cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural and optical properties of (Zn,Mn)O thin films prepared by atomic layer deposition

This paper investigates manganese-doped zinc oxide (ZnMnO) thin films grown using the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. ZnO and MnO layers were deposited alternatively using diethyl zinc and manganese (III) acetylacetonate (Mn(acac)3) as metallic precursors. A suppressed growth rate for both materials was observed during the growth of ZnMnO samples, which is due to reduced adsorption of the precursor molecules on the surface of the sample. Structural characterization of the ZnMnO films shows a weak polycrystalline structure for the as-deposited thin films. On the other hand, thermally annealed samples demonstrated a textured polycrystalline structure with a distinct (002) orientation. A red shift in the near band edge absorption was observed by increasing the Mn:Zn ratio. The results of this work demonstrate the potential in ALD growth of high-quality wide bandgap ZnMnO thin films that can be used as an active semiconductor material in memory and logic devices.
It Can Be Done! A Skills-Based Elective in Implicit Bias Recognition and Management for Preclinical Medical Students.

Purpose Students perceive bias in learning environments. Curricula targeting implicit bias recognition and management increase student awareness and achieve strategy identification, but fall short of actual skill development to address bias. In light of this gap, the authors developed and evaluated a skills-based elective to recognize and manage implicit bias in the learning environment. Method Nine 1.5-hour sessions were delivered to 15 first-year medical students from 2017 to 2019. An evidence-based conceptual framework and transformative learning theory informed the instructional design; it incorporated active learning exercises. Skills assessment occurred through direct observation of student performances in role-play exercises. Using thematic analysis, the authors conducted a program evaluation based on focus groups with students and data from notes taken by the investigative team. Results Students engaged with all aspects of instruction, including role-plays. Authors identified 3 themes from the program evaluation: (1) Student engagement can be enhanced, (2) Instruction is empowering, and (3) It (addressing bias in one's own and witnessed encounters) can be done! Analysis additionally highlighted opportunities for improvement and lessons learned. Conclusions This innovative course achieved skill development and practice for medical students in implicit bias recognition and management as it pertains to 3 facets of clinical care present at every stage of a health professional's career. These include interpersonal encounters, advocating for patients when bias is perceived in witnessed encounters with peers and supervisors, and addressing comments made by others within the learning environment. Outcomes could inform novel, skills-based curricula across the spectrum of health professions training and practice.
Blood culture positivity rate for Trypanosoma cruzi in patients with chronic Chagas disease differs among different clinical forms.

Background: The purpose of this research was to compare the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with chronic Chagas disease with and without positive blood cultures for Trypanosoma cruzi. Methods: This was a retrospective longitudinal study that included 139 patients with chronic Chagas disease who underwent blood culture for T. cruzi. Blood cultures were performed using Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle medium enriched with Schneider's medium. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis adjusting for age and sex was performed to identify if positive blood culture for T. cruzi was associated with all-cause mortality. Results: The blood culture positivity rate was 30.9%. Most patients were born in the Northeast and Southeast regions of Brazil. Patients with positive blood cultures were older (52±13 vs 45±13 y; p=0.0009) and more frequently women (72.1% vs. 53.1%; p=0.03) than patients with negative blood cultures. The frequency of patients with cardiac or cardiodigestive forms was higher among patients with positive vs negative blood cultures (74.4% vs 54.1%; p=0.02). A total of 28 patients died during a mean follow-up time of 6.6±4.1 y. A positive blood culture was associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 2.26 [95% confidence interval 1.02 to 5.01], p=0.045). Conclusions: We found a higher proportion of patients with Chagas heart disease among patients with T. cruzi-positive blood cultures. A positive blood culture was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Therefore T. cruzi persistence may influence Chagas disease pathogenesis and prognosis.
Analysis of H2 Emission from Mira B in Ultraviolet Spectra from the Hubble Space Telescope

We analyze Lyα fluoresced H2 lines observed in the UV spectrum of Mira B. We identify 13 different sequences fluoresced by 13 different H2 transitions within the Lyα line. The observed H2 line ratios within these sequences imply significant line opacity, so we use a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code to model the line ratios, correcting for opacity effects. We find that the observed line ratios can best be reproduced by assuming that the H2 is fluoresced in a layer between the observer and Mira B with a temperature and column density of T = 3600 K and log N(H2) = 17.3, respectively. The strengths of H2 absorption features within the Lyα line are roughly consistent with this temperature and column. We use the total flux fluoresced within the 13 sequences to infer the Lyα profile seen by the H2. In order to explain differences between the shape of this and the observed profile, we have to assume that the observed profile suffers additional interstellar (or circumstellar) H I Lyα absorption with a column density of about log N(H ) = 20.35. We also have to assume that the observed profile is about a factor of 2.5 lower in flux than the profile seen by the H2, and a couple of possible explanations for this behavior are presented. Several lines of evidence lead us to tentatively attribute the fluoresced emission to H2 that is heated in a photodissociation front within Mira A's wind a few AU from Mira B, although it is possible that interaction between the winds of Mira A and B may also play a role in heating the H2. We estimate a Mira B mass-loss rate of = 5 × 10-13 M☉ yr-1 and a terminal velocity of V∞ = 250 km s-1, based on wind absorption features in the Mg II h and k lines. We note, however, that the wind is variable and IUE Mg II spectra suggest significantly higher mass-loss rates during the IUE era.
UAV-assisted Railway Track Segmentation based on Convolutional Neural Networks

