cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cropping system influence on planting water content and yield of winter wheat

Many dryland producers in the central Great Plains of the USA express concern regarding the effect that elimination of fallow has on soil water content at winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) planting and subsequent yields. Our objectives were to quantify cropping system effects (fallow weed control method and crop sequence), including corn (Zea mays L.) (C) and proso millet (Panicum miliacium L.) (M), on soil water at winter wheat planting and subsequent grain yield, and to determine the frequency of environmental conditions which would cause wheat yield to drop below 2500 kg ha -1 for various cropping systems. Crop rotations evaluated from 1993 through 2001 at Akron, CO, were W-F, W-C-F, W-M-F, and W-C-M (all no-till), and W-F (conventional till). Yields were correlated with soil water at planting: kg ha -1 = 373.3 + 141.2 × cm (average and wet years); kg ha -1 = 897.9 + 39.7 × cm (dry years). Increasing cropping intensity to two crops in 3 yr had little effect on water content at wheat planting and subsequent grain yield, while continuous cropping and elimination of fallow reduced soil water at planting by 11.8 cm and yields by 450 to 1650 kg ha -1 , depending on growing season precipitation. No-till systems, which included a 12- to 15-mo fallow period before wheat planting nearly always produced at least 2500 kg ha -1 of yield under normal to wet conditions, but no cropping system produced 2500 kg ha -1 under extremely dry conditions.
La Merica: Images Of Italian Greenhorn Experience

Why would a man tie up a cheap suitcase with grass rope, leave his family and his paesani in Italy to risk his life and meager possessions among the dock thieves of Naples and Genoa to suffer the congestion and stench of steerage accommodations aboard ship, to endure the assembly-line processing of Ellis Island, to wander almost incommunicado through a city of sneering strangers speaking an unknown tongue, to perform ten to twelve hours of heavy manual labor a day for wages of perhaps $1.65 most of which he probably owed to the "company store" before he got it? Why were there not just a few such men but droves of them coming to the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century? How did they survive and some of them prosper? How did they surmount the language barrier? Why did some stay, some go home, and some bounce back and forth repeatedly across the Atlantic?Michael La Sorte examines these questions and more in this lively study of Italian immigration prior to World War I. In exploring for answers, he draws upon the commentary of recent scholars, as well as the statistical documents of the day. But most important, he has searched out individual stories in the published and unpublished diaries, letters, and autobiographies of immigrants who lived the "greenhorn" (grignoni) experience. In their own language, the men bring to life the teeming tenements of New York's Mulberry Street, the exploitative labor-recruiting practices of Boston's North Square, and the harsh squalor of work camp life along the country's expanding railroad lines. What emerges is a powerful, moving, alternately funny and appalling picture of their everyday lives.Through detailed narration, La Sorte traces the men's lives from their native villages across the Atlantic through the ports of entry to their first immigrant jobs. He describes their views of Italy, America, and each other, the cultural and linguistic adjustments that they were compelled to make, and their motives for either Americanizing or repatriating themselves. His chapter on "Italglish" (a hybrid language developed by the greenhorns) will echo in the ears of Italian-Americans as the sound of their parents' and grandparents' voices. Author note: Michael A.La Sorte is Professor of Sociology, Emeritus, at the State University of New York, Brockport.
History of the department of surgery in Cincinnati

Abstract This narrative reviews the foundations and development of surgery in Cincinnati beginning with the surgical pioneers and the founding of the first medical institutions by Dr. Daniel Drake. The amalgamation of multiple medical schools resulted in university affiliation and a “full-time” chairman of surgery. The arrival of Dr. George Heuer and his Johns Hopkins group caused great turmoil but resulted in a strong department of surgery and residency program. Drs. Reid, Carter, and Altemeier succeeded Dr. Heuer and each contributed to the department’s growth and success. Dr. Josef E. Fischer became chairman of surgery in 1978 and led the department through difficult times to its greatest expansion and development—bringing to a department with an outstanding history and tradition the reforms and modernizations needed to take it into the 21st century. Dr. Fischer has now returned to Boston and Harvard and was succeeded by Dr. Jeffrey Matthews in 2001. Under his capable leadership the department of surgery at the University of Cincinnati seems assured of a bright future.
A comparison of innovative problem-solving abilities between wild and captive spotted hyaenas, Crocuta crocuta

