cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Society for Vascular Surgery femoral runoff score is associated with limb-based patency after aortofemoral bypass

Abstract Objective Despite advancements, aortofemoral bypass (AFB) remains the most durable option for aortoiliac occlusive disease. Although runoff has been shown to be associated with AFB patency, the association of the Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) thigh runoff scoring system with patency has not been assessed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between the SVS runoff scoring system and limb-based primary patency after AFB. Methods Institutional data for patients undergoing AFB with preoperative runoff imaging available from 2000 to 2017 were queried. Runoff scores were assigned according to the presence of occlusive disease in the superficial femoral artery and profunda femoris artery (minimum, 1; maximum, 10) as described by the 1997 SVS reporting standards for lower extremity ischemia. Limb-based patency was the primary endpoint. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare the long-term limb-based patency and freedom from reintervention between limbs with runoff scores ≥6 and those with runoff scores Results In 161 patients, 316 limbs had undergone revascularization. The mean patient age was 66.7 ± 11.3 years, and 51.6% were women. Most limbs had undergone revascularization for claudication (56.5%). Most (89.4%) had TransAtlantic InterSociety Consensus class D lesions, 27.3% had required suprarenal or higher clamping, and 11.2% had undergone concomitant mesenteric intervention. A femoral outflow adjunct and concurrent lower extremity bypass was required in 41.8% and 2.9% of limbs, respectively. Those with a runoff score of ≥6 had experienced greater rates of 30-day myocardial infarction (11% vs 1%; P = .005), respiratory failure (11% vs 1%; P = .005), and mortality (8% vs 0%; P ≤ .006). The median follow-up period was 4.0 years (interquartile range, 6.5 years). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year primary patency was 94.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 91.9%-97.3%), 89.2% (95% CI, 85.4%-93.2%), and 81.4% (95% CI, 76.0%-87.1%), respectively. The 5-year primary-assisted patency, secondary patency, and freedom from reintervention were 84.9% (95% CI, 79.7%-90.5%), 91.7% (95% CI, 87.3%-96.3%), and 83.3% (95% CI, 78.3%-88.7%), respectively. Patients with a runoff score of ≥6 had lower primary (log-rank P Conclusions The SVS femoral runoff score is an important factor associated with long-term AFB limb patency. Scores of ≥6 portend for worse limb outcomes and a greater incidence of operative complications. The SVS score can be determined from preoperative axial imaging studies and serve as a guide in decision-making and operative planning.
Behavioral and genomic sensory adaptations underlying the pest activity of Drosophila suzukii.

Studying how novel phenotypes originate and evolve is fundamental to the field of evolutionary biology as it allows us to understand how organismal diversity is generated and maintained. However, determining the basis of novel phenotypes is challenging as it involves orchestrated changes at multiple biological levels. Here, we aim to overcome this challenge by using a comparative species framework combining behavioral, gene expression, and genomic analyses to understand the evolutionary novel egg-laying substrate-choice behavior of the invasive pest species Drosophila suzukii. First, we used egg-laying behavioral assays to understand the evolution of ripe fruit oviposition preference in D. suzukii compared with closely related species D. subpulchrella and D. biarmipes as well as D. melanogaster. We show that D. subpulchrella and D. biarmipes lay eggs on both ripe and rotten fruits, suggesting that the transition to ripe fruit preference was gradual. Second, using two-choice oviposition assays, we studied how D. suzukii, D. subpulchrella, D. biarmipes, and D. melanogaster differentially process key sensory cues distinguishing ripe from rotten fruit during egg-laying. We found that D. suzukii's preference for ripe fruit is in part mediated through a species-specific preference for stiff substrates. Last, we sequenced and annotated a high-quality genome for D. subpulchrella. Using comparative genomic approaches, we identified candidate genes involved in D. suzukii's ability to seek out and target ripe fruits. Our results provide detail to the stepwise evolution of pest activity in D. suzukii, indicating important cues used by this species when finding a host, and the molecular mechanisms potentially underlying their adaptation to a new ecological niche.
Airway Management in Substernal Goiter Surgery.

Objective(s):To review the experience of 3 hospitals with airway management during surgery for substernal goiter and identify preoperative factors that predict the need for advanced airway manageme...
SciChain: Blockchain-enabled Lightweight and Efficient Data Provenance for Reproducible Scientific Computing

The state-of-the-art for auditing and reproducing scientific applications on high-performance computing (HPC) systems is through a data provenance subsystem. While recent advances in data provenance lie in reducing the performance overhead and improving the user’s query flexibility, the fidelity of data provenance is often overlooked: there is no such way to ensure that the provenance data itself has not been fabricated or falsified. This paper advocates leveraging blockchains to deliver immutable and autonomous data provenance services such that scientific discoveries are trustworthy. The challenges for adopting blockchains to HPC include designing a new blockchain architecture compatible with the HPC platforms and, more importantly, a set of new consensus protocols for scientific applications atop blockchains. To this end, we have designed the proof-of-scalable-traceability (POST) protocol and implemented it in a blockchain prototype, namely SciChain, the very first practical blockchain system for provenance services on HPC. We evaluated SciChain by comparing it with multiple state-of-the-art systems; experimental results showed that SciChain guaranteed trustworthy data provenance while incurring orders of magnitude lower overhead than existing solutions.
Intranasal Oxytocin in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Abstract Background Experimental studies and small clinical trials have suggested that treatment with intranasal oxytocin may reduce social impairment in persons with autism spectrum disorder. Oxyt...
Potential evidence for epigenetic biomarkers of metabolic syndrome in human whole blood in Latinos

