cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Embodied design: constructing means for constructing meaning

Design-based research studies are conducted as iterative implementation- analysis-modification cycles, in which emerging theoretical models and pedagogically plausible activities are reciprocally tuned toward each other as a means of investigating conjectures pertaining to mechanisms underlying content teaching and learning. Yet this approach, even when resulting in empirically effective educational products, remains under- conceptualized as long as researchers cannot be explicit about their craft and specifically how data analyses inform design decisions. Consequentially, design decisions may appear arbitrary, design methodology is insufficiently documented for broad dissemination, and design practice is inadequately conversant with learning-sciences perspectives. One reason for this apparent under-theorizing, I propose, is that designers do not have appropriate constructs to formulate and reflect on their own intuitive responses to students' observed interactions with the media under development. Recent socio-cultural explication of epistemic artifacts as semiotic means for mathematical learners to objectify presymbolic notions (e.g., Radford, Mathematical Thinking and Learning 5(1): 37-70, 2003) may offer design-based researchers intellectual perspectives and analytic tools for theorizing design improvements as responses to participants' compromised attempts to build and communi- cate meaning with available media. By explaining these media as potential semiotic means for students to objectify their emerging understandings of mathematical ideas, designers, reciprocally, create semiotic means to objectify their own intuitive design decisions, as they build and improve these media. Examining three case studies of undergraduate students reasoning about a simple probability situation (binomial), I demonstrate how the semiotic approach illuminates the process and content of student reasoning and, so doing, explicates and possibly enhances design-based research methodology.
Are salespeople born or made? Biology, personality, and the career satisfaction of salespeople

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between personality traits and both job and career satisfaction among salespeople. The authors also wished to examine the extent to which biologically based personality traits provided insights into job and career satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – The authors used latent profile analysis (LPA) to assess a sample of 299 salespeople along the dimensions of emotional stability, extraversion, work drive, teamwork orientation, customer service orientation, optimism and both job and career satisfaction. Findings – The findings revealed two distinct groups, and these groups were markedly different along the biologically based traits of optimism, extraversion, emotional stability and along both job and career satisfaction. The differences across these groups were especially pronounced for career satisfaction. Practical implications – Our findings suggest that firms might wish to devote limited resources to improving the skill sets of...
Late Precambrian Evolution of Afro-Arabian Crust from Ocean Arc to Craton

Large parts of northeast Africa and Saudi Arabia consist of a telescoped, Proterozoic island-arc ocean-basin complex less than 1 b.y. old. In the central Eastern Desert of Egypt, the oldest units in the complex are a mafic and ultramafic sequence representing an oceanic substrate. Concentrations of elements in constituent rocks least altered by metamorphism, including Cr, Ni, Ti, and REE in the ultramafic rocks and pillow basalts, are essentially those found in similar rocks of contemporary oceanic crust. Thick sequences of calc-alkaline volcanic rocks and related volcanogenic metasediments, including wackes, breccias, and banded iron formations, overlie the oceanic substrate. The andesitic volcanic rocks are similar to those in modern circum-Pacific island arcs, although amounts of Cr and Ni tend to be higher. Rare cobble beds in the metasediments in the Eastern Desert of Eygpt contain granitic and quartzitic clasts derived from old Proterozoic and Archean forelands, presumably those exposed west of the Nile River. Stratiform ultramafic sills as much as 1 km thick, as well as thinner gabbroic sheets, are intruded as magmas within the metasediments. The composition of the ultramafic sills approximates that of basaltic komatiites. In eastern Egypt, granitic plutons, ranging from syntectonic quartz diorites to a post-tectonic flood of LIL-enriched granite emplaced 550 to 570 m.y. B.P. partly engulf and surround much of the ocean-arc complex. Age studies suggest that the Egyptian segment of the ocean-arc complex could have evolved, been telescoped, and intruded by progressively more voluminous and fractionated granitic rocks between about 550 and 850 m.y. B.P. In southwest Saudi Arabia, limited radiometric data obtained by the U.S. Geological Survey suggest that these processes may have begun slightly earlier. Both the volcanic rocks within the complex and the granitic rocks intrusive into it have low initial ratios of Sr87/Sr86 (< 0.704), suggestive of a mantle origin. There is no evidence of older sialic roots beneath the complex.
Comparing Conformational Ensembles Using the Kullback-Leibler Divergence Expansion

We present a thermodynamical approach to identify changes in macromolecular structure and dynamics in response to perturbations such as mutations or ligand binding, using an expansion of the Kullback–Leibler Divergence that connects local population shifts in torsion angles to changes in the free energy landscape of the protein. While the Kullback–Leibler Divergence is a known formula from information theory, the novelty and power of our implementation lies in its formal developments, connection to thermodynamics, statistical filtering, ease of visualization of results, and extendability by adding higher-order terms. We present a formal derivation of the Kullback–Leibler Divergence expansion and then apply our method at a first-order approximation to molecular dynamics simulations of four protein systems where ligand binding or pH titration is known to cause an effect at a distant site. Our results qualitatively agree with experimental measurements of local changes in structure or dynamics, such as NMR ch...
Internal reconstruction in Chulupí (Nivaclé)

