cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of chronic administration of U-50,488H, a κ-opioid receptor agonist, on central dopamine D2 receptors of the rat

Abstract The effect of U-50,488H, a κ-opiate agonist, induced tolerance and abstinence on the characteristics of dopamine D2 receptors of brain regions and spinal cord was determined in the rat. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with U-50,488H (25 mg/kg i.p) or its vehicle twice a day for 4 days. This procedure resulted in the development of tolerance to the analgesic activity of U-50,488H. The binding characteristics (Bmax and Kd values) of [3H]spiroperidol to dopamine D2 receptors were determined in discrete brain regions (hypothalamus, hippocampus, cortex, pons and medulla, midbrain, corpus striatum and amygdala) and spinal cord of U-50,488H-tolerant and -abstinent rats. Rats labeled as tolerant to U-50,488H were injected with U-50,488H on day 5 and killed 1 h later, whereas those labeled abstinent were killed on day 5 without the injection of the drug. Vehicle-injected rats served as controls. [3H]Spiroperidol bound to brain regions and spinal cord membranes at a single high affinity site. The Bmax and Kd values of [3H]spiroperidol in brain regions and spinal cord of U-50,488H-tolerant and abstinent rats did not differ from their respective vehicle-injected controls. The behavioral responses (total distance travelled, horizontal activity, movement time, total number of movements, number of stereotypic movements, stereotypic time and rest time) to different doses of a selective dopamine D2 receptor agonist, 2-bromo-α-ergocryptine (bromocriptine) were also determined in rats treated chronically with U-50,488H. A dose of 5 mg/kg of bromocriptine did not affect the behavioral responses, however, 15 and 30 mg/kg doses enhanced many behaviors in drug naive rats. Abstinence from U-50,488H did not modify any of the behavioral responses monitored. Bromocriptine (5 or 15 mg/kg) did not modify the behavior in rats chronically treated with U-50,488H. These results are in contrast to those observed for morphine where evidence was presented for the behavioral supersensitivity to bromocriptine in the absence of receptor up-regulation. These differences in the actions of morphine and U-50,488H on central dopamine D2 receptors may be partially responsible for their differential addiction liability.
Synthesis of CuInSe 2 nanocrystals using a continuous hot-injection microreactor

A very rapid and simple synthesis of CuInSe2 nanocrystals (NCs) was successfully performed using a continuous hot-injection microreactor with a high throughput per reactor volume. It was found that copper-rich CuInSe2 with a sphalerite structure was formed initially followed by the formation of more ordered CuInSe2 at longer reaction times along with the formation of Cu2Se and In2Se3. Binary syntheses were performed and the results show a much faster formation rate of Cu2Se than In2Se3. The rate limiting step in the formation of CuInSe2 is forming the In2Se3 intermediate. Rapid synthesis of stoichiometric CuInSe2 NCs using a continuous-flow microreactor was accomplished by properly adjusting the Cu/In precursor ratio. Tuning the ratio of coordinating solvents can cause size differences from 2.6 to 4.1 nm, bandgaps from 1.1 to 1.3 eV, and different production yields of NCs. The highest production yield as determined by weight was achieved up to 660 mg/h using a microreactor with a small volume of 3.2 cm3.
The Metallicity Distribution Function of Red Giants in the Large Magellanic Cloud

We report new metallicity determinations for 39 red giants in a 220 arcmin2 region, 18 southwest of the bar of the Large Magellanic Cloud. These abundance measurements are based on spectroscopy of the Ca II infrared triplet. We have carefully considered the effects of abundance ratios, the physics of Ca II line formation, the variation of red clump magnitude, and the contamination by foreground stars in our abundance analyses. The metallicity distribution function (MDF) shows a strong peak at [Fe/H] = -0.57 ± 0.04; a tail to abundances at least as low as [Fe/H] ≈ -1.6 brings the average abundance down to [Fe/H] = -0.64 ± 0.02. Half the red giants in our field fall within the range -0.83 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ -0.41. The MDF appears to be truncated at [Fe/H] ≈ -0.25; the exact value of the maximum abundance is subject to ~0.1 dex uncertainty in the calibration of the Ca II IR triplet for young, metal-rich stars. We find a striking contrast in the shape of the MDF below [Fe/H] ≤ -1 between our inner disk field and the distant outer field studied by Olszewski: red giants deficient by more than a factor of 10 in heavy elements relative to the Sun are extremely scarce in the inner disk of the LMC. Our field star sample does not reproduce the full MDF of the LMC star clusters but seems similar to that of the intermediate-age (1–3 Gyr) clusters. We have also obtained abundance estimates using Stromgren photometry for ≈103 red giants in the same field. Photometry is the only practical way to measure abundances for the large numbers of stars necessary to lift age-metallicity degeneracy from our high-precision color-magnitude diagrams. The Stromgren measurements, which are sensitive to a combination of cyanogen and iron lines, correlate well with the Ca II measurements, but a metallicity-dependent offset is found. The offset may be due either to variations in the elemental abundance ratios due to galactic chemical evolution or to a metal-dependent mixing mechanism in RGB stars. An empirical relation between photometric and spectroscopic abundance estimates is derived. This will allow photometric abundance measurements to be placed on a consistent metallicity scale with spectroscopic metallicities, for very large numbers of stars.
Master curves for some amorphous polymers