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly prevalent worldwide. In the United States, estimates show that more than 30% of the adult population has MetS. MetS consists of multiple phenotypes, including obesity, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose tolerance. Therefore, identifying the molecular mechanisms to explain this complex disease is critical for diagnosing and treating MetS. We previously showed 70 increased genes and 20 decreased genes in whole blood in MetS participants. The present study aimed to identify blood-based DNA methylation biomarkers in non-MetS versus MetS participants. The present study analyzed whole blood DNA samples from 184 adult participants of Latino descent from the Arizona Insulin Resistance (AIR) registry. We used the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP: ATP III) criteria to identify non-MetS (n = 110) and MetS (n = 74) participants. We performed whole blood methylation analysis on select genes: ATP Synthase, H+ Transporting mitochondrial F1 Complex, Epsilon Subunit (ATP5E), Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit VIc (COX6C), and Ribosomal Protein L9 (RPL9). The pyrosequencing analysis was a targeted approach focusing on the promoter region of each gene that specifically captured CpG methylation sites. In MetS participants, we showed decreased methylation in two CpG sites in COX6C and three CpG sites in RPL9, all p < 0.05 using the Mann-Whitney U test. There were no ATP5E CpG sites differently methylated in the MetS participants. Furthermore, while adjusting for age, gender, and smoking status, logistic regression analysis reaffirmed the associations between MetS and mean methylation within COX6C and RPL9 (both p < 0.05). In addition, Spearman’s correlation revealed a significant inverse relationship between the previously published gene expression data and methylation data for RPL9 (p < 0.05). In summary, these results highlight potential blood DNA methylation biomarkers for the MetS phenotype. However, future validation studies are warranted to strengthen our findings.
Learning ‘Learning Curves’ with R Shiny:

Learning curves are fundamental in understanding individual task performance, with ubiquitous implementation in task assignments, worker scheduling, team formulation, etc., in domains bridging from...
Bacterial but not fungal rhizosphere communities differ among perennial grass ecotypes under abiotic environmental stress

Environmental change, especially frequent droughts, is predicted to detrimentally impact the North American perennial grasslands. Consistent dry spells will affect plant communities as well as their associated rhizobiomes, possibly altering the plant host performance under environmental stress. Therefore, there is a need to understand the impact of drought on the rhizobiome, and how the rhizobiome may modulate host performance and ameliorate its response to drought stress. In this study, we analyzed bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizospheres of three ecotypes (dry, mesic, and wet) of a dominant prairie grass, Andropogon gerardii. The ecotypes were established in 2010 in a common garden design and grown for a decade under persistent dry conditions at the arid margin of the species range in Colby Kansas. The experiment aimed to answer whether and to what extent do the different ecotypes maintain or recruit distinct rhizobiomes after ten years in an arid climate. In order to answer this question, we screened the bacterial and fungal rhizobiome profiles of the ecotypes under the arid conditions of western KS as a surrogate for future climate environmental stress using 16S rRNA and ITS2 metabarcoding sequencing. Under these conditions, bacterial communities differed compositionally among the A. gerardii ecotypes, whereas the fungal communities did not. The ecotypes were instrumental in driving the differences among bacterial rhizobiomes, as the ecotypes maintained distinct bacterial rhizobiomes even after ten years at the edge of the host species range. This study will aid us to optimize plant productivity through the use of different ecotypes under future abiotic environmental stress, especially drought.
Mastectomy Weight and Tissue Expander Volume Predict Necrosis and Increased Costs Associated with Breast Reconstruction.