This paper is about internal reconstruction and the history of Chulupi, a Matacoan language of Argentina and Paraguay. We apply internal reconstruction and postulate several sound changes in the history of Chulupi. We bring the results of this internal reconstruction to bear on external comparisons based on cognates in other Matacoan languages, and in this way we check the validity of the internal reconstruction and contribute to aspects of Matacoan historical linguistics. We discuss some methodological implications for internal reconstruction in general and its relationship to the comparative method.
An Exploration of Forest-to-String Translation: Does Translation Help or Hurt Parsing?

Syntax-based translation models that operate on the output of a source-language parser have been shown to perform better if allowed to choose from a set of possible parses. In this paper, we investigate whether this is because it allows the translation stage to overcome parser errors or to override the syntactic structure itself. We find that it is primarily the latter, but that under the right conditions, the translation stage does correct parser errors, improving parsing accuracy on the Chinese Treebank.
Teaching Economics: More Alternatives to Chalk and Talk

Teaching Economics: More Alternatives to Chalk and Talk, edited by William E. Becker, Michael Watts, and Suzanne R. Becker, is a sequel to an earlier work produced by Becker and Watts (1998) on the...
Image-based dynamic modeling of thermal therapies using proper orthogonal decomposition of magnetic resonance thermometry images

Planning and model-based control of noninvasive thermal therapies require thermal response and power deposition models of the target, which are site- and patient-specific. In this paper, we propose an image-based approach to the identification of low-dimensional model of noninvasive thermal treatments using MRI temperature imaging. The models of thermal response and specific absorption rate (SAR) of noninvasively transduced energy by the target and the surrounding normal tissue are identified in the reduced basis of proper orthogonal decomposition of thermal images. The developed methods are less sensitive to temporal and spatial noises in image data, slow image acquisition rate, and are suitable for adaptive model re-identification by recursively utilizing newly acquired images. The proposed concepts and developed methods are tested using the results of MR thermal imaging experiments with tissue phantom noninvasively heated by focused ultrasound.
The Recognition And Significance Of The Vanishing Twin

With the advent of sonography, a twin pregnancy may be diagnosed in early gestation. Se­ rial sonographic examinations can show the disap­ pearance of one of two twins. We offer evidence of an early twin pregnancy with a "vanishing twin," re­ sulting in a liveborn singleton plus a fetus papyra­ ceus. There is an increasing body of information about explanations, management, and complications associated with a multiple gestation and fetal death. The rate of multiple gestation is being redefined since the advent of sonography. It is now well known that more twins are lost in early pregnancy than previously believed and that many appar­ ently singleton pregnancies began as a twin preg­ nancy. A review of the literature by Landy, et al. noted that the simultaneous occurrence of a fetus papyraceus and a live twin is extremely rare and reported to be 1: 12,000 live births. I In this re­ port, we present a case of a twin gestation result­ ing in the birth of a healthy singleton and a fetus papyraceus. Fetus papyraceus is defined as the fetal death of one fetus in a twin pregnancy, with compression of the blighted twin by the growth of the living twin. The result is a flattened body resembling parchment. Serial sonographic examinations al­ lowed the course of this pregnancy to be followed. Had the original sonogram not been done, the twin pregnancy could have been missed. Knowl­ edgeable management of such pregnancies is of increasing importance.
Recent Advances in Carrier-Mediated Intestinal Absorption of Water-Soluble Vitamins

Significant progress has been made in recent years toward understanding the mechanisms and regulation of intestinal absorption of water-soluble vitamins from the diet, especially those that are transported by a specialized carrier-mediated mechanism (i.e., ascorbic acid, biotin, folate, riboflavin, thiamin, and pyridoxine). The driving force involved in the uptake events and the molecular identity of the systems involved have been identified for a number of these vitamins. In addition, information about regulation of the uptake process of these micronutrients by intracellular and extracellular factors has been forthcoming. Furthermore, the 5' regulatory region of the genes that encode a number of these transporters has been characterized, thus providing information about transcriptional regulation of the transport events. Also of interest is the identification of existence of carrier-mediated mechanisms in human colonocytes that are capable of absorbing some of the vitamins that are synthesized by normal microflora of the large intestine. Although the contribution of the latter source of vitamins toward overall host nutrition is not clear and requires further investigations, it is highly likely that it does contribute toward the cellular homeostasis of these vitamins in the localized colonocytes.
Pfaff's method (I): the Mills-Robbins-Rumsey determinant

