cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimating Probabilities of Detection for Bat Echolocation Calls: An Application of the Double-Observer Method

Differential detectability is an issue of great practical importance in bat species (Order Chiroptera) surveys. Bat echolocation recorders increasingly are being used in survey efforts, but recorder-based surveys have not measured differences in detection probability quantitatively. A recently developed avian survey technique uses 2 observers at a site to estimate the probability of detection by comparing birds recorded independently by the 2 observers. We applied this method to bat surveys using remotely operated Anabat echolocation recorders. We placed 2 detectors at each sample point, which were randomly selected from forested habitat within 2 watersheds in Indiana and 2 in Missouri. The first detector was oriented toward the most open area of forest and the second was set 5 m away and oriented toward the most open area that allowed sampling of an area distinct from the first detector. We estimated detection probabilities using the Huggins closed-capture model in program MARK. We compared models of detection probability using the corrected quasi-likelihood Akaike's Information Criterion adjusted for overdispersion (QAICc). The best models accounted for detector placement and region but not species. Overall probability of detection for bats using 2 detectors was 0.62 in Indiana and 0.42 in Missouri. Results confirmed that a second detector increased the probability of detecting different species of bats at a site. Future regional comparisons should account for differences in detection probability to avoid biases associated with surveys relying solely on recorded calls.
Phosphatidylcholine: Endogenous Precursor of Choline

The choline which eventually reaches brain comes from one of two sources, the diet and pools of choline which have been synthesized de novo. As dietary intake can vary, choline must be stored in free and esterified form so as to ensure the maintenance of uninterrupted supplies of choline to tissues. These storage forms of choline, and the choline formed de novo are the endogenous sources of choline from which brain derives its supplies of this important amine. Of all the choline esters, phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) is undoubtedly the largest and most important endogenous storage form of choline (Table 1). In this chapter, I will concentrate on the mechanisms whereby such endogenous pools of phosphatidylcholine serve as precursors of brain choline.
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Integrability

Every continuous function [a,b] →ℝ is uniformly continuous. There are three natural proofs of this theorem, using (a) The Nested Interval Theorem, (b) the Heine-Borel Theorem, and (c) the Bolzano-Weierstrass Theorem respectively.
Breathing Characteristics and Symptoms of Psychological Distress: An Exploratory Study

In this exploratory study of the relationship between characteristics of breathing and 3 common psychological issues (i.e., symptoms of anxiety, alexithymia, and depression), 79 college-age adults were examined using self-report, rater observation, and physiological measures. Results indicated significant positive relationships between dysfunctional breath characteristics and symptoms of both anxiety and alexithymia. A significant positive correlation was found between self-reported symptoms of dysfunctional breathing and symptoms of depression, but no significant relationships existed between symptoms of depression and either rater-observed breath characteristics or physiological measures.
Studies in Cancer: The Application of the Rupp-Schied-Thiel Thiocyanate Reaction to the Urine.

Saxl1 concluded that quantitatively thiocyanate is increased in cancer with values appreciably higher than normal and higher than found in any other disease. He employed the Rupp-Schied2 method as improved by Thiel.3 Making use of the same method we found great variation in the apparent thiocyanate content of both normal and pathological 24-hour urines. A number of cases of marked cancer involvement showed high apparent thiocyanate as found by Saxl but other marked cases of cancer were within normal limits and sometimes below normal. It would seem that the excretion of material behaving like thiocyanate is not necessarily increased in cancer. The average in cancer is somewhat higher than for other pathological conditions tested by us since some cases as, for example, multiple myeloma, were much higher than normal. The values found in our cancer cases show that irrespective of what the Rupp-Schied-Thiel thiocyanate procedure is measuring when applied to urine, thiocyanate or other similarly reacting materi...
Cellular Resistance in Tissue Culture, Induced by Noncytopathogenic Strains, to a Cytopathogenic Strain of Virus Diarrhea Virus of Cattle

SummaryThree noncytopathogenic strains of virus diarrhea (VD) virus from cattle induced resistance to a plaque-forming strain of VD virus in agar overlay cell cultures of embryonic bovine kidney cells. Plaque inhibition made possible the measurement of virus concentration of noncytopathogenic VD virus strains. Cellular resistance was neutralized by VD virus antibodies.
Promoting the alliance between pediatrics and child psychiatry.

