cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential distribution of blood and lymphatic vessels in the murine cornea.

Both blood and lymph penetrate most tissues in the body, and dysfunction in their circulation is involved in a broad spectrum of diseases. Unlike blood vessels, lymphatic vessels are not easily visible. Although the lymphatic system was discovered at almost the same time as blood circulation, study in this field has made little progress during the past several decades until recently, when several lymphatic endothelium-specific markers, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) and lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronic acid receptor-1 (LYVE-1), were identified.1–6 The cornea is the most well-studied and well-characterized tissue of the eye in blood and lymphatic vessel research.6–8 As the forefront medium in the passage of light to the retina, it by nature maintains transparency and is devoid of any vasculatures. The limbus, however, a transitional zone between the transparent cornea and the opaque sclera, is normally endowed with both vessel types. It is also the site of surgical incisions for certain cataract and glaucoma surgeries.9,10 Although not normally present in the cornea, blood and lymphatic vessels are induced in the cornea after inflammatory, infectious, traumatic, chemical, or toxic insult.6 Once induced, they enhance the high-volume delivery of antigens and antigen-presenting cells through the lymphatic channel and immune effector cells through the blood vessel channel, thus accelerating inflammation and transplant rejection.6–8 The importance of blood and lymphatic vessels in corneal transplantation immunity has also been demonstrated because the risk for corneal graft rejection increases as more quadrants of the cornea are vascularized.11 In addition, it has been found that surgical severing of the lymphatic pathway leads to universal corneal transplant survival without any form of pharmaceutical immune modulation.12 However, this surgical approach is not practical in the clinic. More recent studies have focused on the alternative molecular regulation of the lymphatic pathway, with some promising results on a few factors of the VEGFR and integrin families.13–16 Despite all these recent advances in corneal research, to date no study has been conducted on whether blood and lymphatic vessels are evenly distributed in the limbus and the cornea under normal or inflamed conditions. Answers to these questions are important for our understanding of the pathogenesis of limbal and corneal diseases and the development of more effective therapeutic strategies for them. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to identify and characterize possible organized distribution of blood and lymphatic vessels in the limbus and the cornea. Using a standardized method system, we herein provide the first evidence of a nasal-side polarized distribution of both vessel types under normal condition and their disparate changes during inflammatory responses.
Why do people pay taxes

Abstract Why do people pay taxes when they have an opportunity, even an incentive, to evade? The experimental results in this paper suggest that tax compliance occurs because some individuals overweight the low probability of audit, although such overweighting is not universal. The results also indicate that compliance does not occur simply because individuals believe that evasion is wrong, since subject behavior is unchanged by the use of either neutral or loaded terms. Finally, there is evidence that individuals pay taxes because they value the public goods that their taxes finance. In short, individuals exhibit much diversity in their behavior.
Mesoscale analyses of the Sichuan flood catastrophe 11-15 July 1981

Abstract During the period 11–15 July 1981, heavy rainfall occurred over the Sichuan basin in China, resulting in severe floods that took a large toll in human life and property damage. Synoptic analyses indicate that early in this period the southerly monsoon flow was particularly strong near the basin because of a favorable positioning of the Pacific subtropical high and the Indian monsoon depression. The passage of a deep midlatitude trough from the Lake Baikal region brought colder, drier air from Siberia into southwest China. The Siberian air stream met the monsoon current over the eastern plateau and the Sichuan basin, creating a region of large-scale, low-level convergence. Mesoscale analyses show that the flood was directly related to the extreme development of a long-lived mesoscale vortex [called south (SW) vortex by Chinese meteorologists] over the basin as it merged with another mesoscale vortex generated over the Tibetan Plateau. Mesoscale heat and moisture budgets suggest that the latent hea...
Chronic stress enhances spatial memory in ovariectomized female rats despite CA3 dendritic retraction: Possible involvement of CA1 neurons

Emerging data report sex differences in how the brain responds to chronic stress. Here, we investigated the effects of chronic restraint stress (6 h/day/21 days) on hippocampal morphology and function in ovariectomized female rats. Chronic restraint stress caused CA3 apical dendritic retraction in short- and long-shafted neurons, while it reduced basal dendritic arbors in long-shafted neurons only. Chronic restraint did not affect CA1 dendritic arborization, although it increased the proportion of CA1 spine heads compared with controls. Both stressed and control animals performed well on the Y-maze, a spatial memory task. However, chronic stress enhanced Y-maze performance compared with controls, which may reflect facilitated spatial memory or reduced habituation. Y-maze performance correlated with CA1 spine head proportion. This relationship suggests that spatial ability in females may be more tightly coupled with CA1 morphology, which may override the influence of CA3 dendritic retraction. Thus, this research provides additional evidence that CA3 morphology does not always parallel spatial memory.
Spatial structure of light and a nonlinear refractive index generated by fanning in photorefractive media

