cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sobre delirios y ficciones

A continuacion nos proponemos realizar una resena de la novela del antropologo y Doctor en Sociologia, Fabian Sanabria. Si bien es cierto que resenar una novela no es lo mismo que hacerlo con un texto “academico”, podemos decir que la trayectoria del profesor Sanabria en el mundo universitario nos permite valorar su texto en esa doble acepcion.
Using Visual Arts as a Proxy for Language: Addressing the Marginalization of Linguistic Minority Parents

This article discusses a school-wide implementation of an arts-based initiative to address the alienation experienced by linguistic minority parents. In order to assuage the prevalent, although unintentional, practices of marginalization, a group of students and teachers established a platform that enabled shared discourse among minority and mainstream parents. Benefits could be discerned on multiple levels and were attained in incremental stages during the months and years following the implementation. The deliberately structured engagement made way for a school-wide reconsideration of policies and procedures, which led to broader and impassioned participation of all parents. The article concludes by discussing the implications of grass root endeavors, such as the arts-based initiative discussed below, in mitigating the structures of inequities within individual school systems that, in effect, replicate the social injustice seen outside of schools.
Small-molecule control of cytokine function: new opportunities for treating immune disorders

Manipulating cytokine function with protein-based drugs has proven effective for treating a wide variety of autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders. However, the limited ability of protein-based drugs to modulate intracellular targets, including many implicated by studies of the genetics and physiology of these diseases, and to coordinately neutralize redundant inflammatory cytokines, suggests an important and complementary role for small molecules in immunomodulatory drug development. The recent clinical approval of Janus kinase and phosphodiesterase inhibitors, along with emerging evidence from other compound classes, firmly establish small molecules as effective tools for modulating therapeutically relevant proteins that give rise to aberrant cytokine signaling or mediate its downstream consequences.
Force applicability of robotic mechanisms

In this paper, the statics of robotic mechanisms is discussed considering the constraints between the end effectors and the environment. In order that the end effector applies the desired force to the environment, the required joint torque of the robotic mechanism has been computed by multiplying the transposed Jacobian matrix to the desired force. However, to generate this torque is only a necessary condition and does not guarantee that it does apply the force to the environment. This paper shows a necessary and sufficient condition for the force applicability of robotic mechanisms and proves it. The necessary and sufficient condition works even for redundant manipulators and manipulators at singular states.
A simple rapid method for the preparation of en face endothelial (Häutchen) monolayers from rat and rabbit aortas.

This report describes a new method for preparing Hautchen monolayers for autoradiography with photographic emulsion contacting either the abluminal or luminal endothelial surface. Included is a means for monitoring completeness of the monolayer and retrieving cells which fail to adhere to it. Cell retrieval may be important in studies requiring autographic evaluation of endothelial cell populations. The procedure has been applied to endothelium containing newly reendothelialized aortic regions.
One-step tuning algorithm for π -mode cavities

Cavities for $\ensuremath{\pi}$-mode operation are used in existing accelerators and are being built for many future systems. One of the steps in cavity construction is tuning individual cells within the cavity to ensure that the absolute values of relative peak on-axis electric field amplitudes in each cell are equal. This process may have multiple iterative steps: measuring the on-axis fields using bead-pull techniques, employing tuning methods to perturb the cells, making cell adjustments, and then repeating the process on the basis of the new results. This paper describes a one-step process for an $N$ cell cavity that provides the necessary adjustment for each cell to achieve equal field amplitude absolute values from one bead-pull measurement. In addition, a method is shown for inferring relative cell fields while a cavity is operational in an accelerator complex.
Gamma irradiation of corn plants: Effects of exposure, exposure rate, and developmental stage on survival, height, and grain yield of two cultivars

Two cultivars of corn ( Zea mays L., cv. ‘WF9 × 38-11’ and ‘Golden Bantam’) were treated at different developmental stages with 60 Co gamma radiation at different exposures and rates. When given an acute exposure in the seedling stage, Golden Bantam was more sensitive than WF9 X 38-11 as measured by a reduction in survival and grain yield. A plot of the effect of exposure rate on the level of exposure required to eliminate grain production (YD 100 ) gave parallel curves for the the two cultivars and showed dependence of YD 100 on exposure rate below 16 R/min. Additional experiments demonstrated that WF9 × 38-11 was affected more severely by acute irradiation during tassel and ear primordia initiation than during the vegetative stage as measured by a reduction in plant height and grain yield. When chronic irradiation was used, WF9 × 38-11 plants exposed during the vegetative and gametogenic stages were affected more severely than those exposed during the embryogenic stage as measured by a reduction in height and grain yield.
Practice Makes Practice: Learning to Teach in Teacher Education

