cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distributed database query optimization technology based on semantic caching

With the application of large-scale database in the background,a distributed database accessing platform based on multi-agent is constructed,distributed semantic caching is studied.Lastly,our test on oil field producing database system shows the statistic query performance has been improved markedly.
Gendered and Sexual Violence in and beyond South Asia

Spectacular and quotidian gendered and sexualized violence in states and collectives of the (post)colony holds in place fraught, unjust histories and relations between elites and subalterns, majoritarian subjects and non-dominant ‘Others’. At the intersections of nationalist and decolonial confrontations, such violence regularizes states of emergency and exception. The following excerpts are curated from the co-edited and co-contributed monograph, Conflicted Democracies and Gendered Violence: The Right to Heal. The monograph elucidates the centrality of political and foundational violence in the governance of conflicted democracies in the (post)colony and calls attention to the urgent need for transformation. Through oral history, archival and legal research undertaken over three years, this interdisciplinary work espouses the right to heal. It underscores the need for immediate, transitional and transformative justice mechanisms in conflicted democracies to address protracted conflict (focusing on their ...
Intrarenal Venous Flow: A Window Into the Congestive Kidney Failure Phenotype of Heart Failure?

Although the importance of congestion in the disease progression of heart failure has long been recognized [(1)][1], much has focused on how cardiac impairment can lead to renal dysfunction. Over the past decade, there is increasing recognition that the ability of the kidneys to compensate for fluid
Corrosion of Alloy Haynes 230 in High Temperature Supercritical Carbon Dioxide with Oxygen Impurity Additions

The corrosion of Ni-based alloy Haynes 230 in supercritical carbon dioxide at temperatures of 650 and 750 °C at a pressure of 20 MPa was investigated. In high-purity research grade CO2, the corrosion performance of the alloy was excellent with a thin, uniform, protective chromium-rich oxide layer forming on the surface. Introduction of 10 and 100 ppm O2 impurity in the CO2 environment noticeably enhanced oxidation with evidence of oxide spallation and nodule formation. In these oxygen impurity added tests, increased oxidation led to subsurface voids due to the more rapid outward diffusion of chromium as well as intergranular alumina and chromia. The oxygen concentration at the inlet and the outlet of the autoclave was measured and used to support the results of characterization of the surface oxide to develop a more holistic understanding of the role of oxygen impurity on the corrosion process. In all cases, there some carbon was observed, which manifested as slightly higher concentration of chromium–carbide phase at the grain boundaries compared to the unexposed alloy.
POWER-remote: A randomized study evaluating the effect of a remote-based weight loss program on biomarkers in women with early-stage breast cancer.

TPS9657 Background: The majority of women diagnosed with breast cancer are overweight or obese, and gain weight with treatment, leading to inferior survival outcomes. The Practice-based Opportuniti...
60. The Role of GABA in the Neurobiology of Schizophrenia: A Preclinical, Clinical, and Neuropathology Update

Overall Abstract: Animal models of psychosis indicate a new focus on altered GABAergic neurotransmission as the source of subcortical dopamine dysfunction in schizophrenia. While neuroimaging research allows testing the relevance of these models in humans, the extent to which GABAergic neurotransmission is altered in patients with psychosis and people at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) is less clear. This symposium will address this issue by integrating findings from state-of-the-art preclinical research, neuropathology studies in schizophrenia, and human neuroimaging studies before and after the development of psychosis. Tony Grace (Pittsburgh) will describe preclinical evidence for a central role of prefrontal and hippocampal GABA interneuron dysfunction in the neurobiological cascade driving subcortical dopamine dysfunction and will show new data on the prevention of schizophrenia-like GABA cell loss by pharmacologically intervening on the GABAergic system. Francine Benes (Harvard) will report new neuropathological data on reduced hippocampal GABA interneurons in schizophrenia, which allow for a detailed understanding of corticolimbic GABAergic changes in the disorder and show specificity with regard to other psychotic disorders. Hilleke Hulshoff Pol (Netherlands) will present new findings on reduced prefrontal GABAergic function in patients with schizophrenia through magnetic resonance spectroscopy research, and its relationship with cognitive functioning. Finally, these data will be complemented by novel multimodal imaging evidence of alterations in prefrontal GABA levels and their relationship to hippocampal perfusion in CHR subjects, presented by Gemma Modinos (London). Philip McGuire, who leads one of the world’s largest groups working with neuroimaging in psychosis and high-risk groups, will integrate this set of complementary findings from different disciplines.
A Small-Molecule Inhibitor of WEE1, AZD1775, Synergizes with Olaparib by Impairing Homologous Recombination and Enhancing DNA Damage and Apoptosis in Acute Leukemia