Innovative problem solving enables individuals to deal with novel social and ecological challenges. However, our understanding of the importance of innovation for animals in their natural habitat is limited because experimental investigations of innovation have historically focused on captive animals. To determine how captivity affects innovation, and whether captive studies of animal innovation suffer from low external validity, we need experimental investigations of innovation in both wild and captive populations of the same species in diverse taxa. Here we inquired whether wild and captive spotted hyaenas differ in their ability to solve the same novel technical problem, and in the diversity of exploratory behaviours they exhibit when first interacting with the problem. Our results suggest that wild and captive populations show important differences in their innovative problem-solving abilities. Captive hyaenas were significantly more successful at solving the novel problem, and significantly more diverse in their initial exploratory behaviour, than were wild hyaenas. We were able to rule out hypotheses suggesting that these differences result from excess energy or time available to captive animals. We conclude that captive hyaenas were more successful because captive individuals were less neophobic and more exploratory than their wild counterparts. These results have important implications for our interpretation of studies on innovative problem solving in captive animals and aid our attempts to gain a broader understanding of the importance of innovation for animals in their natural habitat.
Fractionating the Neural Substrates of Transitive Reasoning: Task-Dependent Contributions of Spatial and Verbal Representations

It has long been suggested that transitive reasoning relies on spatial representations in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). Previous neuroimaging studies, however, have always focused on linear arguments, such as “John is taller than Tom, Tom is taller than Chris, therefore John is taller than Chris.” Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we demonstrate here that verbal representations contribute to transitive reasoning when it involves set-inclusion relations (e.g., “All Tulips are Flowers, All Flowers are Plants, therefore All Tulips are Plants”). In the present study, such arguments were found to engage verbal processing regions of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and left PPC that were identified in an independent localizer task. Specifically, activity in these verbal regions increased as the number of relations increased in set-inclusion arguments. Importantly, this effect was specific to set-inclusion arguments because left IFG and left PPC were not differentially engaged when the number of relations increased in linear arguments. Instead, such an increase was linked to decreased activity in a spatial processing region of the right PPC that was identified in an independent localizer task. Therefore, both verbal and spatial representations can underlie transitive reasoning, but their engagement depends upon the structure of the argument.
A new consistent technique for the construction of symmetric constitutive matrices for generalized time domain algorithms

The cell method (CM) (Tonti, E., PIER monograph series, vol.32, p.1-44, 2001) is a numerical technique suitable for solving electromagnetic static and dynamic problems both on structured and unstructured grids. Topological equations (field equations) can be enforced on the cell complexes in an exact discrete form by using appropriate incidence matrices. Constitutive relations can be enforced in a discrete form by using suitable constitutive matrices. The desired features of the constitutive matrices are: (1) symmetry; (2) positive definiteness, in order to ensure stability; (3) sparsity, to save memory and ensure fast computations; (4) consistency of the algebraic constitutive relations with the local constitutive relations. We propose a new technique to build these matrices such that they satisfy the desired features in most cases. This is true for both 2D grids and 3D grids. This new technique enables us to obtain positive definite constitutive matrices in all of the practical cases we have tested.
A Novel Domain in Set2 Mediates RNA Polymerase II Interaction and Couples Histone H3 K36 Methylation with Transcript Elongation

Histone methylation and the enzymes that mediate it are important regulators of chromatin structure and gene transcription. In particular, the histone H3 lysine 36 (K36) methyltransferase Set2 has recently been shown to associate with the phosphorylated C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), implying that this enzyme has an important role in the transcription elongation process. Here we show that a novel domain in the C terminus of Set2 is responsible for interaction between Set2 and RNAPII. This domain, termed the Set2 Rpb1 interacting (SRI) domain, is encompassed by amino acid residues 619 to 718 in Set2 and is found to occur in a number of putative Set2 homologs from Schizosaccharomyces pombe to humans. Unexpectedly, BIACORE analysis reveals that the SRI domain binds specifically, and with high affinity, to CTD repeats that are doubly modified (serine 2 and serine 5 phosphorylated), indicating that Set2 association across the body of genes requires a specific pattern of phosphorylated RNAPII. Deletion of the SRI domain not only abolishes Set2-RNAPII interaction but also abolishes K36 methylation in vivo, indicating that this interaction is required for establishing K36 methylation on chromatin. Using 6-azauracil (6AU) as an indicator of transcription elongation defects, we found that deletion of the SRI domain conferred a strong resistance to this compound, which was identical to that observed with set2 deletion mutants. Furthermore, yeast strains carrying set2 alleles that are catalytically inactive or yeast strains bearing point mutations at K36 were also found to be resistant to 6AU. These data suggest that it is the methylation by Set2 that affects transcription elongation. In agreement with this, we have determined that deletion of SET2, its SRI domain, or amino acid substitutions at K36 result in an alteration of RNAPII occupancy levels over transcribing genes. Taken together, these data indicate K36 methylation, established by the SRI domain-mediated association of Set2 with RNAPII, plays an important role in the transcription elongation process.
Intravenous protein-free pyrogen; a powerful fibrinolytic agent in man.