In this article, we argue that teaching is and should be a central element to learning to teach, particularly as teacher education once again turns toward practice. From this perspective, we must elaborate how such a shift addresses the need to bridge the gap between knowledge for teaching and knowledge from teaching, between theory and practice, and among university courses and fieldwork. If the intent of such a shift is to fundamentally change the preparation of teachers, we argue that it requires teacher education programs to do more than increase the amount of time candidates spend in clinical field placements. It requires, we argue, that teacher educators engage in simultaneous innovation in three related, but distinct aspects of program design and implementation: organizational structures and policies, content and curriculum, and teacher education pedagogy. Without such dynamic engagement, the practice-turn will go the way of many past reforms in teacher education—it will be symbolic but not signifi...
Using the ratings grid in tourism/event management

Purpose – Ratings grids, emerging from personal construct theory, measure an individual's perception of a situation. This paper and exercises seek to demonstrate how researchers and managers can use the grid to evaluate visitors' perceptions of an attraction or event.Design/methodology/approach – A training exercise explains how to use the ratings grid, a type of repertory grid, to evaluate tourist attractions or special events. A ratings grid example analyzes visitors' impressions of an art festival (n=142). The steps taken for grid development, administration strategy, and analysis are discussed and described.Findings – The results suggest that visitors' impressions of the art festival are consistent with the festival's communication objectives. These findings suggest that the art festival presents itself to visitors accurately.Research limitations/implications – Ratings grids are designed to examine only the elements a researcher selects. Important elements to respondents may be overlooked using this t...
The Calculation of Internal Conversion Coefficients

We treat the internal conversion of nuclear $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-rays by methods suited especially to the cases of the artificially radioactive elements. The paper is divided into five parts: Section 1 discusses the radiative transitions in nuclei of middle atomic weights, where one may expect large angular momentum changes and low energy of excitation; in Section 2 we consider the selection rules for the various types of nuclear radiation, and the conditions on their strictness; in Section 3 we examine the choice of potentials for the representation of the multipole fields; Section 4 contains calculations leading to a nonrelativistic formula for the conversion of electric multipole radiation of any order, applicable for $Zl40$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray $\ensuremath{\ll}m{c}^{2}$; and very simple relativistic formulae are derived, good for high $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray energy but restricted to low binding, $Zl30$, for both magnetic and electric multipoles of any order. We summarize the qualitative behavior of the formulae in a conclusion.
Understanding consumer acceptance of early harvested 'Hayward' kiwifruit

During two seasons, ‘in-store’ consumer acceptance tests were performed to determine the relationship between ripe soluble solids concentration (RSSC) and/or ripe titratable acidity (RTA) on ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit consumer acceptance. For this, 252 consumers were presented kiwifruit slice samples with RSSC of 11.0, 12.0, 13.0, and 14.0% with a RTA ranging from 0.8 to 1.2%. Kiwifruit with RSSC that ranged from 11.6 to 13.5% were always liked by consumers but with different degrees of liking. A 12.5% RSSC is proposed as a minimum quality index for early-marketed kiwifruit. RTA played a significant role in consumer acceptance only on kiwifruit that had RSSC11.6% with RTA1.17% (‘sour’). This kiwifruit quality survey indicated that some vineyards had kiwifruit with RSSC higher than 12.5% before they met the recommended minimum maturity standard of 6.5% HSSC. Kiwifruit picked with SSC6.2% developed flesh breakdown. This work demonstrated that some California vineyards could produce high taste quality (12.5% RSSC) kiwifruit before they reach 6.5% SSC measured when kiwifruit are hanging on the vines. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Preemptive Axillo-Axillary Placement of Percutaneous Transseptal Ventricular Assist Device to Facilitate High-Risk Reoperative Cardiac Surgery

We describe preemptive placement of a TandemHeart percutaneous left ventricular assist device (CardiacAssist Inc, Pittsburgh, PA) through the axillary artery and vein for temporary postoperative support in a patient with severe left ventricular dysfunction undergoing high-risk cardiac reoperation. We believe this approach is preferable to high-dose catecholamines because of preserved early tissue perfusion without excessive vasoconstriction. Axillo-axillary placement is advantageous because patients can sit up and partially mobilize, and there is no need to reopen the chest for explantation.
The Imagine Stream Processor

The Imagine Stream Processor is a single-chip programmable media processor with 48 parallel ALUs. At 400 MHz, this translates to a peak arithmetic rate of 16 GFLOPS on single-precision data and 32 GOPS on 16 bit fixed-point data. The scalability of Imagine's programming model and architecture enable it to achieve such high arithmetic rates. Imagine executes applications that have been mapped to the stream programming model. The stream model decomposes applications into a set of computation kernels that operate on data streams. This mapping exposes the inherent locality and parallelism in the application, and Imagine exploits the locality and parallelism to provide a scalable architecture that supports 48 ALUs on a single chip. This paper presents the Imagine architecture and programming model in the first half and explores the scalability of the Imagine architecture in the second half.
Wafer Level Reliability Screens