Although some patients with acute leukemia have good prognoses, the prognosis of adult and pediatric patients who relapse or cannot tolerate standard chemotherapy is poor. Inhibition of WEE1 with AZD1775 has been shown to sensitize cancer cells to genotoxic chemotherapies, including cytarabine in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and T-ALL. Inhibition of WEE1 impairs homologous recombination by indirectly inhibiting BRCA2. Thus, we sought to determine whether AZD1775 could sensitize cells to the PARP1/2 inhibitor olaparib. We found that combined treatment with AZD1775 and olaparib was synergistic in AML and ALL cells, and this combination impaired proliferative capacity upon drug withdrawal. AZD1775 impaired homologous recombination in olaparib-treated cells, resulting in enhanced DNA damage accumulation and apoptosis induction. This combination enhanced disease control and increased survival in a murine AML model. Furthermore, we demonstrated that combined treatment with AZD1775 and olaparib reduces proliferation and colony formation and increases apoptosis in AML patient samples. In aggregate, these studies raise the possibility of rational combinations of targeted agents for leukemia in patients for whom conventional chemotherapeutics may not be effective or well tolerated. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(10); 2058–68. ©2017 AACR.
Confidence Maintenance and Performance as a Function of Chronic Self-Esteem and Initial Task Experience

An investigation of the effects of differences in chronic self-esteem and initial success or failure experiences on confidence rating changes and performance was conducted. High and low self-esteem Ss were required to solve 5 easy anagrams (success condition) or 5 very difficult anagrams (failure condition) before attempting to solve 15 common anagrams of moderate difficulty. The major results indicated that high self-esteem Ss had a higher number of trials with no expectancy change than low self-esteem Ss following initial failure, while low self-esteem Ss had had more of these nonreaction cases than Ss with high self-esteem following initial success.
Post-learning arousal enhances veridical memory and reduces false memory in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm examines false memory by introducing words associated with a non-presented 'critical lure' as memoranda, which typically causes the lures to be remembered as frequently as studied words. Our prior work has shown enhanced veridical memory and reduced misinformation effects when arousal is induced after learning (i.e., during memory consolidation). These effects have not been examined in the DRM task, or with signal detection analysis, which can elucidate the mechanisms underlying memory alterations. Thus, 130 subjects studied and then immediately recalled six DRM lists, one after another, and then watched a 3-min arousing (n=61) or neutral (n=69) video. Recognition tested 70min later showed that arousal induced after learning led to better delayed discrimination of studied words from (a) critical lures, and (b) other non-presented 'weak associates.' Furthermore, arousal reduced liberal response bias (i.e., the tendency toward accepting dubious information) for studied words relative to all foils, including critical lures and 'weak associates.' Thus, arousal induced after learning effectively increased the distinction between signal and noise by enhancing access to verbatim information and reducing endorsement of dubious information. These findings provide important insights into the cognitive mechanisms by which arousal modulates early memory consolidation processes.
IMPROVEMENT OF POWER SYSTEM QUALITY USING VSC-BASED HVDC TRANSMISSION

The HVDC technology can be represented by the combination of a Direct Current (DC) circuit with two power electronics converters, each one at a link terminal, for AC/DC and DC/AC conversion The principal characteristic of VSC-HVDC transmission is its ability to independently control the reactive and real power flow at each of the AC systems via the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). The active and reactive power is related to the power angle and the magnitude of voltage in the reference -frame selected such that the quadrature component will result in the ratio between the maximum fundamental peak phase voltage and the DC total voltage http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i3.31
Effect of Vascular Injury on Functional Outcome in Knees with Multi-Ligament Injury: A Matched-Cohort Analysis

Background:Multi-ligament knee injury (MLKI) associated with knee dislocation can result in vascular injury. The purpose of this study was to compare knee function after MLKI between patients with a vascular injury requiring popliteal artery bypass grafting and patients without vascular involvement.
Active Fluidic Cooling on Energy Constrained System-on-Chip Systems

This paper presents design, experimental characterization, and feasibility analysis of integrated in-package fluidic cooling for mobile systems-on-chips (SoCs). A pin fin interposer for fluidic cooling is designed and integrated with a commercial SoC. The demonstrated system integrates an active low-power piezoelectric pump controlled by the SoC itself and a metal/acrylic-based board-scale heat spreader and exchanger. Different software-based policies in the SoC for controlling the fluid flow based on SoC’s temperature and performance are implemented and compared. The measurement results demonstrate that the in-package fluidic cooling improves the SoC’s energy efficiency and reduces design footprint compared to external passive cooling.
Value iteration based approximate dynamic programming for mobile robot trajectory tracking with persistent inputs

This paper presents a value iteration based approximate dynamic programming technique to solve the trajectory tracking problem of unicycle like wheeled mobile robots. Given a reference trajectory (2D), an error model is derived to form a nonlinear affine system. The robot is supposed to track the reference trajectory asymptotically. The solution of the error model is used to define the value function (cost-to-go function), which is a measure of the robot's tracking error and the cost of applying its actuator inputs (in this case, linear and angular velocities of the robot). A critic neural network approximates the value function to determine the optimal control inputs that are applied to the robot's actuators. A set of computer simulations is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed approximate dynamic programming method. The robot's trajectory tracking performance using the proposed method is also compared with that of the conventional approximate linearization technique in order to show the superiority of the value iteration based approximate dynamic programming.
Life after per-oral endoscopic myotomy: long-term outcomes of quality of life and their association with Eckardt scores

