cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chemical and biological sensing using acoustic wave propagation and nano-scale phenomena

Surface acoustic wave propagation in piezoelectric substrates is combined with nano-scale phenomena in sensing layer materials to realize practically viable chemical and biological sensors in our group. Ab initio electronic structure, molecular dynamics and finite element models are constructed to design these sensors and sensing materials, and understand sensing mechanisms at multiple length and time scales. Several design advances to the surface acoustic wave (SAW) device to improve sensitivity, enable non-specific binding removal and increase incubation times will be presented. One result of these studies is a SAW biosensor in which Rayleigh and Love waves are propagated in orthogonal directions to achieve mixing, non-specific binding removal and sensing in the same device for biosensing applications. Improved incubation times, removal of non-specifically bound proteins to improve sensitivity, reduce false determinations and improve selectivity, and sensing are simultaneously realized in devices constructed in Langasite and ST quartz, and results will be presented. Several applications of SAW devices in chemical and biological sensing wherein nano-scale phenomena in sensing materials is utilized to improve sensor properties will be presented. In one application, interaction of hydrogen with a palladium film is replaced with interaction with palladium nanoparticles loaded on flexible single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) surfaces. This allows for a robust hydrogen sensor using acoustic wave devices. In the second application, enhancement of luminescence by silver nanocubes is leveraged to construct an immunofluorosensor which is orders of magnitude more sensitive than without this plasmonic enhancement. Combined with a Rayleigh wave SAW device, a sensitive, selective and fast-responding immunofluorosensor is realized. In a third application, carcionoembryonic antigen (a cancer biomarker) is detected at clinically-relevant pg/ml levels with a Love wave device using gold nanoparticle-based nanoprobes. Details will be presented in this talk.
Resonant coupling from photonic crystal surfaces to plasmonic nanoantennas: Principles, detection instruments, and applications in digital resolution biosensing

Coupling of electromagnetic energy from macroscale external light sources to nanometer-scale volumes associated with plasmonic and dielectric nanoantennas is utilized for excitation of Raman scattering on nanoparticles, excitation of semiconductor quantum dots, and resonant optical absorption. These phenomena are used in the context of detection of biomolecules for applications that include disease diagnostics from single-droplet test samples derived from bodily fluids.
The paradox of the surprise test

The announced surprise test has long been a source of puzzlement among laymen and mathematicians alike. On the one hand, it is asserted “There will be exactly one test next week” and, on the other, it is asserted “The day of the test will be a surprise”. Simple logical analysis suggests that these two statements are in contradiction, yet, of course, when the test comes the class is surprised. By 1977, Martin Gardner had published a summary of solutions to the paradox gleaned from over 20 articles in the mathematical and philosophical literature. Most of the views expounded by Gardner admit the contradiction and implicitly invoke the logical rule that asserts that anything whatever can follow from a contradiction. This is also the approach of one of Gardner’s readers who purports to prove that the egg (the paradox of the unexpected egg, hanging, test, etc are all isomorphic) must be in box 5, yet his proof works as well for any other box! Others assume that perhaps the teacher (judge, friend with the eggs) may not be telling the truth, whereas one respondent understands "expected" in the statistical sense of “expected value”.
Review of Osteoarchaeology: A Guide to the Macroscopic Study of Human Skeletal Remains

REFERENCE: Efthymia Nikita. Osteoarchaeology: A Guide to the Macroscopic Study of Human Skeletal Remains . Cambridge, MA: Academic Press; 2017, 462 pp.
Ethics Versus Survival: The Relationship Between Advertising Ethics and New Business Challenges

While advertising processes are complex and changing, the same ethical problems endure, including those relative to organizational challenges. Yet research affords little attention to challenges in...
Minimally Invasive Surgery for Rectal Adenocarcinoma Shows Promising Outcomes Compared to Laparotomy, a National Cancer Database Observational Analysis.

Abstract Purpose/Background: The surgical approach to adenocarcinoma of the rectum remains a controversial topic. Although current data focus on the noninferiority of minimally invasive surgery (MI...
Selections From the ABC 2018 Annual Conference, Miami, Florida: Teaching Innovations Bright as the Tropical Sun:

This article offers readers 13 teaching innovations debuted at the 2018 Association for Business Communication’s annual conference in Miami, Florida. The ideas include communication analysis, clien...
Beauty and the Beast: What Running a Broad-coverage precision grammar over the BNC taught us about the grammar and the corpus

The relative merits of corpus and native speaker judgment data is a topic of long-standing debate in linguistics (Labov 1972; Fillmore 1992, inter alia). In this paper, we approach the question from the perspective of grammar engineering, and argue that (unsurprisingly to some, cf. Fillmore) these sources of data are best treated as complementary to one another. Further, we argue that encoding native speaker intuitions in a broad-coverage precision implemented grammar and then using the grammar to process a corpus is an effective way to explore the interaction between the two sources of data, while illuminating both. We discuss how the corpus can be used to constructively road-test such a grammar and ultimately extend its coverage. We also examine limitations in fully corpus-driven grammar development, and motivate the continued use of judgment data throughout the evolution of a precision grammar. Our use of corpus data is limited to evaluating the grammar and exposing gaps in its lexical and constructional coverage, where actual grammar development is based on the combination of corpus and judgment data. In
Can Every Option Be Rationally Impermissible