Staged breast reconstruction with immediate tissue expander (TE) placement following mastectomy offers advantages, making it strongly favored over delayed reconstruction at many institutions.1–3 Staging allows patients to contemplate breast reconstruction options, and placement of a TE does not preclude the patient from the final reconstruction of their choosing. Additionally, timed expansions permit gradual stretching of the breast pocket and skin envelope. The reconstructive surgeon is provided with a larger breast pocket for the eventual implant or autologous transfer, resulting in better aesthetic outcomes.4–6 Staged breast reconstruction with TE placement can provide all of the above without interrupting oncologic therapy. TEs do not interfere with delivery or efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy, although there is conflict in the literature in regard to cosmesis and timing of TE placement or expansion with chest wall radiation.7–19 Although immediate TE placement following mastectomy is a desirable option for many patients, the procedure is not without risk. Complications include implant failure and rupture, fat necrosis, skin necrosis, and infection.4,16,20–22 Causes of impaired vascular perfusion via the microcirculation can lead to inadequate oxygenation of the overlying skin flap.23–26 Microcirculation is impaired with comorbidities such as smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity.27,28 Impaired oxygenation can lead to mastectomy skin necrosis acutely.4,16,20 Severe mastectomy skin necrosis can lead to infection, reoperation, and implant removal. Necrosis-associated complications can result in emotional distress and additional financial costs to a patient already facing the psychological and physical stress associated with breast cancer. The incidence of mastectomy skin necrosis varies in the literature between 10% and 40%.26,29–32 Although the precise etiology underlying mastectomy skin necrosis as it relates to mastectomy specimen weight and intraoperative TE fill volume remains disputed, we hypothesized that increased mastectomy specimen weights and larger intraoperative TE fill volumes would correlate with wound healing complications.33–37 We also hypothesized that patients with known surgical comorbidities would have higher rates of wound healing complications. In a retrospective review, this study investigated factors associated with mastectomy skin necrosis in breast reconstruction and its associated costs.
Computer simulations of finite plasmas convected across magnetized plasmas

Summary form only. A two-dimensional electrostatic particle-in-cell code has been used to simulate the convection of a finite slab of neutral plasma across a uniform magnetic field. The simulations show that the plasma is convected with a velocity that approaches the injection velocity for denser plasmas. The plasma loses p/sub y/ momentum with distance due to erosion effects. Three mechanisms that cause erosion of the plasma have been identified: (1) the erosion of the charge layers due to the velocity shear, (2) the erosion of the charge layers due to their expansion along the magnetic field lines, and (3) the erosion of the head of the stream due to Larmor-radius effects. The simulations have also shown that these erosions have greater effect for denser plasmas. The electron charge layer is subject to the dicotron instability: the head of the stream broadens and shows a flutelike instability, and the tail of the stream narrows due to electric field fringe effects. When the plasma streams across a magnetized plasma, these erosion effects are diminished due to the short circuiting of the electric field by the background plasma. However, the convection velocity decreases with distance until the plasma stream is stopped. >
Enforcement at the EPA: High Stakes and Hard Choices (Chapter 4: Destruction, Confusion, Confrontation, and Disarray: EPA Enforcement and Congressional Oversight in the Gorsuch Era)

This is one chapter from a recently published work that was described by the editorial staff of the University of Texas Press as follows: "The only published work that treats the historical evolution of EPA enforcement, this book provides a candid inside glimpse of a crucial aspect of the work of an important federal agency. Based on 190 personal interviews with present and former enforcement officials at EPA, the U.S. Department of Justice, and key congressional staff members — along with extensive research among EPA documents and secondary sources — the book vividly recounts the often tumultuous history of EPA’s enforcement program. It also analyzes some important questions regarding EPA’s institutional relationships and the Agency’s working environment." This chapter discusses EPA’s enforcement history from 1981 to early, 1983 — a period when the Reagan administration made a systematic effort to undermine — if not completely abolish — EPA’s enforcement of pollution control laws, and concerted congressional opposition to this plan led to its undoing, and the subsequent resignations of 19 top-level EPA officials.
The Pressure Limitations on Flux Pile-up Reconnection

The problem of the plasma pressure limitations on the rapidity of flux pile-up magnetic reconnection is re-examined, following the claim made by Jardine and Allen (1998) that the limitations can be removed by relaxing the assumption of zero-vorticity two-dimensional plasma flows. It is shown that for a two-dimensional stagnation point flow with nonzero vorticity the magnetic merging rate cannot exceed the Sweet–Parker scaling in a low-beta plasma. The pressure limitation appears to be much less restrictive for weak three-dimensional flux pile-up, provided the perturbation length scale in the third dimension is much less than the global length scale. The actual reconnection rate in the latter case, however, is much lower than this upper estimate unless the current sheet width is also much less than the global scale.
The Role of Social Status and Controllability on Employee Intent to Follow Organizational Information Security Requirements

Using the theory of planned behavior, this paper investigates the relationship between an employee's social status, perceived controllability of co-workers' actions and individual self-efficacy in terms of predicting an employee's perceived behavioral control over and his/her intention to comply with an organization's information security policies. The reported findings in this paper from a survey of 182 employees of a large government organization suggest that decomposing perceived behavioral control into controllability and self-efficacy has more predictive power than using simpler proxies (i.e. Self-efficacy alone) advocated in previous literature, and an employee's status in the organizational hierarchy has both a direct and a moderating effect on an employee's perceived behavioral control (but not on self-efficacy).
The Lives of Transgender People

