cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of the NMDA receptor in rat cortex following chronic electroconvulsive shock or imipramine

Chronic (14 days) administration of either imipramine or electroconvulsive shock effected significant changes in the ligand binding properties of the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor complex in rat cortex. These changes were manifested as: (1) a reduction in the potency of glycine to inhibit the binding of 5,7-dichloro[3H]kynurenic acid to strychnine-insensitive glycine receptors; and (2) a reduction in the proportion of high affinity, glycine-displaceable [3H]CGP-39653 binding to NMDA receptors. Chronic electroconvulsive shock, but not imipramine treatment also reduced the density of [3H]CGP-39653 binding sites in cortical membranes. These findings demonstrate that the ability of chronic antidepressant treatments to induce adaptive changes in the glycine and glutamate regulatory sites of the NMDA receptor is not species specific, since it obtains in rats as well as mice.
Preserving Indiana's Agricultural History

Never, perhaps, was there greater demand for agricultural reading matter than at this time. This is a good omen. If those who are hungering and thirsting for knowledge on Rural Economy can be furni...
Correlation of the yield of poliovirus with the size of isolated tissue cultured cells

Abstract The determination of the yield of poliovirus from isolated cells of varying sizes showed that the size of a cell is related to the factors which determine whether or not a cell will release virus and to the factors which determine the amount of virus released per cell. The percentage of cells releasing virus was lower for the small cells than for the large cells, and total yield per cell was less for the small cells than for the large cells.
Benefits of variable rotor speed in integrated helicopter/engine control

Current helicopter flight and propulsion controls are typically designed with the assumption that rotor speed will be held to a constant setpoint. A new flight and propulsion control system using a continuously variable rotor speed command is proposed to improve the maneuverability and agility of helicopter systems. In this new approach, the flight control system generates an optimal variable rotor speed command in addition to conventional control commands in a framework of integrated flight/propulsion control. The benefits (i.e. improved maneuverability and agility) of varying rotor speed during transient maneuvers are demonstrated using a bob-up maneuver as an example. In particular, two types of benefits are identified in different maneuver conditions. One comes from a thrust augmentation, while the other comes from an exchange of rotational and translational energy. In the example, a simple linear dynamic hover model is used with an optimal control design method to generate the optimal rotor speed command.
An Early Evaluation of the Scalability of Graph Algorithms on the Intel MIC Architecture

Graph algorithms are notorious for not getting good speedup on parallel architectures. These algorithms tend to suffer from irregular dependencies and a high synchronization cost that prevent an efficient execution on distributed memory machines. Hence such algorithms are mostly parallelized on shared memory machines. However, current commodity shared memory machines do not typically offer enough parallelism to process these problems. In this paper, we are presenting an early investigation of the scalability of such algorithms on Intel's upcoming Many Integrated Core (Intel MIC) architecture which, when it will be released in 2012, is expected to provide more than 50 physical cores with SMT capability. The Intel MIC architecture can be programmed through many programming models, here we investigate the three most popular of these models namely OpenMP, Cilk Plus and Intel's TBB. We present scalability results of a parallel graph coloring algorithm, three variations of a breadth-first search algorithm and a micro benchmark for irregular computations using these three programming models. Our results on a prototype board show that the multi-threaded architecture of Intel MIC can be effectively used for hiding latencies in irregular applications to achieve almost perfect speedup.
LU decomposition optimized for a parallel computer with a hierarchical distributed memory

Abstract The implementation of an efficient hybrid parallel block LU decomposition procedure for dense systems on a BBN TC2000 parallel computer is discussed. The TC2000 is of the MIMD architecture with distributed memory. The key characteristic of this architecture is a hierarchical memory structure (register, cache, local, shared). This study shows that efficient memory use, both in terms of shared memory and cache utilization, is the key to optimal performance when dealing with memory hierarchies such as in the TC2000. Although for a system of equations of fixed size, the Mflops per processor rate decreases as the number of processors increases, almost constant performance has been obtained when the number of equations is increased simultaneously to the number of processors used.
Methodology for detecting trace amounts of microchimeric DNA from peripheral murine white blood cells by real-time PCR

Real-time PCR methodology can successfully quantitate microchimeric cell populations at a concentration of 100 microchimeric cells/100,000 host cells; however, it has not been successful in quantitating DNA from trace numbers of microchimeric white blood cells which we reported are present in murine peripheral blood at a concentration as low as 2/100,000 host cells. We report methodology using primers for a portion of the H2-kb murine histocompatibility sequence, specific for the C57BL/6J mouse. When these primers were used in the presence of 11,000 µM primer, a 20-fold increase in the median manufacturer’s recommended concentration, the assay could be optimized to detect 34 pg of C57BL/6J DNA in a background of 2.5 µg of carrier BALB/cJ DNA (1/100,000). These conditions resulted in a detection limit half as sensitive as that found when no carrier DNA was present.
Normalization and binning of historical and multi‐source microsatellite data: overcoming the problems of allele size shift with allelogram

Microsatellite allele data have long been plagued by size shifts that can at best make it difficult to accurately assign genotypes to allele products, and at worse can cause whole batches of data from different instruments, dates or laboratories to be incorrectly assigned. Although modern genotyping technology (capillary electrophoresis) has overcome many of these problems, concern remains regarding the consistency of scores within a laboratory over time and between laboratories when combining data from multiple sources into a single analysis. There remain a large number of laboratories using older technologies or combining data from multiple sources. In addition, thousands of data sets that could potentially be expanded as samples become available are generally regarded as unusable because of the effort that would be required to validate congruence of genotypes from old and new data sets. We present methods to normalize and bin alleles from multiple data sources using a relatively small set of controls and the freely available program allelogram.
Chemoprevention by inducers of carcinogen detoxication enzymes.