In the railway sector, track inspections are regularly needed to monitor the track conditions for potential hazards in order to ensure safety and security of life and property. Recently, conducting infrastructure inspections and monitoring using UAVs has gained attention in various industries including the railways. The rapid development of advanced deep learning and machine vision techniques have given rise to automated railway hazard detection systems based on UAV-based imagery. A major task in such systems is to localize or segment the railway tracks in UAV-based images. This paper investigates the effectiveness of a fully convolutional encoder-decoder type segmentation network called U-Net for the task of segmenting rail track regions from UAV-based images. Through experimental evaluations using a proprietary real-world dataset, we demonstrate U-Net’s effectiveness in terms of mean Intersection over Union (IoU). Such methods of rail track segmentation are particularly useful in applications such as automated UAV navigation along rail tracks.
Articles of faith and mystic matrices: Marketing textbooks and the misrepresentation of reality

Purpose – This purpose of this paper is to show that theories of marketing, as evident in a range of key textbooks, represent a set of reified articles of faith, which are unreflective of the reality of the practitioner's world.Design/methodology/approach – This paper draws on some interpretative research findings into the nature of marketing practice. A series of phenomenological interviews were carried out with senior marketing managers. Their views were compared with existing representations of marketing as it appears in a range of textbooks.Findings – Marketing textbooks were found to be highly alike drawing as they do on an implicit systems based paradigm. The findings from the interviews show that marketing is a locally defined, highly contextualised activity that is dissimilar in many ways to the generalised prescriptions of mainstream textbooks.Research limitations/implications – Scholarship in the form of textbooks should attempt to move away from the dictates of the dominant articles of faith as...
Fiction, 'Social Facts' and the Construction of National Security Policy

The routine employment of torture on the popular television series 24 has given rise to the charge that program lends false verisimilitude to the premise that torture is a legitimate and effective means of interrogation. A growing body of evidence suggests the critics' charge is correct. Indeed, the Dean of the US Military Academy at West Point grew so concerned about the pernicious influence the program was having on his cadets that he traveled to California to meet with the show's creators to ask them to tone down the use of torture. But how and why can a fictional program like 24 actually influence political reality? Is this case something of an exception, or more akin to the rule? Under what conditions should we expect such "social facts" - i.e., things that are deemed to be "true" simply because they are widely believed to be true - to become widely adopted and disseminated? The theory-building paper examines the case of the historically profoundly influential short story The Battle of Dorking, which not only catalyzed the birth of the enormously popular "invasion literature" genre, but also motivated passage of legislation in the United Kingdom that resulted in the first mass peacetime maneuvers of home troops as well as spawned a national debate (ultimately unsuccessful) over the issue of conscription and (quite possibly) catalyzed creation of the British intelligence service. The paper will employ the method of process-tracing to formulate a series of testable hypotheses about the conditions under which fiction will influence the creation and implementation of national security policy, which can then be applied to a variety of historical and contemporary cases.
Deconstructing the reactivation of imitation in young infants

Reactivation is an automatic, perceptual process in which exposure to components of a forgotten event alleviates forgetting. Most research on infant memory reactivation has used conditioning paradigms. We used the puppet imitation task to systematically examine which stimuli could retrieve 6-month-olds' forgotten memory of the modeled actions. Infants watched an adult model a sequence of actions on a puppet, imitated the actions, and were exposed to reactivation cues 24 hr before a 7-day (Experiment 1) or 14-day (Experiment 2) retention test. Exposure to any component of the original event reactivated the memory during the 7-day test, but two of the same components failed to alleviate forgetting during the 14-day test. Increasing the number of retrieval cues facilitated 14-day test performance. These findings reveal that the principles of reactivation are the same for conditioning and imitation paradigms: The necessary and sufficient conditions for memory reactivation are directly related to memory accessibility.
Sexually transmitted infections: overview.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) exert a major toll on human communities worldwide. Bacterial and protozoan infections are curable with antimicrobial therapy, while viral infections are treatable but not curable in the classic sense. STIs can cause immediate pain and suffering, profound psychosocial stress, and serious, long-term health consequences. Many STIs are asymptomatic, and surveillance systems to track STIs are incomplete in developed and developing countries. STIs have been shown to be important cofactors in HIV transmission. New approaches to STI control and prevention are needed to reduce the spread of infection and minimize associated suffering.
Acyl carrier protein. Structural requirements for function in fatty acid biosynthesis.

