cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
eSim: A software architecture for Web enabled simulation

eSim was developed by Draper-Houston to provide a distributed analysis and simulation capability. It is a concept and architecture for Web-enabled simulation. It utilizes a Client/Server construct to Web-enable any simulation. First generation eSim is a general purpose simulation server. With eSim, any simulation can be executed, input parameters entered, and results viewed either in text format, graphically or via animation from a standard Web browser. Additional software and modifications to existing simulations are not required, eSim l provides an interactive capability which allows changing input parameters and viewing corresponding results during the simulation. It also provides the capability to run the simulation in real-time mode. Examples are used to illustrate eSim and eSim l capabilities.
3-Bromopyruvate induces necrotic cell death in sensitive melanoma cell lines

Clinicians successfully utilize high uptake of radiolabeled glucose via PET scanning to localize metastases in melanoma patients. To take advantage of this altered metabolome, 3-bromopyruvate (BrPA) was used to overcome the notorious resistance of melanoma to cell death. Using four melanoma cell lines, BrPA triggered caspase independent necrosis in two lines, whilst the other two lines were resistant to killing. Mechanistically, sensitive cells differed from resistant cells by; constitutively lower levels of glutathione, reduction of glutathione by BrPA only in sensitive cells; increased superoxide anion reactive oxygen species, loss of outer mitochondrial membrane permeability, and rapid ATP depletion. Sensitive cell killing was blocked by N-acetylcysteine or glutathione. When glutathione levels were reduced in resistant cell lines, they became sensitive to killing by BrPA. Taken together, these results identify a metabolic-based Achilles' heel in melanoma cells to be exploited by use of BrPA. Future pre-clinical and clinical trials are warranted to translate these results into improved patient care for individuals suffering from metastatic melanoma.
Cultural Stereotyping versus Neutrality of Freudian Sexual Symbols: A Brief Survey:

A survey of 51 male and 45 female Freudian sexual symbols was employed to assess whether symbols would be perceived as culturally stereotyped or culturally neutral according to prevailing American sex roles. 30 men and 30 women served as respondents. Symbols were designated as male, female, or neutral according to the American culture. Male and female designations were collapsed and defined as culturally stereotyped responses; neutral designations were regarded as nonstereotyped and culturally neutral. Chi-squared analyses via Yates's correction combined for men and women indicated that 13 male (25%) and 19 (42%) female sexual symbols were significantly designated as culturally neutral. Findings support that certain sexual symbols are culturally stereotyped whereas others are more culturally neutral. Neutral symbols may be regarded as more universal which Freudian theory suggests. Experimental and therapeutic implications and precautions are noted.
Automatic orienting of visuospatial attention in Parkinson's disease

The basal ganglia are involved in not only motor behavior, but also other more cognitive processes, such as attention. We tested Parkinson's disease (PD) patients in a task that measures reflexive orienting of spatial attention. Seven patients with idiopathic PD and eight control subjects performed a covert orienting task where spatial attention was directed by means of exogenous cues (luminance increments) with no predictive validity for target position. The subjects' task was to make a speeded saccade to a visual target, which appeared a variable time after onset of the cue either in the cued or an uncued spatial position. There was no overall difference between PD patients and control subjects in terms of the initial facilitation following reflexive cues, and later inhibition of return (IOR). However, PD patients differed from control subjects in two important respects. First, they were significantly faster than were control subjects on this reflexive visual-orienting task. Second, disease severity correlated with attentional performance; more advanced patients showed less initial facilitation but greater IOR. Thus PD patients show better performance on a reflexive saccade task and, for more advanced patients, greater IOR than control subjects. These findings are consistent with the possibility that reflexive attentional processes in PD patients may be more active.
Intelligent Sustainable Design: Integration of Carbon Accounting and Building Information Modeling