This tutorial discusses test methods and voltage stress approaches required to ensure effective cost effective defect screening to produce high quality, reliable products. Wafer level reliability screens (WLRS) refers to the application of screens during wafer test that will both activate and detect a sufficient number of defects so that early life failure rate (ELFR) is reduced enough to meet customer spec, preferably without doing burn-in. Further, these screens have to have acceptable yield loss and acceptable test times.
Prediction of Nephrotoxicant Action and Identification of Candidate Toxicity-Related Biomarkers

A vast majority of pharmacological compounds and their metabolites are excreted via the urine, and within the complex structure of the kidney, the proximal tubules are a main target site of nephrot...
Regulatory B10 Cells Differentiate into Antibody-Secreting Cells After Transient IL-10 Production In Vivo

Regulatory B cells that are functionally defined by their capacity to express IL-10 (B10 cells) downregulate inflammation and autoimmunity. In studies using well-defined IL-10 reporter mice, this rare B10 cell subset was also found to maintain a capacity for plasma cell differentiation. During a transient period of il10 transcription, the blimp1 and irf4 transcription factors were induced in B10 cells, whereas pax5 and bcl6 were downregulated as a significant fraction of B10 cells completed the genetic and phenotypic program leading to Ab-secreting cell differentiation in vitro and in vivo. B10 cell-derived IgM reacted with both self- and foreign Ags, whereas B10 cells generated Ag-specific IgG in response to immunizations. Moreover, B10 cells represented a significant source of serum IgM and IgG during adoptive-transfer experiments and produced Ag-specific, polyreactive and autoreactive Ab specificities that were consistent with their expression of a diverse AgR repertoire. Thereby, B10 cells limit inflammation and immune responses by the transient production of IL-10, and may facilitate clearance of their eliciting Ags through an inherent capacity to quickly generate polyreactive and/or Ag-specific Abs during humoral immune responses.
Centralized–decentralized optimization for refinery scheduling

This paper presents a novel decomposition strategy for solving large scale refinery scheduling problems. Instead of formulating one huge and unsolvable MILP or MINLP for centralized problem, we propose a general decomposition scheme that generates smaller sub-systems that can be solved to global optimality. The original problem is decomposed at intermediate storage tanks such that inlet and outlet streams of the tank belong to the different sub-systems. Following the decomposition, each decentralized problem is solved to optimality and the solution to the original problem is obtained by integrating the optimal schedule of each sub-systems. Different case studies of refinery scheduling are presented to illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed decentralized strategy. The conditions under which these two types of optimization strategies (centralized and decentralized) give the same optimal result are discussed.
Factors Influencing Member Participation in Trade Union Activities

Are you an active member, the kind that would be missed? Or are you just contented, that your name is on the list? Do you attend the meetings, and mingle with the flock? Or do you stay at home to criticize and knock? Do you ever go to visit a member who is sick? Or leave the work to just a few and talk about the clique? Think this over, member-you know right from wrong. Are you an active member, or do you just belong?1
Atmospheric modeling of high‐ and low‐frequency methane observations: Importance of interannually varying transport

[1] We compare modeled and observed atmospheric methane (CH4) between 1996 and 2001, focusing on the role of interannually varying (IAV) transport. The comparison uses observations taken at 13 high-frequency (∼hourly) in situ and 6 low-frequency (∼weekly) flask measurement sites. To simulate atmospheric methane, we use the global 3-D chemical transport model (MATCH) driven by NCEP reanalyzed winds at T62 resolution (∼1.8° × 1.8°). For the simulation, both methane surface emissions and atmospheric sink (OH destruction) are prescribed as annually repeating fields; thus, atmospheric transport is the only IAV component in the simulation. MATCH generally reproduces the amplitude and phase of the observed methane seasonal cycles. At the high-frequency sites, the model also captures much of the observed CH4 variability due to transient synoptic events, which are sometimes related to global transport events. For example, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Nino are shown to influence year-to-year methane observations at Mace Head (Ireland) and Cape Matatula (Samoa), respectively. Simulations of individual flask measurements are generally more difficult to interpret at certain sites, partially due to observational undersampling in areas of high methane variability. A model-observational comparison of methane monthly means at seven coincident in situ and flask locations shows a better comparison at the in situ sites. Additional simulations conducted at coarser MATCH resolution (T42, ∼2.8° × 2.8°) showed differences from the T62 simulation at sites near strong emissions. This study highlights the importance of using consistent observed meteorology to simulate atmospheric methane, especially when comparing to high-frequency observations.
Nitric oxide and the role of blood pressure variability to the kidney.

