cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of androgens in the aetiology and pathology of pre-eclampsia.

Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, along with its complications such as prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation, perinatal asphyxia and abruptio placenta, continues to be one of the major causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Due to its morbid course, it is necessary to identify those at risk for the illness and take precautions. However, the lack of knowledge about the aetiology makes it difficult to assess risk factors. We studied the role of the serum androgens in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Ninety severe pre-eclamptic, 10 mild pre-eclamptic and 50 normotensive pregnant women were studied. The patient and control groups' blood total testosterone, free oestriol (FE3), FAI (free androgene index), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and dehydroepiandrostenedione sulphate (DHEA-S) values were compared. The sex, weight, APGAR scores and hospitalisation in the neonatal intensive care unit of the babies were also evaluated. No statistically significant difference in the total testosteron...
Sensitivity limits of continuous wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy.

An optimized nonlinear least-squares fit algorithm for data processing in cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) is discussed, which improves the calculation efficiency substantially over using a general purpose fitting package. Theoretical absorption sensitivity limits for both the detector noise and the shot noise limited situations are derived and compared with experimental results. The effect of limiting the bandwidth of detection system on ring-down signal is discussed and compared with real ring-down data. The optimal trigger level and fitting interval are obtained for continuous wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (cw-CRDS) in both the detector noise and shot noise limits, with the resulting sensitivity in units of cm–1 per (Hz1/2) derived. Interestingly, it is found that the optimized shot noise limited sensitivity in cw-CRDS method is, in principle, comparable with the ultimate sensitivity of noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectroscopy (NICE–OHMS).
A CDMA-based RFID inventory system: A CDMA approach as a solution for decreased power consumption

These notes detail the background, theory, and methodology of designing and building a CDMA-based RFID inventory system for use in applications where interrogator power, size, and/or weight is limited or where increased security or speed may be desired. Software and hardware simulations/implementations are described and a preliminary performance assessment is given. The notes conclude with a discussion of our future development plans.
Functional status, age, and long-term survival after trauma.

Background The association between functional status in trauma survivors and long-term outcomes is unknown. Methods We performed an observational cohort study on adult trauma patients (≥18 years), who required admission to the intensive care unit and who survived hospitalization between 1997 and 2011. The exposure of interest was a functional status defined as bed mobility, transfers, and gait level assessed at the time of hospital discharge. Adjusted odds ratios were estimated by multivariable logistic regression models. The primary outcome was all-cause, postdischarge mortality. Results We analyzed 3,565 patients with a mean (standard deviation) age of 55 (12.4) years; 60% were male, and 78% were white. The 720-day postdischarge mortality was 22.8%. In a logistic regression model, the lowest functional status category at hospital discharge was associated with 4-fold increased odds of 720-day postdischarge mortality (adjusted odds ratio 4.06 (95% confidence interval, 2.65–6.20, P P P = .002]). Finally, improvement of functional status prior to discharge was associated with a 52% decrease in the odds of 720-day postdischarge mortality (adjusted odds ratio 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.30–0.75; P Conclusion In trauma intensive care unit survivors, functional status at hospital discharge is predictive of long-term mortality.
Amylin Amyloid Inhibition by Flavonoid Baicalein: Key Roles of Its Vicinal Dihydroxyl Groups of the Catechol Moiety

Amyloid formation of the 37-residue amylin is involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and, potentially, diabetes-induced neurological deficits. Numerous flavonoids exhibit inhibitory effects against amylin amyloidosis, but the mechanisms of inhibition remain unclear. Screening a library of natural compounds uncovered a potent lead compound, the flavone baicalein. Baicalein inhibits amylin amyloid formation and reduces amylin-induced cytotoxicity. Analogue analyses demonstrated, for the first time, key roles of the vicinal hydroxyl groups on the A-ring. We provided mass spectrometric evidence that incubating baicalein and amylin leads to their conjugation, consistent with a Schiff base mechanism.
Population Dynamics and Estimation of Maximum Sustained Yield (MSY) in a Black-Tailed Deer Population

The population characteristics of a free-ranging deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) population in western Washington were studied from 1979 to 1989 to determine the impacts of sport hunting on the dynamics of the deer herd. Annual measurements of relative population density, age-specific reproductive rates, sex and age structure, harvest rates, and hunting effort have been used to understand the response of the deer populations to different harvest rates and resultant changes in deer density. A sustain yield (SY) curve was empirically derived from the 10 year data set, and compared with a theoretical curve, based on the logistic model. The SY curve derived from the data set indicated a higher maximum sustained yield (MSY) than the theoretically derived MSY value. The latter MSY was taken from a population at approximately 50% of carrying capacity, while the former was taken from a population at approximately 75% of carrying capacity. These observations are likely the result of the highly nonlinear relationship of reproductive rates and population density, which was also derived from the data set. The population dynamics model is now being applied to other deer herds for extensive field testing.
Atypical presentation of acute acquired comitant esotropia.