Moving from simple to increasingly sophisticated candidate cases, I argue against the idea that there can be cases in which, due to no fault of the agent or to any ambiguity regarding how things will go depending on which option is selected, all the options (for action) available to an agent are rationally impermissible. Whether there are cases that fit this bill—qualifying as what I will label no-fault-or-ambiguity rational dilemmas—depends on the characteristics of conclusive reasons (for or against action). My reasoning leads me to the view that a key feature of conclusive reasons is that they capture or ground overall assessments that are relationally significant. I then argue that, while this view does not itself conflict with the most sophisticated candidate cases of purported dilemmas of the relevant sort (which are cases in which every option is dominated by another available option), following the spirit of the view does lead to a conclusion that blocks counting even these cases as ones in which there is a conclusive reason against every available option. My conclusion is that there is no solid basis for the view that there are cases of no-fault-or-ambiguity rational dilemmas.
In vivo cardiac power generation enabled by an integrated helical piezoelectric pacemaker lead

Abstract Long-term energy supply for electronic systems is challenging for implantable biomedical devices, like cardiac pacemakers. Energy harvesting can significantly extend the lifetime of these devices, however, no clinical translational technologies can efficiently convert the mechanical energy of the heart into electrical power without a thoracotomy and interfering with the cardiovascular functions. Almost all reported implantable cardiac energy harvesting designs sutured devices directly onto the epicardium or pericardium with potential risks to the patients. Here, we report a cardiac energy harvesting strategy, which is integrated into part of the existing pacemaker lead and otherwise with no direct contact of heart, by utilizing porous piezoelectric thin films in a bioinspired self-wrapping helical configuration for flexible integration with existing implantable medical devices. We demonstrate that this compact design can be seamlessly coupled with current leads without introducing additional implantation surgeries. In vivo studies under various conditions (anchoring, pacing, and calcium chloride infusion) are presented that demonstrate clinical translation in a porcine model. Both theoretical studies and in vitro experiments are also presented to validate the energy harvesting process. The scalability of the design is discussed, and the reported results demonstrate a 10 × 10 array of helical EH devices wrapping all through the lead (a mixed pattern of in series and parallel connections) would extend the lifetime of the pacemaker battery by 1.5 years. This innovative cardiac energy harvesting strategy represents a significant step forward for clinical translation without a thoracotomy for patients, suggesting a paradigm for biomedical energy harvesting in vivo.
Gabapentin for alcohol use disorder: A good option, or cause for concern?

The anticonvulsant drug gabapentin is used off-label to treat alcohol-related withdrawal, cravings, anxiety, and insomnia. Although it is well tolerated and has demonstrated efficacy for mild alcohol withdrawal and early abstinence, there is concern about its potential for abuse. Gabapentin should be prescribed only as a second-line alternative to standard therapies, and only after screening for opioid or other prescription drug abuse to determine if heightened monitoring is warranted. Clinicians should be aware of gabapentin’s limitations for treating alcohol use disorder and be attentive to emerging data on risks and benefits.
E-023 Alagille syndrome with bilateral large para-ophthalmic aneurysms in a 14-year-old girl: treatment strategy and review

Background Alagille syndrome (AGS) is a pediatric multisystem autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the JAG1 and NOTCH 2 genes. The feature of the syndrome is broad-spectrum including bile duct paucity with cholestasis, characteristic facies, and anomalies in the cardiac, renal, skeletal, ocular system. Various intracranial vascular abnormalities have also been reported. We describe a case of AGS with bilateral large unruptured para-ophthalmic aneurysms, which were successfully treated with endovascular therapy. Subject and methods A 14-year-old girl with genetically diagnosed AGS presented with bifrontal pressure headache. MRI of the brain showed no intracranial hemorrhage. However, MRA revealed bilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) supraclinoid segment aneurysms, which increased in size on the follow-up MRA. A diagnostic cerebral angiogram confirmed large para-ophthalmic aneurysms; 8×9×16 mm with 6 mm neck (right), 7×8×12 mm with 4 mm neck (left), with dysplastic supraclinoid ICAs and M1 segments (figure A). Therefore, a decision was made to treat the aneurysms with endovascular measures. Results The treatment team was assembled with pediatric hepatobiliary and hematology services in concerning her underlying liver dysfunction, age, and anticipation of using intracranial stents or flow diversion devices with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAP). Platelet function assay, P2Y12 platelet function, and liver function tests were carefully monitored pre- and post-procedure to adjust the DAP. The right ICA para-ophthalmic aneurysm was treated with Pipeline Embolization Device and detachable coils successfully. Four weeks after, the left ICA para-ophthalmic aneurysm was also treated successfully with the same maneuver. In each treatment, the patient was discharged to her home on the following day without complication. Clopidogrel was discontinued after six months with the continuation of aspirin 81 mg daily. The bifrontal pressure sensation disappeared, and no new symptom has been reported since the treatment. One year follow up angiogram illustrates complete aneurysm dome occlusion and the flow diversion device patency (figure B). Conclusion To our knowledge, this case is the first report of treated the intracranial aneurysms associated with AGS utilizing flow diversion devices. The growing body of literature describes the intracranial aneurysm and intracranial hemorrhage lead to significant morbidity and mortality in patients AGS. It would be warranted to screen with noninvasive imaging modalities, such as MRA and CTA for the patients with AGS who develop alarming neurovascular symptoms. Further, if indicated, endovascular therapy with multidisciplinary team would be considered in the setting of multisystem disorders such as AGS. Disclosures S. Suzuki: None. L. Hsieh: None. A. Patel: None. M. Muhonen: None.
Introduction to the Cerebral Palsies

