cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lightweight, Packet-Centric Monitoring of Network Traffic and Congestion Implemented in P4

Communication cost is an important factor for distributed applications running in data centers. To improve communication performance, developers need tools that enable them to measure and to understand how their application's communication patterns interact with the network, especially when those interactions result in congestion. This paper describes a lightweight sampling-based technique for monitoring communication that has a switch help a packet collect information about the path it takes from source to destination and congestion it encounters along the way. This scheme has essentially no bandwidth overhead, as it stores only a few bits of information in the header of a monitored IP packet, making it practical to monitor every packet. In our prior work, network simulations of large-scale tightly-coupled HPC applications showed this approach can provide detailed information about traffic and congestion that is useful for diagnosing the problem's root cause. Here, we describe an implementation of this scheme in P4 for data center networks and demonstrate its functionality with a basic experiment.
Grown or made? Children’s determination of the origins of natural versus processed foods

Abstract Children utilize different reasoning strategies based upon their knowledge of a category member’s origins. However, this has yet to be examined in the domain of foods, which can have origins that are both natural and human-made. Across two studies, younger and older children (N = 98) were asked if familiar and unfamiliar natural and processed foods, non-food natural kinds and artifacts were grown in a garden or made in a factory. Older children were more accurate than younger ones at identifying the origins of all items. In addition, both age groups were better at identifying the origins of non-foods than foods, and at identifying familiar compared to unfamiliar processed foods, though no difference was found between familiar and unfamiliar natural foods. Thus, knowledge of food origins is not developing similarly as with non-food items and familiarity is a factor in identifying processed, but not natural, foods.
Single Event Latch-up and Total Ionizing Dose Characterization of a Cobham Designed Smart Power Switch Controller

Single event latch-up and total ionizing dose characterization data is presented for the newly designed and fabricated Cobham radiation-hardened Smart Power Switch Controller.
Feasibility and acceptability of a brief suicide intervention for youth involved with the family court.

As efforts to develop models for suicide prevention and intervention in the juvenile justice (JJ) system continue to grow, research to understand the feasibility and acceptability of implementing these models is critical. Examining organizational readiness for implementation, ensuring leadership and staff buy-in for delivering the intervention, and planning for sustainability of staff participation in implementation efforts is essential. The current study involved semi-structured formative evaluation interviews with key JJ stakeholders (n = 10) to determine perspectives on the acceptability (perceived need and fit of the intervention) and feasibility (organizational readiness for change) of a proposed brief safety planning intervention for youth with suicidal ideation delivered by nonclinical staff and integrated into the existing system. Qualitative data revealed stakeholders' perceived need for the intervention in the family court context and their agreement that the aims of the intervention were congruent with the goals of the family court. Some barriers to successful implementation were noted, which, addressed through selection of appropriate implementation strategies, can be overcome in a future test of the safety intervention.
Supervisors’ Reliance on Tacit Knowledge and Barriers to Knowledge Sharing in the Electrical Contracting Industry

AbstractThe shortage of skills together with the knowledge loss due to employee retirements is compelling trade contractors to capture the know-how from retirees to prepare the future workforce. Co...
Introduction to the Book

This Introduction summarizes the book’s major arguments. The central claim made in the book is that Africa’s international courts have important impacts that have so far been underemphasized or entirely ignored. The chapters show that litigation in Africa’s international courts is part of a broader strategy to pursue the agenda of interest groups, litigants and opposition political parties and politicians. The book shows that by bringing a domestic political dispute to an international court, litigants achieve another significant goal – they internationalize their dispute. In so doing, they mobilize law and capitalize on the litigation process to advance and promote their commitment to their ideals and immediate goals – such as the defense of and promotion of political freedom in one additional venue outside the control of their home governments. In so doing, these actors use the opportunity to enforce treaty commitments relating to human rights, the rule or law and democracy, to mobilize against those in control of dominant and authoritarian party regimes and to seek public support in doing so. The chapters therefore put the users of Africa’s international courts and their broader strategies at the center of analysis. In addition, this book takes scholarship on Africa’s international courts a step further through in-depth case studies of how litigation in these international courts creates impacts in political, legal and social mobilization. In so doing, delves into the messy world of legal and political mobilization and the organizational choices made by activists, litigants and opposition parties who bring litigation before these international courts. In doing so, the book complements the attention to the legal and doctrinal questions as well as the challenges of compliance with decisions of these courts that the first generation of scholarship on Africa’s international courts emphasized.
THE CULEX’S METAPOETIC FUNERARY GARDEN