We investigate asymmetric stimulated photorefractive scattering (fanning) in the framework of a two-dimensional model, based on the solution of nonlinear material equations and parabolic equations for electromagnetic radiation. We focus on the spatial distribution of electromagnetic fields and the nonlinear refractive index generated by fanning. In the region of developed fanning the structure of the refractive index corresponds to regions of relatively smooth index with abrupt transitions between them. These transitions trace lines of zero field.
Differential Regulation of Interleukin-8 and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 by H2O2 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Endothelial and Epithelial Cells

Abstract The reactive oxygen intermediate H2O2 can function as a signaling molecule to activate gene expression. In this study, we demonstrate that oxidant stress induced by tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) or H2O2 differentially regulates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene expression in endothelial and epithelial cells. Northern blot analysis revealed that TNFα induced both ICAM-1 and IL-8 expression in either the A549 lung epithelial cell line or the human microvessel endothelial cell line (HMEC-1). In contrast, H2O2 selectively induced only ICAM-1 in HMEC-1 and only IL-8 in A549. This cell type-specific pattern of IL-8 expression was also observed in several other endothelial and epithelial cells. TNFα induced greater IL-8 gene expression as compared with H2O2, but the kinetics of induction were similar. The induction of epithelial IL-8 message was accompanied by a corresponding increase in functional IL-8 protein secretion as determined by a neutrophil motility assay. The increased neutrophil motility stimulated by conditioned media from H2O2- or TNFα-exposed A549 cells was completely inhibited by an anti-IL-8 antibody. TNFα and H2O2 also induced a differential pattern of CC chemokine expression in A549. While TNFα induced both RANTES and MCP-1, H2O2 induced only MCP-1. These data suggest that epithelial cells under oxidant stress contribute to the inflammatory cytokine network by selective production of IL-8, MCP-1, and RANTES, which may critically influence the site-specific recruitment of leukocyte subsets.
Uncertainty Quantification of the Hybrid Method for Particle Field Measurement Using Digital In-Line Holography

Digital in-line holography has been applied extensively to particle field measurement, where the particles can be the tracer particles for flow measurements, droplets in spray diagnostics, or aquatic microorganisms. The particle detection algorithm plays a key role in accurate detection of particle 3D locations and sizes. A hybrid method has recently been proposed for particle field measurement in digital in-line holography. It features automatic determination of the threshold for segmentation of the particle field and the capability to measure particles of arbitrary shapes. Using the hybrid method, the particle 3D location, size and shape information can be extracted. The uncertainty of the hybrid method is characterized using both synthetic and experimental holograms at different particle field conditions. The depth measurement uncertainty is within 2 times the particle diameter for a wide range of particle field conditions.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
DIMENSIONS OF THE PROSTATIC AND MEMBRANOUS URETHRA IN NORMAL MALE DOGS DURING MAXIMUM DISTENSION RETROGRADE URETHROCYSTOGRAPHY

Prostatic and membranous urethral diameter was measured in 24 normal mature male Beagle dogs during maximum distension retrograde urethrocystography. This technique involved retrograde urethral distension by infusion with contrast medium until the urinary bladder was distended and the vesicourethral junction remained opened as observed by fluoroscopy. Lateral and ventro-dorsal radiographs were made during subsequent injections of 5–10 ml of contrast medium. The prostatic urethra was consistently greater in diameter than the membranous urethra. However, the numerical ratio between the prostatic urethral diameter and the membranous urethral diameter varied among these dogs by a factor of 2 at the numerical extremes.
Cyclic oligomer formation in the copolymerization of isoprene with isobutylene

Etudes par RMN et MS des traces d'oligomeres formes dans la copolymerisation cationique: les 2 composes majoritaires formes ont pour formule brute C 13 H 24 , identifies comme l'isopropenyl-1 tetramethyl-2,2,4,4, cyclohexane et C 21 H 40 , dont une structure possible serait un isopropenyl-1 octyl-6 tetramethyl-2,2,4,4 hexane. Discussion de leur mecanisme de formation possible
Undecidability and Initial Segments of the (R.E.) TT-Degrees