Abstract A new evaluation of det i+j+x 2i−j 0⩽1,j⩽n−1 is provided. The method of proof is inspired by the work of Pfaff. The proof hinges on the summation of many new balanced 5F4 hypergeometric series.
The Salamanders Eurycea longicauda and Plethodon glutinosus in Gregorys Cave, TN: Monitoring and Observations on Ecology and Natural History

Monthly surveys were conducted in Gregorys Cave, Great Smoky Moun- tains National Park, for one year using systematic, repeatable methods to quantify the distribution and abundance of the salamanders Eurycea longicauda and Plethodon glutinosus. Information was gathered regarding larval development of E. longicauda in cave pools, as well as the occurrence of young P. glutinosus. Salamanders were most commonly encountered during spring and late summer from the entrance gate to 50 m inside the cave. Both species were found deepest in the cave during late summer-early fall and late winter-early spring. Young P. glutinosus and recently transformed E. longicauda were observed during late winter and early spring be- tween 50 and 80 m inside the cave. Additional study is required to further understand the timing and frequency of metamorphosis of larval E. longicauda in cave pools.
Circumstance and outcome of ocular paintball injuries.

PURPOSE: To determine the circumstance and outcome of ocular injuries attributable to paintball projectiles. DESIGN: Retrospective interventional case series. METHODS: Institutional review board approved retrospective chart review of 19 consecutive eyes with paintball injuries with minimum follow-up of 3 months. RESULTS: Ten eyes (53%) had final visual acuity of 20/40 or better, while seven (36%) were 20/200 or worse. Ten eyes were injured in paintball games, (two formal and eight informal), while nine (47%) were injured by accidents or assaults not associated with any "game." CONCLUSIONS: Paintball injuries often cause severe and permanent visual loss. Nearly half of these injuries occur outside a war game setting as accidents or assaults.
Selected Literature Exploring the Effectiveness of a Sensory-Based Approach to the Treatment of Autism

Available literature discussing the application of sensory-based intervention strategies by occupational and physical therapists with children with autism spectrum disorders is reviewed. The information is grouped into three categories according to emphasis and purpose of the articles: application of sensory-based theory, effect of vestibular input on verbalizations, and single case reports. Few of the available articles provide sufficient data to argue for or against the effectiveness of sensory-based intervention with this challenging population. Further research is needed in this area using well-designed studies with appropriate sample sizes and controls.
Live and processing performance of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with complexed zinc

SUMMARY In this study, the influence of complexed Zn (C-Zn) supplementation on live performance (BW, feed conversion, and mortality), skin quality (incidence of sores, scabs, and scratches; footpad dermatitis), processing yields, and meat quality of broiler chickens was assessed at 49 d of age. A total of 1,440 male broilers were assigned to 3 dietary treatments: 1) an inorganic Zn control diet (IC; 80 ppm of ZnSO4), 2) 40 ppm of ZnSO4 in the IC diet replaced with C-Zn (IC-C-Zn), and 3) an additional 40 ppm of C-Zn added on top of the IC diet (IC+C-Zn). Each treatment was provided in a 3-stage feeding program. Body weight and feed conversion were significantly (P 0.05) due to dietary treatments. Inclusion level and source of dietary Zn had a significant influence on broiler live and processing performance in this study.
A comparison of theoretical and empirical evaluations of the Borda Compromise

The Borda Compromise states that, if one has to choose among five popular voting rules that are not Condorcet consistent, one should always give preference to the Borda rule over the four other rules. We assess the theoretical as well as the empirical support for the Borda Compromise. We find that, despite considerable differences between the properties of the theoretical framework and the characteristics of two sets of observed ranking data, all three analyses provide considerable support for the Borda Compromise.
Bacterial proteomics and its role in antibacterial drug discovery

Gene-expression profiling technologies in general, and proteomic technologies in particular have proven extremely useful to study the physiological response of bacterial cells to various environmental stress conditions. Complex protein toolkits coordinated by sophisticated regulatory networks have evolved to accommodate bacterial survival under ever-present stress conditions such as varying temperatures, nutrient availability, or antibiotics produced by other microorganisms that compete for habitat. In the last decades, application of man-made antibacterial agents resulted in additional bacterial exposure to antibiotic stress. Whereas the targeted use of antibiotics has remarkably reduced human suffering from infectious diseases, the ever-increasing emergence of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics has led to an urgent need for novel antibiotic strategies. The intent of this review is to present an overview of the major achievements of proteomic approaches to study adaptation networks that are crucial for bacterial survival with a special emphasis on the stress induced by antibiotic treatment. A further focus will be the review of the, so far few, published efforts to exploit the knowledge derived from bacterial proteomic studies directly for the antibacterial drug-discovery process.
Simulation and optimization for construction repetitive projects using promodel and SimRunner