One of the major mechanisms of chemical protection against carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, and other forms of toxicity mediated by electrophiles is the induction of enzymes involved in their metabolism, particularly phase 2 enzymes such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases, and NAD(P)H:quinone reductase. Furthermore, induction of phase 2 enzymes appears to be a sufficient condition for obtaining chemoprevention and can be achieved in many target tissues by administering any of a diverse array of naturally occurring and synthetic chemical agents. One class of chemopreventive agents, 1,2-dithiole-3-thiones, was developed on the basis of their potent activity in rodent tissues as inducers of GSTs. A substituted dithiolethione, oltipraz [4-methyl-5-(2-pyrazinyl)-1,2-dithiole-3-thione], is an effective inhibitor of aflatoxin B1-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat. Oltipraz produces dramatic decreases in the levels of aflatoxin-DNA adducts in the liver as well as in the urinary levels of the depurination product aflatoxin-N7-guanine. Corresponding increases are seen in the biliary elimination of aflatoxin-glutathione conjugates. Administration of oltipraz results in 3- to 4-fold increases in hepatic cytosolic GST activities and mRNA levels for some alpha, mu and pi isoforms. Nuclear run-on assays have indicated that oltipraz treatment elevates rates of transcription of some GST subunits. In the rat, induction of phase 2 enzymes by oltipraz is mediated, at least in part, through the antioxidant response element in the 5' flanking region of these genes. Although oltipraz has a very short plasma half-life, elevations in the levels of some GST isoforms can persist up to 1 week after dosing with oltipraz. Concordantly, intermittent dosing schedules (i.e., once a week) are nearly as effective as daily interventions for inhibition of aflatoxin-mediated hepatic tumorigenesis. The protective efficacy of daily and weekly administration of oltipraz to people in Qidong, People's Republic of China, who are at high risk for aflatoxin exposure and subsequent development of hepetocellular carcinoma, is currently under evaluation.
Phorbol Dibutyrate and Ionomycin Improve Murine Effector Cell Cytotoxicity

Simultaneous protein kinase C stimulation with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBU) and calcium mobilization with ionomycin (Io) trigger cellular events leading to expression of proliferation-associated genes in human lymphocytes. The effect of a 16-hr exposure to PDBU and Io on the growth and cytotoxic activity of murine splenocytes and tumor-infiltrating lympho- cytes (TIL) cocultured with interleukin-2 (IL-2) was studied. PDBU + Io increased the number of cytotoxic effector cells that could be generated in lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK) cultures (40-fold) and to a lesser extent in TIL (10-fold). DNA synthesis of TIL increased significantly when exposed to PDBU + Io. Also, TIL stimulated with PDBU + Io demonstrated in vitro tumor-specific lytic activity significantly greater than that of control TIL (500 lytic units vs 50). The cell-surface phenotype of TIL treated with PDBU + Io was identical to that of control TIL (>95% CD-3+, CD-4-, CD-8+). Results of adoptive immunotherapy using splenocytes stimulated by PDBU + Io and cultured in IL-2 were identical to those achieved when standard LAK cultures were used. However, treatment using TIL stimulated by PDBU + Io led to a significant reduction in the number of pulmonary nodules compared to standard TIL. In addition, PDBU + Io-stimulated TIL maintained significant in vivo activity without the need for systemic IL-2 administration. Pharmacologic manipulation of cytotoxic precursor cells is a useful strategy for improving the generation of murine cytotoxic effector cells. By using PDBU + Io, cytotoxic lymphocytes could be generated with improved in vitro and in vivo activity.
Anthropology and Environmental Policy: What Counts?

ABSTRACT In this article, we call for enhanced quantitative and environmental analysis in the work of environmental anthropologists who wish to influence policy. Using a database of 77 leading monographs published between 1967 and 2006, 147 articles by the same authors, and a separate sample of 137 articles from the journal Human Organization, we document a sharp decline over the last ten years in the collection and use of quantitative and environmental data within environmental anthropology. These declines come at the same time that environmental anthropologists are aiming at greater policy relevance. We use the case of the Polonoroeste Project in the Brazilian Amazon and its impact on World Bank policy as a concrete example of the advantages of fortifying the quantitative and environmental side of our work. We conclude by discussing ways to strengthen environmental anthropology to further enhance its policy relevance and impact.
Federated Access Management for Collaborative Network Environments: Framework and Case Study