Blood pressure variability is buffered by at least two mechanisms: the arterial baroreceptor reflex and nitric oxide (NO). Only recently is the importance of blood pressure variations on cardiovascular control being investigated. Here we report of a study performed in conscious dogs, in which renovascular hypertension was induced Reduction of renal arterial pressure (RAP) to 85 mmHg for 24 h elicited profound hypertension by 60 mmHg (vs. control: 110 ± 3 mmHg; P < 0.01). This was accompanied by reduced volume and sodium excretion (-48% of control, P < 0.01 and -80% of control, P < 0.01, respectively) and augmented renin release by more than two-fold (P < 0.01). This intervention was compared with a protocol in which RAP was reduced to the same mean value, however, RAP oscillated by ±10 mmHg at 0.1 Hz. This manoeuvre led to a transient increase in NO 3 excretion in urine (P < 0.01), blunted antidiuresis (-14% of control) as well as antinatriuresis (-40% of control) and attenuated the increased renin release by 30% (P < 0.05). In consequence, the magnitude of blood pressure increase was only half as high as that observed during static reduction of RAP (P < 0.01). It is concluded that blood pressure oscillations to the kidney have a profound influence on water and electrolyte balance and on renin release, which alleviates the onset of Goldblatt hypertension.
Activity of telavancin compared to other agents against coagulase-negative staphylococci with different resistotypes by time kill.

Abstract Among 10 coagulase-negative staphylococci, telavancin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, and tigecycline were the most potent antimicrobials. Telavancin exhibited bactericidal effect to 9 strains out of 10 tested at 4 × MIC after 24 h of exposure similar to those of vancomycin and daptomycin. By contrast, linezolid was mainly bacteriostatic and teicoplanin was bactericidal to 7 strains tested at 4 × MIC after 24 h.
Production planning with loaddependent lead times and safety stocks for a single product

Queuing models have demonstrated the nonlinear relationship between resource utilisation, which is determined by production planning decisions, and lead times. Both production planning decisions and safety stock levels are driven by lead times, and are thus tightly interrelated. However, production planning and safety stock calculations have generally been carried out separately. We propose a production planning model for a singlestage singleproduct system that integrates release planning and safety stock considerations. Concave clearing functions are used to capture the nonlinear relationship between resource utilisation and lead times, while chance constraints represent the need to plan inventories to achieve desired service levels. Extensive computational experiments indicate that the proposed model provides an excellent tradeoff between customer service and inventory costs.
Short Range Chemical Ordering in Bulk Metallic Glasses

We provide direct experimental evidence for a non-random distribution of atomic constituents in Zr-based multi-component bulk metallic glasses using positron annihilation spectroscopy. The Ti content around the open-volume regions is significantly enhanced at the expense of Cu and Ni, indicating that Cu and Ni occupy most of the volume bounded by their neighboring atoms while Ti and Zr are less closely packed and more likely to be associated with open-volume regions. Temperature-dependent measurements indicate the presence of at least two different characteristic sizes for the open volume regions. Measurements on hydrogen-charged samples show that the larger open-volume regions can be filled by hydrogen up to a critical density. Beyond this critical density, local atomic-scale open-volume damage is created in the sample to accommodate additional hydrogen. The onset of this local damage in positron annihilation data coincides with the onset of volume expansion in X-ray diffraction data.
Modeling Visual Function Limitation Measures

According to the WHO classification of health problems, visual system disorders lead to vision impairments. Chronic vision impairments cause disabilities, and unaddressed disabilities lead to handicaps.
A high-precision rule-based extraction system for expanding geospatial metadata in GenBank records

Objective The metadata reflecting the location of the infected host (LOIH) of virus sequences in GenBank often lacks specificity. This work seeks to enhance this metadata by extracting more specific geographic information from related full-text articles and mapping them to their latitude/longitudes using knowledge derived from external geographical databases. Materials and Methods We developed a rule-based information extraction framework for linking GenBank records to the latitude/longitudes of the LOIH. Our system first extracts existing geospatial metadata from GenBank records and attempts to improve it by seeking additional, relevant geographic information from text and tables in related full-text PubMed Central articles. The final extracted locations of the records, based on data assimilated from these sources, are then disambiguated and mapped to their respective geo-coordinates. We evaluated our approach on a manually annotated dataset comprising of 5728 GenBank records for the influenza A virus. Results We found the precision, recall, and f-measure of our system for linking GenBank records to the latitude/longitudes of their LOIH to be 0.832, 0.967, and 0.894, respectively. Discussion Our system had a high level of accuracy for linking GenBank records to the geo-coordinates of the LOIH. However, it can be further improved by expanding our database of geospatial data, incorporating spell correction, and enhancing the rules used for extraction. Conclusion Our system performs reasonably well for linking GenBank records for the influenza A virus to the geo-coordinates of their LOIH based on record metadata and information extracted from related full-text articles.
Issues of motivation and identity positioning: two teachers’ motivational practices for engaging immigrant children in learning heritage languages