The Culex is now widely recognized as a piece of post-Ovidian, possibly Tiberian, pseudo-juvenilia written by an author impersonating the young Virgil, although it was attached to Virgil's name already in the first century c.e., being identified as Virgilian by Statius, Suetonius and Martial. Dedicated to the young Octavian (Octaui in line 1), the poem seems to fill a biographical gap in Virgil's career before his composition of the Eclogues. It is introduced as a ludus, which Irene Peirano suggests may openly refer to ‘the act of impersonating Virgil’, and, like many of the poems in the Appendix Vergiliana, it seems to have a parodic intent. The Culex has been interpreted as a parody of neoteric style and the epyllion, as mock-epic, as Virgil parody (John Henderson called it a ‘spoof Aeneid in bucolic drag’), as pointed Augustan satire, as mock Ovidian ‘Weltgedicht’ and as just very bad poetry (Housman's ‘stutterer’). Glenn Most has observed that the poem's three ‘acts’ structurally recapitulate Virgil's three major works in chronological succession. Little attention, however, has been paid to the Culex's final lines, which contain a catalogue of flowers the pastor places on the gnat's tomb. Recent scholarship has reintroduced an older interpretation of the gnat's tomb as a political allegory of Augustus’ Mausoleum; in this paper I suggest instead that the tomb and its flowers serve a closural and metapoetic function at the end of the poem.
Onboarding in the age of COVID-19

Due to the transition to a remote/virtual working environment, the process of onboarding new hires has to make a shift to the remote/virtual as well. In this article, a review of past and present p...
Massive transfusion in pediatric trauma-does more blood predict mortality?

Abstract Background Treatment of severe hemorrhage focuses on the control of bleeding and intravascular volume expansion through massive transfusion (MT). This study aimed to determine if transfusion volumes in pediatric trauma patients who receive MT is associated with increased risk of death, and to establish if there is a threshold above which further resuscitation with blood products is futile. Methods Pediatric patients (2–18 years old) in the 2014–2017 Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) database with complete age and blood transfusion data who met the MT definition of 40 mL/kg/24 h were included in analysis. Data elements were cleaned to eliminate discrepancies in reporting blood volumes and erroneous values were excluded. Early mortality was defined as death within 24 h. Late mortality was defined as death more than 24 h after hospital admission. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses to determine upper volume thresholds to predict early versus late mortality. Results There were 633 patients who met the MT definition of 40 mL/kg/24 h. The overall mortality rate was 21.6%. Volume of blood had poor predicting early and late mortality with an AUC of 0.50 [95% CI (0.42, 0.59)] and 0.50 [95% CI (0.43,0.57)], respectively. Regardless of mechanism, no transfusion volume was associated with a predictably high rate of mortality. Conclusions There is no upper transfusion volume threshold to predict mortality in pediatric trauma patients who are massively transfused, regardless of mechanism. Severely injured children can tolerate massive amounts of blood products and still survive. Level of evidence III.
Picroscope: low-cost system for simultaneous longitudinal biological imaging.

Simultaneous longitudinal imaging across multiple conditions and replicates has been crucial for scientific studies aiming to understand biological processes and disease. Yet, imaging systems capable of accomplishing these tasks are economically unattainable for most academic and teaching laboratories around the world. Here, we propose the Picroscope, which is the first low-cost system for simultaneous longitudinal biological imaging made primarily using off-the-shelf and 3D-printed materials. The Picroscope is compatible with standard 24-well cell culture plates and captures 3D z-stack image data. The Picroscope can be controlled remotely, allowing for automatic imaging with minimal intervention from the investigator. Here, we use this system in a range of applications. We gathered longitudinal whole organism image data for frogs, zebrafish, and planaria worms. We also gathered image data inside an incubator to observe 2D monolayers and 3D mammalian tissue culture models. Using this tool, we can measure the behavior of entire organisms or individual cells over long-time periods. Ly et al. report a multi-well imaging system (the Picroscope) that can perform longitudinal bright-field z-stack imaging for 24 wells simultaneously. They demonstrate its capability by imaging zebrafish embryos, planaria worms, development of Xenopus tropicalis over a 28-h period and embryonic stem cell monolayer and organoids inside an incubator.
The Calorimetry Conference Celebrates Professor Robert H. Wood’s Eightieth Birthday

The North American Calorimetry Conference (CALCON) has served as the premier collegial forum for the dissemination of current research and state-of-the-art technological developments in calorimetry and thermodynamics. The Sixty Eighth Calorimetry Conference (CALCON 2013) honored this legacy by revisiting the site of The Second Calorimetry Conference which convened at the majestic and stately Traymore Hotel in Atlantic City, New Jersey. The skyline of this seaside resort destination has undergone dramatic changes over the past six decades and a new generation of architectural marvels glistens on the infamous boardwalk. Our Sixty Eighth annual meeting invited participants to embark on a retrospective journey back in time to the formative years of The Calorimetry Conference. In conjunction with the celebration of noteworthy achievements during this timeframe, the Organizing Committee assembled a diverse technical program focused on relevant topics in the core disciplines of biology, chemistry, physics and engineering. Retracing the footsteps of prior generations, the Board of Directors adopted a motto that encapsulates our vision of The Calorimetry Conference and its role within the scientific community: Honoring the Past—Embracing the Present—Exploring the Future. While technological advances in instrumentation and methodology have impacted the field to an extent that our predecessors may never have envisioned, the core tenets of calorimetry remain unchanged as the need for accurate and precise thermodynamic data to characterize complex multi-component systems continues to represent a formidable challenge. This realization is particularly evident when viewing advancements in the physicochemical characterization of aqueous solutions under extreme conditions. Professor Robert H. Wood (University of Delaware, USA) is an acknowledged leader and pioneer of
Design and simulation of a novel klynac device for generation of bremsstrahlung radiation

