cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling of electric field enhancement in titania slot waveguides for electro optic polymer modulators

We propose an electro optic polymer modulator based on a titania slot waveguide. The material's very high dielectric constant causes the electrical modulation field to be concentrated in the slot region as well.
DIALTWIG: a mini-DIALOG in a controlled, microcomputer-based environment

DIALTWIG est un logiciel d'apprentissage au logiciel DIALOG, qui a ete mis au point par l'ecole de bibliothecaires de l'universite de Young Brigham pour tourner sur une mini-base de donnees interne. Les modalites de la recherche documentaire avec ce logiciel et son interet pour l'enseignement de la recherche automatisee sont detailles
Harmony in Chopin

Chopin's oeuvre holds a secure place in the repertoire, beloved by audiences, performers, and aesthetes. In Harmony in Chopin, David Damschroder offers a new way to examine and understand Chopin's compositional style, integrating Schenkerian structural analyses with an innovative perspective on harmony and further developing ideas and methods put forward in his earlier books Thinking about Harmony (Cambridge, 2008), Harmony in Schubert (Cambridge, 2010), and Harmony in Haydn and Mozart (Cambridge, 2012). Reinvigorating and enhancing some of the central components of analytical practice, this study explores notions such as assertion, chordal evolution (surge), collision, dominant emulation, unfurling, and wobble through analyses of all forty-three Mazurkas Chopin published during his lifetime. Damschroder also integrates analyses of eight major works by Chopin with detailed commentary on the contrasting perspectives of other prominent Chopin analysts. This provocative and richly detailed book will help transform readers' own analytical approaches.
Motivating health workers up to a limit: partial effects of performance-based financing on working environments in Nigeria

Background In 2012, the Nigerian government launched performance-based financing (PBF) in three districts providing financial incentives to health workers based on the quantity and quality of service provision. They were given autonomy to use funds for operational costs and performance bonuses. This study aims to understand changes in perceived motivation among health workers with the introduction of PBF in Wamba district, Nigeria. Methods The study used a qualitative research design to compare perceptions of health workers in facilities receiving PBF payments in the pilot district of Wamba to those that were not. In-depth semi-structured interviews (n = 39) were conducted with health workers from PBF and non-PBF facilities along with managers of the PBF project. Framework analysis was used to identify patterns and variations in responses. Facility records were collated and triangulated with qualitative data. Findings Health workers receiving PBF payments reported to be 'awakened' by performance bonuses and improved working environments including routine supportive supervision and availability of essential drugs. They recounted being more punctual, hard working and proud of providing better services to their communities. In comparison, health workers in non-PBF facilities complained about the dearth of basic equipment and lack of motivating strategies. However, health workers from both sets of facilities considered there to be a severe shortage of manpower resulting in excessive workload, fatigue and general dissatisfaction. Conclusions PBF strategies can succeed in motivating health workers by bringing about a change in incentives and working conditions. However, such programmes need to be aligned with human resource reforms including timely recruitment and appropriate distribution of health workers to prevent burn out and attrition. As people working on the frontline of constrained health systems, health workers are responsive to improved incentives and working conditions, but need more comprehensive support.
Further evidence for amino acid transport as a site of action of growth hormone.

Summary and ConclusionsAddition of growth hormone to intact, isolated diaphragms of hypophysectomized rats accelerates the transport of AIB-1-C (a-aminoisobutyric acid) into the intracellular compartment of muscle cells. This is competitively inhibited by leucine and glycine but not by phenylalanine or glutamic acid. These findings suggest that growth hormone stimulates the transport of some, but not all, naturally occurring amino acids as well as that of the nonmetabolizable amino acid AIB. These findings further support the hypothesis that amino acid transport may be a site of action of growth hormone in the regulation of protein metabolism.
Offshore Southern California lithospheric velocity structure from noise cross-correlation functions

A new shear wave velocity model offshore Southern California is presented that images plate boundary deformation including both thickening and thinning of the crustal and mantle lithosphere at the westernmost edge of the North American continent. The Asthenospheric and Lithospheric Broadband Architecture from the California Offshore Region Experiment (ALBACORE) ocean bottom seismometer array, together with 65 stations of the onshore Southern California Seismic Network, is used to measure ambient noise correlation functions and Rayleigh wave dispersion curves which are inverted for 3-D shear wave velocities. The resulting velocity model defines the transition from continental lithosphere to oceanic, illuminating the complex history and deformation in the region. A transition to the present-day strike-slip regime between the Pacific and North American Plates resulted in broad deformation and capture of the now >200 km wide continental shelf. Our velocity model suggests the persistence of the uppermost mantle volcanic processes associated with East Pacific Rise spreading adjacent to the Patton Escarpment, which marks the former subduction of Farallon Plate underneath North America. The most prominent of these seismic structures is a low-velocity anomaly underlying the San Juan Seamount, suggesting ponding of magma at the base of the crust, resulting in thickening and ongoing adjustment of the lithosphere due to the localized loading. The velocity model also provides a robust framework for future earthquake location determinations and ground-shaking simulations for risk estimates.
Screening Prosthetic Materials Through Tissue Culture