With the advent of various collaborative sharing mechanisms such as Grids, P2P and Clouds, organizations including private and public sectors have recognized the benefits of being involved in inter-organizational, multi-disciplinary, and collaborative projects that may require diverse resources to be shared among participants. In particular, an environment that often makes use of a group of high-performance network facilities would involve large-scale collaborative projects and tremendously seek a robust and flexible access control for allowing collaborators to leverage and consume resources, e.g., computing power and bandwidth. In this paper, we propose a federated access management scheme that leverages the notion of attributes. Our approach allows resource-sharing organizations to provide distributed provisioning (publication, location, communication, and evaluation) of both attributes and policies for federated access management purposes. Also, we provide a proof-of-concept implementation that leverages distributed hash tables (DHT) to traverse chains of attributes and effectively handle the federated access management requirements devised for inter-organizational resource sharing and collaborations.
Revision of anemia subgenus anemiorrhiza schizaeaceae

This distinctive subgenus, limited to calcareous rocks of the Caribbean basin, is discussed in terms of its taxonomy and relationships. Two new species,A. alternifolia andA. pumilio are described, and two new combinations,A. mexicana var.makrinii andA. coriacea f. nipeensis are made. Drawings of all taxa are provided.
Nerve-sparing surgery significantly affects long-term continence after radical prostatectomy.

Objectives In this long-term prospective study we evaluated the factors affecting urinary continence after radical prostatectomy. Methods In this study, we recruited 156 patients (mean age, 64.1 ± 6.7 years; follow-up, 7.8 ± 1.3 years; prostate-specific antigen [PSA] level, 9.57 ± 8.81 ng/mL) who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1995 and 1998. Long-term data were obtained on 152 patients, with 4 patients lost to follow-up. Incontinence was evaluated by the number of pads per day. Follow-up data were collected at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months and annually. The multivariate analysis included the following variables: preoperative PSA levels, nerve-sparing (NS) status (bilateral NS, unilateral NS, and non-NS), and age at the time of operation (≤65 or >65 years). Results With a mean follow-up of 7.8 ± 1.3 years, the overall incontinence rate was 17.7% (27 of 152). The incontinence rates were significantly higher in the non-NS group (18 of 61) compared with the bilateral NS group (6 of 66; P P >0.05 ) . When stratified by the NS status, the bilateral NS group had a significant improvement in overall continence. The association between age and incontinence was significant: P P = 0.0534). Conclusions Nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy improves the time interval to regain continence and long-term continence rates.
Prolongation of the tibialis anterior CMAP duration in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.

Abstract Objective To assess the duration of the distal compound muscle action potential (dCMAP) recording from the tibialis anterior (TA) as a supportive electrodiagnostic feature in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Methods We performed peroneal motor conduction studies with recording from the TA in 35 CIDP patients, 30 normal controls, and 21 disease controls. The normal cut-off for the TA dCMAP duration was determined to be 14 ms. Results Prolonged TA dCMAP durations were detected in 34% of CIDP patients (12/35) and in 33% (2/6) of patients in whom only one demyelinating lesion was identified by conventional motor conduction studies. Prolonged TA dCMAP durations were present in 28% (5/18) of patients with normal duration dCMAPs recorded from the abductor hallucis (AH) and in 42% (5/12) of patients with normal duration dCMAPs recorded from the extensor digitorum brevis (EDB). In patients with AH or EDB dCMAP amplitudes Conclusions Determination of TA dCMAP duration appears to be useful for detecting demyelination in CIDP, especially when there is significant coexisting axon loss. Significance In patients with potential CIDP and limited electrodiagnostic abnormalities by routine studies, the finding of additional demyelinating findings, such as increased TA dCMAP duration, could allow for improved diagnostic sensitivity.
Intervention: From Theories to Cases

This leadoff piece examines the ethics of intervention in light of recent policy and academic debates on the subject. It proceeds from an examination of the reasons for intervention today to an assessment of the moral and legal traditions governing intervention and also provides a review of selected cases of intervention recently confronting U.S. foreign policy.
Development of specificity and stereoselectivity of rat brain dopamine receptors.

Abstract Prenatal exposure to the neuroleptic haloperidol has been reported to produce an enduring decrement in the number of dopamine D 2 receptors in rat striatum and a persistent diminution of a dopamine dependent behavior, stereotypy. 17 The ontogeny of rat brain dopamine binding sites has been studied in terms of the kinetic properties and phenotypic specificity in rat fetal brain through early postnatal development. Sites showing some properties of the D 2 binding site can be found prior to gestational day (GD) 18, can be labeled with [ 3 H]dopamine or [ 3 H]spiroperidol and can he displaced with dopaminergic agonists and antagonists. 5 Saturation kinetics for specific [ 3 H]spiroperidol has previously been found to occur on or about GD 18. 1.5 It is of interest that the critical period for the prenatal effect of haloperidol to reduce striatal D 2 binding sites. CD's 15–18. 18 coincides with the period during which dopamine binding sites lack true specificity, but can be labeled with dopaminergic ligands. In these experiments the development of stereoselectivity of brain dopamine binding sites has been examined. When rat mothers were given either the neuroleptic (+)-butaclamol or its therapeutically inactive isomer (−)-butaclamol during the critical period CD's 15–18. the number of [ 3 H]spiroperidol binding sites in striata of offspring was significantly reduced by both stereoisomers. This is in marked contrast to the postnatal treatment effect by a neuroleptic in which upregulation of striatal D 2 binding sites occurs only by treatment with the therapeutically active isomer (+)-butaclamol. In vitro studies of the direct effect of the stereoisomers of butaclamol indicate that the recognition sites detected during fetal brain development with [ 3 H]spiroperidol do not distinguish between the isomers of butaclamol. The point at which stereoselectivity is apparent also appears to be the point at which the prenatal neuroleptic effect is no longer operative and the mature response to increase the number of dopamine binding sites occurs.
Anomalous Hall effect in ferromagnetic semiconductors with hopping transport