Abstract The mechanism of the reactivity of the enzymes of fatty acid synthesis from Escherichia coli with thioester substrates of acyl carrier protein has been investigated by structural modification of this protein. Carboxypeptidase A treatment of acyl carrier protein releases the carboxyl-terminal residue, alanine, and 0.3 residue each of histidine and glutamine. Carboxypeptidase A-treated acyl carrier protein remains fully active as assayed in the malonyl-coenzyme A CO2-exchange reaction of fatty acid synthesis. Limited acid hydrolysis of acyl carrier protein at pH 2.0, 100°, results in the preferential cleavage and release of aspartic acid residues and rapidly inactivates the protein. After a single aspartic acid residue has been released, 80% of acyl carrier protein activity has been lost. Treatment of acyl carrier protein for 80 min at pH 2.0, 100°, results in the release of 0.39 mole of aspartic acid per mole of acyl carrier protein. Following this treatment a single peptide was isolated in large yield. This peptide comprised three-fourths of the molecule and contained the intact carboxyl-terminal end of acyl carrier protein. The amino terminus of this peptide was serine, and the peptide was inactive in the malonyl-CoA CO2-exchange reaction. After tryptic hydrolysis of acyl carrier protein a peptide containing 42 amino acid residues was isolated. This peptide contained the intact prosthetic group. It had aminoterminal glutamic acid and the carboxyl-terminal sequence (Leu,Val)-Met-Ala-Lys, and was unable to replace acyl carrier protein, either in the malonyl-CoA CO2-exchange reaction or in long chain fatty acid synthesis. Malonyl tryptic peptide was unable to replace malonyl acyl carrier protein in the β-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthetase reaction, thus explaining the inability of this peptide to function in long chain fatty acid synthesis. Acetoacetyl tryptic peptide was reduced slowly in the presence of β-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein reductase with a Michaelis constant of 1.7 x 10-3 m and a maximum velocity of 0.21 µmole of reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide oxidized per min per mg, compared to values of 6.6 x 10-5 m and 1.36 µmoles of TPNH oxidized per min per mg for acetoacetyl acyl carrier protein. This difference suggests that the site which confers the high reactivity of the acyl carrier protein substrate is missing in the tryptic peptide. The existence of such a site is indicated by the fact that free acyl carrier protein competitively inhibited (Ki = 2.2 x 10-4 m) the reduction of acetoacetyl acyl carrier protein catalyzed by β-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein reductase. The tryptic peptide at concentrations up to 5 x 10-4 m did not inhibit the reduction of acetoacetyl acyl carrier protein. These experiments suggest that acyl carrier protein interacts with β-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein reductase at a site different from the prosthetic group-active site interaction and that this site has been altered or lost upon tryptic digestion of acyl carrier protein. Further primary structure of acyl carrier protein is presented.
Sports Clubs at Commuter Colleges

(1978). Sports Clubs at Commuter Colleges. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 48-49.
A Compositional Approach to Causality

Inferring causality from equation models characterizing engineering domains is important towards predicting and diagnosing system behavior. Most previous attempts in this direction have failed to recognize the key differences between equations which model physical phenomena and those that just express rationality or numerical conveniences of the designer. These different types of equations bear different causal implications among the model parameters they relate. We show how unstructured and ad hoc formulations of equation models for apparent numerical conveniences are lossy in the causal information encoding and justify the use of CML as a model formulation paradigm which retains these causal structures among model parameters by clearly separating equations corresponding to phenomena and rationality. We provide an algorithm to infer causality from the active model fragments by using the notion of PreCondition graphs.
Tackling voltage emergencies in NoC through timing error resilience

Aggressive technology scaling exacerbates the problem of voltage emergencies in emerging MPSoC systems. Network-on-Chips, the de-facto standard for connecting on-chip components in forthcoming devices play a central role in providing robust and reliable communication. In this work, we propose DrNoC (droop resilient network-on-chip)-two microarchitectural techniques to mitigate voltage emergency-induced timing errors in NoCs and preserve error-free communication throughout the network. DrNoC employs frequency downscaling and a pipeline error-recovery mechanism to reclaim corrupted flits in the router. Compared to the recently proposed NSFTR fault-tolerant technique, DrNoC offers a 27% improvement in energy-delay efficiency.
Point-of-Care Knowledge-Based Resource Needs of Clinicians

Objective: To better understand the literature searching preferences of clinical providers we conducted an institution-wide survey assessing the most preferred knowledge searching techniques. Materials and Methods: A survey regarding literature searching preferences was sent to 1862 unique clinical providers throughout Mayo Clinic. The survey consisted of 25 items asking respondents to select which clinical scenarios most often prompt literature searches as well as identify their most preferred knowledge resources. Results: A total of 450 completed surveys were returned and analyzed (24% response rate). 48% of respondents perform literature searches for more than half of their patient interactions with 91% of all searches occurring either before or within 3 hours of the patient interaction. When a search is performed 57% of respondents prefer synthesized information sources as compared to only 13% who prefer original research. 82% of knowledge searches are performed on a workstation or office computer while just 10% occur on a mobile device or at home. Conclusion: Providers in our survey demonstrate a need to answer clinical questions on a regular basis, especially in the diagnosis and therapy domains. Responses suggest that most of these searches occur using synthesized knowledge sources in the patient care setting within a very short time from the patient interaction.
Saturable reactors with inductive D-C load: Part I. Steady-state operation