How will the patient react to a specific prosthetic material? A tissue culture system that may provide a method of answering this question before implantation of the prosthesis is described in this article, as is a new photomicrographic technique for visualizing cells on an opaque surface.
Failure Pzt Thin Films in Mems

Many microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are based on polysilicon films used for electrostatic actuation. However, piezoelectric films, such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT), can provide the ability to generate high forces at lower strains as actuators [1] or for use in energy conversion applications, bringing a different set of challenges regarding processing and reliability in mechanical applications. These often are used in the form of thin PZT membranes [2], and so this structure is of particular interest for piezoelectric MEMS, among the many possible geometries for this type of material [3]. In this presentation, failure mechanisms in PZT MEMS will be described for both processing requirements and during service.
The effect of clam grazing on phytoplankton spring blooms in the low-salinity zone of the San Francisco Estuary: A modelling approach

Abstract Benthic grazing by estuarine bivalves can be an important top-down process impacting pelagic food webs. In the low-salinity zone of the San Francisco Estuary mass balance calculations and models have reported that clams (especially the invasive Potamocorbula amurensis) suppress phytoplankton blooms. However, spring blooms frequently occur. We aimed to understand this clam paradox using a biogeochemical modelling approach to evaluate the effects of clam grazing and excretion on phytoplankton production and nutrient uptake. The conceptual framework combines both the reduction of phytoplankton biomass by grazing and the role of ammonium (from clam excretion, wastewater plant discharge and sediment efflux) in minimizing chlorophyll accumulation, since phytoplankton cannot access nitrate (the major form of available nitrogen) for growth, due to ammonium suppression of nitrate uptake. We constructed the CLAMFLOW model by adding a clam module (with pathways of nitrogen for clam grazing, clam excretion and sediment efflux) to an existing phytoplankton-nitrogen-flow model. Whatever the parameter that was varied in the model (clam abundance, grazing, excretion, sediment efflux or flow) it decreased the peak nitrate uptake by the phytoplankton and shifted the time to reach peak uptake so delaying the likelihood of bloom initiation. Outcomes of the CLAMFLOW model were to demonstrate how clams can indirectly impact phytoplankton growth through excretion of ammonium, and to illustrate how most published laboratory filtration rates are likely too high for application in the field. There are management implications from using too high a clam grazing rate in models that may overestimate their impact on trophic estuarine and wetland productivity. We suggest that improved prediction of bloom occurrences requires the use of lower filtration rates combined with observed clam abundances, and a suitable combination of flow and ammonium source concentrations. This simple modular model (CLAMFLOW) offers portability to other ecosystems and is designed to connect with estuary scale three-dimensional circulation or numerical biogeochemical models. Our model and results are applicable to other situations, including aquaculture development and bivalve restoration efforts, where the biogeochemical effects of bivalves on phytoplankton productivity need to be quantitatively understood.
64. Broad-Spectrum Anti-HIV RT RNA Aptamers

Despite recent therapeutic progress, HIV remains a significant problem, due in part to the propensity of the virus to develop resistance. New, broad-spectrum therapeutics targeting diverse HIV strains and drug-resistant mutants could curtail the emergence of viral escape mutants by increasing the genetic barrier to resistance. RNA aptamers that target HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) and inhibit RT activity through competition with primer/template for access to the RT active site. Some aptamer structural families inhibited RT from only certain subtypes of HIV in biochemical assays. For example, family 1 pseudoknots (F1pk) inhibited RT only from HIV-1 subtype B. More recently, we identified several classes of broad spectrum aptamers that biochemically inhibit diverse RT subtypes. However, neither aptamer class has been evaluated in cell culture for the ability to inhibit diverse HIV strains.To evaluate potentially broad-spectrum aptamers in cell culture, we engineered recombinant reporter virus plasmids encoding RT from phylogenetically diverse viruses (HIV-1 subtypes A and B, Group O, and HIV-2) in the HIV-1NL4-3 background, keeping all other viral components constant. Viability of the recombinant viruses was determined using single-cycle infectivity assays to compare each recombinant construct to the parent (HIV-1NL4-3 RT). The new constructs were then tested against aptamers known to inhibit the parent construct. Importantly, aptamer-mediated inhibition correlated with our previous biochemical results when these reporter viruses were produced in cells that expressed aptamers. Broad-spectrum inhibition was observed for one new class of aptamers using representative aptamer 88.1 (6/5 asymmetric loop motif). Notably, aptamer 70.05 (F1pk) inhibited RT from viral strain HXB2 (Group M, subtype B), but not RT from strain MVP5180 (Group O) in infectivity assays. This observation correlates with biochemical results and represents the first demonstration of aptamer-specific resistance in cell culture. In addition, a single point mutation (R277K) demonstrated to confer biochemical resistance also completely abolished inhibition of the provirus expressing HXB2 RT for aptamer 70.05. Thus, viruses expressing RTs from diverse HIV strains in a constant backbone served three functions: (1) to identify RT as the genetic locus responsible for aptamer-mediated inhibition, (2) to demonstrate aptamer-specific resistance for the first time in cell culture, and (3) to assay broad-spectrum activity of our new class of aptamers. Our current work is focused on further exploring aptamer-RT interactions to determine mechanisms governing antiviral specificity and viral encapsidation of anti-HIV RT aptamers.
Multi-camera surveillance systems for time and motion studies of timber harvesting equipment