Background and Aims The clinical efficacy of per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has been commonly established by reduction in the Eckardt score ( Methods Single-center, prospective, cohort study of consecutive POEMs during a 3-year period. Eckardt and HRQOL scores as measured by the short-form survey questionnaire (SF-36) were obtained at baseline and at various intervals after POEM. Comparison of the mean scores was described by using univariate linear regression. The association between Eckardt scores and HRQOL were calculated by using a linear, mixed-model analysis. Results POEM was performed in 143 consecutive patients (54% male; mean ± standard deviation [SD] age, 56.9 ± 17.9 years). At long-term follow-up (mean 16.4 months, range 12-40), both the HRQOL baseline mental and physical component scores improved significantly from 61.5 ± 2.2 to 71.2 ± 3.6; ( P P = P Conclusion POEM improved all dimensions of HRQOL as measured by the SF-36 survey at both short-term and long-term follow-up. A strong association was seen between Eckardt scores and all HRQOL domains. Further studies with the use of disease-specific HRQOL instruments are warranted. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT01832779.)
Post-Depositional Processes in High-Sensitivity, Fine-Grained, Collapsible Sediments

Post-depositional processes may aggravate or alleviate collapse problems in sediments of marine, fresh-water and volcanic ash origin, through increasing or decreasing the sensitivity. The consequences of collapse are usually more serious in materials with high sensitivity. Development of high sensitivity is normally a post-depositional process and arises from: a) decrease of the remoulded strength — in marine sediments by salt removal, and in freshwater sediments by dispersing agent addition or production; and b) increase of the undisturbed strength — in any sediment if cementation occurs, and in volcanic ash sediments through diagenetic processes which produce swelling clay minerals and/or oxide minerals and/or agents which increase particle interaction in disturbed material.
Understanding the Use of Light to Control the Circadian Pacemaker in Humans

Bright light can make large changes in the amplitude of circadian rhythms as well as shift their phase. When amplitude is much reduced, the phase shifting ability of light is greatly enhanced, in a manner which is most readily comprehended by means of vector diagrams. To obtain large phase shifts, light is used most effectively when the stimulus reduces amplitude at the beginning of the stimulus episode. Stimulus strategies which embody strong (Type 0) resetting can be very powerful, but to work they require careful adherence to a regimen of extended light exposures. A complete inversion of rhythm phase (a 12 hour phase shift) is possible with 10,000 lux episodes of 8 hours duration or of 6 hours duration on two successive days. Briefer exposures producing a succession of small shifts (cumulative type 1) can achieve the same result but may require several more days.
Immunoglobulin heavy chain genes of rabbit

Publisher Summary The basic organization and structure of genes are similar among the certain species such as mice, chicken, humans, and rabbits. Although each species has its unique characteristics, rabbit immunoglobulins (Ig) are unique because they have allotypic specificities not only in the constant (C) regions but also in the variable (V) regions of the heavy chains. This chapter summarizes the organization and expression of VH and CH genes and identifies the intriguing problems associated with it. The presence of genetic markers in both the VH and CH regions of rabbit heavy chains allowed immunologists to examine the contribution that VH and CH genes make to the synthesis of individual heavy chains. In the model of Knight and Crane, the somatically diversified B-cells are maintained by self-renewing and no B lymphopoiesis occurs in adult rabbits.
Correction to: Stability of the Euler resting N-body relative equilibria

Due to an error in a supporting algorithm used in writing the paper there was an incorrect conclusion given which is corrected here.
The Evolution of Educational Leadership Preparation Programmes.

This article offers a review of extant literature specific to educational leadership preparation programmes. The author explains how leadership development and preparation programmes have evolved o...
Protein energy wasting in hemodialysis patients

Protein energy wasting (PEW) is a state of decreased body stores of protein and energy fuels, and is associated with diminished functional capacity, impaired quality of life, and increased morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD ([1][1]). The prevalence of PEW ranges from 30% to 70% among
Happiness, Loneliness, and Social Media: Perceived Intimacy Mediates the Emotional Benefits of Platform Use

The purpose of this study is to explore the how user perceptions of social media might influence effects on psychological well-being. Social Presence Theory was used to examine Snapchat, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and texting. Undergraduate students ( N = 352) were given a survey to assess how frequently they use social media, how intimate they think each platform is, and how lonely and happy they are. Perceived intimacy was found to mediate the ameliorating effects of social media use on loneliness and happiness. Frequency of social media use initially predicted decreased loneliness and increased happiness, but once perceived intimacy was factored in, it was a more significant predictor than frequency of use. The more one uses social media, the more he or she thinks they are a good way to connect with others (perceived intimacy), and the more one is likely to be happy and feel connected with others. Results and implications are discussed.
Donor-Derived Factors Influence NK Cell Effector Activity in a Model of Antibody-Mediated Chronic Rejection