In a time of scarce resources, pediatricians are increasing their involvement with developmental and psychological problems of children and families. Child psychiatrists must participate actively in this development, be involved in the delineation of patient care responsibility, and collaborate in the teaching of behavioral sciences and developmental psychopathology and in interdisciplinary behavioral research. Within this framework, a consultation-liaison service provides an excellent opportunity for child psychiatrists and pediatricians to educate each other.
Contribution of antiretroviral therapy to cardiovascular disease risk in HIV-infected patients

Rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are over twice as high in HIV-infected compared with uninfected patients, and this excess risk could be due to the effect of antiretroviral medications (ARVs) but the data regarding this are mixed. We described the literature on associations reported between classes and individual ARVs and rates of CVD and to changes in surrogate markers of subclinical CVD. Many PIs and certain NRTIs contribute to the development of CVD though recent generations of PIs appear to have less effect on development of CVD as assessed by surrogate measures of subclinical CVD. Future antiretroviral drug development efforts should include surrogate measures of subclinical cardiovascular to minimize the potential contributions of new ARVs to subclinical or clinical CVD.
Fine particulate air pollution and premature ventricular contractions: The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Abstract Background It is unknown if higher levels of ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure increase the risk for premature ventricular contractions (PVC) in a population-based study of men and women, and if this relationship varies by race or sex. Methods We examined the association of PM Results PVCs were detected in 1719 (6.6%) study participants. Short- (OR=1.08, 95%CI=1.03, 1.14) and long- (OR=1.06, 95%CI=1.01, 1.12) term PM2.5 exposures were associated with PVCs. Interactions were not detected by race or sex. An interaction between short-term PM2.5 exposure and PVCs was detected for those with cardiovascular disease (OR=1.16, 95%CI=1.06, 1.27) compared with those without cardiovascular disease (OR=1.05, 95%CI=0.99, 1.12; p-interaction=0.027). Conclusion Our findings suggest that PM2.5 exposure is associated with an increased risk for PVCs in a biracial population-based study of men and women. We also have identified persons with cardiovascular disease as an at-risk population for PVCs when increases in short-term PM2.5 concentration occur.
Institutional Origins of Islamist Political Mobilization

Muslim countries experience wide variation in levels of Islamist political mobilization, including such political activities as protest, voting, and violence. Institutional Origins of Islamist Political Mobilization provides a theory of the institutional origins of Islamist politics, focusing on the development of religious common knowledge, religious entrepreneurship, and coordinating focal points as critical to the success of Islamist activism. Examining Islamist politics in more than 50 countries over four decades, the book illustrates that Islamist political activism varies a great deal, appearing in specific types of institutional contexts. Detailed case studies of Turkey, Algeria, and Senegal demonstrate how diverse contexts yield different types of Islamist politics across the Muslim world.
Nonlinear Optics in TiO 2 Nanoscale Waveguides

Polycrystalline anatase TiO2 nanoscale waveguides were proposed as a platform for efficient, on-chip generation of triplet photons via third-order spontaneous parametric down-conversion (TOSPDC). TiO2 has a high nonlinear index of refraction (0. 16 × 1018 m2/W at 1565 nm), a wide transparency window (absorption edge at 400 nm) and negligible two-photon absorption above 800 nm, making it an advantageous material for integrated photonics. Efficient generation of three-photon entanglement on an integrated platform are necessary for many experiments in quantum optics, with applications in quantum metrology and communication. We coupled simulations with experiments to determine and confirm optimal waveguide geometries for meeting TOSPDC phase-matching constraints and maximizing the efficiency of triplet-photon generation in TiO2 nanoscale devices.
Biocompatibility of injectable materials

Abstract: Injectable biomaterials present significant advantages relative to implants, such as the ability to conform to complex anatomical defects and to be administered using minimally invasive techniques. However, injectable biomaterials also present additional biocompatibility challenges beyond the basic requirements for implantable devices. This chapter reviews the unique biocompatibility challenges presented by injectable biomaterials that are currently being investigated and developed as therapies for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Nutrition of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus L.: An additional evaluation of the effects of soya‐based diets and supplemental prebiotic

We assessed the effects of a fishmeal (FM)- and two soya-based diets [without or with prebiotic (GroBiotic® -A; GBA) supplementation] on the production performance, non-specific immunity, blood parameters and gut microbiota diversity of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. All diets were formulated to contain 450 g/kg crude protein (CP) and 120 g/kg lipid. A combination of soya bean meal and soya protein concentrate (SP) was used to replace 88% of the FM in the FM-based diet (REF) originating the first soya-based diet (SOY). The second soya-based diet (SOY + GBA) was designed identically to SOY except for the supplementation of GBA (20 g/kg) substituting for wheat flour. After feeding the experimental diets to triplicate groups of 25 (~3.4 g/fish) and 90 (~4.1 g/fish) red drum juveniles for 9 (Trial I) and 16 weeks (Trial II), our results showed that (i) red drum was highly sensitive to the soya-based diets in the first week of feeding; (ii) replacing 88% of FM with SP reduced the production performance of red drum without affecting intestinal micromorphology; (iii) whole-blood leucocyte oxidative radical production was unaffected while lower haematocrit and higher plasma lysozyme activity were found in fish fed REF; (iv) plasma osmolality was unaffected while lower glucose and higher lactate levels were observed in fish fed SOY and SOY + GBA; (v) 16S rRNA gene-based diversity of fish gut microbiota was affected both by SP and by GBA. This study expands the information on red drum responses to soya-based diets and prebiotic supplementation.
“This Is Our House!” Why Are I-O Psychologists Losing at the Gender Disparity Game?