Abstract : MASTER CURVES FOR POLYSTYRENE, POLYMETHYL ACRYLATE AND POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE IN STRESS RELAXATION ARE REPORTED. THE METHOD USED TO OBTAIN A WIDE RANGE IN MODULUS IS TO COMBINE TORSIONAL CREEP DATA FOR HIGH MODULUS REGIONS WITH DIRECT STRESS RELAXATION DATA FOR LOW MODULI. THE COMPOSITE CURVES OBTAINED ARE COMPARED WITH EXISTING LITERATURE DATA. THE MASTER CURVE FOR POLYSTYRENE OBTAINED BY A BALL IDENTATION METHOD IS ALSO REPORTED. CHARACTERISTIC VISCOELASTIC PARAMETERS DERIVED FROM THE DATA ARE TABULATED. (AUTHOR-PL).
An interpolating theorem prover

We present a method of deriving Craig interpolants from proofs in the quantifier-free theory of linear inequality and uninterpreted function symbols, and an interpolating theorem prover based on this method. The prover has been used for predicate refinement in the BLAST software model checker, and can also be used directly for model checking infinite-state systems, using interpolation-based image approximation.
Effects of deafferentation on the electrophysiology of ventral cochlear nucleus neurons

When cochlear pathology impairs the afferent innervation of the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN), electrical responses of the auditory brainstem are altered and changes in cell and synaptic morphology are observed. However, the impact of deafferentation on the electrical properties of cells in the VCN is unknown. We examined the electrical properties of single neurons in the anterior and posterior VCN following bilateral cochlear removal in young rats. In control animals, two populations of cells were distinguished: those with a linear subthreshold current-voltage relationship and repetitive firing of action potentials with regular interspike intervals (type I), and those with rectifying subthreshold current-voltage relationships and phasic firing of 1-3 action potentials (type II). Measures of action potential shape further distinguished these two groups. Two weeks following cochlear removal, both electrical response patterns were still seen. Type I cells showed a higher input resistance. Deafferented single-spiking type II cells were slightly more depolarized, had smaller action potentials, smaller afterhyperpolarizations and shorter membrane time constants, whereas multiple-spiking type II cells were apparently unaffected. These changes in the electrical properties of VCN neurons following cochlear injury may adversely affect central processing of sounds presented acoustically or electrically by prostheses.
Development of the Student Personal Responsibility Scale-10

The 10-item Student Personal Responsibility Scale (SPRS-10) was developed to assess students’ acceptance of personal responsibility in their day-to-day living. The scale showed an acceptable level of internal consistency and positive correlations to the Conscientiousness Scale of Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R), academic performance, self-esteem, and retention.
Influence of elk grazing on soil properties in Rocky Mountain National Park

We used three 35-year exclosures to examine the effects of high elk populations on a variety of soil properties in three vegetation types: upland sagebrush, aspen, and meadow. Grazing and hoof action by elk significantly increased bulk density (from 0.87 kg/l ungrazed to 0.94 kg/l grazed), with greater effects on soils with fewer rocks. Grazing substantially reduced extractable calcium, magnesium, potassium and phosphorus in the sagebrush type, but not in the aspen or meadow types. The only grazing effect on pH came in aspen types, where grazing prevented aspen establishment, and kept soil pH about 0.7 units higher than under aspen inside the exclosures. Grazing had no overall effect on total soil C and N across all exclosures and vegetation types. The availability of soil nitrogen, indexed by in-field resin bags and net mineralization in soil cores, showed little overall effect of grazing. Limited data on soil leaching indicated a possibility of strong increases in nitrate leaching with grazing for an aspen vegetation type at one exclosure. Although we found little effect of grazing on soil N supply, we note that N fertilization doubled the production of grasses and shrubs; if grazing eventually led to changes in soil N supply, species composition and growth would likely change.
The Northern Cities Shift in Chicago

This article examines the status of the Northern Cities Shift (NCS) as a change in progress in Chicago, the largest city within the Inland North. The progression of the NCS in Chicago and its social implementation have never been fully explored. Labov, Ash, and Boberg (2006) report that, for the Inland North as a whole, the NCS remains a vigorous change in progress. The present study finds only limited support for ongoing shifting within Chicago. Acoustic data from thirty-six speakers indicate that none of the three earliest shifting events, BAT, BOT, and BOUGHT, continues to shift in the expected direction in apparent time. Instead, BOT shows a marginal trend toward reversal of the NCS pattern. The three remaining vowels, BET, BIT, and BUT, shift in the expected direction. However, extensive phonetic overlap between BUT and BOUGHT is problematic for the NCS model as a single, integrated chain shift.
ESTAFANDO A LAS MUCHACHAS Y A LOS MUCHACHOS

Resumen es: La equidad de genero en la educacion es mas que ubicar a las muchachas en la misma posicion que los muchachos; es eliminar las barreras y estereotipos qu...
Transforaminal Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injections