Purpose Natural killer (NK) cells are key components of the innate immune system that contribute to acute and chronic allograft rejection. Previous studies have shown that donor-specific antibodies (DSA) in concert with NK cells can be sufficient to inflict chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV) in an Fc dependent manner. However, it has been observed clinically that detectable DSA does not always correlate with demonstrable injury. The modern understanding of NK cell triggering suggests that the transition from quiescence to activation is mediated by a network of activating and inhibitory receptors; it is the integration of the sum of these signals that determines the final NK cell response. Our study aimed to investigate if donor-derived factors can alter the balance of the NK cell effector response. Methods We utilized a murine model of cardiac transplant with C3H/HeJ (C3H, H-2k), BALB/cByJ (BALB/c, H-2d), or C3HxBALB/c F1 (F1) generation donors engrafted into C57Bl/6.rag-/- (B6.rag) recipients. Recipients had no functional T or B cells, but an intact innate immune system. Experimental animals received monoclonal IgG2a Class I DSA (anti-H2k or anti-H2d). Allografts were subsequently recovered and examined after 60 days for the presence of CAV (defined by calculation of the neointimal index). Results Initial studies verified that NK cells alone could not cause significant vascular injury. When C3H mice were used as donors (n=7), administration of Class I DSA resulted in marked neointimal changes consistent with CAV. However, when BALB/c mice were used as donors (n=6), administration of Class I DSA did not result in development of CAV, despite the fact that this donor strain also represented a fully allogeneic mismatch from the recipient. When F1 mice were utilized as donors (allografts expressed both H-2k and H-2d MHC molecules), neither administration of anti-H2k (n=7) nor anti-H2d (n=6) Class I DSA resulted in development of CAV. Conclusion Donor strain determines if the activating signal provided to NK cells by binding to Class I DSA, coupled with the lack of inhibition from “missing self,” is sufficient to result in NK cell triggering with initial results suggesting that certain donor / recipient MHC combinations demonstrate a permissive phenotype towards NK cell quiescence.
Stochastic life-cycle analysis: renewal-theory life-cycle analysis with state-dependent deterioration stochastic models

For the life-cycle analysis (LCA) of deteriorating engineering systems, it is critical to model and incorporate the various deterioration processes and associated uncertainties. This paper proposes...
Longitudinal effects of cigarette smoking and smoking cessation on aortic wave reflections, pulse wave velocity, and carotid artery distensibility.

Background We evaluated the effects of smoking and smoking cessation on aortic wave reflections (augmentation index), aortic pulse wave velocity, and carotid artery distensibility and stiffness (di...
Athletic Trainers' Perceptions of Advanced Clinical Practice: Defining Advanced Clinical Practice in Athletic Training.

Context Advanced clinical practice is inherent in contemporary athletic training education, such as residency programs and Doctor of Athletic Training programs; however, as a concept, advanced clin...
Current advances in in vitro models of central nervous system trauma

CNS trauma is a prominent cause of mortality and morbidity, and although much effort has focused on developing treatments for CNS trauma-related pathologies, little progress has been made. Pre-clinical models of TBI and SCI suffer from significant drawbacks, which result in substantial failures during clinical translation of promising pre-clinical therapies. Here, we review recent advances made in the development of in vitro models of CNS trauma, the promises and drawbacks of current in vitro CNS injury models, and the attributes necessary for future models to accurately mimic the trauma microenvironment and facilitate CNS trauma drug discovery. The goal is to provide insight for the development of future CNS injury models and to aid researchers in selecting effective models for pre-clinical research of trauma therapeutics.
Indirect effect of sleep on abdominal pain through daytime dysfunction in adults with irritable bowel syndrome.

Study Objectives:Sleep deficiency, psychological distress, daytime dysfunction, and abdominal pain are common in adults with irritable bowel syndrome. Prior research on individuals with chronic pai...
A unified kinematics modeling, optimization and control of universal robots: from serial and parallel manipulators to walking, rolling and hybrid robots

