cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructure of the Squid Axon Membrane as Revealed by Freeze-Fracture Electron Microscopy

1. The structure of the axolemma of the squid giant axon was studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. 2. Three types of preparations were examined: intact axons, axons with their Schwann cell sheaths stripped off prior to freezing, and axons with their Schwann cell sheaths chemically detached but not mechanically removed. 3. Because of a problem of cross-fracturing, the first two types of preparations revealed very few membrane faces of the axolemma. This cross-fracturing problem, however, was eliminated when we used a complementary replication method to fracture the third type of preparation. 4. We found that the E-face of the axon membrane was smooth relative to the P-face, which showed many prominent intramembrane particles (IMP). The diameters of the typical IMP range from 6 to 15 nm. 5. The P-face of the adjacent Schwann cells also showed many large IMP. The sizes and heights of the Schwann-cell IMP, however, appear to be more homogeneous than the P-face axolemma. 6. On the basis of existing physiological and biochemical information about the estimated size and density of the so-called sodium-channel proteins, we suspect that some of the IMP at the P-face of the axolemma, especially those with diameters between 9 and 11 nm, may be associated with the intramembrane component of the sodium channels.
Expression and functional analysis of the Wnt/beta-catenin induced mir-135a-2 locus in embryonic forebrain development.

Background Brain size and patterning are dependent on dosage-sensitive morphogen signaling pathways – yet how these pathways are calibrated remains enigmatic. Recent studies point to a new role for microRNAs in tempering the spatio-temporal range of morphogen functions during development. Here, we investigated the role of miR-135a, derived from the mir-135a-2 locus, in embryonic forebrain development.
Absence of Biological Effects of Orally Administered Interferon-βser

ABSTRACT To assess biological effectiveness of interferon (IFN) administered orally, we measured serum IFN and several proteins and metabolites induced by IFN after oral administration of 2.5 mg or...
Reproducing the Nation

Sociologist Ozlem Altiok discusses the recent efforts to further restrict abortion in Turkey. She argues that these efforts are part of an effort to manage the population by disciplining women’s fertility under a new “reproductive governmentality.”
Pre-injection brine production in CO2 storage reservoirs: An approach to augment the development, operation, and performance of CCS while generating water

Abstract Two of the most important challenges facing the global energy sector are to reduce the CO2 intensity and the water intensity of energy production. Because many economies will continue to depend on fossil fuels as primary energy sources, CO2 capture and storage (CCS) must play a major role in curbing CO2 emissions. A large portion of CO2 storage will need to occur in saline reservoirs because these resources are more widely distributed than hydrocarbon resources—where CO2 capture utilization and storage (CCUS) can be deployed for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). CCS deployment can be accelerated with a pressure-management strategy, called pre-injection brine production that proactively manages project risks linked to reservoir pressure. In this approach, a CCS wellfield is deployed sequentially, one well at a time, with each well being used for three stages: (1) monitoring, (2) brine production, and (3) CO2 injection. Using the same well to produce brine before injecting CO2 provides pre-injection reservoir diagnostics needed for proactive planning of wellfield operations. Because pressure drawdown is greatest where CO2 injection will subsequently occur, reservoir pressure is efficiently managed per well, and per unit of removed brine. This approach to managing geologic CO2 storage can (1) identify resources with sufficient CO2 storage capacity and permanence, and provide information needed to effectively manage those resources prior to injecting CO2; (2) increase CO2 storage capacity and efficiency; (3) limit pore-space competition with neighboring subsurface operations; and (4) reduce the duration of post-injection site care and monitoring, while (5) creating the opportunity to generate water, using an emerging CCUS technology called enhanced water recovery (EWR). Although beneficial consumptive use of produced brine may be preferred in water-constrained regions, there may be situations where the brine composition is not economically treatable, which could necessitate reinjecting some or all of the produced brine into a separate reservoir. In this study we consider a range of brine-disposition options, from 100% reinjection in the subsurface to near zero net injection of fluid, which maximizes the water generation benefit per tonne of stored CO2. These options are analyzed for a case where a nearby saline reservoir overlying a CO2 storage reservoir is used to store some or all of the brine removed from the CO2 storage reservoir.
Surgical Approaches for Failed Jejunoileal Bypass and Failed Gastric Bypass

If preoperative preparation is adequate and extended postoperative follow-up care is provided, less than 5 per cent of patients with bypass procedures should require remedial operations. For those who do require reintervention, a jejunoileal bypass can be converted to a gastric bypass, and a gastric bypass to a jejunoileal bypass.
Federal policy leading the way in emergency medical services.