Bremsstrahlung radiation is highly sought after for endless applications from medical and biological to military uses. Bremsstrahlung radiation is typically produced by nuclear reactors and linear accelerators, these sources are rarely practical due to their large sizes. A novel device is being designed and tested at LANL to meet the need for a compact bremsstrahlung radiation source. The klynac, a combined klystron — linac device, is designed to be a compact source that accelerates an electron beam from a klystron source to 1 MeV. The novel device consists of 8 cavities, the first four are coupled klystron cavities and the second four serve as accelerating cavities. This device operates at 2.856 GHz.
VLSI complexity of threshold gate COMPARISON

The paper overviews recent developments concerning optimal (from the point of view of size and depth) implementations of the Boolean function COMPARISON using feedforward neural networks made of threshold gates. We detail a class of solutions which covers another particular solution, and spans from constant to logarithmic depths. These circuit complexity results are supplemented by fresh VLSI complexity results having applications to hardware implementations of neural networks and to VLSI-friendly learning algorithms. In order to estimate the area (A) and the delay (T), as well as the classical AT/sup 2/, we use the following 'cost functions': (i) the connectivity (i.e., sum of fan-ins) and the number-of-bits for representing the weights and thresholds are used to approximate the area; while (ii) the fan-ins and the length of the wires are used for closer estimates of the delay. Such approximations allow us to compare the different solutions-which present very interesting fan-in dependent depth-size and area-delay tradeoffs-with respect to AT/sup 2/.
Psychological factors affecting neurological conditions: Depression and stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy.

As a contribution to the proposed revision of the DSM-III-R category "Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Condition" for DSM-IV, this article reviews the history of how the relationship of psychiatric illness to neurological illness has been understood with respect to depression. Since both psychiatric and neurological illness are aspects of brain functioning, any statement of the relationship of these categories entails certain epistemological assumptions, some of which have undergone considerable change and rapid evolution in the course of the last century.
EXPANDING HUMAN RIGHTS AND CIVIL RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: SEE SOMETHING, SAY SOMETHING POLICY

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, almost 300,000 hate crimes occurred in 2012 in the United States. An astonishing 90% of these crimes were violent. Even more shocking are the 60% of hate crimes that are not reported to law enforcement (Wilson, 2014). In response to these dismal reporting statistics, the Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) has adopted a policy (the “Policy”) and Congress introduced the “See Something, Say Something Act” (the “Act”), an amendment to the Homeland Security Act of 2002. The Policy and the Actencourage ordinary citizens to suspect and report someone based on perceived demeanor and/or overall appearance without the usual requirement of articulable suspicion (Terry, 1968). Due to the discriminatory nature of both the Policy and the Act, the proposed measures would be subject to strict scrutiny if challenged in court. Challenges to the Act would most likely revolve around civil rights violations. More importantly, basic human rights as outlined in the articles of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (“UDHR”) are at issue.In practice, encouraging U.S. citizens to report each other without articulable suspicion opens the door for bias, prejudice, and intolerance. Even without these limitations, the Act may not achieve its ultimate goal of increasing reporting as only four percent of the 40% of hate crimes reported actually result in an arrest (Wilson, 2014). Increasing reporting of hate crimes, at best, may improve arrest rates into double digits.
Influence of gender on continuous positive airway pressure requirements in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Gender differences have been noted in key aspects of upper airway physiology and pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We postulate that these will lead to disparities in pharyngeal collapsibility and, consequently, positive airway pressure requirements of patients with OSA. A retrospective review of 95 adult patients (56 women, 39 men) with OSA was done. Patients who underwent continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration were included in the study. The study groups were similar with regard to the severity of OSA (median apnea–hypopnea index of 34 in men and 24 in women, p = 0.13). The men were older and less obese than the women (mean age of 46 and 41 years, p = 0.03, BMI of 42 and 49 kg/m2, p < 0.001, in men and women, respectively); Epworth score was similar in the two groups (12 vs.11, p = 0.91). CPAP requirement was higher in men than in women (12.7 vs. 10.2, p < 0.0001). The effect of gender on CPAP requirement was found to be significant even when confounding variables were accounted for using linear regression. Men with OSA are more likely to require higher levels of CPAP support than women. The effect of gender on CPAP requirement persisted even after correcting for the severity of OSA.
Normal maxillary and mandibular growth and dentoalveolar development in Macaca mulatta. A longitudinal cephalometric study from 2 to 5 years of age.