Low back pain is an important medical, social, and economic problem involving approximately 15% to 39% of the population. Of the numerous therapeutic interventions available for treatment of chronic low back pain, including surgery, epidural administration of corticosteroids is one such intervention commonly used. Several approaches available to access the lumbar epidural space are the caudal, interlaminar, and transforaminal, also known as nerve root or selective epidural injection. The objective of an epidural steroid injection is to deliver corticosteroid close to the site of pathology, presumably onto an inflamed nerve root. This objective can be achieved by the transforaminal route rather than the caudal or interlaminar routes. Reports of the effectiveness of epidural corticosteroids have varied from 18% to 90%. However, reports of the effectiveness of transforaminal epidural steroids have shown it to be superior, with outcome data indicating cost effectiveness as well as safety. This review describes various aspects of transforaminal epidural steroid injections in managing chronic low back pain.
Life prediction for CIGS solar modules part 1: modeling moisture ingress and degradation

A model is developed for the diffusion of moisture into a solar module package and the subsequent degradation of copper indium gallium di-selenide (CIGS) solar cells. It is based on time-dependent mass and energy balances governing module temperature and the diffusion of water through a module package subjected to weather conditions. The moisture ingress calculations are coupled to an experimentally determined degradation model for CIGS solar cells, where the degradation rate is proportional to the encapsulant degree of saturation. Extensive results are presented for module conditions of temperature and relative humidity for four benchmark climates. Detailed predictions are presented for moisture ingress, module degradation and life as functions of the climate, mounting, packaging materials, configuration, and the kinetics of cell degradation. The results clearly show how the moisture ingress and degradation scale with the climate and the characteristic package diffusion half-time. This time constant determines the rate at which the module approaches the environment's average humidity. In order to keep enough of the moisture out of the package to significantly slow the degradation for a target number of years, diffusion half-times approximately equal to the target years must be achieved, which typically translates into moisture barriers of 10−4 g/m2 day or better at 25°C—a formidable challenge. In the diffusion-controlled regime, the life depends on the square root of package permeability and cell degradation rate. Estimated acceleration factors for damp heat (85°C/85% RH) versus Miami are nonlinear and range from 10X to 700X, depending on the package and cell degradation kinetics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incomplete Information, High-Low Bidding and Public Information in First Price Auctions

High-low bidding refers to auctions of a series of objects where for a subset of the auctioned objects one of two buyers bids high on some objects and low on others while the other buyer does the reverse. This paper shows that high-low bidding does not imply collusive behavior among buyers. In particular, through a formal modeling of a noncooperative game of information acquisition and bidding decisions, it shows that high-low bidding can be obtained. The paper also demonstrates that if the cost of information to a seller is less than the equilibrium joint expected information cost of the buyers, then it pays the seller to provide public information. Finally, if the provision of public information is not feasible but a seller can know whether buyers have acquired information, then it pays the seller to make known to the buyers and to pursue a policy that just prior to the start of an auction the seller will announce which buyer has acquired information.
Recursively Imputed Survival Trees

We propose recursively imputed survival tree (RIST) regression for right-censored data. This new nonparametric regression procedure uses a novel recursive imputation approach combined with extremely randomized trees that allows significantly better use of censored data than previous tree-based methods, yielding improved model fit and reduced prediction error. The proposed method can also be viewed as a type of Monte Carlo EM algorithm, which generates extra diversity in the tree-based fitting process. Simulation studies and data analyses demonstrate the superior performance of RIST compared with previous methods.
Sol-Gel Based Silica Electrodes for Inorganic Membrane DMFCs

� However,� theDMFC� performancewasunstablebecause� thepolymer-basedionomerusedin� thecatalystinkwasincompatible� withtheglassmembrane.� The� coefficientofthermalexpansion� mismatchbetweentheelectrode� andmembranecontributedtohigh� contactresistance.� Therearelong- termreliabilityissueswiththewater- rich,� polymerionomersoakinginthe� aqueousmethanolofapassiveDMFC. Inthisproject,� electrodesbased� onglass-basedionomerswere� investigated.� Platinum-ruthenium� glasselectrodes� (PtRu/C-SiO2)� were� preparedbyincorporatingthe� PtRu/Cnanoparticlesintoasilica- basedmatrix.� TheSiO2� matrixwas� synthesizedthroughthesol-gel� reactionof� 3-(trihydroxysilyl)-1- propanesulfonicacid� (3TPS)� and� 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane� (GPTMS).� Thestructuresof� 3TPS� andGPTMSareshowninFig.� 1.� The� sulfonicacidgroupin� 3TPSprovides� protonconductivityinthecatalyst� layer.�Thethreehydroxylgroupsofthe� 3TPSreactwithwaterandcondense� toformasilicamatrixencapsulating� thecatalystinthematrix.� Theepoxy� contentoftheGPTMSimprovedthe� mechanicalpropertiesoftheelectrode� bycrosslinkingwiththesilicon� dioxidematrix. Thesizeanddistributionofthe� PtRu/Cparticleswascontrolledby� changingthemicrostructureand� propertiesofthegelmatrix.� The� effectofgelationtime,� molefraction� ofreactantswithinthesol,� curing� temperature,�andglassionomercontent� wereinvestigated.� Theadhesionof� thecatalystlayeronthemembrane,� electrochemicalactivityformethanol� oxidation,� anddecreasemethanol� cross-overthroughthemembrane� wereinvestigated.� Theoptimumglass� electrodewascomposedof� 90� mol%� 3TPSand� 10� mol%� GPTMSandthe� catalyst-to-glassratiowas�1:5.�The�3TPS�
Neovascularization in intimal hyperplasia is associated with vein graft failure after coronary artery bypass surgery