he most influential piece of federal legislation during my 30-year tenure with the North Carolina Office of Emergency Medical Services (NC OEMS), the last 15 as the state Emergency Medical Services (EMS) director, was creation of the EMS program at the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Since then, federal EMS legislation, programs, and agencies have profoundly impacted the evolution of EMS throughout our nation and my personal career in North Carolina. Federal EMS legislation permitted NHTSA to 1) assist states and local communities with the purchase of ambulances; 2) fund for automobile extrication courses; 3) provide national-level guidance and support to evolving EMS systems; and 4) standardize emergency medical technician (EMT) training across the nation. The NHTSA also made the term EMT a household word and created a universally recognized symbol for EMS, the blue “Star of Life.” The 1973 National EMS Systems Act helped shaped state legislation including that of North Carolina. The NHTSA state EMS assessments and reassessments program, a program supporting expert team evaluations of state EMS systems, continues to help guide the development of state EMS systems. NHTSA publications, such as the EMS Agenda for the Future and its various spin-off documents including the EMS Education Agenda for the Future: A Systems Approach, the EMS Research Agenda for the Future, and others, encouraged the nation to adopt a collaborative, consensus-based, and forward-thinking approach to EMS issues. The passage of the Emergency Medical Services Systems (EMSS) Act of 1973 brought positive changes to EMS. Health care provided in the hospital could now be extended into the community 1 and mechanisms were now available for funding the development of regional EMS systems. 2 The EMSS Act brought much needed recognition to emergency medicine as a field of medicine. 3 It also placed substantial obligations on hospitals
Plasma Vitamin-A Levels in Children on CAPD:

Accumulation of vitamin A in patients with renal failure was first described in the 1940's. This study reports dietary intake and plasma concentration of vitamin A in children undergoing CAPD. Dial...
Laser Performance of Gamma Irradiated Nd-Doped Materials Longitudinally Pumped at 0.8 µm

The performance of longitudinally pumped Nd:YAG (YLF, Cr:GSGG) using 0.8 pm light was evaluated before and after exposure to 6oCo gamma radiation. The host materials included in this study were YAG, Cr:GSGG, and YLF. The cw unirradiated optical-tooptical slope efficiencies for Nd:YAG and Nd:YLF were 63% and were found to degrade to 50% and 36% after 600 kRads of irradiation.
Dual Process Theories and Moral Deliberation

This chapter discusses the history of decision-making theory and the development of dual process theories of cognition. The two cognitive processes involved in those theories are respectively characterized as an experiential/intuitive process, largely rooted in biological and nonconscious elements but shaped by social/environmental factors (Type 1) and a reflective/analytic process that is formal, mathematical, and entirely conscious (Type 2). The character and variety of dual process theories are discussed. Attention is then given to dual process theories of moral judgment, particularly the social intuitionist model of Jonathan Haidt and the dual process model of Joshua Greene. The strengths and weaknesses of these models are argued to reside either in their too great of reliance on Type 2 cognitions or their flimsy characterizations of Type 1 cognitions.
Crystal-Storing Histiocytosis: An Important Cytology Cue for Diagnosis of a Lymphoproliferative Process

Crystal-storing histiocytosis (CSH) is a rare manifestation of a B-cell lymphoproliferative process characterized by intrahistiocytic accumulation of crystallized immunoglobulin involving multiple body sites. We report a case of localized CSH with marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) involving a retroperitoneal lymph node at the left renal hilum. The patient was a 77-year-old man who had hematuria in 2008. On ultrasonography, nephrolithiasis …
Introduction: Patterns and Drivers