Responding to a critical need for greater perspectives on transgender life in the United States, Genny Beemyn and Susan (Sue) Rankin apply their extensive expertise to a groundbreaking survey--one of the largest ever conducted in the U.S.--on gender development and identity-making among transsexual women, transsexual men, crossdressers, and genderqueer individuals. With nearly 3,500 participants, the survey is remarkably diverse, and with more than 400 follow-up interviews, the data offers limitless opportunities for research and interpretation. Beemyn and Rankin track the formation of gender identity across individuals and groups, beginning in childhood and marking the "touchstones" that led participants to identify as transgender. They explore when and how participants noted a feeling of difference because of their gender, the issues that caused them to feel uncertain about their gender identities, the factors that encouraged them to embrace a transgender identity, and the steps they have taken to meet other transgender individuals. Beemyn and Rankin's findings expose the kinds of discrimination and harassment experienced by participants in the U.S. and the psychological toll of living in secrecy and fear. They discover that despite increasing recognition by the public of transgender individuals and a growing rights movement, these populations continue to face bias, violence, and social and economic disenfranchisement. Grounded in empirical data yet rich with human testimony, The Lives of Transgender People adds uncommon depth to the literature on this subject and introduces fresh pathways for future research.
SU-E-T-491: Influence of Applicator Dimensions On Doses to Bladder, Rectum and Sigmoid in HDR Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer

Purpose: To study the influence of dimensions of the tandem and ring applicator on bladder D2cc, rectum D2cc and sigmoid D2cc in HDR treatment planning for cervical cancer. Methods: 53 plans from 13 patients treated at our institution with the tandem and ring applicator were retrospectively reviewed. Prescription doses were one of the following: 8 Gy x 3, 7 Gy x 4 and 5.5 Gy x 5. Doses to the D2ccs of the bladder, rectum and the sigmoid were recorded. These doses were normalized to their relative prescriptions doses. Correlations between the normalized bladder D2cc, rectum D2cc and sigmoid D2cc were investigated and linear regression models were developed to study the dependence of these doses on the ring diameter and the applicator angle. Results: Normalized doses to the D2cc of the bladder, rectum and sigmoid showed statistically significant correlation (P < 0.05) to the applicator angle. Significant correlation was also noted for the normalized D2cc of the rectum and the sigmoid with the ring diameter. The normalized bladder D2cc was found to decrease with applicator angle on an average by 22.65% ± 4.43% while the same for the rectum and sigmoid were found to increase on an average by 14.43% ± 1.65% and 14.01% ± 1.42% respectively. Both the rectum and sigmoid D2cc reduced with increasing ring diameter by 12.93% ± 1.95% and 11.27% ± 1.79%. No correlation was observed between the normalized bladder D2cc and the ring diameter. Conclusion: Preliminary regression models developed in this study can potentially aid in the choice of the appropriate applicator angle and ring diameter for tandem and ring implant so as to optimize doses to the bladder, rectum and sigmoid.
Al Partitioning Patterns and Root Growth as Related to Al Sensitivity and Al Tolerance in Wheat

Studies of Al partitioning and accumulation and of the effect of Al on the growth of intact wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots of cultivars that show differential Al sensitivity were conducted. The effects of various Al concentrations on root growth and Al accumulation in the tissue were followed for 24 h. At low external Al concentrations, Al accumulation in the root tips was low and root growth was either unaffected or stimulated. Calculations based on regression analysis of growth and Al accumulation in the root tips predicted that 50% root growth inhibition in the Al-tolerant cv Atlas 66 would be attained when the Al concentrations were 105 [mu]M in the nutrient solution and 376.7 [mu]g Al g-1 dry weight in the tissue. In contrast, in the Al-sensitive cv Tam 105, 50% root growth inhibition would be attained when the Al concentrations were 11 [mu]M in the nutrient solution and 546.2 [mu]g Al g-1 dry weight in the tissue. The data support the hypotheses that differential Al sensitivity correlates with differential Al accumulation in the growing root tissue, and that mechanisms of Al tolerance may be based on strategies to exclude Al from the root meristems.
The maturing of the U.S. nuclear industry

Abstract In a technoeconomic context, maturity is a state characterized by full development and consequently by a lack of opportunity for further growth and development. The objective of this paper is to develop a perspective on where the nuclear industry in the United States appears to stand in the economic and technological maturation process. The paper outlines certain government and industry objectives, as well as certain joint efforts, which, if successfully developed, could result in a turnabout in the U.S. outlook for renewed growth.
Seasonal variation in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip

Background It has been postulated that developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is more frequent in infants born in the winter months. It was the purpose of this study to ascertain if there was any seasonal variation in DDH at the author’s institution and compare/contrast our results with those in the literature using rigorous mathematical fitting. Methods All children with DDH treated at the author’s institution from 1993 to 2012 were identified. The month of birth was recorded and temporal variation was analyzed using cosinor analysis. Similar data from the literature was analyzed. Results There were 424 children (363 girls, 61 boys). An additional 22,936 children were added from the literature for a total of 23,360. Pearson’s Chi-square test demonstrated a non-uniform distribution in the month of birth for both our 424 children as well as the combined literature series in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. Cosinor analysis of the 424 children demonstrated double peaks in mid-March and mid-October. For the entire 23,360 children, no seasonal variation was observed in 2,205 (9.4 %), a single winter peak in 16,425 (70.3 %), a single summer peak in 1,280 (5.5 %), and double peaks in the spring and autumn in 3,450 (14.8 %). Conclusions This study partly supports the hypothesis of tight clothing/cold temperature as one factor in the etiology of DDH with the tighter clothing/swaddling increasing the risk of DDH. However *20 % of the DDH births demonstrated a non-winter peak. The single summer and double spring/autumn peaks, as well as in those series where no seasonal variation was noted, refutes the cold winter clothing hypothesis. Perhaps these different patterns in seasonal variation represent the heterogeneity of the genetic factors in DDH interacting with external factors (temperature and clothing) and internal factors (metabolic). Further study will be required to understand these different patterns in DDH seasonal variation. Level of evidence IV—case series.
Theory and Method in Social Impact Assessment

Social Impact Assessment (SIA) is a method of policy analysis that offers great potential for integrating scientific policy analysis into a democratic political process. This potential has not been realized in large part because there has been no theoretical framework to guide SIA. In this paper I propose such a framework, using Habermas’(1970) pragmatistic approach to policy. The framework suggests heavy emphasis on use of SIA early in the policy process and on methods that emphasize impact identification and portrayal.
Effects of sex on decision policies used for self and decision policies used for other persons

A comparison of the riskiness of decisions made for self and another person were completed. Results of this comparison show that when self and the other person were the same sex: (1) no significant difference was found between bets selected for self and other, but (2) males selected more risky bets than did females. For mixed-sex pairs, both males and females were found to select more risky bets for others than for self.
A new interpretation of the mechanisms in Newtonian creep of uranium dioxides

Abstract Newtonian creep data on both stoichiometric and hyperstoichiometric urania materials are analyzed. It is shown that there may be two distinct regimes: one is grain size sensitive, and the other grain size insensitive. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations of these two regimes suggest that deformation in the grain size sensitive regime may be controlled by lattice diffusion-accommodated grain boundary sliding whereas that in the grain size insensitive regime by a dislocation process operating in Harper-Dorn creep.
Development of silicone waveguides for use in a Raman spectroscopy-based sensor for general anesthetics

A Raman spectroscopy-based sensor is being developed for general anesthetics or the small organics. The sensor uses a selectively-absorbent polymer to concentrate the analyte and thus produce a higher spectral signal intensity. This helps counteract the inherently low signal characteristic of Raman spectroscopic analyses. Waveguides have been fabricated from a commercially available methacrylate-functional silicone. Using diethoxyacetophenone photoinitiator and a silanizing agent to enhance adhesion, silicone waveguides have been photopolymerized onto fused silica substrates. Linear waveguides 200 micrometers wide and 240 micrometers thick exhibited attenuations on the order of 1.2 dB/cm, as determined by measurements of Raman silicone peak intensity down the length of the waveguide. Studies with liquid deuterochloroform in silicone oil yielded a detection limit of 0.092 MAC, where MAC, or minimum alveolar concentration, is a unit of measure for general anesthetics. Finally, partitioning of gaseous deuterochloroform into these waveguides produced a clearly discernible peak.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A novel single stage AC/DC converter for fast charging applications with unity power factor

This paper introduces a single phase AC/DC converter with unity power factor input at grid side. The proposed topology consists of a diode bridge followed by an asymmetrical DAB circuit working in boost mode. The DAB is utilized to regulate both DC output voltage and averaged input current. With single-side PWM modulation, the DAB can possess advantages such as lower RMS currents and larger soft switching range. Zero cycling current can also be achieved to reduce power losses. Simulation and some experimental test have been carried out to verify the effectiveness of proposed converter.
Implementation of a Modified Skyhook Control on a Purely Pneumatic Semi-Active Suspension System

The paper presents implementation of a modified skyhook control on a purely pneumatic suspension system comprising of an airspring, a pressure-differential causing geometry such as a sharp edged orifice and an accumulator, which utilizes the dynamics of compressible air flow through an orifice to inject damping into the suspension rather than heat dissipation as in suspensions with oil-base damper. A continuous-skyhook logic is implemented on the hardware built as a single degree of freedom system. For a head-to-head comparison, a contemporary semi-active suspension using an MR-damper is modeled. The airspring of this suspension is modeled from first principles of Thermodynamics and a new continuously differentiable function describing the force-velocity profiles of the MR-damper is developed. An evaluation of the sprung mass acceleration shows that the performance of the pneumatic suspension rivals that of the MR based unit for an arbitrarily chosen base excitation input. The modified Skyhook law proposed for producing pneumatic damping is shown to be able to inject sufficient damping (compared to MR-Damper), thereby off-setting the need for an additional oil damper.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
New State Records of Aquatic Insects for Ohio, U.S.A. (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera)