Vein graft atherosclerosis is the major limitation of arterial bypass surgery. This study was carried out to determine if the number of microvessels per area of intimal hyperplasia correlated with vein graft disease. Vein grafts (n=24, graft age range 2-19 years) were taken from 22 patients undergoing redo-coronary artery bypass surgery. Mean age of the patients was 68 +/- 9 years; 92% were males. Samples were divided into three groups (n=8 per group): in group I segments were from grafts without angiographic or histologic disease, in groups II and III segments were from grafts with significant angiographic stenosis, without (group II) and with (group III) atheroma. Intimal hyperplasia was identified by Masson staining, morphometric analysis was performed with NIH image analysis software. Microvessels in the intimal hyperplasia were identified using immunohistochemical techniques. Significance was determined by single-factor ANOVA p < 0.05. The mean area of intimal hyperplasia was similar in groups I and II at 1.06 +/- 0.25 mm2 and 0.97 +/- 0.37 mm2, respectively. The extent of intimal hyperplasia was significantly greater in group III, 1.70 +/- 0.62 mm2 (p < 0.01). In group I, the microvessel count in the intimal hyperplasia was 5.62 +/- 3.89 vessels/mm2, while in group III it was 15.26 +/- 3.66/mm2 (p < 0.01 versus group I). Interestingly the number of microvessels per area of intimal hyperplasia in group II was similar to that in group III). In this study, the extent of neovascularization in intimal hyperplasia correlated with stenoses in human vein grafts. Strategies designed to limit neovascularization in intimal hyperplasia may lead to novel therapies to prevent vein graft failure.
Citation Practices of the Kansas Supreme Court and Kansas Court of Appeals

This article examines the citation practices of the Kansas Supreme Court and the Kansas Court of Appeals.
Cardiovascular risk in patients achieving low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and particle targets

Objectives: Previous research suggests that LDL particle number (LDL-P) may be a better tool than LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) to guide LDL-lowering therapy. Using real-world data, this study has two objectives: [1] to determine the incidence of CHD across LDL-P thresholds; and [2] to compare CHD/stroke events among patients achieving comparably low LDL-P or LDL-C levels. Methods: A claims analysis was conducted among high-risk patients identified from the HealthCore Integrated Research Database SM . The impact of LDL levels on risk was compared across cohorts who achieved LDL-P <1000 nmol/L or LDL-C <100 mg/dL. Cohorts were matched to balance demographic and comorbidity differences. Results: Among 15,569 patients with LDL-P measurements, the risk of a CHD event increased by 4% for each 100 nmol/L increase in LDL-P level (HR 1.04; 95% CI 1.02e1.05, p < .0001). The comparative analysis included 2,094 matched patients with � 12 months of follow-up, 1,242 with � 24 months and 705 with � 36 months. At all time periods, patients undergoing LDL-P measurement were more likely to receive intensive lipid-lowering therapy and had a lower risk of CHD/stroke than those in the LDL-C cohort (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.61e0.96; at 12 months). Conclusions: In this real-world sample of commercially insured patients, higher LDL-P levels were associated with increased CHD risk. Moreover, high-risk patients who achieved LDL-P <1000 nmol/L received more aggressive lipid-lowering therapy than patients achieving LDL-C <100 mg/dL, and these differences in lipids and therapeutic management were associated with a reduction in CHD/stroke events over 12, 24 and 36 months follow-up. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NCND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).
Homocysteine and vitamins in cardiovascular disease

On the basis of recent retrospective and prospective studies, it is now widely accepted that increased total plasma homocysteine is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Impaired enzyme function as a result of genetic mutation or deficiency of the essential B vitamins folic acid, B12, and B6 can lead to hyperhomocysteinemia. Oxidized forms of homocysteine account for 98-99% of total plasma homocysteine. Although there is uncertainty as to whether increased homocysteine is causal or merely a proxy for cardiovascular disease, several lines of evidence suggest that it may play a role in atherothrombotic disease. Homocysteine appears to alter the anticoagulant properties of endothelial cells to a procoagulant phenotype. Mildly increased homocysteine causes dysfunction of the vascular endothelium. Folic acid effectively lowers homocysteine concentration in the plasma. Intervention studies are urgently needed to determine if lowering homocysteine is effective in decreasing the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease.
Information Displays and Ergonomics

The acute care environment provides care for the most severely injured, sickest, and highly complex patients. New technologies to decrease length of stay and mortality are of particular interest to the hospitals due to costs and additional stresses on patients. Large amounts of information are constantly collected and monitored in acute care using numerous types of monitoring technologies, each of which may have its own unique information display. Monitoring these data may seem overwhelming with a large patient population. Human factors aspects of information display design and ergonomics for monitoring technologies are an essential consideration in acute care environments where the most complex patients reside. We will discuss monitoring displays for the patient bedside, remote location monitoring, and the ergonomics of the displays and how this influences healthcare provider performance.
O,O-Dimethyl O-(4-sulfamoylphen­yl) phospho­rothio­ate (cythio­ate)