Administration of a variety of nonfibrinolytic, nonenzymatic substances induces fibrinolysis in man. The most potent materials of this type known at present are purified protein-free pyrogens. Their action after intravenous injection on the human fibrinolytic system, on some of its components, and on the clotting system of 67 individuals has been studied. The possible therapeutic implications are discussed of the marked fibrinolysis.
The role of volatile exsolution and sub-solidus fluid/rock interactions in producing high 56Fe/54Fe ratios in siliceous igneous rocks

Highly differentiated igneous rocks can, in some cases, have 56 Fe/ 54 Fe ratios that are significantly higher than those of mafic- to intermediate-composition igneous rocks. Iron isotope compositions were obtained for bulk rock, magnetite, and Fe silicates from well-characterized suites of granitic and volcanic rocks that span a wide range in major- and trace-element contents. Sample suites studied include granitoids from Questa, N.M. (Latir volcanic field) and the Tuolumne Intrusive Series (Sierra Nevada batholith), and volcanic rocks from Coso, Katmai, Bishop Tuff, Grizzly Peak Tuff, Seguam Island, and Puyehue volcano. The rocks range from granodiorite to high-silica granite and basalt to high-silica rhyolite. The highest d 56 Fe values (up to +0.31&) are generally restricted to rocks that have high Rb (>100 ppm), Th (>� 15 ppm) and SiO2 (>70 wt.%) but low Fe (<2 wt.% total Fe as Fe2O3) contents. Magnetite separated from these rocks has high d 56 Fe values, whereas Fe silicates have d 56 Fe values close to zero. Although in principle crystal fractionation might explain the high d 56 Fe values, trace-element ratios in high-d 56 Fe igneous rocks indicate that crystal fractionation is an unlikely explanation. The highest d 56 Fe values occur in volcanic and plutonic rocks that contain independent evidence for fluid exsolution, including sub-chondritic Zr/Hf ratios, suggesting that loss of a low-d 56 Fe ferrous chloride fluid is the most likely explanation for the high d 56 Fe values in the bulk rocks. Based on magnetite solubility in chloride solutions and predicted Fe isotope fractionations among Fe silicates, magnetite, and ferrous chloride fluids, the increase in d 56 Fe values of bulk rocks may be explained by isotopic exchange between magnetite and FeCl 0, which predicts an increase in the d 56 Fe values of magnetite upon fluid exsolution. This model is consistent with the d 56 Fe values measured in this study for bulk rocks, as well as magnetite and Fe silicates. Our results suggest that fluid exsolution from siliceous hydrous magmas, which sometimes produce porphyry-style Cu, Mo, or Cu-Au mineralization, may be traced using Fe isotopes. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Game Theory and the Architecture of Social Theory: Reflections on Luigino Bruni's Ethos of the Market

This essay is written for a symposium on Luigino Bruni’s The Genesis and Ethos of the Market. That book identifies a tradition of Neapolitan civil economy that arose in the 18th century, and which the author opposes to the more familiar tradition of Smithian political economy. The difference in traditions is located in contrasting theories of society in which markets are situated. Where Bruni reduces the Smithian tradition to a prisoners’ or Hobbesian dilemma, he reduces the Neapolitan tradition to a stag hunt. While this essay accepts the general superiority of the stag hunt as a framework for organizing social theory, it also explains the misleading character of Bruni’s reduction of society to a universal stag hunt. In place of that reduction, this essay treats societies as ecologies of stag hunts which in turn leads to recognition that societies are continually turbulent and conflictual and not placid and peaceful.
Doping Studies of N- and P-Type AlxGa1−xN Grown by ECR-Assisted MBE

AlxGal−xN films (x≤0.60) were grown on c-plane sapphire and (0001) 6H-SiC substrates using ECR plasma assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy. Evidence of long range ordering in the investigated AlxGal−xN films is presented. Without intentional dopants the films are semi-insulating with resistivities ranging from 103 to 105 Ω.cm. The films were doped n-type with Si and p-type with Mg. The carrier concentration in the Si doped films, as determined by Hall effect measurements, was between 1016 to 1019 cm−3. At constant Si cell temperature, the carrier concentration was found to be reduced with AlN mole fraction, consistent with the observation that the donor ionization energy increases with Al content. Correspondingly, the electron mobility decreases with Al concentration, a result attributed to alloy scattering. The Mg doped films were found to exhibit p-type conductivity by thermoelectric power measurements with resistivities varying from 3 to 30 Ω-cm.
A Hybrid Joint-inversion Scheme

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Analysis Hu Yinglin's Opinion on Using Diangu in Poems

The opinion on using Diangu constitutes an important part in Hu Yinglin's poetic theory. He put forward a theory that Qing(Mood),Shi(Thing) and Jing(Scene) should be harmony and co ordinate under the common goal. He analysis the failures of "too artificial" and "too close" in using Diangu in the poems by the authors of Song and Ming Dynasty. He eventually point out that the final target of Diangu using is to reach the realm of ultimate harmony in poems.
"Dem bones": osteochondral injuries of the knee.