Aguinis et al. (2017) highlighted the gender disparity in authorship of publications within the field of industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology. We agree with the authors that this is a troubling finding and think that this gender disparity within our field is the most critical implication of the focal article. I-O psychologists are specifically trained to address employment issues, including gender disparities at work. To see such disconcerting findings in our area of expertise is akin to a sports team losing to a competitor when they have the home court advantage. Namely, we are left feeling deflated and asking ourselves, “What went wrong?”
Microbiota Reconstitution Does Not Cause Bone Loss in Germ-Free Mice.

ABSTRACT Annually, an estimated 2 million osteoporotic fractures occur in the United States alone. Osteoporosis imparts a great burden on the health care system. The identification of novel regulators of bone health is critical for developing more effective therapeutics. A previous study on the colonization of germ-free (GF) mice with a microbial community has demonstrated that bacterial colonization dramatically increases bone loss. We therefore investigated the impact of multiple microbial communities in different mice to understand how generalizable the impact of bacterial colonization is on bone health. To investigate the impact of different microbial communities on bone health in outbred and inbred mouse strains, gavage was performed on GF Swiss Webster and GF C57BL/6 mice to introduce distinct microbiotas that originated from either humans or mice. GF mice displayed a high degree of colonization, as indicated by more than 90% of the operational taxonomic units present in the starting inoculum being successfully colonized in the mice when they were examined at the end of the experiment. In spite of the successful colonization of GF mice with gut microbiota of either mouse or human origin, bone mass did not change significantly in any of the groups tested. Furthermore, static and dynamic bone parameters and osteoclast precursor and T cell populations, as well as the expression of several inflammatory markers, were mostly unchanged following microbial colonization of GF mice. IMPORTANCE The microbiota has been shown to be an important regulator of health and development. With regard to its effect on bone health, a previous study has suggested that gut microbes negatively impact bone density. However, we show here that this is not generalizable to all microbial communities and mouse strain backgrounds. Our results demonstrate that colonization of mice, both outbred and inbred strains, did not have a major impact on bone health. The identification of microbial communities that do not negatively impact bone health may provide a foundation for future investigations that seek to identify microbes that are either beneficial or detrimental to bone metabolism.
Challenges in paper-based fluorogenic optical sensing with smartphones

Application of optically superior, tunable fluorescent nanotechnologies have long been demonstrated throughout many chemical and biological sensing applications. Combined with microfluidics technologies, i.e. on lab-on-a-chip platforms, such fluorescent nanotechnologies have often enabled extreme sensitivity, sometimes down to single molecule level. Within recent years there has been a peak interest in translating fluorescent nanotechnology onto paper-based platforms for chemical and biological sensing, as a simple, low-cost, disposable alternative to conventional silicone-based microfluidic substrates. On the other hand, smartphone integration as an optical detection system as well as user interface and data processing component has been widely attempted, serving as a gateway to on-board quantitative processing, enhanced mobility, and interconnectivity with informational networks. Smartphone sensing can be integrated to these paper-based fluorogenic assays towards demonstrating extreme sensitivity as well as ease-of-use and low-cost. However, with these emerging technologies there are always technical limitations that must be addressed; for example, paper’s autofluorescence that perturbs fluorogenic sensing; smartphone flash’s limitations in fluorescent excitation; smartphone camera’s limitations in detecting narrow-band fluorescent emission, etc. In this review, physical optical setups, digital enhancement algorithms, and various fluorescent measurement techniques are discussed and pinpointed as areas of opportunities to further improve paper-based fluorogenic optical sensing with smartphones.
MULTI-DIMENSIONAL EMR OF AMERICAN COALS

Publisher Summary This chapter explores multidimensional electron magnetic resonance of American coals. In a study described in the chapter, pure samples of dibenzothiophene and benzonaphthothiophene were purchased from Aldrich Chemical. Cation radicals of these materials, in addition to dibenzofuran, were prepared by two alternate routes: (1) formation of cation radicals by electron transfer on active silica–alumina surfaces, and (2) formation of cation radicals by ultraviolet irradiation in a boric-acid host glass. Each method was developed to produce stable populations of pure cation radicals in a powder or glassy matrix, thus duplicating the disordered state of chemical species in coal. Powdered boric acid and the desired thiophenic compound were mixed together in a 1:100 ratio by weight. The powder then was heated slowly to the melting point of boric acid. The glass was allowed to cool, was broken into small fragments, and was then loaded into a quartz sample tube, after which it was placed in a Ray-O-Net irradiation unit and subjected to ultraviolet irradiation for 30 min.
A mixture-model based algorithm for real-time terrain estimation: Research Articles