We introduce a new approach, called Relative Start and Idle Time (RSIT), to solve probabilistic scheduling problems of construction repetitive projects. RSIT is a process of determining a range of input variables and employing optimization through simulation to solve scheduling problems. RSIT reduces the modeler?s effort because it does not heavily rely on manual trial-and-error. The two primary advantages of this approach are: (1) it does not require additional solving algorithm code and (2) it does not impose unnecessary limitations on the simulation model in order to solve the scheduling problem. The new approach is presented in detail and applied to a real past repetitive project of four four-story buildings. Results from RSIT are evaluated and compared to the results from a deterministic approach. The example is modeled in Pro-Model and optimized in SimRunner.
The Viral Latency-Associated Nuclear Antigen Augments the B-Cell Response to Antigen In Vivo

Gammaherpesviruses, including Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), establish latency in B cells. We hypothesized that the KSHV latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA/orf73) provides a selective advantage to infected B cells by driving proliferation in response to antigen. To test this, we used LANA B-cell transgenic mice. Eight days after immunization with antigen without adjuvant, LANA mice had significantly more activated germinal center (GC) B cells (CD19 + PNA + CD71 + ) than controls. This was dependent upon B-cell receptor since LANA did not restore the GC defect of CD19 knockout mice. However, LANA was able to restore the marginal zone defect in CD19 knockout mice.
Inhibition of cyclic nucleotide accumulation following hippocampal tetanic potentiation: effects of diazepam.

Biochemical studies on the hippocampus of acutely prepared rabbits revealed more than two fold increases in cyclic GMP levels following tetanic potentiation of the pathway from the medial septal region to CA1 pyramidal cells. Diazepam, administered intravenously, prevented the elevation in cyclic GMP levels in this region and also attenuated the post-tetanic potentiation seen following the presentation of trains at frequencies within theta rhythm. The results imply a modulatory role for cyclic nucleotides in the enhancement of pyramidal cell excitability and suggest that the biochemical mechanism for the psychoactive benzodiazepines may well include the suppression of cyclic GMP levels.
Developmental Changes in Threat and Self-Blame for Preschoolers Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence (IPV):

The presence of threat and self-blame in children exposed to violence in the home has been linked to a number of negative behavioral and emotional consequences across developmental periods. Little research, however, has examined self-reported attributions of threat and self-blame in children under the age of 6. The current study evaluated the developmental trajectories of appraisals of threat and self-blame in preschool-aged children recently exposed to intimate partner violence. It was hypothesized that (a) children’s appraisals of threat and self-blame would naturally decrease over time and (b) there would be a main effect of child sex on appraisals of self-blame but not threat, such that girls would report higher levels of self-blame than boys. Participants included 68 preschool-aged children (ages 4-6) who were interviewed at two time points over the course of 1 year. Multilevel modeling was employed to examine the effects of violence exposure, child age, and child sex over time. Children’s attributio...
Trends and patterns in height and weight status of low-income U.S. children.

Abstract To better define the trends and patterns of growth for low‐income children, we studied the anthropometry data collected by the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) and the CDC Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System (PNSS). Based on NHANES II, we found that low‐income children appear to have a greater prevalence of shortness (low height‐for‐age), but do not have a greater prevalence of overweight (high weight‐for‐height) when compared with children from higher income families. Based on 12 states that were monitored continuously by the PNSS from 1980 to 1989, low‐income children under 5 years of age appear to have a stable trend of height and weight status, with the exception of Asian children, most of whom were from Southeast Asian refugee background, showed a dramatic improvement in height status. However, based on PNSS data for the years 1977 to 1990 from Louisiana and Michigan, school‐aged children and adolescents appear to have become slightly taller as well as ...
Pneumonic Plague: The Darker Side of Yersinia pestis

Inhalation of the bacterium Yersinia pestis results in primary pneumonic plague. Pneumonic plague is the most severe manifestation of plague, with mortality rates approaching 100% in the absence of treatment. Its rapid disease progression, lethality, and ability to be transmitted via aerosol have compounded fears of the intentional release of Y. pestis as a biological weapon. Importantly, recent epidemics of plague have highlighted a significant role for pneumonic plague during outbreaks of Y. pestis infections. In this review we describe the characteristics of pneumonic plague, focusing on its disease progression and pathogenesis. The rapid time-course, severity, and difficulty of treating pneumonic plague highlight how differences in the route of disease transmission can enhance the lethality of an already deadly pathogen.
Language and Compiler Support for Parallel I/O

This paper addresses the problem of performing parallel input-output in data parallel computations. Specifically, we present language support (as extensions to HPF), and initial compiler implementation in the Fortran90D/HPF compiler for distributed memory machines. In this paper we only address the problem of reading and writing data in parallel. We suggest a set of compiler directives for parallel I/O which can be used in addition to standard HPF directives. The runtime primitives along with the compiler directives provide a common I/O platform for parallel languages like HPF.
Size, Distribution, and Significance of Capitular Plates in Octolasmis (Cirripedia: Poecilasmatidae)