SUMMARY MR imaging examination of the knee is often obtained after trauma because of its excellent sensitivity for injuries to the menisci and ligaments. MR imaging also plays a valuable role in the diagnosis and imaging evaluation of osteochondral injuries of the femorotibial joint. It is important to diagnose bone contusions, because they may be the only source of the patient’s pain, and, if they are severe, they can progress to chondromalacia of the overlying articular cartilage. MR imaging plays a vital role in the diagnosis of occult osteochondral fractures and in accurately classifying displaced intra-articular fractures. Although OCD lesions are usually seen radiographically, MR imaging is the single best noninvasive technique for determining whether a fragment is unstable, and, therefore, for guiding therapy.
Urban Stream Management Using Spatial Approaches for Stream Clean-Up Data

In recent decades many local communities, supported by state, federal and/or international programs, have engaged in efforts to remove human debris from urban stream systems. Typically these clean-up events have involved volunteers who collect garbage and other waste from stream banks or from the water. The aims of these programs are to improve overall stream conditions – especially aesthetics – and remove harmful materials from stream environments including tires, plastics, metals and other potential items of concern such as paint cans, and rubber products. Although many of these efforts report basic data on items collected, with the reports and information often submitted to agencies or the focus of media reports, beyond basic types and numbers of information collected, the data and report do not typically contain any geospatial aspects such as locations, areas cleaned, collection of specific items tied to locations, or addressing possible sources for the debris. Since 1997, local groups within the Maumee Area of Concern in northwest Ohio, USA have been organizing an annual stream cleanup event in their communities that has evolved to over 1000 participants working at more than 60 sites covering 4 streams. This chapter examines the results for the Ten mile Creek/Ottawa River clean-up sites using detailed site specific data from 1995 to 2006 that includes items collected and recorded on data forms and then compiled by location and types of items and examined in reference to spatial aspects of management actions including considering potential sources and addressing local land use and human activities contributing the specific items collected at locations along the stream. Results include identifying the top ten items collected and examples of locations where items can be tied to adjacent land uses for purposes of identifying actions to address continued and persistent sources of debris and needed responses. The recommendations and proposals based on this study are intended to inform decision-makers not only at the local scale but to influence how stream clean-up data can be utilized and to improve reporting of this information. And with the aim of encouraging the collection of geospatial and location aspects as a means of furthering utilization of urban stream clean-up data to support and assist management actions to address aesthetic aspects of urban stream environmental improvements and rehabilitation efforts.
The Digital Shift

Many texts on media spend significant time discussing the technological advances that led to radio and television, but I propose discussing the development of the Internet in much more detail. The chapter will be organized chronologically by era. The chapter starts from the initial DARPAnet to early commercial uses and then to its spread starting in the mid-1990s. Next, the chapter discusses the age of mainstream online shifts and the rise of the blog era until the mid-20oos. The third section will focus on Web 2.0 and the rise of the social web, and the final section will focus on the mobility of media since 2006.
Sulfate homeostasis. II. Influence of chronic aspirin administration on inorganic sulfate in humans.

The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effect of chronic aspirin administration on the serum concentration and renal clearance of inorganic sulfate in healthy volunteers. In a randomized crossover study, eight male subjects received either no treatment or 975 mg of enteric-coated aspirin three times daily for 8 days. Blood and urine samples were collected on the eighth day over a 7-hr period. Midpoint salicylic acid concentrations in serum varied between 55 and 182 µg/ml (mean concentration of 109 µg/ml). Serum inorganic sulfate concentrations demonstrated a small but significant decrease on the eighth day of aspirin administration but there was no apparent change in the renal clearance of sulfate. There were significant correlations between the renal clearances, urinary excretion rates, and serum concentrations of creatinine and sulfate, reflecting the dependence of sulfate homeostasis on renal function. The serum concentration and renal clearance of creatinine, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus were unaffected by aspirin treatment.
Initial development of the Health Literacy and Resiliency Scale: Youth version

Background: Health literacy and resiliency are empirically linked to better adaptation and the ability to thrive in the face of living with a chronic disease. To date, there are limited tools to assess these constructs among youth. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Health Literacy and Resiliency Scale: Youth Version (HLRS-Y), a questionnaire designed to tap the current health knowledge and resiliency factors for youth and young adults with chronic health conditions.Method: A multi-step process was used to create and validate the scale. A thorough review of the literature along with findings from focus groups guided initial item development. Items were refined through an expert review process and a pilot study (n = 25). All remaining items were administered to a national sample (n = 204) and responses were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA).Results: The EFA revealed a three-factor structure: Knowledge, Self-Advocacy/Support, and Resiliency. The finalized scale containe...
High Dimensional Ensemble Neuronal Activity Pattern Analysis: Visualization and Wave Detection Focused