Comitant esotropia typically presents during infancy or early childhood and is usually benign and unrelated to an underlying neurological disorder.1998 Acute acquired comitant esotropia is an infre...
Art by Dispossession at El Paso Saddleblanket Company: Commodification and Graduated Sovereignty in Global Capitalism

The El Paso Saddleblanket Company (EPSB) is one of the largest and longest-lived traffickers in the accouterments of Southwestern style interior decorating in the USA. Since its founding, the EPSB has come to occupy a central place in the increasingly globalized production and consumption of “ethnic art.” Products include vaguely Southwestern USA/Northern Mexican–looking pottery, tin mirror and picture frames, rustic wooden niches, and other items, that are widely used to decorate homes in what has come to be called “the Santa Fe style.” This chapter examines one such item, the “knock-off” Navajo textiles sold at EPSB and other textiles like them, and the commodity chains that connect their makers in the USA, Mexico, and India to EPSB’s retail and wholesale outlets. David Harvey’s characterization of the important role of “accumulation by dispossession” in the historical development of neoliberal capitalism, Aihwa Ong’s work on “graduated sovereignty,” and Igor Kopytoff’s “biographical approach” to studying the meaning of material culture within the process of commoditization are combined to provide the interpretive framework for this transnational story. This triple analytical frame offers new perspectives into how the problematic connections between the aestheticization of objects as art and the negotiation of differential claims to sovereignty are co-produced within the geographic and cultural spaces opened up by global commercial flows.
Correlation of Conformational Changes and Protein Degradation with Loss of Lysozyme Activity Due to Chlorine Dioxide Treatment.

Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is a potent oxidizing agent used for the treatment of drinking water and decontamination of facilities and equipment. The purpose of this research is to elucidate the manner in which ClO2 destroys proteins by studying the effects of ClO2 on lysozyme. The degree of enzyme activity lost can be correlated to the treatment time and levels of the ClO2 used. Lysozyme activity was drastically reduced to 45.3% of original enzyme activity when exposed to 4.3 mM ClO2 in the sample after 3 h. Almost all activities were lost in 3 h after exposure to higher ClO2 concentrations of up to 16.8 and 21.9 mM. Changes in protein conformation and amount as a result of ClO2 treatment were determined using the Raman spectroscopy and gel electrophoresis. Raman shifts and the alteration of spectral features observed in the ClO2-treated lysozyme samples are associated with loss of the α-helix secondary structure, tertiary structure, and disulfide bond. Progressive degradation of the denatured lysozyme by increasing levels of chlorine dioxide was also observed in gel electrophoresis. Hence, ClO2 can effectively cause protein denaturation and degradation resulting in loss of enzyme activity.
Controlled cis Labilization of CO from Manganese(I) Mixed Carbonyl/Isocyanide Complexes: An Entry Point to Coordinatively Unsaturated Metallo-Lewis Acids

Presented herein is a general design strategy for the formation of coordinatively unsaturated Mn(I) fragments via the cis labilization of CO using metal carboxylates and subsequent deprotection by a range of abstraction agents. A consistent trend is observed in the ability of carboxylate ligands to facilitate CO dissociation as a function of the electron-releasing properties of the carboxylate R group. This is in agreement with previous theoretical work on cis-labilizing ligands. A variety of κ2-coordinated carboxylates function as site-protection ligands for the [Mn(CO)2(CNArDipp2)2]+ scaffold and can be liberated using a range of synthetic techniques. The coordinatively unsaturated species thus formed are shown to be strong metal-based Lewis acids and can engage in agostic-type interactions; in addition, they can be trapped as the corresponding solvento complexes by ethereal solvents.
Mechanisms of EUV exposure: electrons and holes

In extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, 92 eV photons are used to expose photoresists. Current EUV photoresists are composed of photoacid generators (PAGs) in polymer matrices. Secondary electrons (2 - 80 eV) created in resists during EUV exposure play large role in acid-production. There are several proposed mechanisms for electron-resist interactions: internal excitation, electron trapping, and hole-initiated chemistry. Here, we will address two central questions in EUV resist research: (1) How many electrons are generated per EUV photon absorption? (2) By which mechanisms do these electrons interact and react with molecules in the resist? We will use this framework to evaluate the contributions of electron trapping and hole initiated chemistry to acid production in chemically amplified photoresists, with specific emphasis on the interdependence of these mechanisms. We will show measurements of acid yield from direct bulk electrolysis of PAGs and EUV exposures of PAGs in phenolic and nonphenolic polymers to narrow down the mechanistic possibilities in chemically amplified resists.
Energy and Wealth Production: An Historical Perspective