ABSTRACT All adult Octolasmis live permanently fixed to animate hosts by a basal attachment disc. The peduncle connects the disc to the plated capitulum. The area of the capitular plates and the capitular perimeter bordered by plates is assessed for 28 species of Octolasmis. A hypothesis that the species of Octolasmis that live inside decapod gill chambers will have smaller, more variable plates than those species that live on the exposed external surface of their hosts is articulated and tested. The data support the hypothesis under general conditions and also reveal an array of special circumstances suggesting that several aspects of host morphology and habits may also impact on the intensity of selection on capitular plate size and distribution.
Amino Acid-Functionalized Ionic Liquid Solid Sorbents for Post-Combustion Carbon Capture

Amino acid ionic liquids (AAILs) are potential green substitutes of aqueous amine solutions for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture. However, the viscous nature of AAILs greatly hinders their further development in CO2 capture applications. In this contribution, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium lysine ([EMIM][Lys]) was synthesized and immobilized into a porous poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microsphere support for post-combustion CO2 capture. The [EMIM][Lys] exhibited good thermal stability and could be facilely immobilized into porous microspheres. Significantly, the [EMIM][Lys]–PMMA sorbents retained their porous structure after [EMIM][Lys] loading and exhibited fast kinetics. When exposed to CO2 at 40 °C, [EMIM][Lys]–PMMA sorbent exhibited the highest CO2 capacity compared to other counterparts studied and achieved a capacity of 0.87 mol/(mol AAIL) or 1.67 mmol/(g sorbent). The capture process may be characterized by two stages: CO2 adsorption on the surface of sorbent and CO2 diffusion into sorbent for further ...
Rethinking the Other Woman: Exploring Power in Intimate Heterosexual Triangular Relationships

ABSTRACTThis article challenges disempowering stereotypes about Other Women by investigating how they negotiate power in imbalanced romantic relationships. This study defines an Other Woman as a woman who engages in a sexual relationship with a man who is in a committed sexual relationship with an Initial Woman. In these instances, a man’s infidelity can be characterized as a form of interpersonal power whereby he controls the rewards and costs the women involved with him experience. Employing an interpretive description methodology, this qualitative essay analyzes 35 narratives to consider how Other Women respond to men’s infidelity as interpersonal power by realizing their personal power. An exploration of Other Woman interaction with the symbolic “me,” “him,” “her,” and “us” components of an affair reveals underrepresented personal empowerment strategies Other Women use, including (a) increased self-concept, (b) prioritized pleasure, and (c) acknowledged personal growth.
Tolerance and Natural Law

Although the practice of tolerance might appear to be endangered by the natural law, closer consideration shows that it is grounded in the natural law. By analysis we find that tolerance is a virtue of the Aristotelian type, founded on the two great pillars of right judgment in the protection of greater ends against lesser ends, and right judgment in the protection of ends against mistaken means, with the second being the more fundamental. While this analysis is new, the insights that it elaborates are old, as can be seen through consideration of the four different ways in which the medieval natural law thinker Thomas Aguinas qualified the classical idea that the purpose of law is to make men good. We conclude that although the natural law does generate a doctrine of tolerance, it does not produce a liberal doctrine of tolerance. That is, it is not based on neutrality, skepticism, abstract subjective rights, or a harm principle, whether of the generic of the John Stuart Millian variety.
Genotype analysis of Hantavirus carried by the rodents in Changchun city

Objective To study the genotypes of the Hantavirus carried by the rodents in Changchun city.Methods Ratlung samples were collected in Changchun areas, and Hantavirus antigens in rat lungs were detected by immunofluorescence assay. The S gene fragment in HV-positive samples were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. The gene sequences were analyzed by using DNAman software and Mega 6.0 software.Results In this study, 100 Rattus norvegicus were captured in Changchun areas, of which 3(3.0%) samples were positive for HV antigen. The S gene fragment of 3 strains were amplified from 3 positive samples. Homology analysis indicated that the nucleotide homology from thethree S segment sequences was 100%, while that to other SEOV nucleotide homology was 95.4%-100%. All the 3 strainswere SEOV. Phylogenesis analysis showed that the 3 strains were in the same group on the phylogenetic tree, which belonged to S3 sub-genotype.Conclusion The study shows that the Hantavirus carried by R. norvegicus in Changchuncity was SEOV, the sub-genotype SEOV-3.
Extraction technique and evolution of carbides in serviced T91 steel

Carbide particles in T91 steel after service for different time were obtained by electrolytic extraction method and their phase,amount,morphology and composition were analyzed by SEM,XRD and EDS.The results show that the carbides in T91 steel exist mainly in two forms: M23C6,which is the majority,and MX.With increasing service time,the M23C6 carbides coarsen gradually along grain-boundary,while the MX carbides are relatively stable.No significant increase of size and amount of MC carbides are observed in the T91 steel even after service for 105296 hours.Morphologically,the initial rod-like carbides are spheroidized gradually.Mo,Cr,V in solid solution diffuse into M23C6,which leads to the increase of Mo,Cr,V and the decrease of Fe in the carbides as service time increases.
Sexual Harassment and Discrimination Experiences of Academic Medical Faculty.