A multi-camera security system was tested to conduct a time and motion study.The system was installed on a John Deere 540G cable skidder.Time stamped video footage was inspected to obtain time consumption of work tasks.Accurate calculation of total cycle times and delays as well as productivity metrics.The system can be adopted as a reliable approach to conduct time and motion studies. We evaluated the feasibility of using a multi-camera security system to conduct time and motion studies. It was installed on a John Deere 540G cable skidder and connected to the skidders battery for continuous recording with minimal effort and intervention. After recording the skidders work for eleven experimental skidding cycles, time stamped video footage was visually inspected to obtain time consumption of work tasks, which provided for accurate calculation of total cycle times and delays. Several advantages of the security camera system including quick and non-invasive installation, large memory storage, transferability, resistance to weather elements, and the capacity to capture different views, offer a great potential for this method to be adopted as a reliable approach to accurately conduct time and motion studies. Along with distance and gradient information for skid-trail segments, we also explored the influence of gradient on travel time for loaded and unloaded skidding. There is a need for future studies to formally explore this relationship and develop more detailed cycle time equations that explicitly take into account skid-trail gradient for individual segments.
Diagnostic discrepancies between second-opinion and referring pathology reports of neuroendocrine tumors.

154 Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare malignancies that can arise from neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, most commonly in the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas. Th...
Neurocognitive Trajectory of Boys Who Received a Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant at an Early Stage of Childhood Cerebral Adrenoleukodystrophy.

Importance Untreated childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (cALD) is a fatal disease associated with progressive cerebral demyelination and rapid, devastating neurologic decline. The standard of care to enhance long-term survival and stabilize cerebral disease is a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Neurologic outcomes are better when HSCT occurs at an earlier stage of cALD, yet there is limited understanding of the neurocognitive trajectory of patients who undergo HSCT. Objectives To characterize neurocognitive outcomes of boys with cALD and early-stage cerebral disease who were treated with an allogeneic HSCT and to identify disease- and treatment-related factors associated with long-term functioning. Design, Setting, and Participants Baseline and follow-up neurocognitive test performance was analyzed for all boys with cALD who received an HSCT at the University of Minnesota between January 1, 1991, and October 20, 2014, and who had a pretransplant magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) severity score of less than 10 (scale range, 0-34; higher scores indicate greater severity). Main Outcomes and Measures Longitudinal neurocognitive test performance in 4 domains (verbal comprehension, perceptual [visual] reasoning, working memory, and processing speed) were the primary outcome measures. Secondary analysis at the most recent evaluation also included measures of sustained attention, verbal memory, visual-motor integration, and fine motor function. Results Among the 62 boys in this study (mean [SD] age at transplant, 8.37 [2.80] years; range, 4-16 years), there was a significant association of pretransplant MRI severity and baseline verbal comprehension ( r = –0.340; P = .008), perceptual reasoning ( r = –0.419; P = .001), and processing speed ( r = –0.285; P = .03) scores. Higher pretransplant MRI severity scores were also associated with a steeper decline in neurocognitive functioning during the 5-year follow-up period. Twenty-two of 33 patients (67%) with available long-term follow-up neurocognitive testing had severe impairment in at least 1 neurocognitive domain at the most recent evaluation. Conclusions and Relevance Boys with cALD who have greater than minimal cerebral disease detected on MRI scans at the time of an HSCT are at risk for severe, persistent neurocognitive deficits. These findings motivate further exploration of methods of detecting cerebral disease prior to development of lesions observable on MRI scans, an endeavor that may be facilitated by newborn screening for adrenoleukodystrophy. These findings may serve a benchmark role in evaluating the efficacy of novel interventions for cALD.
Divergent Effects of Raloxifene HCl on the the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Warfarin