Neuron activities are the source of behavior in living beings and understanding the neuron circuitry has been one of the most interesting areas of neuroscience in the recent past. As a part of it, analyzing the spatiotemporal synchronized neuronal ensemble consecutive firings, such as the calcium ion waves in vivo, will shed light on the underlying mystery of neuronal ensembles. However, manual analysis of waves is prone to human error due to the complex high dimension of images, and may also be limited by the subjective observation of the neuroscientist. Subsequently, to date there has been limited progress in high dimensional ensemble neuronal waves analysis computationally or manually despite the fast growing of the imaging techniques. Here we present a novel way of employing 3D and 4D image wave detection methods to analyze the neuronal ensemble waves in the entire Drosophila M. Larval Ventral Nerve Cord (VNC). We focus on the computational methods that reduce the high dimension of the data and extract the wave information from non-wave firings.
Teleradiology: The Importance of Communication.

Teleradiology can contribute to quality care when teleradiologists communicate and collaborate with referring physicians, have real-time access to patients' medical records, and consult for hospitals that have error detection and correction systems in place.
Germline APC mutations in hepatoblastoma

Background Conflicting reports on the frequency of germline adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene mutations in patients with hepatoblastoma (HB) have called into question the clinical value of APC mutation testing on apparently sporadic HB. Methods An Institutional Review Board approved retrospective review of clinical data collected from patients with HB who received APC testing at our institution was conducted. All HB patients seen at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center were eligible for testing. Potential genotype/phenotype correlations were assessed. Results As of July 2015, 29 patients with HB had received constitutional APC testing. Four (14%) were found to have APC pathogenic truncations of the APC protein and in addition two (7%) had APC missense variants of unknown clinical significance. Two patients (7%) had family histories indicative of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Response to chemotherapy tracked differently in APC pathogenic cases, with a slower imaging response despite an equivalent or slightly faster α-fetoprotein (AFP) response. Conclusion The prevalence of pathogenic APC variants in apparently sporadic HB may be higher than previously detected. Differences in time to imaging response, despite similar AFP response, may impact surgical planning. All patients with HB warrant germline APC mutation testing for underlying FAP.
A 13 bit 2.5 MHz self-calibrated pipelined A/D converter in 3 amu;m CMOS

A self-calibrated pipelined A/D (analog-to-digital) converter technique potentially applicable in high-resolution video applications is described. This approach potentially requires much less area than multistep flash approaches and requires fewer clock cycles than error averaging techniques. Since self-calibration can be performed during interframe intervals, this approach is particularly attractive for video applications. A 3-mm CMOS prototype fabricated for feasibility evaluation using this architecture achieves 13-b resolution at 2.5 Msample/s, consumes 100 mW, and occupies 40 K mil2, with a single 5-V supply and a two-phase nonoverlapping clock. A sampling rate of 15 MHz and an area of about 10 K mil2 can be projected from these results in a 1-mm implementation
OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES DURING BISPHOSPHONATE DRUG HOLIDAY.

ABSTRACT Objective: Bisphosphonate (BP) drug holidays are recommended to lower the risk of rare adverse events, such as atypical femoral fractures and osteonecrosis of the jaw. However, there are m...
Coastal wetland adaptation to sea level rise: Quantifying potential for landward migration and coastal squeeze

Coastal wetland ecosystems are expected to migrate landwards in response to rising seas. However, due to differences in topography and coastal urbanization, estuaries vary in their ability to accommodate migration. Low‐lying urban areas can constrain migration and lead to wetland loss (i.e. coastal squeeze), especially where existing wetlands cannot keep pace with rising seas via vertical adjustments. In many estuaries, there is a pressing need to identify landward migration corridors and better quantify the potential for landward migration and coastal squeeze. We quantified and compared the area available for landward migration of tidal saline wetlands and the area where urban development is expected to prevent migration for 39 estuaries along the wetland‐rich USA Gulf of Mexico coast. We did so under three sea level rise scenarios (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m by 2100). Within the region, the potential for wetland migration is highest within certain estuaries in Louisiana and southern Florida (e.g. Atchafalaya/Vermilion Bays, Mermentau River, Barataria Bay, and the North and South Ten Thousand Islands estuaries). The potential for coastal squeeze is highest in estuaries containing major metropolitan areas that extend into low‐lying lands. The Charlotte Harbor, Tampa Bay, and Crystal‐Pithlachascotee estuaries (Florida) have the highest amounts of urban land expected to constrain wetland migration. Urban barriers to migration are also high in the Galveston Bay (Texas) and Atchafalaya/Vermilion Bays (Louisiana) estuaries. Synthesis and applications. Coastal wetlands provide many ecosystem services that benefit human health and well‐being, including shoreline protection and fish and wildlife habitat. As the rate of sea level rise accelerates in response to climate change, coastal wetland resources could be lost in areas that lack space for landward migration. Migration corridors are particularly important in highly urbanized estuaries where, due to low‐lying coastal development, there is not space for wetlands to move and adapt to sea level rise. Future‐focused landscape conservation plans that incorporate the protection of wetland migration corridors can increase the adaptive capacity of these valuable ecosystems and simultaneously decrease the vulnerability of coastal human communities to the harmful effects of rising seas.
Role of the WW Domain in Signaling and Disease