Buildings embody and consume among the largest fraction of energy within the built environment, and likewise they are responsible for large emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), often referred to as their carbon footprint. From smalland medium-sized buildings to the most energy intensive of structures, architects and engineers are faced with many new challenges in designing and retrofitting buildings for reduced energy and GHG intensity. Engineers and environmental scientists have been examining the embodied energy and related carbon emissions of buildings for more than 40 years (Baird and Chan 1983; Buchanan and Honey 1994; Cole 1998; Venkatarama Reddy and Jagadish 2003; Nassen et al. 2007; Kellenberger and Althaus 2009), yet arguably few undergraduates recognize this research as a basis for sustainable design. As sustainable and “green” design has become more prevalent in the architecture and engineering industries, college graduates must be prepared not only to follow environmental guidelines but also to understand the implications as well. After more than two decades of research into “greening” the design and construction of buildings, many new methods and tools have emerged to meet the energy challenges of the built environment. Residential and commercial buildings in the United States currently consume about 40% of the country’s primary energy and emit 20% of the national carbon dioxide budget (Yeang 1999; Yudelson 2007; Dimoudi and Tompa 2008; U.S. Department of Energy 2009; U.S. Energy Information Administration 2010). Thus, one major focus of sustainable building design is to reduce the carbon intensity of building components as well as lower operational energy demand (Kellenberger and Althaus 2009). Courses that focus on sustainability are becoming integral within higher education as part of greenand sustainable-engineering undergraduate programs (AASHE 2010). Within the civil engineering discipline, life-cycle assessment (LCA) has become an important analytical framework for evaluating the environmental sustainability of civil engineering infrastructure. Moreover, for architectural engineering specifically, building information modeling (BIM) is evolving as a valuable tool for meeting sustainability objectives in building programs. This paper discusses the experience of combining BIM and LCA methods in undergraduate and graduate engineering teaching at Drexel University and the application of commercial BIM and LCA software for teaching sustainable design of buildings.
Parametric effects of blocking and winning in a competition paradigm of human aggression

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of parametric manipulations of blocking and winning upon human aggression in a competitive game. Both manipulations affected the number of blocks delivered by subjects, but neither manipulation influenced shocking. The failure to find aggression effects was attributed to the low levels of nonarbitrary frustration produced by the manipulations. Mood data from Experiment 1 confirmed the validity of the shock response in the competition paradigm.
Contours of Black Political Thought: An Introduction and Perspective

This essay aims to demonstrate how attention to black political thought might expand and complicate our understanding of modern politics and the conceptualization of the political in contemporary political theory, and in modern politics more generally. Black political thought can be viewed as the attempt to develop a set of critical tools to help explain the political distinctiveness of black life-worlds and how this distinctiveness is structured by a series of relations between individual and community, self and other, state and society, citizen and non-citizen, and national and multinational (or global) circumstances. Too often, black politics is exclusively considered as a form of minority group politics and phenomena reducible to empirical investigation and observation, rather than a set of practices with underlying conceptual, theoretical, and epistemological premises. If we understand race as a fundamentally relational concept, namely, an assumption of dynamic interaction between two or more putativ...
Modeling timing features in broadcast news video classification

Broadcast news programs are well-structured video, and timing can be a strong predictor for specific types of news reports. However, learning a classifier using timing features may not be an easy task when training data are noisy. We approach the problem from the generative model perspective, and approximate the class density in a non-parametric fashion. The results show that timing is a simple but extremely effective feature, and our method can achieve significantly better performance than a discriminative classifier.
Ki-67 Correlates With In Vivo Bromodeoxyuridine Labeling Index in Operable Breast Cancer

TO THE EDITOR: In their review of Ki-67 and breast cancer, Urruticoechea, Smith, and Dowsett 1 are correct that in vivo labeling of S-phase breast cancer cells with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is “laborious” and that proliferation rate measured with in vivo labeling of S-phase tumor cells with BrdU is a useful “gold standard.” However, four of the five references they list report in vitro, not in vivo labeling with BrdU, 2-5 and the fifth reference does not include BrdU at all. 6 There has been one published comparison of in vivo BrdU and Ki-67 in breast cancer. This study found a high correlation between Ki-67 and in vivo labeling of S-phase cells with BrdU. 7 Both of these indices of proliferation indicated risk of recurrence in the first 5 years that was comparable to, and not statistically different from, prognostic information based on node status. 8 This study with in vivo BrdU is unlikely to be repeated because (1) in vivo BrdU cannot be recommended for widespread clinical use and (2) Ki-67 has emerged as a readily obtained marker of proliferation that correlates highly with both in vivo and in vitro labeling of S-phase tumor cells with BrdU.
Efficient Boolean matching algorithm for cell libraries

An efficient algorithm for searching for functional cells based on Boolean matching in a large library is presented. Redundant variables and permutation of inputs are considered in this algorithm. The algorithm does a search in constant time, independent of the size of the library. >
Facts of Migration, Demands on Identity: Christian Petzold's Yella and Jerichow in Comparison1

This article explores Christian Petzold's cinematic contribution to processes of identity-formation in a unified Germany by comparing the treatment of migration in his films Yella and Jerichow. In these two films, Petzold suggestively crosses the East-West divide of the nation with ethnic, gender, and class difference to expose lingering fault-lines in German society. By focusing on Petzold's correlation of East-West German with German-Turkish tensions under the rubric of an expanded conception of ethnicity, the political content of Petzold's works is described in terms of their negative finding: that it is as impossible to be an East-West German as it is to be a German-Turk in the new nation. In a redress of the limits placed on hybrid forms of identity, Petzold subtly confronts his spectators with their own complicity in the mechanisms of identitarian restriction. This constitutes the political impact of his films.
Antioxidants reversibly inhibit the spontaneous resumption of meiosis