Definitions and Classifications of Forest Ecosystems Forests, which can be defined as woody plant communities in areas that are large enough to modify the local environment and microclimate (Chang, 2002), currently cover 3.8 billion hectares, roughly 30% of the Earth's land surface (FAO, 2010). Approximately 25% of the world's forested area is located in Europe, followed by South America (21%), North and Central America (17%), Africa (17%), Asia (15%), and Oceania (5%) (Table 1.1). The most extensive forest biomes are tropical, boreal, and temperate (Figure 1.1). Tropical forests cover approximately 1.76 billion hectares (or 42% of the world's forested area), followed by boreal forests with their roughly 1.37 billion hectares (or ~33% of the world's forests), and temperate forests (1.04 billion hectares, or 25% of the world's forested areas) (IPCC, 2000). Forest ecosystems play a fundamental role in the dynamics of the Earth system and provide services of great environmental, societal, and economic value. They are a major determinant of the regional and global climate (Chapter 2), modulate water and nutrient cycling (Chapter 3), and provide invaluable resources and services (Chapter 5) that have played a crucial role for the social, economic, and cultural development of several civilizations. Depending on how resources derived from forests are used, they can be either renewable (i.e., not depleted) or nonrenewable (Chang, 2002). Moreover, the rise and fall of several civilizations in human history have been determined by their use and overuse of forests (Box 1.1). This book is concerned with the ongoing phenomenon of global deforestation (Box 1.2). This Introduction and the following chapters will discuss the major drivers along with the environmental and societal implications of deforestation. It will also analyze social-environmental processes that affect the stability and resilience of forest ecosystems and their ability to recover after deforestation. Box 1.1 Deforestation and the Collapse of Past Civilizations Geographers and anthropologists have often related the decline of past civilizations to environmental degradation resulting from deforestation. Deforestation might have triggered the collapse of the Viking, Maya, Anasazi, and Rapa Nui civilizations (Diamond, 2005; Turner and Sabloff, 2012). In most of these cases, deforestation enhanced soil erosion, thereby leading to the permanent loss of soil resources. In Chapter 4, we will discuss some positive feedbacks that could prevent forest regeneration.
Local and systemic immune responses during C. pylori infections

Campylobacter pylori is a Gram negative, flagellated microaerophilic bacterium which is characterised by its abundant urease production. This organism colonises the mucosa of the human gastric antrum where its presence is invariably associated with histologically defined chronic gastritis. The majority of patients colonised with C.pylori elicit a significant immune response detectable by ELISA techniques. Despite this immune response infection, once acquired, is apparently lifelong. We have investigated the ineffectiveness of this response by analysing the specificity of antibodies produced systemically and locally. Additionally we have analysed the types of immunocompetent cells infiltrating the gastric mucosa using immunohistological techniques.
A simulation model for performance evaluation of ISDN user part basic call control procedures

A preliminary integrated services digital network (ISDN) model is developed that incorporates basic features such as voice and data call generation, call setup for circuit-switched calls, packet-switched signaling, transmission of low-rate data on the signaling channel, and selectable number of nodes, link capacities, and connectivities. The model concentrates mainly on the basic call control procedures of the ISDN user part of the CCITT Signaling System No.7 in conjunction with D-channel protocols. The primary objective of the ISDN simulation model is to aid in understanding the performance of the ISDN protocols. In the design mode, it may be used to evaluate a number of potential architectures consisting of various message traffic/workload scenarios with different mix of voice and data traffic, resource additions and expansions and congestion handling. The model produces statistical measures of network utilization and call blockage that can be used to evaluate the effect of changes in network topology. routing algorithms, and traffic. The architecture and input/output formats of the model are described. Some numerical results from sample runs are given. >
Understanding Decision—Making Among Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers Via the Study of Lithic Technological Organization

AbstractDifferential use of lithic raw materials by prehistoric hunter-gatherers has become a common theme in lithic technological organization studies over the last forty years. These studies are largely oriented toward economic, technological, and subsistence decisions of prehistoric hunter-gatherers; however, there is great potential in lithic analysis to study the role of social, political, and other non-techno-economic forces in shaping human decision-making. This paper attempts to determine the contexts in which we can evaluate lithic raw material choices that may be related more to sociocultural than to economic or technological factors. In so doing, I discuss three case studies from the eastern United States in which typical lithic technological organizational logic may not explain lithic raw material variability. The case studies provide insight into the role of non-techno-economic behavior in the composition of lithic assemblages at archaeological sites. By considering these factors of lithic as...
Reliability of graph metrics derived from resting-state human EEG

It is increasingly appreciated that a complete description of brain functioning will necessarily involve the characterization of large-scale interregional temporal synchronization of neuronal assemblies. The need to capture the dynamic formation of such large-scale networks has yielded a renewed interest in the human EEG in combination with a suite of methods for estimating functional connectivity along with the graph theoretical approaches for characterizing network structure. While initial work has established generally good reproducibility for a limited selection of these graph theoretical measures, there remains an obvious need to document the reproducibility of a more extensive array of commonly used graph metrics. We sought to evaluate the test-retest reliability of a much richer suite of graph theoretic measures as applied to weighted networks derived from high-density resting-state human EEG. Our findings were promising overall, with some important qualifications when considering the frequency bands of interest and the method used to calculate functional connectivity as well as some substantial variance between individual graph metrics. In general, the reliability of networks in the α and β frequency bands was improved when functional connectivity was defined solely on the basis of relative phase distributions. In the δ and θ bands, reliability was substantially better when functional connectivity was based on coherence, which incorporates both phase and amplitude information.
Balancing the Human Touch with the Need for Integrating Technology in Ambulatory Surgical Environments: Barriers and Facilitators to Nursing Work and Care Team Interactions