Purpose. Evista® (raloxifene HCl) is a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator that displays estrogen agonist effects on bone and lipid metabolism but estrogen antagonist effects on the breast and endometrium. The potential for drug-drug interaction between raloxifene and warfarin was assessed in 15 healthy postmenopausal women.
Notes on the Fauna of the Chipola Formation- IX on the Presence of Kuphus Incrassatus Gabb

"Large tubes, similar to the Dominican Kuphus incrassatus are remarkably abundant in the Tertiary (Eocene to Miocene) limestones of the West Indies and Central America, especially in Anguilla, Puerto Rico, Haiti, Cuba, Jamaica, and Guatemala." (Woodring, 1925, p.195). This extensive geographical and geological distribution of Kuphus incrassatus has been recognized since the days when Gabb (1873, p. 246) described his species from near Guayubin, in Santo Domingo.
Patients with post-essential thrombocythemia and post-polycythemia vera differ from patients with primary myelofibrosis

Prognostic scoring systems for primary myelofibrosis (PMF) are not accurate in patients with post-essential thrombocythemia and post-polycythemia vera myelofibrosis (PET-MF; PPV-MF). Given the paucity of data describing the clinical characteristics, disease course and outcomes of these patients, we sought to describe and compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 755 patients with PMF, 181 with PPV-MF, and 163 with PET-MF referred to our institution between 1984 and 2013. The median follow-up was 31 months, and 56% (n=616) patients had died. Over an observation period of 3502 person-years, 11% of patients had progression to AML, with similar rates among groups. The proportion of patients with transfusion dependency (higher in PMF), leukocytosis and systemic symptoms (higher in PPV-MF), and thrombocytopenia (higher in PMF, PPV-MF) differed among groups. Median overall survival (OS) was longest in PET-MF patients (73 mo vs 45 mo (PMF) vs 48 mo (PPV-MF), p <0.001). Stratification of OS by DIPSS was only discriminatory in patients with PMF, and it failed to distinguish higher risk patients with PPV/PET-MF. In multivariate analysis, predictors of inferior OS were higher age, anemia, systemic symptoms, thrombocytopenia, and high peripheral blasts in PMF; age, anemia, and systemic symptoms for PPV-MF; and anemia, peripheral blasts and thrombocytopenia in PET-MF. Although the clinical characteristics of PPV/PET-MF patients are not substantially different from those with PMF, their outcomes differ and prognostic scoring systems for PET/PPV-MF should be improved.
Limb shortening as a strategy for limb sparing treatment of appendicular osteosarcoma of the distal radius in a dog

Objective To develop and report a novel limb sparing technique for the distal radius in a dog. Study design Case report. Animal A 14-year-old, female spayed Labrador Retriever with an osteosarcoma of the right distal radius and a pathological fracture. A previous mast cell tumor had been treated 5 years prior to presentation with marginal excision and a full-course radiation over the right metacarpal bones. The dog had received 2 doses of palliative radiation just prior to presentation. Methods A standard resection of the distal radius was used as a strategy to salvage the limb. Instead of replacing the 6-cm bone defect with an endoprosthesis, the limb was acutely shortened and a carpal arthrodesis plate was applied. Results Postoperative function was good and limb shortening was well-tolerated. Radiographic evidence of early bone healing was noted at the osteotomy site. The dog experienced 3 postoperative complications: a focal area of skin necrosis managed successfully via surgical revision; infection resolving after long-term antibiotherapy; and a fracture of the third metacarpal bone through a screw hole, managed via screw removal and a custom external prosthesis. The patient was euthanatized due to presumptive chemotherapy complications 127 days after the procedure. Conclusion Limb shortening limb salvage is technically feasible and can result in excellent limb use postoperatively, in spite of a significant loss in limb length.
Social Entrepreneurship, Language, and Funding: Evidence from Startups in Sub-Saharan Africa

Social ventures, characterized by the “double bottom line” of profitability and social impact, have become an increasingly recognized model of entrepreneurship. Particularly in developing economies...
Properties of 50–110-GHz Waveguide Components Fabricated by Metal Additive Manufacturing

This paper presents several V-band (50–75 GHz) WR-15 and W-band (75–110 GHz) WR-10 waveguide components fabricated using both direct metal laser sintering in aluminum, nickel-chromium, maraging steel (MS), and copper alloys and stereolithography in copper-coated plastic. Printing resolution is analyzed with respect to feature creation. The RF performance and surface roughness are measured, and the loss due to surface roughness quantified. The measured loss for WR-10 at 92.5-GHz ranges from 5.5 dB/m for the copper-plated plastic waveguides to 36.9 dB/m for the nickel alloy and for WR-15 at 62.5-GHz ranges from 11.0 dB/m for the aluminum alloy to 14.4 dB/m for the MS alloy. From a loss budget study, it is found that standard models do not accurately predict loss due to surface roughness for rough surfaces where the height variation is much larger than skin depth $\delta$ . It is also found that for internally complex printing, the MS alloy versions maintain the closest structure to designed components and expected RF performance. This paper presents the current state-of-the-art in available additive-manufactured waveguide components at V- and W-bands.
Lower-Extremity Arterial Continuous-Wave Doppler Evaluation:

Analysis of continuous-wave Doppler waveforms acquired from peripheral arteries has been a cornerstone of vascular laboratory testing for decades. However, appropriate terminology for describing wa...
Self-focusing and maximum ablation depth in ultrafast laser surgery of tissue (Conference Presentation)

Ultrafast lasers are used to precisely ablate tissue below the surface. The maximum depth of ablation is ultimately limited by scattering and absorption by the tissue. As the depth of ablation is increased, higher laser powers are required to reach the ablation threshold at the laser focus, which leads to nonlinear self-focusing or surface damage. Here, we investigate self-focusing and the maximum depth of ablation in tissue experimentally and computationally. We find the maximum ablation depth in a model porcine tissue for a variety of focusing conditions and pulse widths by imaging ablation voids with third-harmonic generation imaging. The effect of self-focusing is measured by the shift in the focal plane of the ablation void and by the presence of self-focusing induced filaments. Computational models simulate laser pulse propagation and free-electron generation in tissue. Using our experimental data, we fit a nonlinear index to tissue. We then use the model to predict the role of self-focusing and the maximum ablation depth for a range of laser parameters.
Accumulating Data to Optimally Predict Obesity Treatment (ADOPT) Core Measures: Behavioral Domain

Background The ability to identify and measure behaviors that are related to weight loss and the prevention of weight regain is crucial to understanding the variability in response to obesity treatment and the development of tailored treatments. Objectives The overarching goal of the Accumulating Data to Optimally Predict obesity Treatment (ADOPT) Core Measures Project is to provide obesity researchers with guidance on a set of constructs and measures that are related to weight control and that span and integrate obesity-related behavioral, biological, environmental, and psychosocial domains. This article describes how the behavioral domain subgroup identified the initial list of high-priority constructs and measures to be included, and it describes practical considerations for assessing the following four behavioral areas: eating, activity, sleep, and self-monitoring of weight. Challenges and considerations for advancing the science related to weight loss and maintenance behaviors are also discussed. Significance Assessing a set of core behavioral measures in combination with those from other ADOPT domains is critical to improve our understanding of individual variability in response to adult obesity treatment. The selection of behavioral measures is based on the current science, although there continues to be much work needed in this field.
Hybrid Extracorporeal Therapies as a Bridge to Pediatric Liver Transplantation.

Objectives Standard intensive care treatment is inadequate to keep children with liver failure alive without catastrophic complications to ensure successful transplant, as accumulation of endogenous protein-bound toxins often lead to hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, cardiovascular instability, and multiple organ failure. Given paucity of proven treatment modalities for liver failure, blood purification using different extracorporeal treatments as a bridge to transplantation is used, but studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of combination of these therapies, especially in pediatric liver failure, are lacking. We describe our experience at a major tertiary children's hospital, where a unique hybrid extracorporeal treatment protocol has been instituted and followed for acute liver failure or acute-on-chronic liver failure as a bridge to transplantation. This protocol combines high-flux continuous renal replacement therapy for hyperammonemia, therapeutic plasma exchange for coagulopathy, and albumin-assisted dialysis (molecular adsorbent recirculating system) for hepatic encephalopathy. Design Retrospective observational study. Setting Freestanding tertiary children's hospital and liver transplant referral center. Patients All patients with acute liver failure/acute-on-chronic liver failure receiving hybrid extracorporeal therapy over 24 months. Intervention Hybdrid extracorporeal therapy. Measurements and main results Fifteen children (age 3 yr [0.7-9 yr]; 73% male) with acute liver failure/acute-on-chronic liver failure who were either listed or actively considered for listing and met our protocol criteria were treated with hybrid extracorporeal therapy; 93% were ventilated, and 80% were on vasoactive support. Of these, two patients recovered spontaneously, four died prior to transplant, and nine were successfully transplanted; 90-day survival post orthotopic liver transplant was 100%. Overall survival to hospital discharge was 73%. Conclusions Hybrid extracorporeal therapies can be effectively implemented in pediatric liver failure as a bridge to transplantation. Overall complexity and heavy resource utilization need to be carefully considered in instituting these therapies in suitable candidates.
Ages in Reliability and Bio Systems, Interpretations, Control, and Applications