We previously showed that the cell-permeant antioxidant 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) inhibited germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in oocyte-cumulus complexes (OCC) of the rat. The objectiv...
Teaching Morality in Armed Conflict - the Israel Defence Forces Model

The traditional concept of war between States has been replaced by armed conflict between States and non-State actors, some State supported. The non-State actors are terrorists who do not wear uniforms, have insignias nor carry their weapons openly as the Geneva Convention requires soldiers to do. In the contemporary battlefield, civilians are omnipresent; they are dressed like the terrorist who in clear violation of international law, uses them as human shields. The soldier, as required by international law, must distingiush between the combatant and the non-combatant. Furthermore, international law requires the soldier to make every effort to minimize collateral damage. In addition, soldiers must also conduct themselves morally in armed conflict. In response to these twin obligations - international law and requirements of morality in armed conflict - the Israel Defence Forces developed an eleven point code of conduct based on international law, Israeli law and an IDF code. The code of conduct is taught via an interactive video developed by the IDF School of Military Law. The video includes clips from relevant Hollywood movies, high-tech graphics and scenarios taken from real-live events. The article examines and analyzes how an army trains and educates its soldiers and junior commanders on issues related to international law and morality.
Data from the sea..., the U.S. Navy's AN/WSQ-6 (series) drifting buoy program

A prime objective of Naval Oceanography is to get data, "From the sea...," and quickly into the hands of the Fleet operators whose safety, sensors, and systems are influenced by it. Changing world politics and economics will undoubtedly reduce the number of maritime observations in the future with increasing reliance being made on automated reporting systems. The Oceanographer of the Navy has been investigating methods to reduce reliance on single profile expendables and ship observations by development of a series of satellite reporting expendable drifting buoys. These buoys will be capable of measuring air temperature, sea surface temperature, barometric pressure, subsurface ocean temperature with depth, ambient noise, wind speed, wind direction, and directional wave spectra. These developmental buoys have been designated by the Navy as the AN/WSQ-6 (series) drifting buoys. This paper updates some of the Navy's recent testing of these buoys and provides insight into the engineering challenges ahead for additional sensor development. >
MELDing data flow and object-oriented programming

MELD combines concepts from data flow and object-oriented programming languages in a unique approach to tool reusability. MELD provides three units of abstraction — equations, classes and features — that together allow sufficient options for granularity and encapsulation to support the implementation of reusable tools and the composition of existing tools in parallel (i.e., interleaved) as well as in series.
Gas-phase Silicon Etching With Bromine Trifluoride

We report the first study of gas phase silicon micromachining using pure bromine trifluoride (BrF/sub 3/) gas at room temperature. This work includes both the design of a new apparatus and etching characterization. Consistent etching results and high molecular etching efficiency (80%) have been achieved by performing the etching in a controlled pulse mode. This pure gaseous BrF/sub 3/ etching process is isotropic and has a high etch rate with superb selectivity over silicon dioxide (3000:1), silicon nitride (400-800:1) and photoresist (1000:1). Moreover, gaseous BrF/sub 3/ etching has also been demonstrated in surface micromachining process, where silicon nitride channels and membranes using polysilicon as the sacrificial layer have been successfully fabricated.
The Residency Interview Scheduling Process: Unintended Consequences and a Proposal for Change.

As a fourth-year medical student, I would like to use this letter to discuss an aspect of the residency interview scheduling process that has unintended ramifications for medical student education and quality of life. In general, residency programs send out interview invitations in batches, provide several scheduling options, and tell students that their scheduling requests will be honored on a first-come-first-serve basis. Thus, via both formal and informal channels, students are explicitly encouraged to attend as soon as possible to every vibration in their pockets and to respond as soon as possible to those which turn out to be interview invitations. The way I see it, this procedure leads to a number of undesirable consequences—both inside and outside the educational workplace. For example: I have seen fourth-year students think twice before choosing rural rotations during interview season for fear of poor cell service, and I have seen students worry about choosing surgery rotations during interview season for fear of long operating room cases. The student who interrupts a patient interview to immediately answer an e-mail is rewarded while the student who continues the interview may miss out. The student who interrupts a family dinner to answer an e-mail could get the coveted interview, while the student who stays at the table may miss out. And last but certainly not least, there is the fourth-year student who interrupts his or her attention from the road while driving. As this process affects nearly 20 000 students for 2 to 3 months each year, I believe the graduate medical education community has an educational and humanistic duty to address the aspects of interview scheduling that produce or contribute to these undesirable consequences. Here is a proposal. Let us assume a residency program sends out a batch of 50 interview invitations and provides 10 scheduling options. Each of those 50 students would be instructed to, within x many hours (I think 24 to 48 hours is reasonable), submit a ranked list of his or her scheduling preferences. At the end of the given time frame, an algorithm would be run such that those 50 students are randomly ordered from 1 to 50. Student No. 1 would then be assigned his or her highest-ranked available choice, student No. 2 his or her highest-ranked available choice, and so on. Any students who did not submit a ranked list within the given time frame would then schedule their interviews on a first-come-first-serve basis. Of note, the algorithm could (at least theoretically) be integrated into the “Interview Broker” if/when it becomes the centralized interview scheduling platform. In summary, the message to students would shift from “reply as soon as possible” to “as long as you reply within the given time frame, you will be no better or worse off than everyone else.” And with that message alone, I believe there would be a meaningful change for the better—both inside and outside the educational workplace.
Design and performance improvements for fault detection in tightly-coupled multi-robot team tasks