The title mol­ecule, C8H12NO5PS2, exhibits a crystallographic mirror plane that is perpendicular to the ring and bis­ects the sulfamoyl and thio­phosphate ester groups. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions reminiscent of carb­oxy­lic acid hydrogen bonding pairs, forming chains parallel to the b-axis direction.
In-vivo Fluorescence Imaging of Bacterial Infection in the Mouse Lung

A fluorescence fiber optic microendoscope is integrated into a whole-animal imaging system to enhance the detection sensitivity for fluorescent bacteria in lung infections of live mice.
RADIOLOGY OF THE CHEST.

The value of chest roentgenograms is subject to physical limitations of radiography, temporal limitations of the pathologic processes, and physiologic limitations of the observer. Routine radiologic examination of the chest, special positioning and projections, contrast materials as aids in delineating disease, and specialized technics are described. Image intensification should be used for chest fluoroscopy when possible, especially in infants and children. Survey photofluorography of hospital and clinic patients is still a valuable procedure.
Marriage on Our Own Terms

In the midst of recent debates regarding state bans on same-sex marriage, the states’ right to regulate marriage was accepted as obvious and correct. But after the Supreme Court’s holding in Obergefell that states’ refusal to allow or recognize same sex marriages violates the couples’ constitutional rights, even some conservatives are questioning whether states should continue to regulate marriage. While the amount and degree of regulation has decreased significantly in the last century, states still play an important role in defining key aspects of the marital relationship, including marital property rights. Despite their potentially life-altering impact, many couples enter into marriage ignorant of the scope, nature or effect of these laws. While states generally allow couples to alter the default rules by entering into a prenuptial (and in some states postnuptial) agreement, only those who are aware of the state default rules and who have the means to contract around them are able to enter into marriage on their own terms. This Article moves the conversation about marriage beyond merely who the state can allow or forbid to marry, and considers whether state law should continue to regulate key aspects of the marital relationship, and if so, whether and how the role of the state should change. The Article concludes that with respect to marital property rights, states should provide couples with options when they apply for a marriage license and allow them to choose how property owned by each party before the marriage and property acquired during the marriage will be treated. Ultimately, allowing couples to choose the terms that govern their marriage reflects the reality that we live in a heterogeneous society that includes people with widely varying beliefs, resources, goals, and ideals. If people are expected to form a lasting bond and live harmoniously in marriage, they must have a voice in the rules that govern the parameters of that relationship.
“Freud, Male Homosexuality, and the Americans” Revisited: A Brief Contribution to the History of Psychoanalysis

ABSTRACTHenry Abelove summarizes the main arguments of “Freud, Male Homosexuality, and the Americans,” a paper he wrote in the early 1980s. He also says that in writing it he aimed chiefly to challenge American moralism, which then was, and still is, both destructive and immensely influential.
Can we predict when an operating list will finish

Mean anaesthetic, surgical and turnover times were used to predict finishing times for elective general surgical operating lists. A predicted early finish was correct in 70 per cent, a predicted on-time finish in 19 per cent, and a predicted late finish in 56 per cent. Overall, predictions of an early or late finish had a low sensitivity (62 per cent and 65 per cent) and high false positive rate (30 per cent and 44 per cent). Over-runs, caused by too many cases, and early finishes, owing to insufficient cases were reliably predicted. It is suggested that mean procedure times can be used to identify under or over utilisation caused by under or over-booking but indiscriminate use will not improve list utilisation.
mRNA expression of novel CGRP1 receptors and their activity-modifying proteins in hypoxic rat lung

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a potent vasodilator. Our group has reported that exogenous CGRP may prevent or reverse hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats. The vasodilatory action of ...
Informing patients about electroconvulsive therapy: effects of a videotape presentation

Issues of information given for consent purposes are particularly problematic with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The authors investigated the efficacy of an informative videotape recording in this process. The videotape contained factual information about ECT, an interview with a patient before and after treatment, and the presentation of an actual treatment. A patient group assigned to watch the videotape, in addition to the usual consent process involving written and verbal information from the treating resident psychiatrist, showed only one postconsent difference from a group that had the usual consent process without the videotape. Those who saw the videotape were less sure that they had adequate information to decide whether to have ECT than those who did not see it (p < 0.05). Although patients likely to benefit from such an audiovisual approach may be identifiable, it seems that an informative videotape offers no universal advantage over more conventional information giving in the consent process.
Abstract LB-158: P73, a potential marker for chemoresponsiveness to cisplatin therapy and survival in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC)