The paper develops a unified kinematics modeling, optimization and control that is applicable to a wide range of autonomous and non-autonomous robots. These include hybrid robots that combine two or more modes of operations, such as combination of walking and rolling, or rolling and manipulation, as well as parallel robots in various configurations. The equations of motion are derived in compact forms that embed an optimization criterion. These equations are used to obtain various useful forms of the robot kinematics such as recursive, body and limb-end kinematic forms. Using the modeling, actuation and control equations are derived that ensure traversing a desired path while maintaining balanced operations and tip-over avoidance. Various simulation results are provided for a hybrid rolling-walking robot, which demonstrate the capabilities and effectiveness of the developed methodologies.
Predictors of conduction recovery after permanent pacemaker implantation following transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Conduction disturbances after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) requiring pacemaker (PPM) implantation are a known complication and may be reversible. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the incidence and predictors for atrioventricular (AV) conduction recovery after TAVR. A single-center, retrospective study of patients undergoing PPM implantation for conduction disorders after TAVR between June 2011 and March 2019. Conduction recovery was defined as ≤ 1% ventricular pacing (VP) on follow-up PPM interrogation. A total of 110 patients (mean age 83.6 ± 6.6 years, 46.8% female) were included. At a median follow-up of 438 days (interquartile range [IQR] 111–760 days), 35 patients (32%) had conduction recovery, with 50% of these occurring within the first 6 months. On multivariate analysis, predictors of conduction recovery include female sex (hazard ratio [HR] 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–6.4, p = 0.048), non-VP/non-complete heart block rhythm immediately post-TAVR (HR 5.2, 95% CI 1.5–18.1, p = 0.011), normal sinus rhythm 7 days post-TAVR (HR 3.9, 95% CI 1.7–9.2, p = 0.002), and smaller valve size (mm) (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.7–0.996, p = 0.045). Significant narrowing of the QRS and resolution of new-onset left bundle branch block within 1 month post-TAVR occurred in those with conduction recovery on PPM interrogation. One-third of patients receiving new PPM implantation have conduction recovery after TAVR, with 50% occurring within the first 6 months. Patient gender, valve size, and rhythm on serial ECGs after TAVR can help identify patients that may recover AV conduction. A conservative approach rather than immediate PPM implantation may be considered in these patients.
Software-Defined Ultrasonic Communication System Based on Time-reversal Signal Processing

Ultrasonic communication through solid channels suffers from channel dispersion, attenuation, and multipath effect. For example, in elbow shape pipes or complex structures, the elastic waves are reflected and reverberated in multipath resulting in a major dispersion of the signals. In solid channels such as flat bar, multipath propagation is the main reason for bit-wavelet spreading and intersymbol interference (ISI). The conventional modulation method like OOK (on-off-keying) or PSK (phase-shift-keying) fails to provide a useful Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). Time-reversal (TR) signal processing method is a promising technique that can compress the spreading of the bit-wavelet and strengthen the peak signal energy on the receiver. In this study, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using ABAQUS software tools is used to characterize the bit-wavelet spreading effect caused by dispersive communication channels. Also, this study presents the impact of TR ultrasonic communication as a function of excitation pulse width, channel length, and carrier frequency through a flat-bar channel. A Software-Defined System-on-Chip (SD-SoC) platform is examined as a viable solution for the low-complexity and energy-efficient ultrasonic communication system. The proposed TR based SD-SoC ultrasonic communication system can make full use of signal dispersion for peak performance by minimizing the ISI within a dispersive and reverberant metal channel.
Comment on “Single-Crystal X-ray Structure of 1,3-Dimethylcyclobutadiene by Confinement in a Crystalline Matrix”

Legrand et al . (Reports, 16 July 2010, p. 299) reported the experimental observation of square-planar and rectangular-bent geometries of 1,3-dimethylcyclobutadiene (Me2CBD) confined within a crystalline matrix. However, we found no evidence for the Me2CBD formation. We argue that the experimental x-ray density data are better attributed to the bicyclic β-lactone intermediate where carbon dioxide is covalently bound to cyclobutadiene.
Evaluation of PCR Cycle Threshold Values by Patient Population with the Quidel Lyra SARS-CoV-2 Assay

The Lyra SARS-CoV-2 assay was the primary method for molecular testing performed at Barnes-Jewish Healthcare System in St. Louis, Missouri during the initial COVID-19 surge from mid-March to late-April 2020. We performed a retrospective analysis of 1,043 positive Lyra SARS-CoV-2 results during these 36 days to investigate associations between cycle threshold (CT) value and patient characteristics. Total RNA were extracted from NP or OP swabs using either the EasyMag or KingFisher automated extraction systems and quantified with RotorGene Q (Qiagen) or Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast Dx thermocyclers respectively. Notably, we found lower a significant median lower CT for samples tested on the KingFisher-ABI 7500 fastDX (KF/ABI) system compared to the EasyMag/RotorGene (EM/RGQ) platform. Since 77.5% of our tests were ran on the EM/RGQ pipeline we then perform additional analysis on these values and found that C T values in outpatient care settings compared to samples obtained in the emergency department or inpatient had significantly lower C T values. These collective findings suggests a difference in viral load amongst various patient populations.
Total Investment, Capital, and Economic Growth

The purpose of this paper is to summarise the author’s researches into total investment and capital in relation to the growth of real national product and productivity, with particular reference to the economy of the United States of America; and to discuss some of the implications of the empirical findings of the studies.
Engendered Lives: A New Psychology Of Women's Experience