This paper presents our current work to improve the design and performance of our previous work: SAFDetection, a sensor analysis based fault detection approach that is used to monitor tightly-coupled multi-robot team tasks. We improve this prior approach in three aspects. First, we show how Principal Components Analysis (PCA) can be used to automatically generate a small number of sensor features that should be used during the learning of the model of normal operation. Second, we implement three different algorithms for clustering sensor data in SAFDetection and compare their fault detection rates on physical robot team tasks, to determine the best technique for clustering sensor data while learning the model of normal team task operation. A third improvement we present is to modify the state transition probability from constant to a time-variant variable to describe the operation of the robot system more accurately. Our results show that a PCA feature selection approach, combined with a soft classification technique and time-varying transition probabilities, yields the best fault detection results.
Designing parts feeders using dynamic simulation

Considers the problem of designing traditional (e.g. vibratory bowl) feeders for singulating and orienting industrial parts. The ultimate goal is to prototype new designs using analytically- and geometrically-based methods. The authors have developed a tool for designing industrial parts feeders based on dynamic simulation. The authors' tool allows them to automatically perform multiple feeder design experiments, and to evaluate their outcomes. These results can then be used to compute the probabilities of a Markov model for the feeder. To demonstrate the technique, the authors present preliminary results for the design of two simple feeders. The findings suggest that using dynamic simulation is a promising approach for designing parts feeders.
Pseudonormal or intermediate pattern

In 1988, Appleton et al. [(1)][1]investigated the relation between transmitral Doppler flow dynamics and invasively determined measurements of pressure and flow in a variety of heart diseases. Based on their findings, three abnormal transmitral flow patterns by Doppler echocardiography have been
Vectorized Big Integer Operations for Cryptosystems on the Intel MIC Architecture

Cryptosystems play a vital role in cyber security. To accelerate their big integer operations without jeopardizing the security level has become one of the main objectives of the cryptography research. However, popular big integer libraries highly optimized for CPU and GPGPU perform poorly on the emerging Intel Xeon Phi coprocessor mainly because they cannot take advantage of the 512-bit Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) vector parallelism on Intel Many Integrated Core (MIC) architecture. In this paper, we design and implement big integer algorithms of addition, multiplication, square and modular exponentiation for Intel MIC architecture. Our algorithms offer two key improvements over other big integer algorithms: 1) They explicitly and efficiently vectorize calculations via the 512-bit SIMD intrinsics, achieving a remarkable computing efficiency (vectorization), 2) They minimize memory footprints by restricting all operations within available registers and L1 cache once operands are loaded from the memory (memory-efficient). Furthermore, we apply our algorithms to implement a cryptography application, RSA private key decryption, to demonstrate their high performance. The benchmark results on Intel Phi confirm that our big integer algorithms consistently and unambiguously outperform the best available libraries (GNU MP, OpenSSL and MAPM) on Intel Phi in terms of both latency and throughput. Our exemplary RSA implementation achieves 4.3 to 5.9 times shorter latency and 5.4 to 9.1 times more throughput compared to that in OpenSSL.
"Promotion, Tenure and Pay and other Decisions influenced by Student Assessment of Teaching"

Student teaching evaluations are regular reminders that we may or may not be who we believe we are. Indeed, nothing marks the end of the semester more definably than passing out the student teachin...
The Effect of Grain Boundary Chemistry on the Slip Transmission Process Through Grain Boundaries in Ni3Al