Ambulatory surgical environments are dynamic and complex, involving coordination across multiple groups of care providers and requiring numerous sources and handoffs of information. As in other areas of healthcare, these settings have grown increasingly complex over the years with the integration of new equipment and technology such as electronic medical records. However, little thought has been given to the design of workspaces in these settings to support evolving work processes and emerging technologies. The purpose of this research study was to understand nurses' work patterns in preoperative and postoperative workspaces of ambulatory surgery centers, and to identify environmental design strategies that support or act as barriers to critical interactions between care teams due to the integration of new technologies. In-depth case studies were conducted at two ambulatory surgery centers using a multimethod approach consisting of behavior mapping, shadowing, spatial analysis, and semi-structured interviews with nursing staff. The study data were collected over two consecutive days at each site. The majority of patient care activities such as bedside care and charting were carried out directly with the patient in the patient bays. Nurses were observed standing or walking for approximately 70% of the observations, and face-to-face interactions were dominant in both case studies regardless of the technology implemented. Key environmental facilitators and barriers to nurses' work in surgery centers include: accessibility, flexibility, visibility, size, and privacy. Architects and interior designers can play an important role in designing human-centered work environments for nurses in surgical settings that effectively support the critical tasks and interactions that must take place. Designing work systems requires a human-factors approach to design that examines the range of activities, interactions, people, technology, and design of the workspace and its elements.
Perioperative considerations in infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy

Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy is a rare neurological disorder that is universally fatal with life expectancy under 10 years. A 10-year-old boy with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy and severe neuromuscular scoliosis underwent posterior spinal fusion following halo traction. He was successfully extubated to bilevel positive airway pressure on postoperative day 3 and discharged home on postoperative day 11. Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy presents several perioperative challenges including concerns for difficult intubation and respiratory dysfunction.
Uncovering Turmoil in Stable Budgets

In Chap.4, congressional funding data provided by the Army for 1,152 programs over six fiscal years will show that Congress modifies over 40 percent of program funding requests during the budget review process each fiscal year. This is much different from what you might assume given evidence from both domestic and defense budgets over the past 25 years. Program funding is markedly non-incremental and is not confined to a particular or consistent subset of programs. Individual program funding fluctuates wildly as political and programmatic battles are won and lost, contrary to the conventional portrait of an immovable budget. Significant program funding variance occurs both relative to the previous year’s appropriations and the President’s current budget request.
Bi-directional crystallization of Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 assisted with back/front Ge nanolayers

In the last years, kesterite based solar cells have achieved conversion efficiencies that although relatively low, are very attractive for the photovoltaic industry. The main efficiency limitations are related to the complexity of this material, and into a large extent are linked to the uncontrolled formation of grain boundaries and their nature. In this work we present an innovative approach based on the bi-directional crystallization of Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 (CZTSe) absorbers by using combined back/front Ge nanolayers. In common CZTSe layers we observe two type of grain boundaries (GBs) with very different composition: horizontal and vertical ones. The use of this innovative bi-directional crystallization strategy allows us to reduce the horizontal-type GBs density, demonstrating a high impact on the solar cell devices parameters. In particular, FF and J sc are largely improved, correlating with the reduction of the series resistance associated to the elimination of the horizontal GBs, and permitting to easily achieve efficiencies exceeding 10%.
Fetal Spinal Cord Transplantation after Spinal Cord Injury: Around and Back Again

Embryonic spinal cord tissue has been used as a source of progenitors for spinal cord injury repair for more than 30 years. The earliest experimental studies successfully demonstrated that cells obtained from fetal spinal cord (FSC) tissue thrive and integrate anatomically and functionally with the surrounding neuropil of the injured adult host spinal cord. In recent years, efforts to expand the progenitor cell populations and parallel studies to identify alternative cell sources have combined in improved methods and renewed enthusiasm for the possibility of using immature neural stem cells and progenitors to enable functional repair of gray matter damage. This chapter provides a historical context of the use of FSC tissue as a tool for examining strategies aimed at replacing or amplifying interneuronal populations in the injured spinal cord. A brief discussion follows of the potential and future goals for developing neural progenitors for individualized approaches to modify and improve functional recovery after spinal cord injury.
Radiation therapy in carcinoma of the prostate: a contributing cause of urinary incontinence.