Making meaning gender embodied Oedipus and Antigone revisited - the family drama identity embodied relationships - his and hers limits and boundaries self and esteem order out of disorder - disorderly conduct eating a new model for feminist psychotherapy.
Cell mediated immunity in AKR mice treated with lentinan, a fungal polysaccharide

A number of recent reports from the National Cancer Center Research Institute in Tokyo have indicated that a polysaccharide extracted from Lentinus edodes possesses marked antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 [1, 2, 3, 4]. In the doses tested, the purified extract from this edible mushroom was not toxic [2]. It was not cytocidal in tumor-cell cultures [2] but exhibited marked antitumor activity in vivo when administered in 10 daily doses of 1 mg/kg [2, 3, 4]. The antitumor effect occurred whether the series of lentinan injections was completed prior to tumor inoculation or started on the day after tumor inoculation. Its antitumor effect was largely abolished when tested in neonatally thymectomized hosts [3] or when lentinan was administered in conjunction with antilymphocyte serum [4]. CHIHARA, MAEDA and their colleagues in Japan have proposed that lentinan is a potent nonspecific stimulant of cell-mediated immunity.
International Business-Related Perceptions and Preferences of Future Global Managers: An Empirical Evaluation and Implications for Teaching International Business

Abstract The present study evaluates international business students' perceptions of international business positions and explores a number of issues related to their preferences on different aspects of potential future job assignments. In the process, the study, conducted using a sample of 465 graduate students pursuing an international business degree at a top-ranked international master's program in the United States, compares respondents from eight regions worldwide on their responses in these categories. The study also offers insights into the observed differences, as well as suggestions for teaching international business in line with the students' noted interests and concerns.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF PLASMOLYSIS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI.

Cota-Robles, Eugene H. (University of California, Riverside). Electron microscopy of plasmolysis in Escherichia coli . J. Bacteriol. 85: 499–503. 1963.— Escherichia coli cells plasmolyzed in 0.35 m sucrose reveal plasmolysis at one tip of a cell or in the center of dividing cells in which protoplast partition has been complete. Central plasmolysis reveals that protoplast separation can be completed before the invagination of the cell wall is complete. These studies support the concept that these cells divide by constriction. The strength of the union between cell wall and cytoplasm is not uniform around the entire cell. It is strongest along the sides of these rod-shaped cells and weakest at one tip of the single cell. Thus, a single cell generally forms one cup-shaped vacuole in which the cytoplasm has collapsed away from one tip of the cell. Images
Welfare and Family Stability Do Benefits Affect When Children Leave the Nest

The welfare system has long been criticized for its incentives against marriage. This paper examines one way in which welfare actually may keep families together: the fact that benefits increase with family size may encourage teenagers to stay in welfare-recipient households. Welfare benefit incentives affecting coresidence are twofold: (1) a parent loses benefits if a child leaves the household and (2) a child may receive additional benefits if s/he leaves the parental household. At a theoretical level, these incentives are shown to have an ambiguous effect on the coresidence decision. Empirically, Ifind that children are more likely to leave their parents the smaller the benefit loss that the parent suffers. This result illustrates a potential side-effect of welfare time limits, which effectively make children less "valuable" to welfare parents who reach the time limit. When children no longer increase the benefits available to lowincome parents, more children may leave the parental household before age 18. Welfare's effects on living arrangements are estimated to be considerably stronger than most previously estimated effects on childbearing or female headship.
Beyond the Conceptualization of Terrorism: A Psychological-Structural Model of the Causes of this Activity

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Gulf War, election of Nelson Mandela, fall of the Berlin Wall, and the signing of the: Israeli/Palestinian peace accords, many observers and analysts have argued that oppositional political terrorism is either a thing of the past, or that it will take new forms and actually increase. The relatively recent Oklahoma City bombing, sarin gas incident in the Tokyo subway, and attacks by Hamas in Israel have predictably renewed interest in terrorism among a variety of constituencies. After a careful review of the literature it appears that the field of research on terrorism is dominated by the overabundance of discussions on proper definitions, conceptualizations, descriptions, and the lack of causal studies on terrorism. Nevertheless, the most prominent causes cited in the causal explanations fall into three categories: structural, psychological, and rational choice.The purpose of this chapter is to construct a model that integrates structural and psychological causes of terrorism to help researchers test the relative importance of previously identified factors and their interactions that determine the scope, intensity, and amount of terrorism. Such a model would help analysts better understand the individuals and groups involved in this form of political behavior and crime and why they engage in terrorism. It might also aid policymakers to develop more informed counter-terrorist responses. By extension, this should help minimize needless injuries, deaths, and property destruction.
Pipelined interconnect free logic