A real-time terrain mapping and estimation algorithm using Gaussian sum elevation densities to model terrain variations in a planar gridded elevation model is presented. A formal probabilistic analysis of each individual sensor measurement allows the modeling of multiple sources of error in a rigorous manner. Measurements are associated to multiple locations in the elevation model using a Gaussian sum conditional density to account for uncertainty in measured elevation as well as uncertainty in the in-plane location of the measurement. The approach is constructed such that terrain estimates and estimation error statistics can be constructed in real-time without maintaining a history of sensor measurements. The algorithm is validated experimentally on the 2005 Cornell University DARPA Grand Challenge ground vehicle, demonstrating accurate and computationally feasible elevation estimates on dense terrain models, as well as estimates of the errors in the terrain model. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carboranes in Other Applications

This chapter summarizes recent advances in several areas of practical application beyond those described in earlier chapters. These include the metallacarborane-based extraction of radionuclides from radioactive waste; the development of carborane-containing materials such as ionic liquids, liquid crystals, nonlinear optical (NLO) materials, gas separation and storage materials, electroactive systems, carborane-based networks and supramolecular assemblies, films and monolayers, biomaterials, and ceramics; molecular-scale cars and other nanomachines; carboranes as noncatalytic agents in synthesis; and the application of carboranes in gas chromatography and other analytical techniques.
Mechanical Properties of Insulating Plastic Foams at Low Temperatures

Expanded plastics have found considerable use as cryogenic insulation in applications where only moderate thermal efficiency is required, especially where it is convenient for the insulation to be self-supporting or to provide support to other structures. The thermal gradient in which they see service, however, induces thermal stresses which can be great enough to cause failure of the insulation structure if the design does not allow for the effects of the characteristically high thermal contraction and relatively low tensile strength of these materials.
Ir gene regulation of T cell proliferation: requirement for Ia and antigen expression on the same accessory cell.

We and others have shown that treatment of antigen presenting cells with alloantiserum restricted to the I-A subregion inhibits their ability to present the terpolymer GAT to immune T cells (1–3). The inhibition is independent of complement and antiserum recognizing other H-21 subregions has no effect (Figure 1). These results have been interpreted to suggest that anti I-A antibodies mask the Ia antigen (Ir gene product) and, thus, block the T cell receptor(s) from recognizing either Ir gene product and specific antigen in complex or separately (4).
Vocal alignment to native and non-native speakers of English

Research on vocal alignment, the tendency for language users to match another individual's speech productions, suggests that multiple factors contribute to this behavior. Social and motivational goals, aspects of cognitive architecture, and linguistic flexibility may all affect the extent to which vocal alignment occurs, suggesting complex underlying mechanisms. The present study capitalized on the social and linguistic characteristics of Spanish-accented English to examine the relationship among these contributors to vocal alignment. American English-speaking adults participated in a shadowing task. Degree of vocal alignment was assessed by both acoustic measures and independent raters' judgments. Participants aligned to both native English and Spanish-accented productions, despite differences in attitudes to and intelligibility of the different accents. Individual differences in shadowers' vowel dispersion were also related to extent of vocal alignment, with greater dispersion associated with greater alignment. Acoustic measures were related to perceptual assessments of alignment and differed by accent type, suggesting that patterns of alignment may differ across accents. Overall, the current study demonstrates vocal alignment between talkers of differing language backgrounds and highlights the importance of acoustic and linguistic components of alignment behavior.
Climb, Direct, Stack: Smart Interfaces for ELeague Contest

In this paper, we present multiple 3D interaction techniques to address the three tasks in the 2018 3DUI contest: ladder climbing, drone flying and tower stacking. The proposed techniques provide smart interfaces to aid efficiency and error prevention. We discuss the principles and rationale used in the design.
A new multi-sensor integrated index for drought monitoring

Abstract Drought is one of the most expensive but least understood natural disasters. Remote sensing based integrated drought indices have the potential to describe drought conditions comprehensively, and multi-criteria combination analysis is increasingly used to support drought assessment. However, conventional multi-criteria combination methods and most existing integrated drought indices fail to adequately represent spatial variability. An index that can be widely used for drought monitoring across all climate regions would be of great value for ecosystem management. To this end, we proposed a framework for generating a new integrated drought index applicable across diverse climate regions. In this new framework, a local ordered weighted averaging (OWA) model was used to combine the Temperature Condition Index (TCI) from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) developed using the Vegetation Index based on Universal Pattern Decomposition method (VIUPD), the Soil Moisture Condition Index (SMCI) derived from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer–Earth Observation System (AMSR-E), and the Precipitation Condition Index (PCI) derived from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). This new index, which we call the “Geographically Independent Integrated Drought Index (GIIDI),” was validated in diverse climate divisions across the continental United States. Results showed that GIIDI was better correlated with in-situ PDSI, Z-index, SPI-1, SPI-3 and SPEI-6 (overall r-value = 0.701, 0.794, 0.811, 0.733, 0.628; RMSE = 1.979, 0.810, 0.729, 1.049 and 1.071, respectively) when compared to the Microwave Integrated Drought Index (MIDI), Optimized Meteorological Drought Index (OMDI), Scaled Drought Condition Index (SDCI), PCI, TCI, SMCI, and VCI. GIIDI also performed well in most climate divisions for both short-term and long-term drought monitoring. Because of the superior performance of GIIDI across diverse temporal and spatial scales, GIIDI has considerable potential for improving our ability to monitor drought across a range of biomes and climates.
Aseptic Reoperations Within 1 Year of Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Markedly Increase the Risk of Later Periprosthetic Joint Infection.

