cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of parathyroid hormone measurements after surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism.

Background During parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT), intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) levels are used to confirm removal of all hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue. The phenomenon of elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels with normocalcemia after curative parathyroidectomy, seen in up to 40% of patients, continues to be an unexpected and unexplained finding. We therefore investigated whether postoperative PTH levels are as reliable as IOPTH levels in predicting cure after surgery for pHPT. Methods We reviewed our prospective database of consecutive patients undergoing surgery for pHPT between December 1999 and November 2004. Curative parathyroidectomy was defined as normocalcemia 6 months or longer postoperatively. Results A total of 328 patients who underwent 330 operations for pHPT had IOPTH measurements and serum follow-up calcium levels at 6 months or longer. Surgery was curative in 315 (95.5%) operations. IOPTH levels correctly predicted operative success in 98.2% (positive predictive value [PPV]. Postoperatively, the PPV of a normal PTH level at 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months was 97.1%, 97.3%, and 96.5%, respectively. Of all patients with an elevated postoperative PTH level at 1 week, 3 months, or 6 months, only 13.7%, 14.3%, and 14%, respectively, were not cured. Conclusions Normal postoperative PTH levels reliably predict operative success. However, they do not improve upon results predicted by IOPTH levels. Elevated postoperative PTH levels do not predict operative failure in most patients. We propose that PTH measurements after surgery for pHPT may be misleading, costly, and not indicated in normocalcemic patients.
In situ accessibility of murine macrophage gangliosides

Gangliosides are implicated in cell signal transduction. Prior to investigating this phenomenon in macrophages, the in situ accessibility of gangliosides to macromolecules was assessed for peritoneal macrophages isolated from normal C3H/HeN and endotoxin-hyporesponsive C3H/HeJ mice. C3H/HeJ resident and thioglycolate-elicited macrophage ganglioside patterns are the same as normal strains, and no strain differences in galactose oxidase accessibility for resident or thioglycolate-elicited macrophage gangliosides were found. The only gangliosides accessible to galactose oxidase in resident macrophages are GM1a structures. In thioglycolate-elicited macrophages, an additional ganglioside is accessible. For Escherichia coli-activated macrophages, where ganglioside distribution differs between strains, a difference in galactose oxidase-accessible gangliosides also exists. Escherichia coli-activated C3H/HeN patterns show three triplets absent in C3H/HeJ patterns. There were no differences in ganglioside accessibility to Vibrio cholerae sialidase between the thioglycolate-elicited C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeN macrophages. However, despite differences in sialidase-sensitive ganglioside content between E.coli-activated macrophages of these strains, sialidase accessibility for E.coli-activated macrophages was also similar. Sialidase-susceptible GM3 was cryptic in either strain under all conditions examined. The accessibility of murine macrophage gangliosides to galactose oxidase or sialidase was independent of their sialic acid species and chain length of the ceramide fatty acid. With the exception of GM3, major murine macrophage gangliosides are accessible in situ to macromolecules, especially to exogenous pathogenic bacterial sialidase which can alter macrophage cell surface characteristics. Altered macrophage ganglioside accessibility appears sometimes as a consequence, but not a cause, of C3H/HeJ endotoxin hyporesponsiveness.
Comparative Study of the Capacity and Rate Capability of LiNi y Mn y Co1–2y O2 (y = 0.5, 0.45, 0.4, 0.33)

An unresolved question for the layered oxides is: what is the optimum value of y in the formula LiNi{sub y}Mn{sub y}Co{sub 1-2y}O{sub 2} for energy storage at moderate reaction rates? Here we report a systematic study of the specific capacity, rate capability and cycle life of Li{sub x}Ni{sub y}Mn{sub y}Co{sub 1-2y}O{sub 2}(y = 0.5, 0.45, 0.4, and 0.333). The voltage of the Li/y = 0.333 couple crosses over those of lower cobalt content for x 0.333 when charging above 4 V. Overall the y = 0.4 material has the optimum properties, having the highest theoretical capacity, less of the expensive cobalt and yet rate capabilities and capacity retention comparable to the y = 0.333 material.
The macroeconomic impacts of AIDS in Kenya estimating optimal reduction targets for the HIV/AIDS incidence rate

Abstract This paper develops a stochastic model of growth to address the question of how to target, over time, reductions in the HIV/AIDS incidence rate in order to maximize inter-temporal social welfare within affected economies. The model is applied to the case of Kenya. Our results show that even under conservative estimates about potential benefits and pessimistic views about costs, Kenyan policy-makers should target sharp reductions in the short-run. These reductions approximate 20–50% of the current incidence rate. Our results also show that allowing the HIV/AIDS prevalence rate to grow without control would have serious macroeconomic impacts. Conservative estimates of GDP losses for the period 2000–2020 range between 20 and 30% (in present value). These losses occur not only as the labor force shrinks and labor productivity falls, but also because it becomes socially optimal to reduce the savings rate of the economy and slow-down the accumulation of capital.
N‐cadherin is not essential for limb mesenchymal chondrogenesis

The cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin is implicated in many morphogenetic processes, including mesenchyme condensation during limb development. To further understand N-cadherin function, we characterized a new N-cadherin allele containing the lacZ reporter gene under the regulation of the mouse N-cadherin promoter. The reporter gene recapitulates the expression pattern of the N-cadherin gene, including expression in heart, neural tube, and somites. In addition, strong expression was observed in areas of active cellular condensation, a prerequisite for chondrogenic differentiation, including the developing mandible, vertebrae, and limbs. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that limb buds can form in N-cadherin-null embryos expressing a cardiac-specific cadherin transgene, however, these partially rescued embryos do not survive long enough to observe limb development. To overcome the embryonic lethality, we used an organ culture system to examine limb development ex vivo. We demonstrate that N-cadherin-deficient limb buds were capable of mesenchymal condensation and chondrogenesis, resulting in skeletal structures. In contrast to previous studies in chicken using N-cadherin-perturbing antibodies, our organ culture studies with mouse tissue demonstrate that N-cadherin is not essential for limb mesenchymal chondrogenesis. We postulate that another cell adhesion molecule, possibly cadherin-11, is responsible for chondrogenesis in the N-cadherin-deficient limb.
Measurement of the Auroral-Induced Current in the TransAlaska Pipeline

The aurora and other geophysical phenomena are associated with disturbances in the magnetosphere. Measurement of the potential distribution along the surface of the earth and the current flowing in the earth, i.e., telluric current, have been studied for many years. The presence of a large conductor crossing the region of Alaska with the most active aurora has led to the development of a current monitoring system to measure the total current in the pipeline and measure if any current enters or leaves the pipe in a buried section under test. 3 references, 3 figures.
Controlling Xen Cloud platform via smart phones

This paper proposes the XCP Mobile Manager (iXMM): a new framework for remote management of Xen Cloud Platform (XCP) via mobile smart phones as an example of wearable computing. Mobile smart phones provide an opportunity to easily manage cloud virtualization, creating new forms of interactions. iXMM enhances both the portability and the usability of XCP management over the existing management tools. New forms of interactions, such as touch interfaces, are expected to emerge. For example, system administrators can control XCP remotely using smart phones with minimum Internet connection (i.e. 2G mobile internet connection). The implementation installs iXMM client as a native mobile application (currently iOS application) and allows access to iXMM through mobile web browsers. The evaluation shows that iXMM is very efficient in terms of the required computational resources including processing, memory, and Internet connection bandwidth; this makes it suitable for mobile computing environments. Even though full functionalities have not been implemented, iXMM provides an opportunity to complete similar tasks using smart phones, a trend which is expected to benefit aged population with minimal mobility.
Rebel Organisation and Local Politics: Evidence from Bouna (Northern Côte d'Ivoire, 2002–10)

Scholars have begun to show how variations in the organization of rebellion in war can impact outcomes related to the violence used against civilians, military effectiveness of armed groups and the post-conflict transitions. This article suggests that existing approaches in this literature overlook sub-group variations in relationships between national-level leaders of armed movements and local commanders. Exogenous factors that explain organizational variation and organizational effects are generally argued to be group wide. By focusing on the local level, I argue that many of the presumed downstream effects of variation in rebel organization can also contribute to the organizational choices leaders make for controlling local actors. This article demonstrates this argument through the case of Bouna in north-eastern Cote d'Ivoire, where a tax revolt against the local Forces Nouvelles (FN) administration, led by local Lobi youth, forced a restructuring in the relationship between Soro and the local FN comm...
Ossicular motion related to middle ear transmission delay in gerbil

The middle ear transmits sound efficiently from the air in the ear canal (EC) to the fluid filled cochlea. In gerbil, middle ear transmission produces a constant pressure gain between the EC and the cochlea of ∼25 dB from 2 to 40 kHz, and a delay-like phase corresponding to a ∼25-30 μs delay. The mechanisms by which the air-born signal is collected and delivered to the cochlea are not thoroughly understood, and the source of the delay is controversial. We investigated these issues by observing ossicular motion along a single line of sight, roughly parallel to the EC and perpendicular to the stapes footplate. Measurements were made at the umbo, the long process of the manubrium, across the malleus-incus joint, at the long process of the incus, and the stapes head. While the overall delay between EC pressure and stapes velocity was fairly constant with frequency, subcomponents of the delay were frequency dependent. Up to ∼17 kHz, most of the overall delay was between the EC and umbo with a much smaller contribution along the ossicles, whereas in the range from ∼17 to 30 kHz, more of the overall delay was along the ossicles.
Partitioned Latency Insertion Method With a Generalized Stability Criteria

This paper presents a modular approach to the high-frequency simulation of large networks. By utilizing the latency insertion method (LIM) and by studying the stability criteria of partitions of different latencies in the circuit, a robust method is formulated that is able to perform transient simulations significantly faster than the conventional LIM method. The LIM method is also extended to handle dependent sources, and a general stability criterion for selecting the time step, independent of the topology of the circuit, is proposed. The new method is verified with existing commercial tools for circuit simulations, and the improvement in run time is also depicted.
Na+ Block and Permeation in a K+ Channel of Known Structure