The pipelined interconnect free (PIF) logic is a novel design paradigm shift that has the potential of eliminating several problems that are currently constraining the digital design community. Since interconnects, and not gates have become the bottleneck in deep sub-micron technology, it makes sense to find an alternative to todays interconnects. We propose to replace interconnects of non-adjacent gate cells with chains of gates. However, the new type of design is more than a mere replacement of interconnects with gates. As demonstrated with a PIF logic based 64 bit adder example, the new design becomes a well-structured design with predictable delays. In contrast, in a conventional design, lack of accurate interconnect delay values force more pessimistic constraints to be applied to the design.
Small land snails from Northern Australia, I: Species of Gyliotrachela Tomlin, 1930 (Mollusca: Pulmonata, Vertiginidae)

Summary The small vertiginid land snail from Chillagoe Caves, Northern Queensland, Gyliotrachela australis (Odhner, 1917), is redescribed and refigured. Three new species, G. catherina from near Katherine, Northern Territory, G. ningbingia from the Ningbing Ranges north of Kununurra, Western Australia, and G. napierana from the Napier Range east of Derby, Western Australia, are described. The pattern of conchological variation in Gyliotrachela is discussed and the new taxa compared with extralimital forms.
Dynamic capacity modeling [IC manufacture]

Semiconductor fabricators often experience large part number variations and short product lives which can lead to capacity shortfalls. Fluctuation in part number mix can lead to multiple pinch points in the production process. In order to contain wafer starts, new process qualification must be quickly implemented. However, this may introduce "risk" into the line work in process (WIP). In addition, any production pinch points will hamper the fabricator's ability to maintain adequate line cycle time. This paper demonstrates a methodology that can be used to relate part number variation in the fabricator to the available tool capacity in various process sectors. This methodology allows for real time analysis, and is primarily intended for proactive management of capacity-constrained production sectors.
The impact of meridonal wind shear on baroclinic life cycle

In this study, initial-value calculations are performed with a primitive equation model to examine whether the stabilizing effect of the horizontal zonal wind shear in the background state can account for the observed variability in baroclinic life cycles. The life cycle calculations show that a greater maximum eddy energy is attained for the observed basic state with anomalously weak horizontal zonal wind shear, suggesting that the horizontal zonal wind shear indeed plays the dominant role in determining the eddy amplitude. In addition, under this weak shear, the life cycle produces a more pronounced poleward jet shift. Because model simulations of warmer climates tend to show both a poleward jet shift and more intense zonally localized tropical convection which tends to produce the weak shear state, the result of this study provides a mechanism whereby the strengthening of tropical convection can contribute toward the poleward jet shift in warm climates.
Visualizing Immune System Complexity

The European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) meeting "Visualizing Immune System Complexity," held in January 2009, covered multiple scales, from imaging single molecules to imaging whole animals. In addition to experimental details, there was an emphasis on modeling both for data analysis and as a predictive tool to support experimental design. Imaging technologies discussed included total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, two-photon laser scanning microscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging. The biological systems included basic aspects of adaptive and innate immunity. The type 1 diabetes model was used to illustrate how a human disease was dissected at all the scales, from single-molecule analysis of the interactions of T cell receptors with peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complexes to dynamics of immune cell infiltrates by intravital microscopy, as well as the application of imaging diagnostics in humans.
Scenarios and policy aggregation in optimization under uncertainty

A common approach in coping with multiperiod optimization problems under uncertainty where statistical information is not really enough to support a stochastic programming model, has been to set up and analyze a number of scenarios. The aim then is to identify trends and essential features on which a robust decision policy can be based. This paper develops for the first time a rigorous algorithmic procedure for determining such a policy in response to any weighting of the scenarios. The scenarios are bundled at various levels to reflect the availability of information, and iterative adjustments are made to the decision policy to adapt to this structure and remove the dependence on hindsight.
Pharmacological agents that improve botulinum toxin efficacy in the treatment of spasmodic dysphonia

Summary Botulinum toxin (botox) injection into the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle is currently the most favored treatment for spasmodic dysphonia. However, results are often inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to identify a fast-acting neuromuscular blocking agent that could mimic botox effects to screen patients for therapy while still in the clinic. If the agent was noninteractive, it could also be injected coincidentally with botox and the resulting changes in voice used to predict the delayed effects due to botox. Evoked electromyography responses were recorded from the TA muscle in animal experiments to determine the time course for neuromuscular depression by botox and three fast-acting blocking agents: lidocaine, tubocurarine, and succinylcholine. Tubocurarine and succinylcholine proved to be suitable screening or predictor agents of botox efficacy, since they were reversible and mimicked botox action. In contrast, lidocaine produced irreversible effects.
In vivo fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window with long circulating carbon nanotubes capable of ultrahigh tumor uptake.

