts

Fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic aneurysm repair is evolving and achieving its maturity in treatment of complex abdominal and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. Excellent early- and long-term results have been reported by multiple institutions. These procedures are complex and require advanced endovascular imaging and technique. The objective of this chapter is to provide a summary of different stent graft designs and general technical principles of implantation.
Experimental test of the geometric model of image formation in bright‐field microscopy

In the geometric optics approximation, an image formed by an objective lens replicates the distribution of intensity at the front focal plane of the objective. Although this fact represents a fundamental optical principle, its application to analysis of bright-field microscopic images was developed only recently and has not been tested experimentally. In this paper, we applied simple ray tracing to compute an image of a glass cylinder at various positions of the objective and to compare it to the experiment. We obtained a close match between theory and observation, except for a slight underestimation of the intensity in the middle part of the cylinder. The likely reason for this minor difference was constructive interference due to lens-like properties of a cylinder, which could not be accounted for by geometric approximation. We expect that such artefacts would be negligible in imaging of live cells, and the geometric approach would successfully complement the existing quantitative phase methods.
Simple and Effective Approaches for Uncertainty Prediction in Facial Action Unit Intensity Regression

Knowing how much to trust a prediction is important for many critical applications. We describe two simple approaches to estimate uncertainty in regression prediction tasks and compare their performance and complexity against popular approaches. We operationalize uncertainty in regression as the absolute error between a model’s prediction and the ground truth. Our two proposed approaches use a secondary model to predict the uncertainty of a primary predictive model. Our first approach leverages the assumption that similar observations are likely to have similar uncertainty and predicts uncertainty with a non-parametric method. Our second approach trains a secondary model to directly predict the uncertainty of the primary predictive model. Both approaches outperform other established uncertainty estimation approaches on the MNIST, DISFA, and BP4D+datasets. Furthermore, we observe that approaches that directly predict the uncertainty generally perform better than approaches that indirectly estimate uncertainty.
Fast Optimal Subsampling Probability Approximation for Generalized Linear Models

Abstract For massive data, subsampling techniques are popular to mitigate computational burden by reducing the data size. In a subsampling approach, subsampling probabilities for each data point are specified to obtain an informative sub-data, and then estimates based on the sub-data are obtained to approximate estimates from the full data. Assigning subsampling probabilities based on minimization of the asymptotic mean squared error of the estimator from a general subsample (A-optimality criterion) is a popular approach, however, it is still computationally demanding to calculate the probabilities under this setting. To efficiently approximate the A-optimal subsampling probabilities for generalized linear models, randomized algorithms are proposed. To develop the algorithms, the Johnson-Lindenstrauss Transform and Subsampled Randomized Hadamard Transform are used. Additionally, optimal subsampling probabilities are derived for the Gaussian linear model in the case where both the regression coefficients and dispersion parameter are of interest, and algorithms are developed to approximate the optimal subsampling probabilities. Simulation studies indicate that the estimators based on the developed algorithms have excellent performance for statistical inference and have substantial savings in computing time compared to the direct calculation of the A-optimal subsampling probabilities.
Sex and Mental Health Disorder Differences Among Military Service Members With Patellofemoral Syndrome

Background: Mental health disorders are associated with persistent knee pain, but the association between these conditions has had little investigation in the military. The purpose of this study was to identify rates of mental health disorders in patients with patellofemoral pain (PFP) and determine differences by sex and whether mental health copresence influences outcomes. Methods: Eligible patients with a new PFP diagnosis were categorized according to sex and presence of mental health disorders. Outcomes included odds of mental health disorder before/after initial PFP diagnosis based on sex, and knee-related health care use between patients with/without mental health disorders. Results: In 81,832 individuals with PFP (71.1% men; mean age 33; 91.5% active duty), copresence of any mental health disorders was common (18% men; 28% women). Women had more depression and anxiety; men had more post-traumatic stress disorder and substance abuse disorders. Concurrent mental health disorders after initial PFP diagnosis resulted in higher medical costs and odds of a recurrence (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.20, 1.28; P Conclusion: Mental health disorders are common in military service members seeking care for patellofemoral pain. Differences in prevalence vary by sex, and presence of mental health disorders adversely affected long-term health care outcomes.
Book Analysis of Interviewing as Qualitative Research (Seidman, 2013)