This survey study of recent National Institutes of Health career development (K) award recipients assessed the proportion who reported gender bias and advantage and sexual harrassment in their professional careers.
Phenformin combines with selumetinib in targeting KRAS mutant non-small cell lung cancer cells with alternative LKB1 status.

2589 Background: Combining with docetaxel, the MEK inhibitor selumetinib holds the promise in treating KRAS mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, a previous co-clinical trial based on genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) suggested that concomitant loss of LKB1 might confer primary resistance. Since LKB1 inactivation was recently shown to sensitize NSCLC cells to the metabolism drug phenformin, which may also activate AMPK in LKB1 wild-type NSCLC, we therefore investigated whether phenformin could enhance the therapeutic effect of selumetinib in KRAS mutant NSCLC with different status of LKB1. Methods: NSCLC cell lines harboring RAS/RAF mutations that were tested with selumetinib were identified from literature to study the correlation of LKB1 status with selumetinib sensitivity. Then, the isogenic derivatives of A549 cell line namely A549LKB1 (stably expressing wild-type LKB1) and A549pBabe (empty vector, LKB1 deficient) were used for actual studies of selumetinib, phenformin, their com...
I'd Do Anything for Research, But I Won't Do That: Interest in Pharmacological Interventions in Older Adults Enrolled in a Longitudinal Aging Study.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) ranks as the 6th leading cause of death in the United States, yet unlike other diseases in this category, there are no disease-modifying medications for AD. Currently there is significant interest in exploring the benefits of pharmacological treatment before the onset of dementia (e.g., in those with mild cognitive impairment); however, recruitment for such studies is challenging. The current study examined interest in pharmacological intervention trials relative to other types of clinical interventions. A total of 67 non-demented older adults enrolled in a longitudinal cognitive aging study completed a questionnaire assessing interest in participating in a variety of hypothetical research study designs. Consistent with past research, results showed that the opportunities for participants to advance science, receive feedback about their current health, and help themselves or others, were associated with increased interest in clinical trial participation. Some factors were not associated with change in interest (e.g., a doctor not recommending participation) while others were associated with decreased interest (e.g., having to come in for multiple visits each week). Relative to other types of interventions, pharmacological intervention trials were associated with the least interest in participation, despite pharmacological interventions being rated as more likely to result in AD treatment. Decreased interest was not predicted by subjective memory concerns, number of current medications, cardiovascular risk, or beliefs about the likely success of pharmacological treatments. These results highlight the challenges faced by researchers investigating pharmacological treatments in non-demented older individuals, and suggest future research could contribute to more effective ways of recruiting participants in AD-related clinical trials.
Electric field distributions in TEM waveguides versus frequency

This paper addresses the behavior of a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) waveguide operated at frequencies centered around its intended design frequency. A boundary condition analysis leads to an eigenvalue formulation, which is used to determine closed-form expressions for the electromagnetic field distributions within the TEM waveguide. Measurements of electric field magnitudes at several different operating frequencies confirm the analysis. The results presented here illustrate the significant effect of frequency variation on the operation of TEM waveguides.
Dynamic response of composite cylinders subjected to a moving internal pressure

The dynamic response of a composite cylinder subjected to a moving pressure is investigated. The flexural wave in the wall of cylinder is modeled using both closed form analytic and finite element methods. Results indicate that very high amplitude and high frequency strains are induced in the cylinder at the instant and location of pressure front passage as the velocity of pressure front approaches the propagation velocity of the flexural wave. The dynamic amplification effects are especially critical for overwrapped composite cylinders because of the multi-material construction. anisotropy of material properties, thermal degradation of material properties. and the design goals inherent in lightweight structures applications.
Lasers, chaos and bow-ties

Since the invention of the laser nearly 40 years ago, there has been an inexorable trend towards creating devices that are smaller, more efficient and tunable over a wider range of wavelengths. This has been achieved through continuous improvements in the three principal building blocks of the laser – an active medium that provides amplification, a pump that serves as the source of energy and a resonator that provides feedback. In the latest advance, researchers from Lucent Technologies and Yale University in the US, and the Max Planck Institute for the physics of complex systems in Dresden, Germany, have tackled the limitations imposed by laser resonators in a fresh and effective way (C Gmachl et al. 1998 Science 280 1556). They have obtained strong beams of laser light from microdisk lasers, which were previously only able to produce weak laser emission.
An Incendiary Issue: Avoiding Operating Room Fires