The effects of intracellular Na+ were studied on K+ and Rb+ currents through single KcsA channels. At low voltage, Na+ produces voltage-dependent block, which becomes relieved at high voltage by a “punchthrough” mechanism representing Na+ escaping from its blocking site through the selectivity filter. The Na+ blocking site is located in the wide, hydrated vestibule, and it displays unexpected selectivity for K+ and Rb+ against Na+. The voltage dependence of Na+ block reflects coordinated movements of the blocker with permeant ions in the selectivity filter.
Mupirocin resistance: clinical and molecular epidemiology

The antistaphylococcal activity of topical mupirocin has made it an attractive agent for the treatment of asymptomatic colonization with Staphylococcus aureus. Increasing use has been associated with the emergence of mupirocin resistance in staphyloccoci, and failure of therapy has been associated with the isolation of strains exhibiting high-level resistance (MIC > 500 micrograms/mL). Fortunately, low-level mupirocin resistance (MIC < 100 micrograms/mL) occurs most commonly. Because a novel gene encoding for mupirocin resistance resides in both low-level and high-level resistant strains, the emergence of low-level mupirocin resistance may not be as epidemiologically insignificant as previously thought.
A Middle Power on the World Stage: Canadian Grand Strategy in the Twentieth Century

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for coming. Before I say another word, I’d like to thank David Bercuson for this great honor to be here today and Nancy Pearson Mackey for all the hard work that she has done to help me get here. I’d like to begin with three quick caveats. The first, as I reminded David when he invited me to give this lecture, is that I am not an historian of Canada. David seemed to think that my lack of formal training in this field would not pose an insurmountable obstacle to my delivering such a distinguished lecture in Canadian history, and I am putting my faith and trust in him that this is in fact so. It is not my intention here today to tell Canadians anything about their own history that they do not know. It is instead to perform the task David has given me: to place the history of Canada at war in the 20th century into a wider context and to train an outsider’s eye onto the problems of Canada and its approach to war and strategy.
Observations on the effects of cytochalasin B and cytochalasin D on ADP- and chymotrypsin-treated platelets.

Cytochalasin B has been reported to inhibit fibrinogen binding and aggregation of rabbit platelets in response to ADP. The present study was designed to ascertain whether cytochalasins B and D inhibit aggregation by interfering with the exposure of fibrinogen receptors or more directly by inhibiting binding to available receptors. Aspirin-treated, washed, human platelets stimulated with ADP or chymotrypsin were used for these studies. Neither cytochalasin B nor D significantly inhibited the binding of fibrinogen to chymotrypsin-treated platelets when these agents were added to platelet suspensions before (16 +/- 8% (mean +/- SD) inhibition, N = 8), or after (15 +/- 10% inhibition, N = 13) chymotrypsin treatment, i.e., before or after fibrinogen receptor exposure. This apparent lack of cytoskeletal involvement was consistent with the observation that chymotrypsin-treated platelets were unable to retract reptilase-induced fibrin clots, an activity that was restored by adding ADP. In contrast, incubating platelets with either cytochalasin B or D for 30 min before or after stimulation with ADP decreased fibrinogen binding by 42 +/- 16% (N = 13) and 27 +/- 11% (N = 8), respectively, compared to DMSO-treated controls. Platelets stimulated with ADP and incubated with DMSO for 30 min, however, became refractory and aggregated poorly in response to a second dose of ADP. In comparison, platelets stimulated with ADP, but incubated with cytochalasin B or D, aggregated more extensively when stimulated by a second dose of ADP despite diminished fibrinogen binding. The data suggest (1) microfilament polymerization is important not only for the exposure of fibrinogen receptors by ADP, but also for preserving the ability of exposed receptors to bind fibrinogen, (2) exposure of fibrinogen receptors by chymotrypsin is not accompanied by significant cytoskeletal activation, and (3) cytochalasins may impart partial protective effects against the development of ADP-induced refractoriness.
Early detection and the course of glomerular injury in patients with sickle cell anemia

Early detection and the course of glomerular injury in patients with sickle cell anemia. We performed a cross sectional analysis of glomerular function in 34 adult patients with sickle cell anemia (SSA). Patients were divided according to GFR and albumin excretion rate (AER): SSA controls (normal GFR and AER, N = 10), albuminuria (increased AER, but normal GFR, N = 7) and chronic renal failure (CRF, low GFR, N = 17). GFR did not correlate with age (that is, duration of disease), but was inversely related to AER and IgG excretion rates ( r = −0.61 and −0.69, respectively, P r = 0.56, P P
Are basal metabolic rate prediction equations appropriate for female children and adolescents

Wong, William W., Nancy F. Butte, Albert C. Hergenroeder, Rebecca B. Hill, Janice E. Stuff, and E. O’Brian Smith. Are basal metabolic rate prediction equations appropriate for female children and a...
Novel Treatment Strategies for Malignant Gliomas Using Neural Stem Cells