Cerebral palsy is not a disease, but a collection of disorders of the brain resulting from a malformation or injury as the final common pathway. A strict definition of CP is a difficult task to determine. This chapter overviews the history of the “cerebral palsies” and discuss a practical use of the current classification systems to benefit the provider caring for patients with CP.
COVID-19: repositioning nutrition research for the next pandemic.

At the time of this writing, the COVID-19 pandemic will have infected more than 12 million people and taken the lives of nearly 600,000 individuals world-wide [ 1 ]. While containment and treatment strategies have focused primarily on social distancing, therapeutics, and vaccines, the pandemic has also revealed serious underlying vulnerabilities in individuals infected by the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. The vulnerable aspects include advanced age, obesity [and its comorbidities, diabetes and chronic heart diseases], systemic coagulopathy or thrombosis [ 2 ], acute respiratory failure (e.g., hypoxia), inflammation, immunodeficiency, and neuropathologies [ 3 , 4 ]. The evidence for vulnerable people is supported by early reports on the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States that revealed ethnic, racial, and socio-economic disparities that resulted in some sectors of the population being disproportionally affected by COVID-19. Some of the sectors showing disproportionate rates of infection and death included men, American Indians, Alaska Natives, Blacks, Latinos, older adults, recent immigrants, and individuals with low income [ 5 , 6 ]. What is largely missed by the public, researchers, and healthcare providers is how nutrition and food intersect with this multiplicity of COVID-19 symptoms and disparities, in different ways and to different degrees.
Salinity increases growth and pathogenicity of water mold to cause mortality and early hatching in Rana sylvatica embryos.

Amphibian embryos often suffer increased mortality and altered hatching when exposed to road deicing salt runoff or pathogens such as water molds. However, the combined effects of such contaminants on embryos remain understudied. To test how pond salinization interacts with water mold (Saprolegniasp.) to influence hatching timing and survival, we first measured pond water conductivity and temperature and quantified the prevalence and abundance of water mold in four ponds in an ecological preserve. Second, we experimentally placed wood frog (Rana sylvatica) embryos in the presence or absence of water mold, crossed with environmentally realistic salt concentrations (100, 300 or 600 μS). Lastly, we quantified growth and colonization of water mold in this range of salinities. Our results demonstrate that salt had synergistic effects with water mold exposure that affected hatching time, though water mold had less of an effect at higher salinities. Water mold significantly reduced egg survival whereas salt did not. Higher salinities also increased water mold growth and colonization on new substrates. These results indicate that road salt runoff may enhance colonization of amphibian eggs by water molds increasing mortality and premature hatching of surviving embryos, which may in turn have detrimental effects on amphibian communities.
Innovation Policy and the Market for Vaccines

Vaccines play a crucial role in improving global public health, with the ability to stem the spread of infectious diseases and the potential to eradicate them completely. Compared with pharmaceuticals that treat disease, however, preventative vaccines for infectious diseases have received far less attention from both biomedical researchers and innovation scholars. This neglect has substantial human and financial costs, as vividly illustrated by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, we argue that the large number of “missing” vaccines is likely due to more than lack of scientific opportunities. Two key aspects of vaccines help account for their anemic development pipeline: (1) they are preventatives rather than treatments; and (2) they are generally durable goods with long-term effects rather than products purchased repeatedly. Both aspects make vaccines less profitable than repeat-purchase treatments, even given comparable IP protection. One set of problems arises from irrational preferences by purchasers, including both patients and healthcare payers. For example, patients generally underestimate their likelihood of getting sick, and they underestimate costs that are in the future or divided into separate purchases, causing them to pay more overall for repeat-purchase drugs than for vaccines. But even for rational, risk-neutral purchasers, we explain how—counterintuitively—both key aspects of vaccines still prevent monopolists from extracting the same profits as they can for repeat-purchase therapeutics. The preventative and durable aspects of vaccines generate substantial social benefits, but policymakers should recognize that these features also reduce incentives to develop vaccines in the first place—particularly when these benefits lead to political pressure for low vaccine prices. We conclude by arguing that innovation policy should address these market distortions by experimenting with larger government-set rewards for vaccine production and use. Most modestly, policymakers should increase direct funding—including on grants and public–private partnerships—and insurance-based market subsidies for vaccine development. We also make the case for a large cash prize for any new vaccine made available at low or zero cost.
Quickest Joint Detection and Classification of Faults in Statistically Periodic Processes