The conditions established in disordered FCC systems for predicting the slip system that will be activated by a grain boundary to relieve a local stress concentration have been applied to the ordered FCC alloy Ni3Al. The slip transfer behavior in hypo-stoichiometric Ni3Al with (0.2 at. %B) and without boron was directly observed by performing the deformation experiments in situ in the transmission electron microscope. In the boron-free and boron-doped alloys, lattice dislocations were incorporated in the grain boundary, but did not show evidence of dissociation to grain boundary dislocations or of movement in the grain boundary plane. The stress concentration associated with the dislocation pileup at the grain boundary was relieved by the emission of dislocations from the grain boundary in the boron-doped alloy. The slip system initiated in the adjoining grain obeyed the conditions established for disordered FCC systems. In the boron-free alloy, the primary stress relief mechanism was grain-boundary cracking, although dislocation emission from the grain boundary also occurred and accompanied intergranular crack advance. Because of the importance of the grain boundary chemistry in the models for explaining the boron-induced ductility in hypo-stoichiometric Ni3Al, the chemistry of grain boundaries in well-annealed boron-doped and boron-free alloys was determined by using EDS. No Ni enrichment was found at the grain boundaries examined. These observations are discussed in terms of the different models proposed to explain the ductility improvement in the boron-doped, hypo-stoichiometric alloy.
Invited - Integrated millimeter-wave/terahertz sensor systems for near-field IoT

The emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) has brought forth new opportunities by seamlessly integrating the physical world using computing, sensing, and wireless networks, transforming it into a cyber-physical system. An essential building block enabling an IoT is a sensing system. The use of “near-field communication (NFC)” has gained attention in recent years, as it enables low-power short-range sensing and wireless transfer of low content information. The NFC, however, is inapplicable in scenarios where the real-time high-resolution image or video of the object(s) needs to be sensed. The penetration of THz waves through many materials, which are impervious for visible light makes THz imaging akin to X-rays, except that THz radiation is non-ionizing and therefore not harmful to the object being imaged, especially living tissues. This special issue paper presents an overview of recent advances in the development of silicon-based mm-wave/THz imaging sensors for near-field IoT applications.
To Whom Do Inner-City Minors Talk About Their Pregnancies? Adolescents' Communication With Parents and Parent Surrogates

A study of 334 black, urban teenagers who sought pregnancy tests in two Baltimore clinics in 1985-1986 explored communication between the teenagers and their parents or parent surrogates before the pregnancy test visit and, among those whose test results were positive, before the final pregnancy outcome decision. Of these young women, 66% had discussed the possibility that they were pregnant with a parent (usually the mother) or parent surrogate before the test; an additional 6% had turned to another adult. At a follow-up interview a year later, 91% of those whose test results had been positive reported that they had consulted a parent or parent surrogate before deciding what to do about the pregnancy, and 4% had confided in another adult. The probability that an adolescent would consult a parent before deciding what to do about her pregnancy was higher if she was younger, if she lived with the parent and if she found the parent easy to talk to. A year after the pregnancy test, 88% of the adolescents who had given birth or had had an abortion were satisfied with their pregnancy outcome. Satisfaction was not related to whether the young woman had discussed her decision with a parent. Dissatisfaction was most likely if the parent did not support the final outcome, if someone other than the young woman had made the final decision, or if the final outcome was different from the adolescent's preference at the time of the pregnancy test.
Rejuvenation: January–June 1962

the beginning of the new year found president kennedy and the top brass in Palm Beach, at the splendid mansion of Kennedy's father, Joseph P. Kennedy. All the top figures of the military establishment were present: Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, General Maxwell Taylor, the Joint Chiefs, Deputy Secretary of Defense Roswell Gilpatric, and General Paul Harkins. Gilpatric, who was assigned the task of taking notes at the Palm Beach meetings, recorded that the President “emphasized the importance of playing down the number of U. S. military personnel involved in Vietnam.” Kennedy also stressed the need to avoid any impression that the U. S. military was participating in combat. The next day, in a memorandum, Gilpatric fleshed out Kennedy's policy on handling reports of U. S. military involvement, assigning the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense responsibility for developing “a suitable cover story or stories, a public explanation, a statement of no comment or an appropriate combination thereof.” Kennedy hoped to leave the campaign of concealment to others, but he was forced to become a participant when, at a press conference on January 15, he was asked whether American troops were involved in combat in Vietnam. The President replied that they were not. But in fact they were. Americans were now flying combat missions in World War II-era propeller aircraft, among them A-26 Invaders, AD-6 Skyraiders, and T-28 Trojans, that recently had been brought to South Vietnam and painted with South Vietnamese government markings.
Cyclical sensing integrate-and-fire circuit for memristor array based neuromorphic computing