Abstract Normal maxillary and mandibular growth and dentioalveolar development were examined in a longitudinal study of 10 male Macaca mulatta monkeys. Metallic implants were placed in the jaws of the monkeys as markers, and head films were taken semiannually from 2 to 5 years of age. The results showed that maxillary and mandibular growth is associated with rotational changes that are mostly in an anterior direction and are about twice as great in the mandible (9.4°) as in the maxilla (4.2°). These rotations are largely masked—about 75% in the maxilla and 90% in the mandible—by modeling within the jaws. Similarly, differential vertical dentoalveolar development almost completely masked the rotation of the occlusal plane that results from the rotation of the jaws, which created the impression that the occlusal plane is stable during growth. Peak growth velocity was reached on average at 3 years of age in the maxilla and mandible, with some individual variation. No major growth changes occurred after 3.5 to 4 years of age.
The experiential foundations of shamanic healing

An experience-centered approach reveals empirical foundations for shamanic healing. This article is based on data derived from surveys of Chinese, Japanese, Caucasian-American, and African-American populations and participant observation of over thirty Asian shamans. Respondents reported anomalous events such as apparitions, extrasensory perceptions, contact with the dead, precognitive dreams, clairvoyance, and out-of-body experiences. Based on folk reasoning, these episodes support belief in spirits, souls, and life after death. Shamanic healers have a far greater propensity to experience anomalous events than general populations and to use their beliefs arising from these episodes to produce ceremonies that change clients' perceptions of their illnesses. Although the foundations supporting shamanism differ from those sustaining Western medicine, both traditions provide experiences that convince clients that specific procedural methods alleviate illness.
Relative fluorescence intensities of human plasma soluble melanins in normal adults.

AbstractFluorescence spectroscopy of plasma soluble melanin derived from 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid discloses an emission (em) maximum at - 413 nm [excitation (ex) maximum ∼324 nm]; plasma melanins derived from dopa, catecholamines, catechol and 3-hydroxykynurenine have em maxima at ∼445 nm (ex maxima ∼345 nm). All of these melanins are present in human plasma. For the present study, plasma samples were obtained from 120 healthy Caucasian, Hispanic, Mongoloid and Negroid males and females, ranging from 19 to 92 years of age, with 12 or more subjects in each racial and sex group.The average relative fluorescence intensities of all samples (diluted 1 to 50 with water) were 34.6 ± 7.4 (standard deviation) at 413 nm and 40.8 ± 8.2 at 445 nm. Individual intensity values in samples from women below 50 years in age were in the lower range of the values observed; at age 50 and higher no difference was seen in samples from women and men. No clear cut relationships to race or age were seen.
Balancing urban development and endangered species: The coachella valley habitat conservation plan

Habitat conservation plans (HCPs) permitted under Section 10(A) of the federal Endangered Species Act, have been increasingly used to overcome conflicts between urban development and species conservation. This article profiles one such HCP, the Coachella Valley (CA) Fringe-Toed Lizard Habitat Conservation Plan. The second HCP officially approved by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Coachella Valley case is frequently cited as a model for resolving conservation and development conflicts. The article begins with a discussion of the use of HCPs, and then provides a detailed discussion of Coachella Valley experience, its history, specific provisions, and success to date. A final section examines whether Coachella Valley does in fact represent a positive model. It is argued that the HCP has been less than fully successful and leaves unresolved a series of fundamental ethical and policy questions concerning the protection of endangered species.
Donor APCs are required for maximal GVHD but not for GVL.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major source of morbidity in allogenic stem cell transplantation1. We previously showed that recipient antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are required for CD8-dependent GVHD in a mouse model across only minor histocompatibility antigens (minor H antigens)2. However, these studies did not address the function of donor-derived APCs after GVHD is initiated. Here we show that GVHD develops in recipients of donor major histocompatibility complex class I–deficient (MHC I−) bone marrow. Thus, after initial priming, CD8 cells caused GVHD without a further requirement for hematopoietic APCs, indicating that host APCs are necessary and sufficient for GHVD. Nonetheless, GVHD was less severe in recipients of MHC I− bone marrow. Therefore, once initiated, GVHD is intensified by donor-derived cells, most probably donor APCs cross-priming alloreactive CD8 cells. Nevertheless, donor APCs were not required for CD8-mediated graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) against a mouse model of chronic-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia. These studies identify donor APCs as a new target for treating GVHD, which may preserve GVL.
Mediastinal Granuloma: A 15-Year Experience

ranulomatous lesions of the mediastinal compartment present widely varying clinical, roentgenological, and pathological picG tures. Surgical treatment of such a lesion was first proposed by Grace [4] in 1942, when he reported the removal of a mediastinal tuberculoma. In 1950 Samson, Heaton, and Dugan [12] reported 4 cases and questioned the accuracy of calling these lesions “tuberculomas.” Kunkel, Claggett, and McDonald [9], when reviewing 16 of their cases in 1954, suggested the term mediastinal granuloma be used because a specific etiological agent is rarely recovered. Since then a number of papers have appeared, most of them dealing with complications attributable to the process. Between 1949 and 1963 a total of 43 cases of mediastinal granuloma were seen on the Chest Surgical Service of Barnes Hospital. There was no unusual age or sex distribution (Fig. 1). T h e youngest patient was 5, the oldest 72. T h e average age was 37 years. There
Classification of High-Dimensional Data with Ensemble of Logistic Regression Models