An algorithm is proposed to detect and classify a change in the distribution of a stochastic process that has periodic statistical behavior. The problem is posed in the framework of independent and periodically identically distributed (i.p.i.d.) processes, a recently introduced class of processes to model statistically periodic data. It is shown that the proposed algorithm is asymptotically optimal as the rate of false alarms and the probability of misclassification goes to zero. This problem has applications in anomaly detection in traffic data, social network data, ECG data, and neural data, where periodic statistical behavior has been observed. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated by application to real and simulated data.
Effect of a High-Intensity Dietary Intervention on Changes in Dietary Intake and Eating Pathology during a Multicomponent Adolescent Obesity Intervention

Concerns remain about dietary changes during pediatric obesity treatment and eating pathology, which have not been investigated. This secondary data analysis from a randomized clinical trial examined associations between adolescents' changes in energy intake and diet quality during obesity treatment with post-treatment eating pathology. Adolescents (N = 82: 13.7 ± 1.2 y, 34.9 ± 7.0 kg/m2, 63.4% female, 46.3% black) received TEENS+, a 4-month multicomponent intervention. TEENS+ provided individualized dietary goals (1200-1800 kcal/day; number of "Go" foods/day (low-energy, high-nutrient-dense foods)). At 0 and 4 months, 3-day food records assessed energy intake and diet quality (Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015)). Two HEI-2015 subscores were created: components to increase (increase), and components to limit (decrease). The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire measured eating pathology (total score and subscales: restraint; and eating, weight, and shape concern). Corrected p-values are reported as q-values. Energy intake decreased (-292 ± 418 kcal/day; q < 0.001), while diet quality improved during treatment (total HEI-2015 (4.5 ± 15.1; q = 0.034) and increase (3.3 ± 9.4; q = 0.011)). Restraint increased (+0.6 ± 1.4; q < 0.001), whereas shape (-0.5 ± 1.3; q = 0.004) and weight (-0.5 ± 1.4; q = 0.015) concerns decreased. Greater decreases in energy intake were associated with greater restraint post-treatment (F = 17.69; q < 0.001). No other significant associations were observed. Changes in adolescents' dietary intake during obesity treatment were unrelated to increased shape, weight, or eating concerns post-treatment.
Medical Treatment with Targeted Therapy for Metastatic Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma

Targeted therapeutic strategies are becoming a reality for patients with urothelial carcinoma. An FGFR inhibitor and an antibody drug conjugate gained FDA approval in 2019. In addition, there are other ongoing efforts to characterize distinct molecular subtypes of urothelial carcinoma (UC) that contain targetable genomic alterations. The future will see more studies to identify new targets, biomarkers of response, and mechanisms of resistance, thus leading to continued expansion of our strategies against UC. Here, we summarize the prominent strategies in targeted therapy for advanced-stage UC.
All in the farm: an unusual case of endocarditis and pericarditis.

![Figure][1] [![Graphic][3] ][3][![Graphic][4] ][4] A 57-year-old Caucasian farmer presented with fatigue, weight gain, edema, dyspnea, orthopnea, and migratory arthralgias for 18 months. Physical exam was notable for fever, jugular venous distension, and a positive Kussmaul's
Cultural antecedents of green behavioral intent: An environmental theory of planned behavior

While ecological awareness and behaviors are slowly improving, we need worldwide action to ameliorate and counteract humanity's aversive impact on nature. Our study develops, validates, and evaluates an environmental theory of planned behavior model aimed at predicting green (i.e., environmentally-friendly) behavioral intentions using a bi-national sample (n = 162). Then, a second, primarily bi-national sample (n = 144) is used to expand the theory and examine the effects of identity, operationalized as independent and interdependent self-construal, on green behavioral intentions. The results indicate that how we define our self has a substantial impact on our intents to protect the environment. Our findings add to previous work on the role of self-identity and provide a new theoretical perspective to guide green policy and changes aimed at increasing sustainability.
Progressive Speed Practice in Learning a Continuous Motor Skill

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of progressive and gradually increasing speed practice on motor skill acquisition using the pursuit rotor. Subjects in the three treatment groups were given 2 days of practice at gradually increasing speeds while the control group practiced at the criterion speed. On the third day all groups performed 12 transfer trials at the criterion speed. Randomized ANOVA and Treatment X Subjects analysis were computed on the last nine transfer trials. No significant differences were observed among the groups for any of the transfer trials. There was no significant improvement in performance within groups during transfer trials. These findings suggest that the appropriate spatial and temporal organization necessary to perform a continuous motor task can be acquired as efficiently through a gradual and progressive increase in speed as through a program of constant practice at the criterion speed.
Building Strategic Partnerships in Wine Marketing