A notion of reducibility ≤ r between sets is specified by giving a set of procedures for computing one set from another. We say that a set A is r-reducible to a set B, A ≤ r B , if one of the procedures applied to B gives A . Associated with any such reducibility notion is the structure of r -degrees, the equivalence classes of sets with respect to this reducibility, with the induced ordering. The most general notion of a computable reducibility is that of Turing, ≤ T . Here we say that A ≤ T B if there is a Turing machine φ e which, when equipped with an oracle for B , computes A : φ e B = A . Such Turing degree computations are characterized by the phenomenon that only during the computation itself do we discover which questions about B need to be answered to compute A(x) . In contrast, for nearly all other computable reducibilities the set of questions needed is given in advance by a recursive procedure. Perhaps the most common example of such a procedure is many-one reducibility, ≤ m : A ≤ m B if there is a recursive function f such that x ∈ A ⇔ f ( x ) ∈ B . Reducibilities with the property that the output, A ( x ), is determined by the answers that B gives to a set of questions calculated recursively from x are said to be of tabular type. The most general tabular reducibility is called truth-table reducibility, ≤ tt . The procedures [ e ] associated with this reducibility are specified by a recursive function f (= { e }) which, for each x , gives a set of n questions about the oracle and, for each of the possible 2 n sets of answers, gives the corresponding output. As usual this defines A ≤ tt B as “there is an e such that [ e ] B = A ”. It is with this notion of reducibility and the associated tt-degrees that we shall be concerned in this paper. Basic information on several such strong reducibilities can be found in Rogers [28]. For more information we recommend the survey articles by Odifreddi [25] and Degtev [2] as well as Odifreddi's book [26].
Applications of In-Source Fragmentation of Protein Ions for Direct Sequence Analysis by Delayed Extraction MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

In matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization of proteins, there exists a certain amount of fast metastable decay immediately after laser irradiation. The fragment ions thus formed can be resolved and their m/z values measured accurately by employing delayed extraction linear time-of-flight mass spectrometry. At higher than threshold laser fluences, proteins exhibit a series of fragment ions providing useful sequence information. We also observe that when moderate amounts of salts are present in the sample with sinapinic acid being the matrix, the intensities of cn ions (N-terminal fragments) are enhanced compared to other types of fragment ions. This enhancement in cn ion signals allows direct sequencing of proteins. The cn ions are completely absent when Xxx−Pro bonds are encountered and are of lower intensity when Xxx−Gly bonds are involved. Further, the cn ion series is interrupted at Xxx−Cys, when the cysteine is involved in a disulfide bond. Upon reduction of the disulfide bonds, the series continu...
β2-Adrenergic receptor activation delays wound healing

Keratinocytes migrate directionally into the wound bed to initiate re-epithelialization, necessary for wound closure and restoration of barrier function. They solely express the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR) subtype of beta-ARs and can also synthesize beta-AR agonists generating a hormonal mediator network in the skin. Emerging studies from our laboratory demonstrate that beta-AR agonists decrease keratinocyte migration via a protein phosphatase (PP) 2A-dependent mechanism. Here we have extended our investigations to observe the effects of beta2-AR activation on keratinocyte polarization, migration, and ERK phosphorylation at the wound edge, cytoskeletal organization, phospho-ERK intracellular localization, proliferation, human skin wound re-epithelialization, wound-induced ERK phosphorylation, and murine skin wound healing. We demonstrate that in keratinocytes, beta2-AR activation is anti-motogenic and anti-mitogenic with both mechanisms being PP2A dependent. beta2-AR activation dramatically alters the organization of the actin cytoskeleton and prevents localization of phospho-ERK to the lamellipodial edge and its colocalization with vinculin. Finally, we demonstrate a beta2-AR-mediated delay in re-epithelialization and decrease in wound-induced epidermal ERK phosphorylation in human skin wounds and a delay in re-epithelialization in murine tail-clip wounds. Our work uncovers novel keratinocyte biology and a previously unrecognized role for the adrenergic hormonal mediator network in the wound repair process.
ANALYZING POLICY IMPACT: SELECTION OF A LINEAR TREND MODEL

Policy analysts, as well as politicians, have shown great interest in assessing both short-term and long-term consequences of public policies in recent years. Recent time-trend studies have attempted to depict the time dimension of policy consequences through extensions of regression techniques. This study examines three linear trend models which have been used to depict policy impact through time-series analyses, and identifies the relative advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of each model. The three models are applied in a quasi-experimental time-series design to time-series of per capita state expenditures for large cities, in eight states, over a twenty-year period. Differences in degrees of multicollinearity and autocorrelation inherent in the three models are discussed, and the model providing the most conservative coefficient estimates is identified.
A harmonic analysis approach to simulation sensitivity analysis

Simulation sensitivity analysis is an issue faced by simulation practitioners analyzing complex systems. This paper presents steady-state simulation expected response gradient and Hessian estimators, using harmonic analysis. These estimators exploit the orthogonality of the harmonic basis and require just one simulation run, independent of the number of input parameters. Convergence properties and implementation issues for the estimators are discussed. Examples are included to illustrate the performance of the estimators.
Some Techniques for Order Reduction of Nonlinear Time Periodic Systems