Intrinsic and/or acquired resistance to cisplatin is a major obstacle in the treatment of advanced bladder cancer (BC). It is important to find markers that predict tumor responsiveness to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. P73, a p53 homologue, plays an important role in cisplatin sensitivity. TAp73, a major isoform of p73, utilizes an extrinsic promoter (P1) and is pro-apoptotic. We utilized Illumina 450K methylation arrays to interrogate over 150 BC patient samples and found 9 distinct CpGs in the P1 promoter region that were hypermethylated in tumors compared to adjacent normal tissues (p Supported by NCI grants CA067267 and CA016056. Citation Format: Rebecca D. Greenspan, Nithya Krishnan, Carl Morrison, Angela Omilian, Wiam Bshara, Amber Worral, Kristopher Attwood, Donald L. Trump, Anna Woloszynska-Read, Candace S. Johnson. P73, a potential marker for chemoresponsiveness to cisplatin therapy and survival in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-158. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-LB-158
Holocord Myelopathy with Thoracic Stenosis

Holocord myelopathy is myelopathy of the entire spinal cord from the cervical-medullary junction to the conus medullaris.
COOPERATION OF KUPFFER CELLS AND PERISINUSOIDAL LIPOCYTES IN THE PRODUCTION OF LIVER BIOMATRIX COMPONENTS: MEDIATORS OF KUPFFER CELLS STIMULATE PROLIFERATION AND PROTEOGLYCAN SYNTHESIS OF LIPOCYTES

ABSTRACT Kupffer cells (KC), although by itself not synthesizing actively proteoglycans, stimulate significantly the synthesis and secretion of sulfated proteoglycans by cultured perisinusoidal rat liver lipocytes (fat storing cells). KC from normal (N-KC) and galactosamine (Gal N-KC)- or thioacetamide (TAA-KC)-treated rats were similarly active. They stimulated preferentially the formation of chondroitin sulfate. In addition, KC promote the proliferation of lipocytes in culture. The factor(s) of KC are not yet identified but seem to be undialyzable and heat sensitive (100 °C). The results will be important for the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrogenesis.
Temperature dependent analysis of 50 Gb/s oxide-confined VCSELs

Temperature dependent analysis of a high speed 850 nm oxide-confined VCSEL with 50 Gb/s error-free capability and a −3 dB modulation bandwidth of 24.7 GHz at 85 °C is reported.
Validation of PDE5 as a Chemoprevention Target.

See related article by Islam et al., [p. 377][1] In this issue of Cancer Prevention Research , Islam and colleagues from the Browning group report that sildenafil (Viagra), an FDA-approved drug prescribed for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and erectile dysfunction, can
Justice Scalia's Rule of Law and Law of Takings

This short essay reviews the regulatory takings legacy of Justice Antonin Scalia, evaluating both its impact on the Supreme Court's takings canon and its consistency with his stated jurisprudential principles.
Conducting Polymer Microcups for Organic Bioelectronics and Drug Delivery Applications

An ideal neural device enables long-term, sensitive, and selective communication with the nervous system. To accomplish this task, the material interface should mimic the biophysical and the biochemical properties of neural tissue. By contrast, microfabricated neural probes utilize hard metallic conductors, which hinder their long-term performance because these materials are not intrinsically similar to soft neural tissue. This study reports a method for the fabrication of monodisperse conducting polymer microcups. It is demonstrated that the physical surface properties of conducting polymer microcups can be precisely modulated to control electrical properties and drug-loading/release characteristics.
Improved methods for estimating local terrestrial water dynamics from GRACE in the Northern High Plains.

Abstract Investigating terrestrial water cycle dynamics is vital for understanding the recent climatic variability and human impacts in the hydrologic cycle. In this study, a downscaling approach was developed and tested, to improve the applicability of terrestrial water storage (TWS) anomaly data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission for understanding local terrestrial water cycle dynamics in the Northern High Plains region. A non-parametric, artificial neural network (ANN)–based model, was utilized to downscale GRACE data by integrating it with hydrological variables (e.g. soil moisture) derived from satellite and land surface model data. The downscaling model, constructed through calibration and sensitivity analysis, was used to estimate TWS anomaly for watersheds ranging from 5000 to 20,000 km 2 in the study area. The downscaled water storage anomaly data were evaluated using water storage data derived from an (1) integrated hydrologic model, (2) land surface model (e.g. Noah), and (3) storage anomalies calculated from in-situ groundwater level measurements. Results demonstrate the ANN predicts monthly TWS anomaly within the uncertainty (conservative error estimate = 34 mm) for most of the watersheds. Seasonal derived groundwater storage anomaly (GWSA) from the ANN correlated well ( r = ∼0.85) with GWSAs calculated from in-situ groundwater level measurements for a watershed size as small as 6000 km 2 . ANN downscaled TWSA matches closely with Noah-based TWSA compared to standard GRACE extracted TWSA at a local scale. Moreover, the ANN-downscaled change in TWS replicated the water storage variability resulting from the combined effect of climatic and human impacts (e.g. abstraction). The implications of utilizing finer resolution GRACE data for improving local and regional water resources management decisions and applications are clear, particularly in areas lacking in-situ hydrologic monitoring networks.
Synthesis and redox properties of fac-BrRe(CO)3[1,2-(PPh2)2-closo-1,2-C2B10H10]: The first structurally characterized rhenium carbonyl containing a carboranyl-based diphosphine ligand