Abstract This study examines the relationship between U.S. wine distributors and wineries. Specifically, it identifies the factors distributors believe contribute to successful winery-distributor relationships. Web-based survey research was conducted with 81 usable responses received. Results indicate that wine quality, dependability of the producer, price, and personal relationship between the winery and distributor are the most important factors in determining whether a distributor will carry a specific wine in their sales portfolio.
A Review of “Freedom Papers: An Atlantic Odyssey in the Age of Emancipation”

In Freedom Papers, microhistorical narratives about different regions of the Atlantic world come together in the multigenerational Vincent-Tinchant family saga and odyssey. Superior research and wr...
Ertapenem Therapy for Community‐Acquired Pneumonia in the Elderly

Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of ertapenem, 1 g once a day, with ceftriaxone, 1 g once a day, for treatment of the subgroup of patients aged 65 and older with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) requiring parenteral therapy. Design: Combined data from patients aged 65 and older in two randomized, double-blind clinical trials. Setting: Eighty international centers. Participants: Eight hundred fifty-seven treated patients, of whom 351 were aged 65 and older. Interventions: Intravenous or intramuscular ertapenem or ceftriaxone with the option to switch to oral amoxicillin-clavulanate after at least 3 days of parenteral therapy. Measurements: Clinical efficacy was assessed at completion of parenteral therapy and 7 to 14 days after all therapy had been completed (test of cure (TOC) assessment). Bacterial eradication was assessed at the TOC visit. Safety was assessed daily during study therapy and for 14 days thereafter. Results: One hundred forty-eight clinically evaluable patients aged 65 and older were treated with ertapenem and 125 with ceftriaxone. Pathogens were identified in 157 (57.5%) patients (the most common being Streptococcus pneumoniae), most of which were penicillin-susceptible. Clinical cure rates were 95.9% for patients in the ertapenem group and 92.7% for patients in the ceftriaxone group at completion of parenteral therapy and 93.9% and 90.4%, respectively, at the TOC assessment. Overall bacterial eradication rates were 92.8% (77 of 83) for patients treated with ertapenem and 93.2% (69 of 74) for those treated with ceftriaxone. The most common drug-related adverse experiences in both treatment groups were diarrhea and mild to moderate elevation of serum aminotransferase levels. Conclusion: Ertapenem 1 g once a day was highly effective for treatment of elderly patients with CAP requiring parenteral therapy and was as effective as ceftriaxone. Ertapenem was generally well tolerated, with an overall safety profile similar to ceftriaxone.
Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerized tomography in differentiated thyroid cancer management: Importance of clinical justification and value in predicting survival.

Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate the added value of follow-up fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) to clinical assessment and predicting survival outcome in patients with differentiated thyroid cancers. Methods This is an institutional review board approved, retrospective study of 202 biopsy-proven thyroid cancer patients at a single tertiary centre. A total of 327 follow-up or surveillance PET/CT scans done 6 or more months from initial treatment completion were included in this study. Median follow-up from completion of primary treatment was 94 months (range, 6.17–534.1 months). Overall survival benefit was measured using Kaplan–Meier plots with a Mantel–Cox log-rank test. Multivariate Cox regression model is provided with clinical covariates. Results Of the 327 PET/CT scans from 202 patients, 161 were positive and 166 as negative for recurrence or metastasis. A total of 23 patients died during the study period. Patients with a positive PET/CT scan had shorter overall survival than those who had a negative scan (P < 0.0001, hazard ratio 6.1 (3.0–14.3) ). In the context of clinical assessment, PET/CT identified recurrence in 50% (25/50) of scans without prior clinical suspicion and ruled out recurrence in 36.8% (102/277) of scans with prior clinical suspicion. In a multivariate Cox regression model, factors associated with overall survival were stage (P < 0.0001), time to scan (P = 0.0005) and PET/CT result (P < 0.0001). Conclusion FDG PET/CT performed in follow-up more than 6 months from primary treatment completion adds value to clinical judgment and a prognostic marker of overall survival in thyroid cancer patients.
Asynchronous implementation of parallel architectures

The fundamentals of asynchronous operation are described. The ease with which asynchronous parallel architectures can be realized through automated synthesis tools is demonstrated. An interconnection of system modules, fully asynchronous design, and asynchronous interconnection circuit synthesis is described. >
Health Counseling for Adolescents: What They Want, What They Get, and Who Gives It