ABSTRACTThis study investigates two Korean heritage language teachers’ motivational practices in relation to their identity positioning as heritage language (HL) teachers. Constant-comparative analyses of teachers’ interviews and classroom practices showed that the two teachers’ identity positioning as HL teachers was partially shaped by their earlier teaching experiences in specific cultural contexts and by the degree to which they understood their students as a result of their earlier interactions (or lack thereof). In addition, the teachers’ identity positioning of themselves and their students as well as their positioned relationships with students are closely tied to the teachers’ use of various classroom motivational discourses and practices (e.g. various types of autonomy-supportive versus controlling practices). This study concludes that HL teachers need to reflect on their implicit positioning and practices to better address the needs and perspectives of students in language-teaching contexts, wh...
Nucleinate-Induced Extramedullary Myelopoiesis

Experimental studies1 established the direct action of the nu-cleinate molecule and of the nucleotides comprising it on the myeloid centers in bone marrow. Peripheral leucocytoses sometimes reaching 100,000 per cu. mm. and persisting for 3 to 4 days followed large single intravenous dosages (1 gm.) of these materials in normal rabbits.More recent studies2 have shown that daily injections of 0.35 gm. each of the pentose nucleotides in rabbits for a brief period (5 to 7 days) will produce an hyperplasia of the myeloid tissues in marrow, as proved by serial biopsies, with a definite absolute increase in granulocytes in the general circulation. During the succeeding 7 weeks the peripheral count returned gradually to the preinjection level and the bone marrow resumed its normal myeloplasia.The nucleinate molecule, thus apparently possessing the property of direct myelopoietic stimulation, has been utilized to determine the inherent capacity of normal rabbit's marrow to respond under circumstances of long conti...
Super-Resolution Stacking Based on Compressive Sensing

Summary We propose a new method for computing a superresolution stack directly from CMP gathers by solving an �� 0-norm optimization problem based on compressive sensing principles. The proposed algorithm recovers high resolution signals with fine scales in the Radon domain. The super-resolution stacking result is extracted directly from the transform domain without inversely transforming back to the time-offset domain. We have applied the proposed method on both synthetic and field data sets. Test results clearly show that the super-resolution stacking method eliminates the stretch effect of conventional stack, enhances the signals and removes multiples and undesired events which are non-hyperbolic at far offsets.
GENETIC CONSEQUENCES OF SEED DISPERSAL IN THREE SYMPATRIC FOREST HERBS. I. HIERARCHICAL POPULATION‐GENETIC STRUCTURE

To examine the effects of seed dispersal on spatial genetic structure, we compare three sympatric species of forest herbs in the family Apiaceae whose fruits differ widely in morphological adaptations for animal-attached dispersal. Cryptotaenia canadensis has smooth fruits that are gravity dispersed, whereas Osmorhiza claytonii and Sanicula odorata fruits have appendages that facilitate their attachment to animals. The relative seed-dispersal ability among species, measured as their ability to remain attached to mammal fur, is ranked Sanicula > Osmorhiza > Cryptotaenia. We use a nested hierarchical sampling design to analyze genetic structure at spatial scales ranging from a few meters to hundreds of kilometers. Genetic differentiation among population subdivisions, estimated by average genetic distance and hierarchical F-statistics, has an inverse relationship with dispersal ability such that Cryptotaenia > Osmorhiza > Sanicula. In each species, genetic differentiation increases with distance among population subdivisions. Stochastic variation in gene flow, arising from seed dispersal by attachment to animals, may partly explain the weak relationship between pairwise spatial and genetic distance among populations and heterogeneity in estimates of single locus F-statistics. A hierarchical island model of gene flow is invoked to describe the effects of seed dispersal on population genetic structure. Seed dispersal is the predominant factor affecting variation in gene flow among these ecologically similar, taxonomically related species.
Developmental Changes in Leg Coordination of the Chick at Embryonic Days 9, 11, and 13: Uncoupling of Ankle Movements

To understand changes in motor behavior during development, kinematic measurements were made of the right leg during embryonic motility in chicks on embryonic (E) days 9, 11, and 13. This is an int...
What and when: the role of course type and timing in students' academic performance

In this paper we discuss the results of a study of students' academic performance in first year general education courses. Using data from 566 students who received intensive academic advising as part of their enrollment in the institution's pre-major/general education program, we investigate individual student, organizational, and disciplinary factors that might predict a students' potential classification in an Early Warning System as well as factors that predict improvement and decline in their academic performance. Disciplinary course type (based on Biglan's [7] typology) was significantly related to a student's likelihood to enter below average performance classifications. Students were the most likely to enter a classification in fields like the natural science, mathematics, and engineering in comparison to humanities courses. We attribute these disparities in academic performance to disciplinary norms around teaching and assessment. In particular, the timing of assessments played a major role in students' ability to exit a classification. Implications for the design of Early Warning analytics systems as well as academic course planning in higher education are offered.
Zeta Potential Measurement