We use high-field magnetotransport to examine the relation between the Hall effects and the longitudinal resistance, ${R}_{xx}$, in digitally doped (Ga,Mn)As structures with hopping transport. The ordinary and anomalous Hall resistances, ${R}_{\mathrm{OH}}$ and ${R}_{\mathrm{AH}}$, display sublinear dependences on ${R}_{xx}$, a behavior inconsistent with theories used to interpret data from metallic semiconductor ferromagnets. None of the resistances are simply activated. While ${R}_{\mathrm{OH}}$ is consistently holelike, ${R}_{\mathrm{AH}}$ can have either sign. These results agree qualitatively with aspects of a recently developed model for the Hall effects in the hopping regime.
Dietary supplements in the setting of mohs surgery.

BACKGROUNDThe use of dietary supplements has become increasingly popular. While many are safe in small doses, others may have potentially harmful effects, particularly in surgical patients.OBJECTIVETo study the incidence of dietary supplement use in patients presenting for Mohs surgery.METHODSOne hu
Channeling, exponential tails, and analytical modeling of Si implants into GaAs

The depth distribution N(x) of Si/sup 29/ ion beam implanted into GaAs for a wide range of implant doses, energies, and SiN randomizing-layer thicknesses is discussed. It is found that the variation of implant angle with position on the wafer (typically encountered in scanned-ion-beam implantation systems) results in significant channeling-induced nonuniformity of the doping profiles, even in some cases where a randomizing layer was used. Because of the existence of exponential tails in virtually all implants, an extension of the standard LSS theoretical profile is necessary for accurate characterization of the implants and prediction of the device parameters. The measured profiles were fitted to two different modified-Gaussian analytical forms: the Pearson four-parameter form, which offers excellent flexibility in fitting arbitrary distributions but is relatively devoid of physical content, and a new three-parameter form that is an extension of a Gaussian to profiles hyperbolic in log N. In almost all cases, the hyperbolic-Gaussian form fits the data as well as the Pearson form, and the hyperbolic-Gaussian form is simpler. Parameters characterizing the implants for both types of fit are presented. >
Comparison of Surface States of Quartz, Cristobalite, and Silicic Acid

The surface states of silica in the forms quartz, cristobalite, and silicic acid were studied by investigating the kinetics of para-ortho hydrogen conversion and of hydrogen-deuterium equilibration from 93° to 773°K. The products of conversion were analyzed by microthermal conductivity, and those of equilibration by mass spectrometry. The results are discussed in terms of the reaction mechanisms. The active sites for low-temperature conversion are thought to be stable free radicals produced by the thermal removal of hydroxyl groups from the surfaces. Reactivity at high temperatures depends on thermal activation procedure and time. The order of reactivity for equilibration at all temperatures is: quartz > cristobalite > silicic acid. For conversion at low temperatures the order is: quartz > cristobalite > silicic acid; at high temperatures, cristobalite > quartz > silicic acid.
Biochemical and immunological studies of three genetic variants of 3-phosphoglycerate kinase 2 from the mouse.

Three electrophoretic variants of 3-phosphoglycerate kinase 2 (PGK-2A, PGK-2B, and PGK-2C) were purified from DBA/2J, C3H/HeJ, and C57L/J mice, respectively. PGK-2C exhibits only 2% of the specific activity of PGK-2A and PGK-2B in the reaction leading to the formation of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate. Compared to PGK-2A and PGK-2B, PGK-2C exhibits broader coenzyme specificity and lower Kms for substrate and coenzymes. Incubation at 45C revealed that PGK-2B is more heat stable than either PGK-2A or PGK-2C. Enzyme immunoinactivation and double immunodiffusion studies showed that mice carrying any one of these three PGK-2 alleles have similar amounts of proteins for PGK-1 and PGK-2 in testes. The results of these studies suggest that low PGK-2C activity in C57L/J mice is a result of a structural rather than a regulatory gene mutation.
Catalytic hydrotreatment of crude algal bio-oil in supercritical water