To determine the extent of health counseling received by college freshmen from their primary health care providers, 362 students answered questions regarding 15 health topics. Internists provided more counseling than pediatricians and family/general practitioners about smoking and alcohol use, more than pediatricians about drug use and heart disease prevention, and more than family/general practitioners about weight control and nutrition. Pediatricians exceeded family/general practitioners in counseling about weight control and nutrition but did not exceed internists in any areas. For 11 of 15 topics, more than 75% of students reported receiving no counseling. Women were counseled for stress and contraception more frequently than men. Overall, topics most often discussed by physicians were exercise, nutrition, and breast self-examination. The topics most frequently requested by students were exercise, stress (women), depression, weight control (women) and sexually transmitted diseases (men). These data suggest that adolescents receive little health counseling from personal physicians, especially regarding topics leading to great morbidity and mortality for this age group. Pediatricians, especially, must increase the extent of counseling if they are to meet the American Academy of Pediatrics9 goal of providing care to adolescents and young adults.
Dual drug release from CO2-infused nanofibers via hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions

This study investigated the effects of hydrophobic–hydrophilic interactions on dual drug release from CO2-infused nanofibers scaffolds (PCL, PCL–gelatin, and PCL “core” PCL–gelatin “shell”) using BODIPY 493/503 and Rhodamine B fluorescent dyes as drug models. Favorable dye–scaffold interactions increased total dye loading and promoted steady, more linear release. Unfavorable dye–scaffold interactions reduced overall loading and led to a greater burst release of dye. However, when CO2 was used to infuse dye into an unfavorable scaffold, the changes in loading and release were less pronounced. When two dyes were infused, these behaviors were accentuated due to interactions between the dissolved forms of the dyes. Core–shell composite nanofibers displayed radically different release properties versus pure PCL–gelatin fibers when treated with dyes via CO2 infusion. Dye release from core–shell scaffolds was highly sensitive to both interactions with scaffolds and the phase of CO2 used to infuse the compounds of interest. By using different phases of CO2 to partition dyes into hydrophobic and hydrophilic sections of core–shell nanofibers, such interactions can be manipulated to develop a bimodal drug release system with potential application in drug delivery or tissue engineering. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42571.
Population Concentration in Los Angeles, 1940––2000

Scholars have long considered Los Angeles the paradigm of a low-density area, yet they have focused more on the effects of density than on density itself. This research note tests the idea that the Los Angeles metropolitan area is low-density——a decentralized metropolis without a pronounced population center. It finds that Los Angeles city is denser than most California cities and most eastern cities that in 1950 were of comparable size. In addition, Los Angeles suburbs are denser than those of Chicago and Philadelphia, two comparably sized cities in 2000. Finally, the Los Angeles area has a visible population center and does not have a polycentric population makeup; there may be several business centers, but only one pronounced population center.
The Acid Hydrolysis Mechanism of Acetals Catalyzed by a Supramolecular Assembly in Basic Solution

A self-assembled supramolecular host catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetals in basic aqueous solution. The mechanism of hydrolysis is consistent with the Michaelis−Menten kinetic model. Further investigation of the rate-limiting step of the reaction revealed a negative entropy of activation (ΔS⧧ = −9 cal mol−1 K−1) and an inverse solvent isotope effect (k(H2O)/k(D2O) = 0.62). These data suggest that the mechanism of hydrolysis that takes place inside the assembly proceeds through an A-2 mechanism, in contrast to the A-1 mechanism operating in the uncatalyzed reaction. Comparison of the rates of acetal hydrolysis in the assembly with the rate of the reaction of unencapsulated substrates reveals rate accelerations of up to 980 over the background reaction for the substrate 1,1-diethoxyethane.
Chemical studies of proteins that degrade pheromones : Cyclopropanated, fluorinated, and electrophilic analogs of unsaturated aldehyde pheromones.

Aldehyde components of lepidopterous pheromones are converted to carboxylic acids by aldehyde oxidizing enzymes (AOEs) that are present at high levels in antennal tissues of adult moths. The AOEs may include O2-requiring aldehyde oxidases as well as nucleotide-cofactor-requiring aldehyde dehydrogenases. Three classes of inhibitors were synthesized and examined in vitro for AOE inhibition usingHeliothis virescens antennae: (1) cyclopropanols, (2) α-fluorinated aldehydes, and (3) α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. First, cyclopropanated analogs of (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11–16∶A1), a common unsaturated aldehyde component of many species' pheromone blends, were synthesized as isosteric pheromone analogs and as potential inhibitors of the moth AOEs. NMR assignments are reported for thecis- andtrans-cyclopropanols. Cyclopropanols appear to act as oxidase-activated AOE inhibitors, perhaps via the unstable cyclopropanones. Second, α-fluoro and α,α-difluoro substituted analogs ofZ9–14∶A1 were synthesized and shown to be modest inhibitors of both the alcohol oxidase and AOE activities. Finally, the most potent inhibitors were α,β-unsaturated carbonyl mimics of theZ11–16∶A1. The α-methylene aldehyde was 1000-fold less effective than the vinyl ketoneZ1,11–16∶3-oxo. This inhibition appears irreversible and is postulated to involve electrophilic modification of an active site sulfur nucleophile.
Tritiation of SR141716 by metallation–iodination–reduction: tritium‐proton nOe study