Abstract Background Despite the high rate of success of primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), some patients are candidates for early aseptic reoperation. The goal of this study is to evaluate the risk of subsequent periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in patients treated with an aseptic reoperation within 1 year of primary TKA. Methods A retrospective review of our total joint registry compared 249 primary TKAs requiring an aseptic reoperation within 1 year following index arthroplasty to a control group of 17,867 TKAs not requiring reoperation within 1 year. Patients were divided into groups based on time from index TKA: (1) 90 days or less (114 TKAs) and (2) 91 to 365 days (135 TKAs). Mean age was 68 years with 57% female. Mean follow-up was 7 years. Results At 2 years postoperatively, patients undergoing an aseptic reoperation within 90 days subsequently had a 9% PJI rate, while patients undergoing an aseptic reoperation between 91 and 365 days subsequently had a 3% PJI rate. The control group had a 0.4% PJI rate. Compared to the control group, patients undergoing an aseptic reoperation within 90 days had an elevated risk of PJI (hazard ratio, 9; P Conclusion Aseptic reoperation within 1 year of primary TKA was associated with a notably increased risk of subsequent PJI.
Impact of local thermal non-equilibrium on temporal thermo-hydro-mechanical processes in low permeable porous media

The thermo-hydraulic-mechanical (THM) response of low permeable media is of crucial significance in thermal fracturing for production of unconventional shale oil, enhanced geothermal systems, and waste disposal. During such processes, pore pressures and stresses change in a spatiotemporal manner due to hydraulic and thermal loadings. From the viewpoint of the energy balance equation, the available theoretical studies can be classified as local thermal equilibrium (LTE), and local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) models. LTE models consider identical temperature for different phase of the porous system. LTNE models allow different temperature variations in solid and fluid phases of a porous medium. Current LTNE studies are weakly-coupled – not incorporating thermo-osmosis. This paper presents novel coupled LTNE thermo-poroelastic solutions in a transversely isotropic saturated porous medium, incorporating thermo- osmosis effect. Solutions are obtained for permeable and impermeable boundaries. Thermo-osmosis is found to have a very different effect in case of LTNE versus LTE, resulting in a fundamentally different THM response. LTNE effect analysis reveals different THM responses under different heat transfer properties at the solid-fluid interface in low permeable strata.
Referral pattern for urologic malignancies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has required significant restructuring of healthcare with conservation of resources and maintaining social distancing standards. With these new initiatives, it is conceivable that the diagnosis of cancer care may be delayed. We aimed to evaluate differences in patient populations being evaluated for cancer before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods and Materials We performed a retrospective review of our electronic medical record and examined patient characteristics of those presenting for a possible new cancer diagnosis to our urologic oncology clinic. Data was analyzed using logistic and linear regression models. Results During the 3-month period before the COVID-19 pandemic began, 585 new patients were seen in one urologic oncology practice. The following 3-month period, during the COVID-19 pandemic, 362 patients were seen, corresponding to a 38% decline. Visits per week increased to pre-COVID-19 levels for kidney and bladder cancer as the county entered the green phase. Prostate cancer visits per week remained below pre-COVID-19 levels in the green phase. When the 2 populations pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 were compared, there were no notable differences on regression analysis. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic decreased the total volume of new patient referrals for possible genitourinary cancer diagnoses. The impact this will have on cancer survival remains to be determined.
Mobile Stroke Units: Current and Future Impact on Stroke Care.

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and major disability that impacts societies across the world. Earlier thrombolysis of blocked arteries with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and/or endovascular clot extraction is associated with better clinical outcomes. Mobile stroke units (MSU) can deliver faster tPA treatment and rapidly transport stroke patients to centers with endovascular capabilities. Initial MSU trials in Germany indicated more rapid tPA treatment times using MSUs compared with standard emergency room treatment, a higher proportion of patients treated within 60 minutes of stroke onset, and a trend toward better 3-month clinical outcomes with MSU care. In the United States, the first multicenter, randomized clinical trial comparing standard versus MSU treatment began in 2014 in Houston, TX, and has demonstrated feasibility and safety of MSU operations, reliability of telemedicine technology to assess patients for tPA eligibility without additional time delays, and faster door-to-groin puncture times of MSU patients needing endovascular thrombectomy in interim analysis. Scheduled for completion in 2021, this trial will determine the cost-effectiveness and benefit of MSU treatment on clinical outcomes compared with standard ambulance and hospital treatment. Beyond ischemic stroke, MSUs have additional clinical and research applications that can profoundly impact other cohorts of patients who require time-sensitive neurological care.
Tides on the Patagonian Shelf from the SEASAT Radar Altimeter