ABSTRACT: Biomonitoring of Ohio streams by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency has found new state records for the Ephemeroptera (mayflies): Baetis brunneicolor McDunnough, Iswaeon anoka (Daggy), Paracloeodes fleeki McCafferty and Lenat, Plauditus cestus (Provonsha and McCafferty), and Rhithrogena manifesta Eaton; the Plecoptera (stoneflies): Pteronarcys cf. biloba Newman; the Trichoptera (caddisflies): Brachycentrus numerosus (Say) and Psiloireta rufa (Hagen); and the Coleoptera (beetles): Gyretes sinuatus LeConte, Dicranopselaphus variegatus Horn, and Microcylloepus pusillus (Le Conte). Additional records are given for the mayfly Paracloeodes minutus (Daggy).
NSFCAM: a new infrared array camera for the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility

ABSTRACT We have just recently commissioned a new 1.0—5.5 jim infrared array camera for the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility based upon the Santa Barbara Research Center 256x256 InSb array. The primary features of this new instrument are three user-selected platescales, a variety of fixed bandpass filters, 1-2% spectral resolution circular variable filters, coronagraph masks, polarization imaging capability, an optical guider/imager, and a grism. In this paper we briefly outline the design and performance of the camera system, describe some unique operating modes, and show some recentimages. 1. INTRODUCTION The NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) operates a 3.0-meter infrared-optimized telescope on Mauna Kea,Hawaii. In September 1993 we commissioned a 1.0-5.5 zm infrared array camera (named NSFCAM) for the IRTF. Thiscamera incorporates a Santa Barbara Research Center (SBRC) 256x256 InSb array. A detailed description of the camera system was presented at a previous SPIE meeting' and some preliminary results were presented2. In this report, we
Incidence and Etiology of New Liver Lesions in Pediatric Patients Previously Treated for Malignancy

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the time course, cause, and imaging characteristics of all new liver lesions in pediatric patients with a previously treated malignancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Our hospital cancer registry was used to identify patients between 1980 and 2005 who met the following criteria: solid tumor, survival > 2 years after diagnosis, no liver lesions at a posttreatment baseline, and cross-sectional imaging follow-up of > 2 years. Final dictated reports of all cross-sectional imaging examinations including the abdomen were reviewed for any mention of new liver lesions. Positive reports were followed by consensus review of the images and clinical data. Patients were divided into three groups: those with suspected or proven focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), those with suspected or proven metastases, and those with other lesions. An exact Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate the differences between the groups. RESULTS. Of 967 patients who met the initial inc...
Prospective Assessment of Health-Related Functioning Among Deployed U.S. Army Active Duty and National Guard Soldiers

This prospective study examined whether combat deployment differentially affected physical health–related functioning in U.S. Army National Guard (NG) versus Active Duty (AD) soldiers. Data collected in person at pre- and postdeployment assessments of 615 U.S. Army AD (n = 517) and NG (n = 98) male participants from infantry-type units deployed to the Iraq War were analyzed via linear mixed effects models. NG soldiers demonstrated significantly more adverse changes in physical health–related functioning than did AD soldiers. The adjusted Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey Physical Component Summary (PCS) score decreased 5% for NG versus 1% for AD from pre- to postdeployment. Adjustment for post-traumatic stress symptom severity did not alter these results.
An examination of five personality factors

Abstract For a close examination of the five factor model of personality, measurements were averaged over several samples. Five samples of 500 to 900 college students rated themselves on lists of adjectives. The results were factor analyzed for each sample, and the varimax loadings for each item were averaged over the samples containing the item. The findings are that three of the factors have commonness of meaning in their highest loading adjectives. For Conscientiousness it is “general organization”; for Agreeableness, “concern for others”; and for Openness (Culture), “novelty or originality”. Introversion and Neuroticism are more complex in composition because they lack this synonymy and because they contain subelements interpreted as Cattell's Factors F, H, and O. The five factors were also related to Pavlovian typology. The Tucker coefficients of factor congruence between the female and male subsamples are all above 0.90 indicating negligible gender differences. Lastly, a personality inventory is described.
How do lipoxygenases control the stereochemistry of fatty acid oxygenation

Abstract Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are lipid-peroxidizing enzymes that are classified with respect to their positional specificity of arachidonic acid oxygenation. This classification is rather descriptive and its structural basis is not well understood. In the absence of direct structural data on enzyme/substrate interaction, a combined strategy of fatty acid modification, site-directed mutagenesis and modeling was employed to investigate the structural basis of LOX specificity. In this paper, the recent advances in structural biology of LOXs are reviewed with particular emphasis on the sequence determinants of the positional specificity of mammalian LOXs.
Production of an isomeric, excited radioactive nuclear beam.