In this paper, some techniques for order reduction of nonlinear systems with time periodic coefficients are introduced. The equations of motion are first trasformed using the Lyapunov-Floquet transformation such that the linear parts of the new set of equations are time-invariant. To reduce the order of this transformed system three model reduction techniques are suggested. The first approach is simply an application of the well-known linear method to nonlinear systems. In the second technique, the idea of singular perturbation and noninear projection are employed, whereas the concept of invariant manifold for time-periodic system forms the basis for the third method. A discussion of nonlinear projection method and time periodic invariant manifold technique is included. The invariant manifold based technique yields a ‘reducibility condition’. This is an important result due to the fact that various types of resonance are present in such systems. If the ‘reducibility condition’ is satisfied only then a nonlinear order reduction is possible. In order to compare the results obtained from various reduced order modeling techniques, an example consisting of two parametrically excited coupled pendulums is included. Reduced order results and full-scale dynamics are used to construct approximate and exact Poincare maps, respectively, because it portrays the long-term behavior of system dynamics. This measure is more convincing than just comparing the time traces over a short period of time. It is found that the invariant manifold yields the most accurate results followed by the nonlinear projection and the linear techniques.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Proper-Time Quantum Electrodynamics

The electromagnetic field is included in the proper-time formalism and quantized. All interaction and radiation effects except for vacuum polarization follow directly from the coupling of the quantized photon field to the first quantized electron. The nonlocal interaction makes the terms in the perturbation expansion finite. The many-electron theory is presented. A suitable interpretation of it permits the evaluation of vacuum polarization effects, preserving gauge invariance, and resulting in a finite charge renormalization.
Improved method for measuring the apparent CO2 photocompensation point resolves the impact of multiple internal conductances to CO2 to net gas exchange

There is a growing interest in accurate and comparable measurements of the CO2 photocompensation point (Γ*), a vital parameter to model leaf photosynthesis. The Γ* is measured as the common intersection of several CO2 response curves, but this method may incorrectly estimate Γ* by using linear fits to extrapolate curvilinear responses and single conductances to convert intercellular photocompensation points (Ci*) to chloroplastic Γ*. To determine the magnitude and minimize the impact of these artefacts on Γ* determinations, we used a combination of meta-analysis, modelling and original measurements to develop a framework to accurately determine Ci*. Our modelling indicated that the impact of using linear fits could be minimized based on the measurement CO2 range. We also propose a novel method of analysing common intersection measurements using slope–intercept regression. Our modelling indicated that slope–intercept regression is a robust analytical tool that can help determine if a measurement is biased because of multiple internal conductances to CO2. Application of slope–intercept regression to Nicotiana tabacum and Glycine max revealed that multiple conductances likely have little impact to Ci* measurements in these species. These findings present a robust and easy to apply protocol to help resolve key questions concerning CO2 conductance through leaves.
Queering the Public Sphere in Mexico and Brazil: Sexual Rights Movements in Emerging Democracies. By Rafael de la Dehesa. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2010. 320p. $84.95 cloth, $23.95 paper.

Rafael de la Dehesa has written an empirically rich and analytically nuanced book that explores the rise and development of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) activist engagements with the state in Brazil and Mexico. The two cases are ideal for comparative analysis: Movements in both countries emerged under semiauthoritarian regimes and operated as their countries transitioned to democracy, but the paths they took show striking differences, allowing de la Dehesa to argue forcefully for the importance of the local and the contingent as activists navigate the national and transnational fields in which they are embedded. As the concept of embeddedness warrants, even while pointing toward the importance of the particular and the agentic, de la Dehesa carefully shows as well how constrained, and enabled, activists were by the multiple fields in which they operated. Queering the Public Sphere in Mexico and Brazil, then, successfully charts an analytical course that recognizes the powerful but nontotalizing nature of institutions, economic forces, and discourses.
Morphological Characterization of Antennal Sensilla of the Dogwood Borer (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)

The external morphology of the dogwood borer, Synanthedon scitula (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), antennae and their sensilla was investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. Male and female antennae were clavate before tapering to an apical point and consisted of three main segments; scape, pedicel, and flagellum. Although there was no significant difference in the length of the flagellum between genders, the number of flagellomeres was significantly greater in females than in males and the length and width of individual flagellomeres was significantly greater in males than in females, except near the proximal and distal end of the antennae. The antennal flagellum of both male and female dogwood borer contained seven sensillum types: auricillica, basiconica, chaetica, coeloconica, squamiformia, styloconica, and trichoidea (three subtypes). The mean number of sensilla basiconica did not differ between female and male antennae, but all other sensillum types were significantly more abundant on female antennae. The morphology and purported function of each sensillum type are discussed in relation to the host and oviposition site finding and acceptance behaviors exhibited by dogwood borer.
The Fermilab muon (g−2) project

A proposal to Fermilab, P989, has the goal to improve on the precision of the muon anomalous magnetic moment, a μ = ( g μ − 2 ) / 2 by at least a factor of 4 beyond the 0.54 ppm relative precision obtained in E821 at Brookhaven. The precision storage ring will be moved to Fermilab and installed in a new building. A new 8 GeV/c proton beamline and 3.1 GeV/c muon beamline will be built. The unique capabilities of Fermilab to produce a proton beam with pulses containing ≃ 1 × 10 12 protons at an advantageous duty factor will provide the necessary increase of statistics in a reasonable running time. This new experiment should clarify the apparent difference between the experimental and Standard-Model values of a μ .
Using Evolutionary Programming for Finite Element Problems