One of the major potential uses of satellite altimetry data lies in the mapping of global ocean tides. Because of the spatial coverage provided by satellites, such altimetry data contain information on the spatial structure of tides difficult to deduce from conventional single point measurements. However, throughout much of the world’s ocean the length scales of tides and of orbit errors are similar, and thus the analysis becomes difficult. Figure 1 indicates a simulated error spectrum for radial orbit determination (after Cutting, Born and Frautnik, 1978). It is important to note that, although radial orbit determination errors are on the order of a meter, the error spectrum is concentrated around one cycle per orbit. The relative orbit uncertainty up to wavelengths of a few thousand kilometers is only about 10 cm. Thus for regions where the length scales of the tide are shorter than a few thousand kilometers and where the tides are also of large amplitude, the problem of orbit errors can be bypassed. One such region is the Patagonian shelf off Argentina.
Final Report: Fire Prevention, Detection, and Suppression Project, Exploration Technology Development Program

The Fire Prevention, Detection, and Suppression (FPDS) project is a technology development effort within the Exploration Technology Development Program of the Exploration System Missions Directorate (ESMD) that addresses all aspects of fire safety aboard manned exploration systems. The overarching goal for work in the FPDS area is to develop technologies that will ensure crew health and safety on exploration missions by reducing the likelihood of a fire, or, if one does occur, minimizing the risk to the crew, mission, or system. This is accomplished by addressing the areas of (1) fire prevention and material flammability, (2) fire signatures and detection, and (3) fire suppression and response. This report describes the outcomes of this project from the formation of the Exploration Technology Development Program (ETDP) in October 2005 to September 31, 2010 when the Exploration Technology Development Program was replaced by the Enabling Technology Development and Demonstration Program. NASA s fire safety work will continue under this new program and will build upon the accomplishments described herein.
El desenvolupament de la Psicopatologia infantil al Segle XIX

Este trabajo estudia el desarrollo de la psicopatologia infantil a lo largo del siglo XIX; distingue tres etapas: 1. Contribucion de los psiquiatras franceses en el campo del retraso mental (Falret, Voisin, Ferrus) y de la pedagogia del deficiente (Delasiauve, Vallee, Seguin, Bourneville ). 2. Diferenciacion progresiva del contenido cientrpco y aparicion de capitulos de psicopatologia infantil en las obras generales de psiquiatria y pediatria (GRIESINGER 1845 ; WEST 1854 ; MAUDSLEY 1867). 3. Publicacion de los primeros textos monografcos de psicopatologia infantil (FILIBILIU 1887 ; EMMINGHAUS, 1887 ; MOREAU DE TOURS, 1888). Noticia del primer texto autoctono en la materia (VIDAL PERERA, 1907). Aparicion de tesis especificas de psiquiatria infantil.
Current and Future Therapeutic Approaches to Hyperlipidemia

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the rationale for treating patients with elevated cholesterol and/or triglyceride levels and on the major lipid-lowering agents currently available, including their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and clinical trial data. There have been major advances in pharmacologic therapy for dyslipidemic states combined with an explosion in knowledge about the role of lipoproteins in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis. In patients whose dyslipidemia is refractory to pharmacologic monotherapy, a second agent may be necessary to reduce elevated lipid levels. Combination-drug therapy may increase the degree of lipid lowering, reduce cost and side effects, and increase compliance. Combining drugs with synergistic mechanisms of action often allows each drug to be administered at lower dosages. The chapter discusses agents predominantly lowering cholesterol and iglyceride, describes combination-drug therapy, and peeps into future developments in antidyslipidemic therapy. Actions of different agents under each category are illustrated with their mechanism of action, efficacy, side effects and drug interactions, and clinical trials. The advent of the HMG–CoA reductase inhibitors has revolutionized the pharmacologic treatment of dyslipidemia because of the efficacy and tolerability of these agents. Fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, and simva- statin are currently available in the United States. Pharmacologic therapy in patients with dyslipidemia can be tailored to the precise underlying lipid disorder by selecting among drugs with different mechanisms of action.
Whistler turbulence at variable electron beta: Three‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell simulations

(1) Three-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of whistler turbulence at three different initial values ofe are carried out on a collisionless, homogeneous, magnetized plasma model. The simulations begin with an initial ensemble of relatively long-wavelength whistler modes and follow the temporal evolution of the fluctuations as wave-wave interactions lead to a forward cascade into a broadband, turbulent spectrum at shorter wavelengths with a wave vector anisotropy in the sense of k? > k k .H ere? and k denote directions perpendicular and parallel to the background magnetic field, respectively. In addition, wave-particle interactions lead to fluctuating field dissipation and electron heating with a temperature anisotropy in the sense of T k > T?. At early times, the wave-wave cascade dominates energy transport, whereas wave-particle Landau damping dominates at late simulation times. Larger values ofe correspond to a faster forward cascade in wave number and to a faster rate of electron heating, as well as to a less anisotropic wave vector distribution and to a less anisotropic electron velocity distribution.
Baryon Spectroscopy and the Omega Minus