Abstract The diphosphine 1,2-(PPh2)2-closo-1,2-C2B10H10 reacts with BrRe(CO)5 and fac-BrRe(CO)3(THF)2 to give fac-BrRe(CO)3[1,2-(PPh2)2-closo-1,2-C2B10H10] (1) in high yields (>80%). Compound 1 is the first structurally characterized rhenium carbonyl that contains an ancillary carborane-based diphosphine ligand. 1 has been characterized in solution by IR and NMR spectroscopies (1H and 31P), and the solid-state structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The electrochemical properties of 1 have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry, and the composition of the DFT-computed HOMO and LUMO levels are discussed relative to the electrochemical data. The thermodynamics for the formation of 1 from the rhenium precursors BrRe(CO)5 and fac-BrRe(CO)3(THF)2 have been evaluated by DFT calculations.
Filipino Women’s Preferences for Male Voice Pitch: Intra-Individual, Life History, and Hormonal Predictors

Prior work suggests that women’s preferences for sexually dimorphic traits, such as preferences for masculine facial and vocal characteristics, may be modulated by a multitude of factors related to reproductive potential including breastfeeding status. In the present study, we investigated women’s preferences for a highly sexually dimorphic vocal characteristic, voice pitch, across a sample of nulliparous (n = 65) and breastfeeding (n = 63) women in Manila, Philippines. We examined whether preferences for pitch were related to breastfeeding status, age, relationship status, self-rated attractiveness, or salivary steroid hormone concentrations. Both nulliparous and breastfeeding women displayed preferences for feminized, rather than masculinized, pitch. The strength of this preference was negatively associated with age and negatively associated with self-rated attractiveness, but was unrelated to breastfeeding and relationship status. Estradiol and progesterone positively interacted in predicting pitch preferences, such that estradiol tended to negatively predict preferences for masculinized pitch when progesterone was low, and to positively predict preferences when progesterone was high. Our findings reinforce the notion that reproductive potential predicts preferences for sexually dimorphic traits, and emphasize importance of assessing measures of reproductive potential when evaluating mate preferences.
Demand for different types of public goods: evidence from Nigeria

Preferences of Nigerian households vary across different types of public goods. For example, some prefer roads while others favor education even after controlling for the existing supply of these g...
Socioeconomic Status and Race are both Independently associated with Increased Hospitalization Rate among Crohn's Disease Patients

Racial disparities are observed clinically in Crohn's Disease (CD) with research suggesting African Americans (AA) have worse outcomes than Caucasian Americans (CA). The aim of this study is to assess whether socioeconomic status (SES) rather than race is the major predictor of worse outcomes. We designed a retrospective cohort study of 944 CD patients seen at our center. Patients' billing zip codes were collected and average income and percent of population living above or below poverty level (PL) for each zip code calculated. Patients were separated by quartiles using average state income level and federal PL. Demographics and hospitalization rates were collected. Poison regression models estimated incidence rate ratios (IRR) for CD-related hospitalizations. Incidence rate (IR) of hospitalization per 100-person years for the lowest income group was 118 (CI 91.4-152.3), highest income group was 29 (CI 21.7-38.9), Above PL was 26.9 (25.9-28.9), Below PL was 35.9 (33.1-38.9), CA was 25.3 (23.7-27), and AA was 51.4 (46.8-56.3). IRR for a CD-related hospitalization for lowest income group was 2.01 (CI 1.34-3.01), for Below PL was 1.26 (CI 1.12-1.42), and for AAs was 1.88 (CI 1.66-2.12). SES and race are both associated with hospitalization among CD patients and need further investigation.
Introduction to Signal Transduction: A Primer for Untangling the Web of Intracellular Messengers

Abstract The field of signal transduction developed from our need to understand the specific mechanisms involved in the transmission of extracellular signals to intracellular actions in target cells. As our comprehension of cellular function has grown, it has become clear that the need to understand signal transduction events has invaded all fields of biological science. Many scientists learned about adenylate cyclase and cyclic AMP when they were students but went on to focus on some other aspect of science; now they find the need to apply studies of signal transduction to their own work. However, the field of signal transduction has progressed so rapidly that from starting with a rudimentary knowledge of adenylate cyclase and cyclic AMP to understanding the field and applying the knowledge to one’s own work seems insurmountable. The goal of this commentary is to provide a starting point for those who recognize the need to understand the mechanisms of signal transduction but do not know where or how to begin.
Beyond Dualism, Splits, and Schisms: Social Justice for a Renewal of Vocational-Academic Education.

To fulfill the democratic dream for American schooling, educators and policymakers need to work together for the same common cause: reforming the academic-vocational dichotomy of schooling that has...
Exploring nonprofit-business partnerships on Twitter from a network perspective

Abstract This exploratory study attempts to understand the role of nonprofits and their position in corporate social responsibility (CSR) partnership communication. Employing social network analysis, the study identifies and interprets the network strategies used by top U.S. nonprofits in communicating about their CSR partnerships on Twitter. The results show that although all the nonprofit issue sectors disclosed extensive business partnerships, they selectively mobilize communication with certain business partners. The present study extends the network approach in a CSR context. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
Predictors of Early Unplanned RVAD Use in Patients Undergoing LVAD Implantation