This exploratory paper attempts to determine the viability of using evolutionary programming to solve general structural mechanics problems. A reasonable objective function is presented using a standard finite element method. The weighted sum of four error vector norms is used as the fitness value of a candidate solution. Results and discussions are presented for simultaneous linear equations and 2-D truss problems. The results indicate that scaling is vital, indicating the need for adaptive scaling and that the method is viable for solving structural mechanics problems.
The Impact of Influenza Epidemics on Hospitalizations

The traditional method for assessing the severity of influenza seasons is to estimate the associated increase (i.e., excess) in pneumonia and influenza (PI however, the average seasonal risk for influenza-related P&I hospitalizations was much higher in the elderly than in persons aged <65 years. The 26 pairs of excess P&I hospitalization and mortality rates were linearly correlated. During the A(H3N2) influenza seasons after the 1968 pandemic, excess P&I hospitalizations declined among persons aged <65 years but not among the elderly. This suggests that influenza-related hospitalizations will increase disproportionately among younger persons in future pandemics.
Impact of prenatal nicotine on the structure of midbrain dopamine regions in the rat

In utero exposure of rats to nicotine (NIC) provides a useful animal model for studying the impact of smoking during pregnancy on human offspring. Certain sequelae of prenatal NIC exposure suggest an impact on the development of the midbrain dopamine (DA) system, which receives a robust cholinergic innervation from the mesopontine tegmentum. We therefore investigated whether prenatal NIC induced structural changes in cells and synapses within the midbrain that persisted into adulthood. Osmotic minipumps delivering either sodium bitartrate (vehicle; VEH) or NIC bitartrate at 2 mg/kg/day were implanted into nine timed-pregnant dams at E4. At birth, rat pups were culled to litters of six males each, and the litters were cross-fostered. Plasma levels of NIC and cotinine from killed pups provided evidence of NIC exposure in utero. Pups separated from dams at weaning showed a trend toward reduced locomotor activity at this time point but not when tested again in adulthood. Adult rats were killed for anatomical studies. Estimates of brain size and volume did not vary with NIC treatment. Midbrain sections stained for Nissl or by immunoperoxidase for tyrosine hydroxylase and analyzed using unbiased stereology revealed no changes in volume or cell number in the substantia nigra compacta or ventral tegmental area as a result of NIC exposure. Within the ventral tegmental area, electron microscopic physical disector analysis showed no significant differences in the number of axon terminals or the number of asymmetric (putative excitatory) or symmetric (putative inhibitory) synapses. Although too infrequent to estimate by unbiased stereology, no obvious difference in the proportion of cholinergic axons was noted in NIC- versus VEH-treated animals. These data suggest that activation of nicotinic receptors during prenatal development induces no significant modifications in the structure of cells in the ventral midbrain when assessed in adulthood.
The All-in-One Box

Discusses the development of a single, multifunctional device that will handle a stream of all home multimedia services.
Modification of the hydriding of uranium using ion implantation

The hydrating of depleted uranium at 76 Torr hydrogen and 130/sup 0/C has been significantly reduced by implantation of oxygen ions. The high-dose implanted specimens had incubation times for the initiation of the reaction after exposure to hydrogen that exceeded those of the non-implanted specimens by more than a factor of eight. Furthermore, the non-implanted specimens consumed enough hydrogen to cause macroscopic flaking of essentially the entire surface in times much less than the incubation time for the high-dose implanted specimens. In contrast, the ion-implanted specimens reacted only at isolated spots with the major fraction of the surface area unaffected by the hydrogen exposure. 9 references, 3 figures.
Subjective visual vertical testing in children and adolescents

Objectives/Hypothesis Subjective visual vertical (SVV) is a vestibular test commonly used in adults that has not been well studied in children. In this test, the patient aligns a projected line with the perceived true vertical. Deviation of >2° is usually associated with utricular dysfunction and may also be seen with central vestibular lesions. The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of SVV in children. Study Design Prospective, controlled study. Methods Thirty-three children aged 7 to 18 years with (n = 21) and without (n = 12) dizziness underwent static SVV. History, exam, rotary chair, and caloric testing were used to categorize subjects with dizziness into groups with peripheral vestibular loss (PVL), benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo (BPPV), central vertigo (CV), and nonvestibular dizziness (NVD). Results Mean SVV deviation was significantly higher in the peripheral vestibular loss group (n = 4; 2.1 ± 1.5) compared to BPPV (n = 5; 0.5 ± 0.3), CV (n = 7; 0.4 ± 0.3), NVD (n = 5; 0.6 ± 0.4), and control (n = 12; 0.7 ± 0.5) groups by one-way analysis of variance (P = .002). SVV deviation >2° demonstrated a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 75%, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 97% for PVL. Conclusions SVV is a simple, noninvasive test that provides a valuable contribution to the assessment of peripheral vestibular function in children. Level of Evidence 3b Laryngoscope, 126:727–731, 2016
Measuring object speed using stereo tracking