In my talk today, I will mainly discuss baryon resonances with emphasis on the discovery of the Ω-. However, for completeness, I will also present some data on the meson resonances which together with the baryons led to the uncovering of the SU(3) symmetry of particles, and ultimately to the concept of quarks. This period of particle physics was characterized by a strong interplay between theory and experiment. Experiments were numerous and the phenomenology kept pace with the forthcoming results. The early experimental work was performed at cyclotrons, Berkeley, Chicago, Columbia, Carnegie Tech, Rochester, etc., then moving on to the so-called doughnut machines at BNL, LBL, CERN and Cornell. The analysis of the experimental results was greatly aided by the introduction of Lee-Yang test function, Dalitz plots, the Jackson angle, the Treiman-Yang angle, etc. A consequence of this close interaction was the rapid progress in categorizing the large number of meson and baryon resonances. Furthermore, most of the early characterizations were correct; the existence and properties of resonances were validated by later experiments.
The Effect of Online versus Offline Retailer-Brand Image Incongruity on the Flow Experience

Given the importance of retailer-brand image, of particular importance today is how a firm can most successfully manage its image across channels. Studies show that incongruity between online versus offline retailer-brand images can affect consumer attitudes toward a firm’s website. This study extends previous work by incorporating flow, another important construct, into the examination of incongruity between retailer-brand images. The authors find that incongruity negatively and directly affects the flow experience, while also disrupting the effects of a website’s navigation performance on flow. The effects of these variables on attitude toward the websites and revisit intentions are also noted.
Sex, Murder, and the Meaning of Life: A Psychologist Investigates How Evolution, Cognition, and Complexity are Revolutionizing Our View of Human Nature

"Kenrick writes like a dream."-Robert Sapolsky, Professor of Biology and Neurology, Stanford University; author of A Primate's Memoir and Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers What do sex and murder have to do with the meaning of life? Everything. In Sex, Murder, and the Meaning of Life, social psychologist Douglas Kenrick exposes the selfish animalistic underside of human nature, and shows how it is intimately connected to our greatest and most selfless achievements. Masterfully integrating cognitive science, evolutionary psychology, and complexity theory, this intriguing book paints a comprehensive picture of the principles that govern our lives. As Kenrick divulges, beneath our civilized veneer, human beings are a lot like howling hyenas and barking baboons, with heads full of homicidal tendencies and sexual fantasies. But, in his view, many ingrained, apparently irrational behaviors-such as inclinations to one-night stands, racial prejudices, and conspicuous consumption-ultimately manifest what he calls "Deep Rationality." Although our heads are full of simple selfish biases that evolved to help our ancestors survive, modern human beings are anything but simple and selfish cavemen. Kenrick argues that simple and selfish mental mechanisms we inherited from our ancestors ultimately give rise to the multifaceted social lives that we humans lead today, and to the most positive features of humanity, including generosity, artistic creativity, love, and familial bonds. And out of those simple mechanisms emerge all the complexities of society, including international conflicts and global economic markets. By exploring the nuance of social psychology and the surprising results of his own research, Kenrick offers a detailed picture of what makes us caring, creative, and complex-that is, fully human. Illuminated with stories from Kenrick's own colorful experiences -- from his criminally inclined shantytown Irish relatives, his own multiple high school expulsions, broken marriages, and homicidal fantasies, to his eventual success as an evolutionary psychologist and loving father of two boys separated by 26 years -- this book is an exploration of our mental biases and failures, and our mind's great successes. Idiosyncratic, controversial, and fascinating, Sex, Murder, and the Meaning of Life uncovers the pitfalls and promise of our biological inheritance.
Avoidance of polypharmacy and excessive blood pressure control is associated with improved renal function in older patients

AbstractBackground: Elderly patients are particularly susceptible to polypharmacy. The present study evaluated the renal effects of optimizing potentially nephrotoxic medications in an older population. Methods: Retrospective study of patients’ ≥60 years treated between January of 2013 and February of 2015 in a Nephrology Clinic. The renal effect of avoiding polypharmacy was studied. Results: Sixty-one patients were studied. Median age was 81 years (range 60–94). Twenty-five patients (41%) were male. NSAIDs alone were stopped in seven patients (11.4%), a dose reduction in antihypertensives was done in 11 patients (18%), one or more antihypertensives were discontinued in 20 patients (32.7%) and discontinuation and dose reduction of multiple medications was carried out in 23 patients (37.7%). The number of antihypertensives was reduced from a median of 3 (range of 0–8) at baseline to a median of 2 (range 0–7), p < 0.001 after intervention. After intervention, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) improved si...
Conduction Disturbances Associated with Administration of Butyrophenone Antipsychotics in the Critically Ill: A Review of the Literature