The WW domain is one of the smallest protein modules, composed of only 40 amino acids, that folds as a monomer in solution without disulfide bridges or cofactors [1,2]. The name refers to the presence of two conserved tryptophan residues (W), which are spaced 20–22 amino acids apart (Fig. 1). The domain was shown to mediate specific protein-protein interactions in plants, yeast, nematodes, flies and mammals [3]. Some of the signaling complexes that involve the WW domain have been implicated in human diseases including Muscular Dystrophy (MD) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) [4]. Recently, the WW domain was mapped in the human proteome and more than 69 000 interactions mediated by 70 WW domains were uncovered and characterized [5].
Rawls's wide view of public reason: Not wide enough

What sorts of reasons are i) required and ii) morally acceptable when citizens in a pluralist liberal democracy undertake to resolve pressing political issues? This paper presents and then critically examines John Rawls's answer to this question: his so called wide-view of public reason. Rawls's view requires that the content of liberal public reason prove rich enough to yield a reasoned and determinate resolution for most if not all fundamental political issues. I argue that the content of liberal public reason will prove inadequate in this regard far more often than Rawls suspects.
Engineering Quantum States of Matter for Atomic Clocks in Shallow Optical Lattices.

We investigate the effects of stimulated scattering of optical lattice photons on atomic coherence times in a state-of-the art $^{87}\mathrm{Sr}$ optical lattice clock. Such scattering processes are found to limit the achievable coherence times to less than 12 s (corresponding to a quality factor of $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{16}$), significantly shorter than the predicted 145(40) s lifetime of $^{87}\mathrm{Sr}$'s excited clock state. We suggest that shallow, state-independent optical lattices with increased lattice constants can give rise to sufficiently small lattice photon scattering and motional dephasing rates as to enable coherence times on the order of the clock transition's natural lifetime. Not only should this scheme be compatible with the relatively high atomic density associated with Fermi-degenerate gases in three-dimensional optical lattices, but we anticipate that certain properties of various quantum states of matter---such as the localization of atoms in a Mott insulator---can be used to suppress dephasing due to tunneling.
A labeled-line for cold from the periphery to the parabrachial nucleus

ABSTRACT Spinal projection neurons are a major pathway through which somatic stimuli are conveyed to the brain. However, the manner in which this information is coded is poorly understood. Here, we report the identification of a modality-selective spinoparabrachial (SPB) neuron subtype with unique properties. Specifically, we find that cold-selective SPB neurons are differentiated by selective afferent input, reduced neuropeptide sensitivity, distinct physiological properties, small soma size, and low basal drive. In addition, optogenetic experiments reveal that cold-selective SPB neurons are distinctive with respect to their connectivity, with little to no input from either Pdyn or Nos1 inhibitory interneurons. Together, these data define a neural substrate supporting a labeled-line for cold from the periphery to the brain.
The Internet of Space Things/CubeSats

The Internet of Things for terrestrial deployments is a major part of next-generation 5G wireless systems. However, there are many use cases such as monitoring of remote areas, Internet provisioning to under-served or disrupted regions, or intelligent global transport management, which require a more global, scalable, flexible, and resilient solution. In this article, the Internet of Space Things, a ubiquitous cyber-physical system for realizing true global connectivity, is introduced. Within this context, this article discusses the stateof- the-art in satellite-based data networks and presents a novel network architecture where Software- defined Networking and Network Function Virtualization serve as key enabling technologies. Further, the major challenges in terms of network design, routing, and resource allocation are also presented. To this end, the Internet of Space Things is the ultimate cyber-physical system, with much broader application and servic
Generational 'othering': The myth of the Millennial learner