Cancer imaging requires selective high accumulation of contrast agents in the tumor region and correspondingly low uptake in healthy tissues. Here, by making use of a novel synthetic polymer to solubilize single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), we prepared a well-functionalized SWNT formulation with long blood circulation (half-life of ∼30 h) in vivo to achieve ultrahigh accumulation of ∼30% injected dose (ID)/g in 4T1 murine breast tumors in Balb/c mice. Functionalization dependent blood circulation and tumor uptake were investigated through comparisons with phospholipid-PEG solubilized SWNTs. For the first time, we performed video-rate imaging of tumors based on the intrinsic fluorescence of SWNTs in the second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1.1–1.4 μm) window. We carried out dynamic contrast imaging through principal component analysis (PCA) to immediately pinpoint the tumor within ∼20 s after injection. Imaging over time revealed increasing tumor contrast up to 72 h after injection, allowing for its unambiguo...
Atomic Fluorescence Yields

The mechanisms of the reorganization of atoms with inner shell vacancies are reviewed. All available experimental values of $K$-, $L$-, and $M$-shell fluorescence yields, together with $L$-shell Coster-Kronig yields are summarized and compared with available theoretical calculations. Rather good agreement exists in general between theory and experiment for the $K$ shell, but experimental values of the ${L}_{2}$ and ${L}_{3}$ subshell fluorescence yields disagree substantially with the semitheoretical results of Listengarten. Related phenomena in $\ensuremath{\mu}$-mesic atoms are included. Experimental methods of measurement are summarized and discussed, together with suggestions for future studies with high resolution techniques. Results from the literature have been included up to 10 May 1966.
Angular correlations in the reaction C12(p, p′γ)C12∗ at 40 MeV

Abstract The inelastic proton-gamma angular correlation has been studied for the reaction C 12 (p, p′γ)C 12∗ (4.43 MeV) at E p = 39.3 MeV. Data were taken in the scattering plane and for the azimuthal correlation. The general features of the data are well described by the DWBA analysis of Levinson and Banerjee. The results are sensitive to the coupling scheme assumed for the C 12 wave functions. Reliable conclusions cannot be given at this rime, however, since the Levinson and Banerjee DWBA calculation neglected the spin dependence of the two-body interaction.
Important Aspects of the Evidence for TCDD Carcinogenicity in Man

Most of the evidence for the carcinogenicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in humans has centered on whether TCDD causes soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) and malignant lymphomas (ML). Recently, reports from two of the largest occupational cohort studies have become available. A critical reappraisal of these and other recent reports indicates that it is unlikely that TCDD causes malignant lymphomas in humans. For STS, the evidence for an etiologic role for TCDD is not convincing. However, more data and further clarification are needed before a clear and objective evaluation can be made. Factors such as level of exposure, sex, and host susceptibility may be critical determinants of whether cancer occurs; there is evidence from both humans and animals that these factors play a role, and therefore these factors should be considered in future evaluations. There is a serious need to rule out the possibility that observed effects are due to other concomitant exposures. Consideration of the carcinogenic effects of TCDD in animals reveals consistency with the human data and points to other cancers such as those of the thyroid gland and lung, for example, which are more likely candidates for investigating the role of TCDD in their occurrence, while at the same time providing a basis for a better understanding and interpretation of the human data. There are now sufficient epidemiologic studies in place that will provide a better climate for a definitive evaluation in the near future.
On self-forgiveness and moral self-representation

L'A. repond a l'article de N. E. Snow intitule «Self-forgiveness» («The Journal of Value Inquiry», 27, pp. 75-80) qui accorde trop d'importance a la notion de pardon interpersonnel au detriment de la notion de pardon de soi. L'A. redefinit le concept de pardon de soi: 1) comme un acte intrapsychique independant de l'autorepresentation morale, 2) comme un processus necessaire pour soutenir l'image de soi en tant qu'agent moral, 3) comme priorite ontologique et morale sur la pardon interpersonnel
Totem Kiosk, Not Just for the Hotel Lobby

SUMMARY This article discusses the use of an informational multimedia kiosk at the Jerome Library at Bowling Green State University. The capabilities of the kiosk, how it has been used to date and future plans for further engagement of the users, such as in conjunction with traditional exhibits, are also covered. To make best use of staff time, content development for the kiosk can be multi-purpose, i.e., for both the libraries' web site and the kiosk.
A comparison between umbilical artery velocimetry and standard antepartum surveillance in hospitalized high-risk patients.

Abstract One hundred forty-six women admitted to the high-risk obstetric unit between November 1987 and December 1988 participated in a study designed to compare Doppler umbilical artery flow studies with standard antepartum testing in the prediction of adverse fetal outcome. A Doppler ultrasound examination was considered abnormal when the average systolic/ diastolic ratio was greater than or equal to 4. The antepartum testing consisted of a combined use of nonstress testing and contraction stress testing. If both the Doppler systolic/ diastolic ratio and the antepartum testing were abnormal, there was a significantly increased incidence of intrauterine growth retardation (47%), fetal distress necessitating cesarean section (67%), and admission to neonatal intensive care (86%). Doppler umbilical artery flow studies are an important adjunct to antepartum fetal surveillance in high-risk patients but should not determine clinical management when standard antepartum surveillance remains normal.