The brain-inspired, spike-based neuromorphic system is highly anticipated in the artificial intelligence community due to its high computational efficiency. The recently developed memristor-crossbar-array technology, which is able to efficiently emulate the plasticity of biological synapses and accommodate matrix multiplication, has demonstrated its potential for neuromorphic computing. To facilitate the computation, a high-speed integrate-and-fire circuit (IFC) and a counter were previously developed to efficiently convert the current from the memristor array into rate-coded spikes. However, the linear dynamic range of the circuit, which is limited by its responding speed, is challenged when the input intensity and the conductance of the memristor array are both high simultaneously. In this paper, a novel cyclical sensing scheme is developed that can significantly extend the linear dynamic range of the original IFC. Meanwhile, the power efficiency of the IFC can also be increased. The circuit simulation results indicated that the cyclical sensing IFC was able to efficiently and accurately facilitate the matrix multiplication when it was integrated with a 32×32 memristor crossbar array. With the optimized crossbar array structure and its peripheral circuits, the developed cyclical sensing IFC has shown great promise in accelerating matrix multiplication in spike-based computing systems.
The future of reference service: A response

Liste de questions que doit se poser un bibliothecaire de reference. Rappel de ce que ne doit pas etre un service de reference. Facon de considerer les statistiques. Qualites que doit avoir un bibliothecaire de reference pour aborder le futur
Signal transduction via the B-cell antigen receptor: the role of protein tyrosine kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases.

The B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) complex performs an essential function during B-cell development and differentiation. In pro-B and pre-B cells, expression of the membrane immunoglobulin heavy chain of the BCR in conjunction with pseudo- light-chain gene products is essential for establishing allelic exclusion and for promotion of gene recombination at the light-chain loci. Subsequent expression of a mature BCR complex on the surface of immature B cells is important for tolerance induction and selection into the peripheral B-cell pool. During the process of tolerance induction, binding of self-antigen to the BCR on B cells can lead to anergization, clonal elimination or receptor editing, depending on the qualitative/ quantitative nature of the signal delivered, and the developmental state of the B cell (Goodnow 1996; Hertz and Nemazee 1998; LeBien 1998). Once B cells have been selected and migrate to the periphery, the BCR complex mediates antigen-dependent activation and selection into the memory B-cell pool (CAMBIER et al. 1994; Goodnow and Cyster 1997; Reth and Wienands 1997; MacLennan 1998). It has also been shown recently that expression of the BCR is critical because it provides a persistence signal that is required for maintenance of the primary B-cell repertoire (LAM et al. 1997). The persistence signal does not promote entry into the cell cycle; thus, it is likely that the nature and/or strength of the persistence signal delivered via the BCR is distinct from that of an antigen-driven activation signal which causes the B cell to enter the cell cycle.
Differentiation of Life-History Traits among Palmer Amaranth Populations (Amaranthus palmeri) and Its Relation to Cropping Systems and Glyphosate Sensitivity

Palmer amaranth's ability to evolve resistance to different herbicides has been studied extensively, but there is little information about how this weed species might be evolving other life-history traits that could potentially make it more aggressive and difficult to control. We characterized growth and morphological variation among 10 Palmer amaranth populations collected in Florida and Georgia from fields with different cropping histories, ranging from continuous short-statured crops (vegetables and peanut) to tall crops (corn and cotton) and from intensive herbicide use history to organic production. Palmer amaranth populations differed in multiple traits such as fresh and dry weight, days to flowering, plant height, and leaf and canopy shape. Differences between populations for these traits ranged from 36% up to 87%. Although glyphosate-resistant (GR) populations collected from cropping systems including GR crops exhibited higher values of the aforementioned variables than glyphosate-susceptible (GS)...
Engineered myocardium model to study the roles of HIF-1α and HIF1A-AS1 in paracrine-only signaling under pathological level oxidative stress

Abstract Studying heart tissue is critical for understanding and developing treatments for cardiovascular diseases. In this work, we fabricated precisely controlled and biomimetic engineered model tissues to study how cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions influence myocardial cell survival upon exposure to pathological level oxidative stress. Specifically, the interactions of endothelial cells (ECs) and cardiomyocytes (CMs), and the role of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), with its novel alternative regulator, HIF-1α antisense RNA1 (HIF1A-AS1), in these interactions were investigated. We encapsulated CMs in photo-crosslinkable, biomimetic hydrogels with or without ECs, then exposed to oxidative stress followed by normoxia. With precisely controlled microenvironment provided by the model tissues, cell-cell interactions were restricted to be solely through the secreted factors. CM survival after oxidative stress was significantly improved, in the presence of ECs, when cells were in the model tissues that were functionalized with cell attachment motifs. Importantly, the cardioprotective effect of ECs was reduced when HIF-1α expression was knocked down suggesting that HIF-1α is involved in cardioprotection from oxidative damage, provided through secreted factors conferred by the ECs. Using model tissues, we showed that cell survival increased with increased cell-cell communication and enhanced cell-matrix interactions. In addition, whole genome transcriptome analysis showed, for the first time to our knowledge, a possible role for HIF1A-AS1 in oxidative regulation of HIF-1α. We showed that although HIF1A-AS1 knockdown helps CM survival, its effect is overridden by CM-EC bidirectional interactions as we showed that the conditioned media taken from the CM-EC co-cultures improved CM survival, regardless of HIF1A-AS1 expression. Statement of Significance Cardiovascular diseases, most of which are associated with oxidative stress, is the most common cause of death worldwide. Thus, understanding the molecular events as well as the role of intercellular communication under oxidative stress is upmost importance in its prevention. In this study we used 3D engineered tissue models to investigate the role of HIF-1α and its regulation in EC-mediated cardioprotection. We showed that EC-mediated protection is only possible when there is a bidirectional crosstalk between ECs and CMs even without physical cell-cell contact. In addition, this protective effect is at least partially related to cell-ECM interactions and HIF-1α, which is regulated by HIF1A-AS1 under oxidative stress.
Childhood Determinants of Adult Functioning: Strategies in the Clinical Research Use of the Personal-Psychological History