Purpose Severe early right heart failure is a life-threatening complication of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation that may require unplanned temporary right ventricular assist device (RVAD) support. There are limited data on preoperative predictors of RVAD use within only 48 hours of LVAD implantation. Methods We studied 343 patients who underwent continuous-flow LVAD implantation at a single center. Forty-eight (14%) received unplanned temporary RVAD support within 48 hours following LVAD placement. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors for the need of early RVAD support. Results Patients who required early temporary RVAD support had significantly different preoperative clinical characteristics compared to those who did not require support, including a younger age (53 vs. 58 years, respectively), a higher proportion of women (33% vs. 18%, respectively) and higher risk INTERMACS Profile of 1 or 2 (50% vs. 15%, respectively; p 2-fold risk-increase); INTERMACS Profile 1 or 2 (>4-fold risk-increase); the need for IABP or ECMO before LVAD implantation (>3-fold risk-increase); and increased AST levels (4% risk-increase per 10-unit increment). Conclusion Preoperative predictors of temporary, unplanned RVAD use within 48 hours of LVAD implantation include clinical and laboratory markers of hemodynamic instability and end-organ dysfunction. Female gender is a risk factor for RVAD use in this analysis and requires further study in a larger cohort.
Stress Management and Resiliency Training for public school teachers and staff: A novel intervention to enhance resilience and positively impact student interactions.

Abstract Background Burnout in teachers has been linked to decreased effectiveness as educators, and suboptimal interactions with students. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the outcomes of a brief Stress Management and Resiliency Training (SMART) program for public school staff. Materials and methods This single-arm, prospective trial involved an investigation of the effects of a brief SMART program on participant stress, anxiety, resilience, gratitude, happiness, life satisfaction, and quality of life (QOL). Results Significant improvements were noted in participant anxiety (P Conclusions The SMART program showed promising effectiveness for improving anxiety, stress, gratitude, happiness, life satisfaction and QOL. Given the prevalence and impact of teacher burnout, larger, controlled trials and broader dissemination of the intervention are warranted.
Possible Mechanism of Coupled NADPH Oxidase and P-450 Monooxygenase Action

Studies on the role of cytochrome b5 in the hepatic microsomal P-450 mediated mixed function oxidase reaction have shown this hemoprotein to clearly be an intermediate in the NADH-supported electron transfer pathway (Sasame et al., 1973; Hrycay and Prough, 1974; Hrycay and Estabrook, 1974; Lu et al., 1974; Jansson and Schenkman 1975, 1977). Less clear is the role of cytochrome b5 in the NADPH-supported and NADH-synergized reactions. This synergism has been shown to require cytochrome b5 by the use of antibodies (Sasame et al., 1973, Mannering et al., 1974, Jansson and Schenkman, 1977), but the mechanism has remained to be elucidated.
Structural health monitoring and seismic response assessment of bridge structures using target-tracking digital image correlation

Abstract Our nation’s infrastructure is aging and deteriorating which increases the need for condition assessment and structural health monitoring. For this purpose, there is a growing interest in using non-contact monitoring methods because of the challenges associated with deploying and installing conventional instrumentation. Target-tracking digital image correlation (DIC) is among these methods and is the focus of this paper. Several research activities have been conducted at the University of Nevada, Reno in the field of dynamic monitoring using DIC and presented here. The first part of the paper is concerned with a large-scale laboratory application where target-tracking DIC was utilized to monitor the response of a bridge structure tested under bidirectional earthquake shaking. The 3D dynamic response of the bridge, along with modal properties, i.e. natural frequency, damping ratio, and mode shapes, were measured or determined using both DIC and conventional instrumentation then compared for validation purposes. The second part of the paper presents results from field monitoring of an actual footbridge under pedestrian loading to determine the vibration frequencies of the bridge, and again compare it against results from conventional accelerometers for validation. From both applications, the DIC is demonstrated to successfully capture (1) peak and residual bridge deck rotation and deformation under different earthquake intensity levels and (2) modal properties for system identification. Practical DIC sampling rates were used to accurately monitor and capture the dynamic response of bridges, which shows a high potential for using DIC for larger structural health monitoring applications and future reconnaissance works.
An Integrative Review of the Role of Palliative Care in Lung Transplantation.

Background:Lung transplant patients experience significant physical symptoms and psychological stress that affect their quality of life. Palliative care is an interdisciplinary specialty associated...
Prehistoric Stone Projectile Points and Technological Convergence

Stone tools are found throughout the archaeological record left by humans and their ancestors beginning as much as 2.6–3.4 million years ago. Given the nearly ubiquitous use of stone tools by hominins, their study is an important line of inquiry for shedding light on questions of evolution and behavior. Because they were parts of past phenotypes, stone tools were shaped by the same evolutionary processes as were the somatic (bodily) features of their users. One evolutionary result of these processes is convergence—the appearance of similar forms in independent lineages that result from functional or developmental constraints. With respect to stone tools, identifying cases of convergence is particularly important because similarities in form are often used to suggest historical connections among prehistoric groups. Identifying cases of convergence would refute hypotheses that otherwise would suggest some degree of physical or cultural connection.
Clarifying question meaning in standardized interviews can improve data quality even though wording may change: a review of the evidence

Survey interviews are conducted to produce objective, accurate information in which interviewers ask questions as worded and their discretionary speech is carefully managed. To limit interviewer in...