Recent studies in stem cell biology have refined our understanding of the origin and progression of cancer. Identification and characterization of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs), especially those in the adult human brain, have inspired new ideas for selectively targeting and destroying malignant gliomas. Gliomas consist of a heterogeneous population of cells, and some of these cells have characteristics of cancer stem cells. These brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) share certain characteristics with normal NSCs. It is still unclear, however, whether malignant gliomas in human patients originate from these aberrant BTSCs. Nonetheless, the cellular and molecular similarities between BTSCs and normal NSCs suggest a common research landscape underlying both normal and cancer stem cell biology, wherein findings of one field are relevant to the other. Furthermore, the natural tropism of NSCs to gliomas has generated the idea that modified NSCs can deliver modified genes to selectively destroy malignant brain tumor cells, and even BTSCs, while leaving healthy surrounding neurons intact. These studies and others on the basic biology of both BTSCs and NSCs will be crucial to expanding our treatment strategies for malignant gliomas.
Attenuation of WAF1/Cip1 Expression by an Antisense Adenovirus Expression Vector Sensitizes Glioblastoma Cells to Apoptosis Induced by Chemotherapeutic Agents 1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea and Cisplatin

Previous studies have shown that the negative cell cycle regulator WAF1/Cip1 is often overexpressed in human gliomas and that WAF1/Cip1 overexpression renders glioma cells resistant to chemotherapy agents. In this study, we investigated whether down-regulation of WAF1/Cip1 would sensitize gliomas to chemotherapy. An adenoviral vector expressing antisense WAF1/Cip1 was constructed and used to infect D54 glioma cells, which express a high level of endogenous WAF1/Cip1. After D54 cells were infected with antisense WAF1/Cip1 adenovirus, Western blotting revealed a significant decrease in the WAF1/Cip1 protein level. Down-regulation of WAF1/Cip1 alone resulted in the cells rounding up and detaching from plates. Electron microscopy revealed some nuclear fragmentation in antisense WAF1/Cip1-infected cells, indicating the initiation of apoptosis. The antisense WAF1/Cip1-infected cells were then treated with the chemotherapeutic agents 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea and cisplatin. Other cells were infected with sense WAF1/Cip1 adenovirus or control virus and served as controls. Trypan blue exclusion assay revealed significant cell death in antisense WAF1/Cip1-infected cells. In situ end-labeling assay by flow cytometry revealed that many cells died of apoptosis. Our results show that the attenuation of WAF1/Cip1 expression initiated glioma cell death and sensitized glioma cells to apoptosis induced by 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea and cisplatin. Thus, blocking WAF1/Cip1 production may serve as a useful chemosensitization regimen for treating glioma.
Acoustic gait recognition on a staircase

Our work involves monitoring and learning methods for inhabitant identification in smart home environments. Inexpensive audio monitoring equipment is used to gather sets of samples of footstep patterns on an interior staircase. Samples are then automatically processed to identify some basic features of the resulting wave pattern. Labeled examples are then utilized in training a Neural Network for purposes of identification of different individuals. Our results show significant ability to pick out different occupants of a real-world home environment based on the patterns of their gaits; indeed the use of the staircase for testing provides a natural way of limiting data variability and successfully classifying multiple individuals.
Cardiovascular Adjustments to Isometric Contractions: Static Effort

The sections in this article are: 1 General Description of Cardiovascular Responses 1.1 Local Circulation 1.2 Cardiac and Systemic Vascular Responses 1.3 Baroreceptor Influence 2 Mechanisms of Control of Systemic Cardiovascular Responses 2.1 Efferent Pathway 2.2 Afferent Pathway 3 Summary: Central Command or Reflex?
Regulation of the Streptomyces coelicolor Calcium-Dependent Antibiotic by absA, Encoding a Cluster-Linked Two-Component System

The Streptomyces coelicolor absA two-component system was initially identified through analysis of mutations in the sensor kinase absA1 that caused inhibition of all four antibiotics synthesized by this strain. Previous genetic analysis had suggested that the phosphorylated form of AbsA2 acted as a negative regulator of antibiotic biosynthesis in S. coelicolor (T. B. Anderson, P. Brian, and W. C. Champness, Mol. Microbiol. 39:553-566, 2001). Genomic sequence data subsequently provided by the Sanger Centre (Cambridge, United Kingdom) revealed that absA was located within the gene cluster for production of one of the four antibiotics, calcium-dependent antibiotic (CDA). In this paper we have identified numerous transcriptional start sites within the CDA cluster and have shown that the original antibiotic-negative mutants used to identify absA exhibit a stronger negative regulation of promoters upstream of the proposed CDA biosynthetic genes than of promoters in the clusters responsible for production of actinorhodin and undecylprodigiosin. The same antibiotic-negative mutants also showed an increase in transcription from a promoter divergent to that of absA, upstream of a putative ABC transporter, in addition to an increase in transcription of absA itself. Interestingly, the negative regulation of the biosynthetic transcripts did not appear to be mediated by transcriptional regulation of cdaR (a gene encoding a homolog of the pathway-specific regulators of the act and red clusters) or by any other recognizable transcriptional regulator associated with the cluster. The role of absA in regulating the expression of the diverse antibiotic biosynthesis clusters in the genome is discussed in light of its location in the cda cluster.
Special feature: What's in a name? Bibliometric analysis of 40 years of the journal of broadcasting ( & electronic media)