Abstract We report herein on the catalytic hydrotreatment of crude bio-oil, produced from the hydrothermal liquefaction of a microalga ( Nannochloropsis sp.) over palladium on carbon (5% Pd/C) in supercritical water (SCW) at 400 °C and 3.4 MPa high-pressure H 2 . Influences of wide ranges of reaction time (varied from 1 to 8 h) and catalyst loading (varied from 5 to 80 wt%) on treated oil composition and yield, gas products composition and yield, and hydrogen consumption were explored. The C, H and energy recoveries were determined. The results demonstrated that longer reaction times and higher catalyst loadings did not favor the treated oil yield due to the increasing amount of gas and coke products formation but did lead to treated bio-oil with higher higher-heating-value (HHV) (41–44 MJ/kg) than that of the crude feed. Highest HHV of treated oil (∼44 MJ/kg) was obtained after 4 h using an 80 wt% intake of catalyst on crude bio-oil. The product oil produced at longer reaction times and higher catalyst loadings, which was a freely flowing liquid as opposed to being the viscous, sticky, tar-like crude bio-oil material, was higher in H and lower in O and N than the crude feed, and it was essentially free of sulfur (below detection limits). Typical H/C and O/C molar ratios ranges for the bio-oils treated at different reaction times and catalyst loadings were 1.65–1.79 and 0.028–0.067, respectively. The main gas-phase products were unreacted H 2 , CH 4 , CO 2 , C 2 H 6, C 3 H 8 and C 4 H 10 . Overall, many of the properties of the treated oil obtained from catalytic hydrotreatment in SCW in the presence of Pd/C are very similar to those of hydrocarbon fuels derived from fossil fuel resources.
Regulation of induced thionein gene expression in cultured mammalian cells: Effects of protein synthesis inhibition on translatable thionein mRNA levels in regulatory variants of the CHO cell

The effects of protein synthesis inhibitors, cycloheximide and puromycin, on functional thionein mRNA levels have been examined to further delineate the regulation of thionein gene expression in Cd2+-resistant CHO sublines proficient in Cd2+- or Zn2+-stimulated synthesis of metallothioneins. Inhibition of protein synthesis at or shortly before the time of metal-mediated induction only slightly reduces the usual increase in thionein mRNA. Protein synthesis inhibition alone does not significantly increase thionein mRNA levels. However, addition of cycloheximide 4 h after Zn2+ induction increases thionein mRNA activity measured 8 h after induction by at least 40%, suggesting that protein synthesis is required for normal turnover of thionein mRNA.
Distinguo: Reading montaigne differently

(1994). Distinguo: Reading montaigne differently. History of European Ideas: Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 603-604.
P-142: A New Driving Technology for the Improvement of PDP Driving Margins in Single Sustain PDPs

The past Single Sustain Driving System had critical problems on both the VS (Sustain Voltage) and the VA (Address Voltage) margins. A novel method to overcome these deficiencies has been performed by separating the ground reference of the Y_SUS (Scan) and Z_SUS (Common) boards from that of the Control and Address boards, which results in a driving system that is achieved by designing it as a single board. This system is referred to as an FSS (Floating Single Sustain). The FSS driving system improved the VS and VA margin dramatically and simplified the PDP driving system configuration when compared to the conventional PDP driving system.
Clinical and hemodynamic results of the Fontan operation for tricuspid atresia

Thirty patients aged 3 months to 26 years (median 9 years) with tricuspid atresia or severe tricuspid stenosis underwent a modified Fontan operation at Children's Hospital, Boston, between 1973 and 1980. Thirty-six palliative operations had been performed previously in 20 patients. Preoperative hemodynamic measurements included: mean pulmonary arterial pressure 6 to 18 mm Hg (median 9); pulmonary vascular resistance 0.3 to 2.2 Woods units/m2 (median 1.5) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure 3 to 14 mm Hg (median 7). There were five hospital deaths (17 percent), including two in the last 24 operations. The 25 survivors have been followed up for 4 to 85 months (median 23) with no late deaths. Twenty patients are in New York Heart Association class I and four in class II; one infant was not classified. Two patients have required reoperation, at, respectively, 71 and 26 months postoperatively; the former for late-developing conduit obstruction and residual bidirectional shunting; and the latter for a residual right to left shunt at atrial level. Early postoperative monitoring of hemodynamics in the intensive care unit revealed that a mean right atrial pressure of 17 mm Hg or greater, without obstruction of the anastomosis, was invariably associated with serious morbidity or mortality. Fifteen patients underwent elective cardiac catheterization 9 to 21 months (median 13) postoperatively. The mean right atrial pressure ranged between 5 and 12 mm Hg (median 8) and mean pulmonary arterial pressure between 4 and 11 mm Hg (median 7). The cardiac index (measured in 12 patients) was 1.9 to 4.0 liters/min per m2 (median 3.2). The left ventricular ejection fraction measured in 11 patients did not change significantly postoperatively, remaining normal in 10. Three patients had a residual right to left shunt at atrial level while the arterial oxygen saturation in the remaining 12 patients was 93 to 97 percent. Thus the modified Fontan operation can be performed with excellent clinical and hemodynamic results in selected patients with tricuspid atresia.
How Relational and Organizational Identification Converge: Processes and Conditions