There are many scientists from different disciplines who have thought deeply about the long-term relation of humans and wealth production. Most have concluded that the best general way to think about how different societies evolved over time is from the perspective of surplus energy. To chemists Frederick Soddy and William Ostwald, anthropologist Leslie White, archeologist and historian Joseph Tainter, sociologist Fred Cottrell, historian John Perlin, systems ecologist Howard T. Odum, sociologist and economist Nicolas Georgescu-Roegen, energy scientist Vaclav Smil, and a number of others in these and other disciplines, human history, including contemporary events, is essentially about exploiting energy and the technologies to do so. This is not the perspective taught in our schools and the role of energy is essentially missing from our dominant books and teaching about history. Instead human history usually is seen in terms of generals, politicians, and other personalities.
Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of recombination of vinyl and hydroxyl radicals

Abstract The recombination of the vinyl (C2H3) and the hydroxyl (OH) radicals was studied computationally using quantum chemistry and master equation/RRKM. The reaction mechanism includes the initial addition, several isomerization steps, and decomposition via seven different channels. The spectrum of products demonstrates temperature dependence in the 300–3000 K range. At low temperatures (below 1600 K), CH3 + HCO products are dominant but at elevated temperatures vinoxy radical (CH2CHO) and hydrogen atom become more important. The acetyl (CH3CO) + H products and formation of vinylidene (CH2C:) and water products are minor but non-negligible.
Seaport Climate Vulnerability Assessment at the Multi-Port Scale: A Review of Approaches

In the face of climate change impacts projected over the coming century, seaport decision makers have the responsibility to manage risks for a diverse array of stakeholders and enhance seaport resilience against climate and weather impacts. At the single port scale, decision makers such as port managers may consider the uninterrupted functioning of their port the number one priority. But, at the multi-port (regional or national) scale, policy-makers will need to prioritize competing port climate-adaptation needs in order to maximize the efficiency of limited physical and financial resources and maximize the resilience of the marine transportation system as a whole. This chapter provides an overview of a variety of approaches that set out to quantify various aspects of seaport vulnerability. It begins with discussion of the importance of a “multi-port” approach to complement the single case study approach more commonly applied to port assessments. It then addresses the components of climate vulnerability assessments and provides examples of a variety of approaches. Finally, it concludes with recommendations for next steps.
CT evaluation of the paranasal sinuses in symptomatic and asymptomatic populations.

The frequency of concha bullosa, paradoxical middle turbinate, and septal deviation on coronal computed tomographic scans evaluating sinus disease is known, but the incidence in normal subjects is ...
Does the Addition of Either a Lateral or Posterior Interbody Device to Posterior Instrumented Lumbar Fusion Decrease Cost Over a 6-Year Period?

Study Design:Retrospective case-control study.Objectives:Few studies have compared the costs of single-level (1) posterior instrumented fusion alone (PSF), (2) posterior interbody fusion with PSF (...
Long-term effects of iloperidone on cerebral dopamine receptor subtypes.

The atypical antipsychotic drug iloperidone has high affinity for a wide range of neurotransmitter receptors, including dopaminergic (DA), serotonergic, and adrenergic receptors. We examined the long-term effects of multiple doses of iloperidone on DA D1 , D2 , D3 , and D4 receptor subtypes. Sprague-Dawley adult rats (n = 8/group) received daily intraperitoneal injections of iloperiodone (0.5, 1, or 5 mg/kg) or vehicle for 4 weeks. Receptor autoradiography quantified the levels of DA receptors in medial prefrontal cortex (MPC), dorsolateral frontal cortex (DFC), caudate putamen (CPu), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and hippocampus (HIP). Four weeks of iloperidone treatment at 5 mg/kg significantly increased D1 receptors in NAc (36%) and CPu (38%). Iloperidone (1.5 and 5 mg/kg) dose-dependently increased D2 receptors in MPC (37 and 47%) and HIP (32 and 40%). Only the high dose of iloperidone (5 mg/kg) increased D2 receptors in NAc (39%) and CPu (38%). Repeated treatment with iloperidone (1.5 and 5 mg/kg) increased D4 receptors in the NAc (39 and 78%), CPu (42 and 83%) and HIP (54 and 72%). The three doses of iloperidone failed to alter D3 receptors in the brain regions examined in this study. These results suggest that iloperidone exerts region- and dose-specific effects on forebrain DA receptor subtypes, which may contribute to its therapeutic benefits in improving the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia with minimal extrapyramidal side effects.
Personalist Economics: Reconstructing Economics on Different Philosophical Premises

Personalist economics is at once something old and something new. It is something old in the sense that it is the most recent and, we hope, the most advanced thinking about economic affairs from the perspective of Catholic social thought in its more than 100-year history of development. Personalist economics is something new in the sense that little or nothing has been published on this subject, either as a book or in the periodical literature.1
Subgroups of Young Sexual Minority Women Based on Drinking Locations and Companions and Links With Alcohol Consequences, Drinking Motives, and LGBTQ-Related Constructs.