This study analyzed citation data involving a “core”; set of 17 communication journals from 1977 through 1993, measures of the Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media's influence within the communication discipline, most‐frequently cited author and publication data collected from the Social Science Citation Index, a citation matrix hand‐culled from 27 communication journals in 1990, the semantic patterns of words in the titles of all the articles from the past 40 years, and the semantic relationships among the topic categories assigned to those articles. Special attention was paid to the periods of time preceding and following the Journal’s 1985 change in title and mission. These analyses reveal shifts in the patterns of citations, article title words, and topics. While the editorial board was correct in its assessment that the Journal of Broadcasting did not accurately reflect the research of the prior few years, the Journal continues to be a cohesive whole in thematic content, impact, and standing in...
Single-crystal elasticity of fayalite to 12 GPa

[1] Single-crystal elastic constants of a natural Fe-rich olivine (Fe0.94Mn0.06)2SiO4 were determined by Brillouin scattering to 12.1 GPa. The aggregate bulk modulus, shear modulus, and their pressure derivatives are KS0 = 136.3 (2) GPa, G0 = 51.2 (2) GPa, (∂KS/∂P)T0 = 4.9 (1), (∂G/∂P)0 = 1.8 (1), and (∂2G/∂P2)0 = −0.11 (1) GPa−1. The numbers in parentheses are 1σ uncertainties on the last digit. Our results demonstrate that both the bulk and the shear moduli of fayalite depend on the Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratio at both ambient and high pressures. The pressure derivative of the bulk modulus is very sensitive to the Fe content of olivine, while the pressure dependences of the shear modulus of Mg-rich and Fe-rich compositions are comparable. The longitudinal (C11, C22, C33) and the off-diagonal (C12, C13, C23) moduli of fayalite show a nearly linear dependence on pressure along the whole experimental pressure range. However, the shear constants C44 and C55 show a strongly nonlinear dependence on pressure starting at P > 5 GPa, more than 2 GPa above the extrapolated room temperature stability limit of fayalite. The behavior of the shear constants could be a precursor of the high-pressure amorphization of fayalite observed at 30 to 40 GPa. C44 is the modulus that shows the strongest tendency to soften with pressure, in disagreement with previous suggestions that C55 softening could trigger the structural transition of olivine to the high-pressure γ-Fe2SiO4. Softening of C44 and C55 is compatible with a diffusionless mechanism of the structural α- to γ-Fe2SiO4 transition.
Performance of MMSE Pulse in UWB Communications

In this paper, we propose an algorithm that can be applied to ultra-wideband (UWB) pulse design. The mean square error (MSE) between the desired pulse and the frequency mask is minimized in an iterative way. The desired pulse can be chosen depending on the UWB multiple access technique and modulation scheme. We show that the proposed algorithm quickly converges to the minimum mean square error (MMSE) in most practical cases.
Peripheral Neuropathies: Will Growth Factors Be Effective as Therapies?

Neurotrophic factors are proteins that promote the survival and differentiation of specific neuronal popula tions. With the successful cloning and large-scale production of many different neurotrophic factors, it has become practical to consider their application in the treatment of neurological disease. Several categories of neurotrophic factors hold particular promise for the treatment of peripheral neuropathy in the near future. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the potential utility of factors like nerve growth factor for the treatment of small-fiber peripheral neuropathy and, possibly, compressive sensory neuropathies. Brain-derived neu rotrophic factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and insulin-like growth factor-I are likely to be applied in the treatment of motor neuropathy. Neurotrophin-3 has particular promise for the treatment of large-fiber sensory neuropathy. Although, for the most part, neurotrophic factors do not appear to have major toxicity, they represent a new class of drugs and clin...
Seeking International Authorization for the Projection of Military Force

Why do states seek authorization from international organizations when they project military force? Why have they done so more often since the end of the Cold War than before? And why, in particular, has the United States, despite its predominance of power, been willing to do so? These questions reflect three puzzles for extant theories of international relations. This paper documents the empirical changes in the frequency and circumstances under which states seek authorization for the projection of military force from international organizations. Building on existing theory, the project develops a range of hypotheses with respect to when we should expect states to seek authorization and what effect changes in systemic circumstances, such as the end of the Cold War, should have on such authorization-seeking behavior. I then test these hypotheses and put forth explanations to these questions.
Differential localization of colonic H+-K+-ATPase isoforms in surface and crypt cells