Context The health professions education (HPE) literature is replete with recommendations for how educators should adapt practices to the needs of generations of learners using generation theory to bridge perceived differences between learners and educators. Yet the evidence supporting the application of generation theory in HPE has not been critically examined. If unsubstantiated, these applications may perpetuate biases towards learners they are intended to support. Methods This paper critically reviews generation theory in the HPE literature, with particular focus on recent recommendations regarding "Millennial" learners. We used Google Scholar, MEDLINE, EBSCO, JSTOR and PsycINFO to search for articles pertaining to the origins and uses of generation theory within and outside HPE. This synthesis is presented as a preliminary understanding of how ideas of generation theory arose and permeated the HPE literature, and explores the effects of generation theory on education practices. Results In the HPE literature, the translation of generation theory into practice recommendations generally follows a pattern consistent with translations advanced in other literatures: broad generalisations drawn from limited data are used as evidence to support instructional approaches specifically designed for generational cohorts. Outside HPE, this application of generation theory has been criticised as a form of stereotyping that ignores the internal differences and diversity inherent in any large group of people. Accordingly, problematising the needs of generations such as "Millennial" learners in the HPE literature may perpetuate narrow or privileged assumptions by educators. Conclusions Generational archetypes such as that of the "Millennial learner" are myths that perpetuate unfounded generalisations about cohorts, reinforce power differentials between age groups, and minimise the unique needs of individuals. To individualise and strengthen teaching practices in HPE, we recommend adopting "generational humility" as a means to more purposefully address the dynamic social, cultural and historical influences that shape individuals within each generation of learners.
Integrating stream gage data and Landsat imagery to complete time-series of surface water extents in Central Valley, California

Abstract Accurate monitoring of surface water location and extent is critical for the management of diverse water resource phenomena. The multi-decadal archive of Landsat satellite imagery is punctuated by missing data due to cloud cover during acquisition times, hindering the assembly of a continuous time series of inundation dynamics. This study investigated whether streamflow volume measurements could be integrated with satellite data to fill gaps in monthly surface water chronologies for the Central Valley region of California, USA, from 1984 to 2015. We aggregated measurements of maximum monthly water extent within each of the study area’s 50 8-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC) watersheds from two Landsat-derived datasets: the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC) Monthly Water History and the U.S. Geological Survey Dynamic Surface Water Extent (DSWE). We calculated Spearman rank correlation coefficients between water extent values in each HUC and streamflow discharge data. Linear regression fits of the water extent/streamflow data pairs with the highest correlations served as the basis for interpolation of missing imagery surface water values on a HUC-wise basis. Results show strong (ρ > 0.7) maximum correlations in 11 (22.4%) and 25 (51.0%) HUCs for the DSWE and JRC time series, respectively, when comparisons were restricted to imagery and gages co-located in each HUC. Strong maximum correlations occurred in 39 (79.6%; DSWE) and 42 (85.7%; JRC) HUCs when imagery was paired with discharge data from any study area gage, providing a solid basis for reconstruction of water extent values. We generated continuous time series of 30+ years in 35 HUCs, demonstrating that this technique can provide quantitative estimates of historical surface water extents and elucidate flooding or drought events over the period of data collection. Results of a non-parametric trend analysis of the long-term time series on an annual, seasonal, and monthly basis varied among HUCs, though most trends indicate an increase in surface water over the past 30 years.
Using accelerometry for measurement of motor behavior in children: Relationship of real-world movement to standardized evaluation.

Abstract Background When detected, children with asymmetrical motor impairment are referred for therapeutic interventions to maximize the child's ability to reach their health and developmental potential. Referal is dependent on standardized evaluation, which rarely examines upper extremity (UE) function within the context of real-world activity. Accelerometry provides an efficient method to objectively measure movement in children. The purpose of this study was to compare accelerometry to clinical assessment, specifically the Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function-2 (MA-2). Methods A total of 52 children between 1–17 years of age with asymmetrical motor deficits and age matched controls participated in this study. Participants wore bilateral accelerometers for 4 x 25 h. The use ratio (UR) and mono-arm use index (MAUI) were calculated to quantify asymmetrical impairment. The Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function-2 (MA-2) was administered and compared to accelerometry variables. Results The UR and MAUI were significantly different in children with and without deficits. The MAUI was significantly correlated with all domains of the MA-2: accuracy (r = 0.44, p = 0.026); fluency (r = 0.52, p = 0.006); dexterity (r = 0.53, p = 0.005); and range of motion (r = 0.49, p = 0.011). Conclusions Our findings suggest a relationship between real-world movement and clinical evaluation.
Six months of Hybrid Closed Loop in the Real-World: An Evaluation of Children and Young Adults using the 670G System.