Separate research literatures focus on the individual's identification with relationships, groups, organizations, and other workplace targets. We propose that identification with one referent may converge with or extend to another, thus suggesting the potential for more parsimonious perspectives on identification. We illustrate this argument by examining how the subordinate's identification with the subordinate-manager role relationship (“relational identification”) (RI) may converge with the subordinate's organizational identification (OI). We propose that convergence occurs through cognitive, affective, and behavioral mechanisms, including social influence, anthropomorphization, personalization, affect transfer, and behavioral sensemaking. We also propose that convergence is conditioned by task interdependence (inherent in the role relationship) and prototypicality (of the relational other). We discuss the implications of our convergence model for future research on multiple identifications.
Screening of newborns for sex chromosomal abnormalities by a fluorescent technique

The importance of screening newborn infant populations for abnormalities of sex chromosomes has been demonstrated. We report an improved method of identifying Y chromosome abnormalities using the affinity of this chromosome for the fluorescent dye Quinacrine Hydrochloride. Cells obtained from Wharton Jelly of the umbilical cord were used. Also, these cells exhibit fluorescence of the Barr body in female cells, a hitherto undescribed phenomenon. This body differs significantly from the fluorescent Y body in its size, form and intensity of staining. Touch preparations of a freshly cut section of the cord were prepared and were stained with Quinacrine Hydrochloride. Blind sex determination was carried out on slides prepared from the cords of 249 infants. All of the 120 females were correctly diagnosed by the fluorescence of the Barr body. One hundred male specimens were correctly indentified by the presence of a fluorescent Y body and absence of a fluorescent Barr body. Three hundred fifty males have been screened for abnormalities in the number of Y chromosomes and thus far none have been found. A sequential staining technique using Quinacrine Hydrochloride and Carbol Fuchsin on the same specimen verified the identity of the fluorescent Barr body with the conventional Barr body. In addition to the obvious power of this technique in screening newborns for sex chromosomal abnormalities we believe it may be of great use in the rapid diagnosis of sex in utero.
The reaction of o-phenylenediamine with 3-methylglutaric anhydride

The combination of o-phenylenediamine and 3-methylglutaric anhydride in xylene as solvent produces a complex mixture of products. Isolation and characterization of four products from this reaction has shed some light on the mechanism by which 4-(2-benzimidazolyl)-3-methylbutyric acid (1) is formed under these reaction conditions.
Clay Nanolayer Reinforcement of a Silicone Elastomer

A synthetic fluorohectorite clay in which the exchange cations have been replaced by hexadecyltrimethylammonium ions, abbreviated C16FH, has been shown to readily intercalate linear poly(dimethylsi...
GGA1 Interacts with the Adaptor Protein AP-1 through a WNSF Sequence in Its Hinge Region

Abstract The Golgi-associated γ-adaptin-related ADP-ribosylation factor-binding proteins (GGAs) are critical components of the transport machinery that mediates the trafficking of the mannose 6-phosphate receptors and associated cargo from the trans-Golgi network to the endosomes. The GGAs colocalize in vivo with the clathrin adaptor protein AP-1 and bind to AP-1 in vitro, suggesting that the two proteins may cooperate in packaging the mannose 6-phosphate receptors into clathrin-coated vesicles at the trans-Golgi network. Here, we demonstrate that the sequence, 382WNSF385, in the hinge region of GGA1 mediates its interaction with the AP-1 γ-ear. The Trp and Phe constitute critical amino acids in this interaction. The binding of Rabaptin5 to the AP-1 γ-ear, which occurs through a FXXΦ motif, is inhibited by a peptide encoding the GGA1 382WNSF385 sequence. Moreover, mutations in the AP-1 γ-ear that abolish its interaction with Rabaptin5 also preclude its association with GGA1. These results suggest that the GGA1 WXXF-type and Rabaptin5 FXXΦ-type motifs bind to the same or highly overlapping sites in the AP-1 γ-ear. This binding is modulated by residues adjacent to the core motifs.
Digital Forensics--State of the Science and Foundational Research Activity

Within the fields of computer science and software engineering greater attention is being given today to the broad topic of information assurance. This minitrack focuses on an emerging subspecialty within information assurance that is largely driven by software technology -- that of Digital Forensics. Digital forensics involves the use of software, computer science, software engineering, and criminal justice procedures to explore and or investigate digital media with the objective of finding evidence to support a criminal or administrative case. It involves the preservation, identification, extraction, and documentation of computer or network evidence. This minitrack includes papers in two important general areas - digital forensics pedagogy at the university level and current research efforts in improving digital forensics tools and techniques.
In situ U-Pb ages of zircons from the Bishop Tuff: No evidence for long crystal residence times

Ion microprobe U-Pb isotope analyses of zircons from fallout and intercalated ash-flow deposits of the early, most chemically evolved Bishop Tuff (east-central California) yield a weighted mean age of 823 ± 11 ka (mean square of weighted deviates, MSWD = 0.8; n = 22). A similar mean age of 839 ± 36 ka (MSWD = 0.6, n = 15) obtained on unpolished zircon rims suggests that the difference between these ages and that of 760 ka for the Bishop Tuff obtained by recent Ar isotope determinations may be largely analytical in origin. Considerations based only on the effect of 230 Th- 234 U disequilibria on the U-Pb ages yield an apparent maximum mean crystal residence time for zircon of ∼100 k.y. The zircon residence times are significantly shorter than those inferred from previous estimates for the timing of phenocryst growth and suggest that, once evolved, the early Bishop Tuff rhyolite was not stored for long before erupting.
A simple combination mass spectrometer inlet and oxygen electrode chamber for sampling gases dissolved in liquids.