Nine research strategies are proposed (a) to investigate the relationships between childhood variables and adult functioning, and (b) to define a research instrument for the assessment of childhood determinants of adult functioning.
Understanding the Effect of Perceived Reasonableness on Customer Satisfaction in Relation to Moral Identity: An Abstract

A service provider standardizes various aspects of services to deliver those services ethically and satisfactorily. However, a service provider cannot plan for every contingency in designing its service specifications. Instead, a service provider could rely on morals of service personnel and customers and incorporate a certain level of flexibility within reason in its service design. The concept of “reasonableness” was proposed by Fukawa and Erevelles (2014) to explain such latitude that exists around expectations in the delivery of service. In this paper, we explore how customers’ perceived reasonableness influences customer satisfaction in relation to moral identity of customers. First, we investigate whether the moral identity of customers influences perceived reasonableness. Second, we explore whether the effect of perceived reasonableness on customer satisfaction is explained by affective or cognitive processing. Our study indicates that moral identity is a critical determinant of perceived reasonableness. Furthermore, our study suggests that the perceived reasonableness influences customer satisfaction through affect rather than cognition.
Secret key generation in MIMO wireless systems using precoded channel measurements

Secret key generation using channel measurements has emerged as a meaningful approach to enhance the security of a wireless link at the physical layer. This paper presents a novel approach to key generation based on precoding of the MIMO channel measurements, that does not require information on the channel statistics and has the ability to generate key bits at a rate that is independent of the channel coherence time. The proposed approach is illustrated with numerical results obtained from simulations showing the probability of bit disagreement between keys generated at transmitter/receiver side and Slepian-Wolf encoding with LDPC codes is used for key reconciliation.
Weights to Address Non-parallel Trends in Panel Difference-in-differences Models

Causal inference using the difference‐in‐differences (DD) method relies on the untestable assumption of parallel counterfactual trends across units that are assigned to different treatments. To facilitate the application of the method in settings where the parallel‐trends assumption is seemingly violated, I suggest weighting observations such that the conditional correlations between treatments and pre‐treatment outcome trends are minimised, i.e. weighted trends are parallel. I evaluate the performance of a weighted parallel trends (WPT) DD estimator in a Monte Carlo study and provide an application to a case‐study context in which a benchmark estimate exists. The WPT DD approach can be applied in settings with multiple continuous treatment variables as well as to estimating time‐varying treatment effects.
Factors Associated With Mechanical Ventilation Use in Children With Sickle Cell Disease and Acute Chest Syndrome.

Objectives:Acute chest syndrome is the leading cause of death in children with sickle cell disease and is generally due to respiratory failure. Epidemiologic factors for a need for mechanical ventilation in children with acute chest syndrome require further clarification.Design:Retrospective observa
High-Power and Frequency-Doubled Stretched-Pulse Fiber Laser

The compressed output from a stretched-pulse fiber laser was frequency doubled with 10% conversion efficiency to achieve 771 nm pulse energies of 270 pJ at 31.8 MHz. Frequency-resolved optical gating was used to analyze both the fundamental and frequency-doubled pulses.
Enabling Autonomous Sensor-Sharing for Tightly-Coupled Cooperative Tasks

This paper presents a mechanism enabling robot team members to share sensor information to achieve tightly-coupled cooperative tasks. This approach, called ASyMTRe, is based on a distributed extension of schema theory that allows schema-based building blocks to be interconnected in many ways, regardless of whether they are on the same or different robots. The inputs and outputs of schema are labeled with an information type, inspired by the theory of information invariants. By enabling robots to autonomously configure their distributed schema connections based on the flow of information through the system, robot teams with different collective capabilities are able to generate significantly different cooperative control strategies for solving the same task. We demonstrate the ability of this approach to generate different cooperative control strategies in a proof-of-principle implementation on physical robots performing a simple transportation task.
Maedi/Visna Virus