Objective To describe glycemic and psychosocial outcomes in youth with type 1 diabetes using a hybrid closed loop (HCL) system. Subjects Youth with type 1 diabetes (2-25 years) starting the 670G HCL system for their diabetes care were enrolled in an observational study. Methods Prospective data collection occurred during routine clinical care and included glycemic variables (sensor time in range [70-180 mg/dL], HbA1c), and psychosocial variables (Hypoglycemia Fear Survey [HFS]; Problem Areas in Diabetes [PAID]). Mixed models were used to analyze change across time. Results Ninety-two youth (mean age 15.7 ± 3.6 years, 50% female, HbA1c 8.8% ± 1.8%) started HCL for their diabetes care. Youth used Auto Mode 65.5% ± 3.0% of the time at month 1, which decreased to 51.2% ± 3.4% at month 6 (P = .001). Sensor time in range increased from 50.7% ± 1.8% at baseline to 56.9% ± 2.1% at 6 months (P = .007). HbA1c decreased from 8.7% ± 0.2% at baseline to 8.4% ± 0.2% after 6 months of use (P ≤ .0001), with the greatest HbA1c decline in participants with high baseline HbA1c. Increased percent time in auto mode was associated with lower HbA1c (P = .02). Thirty percent of youth discontinued HCL in the first 6 months of use. There were no changes in the HFS or PAID scores across time. Conclusions HCL use is associated with improved glycemic control and no change in psychosocial outcomes in this clinical sample. The decline in HCL use across time suggests that youth experience barriers in sustaining use of HCL. Further research is needed to understand reasons for HCL discontinuation and determine intervention strategies.
Screening for Problematic Internet Use

Problematic Internet use (PIU) by adolescents is of growing concern among both parents and pediatricians. Early controversies may have contributed to challenges in defining and measuring PIU. A variety of screening tools have evolved, aligned with different constructs of PIU, although a validated screening tool does exist. Current data and American Academy of Pediatrics policy reflect evidence-driven screening for PIU for all youth.
Physical activity and risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality among kidney transplant recipients

BACKGROUND Insufficient physical activity (PA) may increase the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), but limited research is available. We examine the relationship between PA and the development of CVD events, CVD death and all-cause mortality among KTRs. METHODS A total of 3050 KTRs enrolled in an international homocysteine-lowering randomized controlled trial were examined (38% female; mean age 51.8 ± 9.4 years; 75% white; 20% with prevalent CVD). PA was measured at baseline using a modified Yale Physical Activity Survey, divided into tertiles (T1, T2 and T3) from lowest to highest PA. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to graph the risk of events; Cox proportional hazards regression models examined the association of baseline PA levels with CVD events (e.g. stroke, myocardial infarction), CVD mortality and all-cause mortality over time. RESULTS Participants were followed up to 2500 days (mean 3.7 ± 1.6 years). The cohort experienced 426 CVD events and 357 deaths. Fully adjusted models revealed that, compared to the lowest tertile of PA, the highest tertile experienced a significantly lower risk of CVD events {hazard ratio [HR] 0.76 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59-0.98]}, CVD mortality [HR 0.58 (95% CI 0.35-0.96)] and all-cause mortality [HR 0.76 (95% CI 0.59-0.98)]. Results were similar in unadjusted models. CONCLUSIONS PA was associated with a reduced risk of CVD events and all-cause mortality among KTRs. These observed associations in a large, international sample, even when controlling for traditional CVD risk factors, indicate the potential importance of PA in reducing CVD and death among KTRs.
RES IPSA LOQUITUR.

T HE LATIN WORDS res ipsa loquitur are literally translated as "the thing speaks for itself." They are the name of a rule that, when it is applied by the court, enables an injured patient to obtain a favorable verdict even though he has not been able to show how he was injured and there has been no testimony to establish the negligence of the physician. There are instances in which a patient is incapable of knowing exactly what happened while he was undergoing treatment. This is usually true in the operating room. The surgeon, nurses, technicians, and others perform a variety of tasks while the patient, under anesthetic, cannot see, hear, or feel what is occurring. The application of the rule of res ipsa loquitur in such a context follows from the recognition of this basic fact by the court and its belief that the defendant (usually the surgeon) has better access to the evidence of what actually happened than does the patient.
Exploring the Emotional Dynamics of a Political Discussion.

In this article, we discuss three ways that emotional content was presented, registered, performed, and communicated in a secondary social studies classroom discussion. In an analysis of a classroo...
Bioprintability: Physiomechanical and Biological Requirements of Materials for 3D Bioprinting Processes

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an additive manufacturing process that utilizes various biomaterials that either contain or interact with living cells and biological systems with the goal of fabricating functional tissue or organ mimics, which will be referred to as bioinks. These bioinks are typically hydrogel-based hybrid systems with many specific features and requirements. The characterizing and fine tuning of bioink properties before, during, and after printing are therefore essential in developing reproducible and stable bioprinted constructs. To date, myriad computational methods, mechanical testing, and rheological evaluations have been used to predict, measure, and optimize bioinks properties and their printability, but none are properly standardized. There is a lack of robust universal guidelines in the field for the evaluation and quantification of bioprintability. In this review, we introduced the concept of bioprintability and discussed the significant roles of various physiomechanical and biological processes in bioprinting fidelity. Furthermore, different quantitative and qualitative methodologies used to assess bioprintability will be reviewed, with a focus on the processes related to pre, during, and post printing. Establishing fully characterized, functional bioink solutions would be a big step towards the effective clinical applications of bioprinted products.