In this article, we define age and compare ages for objects from two populations by making use of their lifetime distributions. The main purposes of this talk are to propose various definitions, based on relationships between important different but equivalent probability components, which allow tractable use in engineering and humane practice. These definitions admit different meaning important in numerous applications. Respectively, there are various areas of use. Most of the statements and Examples are straightforward consequences of the Definitions. For instance, there are several ways for evaluation of the true age of an object on the background of its population. An approach to the time scaling in the age evaluation based on accelerated testing is offered, using the concept of accumulated total stress. Examples with biological age control similar to reliability age-correcting factor illustrate the theory. We generalize this approach to two-dimensional and multi-dimensional distributions that also may represent life, and sketch areas where this knowledge can be applied.
4 – South Africa

This chapter offers an introduction to the South African criminal justice system. Initially, the focus is on an explanation of the apartheid era and the impact it had on the criminal justice system of the country. Then the major components of the system—the police, judiciary, law, corrections, and juvenile justice—are surveyed, along with an overview of the country’s political system. The organization and administration of the various components are described, the various roles of the practitioners are explained, the legal process is examined, and reference is made to some of the areas of concern within the system.
Vertical Profiles of the Wave-Induced Airflow above Ocean Surface Waves

AbstractAn analysis of coherent measurements of winds and waves from data collected during the ONR Southern California 2013 (SoCal2013) program from R/P FLIP off the coast of Southern California in...
The effects of home ownership on post-unemployment wages

Abstract This paper studies the effects of home ownership on job search outcomes. In contrast to previous literature focusing mainly on the impact of home ownership on unemployment rate and duration, this paper looks at the relationship between home ownership and post-unemployment wages. Using the Survey of Income and Program Participation 1996–2008 panels, I find that home ownership reduces post-unemployment wages, and this negative wage effect is particularly evident when the unemployed homeowner is located in either a declining housing market or a distressed labor market. These results are robust after using state-level mortgage interest deductions as an instrument for home ownership status.
Quantitative susceptibility mapping detects neovascularization of the epiphyseal cartilage after ischemic injury in a piglet model of legg-calvé-perthes disease.

BACKGROUND Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a childhood hip disorder thought to be caused by disruption of blood supply to the developing femoral head. There is potential for imaging to help assess revascularization of the femoral head. PURPOSE To investigate whether quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) can detect neovascularization in the epiphyseal cartilage following ischemic injury to the developing femoral head. STUDY TYPE Prospective. ANIMAL MODEL Right femoral head ischemia was surgically induced in 6-week-old male piglets. The animals were sacrificed 48 hours (n = 3) or 4 weeks (n = 7) following surgery, and the operated and contralateral control femoral heads were harvested for ex vivo MRI. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Preclinical 9.4T MRI to acquire susceptibility-weighted 3D gradient echo (GRE) images with 0.1 mm isotropic spatial resolution. ASSESSMENT The 3D GRE images were used to manually segment the cartilage overlying the femoral head and were subsequently postprocessed using QSM. Vessel volume, cartilage volume, and vessel density were measured and compared between operated and control femoral heads at each timepoint. Maximum intensity projections of the QSM images were subjectively assessed to identity differences in cartilage canal appearance, location, and density. STATISTICAL TESTS Paired t-tests with Bonferroni correction were used (P < 0.008 considered significant). RESULTS Increased vascularity of the epiphyseal cartilage following ischemic injury was clearly identified using QSM. No changes were detected 48 hours after surgery. Vessel volume, cartilage volume, and vessel density were all increased in the operated vs. control femoral heads 4 weeks after surgery (P = 0.001, 0.002, and 0.001, respectively). Qualitatively, the increase in vessel density at 4 weeks was due to the formation of new vessels that were organized in a brush-like orientation in the epiphyseal cartilage, consistent with the histological appearance of neovascularization. DATA CONCLUSION QSM can detect neovascularization in the epiphyseal cartilage following ischemic injury to the femoral head. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:106-113.
Microfluidically reconfigurable antennas

In this chapter is to present an overview of the microfluidically reconfigurable antennas by discussing antenna examples from the recent literature. The subsequent section briefly summarizes the fabrication and actuation techniques employed by several research groups. As a representative example, fabrication steps followed in for construction of a microfluidics-based mm-wave beam-steering antenna array. The remaining sections group the discussion on the microfluidically reconfigurable antennas under “flexible and stretchable liquid metal antennas”, “frequency-reconfigurable liquid metal antennas”, “reconfigurable antennas using dielectric liquids”, “beam-steerable liquid metal antennas”, and “reconfigurable antennas using microfluidically repositionable metallized plates”.
Factors influencing endangered bat conservation management by professional foresters