Two distinct colonic H+-K+-adenosinetriphosphatase (H+-K+-ATPase) isoforms can be identified in part on the basis of their sensitivity to ouabain. The colonic H+-K+-ATPase α-subunit (HKcα) was recently cloned, and its message and protein are present in surface (and the upper 20% of crypt) cells in the rat distal colon. These studies were performed to establish the spatial distribution of the ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-insensitive components of both H+-K+-ATPase activity in apical membranes prepared from surface and crypt cells and K+-dependent intracellular pH (pHi) recovery from an acid load both in isolated perfused colonic crypts and in surface epithelial cells. Whereas H+-K+-ATPase activity in apical membranes from surface cells was 46% ouabain sensitive, its activity in crypt apical membranes was 96% ouabain sensitive. Similarly, K+-dependent pHi recovery in isolated crypts was completely ouabain sensitive, whereas in surface cells K+-dependent pHi recovery was insensitive to ouabain. These studie...
β‐globin‐expressing definitive erythroid progenitor cells generated from embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived sacs

Human embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells represent a potential alternative source for red blood cell transfusion. However, when using traditional methods with embryoid bodies, ES cell-derived erythroid cells predominantly express embryonic type ɛ-globin, with lesser fetal type γ-globin and very little adult type β-globin. Furthermore, no β-globin expression is detected in iPS cell-derived erythroid cells. ES cell-derived sacs (ES sacs) have been recently used to generate functional platelets. Due to its unique structure, we hypothesized that ES sacs serve as hemangioblast-like progenitors capable to generate definitive erythroid cells that express β-globin. With our ES sac-derived erythroid differentiation protocol, we obtained ∼120 erythroid cells per single ES cell. Both primitive (ɛ-globin expressing) and definitive (γ- and β-globin expressing) erythroid cells were generated from not only ES cells but also iPS cells. Primitive erythropoiesis is gradually switched to definitive erythropoiesis during prolonged ES sac maturation, concurrent with the emergence of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Primitive and definitive erythroid progenitor cells were selected on the basis of glycophorin A or CD34 expression from cells within the ES sacs before erythroid differentiation. This selection and differentiation strategy represents an important step toward the development of in vitro erythroid cell production systems from pluripotent stem cells. Further optimization to improve expansion should be required for clinical application. Stem Cells 2016;34:1541-1552.
Cross-market information transfers of ADR firms: An investigation of emerging market economies

Abstract Level II and III ADRs permit issuers to be listed on the major U.S. exchanges with the stipulation that they comply with extensive SEC disclosure requirements. Foreign private issuers are compelled to file a set of audited financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, or alternatively, IFRS or Home Country Accounting Principles with attendant reconciliation to U.S. GAAP prior to 2008. Although the Form 20-F reconciliation is discontinued in 2008 for IFRS filers, non-U.S. issuers are required to satisfy other Form 20-F stipulations such as expanded Item 17 and Item 18 disclosures. We conjecture that non-U.S. firms choosing to be listed on the major U.S. exchanges will incur the added costs associated with the supplemental disclosure requirements in order to attract sufficient investor attention as to have the disclosures impounded in the home country equity share price in the manner described by Fishman et al. (1989) . Because a prominent attribute of ADR firms is that they benefit from multiple-market trading, we investigate whether the Form 20-F disclosure cross-market information transfers are associated with emerging market economy status. We employ models of the cross-market ADR and equity security share returns and trading volume controlling for the emerging economy status and incremental firm-specific SEC Form 20-F accounting principles disclosures. Preliminary results indicate that (1) U.S. listed ADR firms from emerging economies experience greater cross-market information transfers associated with the SEC Form 20-F filing, and (2) that the increased cross-market information transfers associated with the SEC Form 20-F filing are proportional to the difference in quality of accounting principles employed for home country reporting purposes vis-a-vis the accounting principles employed for SEC Form 20-F reporting purposes. Results are consistent with a feedback process through which the new information disclosed by the SEC Form 20-F reporting requirements in the ADR market attenuates the price discovery process in the home country equity market when the difference in information environment quality is large.
The Dual Rounding Model: Forging Therapeutic Alliances in Oncology and Palliative Care.

Inpatients with solid tumors at Duke University Hospital in Durham, NC, are cared for in a dynamic integrated care model that incorporates medical oncology and palliative care. This has profound implications for patients, their loved ones, medical and surgical staff, and oncology nurses. As a nurse with less than three years of experience, my participation in a setting that uses the Dual Rounding Model has accelerated my professional and personal development. During a typical shift, I am an oncology nurse, a palliative care nurse, and a hospice nurse. .
Markup in Department Store Management

The author holds that markup percentage can make substantial contributions to the department store as a negotiation tool, as a control and planning device, and as a decision tool.
Facile Synthesis of Ag-Coated Cu2O Nanospheres for Improved Photocatalytic Activity