This chapter describes a method for the measurement of the electrostatic potential at the electrical double layer surrounding a nanoparticle in solution. This is referred to as the zeta potential. Nanoparticles with a zeta potential between -10 and +10 mV are considered approximately neutral, while nanoparticles with zeta potentials of greater than +30 mV or less than -30 mV are considered strongly cationic and strongly anionic, respectively. Since most cellular membranes are negatively charged, zeta potential can affect a nanoparticle's tendency to permeate membranes, with cationic particles generally displaying more toxicity associated with cell wall disruption. This technique is demonstrated for two types of nanoparticles commonly used in biological applications: colloidal gold (strongly anionic) and amine-terminated PAMAM dendrimer (strongly cationic).
Modeling the growth of Salmonella in cut red round tomatoes as a function of temperature.

Tomato-associated Salmonella outbreaks have recently become a significant food safety concern. Temperature abuse of cut tomatoes may have played a role in some of these outbreaks. The purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical model to describe the growth of Salmonella on cut tomatoes at various temperatures. Four Salmonella serotypes (Typhimurium, Newport, Javiana, and Braenderup) obtained from previous tomato-linked cases of salmonellosis were used in this study. These four serotypes were cultured separately, combined into a cocktail, and inoculated onto whole red round tomatoes and allowed to dry overnight. The tomatoes were then cut into pieces and incubated at a predetermined range of temperatures (10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30, and 35°C). Salmonella concentration was measured at specified time intervals to determine the growth curve for Salmonella on cut tomatoes at each temperature. The growth rates were calculated using DMFit and used to build a mathematical model to illustra...
Dynamic simulation of high voltage circuit breaker motor driving operating mechanism based on virtual prototype technology

In order to enhance the reliability and operation performance, the virtual prototype model of high voltage circuit breaker with motor driving operating mechanism are established according to the process of opening and closing operation. The relationship between the insulating bar and shaft are carried out, and verified the correctness of model by the testing results. So the contact stroke, stroke and pressure of contact spring, motor angle are obtained and analyzed through the simulation model. Finally, the influence factors of closing bounce are studied such as the moving contact quality, pre-pressure and stiffness coefficient of contact spring. The results indicate that increasing pre-pressure of contact spring is the best measures to decrease the closing bounce through parametric analysis.
Commission Pour L’Etude Physique Des Cometes

The form of this Draft Report follows the practice of the 1964 Report. The first is a Narrative, briefly presenting progress as evaluated by the writer. Second is a short Administrative Report including results and plans for cooperative activities. Third is a comprehensive Bibliography, with extremely short abstracts. The writer is greatly indebted to the members of the Commission who have provided him with important assistance in the preparation of this report, particularly C. Arpigny (spectroscopy), G. Herzberg (laboratory work), and V. Vanýsek and B. J. Levin (Slavic languages). The writer, however, takes complete responsibility for the accuracy and relevancy of the contents.
40. Brachial plexopathy: What to monitor?

The utility of IONM in the surgical treatment of peripheral nerve disorders is well established and described in the literature. The purpose of this presentation is to demonstrate the utility of IONM in brachial plexus surgery and review how the different clinical neurophysiologic testing modalities, such as nerve action potentials, EMG, SSEPs and TcMEPs can be used to assess different regions of this complex structure. Amongst other things, IONM can assist in identifying the different brachial plexus structures, determine areas of abnormality or injury, evaluate for peripheral nerve continuity and evaluate for possible root avulsion. However, in order to do this the IONM physician must have a clear understanding of the brachial plexus anatomy and of the specialized techniques used in assessing these structures. Thus, the following will be described in detail: 1. The technique used to obtain nerve action potentials; 2. Techniques used to determine peripheral and central continuity of neural structures; and 3. How IONM can alter surgical management. Unfortunately, the short time allocated for this presentation does not allow for a full discussion of this complex subject and the attendee is directed to reviews of the subject available in the literature.
Single cell-resolution western blotting