Abstract Integration of conservation efforts that benefit endangered species in forest lands of the U.S. are highly dependent on the decisions made by professional foresters. Federal guidelines generally do not require private landowners to search for endangered species before conducting forest management activities. Because private lands make up 85% of Indiana’s forests, recommendations by professional foresters can influence a large proportion of the management decisions made on Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) habitat in the state. Thus, we wanted to determine what factors lead professional foresters in Indiana to adopt management strategies that benefit bat conservation. We conducted an online survey of Indiana consultant and state foresters to address two main objectives: (1) to assess forester understanding of guidelines for adequate bat habitat, and (2) to identify the factors that influence professional forester intention to manage forests to improve bat habitat quality. For a subset of survey respondents, we also determined whether forester intent to manage for Indiana bat habitat translated to on-the-ground behavior via an assessment of their stands marked for single-tree selection harvest. We found that most respondents knew some of the forest management guidelines for the Indiana bat, but few were familiar with all guidelines. Through structural equation modeling, we determined that intention to manage forests for the Indiana bat was influenced most by whether foresters believed following the guidelines would strongly influence the conservation of the species. We found a difference in the relative strength (path loading) of this factor between government and consultant foresters. We assessed the management decisions of a subsample of our survey respondents and found that respondent’s decisions aligned with their intention to maintain or create Indiana bat habitat. We suggest two strategies can be employed to improve the habitat management occurring on private lands in Indiana: (1) increasing forester knowledge of federal guidelines and (2) providing evidence to foresters that these guidelines directly contribute to Indiana bat conservation.
Prevalence of psychological distress, depression and suicidal ideation in an indigenous population in Panamá.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of serious psychological distress (SPD), depression, and suicidal ideation in an adult Indigenous population in Panama. Data were collected from 211 Kuna adults using a paper-based survey. Depression and suicidal ideation were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and SPD was measured using the Kessler-6. Univariate analyses were used to describe demographic variables, followed by chi2 tests to compare differences in demographic variables for each of the mental health outcomes (depression, serious psychological distress, suicidal ideation). A regression model, adjusted for all demographic variables, was then run for each mental health outcome to understand independent correlates. Within the sample surveyed, 6.2% (95% CI 3.4–10.4) reported serious psychological distress, 32.0% (95% CI 25.7–38.9) reported depression, and 22.9% (95% CI 17.4–29.1) reported suicidal ideation. Significant demographic differences existed with 14% of individuals between the age of 60–90 and 17% of individuals with no education reporting SPD. Women were nearly 5 times more likely to report depression than men (OR 4.90, 95% CI 1.27–19.00) and those with higher incomes were less likely to report depression (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.13–0.78). High levels of depression, SPD, and suicidal ideation were present in an Indigenous Kuna community in Panama. Women and individuals with low income were more likely to report depression, and SPD was more common in older individuals and those with low levels of education. Suicidal ideation was high across all demographic factors, suggesting that a community-wide program to address suicide may be warranted.
Charting the hidden City: Collecting prison social network data

Abstract Penologists have long emphasized the importance of studying social relationships among prisoners to understand how people adapt to confinement. While several penological traditions clearly implicate social networks as an explanatory mechanism, network methods have rarely been applied in prison research. We suspect that prison scholars have been slow to incorporate social networks into their research because of the challenges—both real and perceived—of collecting social network data in the prison setting. In this article, we argue that successfully collecting network data from prisoners can be achieved by carefully adapting methods to the peculiarities and constraints of the prison setting. We draw upon experiences from the Prison Inmate Networks Study (PINS) and its associated projects in five Pennsylvania prisons to construct a framework for understanding and overcoming the obstacles to network data collection in prisons.
Brain temperature and its role in physiology and pathophysiology: Lessons from 20 years of thermorecording

It is well known that temperature affects the dynamics of all physicochemical processes governing neural activity. It is also known that the brain has high levels of metabolic activity, and all ene...
Assessing vertical diffusion and cyanobacteria bloom potential in a shallow eutrophic reservoir

Han Y, Smithheart JW, Smyth RL, Aziz TN, Obenour CR. 2019. Assessing vertical diffusion and cyanobacteria bloom potential in a shallow eutrophic reservoir. Lake Reserv Manage. 36:169–185.Harmful bl...
The Novelty of TNC Regulation

This chapter for the Cambridge Handbook on Law and Regulation of the Sharing Economy assesses the novelty of the legal framework under which Uber, Lyft and other "transportation network companies" (TNCs) are regulated in the US. It makes three main points. First, the chapter offers some historical context for analyzing the TNC regulatory regime. Second, it analyzes the content of that regime in light of the longstanding economic critique of traditional taxi regulation. Third, the chapter underscores the potential that the TNC regulatory regime could become a barrier to entry going forward.
UAS-based remote sensing applications on the Northern Colorado Limited Irrigation Research Farm