This chapter presents a classification and description of the Maedi/Visna virus. This disease belongs to the Retroviridae family.. The Maedi/Visna virus is also known as Zwoegerziekte virus, ovine progressive pneumonia virus, and the Graaff–Reinet form of Jaagsiekte. Maedi is the Icelandic word for labored breathing. It is a progressive pneumonia of adult sheep, ending fatally. Visna, or wasting, occurs less frequently. It is seen as progressive hind limb paralysis following the development of lesions in the nervous system. The hosts to Maedi/Visna virus are sheep and goats. Although there are no reports of Maedi/Visna from Australia and New Zealand, serological evidence is lacking. Agar gel immunodiffusion and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are some of the diagnostic techniques that are routinely used for the serological demonstration of infection from the disease. The complement fixation test is not reliable with field sera, but it is used routinely in some laboratories for experimental work. Fluorescent antibody is another technique for the diagnosis of Maedi/Visna virus.
Efficacy of Cilostazol in Prevention of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Meta-Analysis.

Abstract Objectives Cilostazol, a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 3, may reduce symptomatic vasospasm and improve outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage considering its anti-platelet and vasodilatory effects. We aimed to analyze the effects of cilostazol on symptomatic vasospasm and clinical outcome among patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Patients and Methods We searched PubMed and Embase databases to identify 1) prospective randomized trials, and 2) retrospective trials, between May 2009 and May 2017, that investigated the effect of cilostazol in patients with aneurysmal aSAH. All patients were enrolled after repair of a ruptured aneurysm by clipping or endovascular coiling within 72hours of aSAH. fixed-effect models were used to pool data. We used the I2 statistic to measure heterogeneity between trials. Results Five studies were included in our meta-analysis, comprised of 543 patients with aSAH (cilostazol [n=271]; placebo [n=272], mean age, 61.5years [SD, 13.1]; women, 64.0%). Overall, cilostazol was associated with a decreased risk of symptomatic vasospasm (0.31, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.48; P Conclusion Cilostazol is associated with a decreased risk of symptomatic vasospasm and may be clinically useful in the treatment of delayed cerebral vasospasm in patients with aSAH. Our results highlight the need for a large multi-center trial to confirm the observed association.
Diversifying Networks: Webbing Heterogeneous Actors and Their Plural Campaigns

In mobilization, participant and campaign diversity is as important as webbing multiple, yet fragmented, actions. A networked approach to mobilization, however, does not mean centralizing actions through top-down institutional arrangements; rather, it means creating healthy, sustaining ecosystem of polycentric structures where power emanates from multiple centers of influence. Under an overarching vision of a common good, climate actions and their actors would interact, interconnect, and cohere with each other in this ecosystem-while acknowledging that this will be messy and contested processes. As many climate action participants and their respective campaigns interconnect their diverse sources of power, capacities and practices—while remaining respectful of each other’s contributions, expertise, and experience—the climate action movement projects itself as a Movement of all Movements.
A moving-domain CFD solver in FEniCS with applications to tidal turbine simulations in turbulent flows

Abstract A moving-domain computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver is designed by deploying the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian Variational Multi-scale Formulation (ALE-VMS) enhanced with weak enforcement of essential boundary conditions (weak BC) into the open-source finite element automation software FEniCS. The mathematical formulation of ALE-VMS, which is working as a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model for turbulent flows, and weak BC, which is acting as a wall model, are presented with the implementation details in FEniCS. To validate the CFD solver, simulations of flow past a stationary sphere are performed with moving meshes first. Refinement study shows the results quickly converge to the reference results with fixed grids. Then, the solver is utilized to simulate a tidal turbine rotor with uniform and turbulent inflow conditions. Good agreement is achieved between the computational results and experimental measurements in terms of thrust and power coefficients for the uniform inflow case. The effect of the inflow turbulence intensity on the tidal turbine performance is quantified.
The Architecture of Property

Avoiding the reduction of property to a bundle or rights or to the working out of a single master principle, the architectural theory of property sees property as an integrated system or structure anchored in certain unifying principles. Because our world is neither chaotic nor additiviely simple, property law and institutions must achieve their plural ends in a fashion that manages the inherent complexity of the interaction of valued resource attributes and human actions. In managing complexity, some of the law’s structures receive functional explanations and justifications, which can be different from the explanations and justifications that apply to the system as a whole. In working as a whole, the system exhibits a number of tightly interwoven design principles, including the centrality of things, rights to exclude and possession, hybrids of exclusion and governance, modularity, differential formalism, standardization and the numerus clausus, and “property rule” protection and equity. The architectural approach allows us to revsit some basic questions in property theory and to capture the dyanamic realtiy of property law and institutions.