This protocol describes how to perform western blotting on individual cells to measure cell-to-cell variation in protein expression levels and protein state. Like conventional western blotting, single-cell western blotting (scWB) is particularly useful for protein targets that lack selective antibodies (e.g., isoforms) and in cases in which background signal from intact cells is confounding. scWB is performed on a microdevice that comprises an array of microwells molded in a thin layer of a polyacrylamide gel (PAG). The gel layer functions as both a molecular sieving matrix during PAGE and a blotting scaffold during immunoprobing. scWB involves five main stages: (i) gravity settling of cells into microwells; (ii) chemical lysis of cells in each microwell; (iii) PAGE of each single-cell lysate; (iv) exposure of the gel to UV light to blot (immobilize) proteins to the gel matrix; and (v) in-gel immunoprobing of immobilized proteins. Multiplexing can be achieved by probing with antibody cocktails and using antibody stripping/reprobing techniques, enabling detection of 10+ proteins in each cell. We also describe microdevice fabrication for both uniform and pore-gradient microgels. To extend in-gel immunoprobing to gels of small pore size, we describe an optional gel de-cross-linking protocol for more effective introduction of antibodies into the gel layer. Once the microdevice has been fabricated, the assay can be completed in 4-6 h by microfluidic novices and it generates high-selectivity, multiplexed data from single cells. The technique is relevant when direct measurement of proteins in single cells is needed, with applications spanning the fundamental biosciences to applied biomedicine.
Frames and fragments of European migration

AbstractUsing the recent documentary essay film Evaporating Borders as a platform, we discuss how the figure of the migrant is construed within the popular imagination as a ‘threat’ to the prosperity of the European Union, and the unique way in which Radivojevic seeks to critique both conservative and liberal discourses around migration through her film. Evaporating Borders examines the present-day experiences of asylum seekers and migrants in Cyprus, the majority of who are Palestinians, as they face increasing hostility and violence from Cypriot nationalists on the island. By framing the film through Radivojevic’s personal voice-over, disrupting linear narrativity, and juxtaposing visual imagery of life on the island with aural testimonials offered by refugees and Cypriots alike, Radivojevic subtly connects worsening economic conditions to the growth of nationalism and xenophobia in Cyprus and Europe more broadly. The film’s exploration of three national traumas – the occupation of northern Cyprus by Tu...
Self-perceived creativity in the later years: Case studies of older Nebraskans

Creativity has been thought to decline in the later years of life. Recent research and thought in the fields of aging and creativity challenge that assumption. The later years are rich with opportunities for creative expression. This study examined the creative lives of 20 older Nebraskans using a single‐factor, embedded case‐study design. Four research areas were considered: (a) patterns of creativity; (b) factors affecting creativity; (c) loci of control; and (d) new insights on creativity and aging. The results corroborated findings from recent research challenging the assumption of an inevitable decline in creativity with age. Three patterns of creativity were found: up‐down‐up, rising, and consistent. Having time available was found to be the factor most important to creative expression in the later years. Locus of control was not found to affect patterns of creativity. Subjects expressed their own insights and ideas about creativity and aging in response to an open‐ended question. Further analysis o...
SELECTIVE DEGRADATION OF ABNORMAL PROTEINS IN ANIMAL AND BACTERIAL CELLS

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the selective degradation of abnormal proteins in animal and bacterial cells. The rates of degradation of individual proteins within cells differ markedly, and this diversity in protein half-lives results, in large part, from the differences in protein conformations. The strongest evidence that protein structure determines half-lives comes from the study of intracellular proteins with highly abnormal conformations. Extensive studies have also been carried out by many investigators on proteins of normal size with highly abnormal conformations. Although, normal tetrameric hemoglobin undergoes little if any degradation, several abnormal human hemoglobins resulting from missense mutations and even the excessive α-chains produced in patients with β-thalassemia appear to be rapidly degraded in reticulocytes. The association of the analog-containing proteins into the rapidly sedimenting structures appears to be closely linked to, perhaps even essential for, the degradative process.
Abstract 11: Associations of Gluten Intake With Type 2 Diabetes Risk and Weight Gain in Three Large Prospective Cohort Studies of US Men and Women

Background: Gluten-free diets have grown in popularity, but evidence is lacking regarding gluten intake and long-term health. Methods: In Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, n=69,276), NHSII (n=88,610), and...
Bottom-quark fusion processes at the LHC for probing Z′ models and $B$ -meson decay anomalies

We investigate models of a heavy neutral gauge boson ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ coupling mostly to third generation quarks and second generation leptons. In this scenario, bottom quarks arising from gluon splitting can fuse into ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ allowing the LHC to probe it. In the generic framework presented, anomalies in $B$-meson decays reported by the LHCb experiment imply a flavor-violating $bs$ coupling of the featured ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ constraining the lowest possible production cross section. A novel approach searching for a ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}(\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\mu})$ in association with at least one bottom-tagged jet can probe regions of model parameter space existing analyses are not sensitive to.
A fine-scale U.S. population estimate of a montane spruce–fir bird species of conservation concern