A classification method is developed based on ensembles of logistic regression models, with each model fitted from a different set of predictors determined by a random partition of the feature space. The proposed method enables class prediction by an ensemble of logistic regression models for a high-dimensional data set, which is impossible by a single logistic regression model due to the restriction that the sample size needs to be larger than the number of predictors. The proposed classification method is applied to gene expression data on pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients to predict each patient's risk for treatment failure or relapse at the time of diagnosis. Hence, specific prognostic biomarkers can be used to predict outcomes in pediatric AML and formulate individual risk-adjusted treatment. Our study shows that the proposed method is comparable to other widely used models in generalized accuracy and is significantly improved in balance between sensitivity and specificity. The proposed...
JAK-cytokine receptor recognition, unboxed

The crystal structure of the FERM-SH2 region of Tyk2 in complex with the cytoplasmic tail of an interferon-α receptor provides a first view of specific JAK-receptor recognition and reveals a central role of the heretofore-marginalized JAK SH2 domain in recognizing the cytokine-receptor box2 motif.
A Comparison of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression of the Calf and Whole Leg in Preventing Deep Venous Thrombosis in Urological Surgery

AbstractPurpose: Intermittent pneumatic compression of the calf and/or thigh effectively decreases the incidence of deep venous thrombosis and other thrombotic sequelae but clinical data comparing these modalities are currently lacking.Materials and Methods: A total of 90 patients undergoing major urological surgery was randomly assigned to receive calf length or thigh length pneumatic compression for antithrombotic prophylaxis. Duplex ultrasound of the lower extremities was performed preoperatively and twice postoperatively to evaluate for deep venous thrombosis. Health care providers in the operating room, recovery room and ward were asked to compare the compression systems, and a cost analysis was performed.Results: A total of 47 patients wore the thigh length sequential pneumatic sleeves and 43 wore calf length uniform compression systems. A pulmonary embolus without evidence of deep venous thrombosis was detected in 1 patient (2%) using the thigh length system. A thrombus was detected in the common f...
Elongational viscosity by fiber spinning

Isothermal melt, fiber-spinning was recently analyzed by means of a nonlinear, integral, constitutive equation that incorporates shear history effects, spectrum of relaxation times, shear-thinning, and extension thinning or thickening when either the drawing force or the draw ratio is specified. The predictions agreed with experimental data on spinning of polystyrene, low-density polyethylene, and polypropylene melts. The predicted apparent elongational viscosity along the threadline (which, as shown in this work, must be identical to that measured experimentally by fiber spinning type of elongational rheometers) is compared with the true elongational viscosity predicted by the same constitutive equation under well-defined experimental conditions of constant extension rate, independent of any strain history. It is concluded that the apparent elongational viscosity, as measured by fiber-spinning, approaches the true elongational viscosity at low Weissenberg numbers (defined as the product of the liquid's relaxation time multiplied by the extension rate). At moderate Weissenberg numbers, the two viscosities may differ by an order of magnitude and their difference grows even larger at high Weissenberg numbers.
Dissipation of stored body heat by the ornate box turtle, Terrapene ornata

Abstract 1. 1. Twelve ornate box turtles after being heated in a 55°C environment to 38–40°C core temperature were cooled in 30 or 38°C simulated field environments or in a 30°C uniform environment to assess their ability to dissipate stored body heat. 2. 2. In a 55°C environment the ornate box turtles produced copious amounts of saliva (frothing) which they spread over their heads and forelimbs. They were active throughout exposure and exhibited mouth movements. 3. 3. In the 30°C cooling environments frothing ceased and core and surface temperatures approached the ambient; in 38°C, frothing ceased and core temperatures fell below surface temperatures. Oral temperatures were below both those of core and surface. 4. 4. By evaporation from the oral cavity and respiratory tract, the ornate box turtle dissipated heat which had been stored during heating.
The Chemistry of 2-Carbenabicyclo[3.2.1]octadiene: An Ab-Initio Molecular Orbital Study

The pathways for conversion of 2-carbenabicyclo[3.2.1]octa-3,6-diene (1), 3-carbenatetracyclo[3.3.0.0.2,804,6]octane (2), and bicyclo[3.2.1]octa-2,3,6-triene (3) to common product endo-6-ethynylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-ene (4) were evaluated using density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-31g(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) levels. A manifold of equilibrating C8H8 species (1 ⇌ 2 ⇌ 3) is found not to be important. Rearrangement of bivalent 1 to product 4 proceeds via a π2S+σ2S+π2S carbene-to-carbene rearrangement process to generate endo-6-(2-carbenavinyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-ene. Allene 3 and carbenatetracyclooctane 2 proceed directly to product.
Enhancement of char formation of polymer nanocomposites using a catalyst