Stereo vision provides us the ability to perceive objects in 3D. By continuously tracking an object in stereo videos, the information about object motion can be acquired. In this paper, we propose a novel method which unifies the tracking and speed measuring within the Bayesian filtering framework and solves this problem using particle filtering approach. Vehicle speed measuring is studied as a specific example. Environment constraints are integrated into the tracking for reducing the uncertainty to achieve more robust and accurate results. Experiment results on both synthetic and real traffic sequences demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of our proposed method.
A typology of electronic health record workarounds in small-to-medium size primary care practices.

Objective Electronic health record (EHR) use in ambulatory care can improve safety and quality; however, problems with design, implementation, and poor interface with other systems lead users to develop ‘workarounds’, or behaviors users adopt to overcome perceived limitations in a technical system. We documented workarounds used in independent, community-based primary care practices, and developed a typology of their key features. Materials and methods Comparative case study of EHR use in seven independent primary care practices. Field researchers spent approximately 1 month in each practice to observe EHR use, conduct patient pathways, and interview clinicians and staff. Results We observed workarounds addressing a wide range of EHR-related problems, including: user interface issues (eg, insufficient data fields, limited templates), barriers to electronic health information exchange with external organizations, and struggles incorporating new technologies into existing office space. We analyzed the observed workarounds inductively to develop a typology that cuts across specific clinical or administrative processes to highlight the following key formal features of workarounds in general: temporary/routinized, which captures whether the workaround is taken for granted as part of daily workflow or is understood as a short-term solution; avoidable/unavoidable, referring to the extent to which the workaround is within the practice’ sp ower to eliminate; and deliberately chosen/unplanned, which differentiates strategically chosen adaptations from less thoughtful workarounds. Conclusions This workaround typology provides a framework for EHR users to identify and address workarounds in their own practices, and for researchers to examine the effect of different types of EHR workarounds on patient safety, care quality, and efficiency.
Boundary-value problems in the theory of lipid membranes

General contact conditions are developed for lipid membranes interacting with curved substrates along their edges. These include the anchoring conditions familiar from liquid-crystal theory and accommodate non-uniform membranes and non-uniform adhesion between a bulk fluid or membrane and a rigid substrate. The theory is illustrated through explicit solutions and numerical simulations.
Mechanical response of linear viscoelastic composite laminates incorporating non-isothermal physical aging effects

Abstract This paper presents a method of predicting the mechanical response of composite laminates including the effects of linear viscoelasticity and physical aging. Effective-time theory has been used to characterize the physical aging behavior of each linear viscoelastic lamina. In accordance with experimental findings, the aging behavior of each lamina is allowed to differ in the shear and transverse directions. The mechanical loading is restricted to the linear range, which decouples the aging and load behavior. A recursive algorithm has been used to solve the hereditary convolution integral that governs the response of each ply. Classical thin-laminate theory is then used to assemble the individual ply response equations and determine the overall laminate response to general in-plane force and moment loading. The method automatically recovers the ply-level stresses and strains, which are often critical to strength and durability predictions. The model can use either lamina compliance or modulus properties as its basis. Several illustrative examples of long-term laminate response to variable loading are presented and the impact of physical aging is explored. It is shown that for multidirectional laminates, the stiffness of the lamina in the fiber directions can allow simplifications of the model.
Exploring the Causal Impact of the McREL Balanced Leadership Program on Leadership, Principal Efficacy, Instructional Climate, Educator Turnover, and Student Achievement

This study uses a randomized design to assess the impact of the Balanced Leadership program on principal leadership, instructional climate, principal efficacy, staff turnover, and student achievement in a sample of rural northern Michigan schools. Participating principals report feeling more efficacious, using more effective leadership practices, and having a better instructional climate than control group principals. However, teacher reports indicate that the instructional climate of the schools did not change. Furthermore, we find no impact of the program on student achievement. There was an impact of the program on staff turnover, with principals and teachers in treatment schools significantly more likely to remain in the same school over the 3 years of the study than staff in control schools.
The Development and Evolution of Person‐Centered Expressive Art Therapy: A Conversation With Natalie Rogers

Many counselors are unaware that Natalie Rogers, daughter of Carl Rogers, has extended her father's work into the creative and expressive arts. This article includes a verbatim conversation with Natalie Rogers as she reflects on her childhood and her professional work. Person-centered expressive art therapy is an alternative to traditional verbal counseling approaches and may be especially helpful for clients stuck in linear, rigid, and analytic ways of thinking and experiencing the world.
Measurements of the tensor properties of third-order nonlinearities in wide-gap semiconductors.