Bicknell's Thrush (Catharus bicknelli) is one of the most range-restricted bird species in North America. In the United States (U.S.), it occurs only in the disturbed montane forests of fir (Abies balsamea) and spruce (Picea spp.) in the northeastern states of New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. Climate change is expected to substantially diminish this vegetation community (>50% extinction from current range) by 2300. Despite the increasingly tenuous conservation status of the species, fundamental demographic parameters remain unknown and overall population size is uncertain. We used N-mixture models in a hierarchical Bayesian framework to predict population size and to elucidate spatial and temporal patterns of Bicknell's Thrush abundance in the northeastern United States. From 2011 to 2016, as part of Mountain Birdwatch, citizen-scientists conducted 14,552 five-minute point counts at 747 sampling locations along hiking trails. Observers detected Bicknell's Thrush at 49.4% of points and tallied 1079 observations of the species. Bicknell's Thrush abundance was parsimoniously modeled as a complex function of elevation, forest canopy cover, and latitude. Using our model results, and the estimated U.S. range of the Bicknell's Thrush, we produced the first fine-scale (<1.0 ha resolution) abundance estimate and map of Bicknell's Thrush density across their U.S. range. We predicted the U.S. Bicknell's Thrush population in 2016 as 71,318 (95% credible interval: 56,080–89,748), and 95% of that population occurred above 805 m. Combining our results with existing estimates of population size in Canada suggests a global population size of <120,000; Bicknell's Thrush likely have one of the smallest population sizes of regularly occurring bird species within the contiguous United States and Canada. By cross-referencing the U.S. Geological Survey Protected Areas Database, we estimated that 76.6% of Bicknell's Thrush habitat occurred on conserved lands across the United States and that this habitat supported 84.6% of the predicted population. The White Mountain National Forest (New Hampshire and Maine) is the largest conservator of Bicknell's Thrush habitat in the United States and supports ~31% of the predicted U.S. population. Our model provides a testable framework for assessing the success of future conservation and management actions on Bicknell's Thrush populations throughout their U.S. range.
Evaluation of design alternative for a cluster file system

Based on implementation experience and measurements, this paper presents an evaluation of design alternatives to a cluster file system. The file system is targeted for IBM cluster systems, Scalable POWERparallel and AIX HACMP/600. We considered a shared disk approach where serialized, multiple instances of a single-system file system directly access file data as disk blocks, and a shared file system approach which is the conventional method of distributing file system function between a client and a server. We conclude that the shared disk approach suffers form the difficulties of metadata serialization, pooor write-sharing performance, and read throughput.
Consensus-Based Treatment Approaches for Managing Concerning Behaviors in Patients on Long-term Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain: Case-Based Applications

Abstract Guidelines recommend careful monitoring of patients on long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain to assess for concerning medication-taking behaviors that may signal opioid misuse or the presence of a substance use disorder. However, specific management strategies to guide providers if concerning medication-taking behaviors emerge are lacking. Therefore, we recruited a Delphi panel—42 experts in chronic pain and opioid prescribing—to develop consensus-based treatment approaches to guide management of the 6 most common and concerning behaviors identified: missing prescriber appointments, taking opioids for symptoms other than pain, using more opioid medication than prescribed, asking for an increase in opioid dose, aggressive behavior, and alcohol and other substance use. The results of that process are published as a separate study. The purpose of the present study was to present clinical cases in which concerning medication-taking behaviors arise in the course of long-term opioid therapy and demonstrate for readers how the Delphi panel's consensus-based approaches could be applied.
Community Efforts to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities: Challenges and Facilitators Identified by 16 Multistakeholder Alliances.

The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Aligning Forces for Quality (AF4Q) program aimed to improve health care quality and reduce racial and ethnic disparities in 16 diverse communities in the United...
A matched quantitative computed tomography analysis of 3 surgical approaches for osteochondral reconstruction of the capitellum.

Background The location of capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions in the sagittal plane guides the surgical approach used for autologous osteochondral transplantation. We sought to compare the capitellar region accessible for orthogonal graft placement through 3 approaches: (1) posterior anconeus-split approach; (2) lateral approach with lateral collateral ligament (LCL) preservation (LCL-preserving lateral approach); and (3) lateral approach with LCL release (LCL-sacrificing lateral approach). Methods The 3 approaches were sequentially performed on 9 cadaveric elbows: posterior anconeus-split approach, LCL-preserving lateral approach, and LCL-releasing lateral approach. The extent of perpendicular access was delineated with Kirschner wires. Each specimen underwent computed tomography. The accessible region was quantified as degrees on the capitellum and converted into time on a clock, where 0° corresponds to the 12-o'clock position. Generalized estimating equation modeling was used to investigate for significant within-specimen, between-approach differences. Results The LCL-preserving and LCL-sacrificing lateral approaches provided more anterior perpendicular access than the posterior anconeus-split approach (mean, 0° vs 83°; P Conclusions A capitellar OCD lesion can be perpendicularly accessed from a posterior anconeus-split approach if it is posterior to 83° (2:46 clock-face position). A laterally based approach may be required for lesions anterior to this threshold. These data inform clinical decisions regarding the appropriate surgical approach for any OCD lesion.