Operating room fires continue to occur despite publications and media attention. Two typical cases of fires during surgery and how they could have been prevented are provided. The fire triad is reviewed, and recommendations for avoiding operating room fires and advisories for what to do if a fire does occur are provided.
Prostate Cancer Epidemiology

Incidence Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin cancer diagnosed among American males, affecting roughly one in six men (16.15%) over the course of their lifetime. Prostate cancer is also the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in American men. According to the most recent data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, an estimated 241 740 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer and over 28 000 died of it in the United States in 2012 [1]. The incidence of prostate cancer spiked in the United States in the early 1990s because of the advent of more aggressive prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening [2]. This was followed by a sharp decline from 1992 to 1995 during which incidence rates returned to a new baseline which remained approximately two and a half times the pre-PSA era rate, likely due to the fact that increased screening in prior years had successfully diagnosed much of the previously undetected prostate cancer patients in the population.
Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized controlled trial

Background:Clinically significant anxiety and depression are common in patients with cancer, and are associated with poor psychiatric and medical outcomes. Historical and recent research suggests a...
Starving for a drink: Sexual objectification is associated with food-restricted alcohol consumption among college women, but not among men.

ABSTRACTInterpersonal sexual objectification, or being treated as an object by others, is linked to poorer body image and, in turn, engagement in weight management behaviors that promote conformity to unrealistic appearance standards while simultaneously undermining health. Although these associations emerge consistently among women, the evidence has been less clear among men. The present study introduced a novel weight control behavior, food-restricted alcohol consumption (i.e., limiting food intake prior to alcohol consumption), and examined whether sexual objectification was associated with this phenomenon and whether this association differed among women and men. During the fall of 2012 and the spring of 2013, 410 undergraduates reported how often they felt objectified by others and restricted what they ate before drinking alcohol in the past month. Controlling for past drinking, sexual objectification was significantly and positively associated with food-restricted alcohol consumption for women; howe...
Mapping of pain circuitry in early post-natal development using manganese-enhanced MRI in rats

Premature or ill full-term infants are subject to a number of noxious procedures as part of their necessary medical care. Although we know that human infants show neural changes in response to such procedures, we know little of the sensory or affective brain circuitry activated by pain. In rodent models, the focus has been on spinal cord and, more recently, midbrain and medulla. The present study assesses activation of brain circuits using manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI). Uptake of manganese, a paramagnetic contrast agent that is transported across active synapses and along axons, was measured in response to a hindpaw injection of dilute formalin in 12-day-old rat pups, the age at which rats begin to show aversion learning and which is roughly the equivalent of full-term human infants. Formalin induced the oft-reported biphasic response at this age and induced a conditioned aversion to cues associated with its injection, thus demonstrating the aversiveness of the stimulation. Morphometric analyses, structural equation modeling and co-expression analysis showed that limbic and sensory paths were activated, the most prominent of which were the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, hypothalamus, several brainstem structures, and the cerebellum. Therefore, both sensory and affective circuits, which are activated by pain in the adult, can also be activated by noxious stimulation in 12-day-old rat pups.
Synthesis, Integration, and Transcription of the Retroviral Provirus

The RNA genome of a retrovirus is copied into DNA by the viral enzyme, RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, and the DNA copy of the retrovirus genome is inserted into one of the host’s chromosomes. This DNA copy, called a provirus, is transcribed into RNA by host enzymes, giving rise to both viral genomic RNA and viral messenger RNA.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver is Contributing to the Increase in Cases of Liver Disease in US Emergency Departments.

Goals/Background:We aimed to assess temporal changes in the different types of liver disease (LD) cases and outcomes from emergency departments (EDs) across the United States.Study:We used data from the National Inpatient Survey database from 2005 to 2011. The International Classification of Disease
Abusive Males and Abused Females in Adolescent Relationships: Risk Factor Similarity and Dissimilarity and the Role of Relationship Seriousness

This study examines male-to-female physical abuse within adolescent relationships. Analyses use data describing 603 opposite sex relationships reported during Wave II of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) matched with data on the individual characteristics of both the reporting females and their male partners from Wave I. In addition to the occurrence of physical abuse, relationship data included information on the seriousness of the relationships. Female and male participants' scores on 14 individual-level variables were used to predict abuse. The first set of analysis found that male-to-female abuse was predicted by 6 individual characteristics of males and 6 individual characteristics of females. Only one of these characteristics, grade point average (GPA), was a significant predictor of the occurrence of male-to-female abuse for both male and female relationship participants. The other characteristics were each only predictive for either males—Verbal IQ, Fighting, Attitudes About Sex and Relationships, and Past Sexual Behavior, or females—Mother Relationship, School Attachment, Drinking Behaviors, and Depression. Analyses also revealed that associations between different individual-level characteristics and relationship abuse were dependant on relationship seriousness. These findings suggest that relationship seriousness, which did not itself predict abuse, may act as a catalyst for the influence of some individual-level characteristics on the occurrence of abuse in relationships.
Clinical Indications for Radiographic Evaluation of Blunt Renal Trauma