Objective:Sexual minority women (SMW; e.g., lesbians, bisexual women) are at increased risk for alcohol use disorders and related problems compared with heterosexual women. However, little is known...
40V High Side PSI5 Transceiver with $65\text{dB}\mu \text{V}$ Conducted Emission Level in a BiCMOS Process

Controlling ElectroMagnetic Interference (EMI) is critical in analog circuits. Specifically in transceivers high slew rates of voltages and currents can interfere with other nearby electronics. On one such emerging automotive standard viz. the Peripheral Sensor Interface (PSI5), the electromagnetic emission from the SYNC pulse generated by the PSI5 transceiver can interfere during communication with the sensor. Known techniques of adding external filters or using Spread Spectrum methods to reduce EMI are not applicable due to cost over head and strict timing requirements. Hence a digitally assisted pulse shaping technique to generate a SYNC pulse with different slopes along with an induced analog ramp at the start of the SYNC pulse to meet timing requirement is proposed in order to reduce the EMI. BiCMOS process is the best choice for speed, accuracy and protection at 40V. This design is implemented and successfully validated on a 40V BiCMOS process. The conducted emission limit is $65\text{dB}\mu \text{V}$ at 200KHz, fully operational for 6V to 40V battery and 100mA current limitation during short to ground conditions at the output.
Colon Cancer Tumor Location Defined by Gene Expression May Disagree With Anatomic Tumor Location.

Abstract Background Cancers of the right colon have been shown to differ from left-side colon cancers in prognosis, response to epithelial growth factor receptor inhibitors, microsatellite instability and BRAF mutation status, and other molecular characteristics. Clinical application of these differences will benefit from a deeper understanding of how tumor location defines and is defined by gene expression. Materials and Methods This study was carried out using Affymetrix microarray datasets (Cohort A: training set, n = 352; validation set, n = 519) and samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas Colon Adenocarcinoma database (Cohort B: n = 408), in which tumor location was reported. Gene expression patterns characteristic of tumor side were identified in a manner unbiased by statistical classification method. Results In the Cohort A validation set, the anatomic locations of 75% of tumors agree with the locations predicted by gene expression (so-called genomic location), whereas 8% of tumors had genomic locations discordant with their anatomic locations, and 17% of tumors had ambiguous genomic locations. Genomic location was a better predictor of microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype status, and BRAF mutation status than anatomic location. Tumors with ambiguous genomic location were significantly (P = 1.3 × 10−7) more likely to have the mesenchymal consensus molecular subtype (40%) than those with a specific genomic location (18%). A genomic signature to predict genomic location was defined. Conclusion Tumor location is increasingly considered in deciding treatment of a colon tumor. We showed that genomic location was superior to anatomic location as a predictor of molecular characteristics, suggesting that it may be a more accurate predictor of response.
Microstructure-topology relationship effects on the quasi-static and dynamic behavior of additively manufactured lattice structures

Abstract This study demonstrates a relationship between manufacturing variables including design topology and post-processing heat treatment on the porosity distribution, quasi-static, and dynamic behavior of additively manufactured lattice structures (AMLS). Lattice structures were manufactured out of Inconel 718 using selective laser melting technique with four different topologies. The effect of heat treatment on the porosity size and distribution was examined using X-ray computed tomography for as-built (AB), stress relieved (SR), and hot isostatic pressed (HIP) plus solution aged (SA) heat-treatment conditions. It was noticed that reduction of porosity in the as-built samples, as a result of SR, was greater compared the porosity reduction due to the subsequent HIP plus SA. Quasi-static and dynamic loading was conducted and it was found that the deformation trends of each topology were independent of the strain rate. It was also found that the stress relieving heat treatment process enhances the quasi-static and dynamic flow stress after yielding. However, further heat-treating, including HIP and SA, for the same topology were not as effective as the initial SR process. Furthermore, the validity of digital image correlation in measuring average global strain and the validity of using a Kolsky bar for measuring dynamic mechanical behavior of AMLS are discussed.
Influence of Microbe and Enzyme-Induced Treatments on Cemented Sand Shear Response

AbstractMicrobial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) and enzyme-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (EICP) are both soil improvement techniques that improve the shear response of sa...
Rag1D600A, a novel catalytically inactive RAG mouse model

The RAG complex (RAG1 and RAG2) can bind to recombination signal sequences of antigen receptor loci gene segments and coordinate V(D)J recombination which is the primary method of generating antigen receptor diversity. Previous biochemistry studies discovered RAG1 D600, D708 and E962 residues as essential for catalytic DNA nicking and hairpin forming activity of the RAG complex. Neutralization of each of the acidic residues does not impair DNA binding to recombination signal sequence containing DNA substrates, but cleavage of the substrates is severely compromised. These three acidic residues are thought to comprise a DDE motif that is responsible for binding to a divalent cation that is necessary for cleavage activity. Although a Rag1-/-; RAG1-D708A transgenic mouse model system has been used to study dynamics of RAG activity, transgenic expression may not precisely mimic expression from the endogenous locus. In order to improve upon this model, we created Rag1D600A mice that lack B and T cells and demonstrate a developmental block at the pro-B and DN stages, respectively. Thus, Rag1D600A mice provide a novel mouse model system for studying the poorly understood noncanonical functions of RAG1.
Portal Protein: The Orchestrator of Capsid Assembly for the dsDNA Tailed Bacteriophages and Herpesviruses