We extend the z-scan technique to provide for measurements of the sign and the magnitude of all the independent components of χ(3) for isotropic and cubic-symmetry materials. This technique is used to measure the dispersion of the tensor components of the real and the imaginary parts of χ(3) for various wide-gap semiconductor materials by use of femtosecond laser pulses. Our measurements of the polarization dichroism of the nonlinear-index and two-photon absorption coefficients are in fair agreement with recent theoretical calculations; however, substantial discrepancies exist between the measured and predicted values for the corresponding anisotropy parameters.
Transracial Adoption and the Black Preschool Child

Abstract A pilot study to evaluate transracially adopted primary-school and preschool children in the areas of racial attitudes, intellectual functioning, and social, cognitive, and physical development. The authors conclude that the transracially adopted children were doing well socially and developmentally and at the time of the research were making evenly balanced racial preference choices. It would appear that transracial adoption is a viable option for black children who cannot be placed permanently in black homes.
Detection of Proteins in Starch Granule Channels

ABSTRACT Proteins were detected in channels of commercial starches of normal maize, waxy maize, sorghum, and wheat through labeling with a protein-specific dye and examination using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The dye, specifically 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (CBQCA), fluoresces only after it reacts with primary amines in proteins, and CLSM detects fluorescence-labeled protein distribution in an optical section of a starch granule while it is still in an intact state. Starch granules in thin sections of maize kernels also had channel proteins, indicating that proteins are native to the channels and not artifacts of isolation. Incubation of maize starch with protease (thermolysin) removed channel proteins, showing that channels are open to the external environment. SDS-PAGE analysis of total protein from gelatinized commercial waxy maize starch revealed two major proteins of about Mr 38,000 and 40,000, both of which disappeared after thermolysin digestion of raw starch. Co...
Characterization of Cement-Based Materials Modified with Graphene-Oxide

For applications in cement and concrete, studies on carbon-based nanomaterials have been almost exclusively on carbon nanotubes, even constituting a large portion of studies on nanomaterials of any type. Although a promising approach, economic and dispersion issues continue to limit industry acceptance. Graphene oxide (GO), derived cost-effectively from graphite, shows good dispersion in water. In this paper, preliminary results showing the beneficial effects of graphene oxide on the hardening and mechanical properties of cement-based materials are presented.
Solving the decreasing of time sophistication in the system of innerhouse patient transport

This article is orientated to the logistic system analysis in chosen medical institution from the point of its potential of increasing time flexibility during innerhouse transport of patients. In this article the key points of analysis are executed, namely their possible solutions in short-time and long-time horizon in the framework of accepted investive inputs.
Antibiotic Growth Promotion: Effects of Zinc Bacitracin and Oxytetracycline on Live Weight and Weights of Selected Muscles of New Hampshire Cockerels

Abstract Two antibiotic feeding trials were conducted using New Hampshire cockerels. Zinc bacitracin was used at low (11 mg./kg. of feed) and at high (550 mg./kg. of feed) levels in one trial; oxytetracycline (at the same levels) was used in the other. Both levels of bacitracin caused significant increases in live weight; the high level of oxytetracycline depressed the growth rate at about two weeks of age. Under the allometric model, 1) a single equation sufficed to express the relationship between carcass weight and live weight for all six groups of birds; 2) high levels of either antibiotic led to smaller leg muscle per mass per unit body weight; 3) neither antibiotic had an effect on the growth of biceps brachii or superficial pectoral muscle up to 8 weeks of age; 4) bacitracin depressed the relative growth of the deep pectoral muscle; oxytetracycline did not.
Suicide, silence and authorship in Camus:

Camus famously declares that ‘there is but one truly serious philosophical problem, and that is suicide’. I argue that while Camus finally rejects suicide as a response to the forsakenness of the h...
Identification of Key Factors in Integrating Aircraft and the Associated Supply Chains during Early Design Phases

The aerospace supply chain network has evolved over the years to become more complex and essential to a company’s success. Traditionally, the supply chain considerations are brought in after the design has been finalized. However, this no longer represents a sufficient practice to satisfy today’s market demand and meet the challenges inherent to the design and production of a new aircraft. This paper discusses the need to bring supply chain considerations and constraints earlier in the design process. It presents a new framework to establish and analyze the interrelationship between aircraft design and supply chain design. In particular, this paper aims to identify the significant factors linking the two disciplines during the early design phases. To do so, the authors leverage the Manufacturing-Influenced Design (MInD) methodology that generates and integrates manufacturing knowledge early into aircraft design. They further extend this methodology by integrating a supply chain model in the form of a mixed-integer programming with linear optimization that minimizes the total time-discounted network costs. The supply chain costs in turn provide additional criteria and constraints to the selection of aircraft designs. The aircraft design traits of the work breakdown structure (WBS), material selections, and the bill of materials (BoM) are all inputs to the supply chain model. Demand, production years, material unit cost, transportation unit cost, and labor rate are supply chain related inputs. Design of Experiments (DoE) and surrogate modeling techniques are then leveraged to generate aircraft performance as well as supply chain outputs. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to gain more insight into the key factors and their implications on real-world design decisions. Areas for future research are outlined at the end of the paper.
Brain Osmolyte Content and Blood-Brain Barrier Water Permeability Surface Area Product in Osmotic Edema