This precis presents a description, critical analysis, and evaluation of the quality, meaning, and significance of Interviewing as Qualitative Research: A Guide for Researchers in Education and the Social Sciences (Seidman, 2013).
Assessment of Racial Differences in Pharmacotherapy Efficacy for Smoking Cessation: Secondary Analysis of the EAGLES Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Understanding Black vs White differences in pharmacotherapy efficacy and the underlying reasons is critically important to reducing tobacco-related health disparities. Objective To compare pharmacotherapy efficacy and examine variables to explain Black vs White differences in smoking abstinence. Design, Setting, and Participants This study is a secondary analysis of the Evaluating Adverse Events in a Global Smoking Cessation Study (EAGLES) double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial, which took place at clinical trial centers, academic centers, and outpatient clinics in 29 states in the US. US Black and White smokers who smoked 10 or more cigarettes per day with and without psychiatric comorbidity were enrolled between November 2011 and January 2015. Data analysis was performed from July 2019 to January 2020. Interventions Participants were randomized (1:1:1:1) in a double-blind, triple-dummy, placebo- and active-controlled (nicotine patch) trial of varenicline and bupropion for 12 weeks with follow-up through week 24. Main Outcomes and Measures Biochemically verified continuous cigarette abstinence rate (CAR) from weeks 9 to 24. Baseline, postbaseline treatment, and safety characteristics were examined as variables to explain race differences in abstinence. Results Of the 1065 Black smokers enrolled, 255 were randomized to receive varenicline, 259 received bupropion, 286 received nicotine replacement therapy (NRT [ie, nicotine patch]), and 265 received placebo. Among the 3044 White smokers enrolled, 778 were randomized to receive varenicline, 769 received bupropion, 738 received NRT, and 759 received placebo. Participants were predominantly female (614 Black [57.7%] and 1786 White [58.7%] women) and heavy smokers (mean [SD] cigarettes per day, 18.2 [7.9] for Black and 20.0 [7.5] for White smokers), with a mean (SD) age of 47.2 (11.2) years for Black and 46.5 (12.7) years for White participants. Treatment and race were associated with CAR for weeks 9 to 24. The CAR was 4.9% lower for Black vs White participants (odds ratio [OR], 0.53; 95% CI, 0.41-0.69;P Conclusions and Relevance Black and White smokers achieved the highest rate of abstinence while taking varenicline, suggesting that it is the best first-line therapy for these groups. However, Black smokers were less responsive to all therapies, including placebo. Understanding variables (eg, socioeconomic or biological) beyond those may lead to improved treatment outcomes for Black smokers. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT01456936
Addressing Complex State Constraints in the Diffeomorphic Transformation Based Barrier Avoidance Control

For the state-constrained control problem with complex barrier regions, this study presents an effective construction method of the state transformation for the barrier avoidance control design. The diffeomorphic transformation in barrier avoidance control converts a constrained control problem into an unconstrained one, and enables the nonlinear control design in the new coordinates. However, a systematic way to construct such a transformation under a non-hyperrectangular barrier shape has never been explored in the literature. This paper provides a guideline to choose this diffeomorphic transformation in a cascade manner for a class of complex barrier regions. The proposed method is applied to a high-order double integrator system through sliding mode control in the case study, showing the efficacy of this work.
Assessing Quality in Classrooms that Blend State Pre-Kindergarten and Head Start Funding: The Case of Michigan

Research Findings: In recent years, several initiatives have been put into place both federally and state-wide to expand access to high-quality early education programs. At the center of these effo...
Fertilizers in aquaculture

Abstract Pond fertilization is an important component of semi-intensive to intensive aquaculture pond management that supports successful production of the culture organism. Semi-intensive and intensive aquaculture pond management fall along the extensive to hyperintensive management continuum and are characterized by high stocking rate of the culture animal, limited use of fertilizers, use of compound or complete feeds, and water quality monitoring and management, including use of mechanical aeration. Fertilization contributes to establishing and maintaining a pond environment that allows the culture organism to efficiently utilize the compound or complete feeds offered. This chapter presents information on pond food webs, sources and form in water of macronutrients required by phytoplankton, chemical and organic fertilizers, fertilizer solubility, fertilization frequency, and examples of pond fertilization regimes.
Defining Features of Applied Behavior Analysis

Abstract This chapter provides a summary and description of the defining features of behavior analysis within the framework provided by Baer, Wolf, and Risley (1968) . Those dimensions include: (a) applied, (b) behavioral, (c) analytic, (d) technological, (e) conceptually systematic, (f) effective, and (g) generalizable. In this chapter, I briefly review and describe how these dimensions characterize work conducted in various areas of focus, settings, and populations. Each of the dimensions is described and demonstrated using examples from various child, adult, and organizational ABA-based research.
Intellectual Curiosity and the Scientific Revolution: A Global Perspective

Part I. Something New Under the Sun: 1. Introduction: outline of a new perspective 2. Inventing the discovery machine 3. The new telescopic evidence 4. The 'far seeing looking glass' goes to China 5. 'Galileo's glass' goes to the Muslim world Part II. Patterns of Education: 6. Three ideals of higher education: Islamic, Chinese, and Western Part III. Science Unbound: 7. Infectious curiosity I: anatomy and microbiology 8. Infectious curiosity II: weighing the air and atmospheric pressure 9. Infectious curiosity III: magnetism and electricity 10. Prelude to the grand synthesis 11. The path to the grand synthesis 12. The scientific revolution in comparative perspective Epilogue: science, literacy and economic development.