The present study details facile synthesis of hollow Cu2O nanospheres decorated with Ag nanoparticles using a simple surfactant technique for enhanced photocatalytic activity. The morphology and structure is studied via XRD and SEM. Cu2O hollow nanospheres with a diameter of 500-800 nm were synthesized via Ostwald ripening using CuSO4 aqueous solution. The catalytic activity of Cu2O is studied in the presence of UV and visible light using Methyl Orange (MO) as a model pollutant. Ag decorated Cu2O particles showed a 49% increase in photocatalytic activity over the undecorated Cu2O. The improved photocatalytic activity is achieved by surface plasmon resonance effects in the silver nanoparticles, allowing utilization of the lower energy portion of the solar spectrum.
Sonographic Appearance of Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformations

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation, also known as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, is the most common congenital lung malformation of the lower respiratory tract. Congenital pulmonary airway malformation lesions fall into five classifications based on respiratory tract origin and cystic characteristics. Sonographic appearance varies from echolucent cysts to an echogenic, solid-appearing mass within the lungs. Fetal mediastinal shift, pulmonary hypoplasia, and hydrops can occur, depending on the size of the lesion. A case is presented with sonography to characterize the lesion.
Ovarian cancer laparoscopic hysterectomy and staging in a patient with history of intraperitoneal renal transplant.

Abstract Objective Ovarian cancer laparoscopic staging of patient with intraperitoneal renal transplant. Methods 43-year-old female with intra-peritoneal renal transplant was referred status post laparoscopic bilateral ovarian cystectomies. The pathology report revealed serous adenocarcinoma with clear cell and papillary features of ovaries and endometrium. She was asymptomatic with benign examination. PET/CT of chest/abdomen/pelvis showed area of metabolic activity in left ovary and right common iliac pelvic lymph nodes. Results During laparoscopic staging [1], the intraperitoneal kidney transplant was firmly adhered to the uterus, right pelvic sidewall and adnexa. Right pelvic lymph node debulking was performed but not paraaortic lymph node dissection because of increased morbidity of this case. The final pathology showed ovarian serous adenocarcinoma with clear cell features, without involvement of endometrium, negative lymph nodes and peritoneal washings. We believe that the intrauterine pathological finding during the first surgery was "drop lesion" from the ovary to the uterine cavity. Thus, the final stage assigned was IC1, secondary to ovarian cyst rupture at the initial surgery. She received six cycles of intravenous Carboplatin and Taxol. There is no evidence of recurrence in nine-month follow up. Conclusion The incidence of malignancies is increasing in cases of renal transplant secondary to the age of patients and the immunosuppressive therapy [2,3]. Laparoscopic surgical treatment for gynecologic malignancies can be challenging due to location of transplanted kidney in the pelvis [4]. We present a rare case of laparoscopic ovarian cancer staging with intraperitoneal renal transplant, which can be safely performed in hands of a skilled laparoscopic surgeon.
Gender and Workplace Relationships

In 2009 Winstead and Morganson published a chapter on “Gender and Relationships at Work” tor Wright and Morrison’s Friends and Enemies in Organizations: A Work Psychology Perspective. That chapter explored the complexities of studying gender and relationships at work and reviewed the research literature on the role of gender in workplace friendships, social networks, mentor relationships, cross-sex relationships, and negative relationships at work. This chapter updates what we know about these topics and expands the scope of discussion to other aspects of gender and relationships at work, including gender’s role in workplace romances, leader/member relationships, virtual relationships, and relationships in family businesses. Gender is an undeniably critical factor in many aspects of the psychology of work, including the types of jobs and careers that individuals seek and receive, their promotions and career paths, and the ways in which individuals are perceived and evaluated as employees and employers. In day-to-day interactions we cannot escape the fact that we not only behave and respond in ways that are to some degree a function of our gender, but we are also perceived and responded to in ways determined in part by our gender. Psychology has a long tradition of studying sex differences and gender; and researchers have drawn numerous and sometimes contradictory conclusions about the importance of these gender differences and certainly about the sources of these differences.
Effect of large gas-oil capillary pressure on production: A compositionally-extended black oil formulation

Abstract Pore sizes are typically on the order of nanometers for many shale and tight rock oil reservoirs. Such small pores can affect the phase behavior of in situ oil and gas owing to large capillary pressure. Current black-oil simulation practice is to alter the unconfined black-oil data for a fixed mean pore size to generate confined black-oil data with a suppressed bubble-point pressure. This approach ignores compositional effects on interfacial tension and the impact of pore-size distribution (PSD) with variable phase saturations on capillary pressure and phase behavior. In this paper, we develop a compositionally-extended black-oil model where we solve the compositional equations (gas, oil, and water components) directly so that black-oil data are a function of gas content in the oleic phase and gas-oil capillary pressure. The principle unknowns in the variable bubble-point fully-implicit formulation are oil pressure, overall gas composition, and water saturation. Flash calculations in the model are non-iterative and are based on K-values calculated explicitly from the black-oil data. The advantage of solving the black-oil model using the compositional equations is to increase robustness of the simulations owing to a variable bubble-point pressure that is a function of two parameters; gas content and capillary pressure. Leverett J-functions measured for the Bakken reservoir are used to establish the effective pore size-Pc-saturation relationship, where the effective pore size depends on gas saturation, which is the non-wetting phase saturation. The input fluid data to the simulator, e.g. interfacial tension (IFT), phase densities and viscosities, are pre-calculated as functions of pressure from the Peng-Robinson equation of state (PREOS) for three fixed pore sizes. During the simulation, at any pressure and saturation, fluid properties are calculated at the effective pore radius by using linear interpolation between these three data sets. We compare the results of the compositionally-extended black oil model with those of a fully-implicit eight-component compositional model that we have also developed. The results for the Bakken reservoir show that including PSD in the model can increase estimated recoveries by nearly 10% for initially undersaturated reservoirs while the increase can be over 100% for initially saturated reservoirs. Capillary pressure significantly increases the original oil-in-place (OOIP) for reservoirs that would otherwise be initially saturated leading to larger oil production.
Low Temperature Determination of P-V-T Properties of Gases and Liquids