The central cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR141716, N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2, 4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide, was synthesized from commercially available starting materials. Condensation of an aryl hydrazine with a diketone followed by base promoted isomerization/cyclization of the intermediate anti-imine gave the pyrazole acid which was converted to the title hydrazide via its acid chloride. Facile iodination via metallation followed by in situ trapping with an iodine source gave a modest yield of the iodinated SR141716. The iodine was selectively reduced with tritium gas and catalyst while retaining the three aryl chlorine atoms in the structure. The tritiated SR141716 exhibited a tritium-proton nOe both definitively identifying the position of the tritium as well as the sought isomer of the diarylpyrazole. This work provides a direct method for the preparation of preferred iodinated aryl substrates that offer advantages where selectivity and high incorporation in catalytic reduction is sought. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activation of Rabbit Aortic Elastase by Nonaortic Intraabdominal Surgery

The purpose of this study was to determine whether aortic elastase could be activated by distant operative trauma unrelated to direct aortic injury. One hundred rabbits were divided into five groups: group I — anesthesia only; group II — laparotomy only; group III — cecal resection; group IV — aortic mobilization; and group V — aortotomy with repair. Animals were sacrificed at one hour, three hours, six hours, one day, two days, and five days after surgery, and the aorta was analyzed for elastase activity. Operative trauma such as laparotomy, bowel resection, and mobilization of the aorta without direct aortic injury resulted in a significant increase in rabbit aortic elastase. The pattern of activation of rabbit aortic elastase within the laparotomy, aortic mobilization, and aortotomy groups was one of a slow rise to peak activation at 6–24 hours with a subsequent fall towards baseline at five days after surgery. This pattern differed in the cecal resection group in which activation occurred Immediately with a slow fall towards baseline at five days. In none of the four surgical groups did the elastase activity return to baseline by five days after surgery. These data suggest that aortic elastase in rabbits can be activated by intrabdominal surgery unrelated to direct aortic injury.
Art as refuge and protest: Autobiography of a young political prisoner in Argentina

Abstract: Through the use of the case study method (Wallace & Gruber, 1989) I will examine the development of moral responsibility through creative expression under extreme, life‐threatening, conditions. As the title of this article suggests, there exist various enterprises which at times serve different affective functions and become integrated in creative acts of moral responsibility at some peak of the process of maturation of the individual. This article argues for the occurrence of five phases in the development of my moral consciousness in relation to creativity. I passed through these five phases in the development of moral responsibility in the course of my own experience as a political prisoner in Argentina during 4½ years of incarceration. I will examine these stages as they were manifested under extreme conditions. In political prisons in Argentina, for example, the moral obligation of the individual was to preserve the physical and psychological integrity of the self. The five phases developed...
Toward Really Improving the Outcome of Pregnancy: What You Can Do

: Despite long-standing consumer efforts to make childbirth more natural and emotionally rewarding, recent efforts to close small, local maternity units and to consolidate maternity care in large, technologically advanced units have led to increasingly costly, interventive focus by maternity care providers. Health planning on the local, regional and national levels offers the consumer many avenues for instituting community-based, preventive, primary maternity care. This paper sounds a warning and provides information necessary for consumers to take a more politically active role in planning for maternity and newborn care.
Community college corner: crafting a compendium for associated-degree computing curricula

Over the past two decades, the ACM Two-Year College Education Committee (TYCEC) has published associate-degree curricular guidelines that correspond to the five major disciplines clearly identifiable within the realm of computing: Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Systems, and Information Technology. All of these reports have been approved by the ACM Education Board and are freely available from www.acmtyc.org/curricula.cfm. As an overview, the committee characterizes these five computing disciplines and corresponding curricula as follow.
Structural and chemical evolution of Fe-Co-O based ceramics under reduction/oxidation: an in situ neutron diffraction study

Abstract Air-sintered ceramic samples in composition CoO· n Fe 2 O 3 ( n =1 and 2) were prepared in solid-state reactions, resulting in a single spinel phase with composition CoFe 2 O 4 , and a two-phase mixture of identical spinel with α-Fe 2 O 3 for n =1 and 2, respectively. Their structural and chemical evolution over pO 2 range of 10 −0.9 to 10 −19 atm was investigated using in situ neutron diffraction at isothermal condition (∼900 °C). Neutron diffraction data were analyzed through Rietveld refinements. The following sequences of structural transformation from α-Fe 2 O 3 hematite→(Fe,Co)-spinel→(Fe,Co) 1− x O wustite→(Fe,Co)O rocksalt→γ-(Fe,Co)→α-(Fe,Co)→(γ-(Fe,Co)) were observed on the reduction of FeCoO based ceramics. With the development of reduction at pO 2 down to 10 −15 atm, mixed valence (Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ ) spinel was first formed in Fe-excess (Fe, Co) spinel phases. The intermediate phases were usually Co-rich compared with their parent mixed oxide phases. Particularly, the initial metallic precipitate is Co-rich γ, independent of initial stoichiometry. Reduction kinetics at pO 2 of ∼10 −19 atm is extremely fast, but crystalline form and structural integrity are maintained. As crystal structures of the various involved phases are very similar, few structural blocks were disturbed as oxygen was released from the samples. In addition, re-oxidation behavior of reduced products was also studied, and phase composition and microstructure of post-neutron experiments were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.
CRT-702 Composite Outcomes In 2.25-mm Drug Eluting Stents: A Meta-analysis And Systematic Review