AbstractThe evaluation of patients with blunt renal trauma has become controversial. We tested the hypothesis that renal contusion can be diagnosed clinically and that these patients do not require radiographic evaluation. To evaluate the association of microhematuria without shock and with renal contusion, we reviewed the medical records of 831 patients with hematuria following blunt renal trauma. Microscopic hematuria without shock was noted in 160 of 241 patients without and 334 of 590 with associated injuries. Of the former 160 patients 159 had renal contusion and 1 had a renal laceration, while of the latter 334 patients 329 had renal contusion, 3 had renal laceration, 1 had renal rupture and 1 had a pedicle injury. Most patients with microscopic hematuria and no shock after blunt renal trauma had a renal contusion, especially those with no associated injury. All of the patients with renal contusions experienced no complications from nonoperative management. However, avoiding a radiographic evaluatio...
Context-Sensitive Human Activity Classification in Collaborative Learning Environments

Human activity classification remains challenging due to the strong need to eliminate structural noise, the multitude of possible activities, and the strong variations in video acquisition. The current paper explores the study of human activity classification in a collaborative learning environment.This paper explores the use of color based object detection in conjunction with contextualization of object interaction to isolate motion vectors specific to each human activity. The basic approach is to make use of separate classifiers for each activity. Here, we consider the detection of typing, writing, and talking activities in raw videos.The method was tested using 43 uncropped video clips with 620 video frames for writing, 1050 for typing, and 1755 frames for talking. Using simple KNN classifiers, the method gave accuracies of 72.6% for writing, 71% for typing and 84.6% for talking. Classification accuracy improved to 92.5% (writing), 82.5% (typing) and 99.7% (talking) with the use of Deep Neural Networks.
The Thiolate Trans Effect in Heme {FeNO} 6 Complexes and Beyond: Insight into the Nature of the Push Effect

Cyt P450 nitric oxide (NO) reductase (P450nor) is an important enzyme in fungal denitrification, responsible for the large-scale production of the greenhouse gas N2O. In the first step of catalysis, the ferric heme-thiolate active site of P450nor binds NO to produce a ferric heme-nitrosyl or {FeNO}6 intermediate (in the Enemark-Feltham notation). In this paper, we present the low-temperature preparation of six new heme-thiolate {FeNO}6 model complexes, [Fe(TPP)(SPh*)(NO)], using a unique series of electron-poor thiophenolates (SPh*-), and their detailed spectroscopic characterization. Our data show experimentally, for the first time, that a direct correlation exists between the thiolate donor strength and the Fe-NO and N-O bond strengths, evident from the corresponding stretching frequencies. This is due to a σ-trans effect of the thiolate ligand, which manifests itself in the population of an Fe-N-O σ-antibonding (σ*) orbital. Via control of the thiolate donor strength (using hydrogen bonds), nature is therefore able to exactly control the degree of activation of the FeNO unit in P450nor. Vice versa, NO can be used as a sensitive probe to quantify the donor strength of a thiolate ligand in a model system or protein, by simply measuring the Fe-NO and N-O frequencies of the ferric NO adduct and then projecting those data onto the correlation plot established here. Finally, we are able to show that the σ-trans effect of the thiolate is the electronic origin of the "push" effect, which is proposed to mediate O-O bond cleavage and Compound I formation in Cyt P450 monooxygenase catalysis.
The What-If Tool: Interactive Probing of Machine Learning Models

A key challenge in developing and deploying Machine Learning (ML) systems is understanding their performance across a wide range of inputs. To address this challenge, we created the What-If Tool , an open-source application that allows practitioners to probe, visualize, and analyze ML systems, with minimal coding. The What-If Tool lets practitioners test performance in hypothetical situations, analyze the importance of different data features, and visualize model behavior across multiple models and subsets of input data. It also lets practitioners measure systems according to multiple ML fairness metrics. We describe the design of the tool, and report on real-life usage at different organizations.
Danielle Birkett and Dominic McHugh, eds., Adapting the Wizard of Oz: Musical Versions from Baum to MGM and Beyond

Danielle Birkett and Dominic McHugh, eds., Adapting the Wizard of Oz: Musical Versions from Baum to MGM and Beyond New York: Oxford University Press, 2019 [272 pp. ISBN: 9780190663186. $35.00 (paperback)]. Photographs, music examples, illustrations, tables, appendix, and index.