Abstract: USDA-ARS (Agricultural Research Service) Water Management and Systems Research Unit established a Limited Irrigation Research Farm (LIRF) inNorthern Colorado in 2008 to respond the urgent need of sustaining irrigated agriculture in semi-area regions with limited water resources and increasing population.Â Agricultural research has been conducted at this facility to optimize irrigation strategy, accurately quantify crop water use, develop sensor-based irrigation scheduling algorithms, and investigate physiological responses to crop water stress.Â An unmanned aerial system (UAS) was developed and used to collect multispectral and thermal imagery for irrigation and other field applications.Â The results in the study confirmed the capability of UAS to collect high-quality, high spatial and temporal resolution crop data for field-based agricultural applications and aid farmers to manage their water resources and sustain crop production in a more advanced way. Keywords: NDVI, CRSI, CWSI, maize, water stress, genotype, yield DOI: Â 10.33440/j.ijpaa.20190202.50. Â Citation: Zhang H, Yemoto K.Â UAS-based remote sensing applications on the Northern Colorado Limited Irrigation Research Farm. Â Int J Precis Agric Aviat, 2019; 2(2): 1â€“10.
Performance of Commercial Colorimetric Assays for Quantitation of Total Soluble Protein in Thermally Treated Milk Samples

Commercial colorimetric protein assays have been widely used, but their performance for protein quantitation in thermally processed milk samples has not been investigated. This study evaluated four colorimetric assays for quantitation of soluble protein in nonfat milk samples that were subjected to different degrees of heat treatment. Copper ion-based Pierce™ bicinchoninic acid protein assay (BCA) and Pierce™ modified Lowry protein assay (modified Lowry) consistently registered higher protein levels than those determined by dye binding-based Pierce™ Coomassie Plus (Bradford) assay (Coomassie Plus) or Pierce™ 660-nm protein assay (660-nm). When milk samples were autoclaved or dry-heated at ≥ 121 °C for 10 min, reduction in soluble protein content was reflected in measurements of Coomassie Plus and 660-nm assays but was not indicated by BCA or modified Lowry assays. In samples dry-heated at 176 °C, while no protein was detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Coomassie Plus or 660-nm, BCA, and modified Lowry indicated protein levels that were 215.7 and 79.4%, respectively, of those of unheated samples. Analysis of lactose samples showed that lactose may contribute to a 13.4 or 1.0% overestimation in BCA or modified Lowry measurement of protein content in unheated dry milk samples. This study demonstrated that quantitation of protein in thermally treated milk samples using copper ion-based BCA and modified Lowry assays could be significantly affected by lactose and, to a greater degree, other reducing substances formed during heating likely via the caramelization and Maillard reaction pathways. In contrast, dye binding-based Coomassie Plus and 660-nm assays were not affected and may be more accurate for measurement of protein content in thermally treated milk samples.
Mindfulness-based therapies for rumination

Abstract In this chapter, I review the potential of mindfulness-related therapies to treat rumination and worry. Although these treatments were originally developed without rumination explicitly in mind, their efficacy for decreasing repetitive though is robust. I begin by explaining the concepts of mindfulness and related constructs, as well as traditional ways of cultivating mindfulness. I then review the basic literature—both correlational and experimental—linking mindfulness-related constructs to rumination. Finally, the chapter ends with descriptions of various mindfulness-based treatments and evidence of their efficacy for reducing rumination and worry.
Health Care Financing and Delivery in the US, Mexico and Canada: Finding and Establishing Intentional Principles for Sound Integration

This article explores whether and how to integrate the financing and delivery of health care services in North America. First, the article describes the process of economic integration since World War II in Europe and the Americas. This discussion describes the provisions in various treaties that affect domestic health care sectors and focuses on how the European Union (EU) has addressed domestic health sectors in the integration and accession processes as a possible model for North America. Second, the article describes the health sectors in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. This section analyzes the comparative performance of the three orth American health sectors and the impact of the North American Free Trade Agreement NAFTA) on these sectors. Finally, the article sets forth three principles that should ensure the protection of health care sectors in the process of economic integration.
Slip-free multiplication and complexity of dislocation networks in FCC metals

During plastic deformation of crystalline solids, intricate networks of dislocation lines form and evolve. To capture dislocation density evolution, prominent theories of crystal plasticity assume that 1) multiplication is driven by slip in active slip systems and 2) pair-wise slip system interactions dominate network evolution. In this work, we analyze a massive database of over 100 discrete dislocation dynamics simulations (with cross-slip suppressed), and our findings bring both of these assumptions into question. We demonstrate that dislocation multiplication is commonly observed on slip systems with no applied stress and no plastic strain rate, a phenomenon we refer to as slip-free multiplication. We show that while the formation of glissile junctions provides one mechanism for slip-free multiplication, additional mechanisms which account for the influence of coplanar interactions are needed to fully explain the observations. Unlike glissile junction formation which results from a binary reaction between a pair of slip systems, these new multiplication mechanisms require higher order reactions that lead to complex network configurations. While these complex configurations have not been given much attention previously, they account for about 50% of the line intersections in our database.