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of small vessels is associated with a high restenosis rate. Drug-eluting stents (DES) reduce restenosis in coronary arteries, but the role of DES in small coronary vessels has not been well defined. In our systematic review, we aim to summarize all known
Exploiting mobility heterogeneity in micro-aerial vehicle deployments for environment exploration

A cooperative deployment strategy for effective exploration of unknown environments by micro-aerial vehicles with limited sensing is presented. The approach advances an exploration objective while optimizing localization quality to ensure stable and safe operation. The impact of heterogeneous vehicle mobility, environment sensing, and inter-vehicle range measurements on system performance is considered. Numerical simulations demonstrate the need for vehicles to coordinate and choose to land in support of enhanced cooperative localization accuracy. Sensitivity to limited range and uncertainty typical of micro-aerial vehicles is evaluated in numerical simulations that demonstrate the application of the cooperative deployment strategy in challenging environments given each vehicle's sensor capabilities.
Molecular characterization of the Drosophila melanogaster urate oxidase gene, an ecdysone-repressible gene expressed only in the malpighian tubules.

Abstract The urate oxidase (UO) gene of Drosophila melanogaster is expressed during the third-instar larval and adult stages, exclusively within a subset of cells of the Malpighian tubules. The UO gene contains a 69-base-pair intron and encodes mature mRNAs of 1,224, 1,227, and 1,244 nucleotides, depending on the site of 3' endonucleolytic cleavage prior to polyadenylation. A direct repeat, 5'-AAGTGAGAGTGAT-3', is the proposed cis-regulatory element involved in 20-hydroxyecdysone repression of the UO gene. The deduced amino acid sequences of UO of D. melanogaster, rat, mouse, and pig and uricase II of soybean show 32 to 38% identity, with 22% of amino acid residues identical in all species. With use of P-element-mediated germ line transformation, 826 base pairs 5' and approximately 1,200 base pairs 3' of the D. melanogaster UO transcribed region contain all of the cis elements allowing for appropriate temporal regulation and Malpighian tubule-specific expression of the UO gene.
Effect of Velocity Ratio on Noise Source Distribution of Coaxial Jets

The noise source distribution of coaxial jets with a diameter ratio of 1.6 and variable velocity ratio is investigated with a small-aperture microphone phased array. The array design enables differentiation of noise emitted by large-scale and fine-scale turbulence structures, which have different directivities. The acoustic data are complemented by pitot surveys of the mean flow, which yield measurements of the primary and secondary cores of the jet. For zero velocity ratio (single-stream jet), the region near the nozzle emits strong high-frequency noise. Increasing the secondary-to-primary velocity ratio suppresses the near-nozzle noise and extends the location of the peak noise downstream, which increases moderately. The axial location of peak noise is approximately situated at the end of the primary core. The suppression of high-frequency noise is explained by the creation and elongation of the secondary core as the velocity ratio increases. The acoustic trends with velocity ratio are similar for small and large array observation angles from which large-scale and fine-scale turbulence noise, respectively, have been shown to radiate. However, the increase in peak noise is more pronounced for the large-scale noise.
Shuttle Imaging Radar - B/C instruments

The successfully flown Shuttle Imaging Radar-B (SIR-B) instrument is described, giving details of the hardware, the subsystem functions, and the Shuttle interfaces. The preliminary design of the SIR-C instrument is described, giving an overview of the preliminary hardware design, the subsystem functional design, and the Shuttle interfaces.
Maximum finger force prediction using a planar simulation of the middle finger

Maximum isometric finger-grip forces were predicted using a biomechanical model for plane motion of the middle finger. In the course of this study, mathematical representations of tendon displacement, the moment arm of tendon at the finger joints and muscle force-length relationship were investigated. The information gathered was applied to the model to estimate the maximum grip force of the middle finger gripping cylinders of different sizes. Muscle force per unit physiological cross-section area of 30 N/cm2 resulted in good agreement with measured force. However, for finger postures having an acute proximal interphalangeal joint angle, the estimated force was greater than that measured. Various joint angles were applied to the model to simulate the wrist and finger postures not limited to the cylinder grip. In general the finger force was greatest with the wrist in its extended position and at acute flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint. The maximum finger force occurred at reduced metacarpophalangeal joint angles as the wrist joint changed from an extended position to a flexed one. It is also postulated that muscle force-length relationship is an important factor in muscle force predictions. The data obtained by this research are useful for the design of handles and the current model is applicable to the analysis of hand postures for workers using hand tools.