Tailed, double-stranded DNA bacteriophages provide a well-characterized model system for the study of viral assembly, especially for herpesviruses and adenoviruses. A wealth of genetic, structural, and biochemical work has allowed for the development of assembly models and an understanding of the DNA packaging process. The portal complex is an essential player in all aspects of bacteriophage and herpesvirus assembly. Despite having low sequence similarity, portal structures across bacteriophages share the portal fold and maintain a conserved function. Due to their dynamic role, portal proteins are surprisingly plastic, and their conformations change for each stage of assembly. Because the maturation process is dependent on the portal protein, researchers have been working to validate this protein as a potential antiviral drug target. Here we review recent work on the role of portal complexes in capsid assembly, including DNA packaging, as well as portal ring assembly and incorporation and analysis of portal structures.
Combination therapy with nusinersen and AVXS-101 in SMA type 1

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of spinal cord and brainstem motor neurons caused by homozygous deletions in the survival motor neuron ( SMN1 ) gene resulting in loss of SMN protein.1 Patients with SMA type 1 present before 6 months, never sit independently, and have an 8% survival rate at 20 months.2 The disease is modified by the homologous SMN2 gene copy number such that increasing copy numbers are associated with a milder phenotype.3
As Long as There’s Music: Spirituality in Charlie Haden’s Performance and Solo on “Irene”*

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to show how Charlie Haden’s solo improvisation on “Irene” is a manifestation of his spiritual beliefs. My interpretive analysis demonstrates that he took adva...
Detection of Parity Nonconservation in Λ Decay

The decay reaction LAMBDA yields p + pi /sup -/ was studied, and it is concluded that the degree of nonconservation of parity is very large and that charge conjugation invariance is also violated. (L.T.W.)
Logjam attenuation of annual sediment waves in eolian-fluvial environments, North Park, Colorado, USA

Abstract Sediment waves, a term that describes the fluvial transport of a discrete sediment influx, have been studied in regard to channel response to infrequent catastrophic events, such as mass movements or dam removal. However, few researchers have studied (1) the potential presence of sediment waves of annual or sub-annual scale in mixed eolian-fluvial geomorphic environments or (2) the role of large wood in sediment wave dispersal. This study addresses both topics through observations of North Sand Creek and East Sand Creek, which flow alongside the active sand dunes of North Sand Hills and East Sand Hills, respectively, in North Park, Colorado. The creeks experience similar seasonal, asynchronous cycles of eolian influx and fluvial transport, although North Sand Creek receives a greater volume of eolian sand. We use repeat photography and repeat measurement of ephemeral terraces to determine whether each creek experiences a sediment wave, and we use repeat measurement of logjam sand wedge volume to examine changes in sand storage associated with logjams over time. Results indicate that North Sand Creek experiences a highly translative sediment wave that is attenuated by logjams. East Sand Creek, on the other hand, does not experience a sediment wave.
Exciting Era of Sensor-Based Electronic Monitoring of Adherence in Pediatric Asthma

* Abbreviations: ED — : emergency department RCT — : randomized controlled trial Adherence to daily inhaled corticosteroids and short-acting β-agonist medications is an important yet complicated component of asthma management. Despite the importance of daily preventive medication, up to 70% of pediatric patients with asthma are nonadherent to their prescribed medical treatments,1–14 which often leads to increased illness exacerbations, health care use, and missed days of school.15,16 With recent advancements in technology such as Bluetooth sensors, sensor-based monitoring of these medications has become increasingly accessible and popular. Most often, these monitors are paired with a mobile health app that provides some combination of self-monitoring; feedback; education about health, asthma, medications and triggers; encouragement; and the potential to data share with the medical team. In this issue of Pediatrics , Gupta et al17 conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating Propeller Health’s sensor-based electronic monitoring system (Propeller Health, Madison, WI). Findings suggest that sensor-based inhaler monitoring with clinical feedback may improve asthma symptom control and caregiver quality of life within diverse populations. It should be noted, however, that although a statistically significant improvement in asthma symptom control was demonstrated, this change did not meet the threshold for a clinically meaningful difference.18 One interesting finding of this study is the increase in health care use in … Address correspondence to Theresa W. Guilbert, MD, MS, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 7041, Cincinnati, OH 45229. E-mail: theresa.guilbert{at}cchmc.org
Association Between Baseline Patient-Reported Outcomes and Complications of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