The accurate measurement of low-temperature volumetric properties of fluids is becoming increasingly important in the field of cryogenics. These properties are necessary for the prediction of the physical behavior of cryogenic systems and are utilized also in the calculation of thermodynamic properties.
Mean-field-analysis of coding versus replication in cloud storage systems

We study cloud-storage systems with a very large number of files stored in a very large number of servers. In such systems, files are either replicated or coded to ensure reliability, i.e., file recovery from server failures. This redundancy in storage can further be exploited to improve system performance (mean file access delay) through appropriate load-balancing (routing) schemes. However, it is unclear whether coding or replication is better from a system performance perspective since the corresponding queueing analysis of such systems is, in general, quite difficult except for the trivial case when the system load asymptotically tends to zero. Here, we study the more difficult case where the system load is not asymptotically zero. Using the fact that the system size is large, we obtain a mean-field limit for the steady-state distribution of the number of file access requests waiting at each server. We then use the mean-field limit to show that, for a given storage capacity per file, coding strictly outperforms replication at all traffic loads while improving reliability. Further, the factor by which the performance improves in the heavy-traffic is at least as large as in the light-traffic case. Finally, we validate these results through extensive simulations.
Relationship authenticity partially mediates the effects of attachment on relationship satisfaction

Individuals with anxious and avoidant attachment tend to experience less satisfaction in their relationships. Past research suggests the negative effects of attachment on relationship satisfaction may be partially mediated by self-disclosure and self-concealment; the present study evaluated relationship authenticity as a potential additional mediator. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that relationship authenticity is distinct from self-disclosure and self-concealment. Relationship authenticity predicted additional variance in relationship satisfaction controlling for attachment, self-disclosure, and self-concealment. The results were consistent with relationship authenticity, along with self-disclosure and self-concealment, partially mediating the effects of attachment on relationship satisfaction. These findings suggest that relationship authenticity may play a unique role in understanding how attachment influences relationship satisfaction. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
Artifacts of workers' knowledge: Finding worker skill in the closing and restructuring of a furniture manufacturer:

The closing of and restart of a furniture factory provided a unique opportunity to interrogate worker skills. As part of the bankruptcy sale, workers and managers ‘discovered’ a large number of wor...
THE DEVELOPMENT OF “THE BIG EIGHT” ACCOUNTING FIRMS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1900 TO 1990

This paper examines the growth and changing role of the accounting profession in the United States from 1900 to 1990 with special emphasis on “Big Eight” accounting firms. Major political, economic, and social events of the period and their influence on the accounting profession are analyzed. Each decade is examined in turn, and the historical consequences of the decade on “Big Eight” accounting firms in total and individually are presented.
Gle1 Regulates RNA Binding of the DEAD-Box Helicase Ded1 in Its Complex Role in Translation Initiation.

ABSTRACT DEAD-box proteins (DBPs) are required in gene expression to facilitate changes to ribonucleoprotein complexes, but the cellular mechanisms and regulation of DBPs are not fully defined. Gle1 is a multifunctional regulator of DBPs with roles in mRNA export and translation. In translation, Gle1 modulates Ded1, a DBP required for initiation. However, DED1 overexpression causes defects, suggesting that Ded1 can promote or repress translation in different contexts. Here we show that GLE1 expression suppresses the repressive effects of DED1 in vivo and Gle1 counteracts Ded1 in translation assays in vitro. Furthermore, both Ded1 and Gle1 affect the assembly of preinitiation complexes. Through mutation analysis and binding assays, we show that Gle1 inhibits Ded1 by reducing its affinity for RNA. Our results are consistent with a model wherein active Ded1 promotes translation but inactive or excess Ded1 leads to translation repression. Gle1 can inhibit either role of Ded1, positioning it as a gatekeeper to optimize Ded1 activity to the appropriate level for translation. This study suggests a paradigm for finely controlling the activity of DEAD-box proteins to optimize their function in RNA-based processes. It also positions the versatile regulator Gle1 as a potential node for the coordination of different steps of gene expression.