Droperidol and haloperidol have demonstrated efficacy and safety in the treatment of acute delirium in critically ill patients. We conducted MEDLINE and manual searches of literature published from 1966-1996 to identify articles describing conduction disturbances associated with the drugs. The objectives were to describe the proposed mechanisms of acquired long QTc interval syndrome and torsades de pointes, and to recommend how critically ill patients receiving these agents should be monitored. We found 11 published reports of conduction disturbances associated with intravenous administration of droperidol or haloperidol. The majority of cases occurred in critically ill patients prescribed more than 50 mg/24 hours of either agent. Of the 18 patients described, 13 (72%) had a history of cardiovascular disease. Based on the small number of available case reports, it seems reasonable to suggest that the incidence of adverse cardiovascular effects due to droperidol and haloperidol is small. The mechanism of butyrophenone-induced QTc interval prolongation is not known, but is presumed to involve abnormal ventricular repolarization and the development of early after-depolarizations. Before initiating therapy with droperidol or haloperidol in critically ill patients, a baseline QTc interval and serum magnesium and potassium concentrations should be measured. If the baseline QTc interval is 440 msec or longer, and they are receiving other drugs that may prolong the QTc interval or they have electrolyte disturbances, a butyrophenone antipsychotic should be prescribed with caution. All critically ill patients receiving droperidol or haloperidol should undergo electrocardiogram monitoring and QTc interval measurement; special attention should be given to those receiving doses greater than 50 mg/24 hours, as these patients appear to be at greatest risk for development of conduction disturbances. Based on the currently available literature, in any critically ill patient receiving droperidol or haloperidol therapy whose QTc interval lengthens by 25% or more over baseline, therapy should be discontinued or the dosage reduced.
Disease-Specific Knowledge, Coping, and Adherence in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Little is known about the effects of disease-related education and knowledge in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The limited available research on this topic suggests there may be potential benefits to disease-related patient education. We hypothesized that individuals with greater IBD knowledge would have more coping strategies and higher medication adherence. A total of 111 adults with IBD residing in the United States were recruited online by convenience sampling from IBD support group forums. IBD knowledge, coping, and medication adherence were assessed using standardized questionnaires. Data on seventeen clinico-demographic variables were also collected. A Pearson correlation was conducted to examine the relationship between IBD knowledge and use of coping strategies and also between IBD knowledge and medication adherence. Multivariate regression and one-way ANOVA tests were used to assess the continuous and categorical clinico-demographic variables, respectively, for potential confounding. A significant positive association was found between greater IBD knowledge and active coping scores (r = 0.189, P = 0.024), instrumental support scores (r = 0.160, P = 0.047), planning scores (r = 0.159, P = 0.048), and emotional support scores (r = 0.159, P = 0.048). A relationship between knowledge and adherence score was not found. Significant relationships were found between four clinico-demographic variables and coping. Greater IBD knowledge appears to be associated with the use of more adaptive coping strategies in patients with IBD, suggesting that providing disease-related patient education may enhance coping in this population. Future studies should explore the utility of formal disease-related patient education in improving these and other outcomes.
Effectiveness of chromium in atypical depression: a placebo-controlled trial.

Abstract Background Chromium picolinate (CP) has been reported to benefit patients with symptoms of atypical depression. Methods A placebo-controlled, double-blind, pilot study of CP was conducted in 15 patients with DSM-IV major depressive disorder, atypical type. Patients received 600 μg of CP or matching placebo (PBO) for 8 weeks. Results Seven (70%) CP and zero (0%) PBO patients met responder criteria (p = .02). Other outcomes were consistent with greater effect of CP. Three patients on CP failed to show any improvement. Chromium picolinate was well tolerated. Conclusions Chromium picolinate shows promising antidepressant effects in atypical depression. Its mechanism of action may relate to 5HT2A downregulation, increased insulin sensitivity, or to other effects.
Identification and quantification of potent odorants in regular-fat and low-fat mild Cheddar cheese

The potent odorants of regular-fat and low-fat Cheddar cheese were systematically characterized by aroma extract dilution analysis and gas chromatography/olfactometry of static headspace samples. Quantification of nine odorants using stable isotopes as the internal standards and calculation of odor activity values revealed methional, 2(5)-ethyl-5(2)-methyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (homofuraneol), diacetyl, acetic acid, and butyric acid as odorants with high aroma impact. Among the highly volatile compounds, the role of methanethiol and dimethyl sulfide for the nasal perception of the cheese flavor was established. The low-fat Cheddar cheese had a meaty-brothy odor defect that is believed to be caused by significantly higher amounts of 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (Furaneol), homofuraneol, and methional in this cheese. Keywords: Cheddar cheese; regular fat; low fat; AEDA; static headspace; odor activity value