ABSTRACT Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a potentially curative therapy for hematologic malignancies, but it often results in significant toxicities and impaired quality of life (QOL). Although the value of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) is increasingly recognized in HCT, data are limited regarding the relationship between PROs and HCT complications. We conducted a secondary data analysis of 250 patients who were hospitalized for autologous or allogeneic HCT at Massachusetts General Hospital from 2011 through 2016. We assessed QOL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General), mood (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and fatigue (FACT-Fatigue) at baseline. We abstracted from the Electronic Health Record (1) hospitalization during the first 100 days after HCT, (2) days alive and out of the hospital in the first 100 days after HCT, and (3) cumulative incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) among allogeneic HCT recipients. We assessed the association of baseline PROs with HCT complications using multivariable models adjusting for patient and transplant characteristics. Overall, 44.4% (111/250) of patients underwent an autologous HCT, 25.2% (63/250) received a myeloablative allogeneic HCT, and 30.4% (76/250) underwent a reduced-intensity allogeneic HCT. In multivariable logistic regression, higher anxiety (odds ratio [OR] = 1.14, P = .004) was associated with higher likelihood of rehospitalization within 100 days after HCT. In multivariable Poisson regression, lower fatigue (β = 0.003, P = .015) was associated with increased days alive and out of the hospital in the first 100 days post-HCT. In multivariable logistic regression, lower baseline QOL (OR = 0.97, P = .034), higher fatigue (OR = 0.95, P = .004), and higher depression (OR = 1.15, P = .020) were associated with increased likelihood of acute GVHD. Baseline PROs are associated with health care utilization after HCT and risk of acute GVHD in allogeneic HCT recipients. These findings underscore the potential utility of pretransplantation PROs as important prognostic factors for HCT.
CD1-Restricted T Cells in Inflammatory Skin Diseases

Autoimmunity results from the breaking of immune tolerance, leading to inflammation and pathology. Although well studied in the conventional T-cell field, the role of nonconventional T cells in autoimmunity is less understood. CD1-restricted T cells recognize lipid antigens rather than peptide antigens and have been implicated in various autoimmune skin conditions, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. In this review, we will discuss the self-lipids that CD1-restricted T cells recognize and how these T cells become aberrantly regulated in pathogenic skin conditions.
Effect of nozzle geometry on the performance of pulsed-jet propulsion at low Reynolds number

Abstract A pulsed-jet propulsive system which includes a deformable body and a nozzle affixed to it is proposed and numerically examined. The impact of nozzle geometry on the performance of the system during a single discharge at low Reynolds number is studied. A force decomposition algorithm is employed to decouple the thrust into three parts: normal stress at exit, jet flux, and time derivative of internal fluid momentum. This approach enables the investigation of underlying physics in thrust generation. Since its jet flow features negative radial velocity, the system with converging nozzles is found to produce over-pressure (dominant component of the exit normal stress) on the nozzle exit, making positive contributions to thrust. The diverging nozzles, with reversed radial velocity, tend to induce negative pressure on the exit, which diminishes the thrust generation. On the other hand, the contribution from exit pressure only accounts for a relatively small portion of the thrust, which is found to be dominated by the jet flux momentum. As a result, with fixed stroke ratio and time history of deformation the overall thrust generated by the system is determined mostly by the exit size of the nozzle D ′ . Specifically, the time-averaged thrust F t ¯ is found to be proportional to 1 / D ′ 4 . The geometry of the nozzle also affects the efficiency. For example, the system without a nozzle turns out to be most efficient, followed by one with a short and divergent nozzle.
ENDOGENOUS TIMING AND STRATEGIC CHOICE: THE COURNOT‐BERTRAND MODEL

Cournot establishes a Nash equilibrium to a duopoly game under output competition; Bertrand finds a different Nash equilibrium under price competition. Both treat the strategic choice variable (output versus price) and the timing of play as exogenous. We investigate Cournot-Bertrand models where one firm competes in output and the other competes in price in both static and dynamic settings. We also develop a general model where both the timing of play and the strategic choice variables are endogenous. Consistent with the conduct of Honda and Scion, we show that Cournot-Bertrand behaviour can be a Nash equilibrium outcome.
Gelatin-induced Reversion of Protoplasts of Bacillus subtilis to the Bacillary Form: Biosynthesis of Macromolecules and Wall During Successive Steps

Protoplasts of Bacillus subtilis plated on SDG medium formed L colonies in quantative yield and propagated in the L-form indefinitely. Protoplasts or L bodies placed in 25% gelatin medium formed bacillary colonies. Details of the reversion of these naked bodies to the walled form are reported here. Protoplasts prepared in minimal medium reverted fairly synchronously 3 to 4 hr after inoculation into gelatin, but protoplasts preincubated in casein hydrolysate (CH)-enriched minimal medium were primed to revert within 1 hr in the gelatin. Preincubation for 1.5 hr in 0.44% CH was required for good priming. Cells must be subjected to this preincubation (step 1) in the naked state; it is effective for L bodies as well as protoplasts. Priming was blocked by chloramphenicol, puromycin, and actinomycin D but was not affected by penicillin, lysozyme, or inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis. It is concluded that protein and ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis are required during step 1, that DNA synthesis is not required, and that wall mucopeptide is not made. The reversion of well-primed protoplasts in the gelatin (step 2) proceeded undisturbed in thymine-starved cells with chromosomes arrested at the terminus. It was scarcely slowed by chloramphenicol in the gelatin but was delayed about 3 hr by both puromycin and actinomycin D. Escape from inhibition occurred while the inhibitors were still actively blocking growth. Penicillin and cycloserine inhibited and lysozyme reversed reversion. Momentary melting of the gelatin delayed reversion. It is concluded that mucopeptide synthesis occurs in step 2, that concomitant RNA, DNA, or protein synthesis is not essential, but that physical immobilization of excreted cell products at the protoplast surface is necessary early in step 2. Newly reverted cells were misshapen and osmotically sensitive. Processes which confer osmotic stability after reversion (step 3) did not occur in the presence of chloramphenicol or actinomycin D.
Cross-Organizational Data Quality and Semantic Integrity: Learning and Reasoning about Data Semantics with Context Interchange Mediation