Abstract A combination mass spectrometer inlet and oxygen electrode chamber has been devised which permits continuous sampling of O2 and any other gases of interest in liquid phases. The instrumentation used permits rapid time response and very high sensitivity. The application of this system to the study of photosynthetic reactions is described.
A comparison of crystal-melt interfacial free energies using different Al potentials

We have calculated the crystal-melt interfacial stiffnesses using simulations with three different interatomic potentials for Al, and from these derived the anisotropic crystal-melt interfacial free energies. We find that there is a strong dependence of the results on the potential, and that this dependence cannot be explained by the usual Turnbull relation between the interfacial free energy and the latent heat. The potentials which produce liquid structures in closer agreement with experiments give free energies in good agreement with nucleation data.
Iliac artery stenosis in a child with cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita

Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC) is a rare congenital disorder. We describe an 8-year-old boy with CMTC who presented with symptomatic claudication and diminished distal pulses. Imaging showed severe stenosis of the right common iliac artery, and the child underwent uncomplicated ilio-iliac bypass using prosthetic graft. This is the first report of a patient with CMTC and major vessel stenosis, successfully treated with a prosthetic graft bypass.
Fine screening potato (Solanum) species germplasm for tuber calcium

A representative sample of the US potato germplasm collection was screened in the greenhouse for ability to accumulate tuber calcium. Germplasm with very high and very low calcium accumulation capacity has been identified by progressively screening for extremes among species, among populations (accessions), and finally among genotypes (i.e., fine screening). Among accessions, the bestS. gourlayi andmicrodontum populations averaged more than six-fold greater tuber calcium than the poorestS. kurtzianum population. When screening was performed at the genotype level, the best individuals ofgourlayi andmicrodontum had over eight-fold greater calcium than the poorestkurtzianum individual. When grown in the field, calcium levels ofS. microdontum selections were confirmed to be significantly higher thantuberosum cultivars. When selected genotypes were intercrossed and their progeny were compared to their original populations, mean tuber calcium was significantly changed in the intended direction of selection forS. kurtzianum (made lower) andS. microdontum (made higher). These stocks are expected to be useful tools for study of the genetic and physiological bases of tuber calcium accumulation, refining screening methods, and breeding improved cultivars.
Meteorological Applications of Lidar

Conventional microwave radar is used extensively by meteorologists in locating and tracking percipitating storms, and to some extent, by cloud physicists in determining physical characteristics of dense cloud. The more recent availability of highly collimated, nearly monochromatic, short-pulse light beau s from laser sources makes it possible to use the radar technique for remote detection and easurement of minute concentrations of very small particles, down to those having dimensions on the order of the wavelength of light.
Effect of topical application of 13-cis retinoic acid on skin of hairless rats and hairless mice

The potential effectiveness of topical 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis RA) as a sebosuppressive agent was evaluated in hairless (“fuzzy”) rats and hairless mice. At nontoxic dosages (i.e., concentrations which induced no weight loss), topical 13-cis RA had no detectable sebosuppressive effects in either of these species. In hairless rats, the topical application of 0.2% 13-cis RA induced more severe symptoms of toxicity than was induced by the administration of equivalent amounts of the drug by either oral or subcutaneous routes. Due to variability in species sensitivity to 13-cis RA, the potential effectiveness of the topical use of this retinoid can probably only be evaluated in human volunteers.
Diffusion-edited NMR spectra of heparin contaminants

Diffusion NMR is a useful method for the analysis of mixtures, providing information about the number of components as well as insight into their relative sizes. This work explores the use of diffusion-edited NMR measurements for the identification of the glycosaminoglycan impurities dermatan sulfate (DS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and oversulfated chondroitin sulfate (OSCS) in solutions of heparin subjected to enzymatic digestion. Enzymatic digestion significantly improves the resolution of the biopolymer impurities in diffusion-edited 1H NMR spectra facilitating identification of high molecular weight contaminants.
Effects of Resveratrol in Storage Solution on Adhesion Molecule Expression and Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Vein Grafts