A momentum-analyzed, isomeric, radioactive $^{18}\mathrm{F}^{\mathit{m}}$ beam (${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{x}}$=1.12 MeV, ${\mathit{T}}_{1/2}$=163 ns) has been produced with the reaction $^{12}\mathrm{C}$${(}^{17}$O${,}^{18}$${\mathrm{F}}^{\mathit{m}}$${)}^{11}$B at E${(}^{17}$O)=70 MeV. The $^{18}\mathrm{F}^{\mathit{m}}$ ions were focused onto a secondary target using a compact superconducting solenoid lens and scattering of $^{18}\mathrm{F}^{\mathit{m}}$ from Au and carbon targets was observed. A conversion efficiency of g${10}^{3}$ $^{18}\mathrm{F}^{\mathit{m}}$/s per 100 particle nanoamps of $^{17}\mathrm{O}$ was obtained using a 1.1 mg/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ natural carbon production target.
Development of specific sensory-evoked synaptic networks in fetal mouse cord-brainstem cultures

Neurites of nerve growth factor-enhanced fetal mouse dorsal root ganglion cells can not only establish characteristic sensory synaptic network functions in dorsal regions of attached spinal cord explants, but some of the neurites may grow through the cord tissue in these cultures and make similar functional synaptic connections with specific types of "target" neurons in localized zones within nearby medulla explants.
Low temperature properties of Kondo spin-compensated impurities in metals

Abstract The magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and resistivity of impurities in metals below the Kondo temperature are calculated using a model due to Celli and Zuckerman.
Surgical creation of fistulas and grafts

More than 200,000 patients with end-stage renal disease are maintained on long-term hemodialysis. This has been accomplished via the commitment of numerous professionals and para-professionals to their care. A major factor in the care of these patients is the creation and maintenance of long-term access. Access surgery by nature requires a conservative regimen, should follow basic rules, and requires the total. commitment of the surgeon to the patient in the long term. A cavalier attitude and view regarding the access as only an operative procedure is not only detrimental to the patient in the short term but also in the long term, when no further access site is available. The following manuscript reviews the surgical creation of fistulas and placement of grafts for hemodialysis and outlines our philosophy in the care of the hemodialysis access site.
Ethical congruency of constituent groups

This research investigates the perceptions of five constituent groups of an accredited business school — their perceptions of others' ethics, of their own ethics and ideal values, and of how business ethics can be improved. Self-described behavior from the constituent groups is quite similar, yet is decidedly different from that which respondents felt others would do. Undergraduate business students tended to have the lowest estimation of others' ethics in addition to the least ethical self-described behavior compared with other constituent groups. All constituents were solidly in favor of improving ethics by developing principles of business ethics, requiring ethics courses in business schools and introducing industry codes of ethics. People are much more ethical than they are perceived to be. Knowing that others are more ethical may in turn cause other people to act more ethically. Similarly, believing that others are less ethical may encourage less ethical behavior.
Forearm fractures in children: split opinions about splitting the cast.

Background Fractures of the forearm are the most common fractures in children. Various methods of cast immobilization have been recommended. Currently, there is still controversy regarding the optimal method of treatment, especially regarding the need for cast splitting. Methods We conducted a single-center randomized and controlled trial between June 2008 and September 2009. Children younger than 16 years presenting to the emergency department with a closed fracture of the forearm needing reduction were eligible for random assignment to immobilization in a closed or split circumferential semirigid cast. The primary outcome was the incidence of cast-related soft-tissue problems such as compartment syndrome, neurovascular compromise, saw burns, or skin breakdown. The secondary outcome was fracture stability. Results During this period, 100 patients were randomly assigned to one of the two procedures and analyzed. Follow-up was completed in 99 patients. No compartment syndrome was observed in either group. Moderate skin breakdown ( Conclusions No significant difference in the incidence of cast-related problems was observed between the groups. Fracture stability was comparable in both groups. We suggest that closed circumferential semirigid casts are a safe and effective immobilization technique for fractures of the forearm in children and splitting can be omitted.
Phosphorescent dye-doped hole transporting layer for organic light-emitting diodes

Abstract Hole transport materials are critical to the performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). While 1,1-bis(di-4-tolylaminophenyl)cyclohexane (TAPC) with a high triplet energy is widely used for high efficiency phosphorescent OLEDs, devices using TAPC as a hole transport layer (HTL) have a short operating lifetime due to the build-up of trapped charges at the TAPC/emitting layer (EML) interface during device operation. In this work, to solve the operating stability problem, instead of using conventional HTLs, we use a(fac-tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium (III))(Ir(ppy)3) doped layer as an HTL to replace the conventional HTLs. Because of the hole injecting and transporting abilities of the phosphorescent dye, holes can be directly injected into the emitting layer without an injection barrier. OLEDs based on a phosphorescent dye-doped HTL show significant improvement in operational stability without loss of efficiency.
Reactions of college students to speech disorders.