THE operation of saturable-reactor circuits with purely resistive loads, such as incandescent lamps, has been described in many articles.1?6 There are, however, a great many applications especially in connection with feedback control systems where the load consists of an inductance, such as the field of an electric machine, requiring direct current. Yet the writer is not aware of any published mathematical analysis of the inductive d-c case, including effects of variations of line voltage, line frequency, and load resistance. After the completion and first submission of this paper, Mr. Milnes' paper12 dealing, in part, with saturable reactors with inductive d-c load became known to the author.
Understanding the decline in unwanted online sexual solicitations for U.S. youth 2000–2010: Findings from three Youth Internet Safety Surveys

To explore the decline in online sexual solicitations between 2000 and 2010 by examining the characteristics of solicitations to better inform prevention efforts. Data are from the Youth Internet Safety Surveys (YISS); three cross-sectional, nationally representative telephone surveys of 3561 youth Internet users in the United States, ages 10 through 17 (1501 in YISS-1; 1500 in YISS-2; 1560 in YISS-3). Unwanted online sexual solicitation was defined as requests to engage in sexual activities or sexual talk or give personal sexual information that were unwanted or, whether wanted or not, made by an adult. The decline in unwanted sexual solicitations from 19% in 2000 to 13% in 2005 to 9% in 2010 was driven by a reduction in youth who were being asked to talk about sex or for personal sexual information online. Pre-teens (ages 10-12) accounted for the majority of this decline. Multiple solicitations over the course of a year also decreased. More solicitations occurred at the hands of people youth knew in person prior to the incident - mainly friends and acquaintances, and less so at the hands of people youth met online. By 2010 most solicitations were occurring through social networking sites. Victims were disclosing solicitation incidents at greater rates in 2010 - mostly to friends. In spite of continuing anxiety about the impact of the Internet on the safety of youth, encouraging trends suggest experiences, behavior and education are moving in the direction of greater online safety and improved experiences for youth.
Effect of pH on Penetration of Naphthaleneacetic Acid and Naphthaleneacetamide Through Isolated Pear Leaf Cuticle

Penetration of naphthaleneacetic acid through enzymatically isolated upper pear (Pyrus communis L. cv. Bartlett) leaf cuticle increased as the donor pH was decreased. Naphthaleneacetamide penetration was not influenced by donor pH. The effect of pH on naphthaleneacetic acid penetration was reversible. Higher receiver (simulated leaf interior) pH favored penetration of naphthaleneacetic acid. Changes in the degree of dissociation, and hence polarity, as controlled by hydrogen ion concentration was the prime factor in the response of naphthaleneacetic acid to pH. At pH values lower than the pK (4.2 for naphthaleneacetic acid), the molecule was primarily undissociated, lipophilic, and penetrated into the cuticle; whereas, at pH values above the pK naphthaleneacetic acid was ionized, hydrophilic, and penetrated the cuticle with difficulty or not at all. Data presented are consistent with the hypothesis that naphthaleneacetic acid and naphthaleneacetamide penetration through the cuticle takes place by diffusion.
Guinea pig mu opioid receptor: brainstem expression in the morphine-exposed neonate.

Abstract The mu opioid receptor (MOR) has been characterized in the mouse and rat. The guinea pig has several advantages as a model for in utero exposure to morphine; the placental structure is similar to the human; and the guinea pig metabolizes morphine to its active metabolite, morphine-6-glucuronide, at similar rates as humans. Guinea pig MOR cDNA was sequenced. To evaluate expression in respiratory control areas, a guinea pig specific cRNA probe was prepared and utilized for in situ hybridization in brainstem slices. In situ results were compared with immunohistochemistry to determine a correlation between mRNA expression and MOR protein expression. Neonatal animals exposed in utero to chronic intermittent morphine were compared with saline-exposed controls. Quantitative RT-PCR comparison of mRNA expression levels in brainstem regions was also performed. No differences were found in brainstem areas expressing mRNA or amount of mRNA expression between treatment and neonatal age groups. Immunohistochemistry showed that protein expression correlates anatomically with mRNA expression and no difference in protein levels could be detected between treatment groups. Lack of difference in mRNA or protein levels of MOR following in utero exposure to morphine suggests that differences seen between these groups with DAMGO-stimulated 35S-GTPγS binding involve a change in efficiency of coupling to G-proteins when MOR is activated.
Intracerebral dialysis monitoring of striatal dopamine release and metabolism in response to L-dopa.