We use a context interchange mediation approach for detecting and resolving data quality and semantic integrity conflicts in information exchanged across organizational boundaries. Context models draw on a domain ontology to explain how source and receiver data models implement general principles of the subject domain. Using the declarative knowledge from the domain ontology and context models, the mediator writes a query plan meeting receiver semantic requirements from autonomous, heterogeneous sources. Examples drawn from fixed income securities investments illustrate problems and solutions enabled by context interchange mediation.
The Balancing of Self-Preservation against Political Freedom

SOME THIRTY or forty citizens, pleading that authority is granted to them by the first amendment, have recently refused to submit to compulsory questioning by legislative committees concerning their political beliefs or associations. On that ground they have been "cited for contempt of Congress." Several of them have already been imprisoned. The cases of the others are still under adjudication, at various stages along the road toward final decision. In its consideration of the constitutional principles here involved, the Supreme Court handed down the Barenblatt opinion, rendered in June 1959.' It is the purpose of this paper to examine, with respect to its constitutionality, that opinion. As we do so, it will be necessary to refer in part to the closely related concurring opinion of Mr. Justice Frankfurter in the Dennis case.2 I
A primer on AIDS for health professionals.

(1988). A Primer on AIDS for Health Professionals. Health Education: Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 4-11.
Understanding freehand diagrams: combining appearance and context for multi-domain sketch recognition

As our interaction with computing shifts away from the traditional desktop model (e.g., towards smartphones, tablets, touch-enabled displays), the technology that drives this interaction needs to evolve as well. Wouldn't it be great if we could talk, write, and draw to a computer just like we do with each other? This thesis addresses the drawing aspect of that vision: enabling computers to understand the meaning and semantics of free-hand diagrams. We present a novel framework for sketch recognition that seamlessly combines a rich representation of local visual appearance with a probabilistic graphical model for capturing higher level relationships. This joint model makes our system less sensitive to noise and drawing variations, improving accuracy and robustness. The result is a recognizer that is better able to handle the wide range of drawing styles found in messy freehand sketches. To preserve the fluid process of sketching on paper, our interface allows users to draw diagrams just as they would on paper, using the same notations and conventions. For the isolated symbol recognition task our method exceeds state-of-the-art performance in three domains: handwritten digits, PowerPoint shapes, and electrical circuit symbols. For the complete diagram recognition task it was able to achieve excellent performance on both chemistry and circuit diagrams, improving on the best previous results. Furthermore, in an on-line study our new interface was on average over twice as fast as the existing CAD-based method for authoring chemical diagrams, even for novice users who had little or no experience using a tablet. This is one of the first direct comparisons that shows a sketch recognition interface significantly outperforming a professional industry-standard CAD-based tool. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Combustion of residual biosolids from a high solids anaerobic digestion/aerobic composting process

Abstract A humus consisting of aerobically stabilized anaerobic digester effluent was burned in two laboratory test facilities to evaluate possible problems in using the humus as fuel in boilers. An atmospheric circulating fluidized-bed combustor (FBC) was used to assess possible bed agglomeration when using alumina-silicate bed media. A multi-fuel capable entrained flow combustor (MFC) with electrically heated walls simulating a boiler was used with air-cooled tubular probes to evaluate potential ash deposition on heat exchangers. Low heating value of the humus led to poor temperature control in the FBC when burned alone. Tests of the humus blended 50% by weight with wood were also carried out in the FBC. No evidence of bed agglomeration was found in the FBC with either humus alone or blended with wood at temperatures up to 900°C; the maximum tested. Bed-drain rate was nearly equal to fuel-ash feed rate to maintain constant bed pressure drop due to the high sand fraction in the humus. Deposits collected on the probes in the MFC experiment were enriched in alkali-sulfate, as were the fine fractions of fly-ash samples. Deposition rates were not established due to particle-induced abrasion of deposits from the heavy sand fraction of the fuel, but at least moderate alkali-sulfate deposition can be anticipated if humus is burned in commercial units.
CS 736 project highlights from U. Wisconsin: how students spend their days and nights in a winter wonderland