Clay-based SAN nanocomposites with zinc chloride as a catalyst were prepared by the solvent casting method to explore possible synergistic flame retardant effects involving enhanced char formation using a catalyst and the formation of a surface-protective layer having a clay network structure. Although the heat release rate and total heat release were significantly reduced by the use of this combination, each additive contributed independently without the desired synergism. This is due to the early formation of many small cracks in the surface layer for SAN-clay nanocomposites (vigorous bubbling associated with evolving thermal degradation byproducts were observed in the cracks) while the rapid char formation by zinc chloride occurred only at the late stage of the fire test. Char formation at long times does not prevent the crack formation or crack growth, so that an effective protective surface layer without openings was not obtained.
Nitrogen fertilization effects on lesquerella production

Abstract Progress has been made towards the commercialization of Lesquerella fendleri (Gray) Wats. as a fall-planted oilseed crop for the southwestern United States. Research to develop suitable cultural practices for commercial production of lesquerella has been underway since the late 1980s; however, information is limited on the plant’s nitrogen (N) requirement. Field experiments were conducted during two growing seasons to determine the optimum amount and timing of N applications for lesquerella production. Yield results indicate that lesquerella grown on desert soils is strongly influenced by N fertilization. Nitrogen rates as high as 180 kg N ha−1 increased seed yield. Seed oil content decreased as the N rate was increased. The increase in seed yield at the higher N rates generally offsets the decrease in oil content, but oil yields appeared to be near maximum at 180 kg N ha−1. Split-applications of N in the Spring increased seed and oil yields in one of two seasons. Nitrogen had no influence on 1000-seed weight or lesquerolic acid content of the oil. No Spring leaf blade total N level was identified as being related to maximum seed yield. A suggested N management program for lesquerella production is to apply a small portion of N at planting time and the major portion of N in several applications during the period from onset of bloom through full bloom (February–April).
The photochemistry of rhenium hydrides. A flash photolytic investigation of the transients in the photochemistry of tris(dimethylphenylphosphine)pentahydridorhenium(V)

Abstract The photochemistry of ReH 5 P 3 , (P ≡ PMe 2 Ph) has been investigated by laser and conventional flash photolysis. The first species observed in laser flash photolysis of the rhenium complex in saturated hydrocarbons has been assigned as an heptacoordinated 16-electron complex, ReH 5 P 2 , which is found to react with P at the diffusion-controlled rate. However, for photolysis in benzene such species is replaced by another metastable product, ReH 5 P 2 (C 6 H 6 ), which is proposed to be a η 2 -C 6 H 6 complex. At 10 −5 M Re, isomerization and possibly elimination of hydrogen in subsequent unimolecular steps can precede dimerization, which has also been observed. The observed transient transformations have been correlated with previous observations during continuous photolysis, including coordination of simple olefins and H/D exchange of arenes. Kinetic measurements reveal that the transient ReH 5 P 2 forms a dimetallic species by reaction with ReH 5 P 3 and not with another (unsaturated) transient.
Rheumatoid synovitis of the volar compartment of the wrist joint: its radiological signs and its contribution to wrist and hand deformity.

The radiological signs that suggest involvement of the volar compartments of the wrist include grooving of the scaphoid, pseudocysts of the distal radius, and scaphoid-lunate dissociation. These indicate involvement of the radiocarpal ligamentous support. This leads to loss of stability of the scaphoid, which then goes into a volar-flexed position , contributing to shortening the radial carpal height and favoring rotation of the carpus into supination, radial deviation of the metacarpals, and ulnar drift of the fingers.
The Chromophore of Phytochrome

The chromophore of phytochrome, the plant photomorphogenic pigment, was cleaved from the associated protein. Chromatographic and spectral properties indicated that it was a bilitriene closely similar to but distinct from the chromophore of C-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin.
Human Metapneumovirus Small Hydrophobic Protein Inhibits NF-κB Transcriptional Activity

Human metapneumovirus, a leading cause of respiratory tract infections in infants, encodes a small hydrophobic (SH) protein of unknown function. In this study, we showed that infection of airway epithelial cells or mice with recombinant human metapneumovirus lacking SH expression (rhMPV-DeltaSH) enhanced secretion of proinflammatory mediators, including interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8, encoded by two NF-kB-dependent genes, compared to infection with wild-type rhMPV. RhMPV-DeltaSH infection resulted in enhanced NF-kB-dependent gene transcription and in increased levels of phosphorylated and acetylated NF-kB without affecting its nuclear translocation, identifying a possible novel mechanism by which paramyxovirus SH proteins modulate NF-kB activation.
A Within-Subject Comparison of Withdrawal Symptoms During Abstinence From Cannabis, Tobacco, and Both Substances