We have used intracerebral dialysis to monitor the striatal extracellular fluid (ECF) in rats with unilateral lesions of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) pathway. Dialysis samples were collected before and after L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) administration both in the presence and absence of carbidopa, an extracerebral DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) inhibitor. The baseline ECF levels of DA, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) were always higher in the intact than in the lesioned striata. In the normal striata, dopamine (DA) concentrations increased following L-DOPA administration. Pretreatment with carbidopa prolonged the duration of the DA increase. In the lesioned striata, DA levels increased following L-DOPA administration only in animals pretreated with carbidopa. Following L-DOPA administration, striatal HVA and DOPAC levels increased considerably more in animals not pretreated with carbidopa than they did in pretreated animals. This increase was particularly marked in the lesioned striata and leads us to conclude that extracerebrally produced HVA and DOPAC can enter the brain extracellular space.
The Normal Neonatal Response to Pin‐prick

SUMMARY The responses of 130 healthy neonates to stimulation by pin-prick were examined and the normal features of the response delineated. The normal response is movement of the upper and lower limbs, usually accompanied by grimace and/or cry. When grimace or cry are elicited, a simultaneous movement of lower and upper limbs can be expected. RESUME La reponse a la stimulation par piquure a eteetudiee chez 130 nouveaux-nes en bonne sante et les caracteristiques normales des reponses ont eteetablies. La reponse normale est un mouvement des membres superieurs et inferieurs habituellement accompagne de grimace et/ou de cris. Quand la grimace ou le cri sont provoques, on doit s'attendre a un mouvement simultane des membres superieurs et inferieurs. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Bei 130 gesunden Neugeborenen wurde die Reaktion auf Reizung durch Nadelstich untersucht; die normalen Muster der Reaktionen wurden aufgezeichnet. Die normale Reaktion besteht in einer Bewegung der oberen und unteren Extremitaten gewohnlich begleitet von Grimassieren und/oder Schreien. Wenn Geschrei oder Grimassieren ausgelost werden, kann eine simultane Bewegung der unteren und oberen Extremitaten erwartet werden. RESUMEN Se examino la respuesta de 130 recien nacidos sanos a la estimulacion con pinchazo de alfiler y se delinearon las caracteristicas normales de las respuestas. La respuesta normale es un movimiento de los miembros superiores e inferiores, corrientemente acompanados por una mueca o/y un grito. Cuando se advierte una mueca o un grito, puede esperarse un movimiento simultaneo de las extremidades superiores e inferiores.
Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 deficiency causes a recessive metabolic bone disorder resembling lethal/severe osteogenesis imperfecta

Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 deficiency causes a recessive metabolic bone disorder resembling lethal/severe osteogenesis imperfecta
An Analysis Of Trends In JABA Authorship.

Because the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis is recognized as a prominent journal in applied behavior analysis, a description of authorship trends may be important for discerning developments in the discipline. The analyses reported herein address trends from 1975 through 1997 in the publication of articles by new authors and the appearance of articles authored by frequent contributors. The data reveal a trend away from the appearance of new authors with an increase in the publication of works by frequent contributors. These trends are shown to be more conspicuous than in comparison data from the American Journal on Mental Retardation.
Carnosine Phosphate as Phosphate Donor in Muscular Contraction

UNDER the above title Goodall1 showed that a mixture of carnosine di- and mono-phosphates has a relaxing action practically identical with that of creatine phosphate on the glycerol-extracted muscle fibre. He raised the question of the presence and role of this substance in muscle, and pointed out that its non-detection so far may be because it is so much more acid-labile than creatine phosphate1,2.
Sex and the "Culture Wars" of the Nineteenth Century

Over the last decade or so, those who were once known as "The Other Victorians" have come to be seen as the mainstream of nineteenth-century society. To read Timothy J. Gilfoyle's description of the "noctivigous strumpetocracy" that ruled the streets of New York, or George Chauncey's description of homosexuality in plain sight, or Rachel Maines's astonishing overview of the technological innovations used to induce female orgasm, and now Helen Horowitz's Rereading Sex: Battles Over Sexual Knowledge and Suppression is to see the extent to which sex permeated every aspect of nineteenth-century life.' Indeed, it is now possible to see Victorians as beset with sexual crisis, not because of the instability inherent in repression, but because of the difficulty posed by the fact of the centrality of sex-one could even say its overrepresentation-in urban culture for much of the nineteenth century. Horowitz's book focuses on the role of the printed word in creating the nineteenth-century sexual atmosphere. Whereas earlier works emphasized the experience of street life in New York or efforts at moral reform, this book takes the whole of the sexual "conversation" as its subject. Eschewing the word "discourse," Horowtiz instead claims there were four sexual "frameworks" operating during the Victorian era in the United States. Vernacular sexual culture, which was passed down orally and based on humoral theory, is designated as the first "framework"; evangelical Christianity, with its "deep distrust of the flesh" is second; the publications and political meetings of reform physiologists make up the third; and finally, at the outer edge, are the sexual enthusiasts and the sporting press (p. 5). Vernacular sexual culture is set aside in order to interrogate the three other "frameworks." These she approaches from almost every angle. There are descriptions and short biographies of the most important players in the field of sexual expression-from John Humphrey Noyes to Joseph Snelling, the editor of the short-lived Sunday Flash. Horowitz also recounts political battles among various groups of reformers, court battles
Laha, a language of the central Moluccas