Brain edema was induced in adult rats by intraperitoneal injection of distilled water equivalent to 15% of the animal’ s body weight. Mean ± SEM serum osmolality fell from 291 ± 3 mOsm to 253 ± 4 mOsm during the next hour while cerebral gray matter water content increased from 79.5 ± 0.2% to 80.9 ± 0.2%. Gray matter content of sodium, potassium, taurine, glycine, glutamine, and glutamate were unchanged. However, the blood-brain barrier permeability/surface area product for water decreased by 40%. This alteration in water permeability may represent a response to limit water influx during the first hour of hypoosmotic brain edema.
A Method for Buy-sell Two-sided Matching Decision-making Method Considering the Trade Attitude of the Broker

With the emergence of the electronic broker,a new trade platform is provided for the commodity trade.The purpose of this paper is to research the buy-sell two-sided matching decision-making problem considering the different trade attitude of the brokers in e-commerce environment. Firstly,the description of the buy-sell twosided matching decision-making problem is given. Then,according to the trait of profit-oriented brokers,serviceoriented brokers and compromise-oriented brokers,a buy-sell two-sided matching model in the four kinds broker is constructed,where the objectives include: maximize the value of the matching pair,maximize the trade price and maximize the trade achieve level. Further,by solving the model,the buy-sell two-sided matching decisionmaking results are obtained. Finally,an illustrating example is given to show the feasibility and practicability of the proposed method. The paper can further improve the methods for the buy-sell two-sided matching decisionmaking and have a practical application value.
Prevalence of Compliance with a New Physical Activity Guideline for Preschool-Age Children.

Abstract Background: Four expert panels from Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States issued physical activity (PA) recommendations for young children that are quite similar. The aim of this study was to determine compliance with the new PA guideline (defined as ≥15 min/hr of total PA) in two independent samples of preschool children. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of children attending preschools in Columbia, South Carolina. A total of 286 children in one sample and 337 children in a second sample participated. The main outcome of interest was total PA (sum of light, moderate, and vigorous intensity activity) measured by accelerometry. Compliance with the PA guideline was determined for both samples. Separately for each sample, mixed logistic models were used to determine whether there were differences in compliance with the PA guideline between groups based on sex, race/ethnicity, parent education, and weight status, controlling for preschool. Results: Total PA was 14....
Heart transplantation. An update and review.

Since the 1 s t heart transplant was performed over 30 y ago, recipients have benefited from dramatic improvements in survival and quality of life following the procedure. Approximately 3 500 people worldwide now undergo heart transplantation each year. The vast majority of patients will have no limitations in their daily activities and will remain free of re-hospitalization after the 1 s t year The median survival following heart transplant is now 9 y, and it remains the treatment of choice for children and adults with end-stage heart disease despite emerging therapies. This article will review patient selection, perioperative management issues, medical management of recipients, and future trends in the treatment of this patient population.
Efficacy of Creative Training for Gifted Science Students

Gifted students are often creative, however scientific experimentation is not typically viewed as a creative endeavor (Alexakos, 2010; Bell, 2008). The view of science as a linear set of prescribed steps often leads to inaccurate perceptions of the domain and undeveloped creativity skills within the sciences among gifted learners (Adams, 2003; Bell, 2008).
Interaction between wave-induced air flow and turbulence: Comments on Fujinawa's paper on momentum transfer from turbulent atmosphere to water waves and on subsequent exchange of comments between Takematsu and Fujinawa

Apparently F's model is hard to accept as realistic mechanism of wave growth by turbulent momentum transfer nor does FR clarify obscure points in F questioned by T. However, as a Japanese proverbial horse which jumps out of a bottle-gourd, useful development might come out of a false start, since even science does not lack in such examples. I hope the present case will be one such example.
Ecological Commitments: Why Developmental Science Needs Naturalistic Methods

Much of developmental science aims to explain how or whether children's experiences influence their thoughts and actions. Developmental theories make assumptions and claims—what I call ecological commitments—about events outside research contexts. In this article, I argue that most developmental theories make ecological commitments about children's thoughts, actions, and experiences outside research contexts, and that these commitments sometimes go unstated and untested. I also argue that naturalistic methods can provide evidence for or against ecological commitments, and that naturalistic and experimental studies address unique yet complementary questions. Rather than argue for increasing the ecological validity of experiments or abandoning laboratory research, I propose reconsidering the relations among developmental theories, naturalistic methods, and laboratory experiments.