A cannabis withdrawal syndrome has been characterized, but its clinical significance remains uncertain. One method of assessing the significance of cannabis withdrawal is to compare it directly to an established withdrawal syndrome. The present study was a within-subject comparison of cannabis, tobacco, and combined cannabis and tobacco withdrawal among users of both substances. Participants (N=12) completed three 5-day periods of abstinence in a randomized order, separated by 9-day periods of usual substance use. Overall withdrawal severity associated with cannabis alone and tobacco alone was of a similar magnitude. Withdrawal during simultaneous cessation of both substances was more severe than for each substance alone, but these differences were of short duration and substantial individual differences were noted. These results are consistent with other evidence suggesting cannabis withdrawal is clinically important and warrants detailed description in the DSM-V and ICD-11. Additional research is needed to replicate these findings and to further investigate the effects of abstaining from multiple drugs simultaneously.
An online scalable algorithm for minimizing lk-norms of weighted flow time on unrelated machines

We consider the problem of scheduling jobs that arrive online in the unrelated machine model to minimize lk norms of weighted flowtime. In the unrelated setting, the processing time and weight of a job depends on the machine it is assigned to, and it is perhaps the most general machine model considered in scheduling literature. Chadha et al. [10] obtained a recent breakthrough result in obtaining the first non-trivial algorithm for minimizing weighted flowtime (that is, the l1 norm) in this very general setting via a novel potential function based analysis. They described a simple algorithm and showed that for any e > 0 it is (1 + e)-speed O(1/e2)-competitive (a scalable algorithm).In this paper we give the first non-trivial and scalable algorithm for minimizing lk norms of weighted flowtime in the unrelated machine model; for any e > 0, the algorithm is O(k/e2+2/k)-competitive. The algorithm is immediate-dispatch and non-migratory. Our result is of both practical and theoretical interest. Scheduling to minimize lk norms of flowtime for some small k > 1 has been shown to balance total response time and fairness, which is desirable in practice. On the theoretical side, lk norms for k > 1 pose substantial technical hurdles when compared to when k = 1 even for the single machine case. Our work develops a novel potential function as well as several tools that can be used to lower bound the optimal solution.
Primary angiosarcoma of the heart detected by technetium-labeled erythrocyte cardiac imaging

Patients with primary angiosarcoma of the heart typically have the signs of right-sided congestive heart failure pericardial chest pain and pericardial effusion. The diagnosis of this uncommon tumor can be confirmed by nuclear cardiac scan to demonstrate any filling defect. The authors suggest that patients with this clinical presentation undergo nuclear heart scan as a noninvasive screening test to visualize the cardiac chambers and evaluate cardiac function.
Wound care of the advanced cancer patient

Prevention remains our best defense in maintaining skin integrity. Daily skin inspection, gentle cleaning, cleansing after episodes of incontinence, moisturizer use, containment of drainage, and minimization of contributing factors are essential steps in caring for patients who are at risk for or who actually develop wounds. Proper techniques for positioning can be taught to the patient and the caregiver. Support mattresses and cushions may be required to prevent or treat skin breakdown. Mobility training and strengthening can make a difference in the successful treatment of wounds. Adequate nutrition is essential for healing and plays a pivotal role in the success or failure of the treatment plan.
SU-E-T-238: Annual QA of Proton Gantry with Robotic Table.

Purpose: To perform the annual QA of proton gantry with a robotic table. Methods: A new proton gantry with robotic table has been commissioned and is being used in clinic for patient treatment. The gantry is equipped with a robotic table with 6‐degrees of freedom and dual cardinal angle KV imagers for patient registration. The system allows direct movement from one beam location to another without additional image registration, which effectively reduces portal setup time and increases treatment efficiency. The annual QA has four main components: Beam parameter checks included proton depth dose, output, linearity, modulation factor, field size factor, effective source distance, compensator gap factor, and monitor unit comparison between model calibration and physical measurements for every energy. Mechanical checks included gantry and robotic table isocenter, gantry and robotic couch isocentricity, and mechanical movement of fully loaded couch and corresponding digital readout. Imaging system checks included proton, X‐ray beam, laser and image receptor alignment, image quality of KV imagers, and image registration accuracy. The last were the system safety checks. Methods used to perform these checks, especially those pertaining to robotic positioner will be discussed. Results: The new proton gantry and robotic table had the isocentric accuracy of about 1 mm. The accuracy of mechanical movements of the robotic table was within 1mm/0.5 degree in the clinical motion range. The accuracy of proton outputs determined by IAEA TRS 398 protocol was within +/−2% and the consistency of beam range for all clinical energies at cardinal gantry angles was within 1mm. Conclusions: The results of the gantry annual QA demonstrate that the machine satisfies the highest standards of quality assurance for protonradiation treatment. The annual QA verifies the proton output, robotic table movement accuracy, image registration and safety of the machine and thus increases our confidence level in the uncertainties of daily protontreatments.
Intercorrelations of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised, the Slosson Intelligence Test, and the National Educational Developmental Test:

For a primary middle-class Caucasian sample of 16 girls and 17 boys (N = 33) enrolled in a secular private school in Clarksville, Tennessee Pearson, product-moment correlations were computed between the Slosson Intelligence Test (SIT) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised (WISC-R) Full Scale, Verbal, and Performance scores, and between National Educational Development Test (NEDT) scores and (a) WISC-R Full Scale and (b) SIT IQ scores. The coefficients obtained were, respectively, .79, .82, .50, .77, .77, all of which were significant beyond the .01 level.
Preparation of and Cardiovascular Response to Neo-synephrine in Oil

Summary1. Neo-synephrine base is soluble in peanut oil containing oleic acid. 2. Neo-synephrine in oil injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly brings about a more sustained rise in blood pressure than does a similar injection of an equivalent amount of aqueous neo-synephrine HCl. 3. The threshold dose for both forms of neo-synephrine is about 0.05 mg/kg in the dog. Maximal responses are usually obtained with doses of 0.5 mg/kg by either subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. The latter dosage level is not well tolerated and is frequently followed by undesirable side reactions. 4. Neo-synephrine in oil is 28% less toxic than the aqueous neo-synephrine HCl equivalent. The slower rate of absorption from oil is the probable cause for the lower toxicity.
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α assembles essential cooperating factors in common subnuclear domains

The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) is the DNA binding subunit of a multiprotein complex that regulates the pituitary-specific GH promoter. C/EBPα is absent from the GHFT1–5 pituitary progenitor cell line in which ectopic C/EBPα expression leads to activation of the otherwise dormant GH promoter. Transcriptional regulatory complexes are commonly envisaged as assembling from components that evenly diffuse throughout the nucleoplasm. We show that C/EBPα, expressed in GHFT1–5 cells as a fusion with color variants of the green fluorescent protein (GFP), concentrated specifically at peri-centromeric chromosomal domains. Although we found the CREB-binding protein (CBP) to activate C/EBPα-dependent transcription, CBP was absent from the pericentromeric chromatin. C/EBPα expression was accompanied by the translocation of endogenous and ectopically expressed CBP to pericentromeric chromatin. The intranuclear recruitment of CBP required the transcriptional activation domains of C/EBPα...
Teriparatide in Bisphosphonate-Resistant Osteoporosis: Microarchitectural Changes and Clinical Results After 6 and 18 months

A number of osteoporotic patients under bisphosphonate treatment present persistent fragility fractures and bone loss despite good compliance. The objective of this 18-month prospective study was to investigate the effect of teriparatide [rhPTH(1–34)] in 25 female osteoporotics who were inadequate responders to oral bisphosphonates and to correlate microarchitectural changes in three consecutive iliac crest biopsies measured by micro-computed tomography (μCT) with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone serum markers. Scanned biopsies at baseline (M0), 6 months (M6), and 18 months (M18) demonstrated early significant (P < 0.01) increases in bone volume per tissue volume (+34%) and trabecular number (+14%) at M6 with only moderate changes in most μCT structural parameters between M6 and M18. μCT-measured bone tissue density was significantly decreased at M18, expressing an overall lower degree of tissue mineralization characteristic for new bone formation despite unchanged trabecular thickness due to increased intratrabecular tunneling at M18. μCT results were consistent with serum bone turnover markers, reaching maximal levels of bone alkaline phosphatase and serum β-crosslaps at M6, with subsequent decline until M18. BMD assessed by DXA demonstrated persistent increases at the lumbar spine until M12, whereas no significant change was observed at the hip. Type (alendronate/risedronate) and duration (3.5 ± 4 years) of prior bisphosphonate treatment did not influence outcome on μCT, BMD, or bone marker results. The overall results indicate a positive ceiling effect of teriparatide on bone microarchitecture and bone markers after 6 and 12 months for lumbar spine BMD, with no additional gain until M18 in bisphosphonate nonresponders.
A comparison of three total variation based texture extraction models

This paper qualitatively compares three recently proposed models for signal/image texture extraction based on total variation minimization: the Meyer [27], Vese-Osher (VO) [35], and TV-L^1[12,38,2-4,29-31] models. We formulate discrete versions of these models as second-order cone programs (SOCPs) which can be solved efficiently by interior-point methods. Our experiments with these models on 1D oscillating signals and 2D images reveal their differences: the Meyer model tends to extract oscillation patterns in the input, the TV-L^1 model performs a strict multiscale decomposition, and the Vese-Osher model has properties falling in between the other two models.
Small oscillations of a rotating inextensible string with end masses

The characteristic value problem for free vibrations of a steadily rotating variable area inextensible string with end masses is solved numerically for strings with constant area, constant stress, and a type of exponential taper. Several sets of numerical results are presented (in both tabular and graphical formats), which, it is hoped, will be helpful in evaluating numerical methods used in space tether applications. In addition, approximate formulas are developed for quick natural frequency estimation in two limiting cases.