(1980). Laha, a language of the central Moluccas. Indonesia Circle. School of Oriental & African Studies. Newsletter: Vol. 8, No. 23, pp. 3-20.
Direct calculations of material parameters for gradient plasticity

Length scale parameters introduced in gradient theories of plasticity are calculated in closed form with a continuum dislocation based theory. The similarity of the governing equations in both models for the evolution of plastic deformation of a constrained thin film makes it possible to identify parameters of the gradient plasticity theory with the dislocation based model. A one-to-one identification is not possible given that gradient plasticity does not account for individual dislocations. However, by comparing the mean plastic deformation across the film thickness we find that the length scale parameter, l, introduced in the gradient plasticity theory depends on the geometry as well as material constants.
The relation between postheparin lipolytic activity and plasma triglyceride in myxedema

Abstract Low levels of postheparin lipolytic activity (PHLA) were found in 4 patients with myxedema associated with relative elevations of plasma triglyceride. Treatment with thyroxin lowered serum triglyceride and restored PHLA to normal. Dietary manipulation affected PHLA and triglyceride in a reciprocal fashion both before and after thyroxin therapy. These reciprocal changes are consistent with an etiologic role for low PHLA in the development of hypertriglyceridemia in myxedema.
Characterization of a novel particle into liquid sampler for analysis of single fluorescent aerosol particles through capillary electrophoresis.

An approach to sample and analyze single aerosolized droplets ( 1 μm diameter with an efficiency of 80% or greater. At 15 kV applied potential, the FITC conjugates of GLY and GLU could be resolved in less than 120 s allowing qualitative analysis of the contents of single dispersed particles. However, the extent to which the sample is diluted into the buffer droplet varied significantly on a per-particle basis that caused >80% R.S.D. in fluorescence peak heights. This aspect of the method would necessitate the use of internal standards for quantitative analysis of materials present within the particles. It is envisaged that further improvements to the device described may ultimately lead to analysis of the contents of single particles dispersed in earth's atmosphere.
Initial experience with endoscopic side cutting aspiration system in pure neuroendoscopic excision of large intraventricular tumors.

Objective Conventionally, neuroendoscopic excision of intraventricular tumors has been difficult and time consuming because of lack of an effective decompression system that can be used through the working channel of the endoscope. Methods The authors report their initial experience in purely endoscopic excision of large intraventricular tumors with the minimally invasive NICO Myriad system. The NICO Myriad is a side cutting soft tissue aspiration system that uses an inner reciprocating cannula and an outer stationary sheath with a side port. During decompression, applied suction approximates the tumor into the lumen of the outer sheath, with the inner cannula excising the tissue by oscillation of the cutting edge. The tumor is then removed by aspiration through the inner sheath. Results Three patients with large intraventricular tumors were operated by a purely endoscopic approach using a GAAB rigid endoscope and the NICO Myriad system. Of these, two had intraventricular craniopharyngiomas and one had a lateral ventricular subependymoma. The tumor size varied between 1.9 and 4.5 cm in the largest diameter. A relatively firm and solid tumor was encountered in two and a multicystic tumor with thick adherent walls in one. The tumor could be subtotally removed in one and near totally in two. There were no long-term complications. Conclusion The NICO Myriad is a highly effective tumor decompression system that can be effectively used in a purely endoscopic approach to intraventricular lesions.
The 1980 April 12 flare and transient: Report on progress in interpretation

Abstract A multidisciplinary study of this solar-interplanetary event is summarized by two main points: this flare was an incident in a process that began days before the flare, and continued after the flare; and the chain of events can be interpreted most simply in terms of energy input over scales of time and space that are large compared to the flare seen in the light of Hα. In support of these points, 5 aspects of the flare are described here: (1) hours before the flare, slow changes in coronal structure were associated with radio continuum emission, suggesting large-scale magnetic-field changes and the presence of energetic electrons; (2) long-lived X-ray loops require sustained energy input for at least an hour after the flare start; (3) interplanetary disturbance near earth is probably related to this limb flare, although the (expected) absence of a shock makes identification uncertain; (4) the coronal mass ejection overlay decaying magnetic field; (5) speed derived from frequency drift of the type II radio burst in the low corona, and from the travel time of the disturbance to 1 a.u., are about twice as great as the observed speed of the coronal mass ejection and of the disturbed solar-wind speed.
Inhibition of lens and cataract aldose reductase by protein-bound anti-rheumatic drugs: Salicylate, indomethacin, oxyphenbutazone, sulindac