Background Endothelial injury in human saphenous vein grafts may occur during harvesting and storage, which may have an adverse effect on coronary artery bypass grafting outcome. In this study, we sought to determine whether resveratrol, a natural antioxidant enriched in grape, can limit endothelial activation and reduce endothelial injury in human saphenous vein grafts. Methods Human saphenous vein grafts, obtained from 8 patients and divided into two equal groups of control and study specimens, were stored in either heparinized blood (group A) or heparinized blood containing 50 μg/mL resveratrol (group B) for 1 hour at room temperature. Specimens were analyzed by Western blotting to quantify intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase-2 expression, as well as tissue cyclic guanylate monophosphate levels. Myeloperoxidase activity, a marker of neutrophil sequestration in human saphenous vein grafts, was also measured in each group. Results Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression (1,674 ± 332 versus 559 ± 282; p = 0.003), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression (753 ± 183 versus 472 ± 151; p = 0.025), and myeloperoxidase activity (7.00 ± 1.05 versus 1.33 ± 0.45 nm/min; p = 0.004) were significantly lower in group B. In contrast, inducible nitric oxide synthase-2 expression (548 ± 237 versus 2,234 ± 726; p = 0.004) and tissue cyclic guanylate monophosphate levels (2.02 ± 0.53 versus 5.61 ± 0.89 pmol/mL; p = 0.001) were significantly higher in group B. Conclusions Resveratrol reduced upregulation of leukocyte–endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression in human saphenous vein graft endothelium and decreased neutrophil adhesion to saphenous vein graft endothelium. Resveratrol also augmented inducible nitric oxide synthase-2 expression and increased cyclic guanylate monophosphate levels. These results suggest that resveratrol might improve vascular homeostasis and reduce endothelial injury during the hypoxic storage period of human saphenous vein grafts for coronary artery bypass grafting.
A Simulation Study and Theoretical Comparison of Various Processing Techniques Used in Ultrasonic Bloodflow Measurement

Abstract In the past, several ultrasonic bloodflow imaging systems have been proposed. Those of most interest to us have been the pulsed sinusoid system, the random noise system, and the pseudo noise system. In this paper, some advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed. This paper begins with a brief review of signal processing as it applies to blood flow measuring systems in general. Next each of the above systems are discussed and related to the general theory. A system which combines some of the advantages of each is introduced at this point. Finally, the results of a sophisticated simulation developed specifically to compare these systems is presented.
Palliation of advanced gastrointestinal malignancies using minimally invasive strategies

AbstractMost surgeons are routinely involved in the management of patients with advanced malignancy. While the aim of surgical intervention is often cure, palliation of symptoms and improving patient's quality of life are equally important goals. Effective palliation requires recognition on the surgeon's part of the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs of the patient. In addition, effective palliation requires that the surgeon is aware of the latest minimally invasive techniques to treat patients with advance gastrointestinal malignancies. With the application of these minimal invasive techniques, the surgeon can better achieve the goal of surgical palliation – relief of symptoms and improved quality of life with minimization of the surgical burden. Recently, minimally invasive strategies, including laparoscopy, endoscopy, as well as catheter-based interventional radiology techniques have allowed for effective palliation while reducing risks associated with more extensive open surgical pro...
Emotional and behavioral adjustment after traumatic brain injury

Abstract Objectives: To examine emotional and behavioral adjustment and recovery over 1 year after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to determine whether the difficulties, if present, are due to neurologic insult. Design: Longitudinal evaluation of adjustment from 1 month to 1 year after injury. Setting: Level I trauma center at a university hospital. Patients: One hundred fifty-seven consecutively hospitalized adults with TBI and 125 trauma controls with other system injuries evaluated at 1 and 12 months after injury. Main Outcome Measures: Katz Adjustment Scale (KAS). Results: The TBI group at 1 year follow-up demonstrated significant emotional and behavioral maladjustment, but such difficulties did not appear to be mediated by the brain injury, since the KAS scores for the TBI and trauma control groups were not significantly different. Those with moderate TBI reported greater difficulties than those with mild or severe injuries. Changes in adjustment over 1 year were common for both groups. Within the TBI group there was differential recovery: improvement in cognitive clarity, dysphoric mood, and emotional stability, but increased difficulties with anger management, antisocial behaviors, and self-monitoring. Conclusions: These results raise questions about commonly held beliefs that those with mild TBI report greater distress, and clarify some misconceptions regarding change in emotional and behavioral functioning over time.
Counting the Number of Squares Reachable in k Knight’s Moves

Using geometric techniques, formulas for the number of squares that require k moves in order to be reached by a sole knight from its initial position on an infinite chessboard are derived. The number of squares reachable in exactly k moves are 1, 8, 32, 68, and 96 for k = 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and 28k – 20 for k ≥ 5. The cumulative number of squares reachable in k or fever moves are 1, 9, 41, and 109 for k = 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and 14k2 – 6k + 5 for k ≥ 4. Although these formulas are known, the proofs that are presented are new and more mathematically accessible then preceding proofs.
Investigation of radioisotope tagging of copper wire

Abstract Tagging of copper cable with 110 m Ag has been demonstrated as a feasible technique to identify stolen copper electrical cable. The radiotag can be applied with a hypodermic syringe, and the 110 m Ag is permanently attached to the interior surfaces of the cable. After subsequent exposure of tagged cable to washing and simulated weather conditions for one and a half years followed by burning and rewashing the total 110 m Ag remaining on the cable was about 92 per cent. The presence of the radiotagged cable in a pile of copper scrap can be detected by monitoring with a survey type radiation meter. The application of the radiotag can be done by a semi-skilled person with a minimum of training.
University-Community Collaboration: The People to People Program.

We encourage our readers to submit ideas, suggestions, or manuscripts for Spotlight. This feature of Intervention focuses on a specific school program, clinic, camp, or individual concerned with special and remedial education. We would be pleased to assist our readers in developing an article for this column.—GW