Abstract This study investigated the reactions of college students to audiotaped speech samples of a woman simulating moderate speech disorders of stuttering, hypernasality, and lateral lisping, as well as presenting normal speech. Student reactions to those recordings were measured by a figure placement task and a 30-item semantic differential instrument. The students reacted to the speech disorders with a tendency of increased social distance in addition to judgments of lower evaluation, lower understandability, and higher anxiety. These findings suggest that students react negatively to speech disorders. Awareness of such reactions could facilitate clinical effectiveness and prepare clinicians to protect clients' rights.
Strain hardening and recovery of nickel alloy 600 by X-ray measurements of dislocation density

Abstract A quantitative link between microdeformation and macrodeformation and kinetic recovery of nickel-base Alloy 600 was established by X-ray rocking curve measurements, supported by transmission electron microscopy. Using a calibration curve relating dislocation density, rocking curve halfwidth and strain, it was possible to use the non-destructive X-ray method to monitor deformation levels. The X-ray rocking curve measurements provided a sensitive indicator of work-hardening characteristics. By correlating the defect structure analysis to kinetic recovery studies of the alloy, including determination of activation energies, it was possible to obtain an insight into the dislocation obstacles responsible for hardening at different strain levels on the basis of their thermal stability. It was shown that Alloy 600, owing to its low stacking fault energy, exhibited the typical deformation characteristics of a Taylor lattice. For a 0.3% plastically strained sample, the dislocations, predominately generated by grain boundary carbides, moved by planar slip without having any major obstacles to overcome. A low activation energy of 25.6 kcal mol−1, attributed to grain boundary self-diffusion, sufficed to result in complete recovery. On analysis of the strain distribution of a large population, it was shown that the alloy underwent inhomogeneous deformation. At a plastic strain of 2%–3%, several intersecting slip systems became operative, resulting in the formation of dislocation obstacles that could only be overcome at elevated temperatures by bulk diffusion and dislocation climb. The activation energies required to obtain 20%, 40% and 50% recovery were 73.0 kcal mol−1, 67.6 kcal mol−1 and 64.1 kcal mol−1 respectively, indicating that more energy was required for strain release at the early stage of the recovery process.
Preparation and sintering of narrow-sized Al2O3-TiO2 composite powders

Narrow size distribution Al2O3-TiO2 composite powders containing nominally 10 to 60 mol % TiO2 were prepared by the stepwise hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide in an Al2O3 dispersion. Particle size was controlled by selecting the particle size of the starting Al2O3 powder. The TiO2 content was determined by the amount of alkoxide hydrolysed. Composite powder compacts were prepared by filter casting or centrifugal casting the composite powder dispersions. All compacts had similar shrinkage behaviour during sintering. When fired above 1300° C, the compacts containing less than 50 mol % TiO2 became Al2TiO5-Al2O3 composite bodies with high densities, the compact containing 50 mol % TiO2 became an Al2TiO5 body with domain structure, and the compact containing 60 mol % TiO2 formed a TiO2-Al2TiO5 composite structure. When these composite bodies were annealed below 1300° C, they showed different decomposition behaviour and microstructures.
An integrated GIS and modeling approach for assessing the transient response of forests of the southern Great Lakes region to a doubled CO2 climate

Abstract This research examines the effects of climate change on the species composition of forests in the southern Great Lakes region in USA (Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio) by simultaneously addressing five key components necessary for realistic predictions of future forest composition. We simulated transient (1), species-level (2), forest response to climate change at a spatial scale that accounted for competitive effects (3), and regional site diversity (4), in the spatial configuration of forests within the regional landuse matrix (5). The JABOWA-II forest growth model was used to provide species-specific responses of 45 tree species to site conditions (e.g. climatic, edaphic) while accounting for competition for limited resources (e.g. light, nutrients, water). Forest growth was simulated annually from 1981 to 2060 in 0.01 ha plots, each representing a unique 4 km2 area (site) in the region with 30% or more forest cover (16,431 unique sites). Geo-spatial input data included land use (Land Use/Land Cover Data), community-level tree species composition (Eastwide Forest Inventory Database), site conditions (State Soils Geographic Data Base, Digital Elevation Model), baseline climate (1951–1980 normals from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration weather stations), and general circulation model output for generating the changed climate scenario (2×CO2 equilibrium run, Oregon State University model). The equilibrium run output, which predicted temperature increases ranging from 3.11 to 3.67 °C and precipitation increases from 2 to 14% over the study area, was applied linearly to the baseline climate over an 80-year modeling period. Results from forty iterations of simulated forest growth under each climate scenario (baseline and changed) were compiled at 10-year intervals as total basal area for each species. These plot results were scaled to the appropriate site according to the amount of forest cover in the 4 km2 areas. Dominance-weighted population centroids were calculated for the regional distribution of each species for both climate scenarios at the years 1981 and 2060. Relative to forest conditions at 2060 after growth under baseline climate, the climate change scenario caused a decrease in total basal area of Northern Conifers (−99.9%) and Northern Deciduous (−99.4%) species and only a slight increase in Intermediate (+1.23%) and Southern species (+0.3%). Direction of population centroid shifts for these four species groups primarily were northeast. Our results for the northern species groups were consistent with previous studies. Possibly, our most important results were the minor differences in relative response for Intermediate and Southern species at the group level.