The protein bound anti-rheumatic drugs salicylate, indomethacin, oxyphenbutazone and sulindac inhibit human and calf lens aldose reductase. Against human cataract aldose reductase the IC50 is 1×10−7 m for sulindac, 1×10−5 m for indomethacin, 5×10−4 m for salicylate and 5×10−3 m for oxyphenbutazone. These drugs which have had widespread clinical use in humans inhibit human senile cataract aldose reductase non-competitively with either dl -glyceraldehyde or d -glucose as substrate. The effectiveness of the anti-rheumatic agents as inhibitors of aldose reductase may be enhanced by binding to lens proteins and retention inside the lens (or cataract) for prolonged periods of time.
On mean field equations for spin glasses

In this paper we study rigorously the random Ising model on a Cayley tree in the limit of infinite coordination numberz → 8. An iterative scheme is developed relating mean magnetizations and mean square magnetizations of successive shells far removed from the surface of the lattice. In this way we obtain local properties of the model in the (thermodynamic) limit of an infinite number of shells. When the coupling constants are independent Gaussian random variables the SK expressions emerge as stable fixed points of our scheme and provide a valid local mean-field theory of spin glasses in which negative local entropy (at low temperatures) while perfectly possible mathematically may still perhaps be physically undesirable. Finally we examine the TAP equations and show that if the average over bond disorder and the limitz → 8 are actually performed, one recovers our iterative scheme and hence the SK equations also in the thermodynamic limit.
Multiple Double Cross-Section Transmission Electron Microscope Sample Preparation of Specific Sub-10 nm Diameter Si Nanowire Devices

The ability to prepare multiple cross-section transmission electron microscope (XTEM) samples from one XTEM sample of specific sub-10 nm features was demonstrated. Sub-10 nm diameter Si nanowire (NW) devices were initially cross-sectioned using a dual-beam focused ion beam system in a direction running parallel to the device channel. From this XTEM sample, both low- and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM) images were obtained from six separate, specific site Si NW devices. The XTEM sample was then re-sectioned in four separate locations in a direction perpendicular to the device channel: 90° from the original XTEM sample direction. Three of the four XTEM samples were successfully sectioned in the gate region of the device. From these three samples, low- and high-resolution TEM images of the Si NW were taken and measurements of the NW diameters were obtained. This technique demonstrated the ability to obtain high-resolution TEM images in directions 90° from one another of multiple, specific sub-10 nm features that were spaced 1.1 μm apart.
Preliminary Evidence for the Enhancement of Self-Conducted Exposures for OCD Using Cognitive Bias Modification

Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is the most effective treatment for OCD but it is not accessible to most patients. Attempts to increase the accessibility of ERP via self-directed ERP (sERP) programs such as computerized delivery and bibliotherapy have met with noncompliance, presumably because patients find the exposure exercises unacceptable. Previous research suggests that Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) interventions may help individuals approach feared situations. The goal of the current study was to test the efficacy of a treatment program for OCD that integrates sERP with CBM. Twenty-two individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for OCD enrolled in our 7-week treatment program. Results suggest that sERP with CBM led to significant reduction of OCD symptoms and functional impairment. Indeed, the magnitude of the effect of this novel treatment, that requires only an initial session with a clinician trained in ERP for OCD, was comparable to that of the gold standard clinician-administered ERP. Moreover, preliminary evidence suggests that CBM interventions targeting interpretation bias may be most effective, whereas those targeting attention and working memory bias may not be so.
Chirality and stereochemical recognition in DNA-phytohormone interactions: a model approach.

Space-filling molecular models of selected phytohormones and DNA, employed as described herein, illustrate possiblein vivo stereochemical recognition between nucleic acids and intercalated phytohormones. In this regard, the absolute chirality of certain phytohormones, and that of DNA may be essential for the recognition process. It is speculated further that the specific interactions shown by molecular models have significance in the evolution of plant regulatory mechanisms.
Metabolism of 3 H-Myoglobin

PERKOFF1 has recently emphasized the paucity of information on myoglobin metabolism and the importance of this haemoprotein in the myoglobinurias. Previous attempts to study the turnover of myoglobin by administering 14C-glycine-2 to rats met with limited success because of the poor incorporation of isotope and non-specific labelling of the molecule (that is, haem and globin). We now describe a new technique for preparing 3H-myoglobin labelled with haem and studies of its turnover and degradation are reported.
Selenium in the Blackfoot, Salt, and Bear river watersheds.