Welcome! I found myself quite excited at this opportunity to wax poetic (i.e., drone on and on) about class projects here at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. Why, you ask? Or perhaps you have already stopped reading. For the simple reason that while one so often gets a chance to describe research (in papers, grants, talks, and late-night discussions with one's spouse), there are seemingly so few times where one can present pedagogical material.
Rule and Process: Thoughts on Ethnography as Communication:

L'A. veut proceder a certains etablissements de programmes pour des tâches specifiques et apporter un certain nombre d'observations concernant un evenement communicatif qui bien que crucial dans les ouvrages ethnographiques a recu jusqu'a present assez peu d'attention, le champ de l'interview. Les techniques d'interview indispensables dans les sciences sociales ont certes ete l'objet d'elaborations techniques considerables et d'examens critiques mais plutot comme instruments d'observation. L'A. veut ici comprendre, pour sa part, l'epistemologie de l'interview, les conditions de possibilite des echanges communicatifs.
Emergency physicians' risk attitudes in acute decompensated heart failure patients.

Objectives: Despite the existence of various clinical prediction rules, no data exist defining what frequency of death or serious nonfatal outcomes comprises a realistic “low-risk” group for clinicians. This exploratory study sought to identify emergency physicians’ (EPs) definition of low-risk acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) emergency department (ED) patients. Methods: Surveys were mailed to full-time physicians (n = 88) in a multihospital EP group in southwestern Pennsylvania between December 2004 and February 2005. Participation was voluntary, and each EP was asked to define low risk (low risk of all-cause 30-day death and low risk of either hospital death or other serious medical complications) and choose a risk threshold at which they might consider outpatient management for those with ADHF. A range of choices was offered (<0.5, <1, <2, <3, <4, and <5%), and demographic data were collected. Results: The response rate was 80%. Physicians defined low risk both for all-cause 30-day death and for hospital death or other serious complications, at <1% (38.8 and 40.3%, respectively). The decision threshold to consider outpatient therapy was <0.5% risk both for all-cause 30-day death (44.6%) and for hospital death or serious medical complications (44.4%). Conclusions: Emergency physicians in this exploratory study define low-risk ADHF patients as having less than a 1% risk of 30-day death or inpatient death or complications. They state a desire to have and use an ADHF clinical prediction rule that can identify low-risk ADHF patients who have less than a 0.5% risk of 30-day death or inpatient death or complications. ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:108–110 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Functional characterization of human Cd33+ And Cd11b+ myeloid-derived suppressor cell subsets induced from peripheral blood mononuclear cells co-cultured with a diverse set of human tumor cell lines

Background Tumor immune tolerance can derive from the recruitment of suppressor cell populations, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). In cancer patients, MDSC accumulation correlates with increased tumor burden, but the mechanisms of MDSC induction remain poorly understood.
A mirror for the mind of man, or will the chimpanzee create an identity crisis for Homo sapiens?

Assumptions of human uniqueness abound in many of the social and behavioral sciences. However, to the extent that many of these ideas about man can be operationalized, data exist which show that chimpanzees, and perhaps other great apes, are capable of functioning in strikingly hominoid ways. This literature is reviewed in light of evidence which suggests that common distinctions and imagined barriers between human and animal behavior may be inappropriate.
Ethical considerations of human investigation in developing countries: the AIDS dilemma.

As pressure mounts within the scientific community to find a vaccine and develop strategies for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, researchers are turning to developing ...
A protein-lipid model of the opiate receptor

Abstract The complexity of the opiate analgesia receptor is indicated by several lines of evidence which are reviewed in this paper: (1) heterogeneity of opiate-receptor interactions; (2) the effect of various enzymatic and chemical treatments of brain membranes on opiate binding; and (3) physico-chemical properties of detergent-extracted membrane components. Based on these findings, a model of the opiate-receptor is proposed which consists of both protein and lipid; the former contains a binding site for enkephalins, and the latter a site for alkaloids, with β-endorphin interacting with both sites. Some implications of this model are briefly discussed.
Early Viremia and Immune Responses in Vertical Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection

Thirty-three infants born to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive women were evaluated from birth using plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures, polymerase chain reaction, and serum p24 antigen assays. Five children were identified as infected. Evidence of infection was found in cord blood and subsequent samples from 2 infected children, suggesting in utero infection. Virologic studies on cord blood and early neonatal specimens from the 3 other infected children were negative but became positive by 8 weeks of age, suggesting either intrapartum transmission or sequestration of virus with subsequent detection. An increase in blood (plasma and PBMC) virus titers consistent with primary viremia was observed in 4 infants between 3 and 16 weeks of age. Blood virus titers subsequently declined in the absence of antiretroviral therapy and in the absence of activated HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses or broadly neutralizing antibodies. Confirmation of these results in larger studies may be helpful in the design of clinical trials to interrupt vertical transmission or to modify the course of infection.