Nine stream sites in the Blackfoot River, Salt River, and Bear River watersheds in southeast Idaho, USA were sampled in May 2001 for water, surficial sediment, aquatic plants, aquatic invertebrates, and fish. Selenium was measured in these aquatic ecosystem components, and a hazard assessment was performed on the data. Water quality characteristics such as pH, hardness, and specific conductance were relatively uniform among the nine sites. Of the aquatic components assessed, water was the least contaminated with selenium because measured concentrations were below the national water quality criterion of 5 μ g/L at eight of the nine sites. In contrast, selenium was elevated in sediment, aquatic plants, aquatic invertebrates, and fish from several sites, suggesting deposition in sediments and food web cycling through plants and invertebrates. Selenium was elevated to concentrations of concern in fish at eight sites (> 4 μ g/g in whole body). A hazard assessment of selenium in the aquatic environment suggested a moderate hazard at upper Angus Creek (UAC) and Smoky Creek (SC), and high hazard at Little Blackfoot River (LiB), Blackfoot River gaging station (BGS), State Land Creek (SLC), upper (UGC) and lower Georgetown Creek (LGC), Deer Creek (DC), and Crow Creek (CC). The results of this study indicate that selenium concentrations from the phosphate mining area of southeast Idaho were sufficiently elevated in several ecosystem components to cause adverse effects to aquatic resources in southeastern Idaho.
Wireless information and power transfer for communication recovery in disaster areas

When a disaster happens, the communication network is very likely to be damaged. Since communication is critical for coordinating the operations of disaster recovery, restoring the communication network is always the first priority. In many situations, however, the breakdown of the communication network results from the cutoff of the power network, and it is difficult to recover the power network in a short time. In this paper, we propose a wireless information and power transfer scheme such that the communication network can be recovered without firstly restoring the power network. Challenges of the proposed scheme are discussed.
The Family in a Sequence of Political Activation: Why Civic Interventions Can Succeed:

We invite theorists and architects of interventions to consider the stimulation of family political communication as a powerful strategy for the mobilization of civic involvement. Family-based interaction constitutes a valuable resource for activation efforts, but to appreciate this potential requires a conceptualization of political involvement as a micro-social process. The family constitutes a social system that tends to maintain homeostatic balance in various domains of social interaction, including civic competence. An intervention such as a school curriculum or a media campaign can heighten the political interest of the family member initially reached by the intervention, which creates tension if other family members perceive a need to increase their own civic competence. Strides toward citizenship occur when the family system adjusts to re-establish equilibrium in response to exogenous influences that create tension. This framework situates the family as a mediating institution in relationship to s...
Four alleles of AtCESA3 form an allelic series with respect to root phenotype in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plant cell shape is determined by the orientation of cellulose microfibrils in the primary cell wall. Consequently, mutations that affect genes encoding the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of cellulose, namely, the cellulose synthase catalytic subunits, can alter cell shape substantially, particularly in the roots of affected plants. The multiple response expansion1 (mre1) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana results from a point mutation in the AtCESA3 gene, which encodes one of the three isoforms of the cellulose synthase catalytic subunit required for synthesis of cellulose in the primary cell wall. Phenotypic comparison of the mre1 mutant with three other alleles (ectopic lignification1-1, ectopic lignification1-2 and constitutive expression of vsp1) showed that these four alleles form an allelic series with respect to their root phenotypes, with mre1 being the weakest allele identified to date. These analyses demonstrated that sucrose affects a significant alteration of cell shape in the roots of these mutants and likely suppresses root cell division in them as well, and that the chemical aminoisobutyric acid can suppress these effects of sucrose. Interestingly, the cell walls in the roots of these four AtCESA3 alleles contain different percentages of cellulose, and these percentages correlate with the lengths of the roots and cortex cells in these roots when grown on media containing high levels of sucrose.
e-e- COLLISIONS IN A TeV LINEAR COLLIDER BUILT FOR e+e- OPERATION

In this paper, we discuss practical issues that must be addressed to reconfigure an e+e- linear collider for e-e-operation and argue that modest steps should be taken during the design stage to preserve this operation.
Elongation of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids by human skin fibroblasts

Human skin fibroblasts actively elongate a portion of incorporated C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids to their respective C22 derivatives. As much as 40% of incorporated [14C]eicosapentaenoate is elongated within 8 h and 85% by 48 h. Elongation of [14C]arachidonate is initially less than half that of [14C]eicosapentaenoate and plateaus at 20-30% of incorporated 14C-labeled fatty acid. The elongation of 5,8,11-[14C]eicosatrienoate is intermediate between that of 20:4(n-6) and 20:5(n-3). Docosatetraenoate is not an effective inhibitor of the elongation of arachidonate, thus suggesting that the observed plateau is not due to product inhibition. When concentrations of exogenous fatty acids are increased, these cells elongate substantial quantities of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids; elongation of eicosapentaenoate is consistently more extensive than that of arachidonate. Eicosapentaenoate is also an effective inhibitor of the elongation of [14C]arachidonate. Increases in exogenous arachidonate up to 10 microM result in an increase in elongation of [14C]arachidonate both in absolute quantities and as a percentage of that incorporated; the arachidonate thus acts as a positive modulator of its own elongation. Increased eicosapentaenoate also enhances the elongation of [14C]eicosapentaenoate, but only at lower concentrations (0.02-0.15 microM). The factors which regulate the elongation of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids in human skin fibroblasts serve to permit extensive elongation of eicosapentaenoate while retaining incorporated arachidonate primarily in its C20 form.