Abstract We believe that radiation therapy as a postoperative adjuvant or preceding salvage prostatectomy for carcinoma is particularly conducive to the complication of urinary incontinence by virtue of its sclerosing effect on residual sphincter mechanisms. Obviously, such dual therapy will continue to prevail in the foreseeable future but patients should be notified of the added risk and be prepared for further treatment of the incontinence. Unfortunately, these patients have an extra risk of complications and failure from anti-incontinence operations.
Mortgage Delinquency Migration: An Application of Maximum Entropy Econometrics

Executive Summary. Defaulting on a mortgage represents the ultimate consequence of past decisions to delay payment. As such, a better understanding of the probability of default is obtainable from ...
Tibetan High and Upper Tropospheric Tropical Circulations during Northern Summer

The zonally asymmetric climatology of the tropical large-scale motion field is an interesting GARP topic. Understanding of the maintenance of various quasi-stationary features will be a challenging...
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome presenting as an isolated primary intraventricular hemorrhage.

Primary intraventricular hemorrhage is an uncommon cause of stroke and is often associated with longstanding, uncontrolled hypertension. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction is also an uncommon condition characterized by reversible constriction of intracerebral vessels, which can lead to ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes. We describe a case of isolated primary intraventricular hemorrhage secondary to reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome triggered by pseudoephedrine. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome is a rare cause of primary intraventricular hemorrhage and should be considered in the differential in angiography-negative IVH when there is a history of vasoactive substance use.
Making COPD Self-Management Education Work.

The chronic nature of COPD requires that individuals manage their changing condition over time to optimize their quality of life, reduce exacerbations, and limit dyspnea.[1][1] This month's issue of Respiratory Care explores 2 broad topics of COPD self-management education from the perspective of
Large E0-E2 Mixing Observed in Gd154

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the large E0-E2 mixing observed in Gd154. Several investigations have been made to verify the prediction that E0 radiation could compete with M1 and E2 radiations in nuclear decays between levels with the same spin and parity. Directional correlations between conversion electron and cascading gamma rays, which are sensitive to small E0 admixtures, have been the objects of investigations. The interpretations of the directional correlation measurements depend on the M1-E2 mixing ratio and the possibility of nuclear structure effects in the M1 and/or E2 conversion process. In the investigations of the decay of 16y Eu154 to levels in Gd154, the conversion coefficients of the transitions from the 2+ and 4+ levels of the beta vibrational bands to the 2+ and 4+ members of the ground state rotational band respectively have been measured. These transitions are found to have large E0 admixtures with the E2 radiations.
Time-Dependent Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid Metal Ions Following Aneurysm Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Their Association with Cerebral Vasospasm

Aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage affects 10 in 100,000 people annually, 40 % of whom will develop neurological deficits from ischemic stroke caused by cerebral vasospasm. Currently, the underlying mechanisms are uncertain. Metal ions are important modulators of neuronal electrophysiological conduction and smooth muscle cell activity, thereby potentially contributing to vasospasm. We hypothesized that metal ion concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after aneurysm rupture would change over time and be associated with vasospasm. To test this hypothesis, for 21 days, we collected CSF from patients with aneurysmal rupture and subjected it to spectrometry to detect metals. A repeated measures analysis was performed to analyze concentration changes over time. Six of the seven patients with aneurysmal rupture experienced vasospasm, all resolving by day 14. Changes in Fe2+ and Zn2+ concentrations in the CSF paralleled the incidence of vasospasm in this study population. Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cu2+ concentrations exhibited no statistically significant changes over time. In conclusion, Fe2+ concentration in the CSF was significantly elevated during days 7–10, whereas Zn2+ concentrations spiked shortly thereafter, during days 11–14. This suggests that Fe2+ may be related to the induction of vasospasm and Zn2+ may be a marker of early brain injury secondary to ischemic injury and inflammation.
Identifying trends in worship space acoustics: 3 decades of design

Worship Space Acoustics: 3 Decades of Design—published by the Acoustical Society of America in 2016—is a book rich with detailed acoustic and architectural information for 67 worship venues with diverse acoustic designs. The venues represent a range of worship space types, various geographic locations around the globe, an assortment of architectural typologies, and a variety of sizes (including seating capacities ranging from 100 to 21,000). This project aimed to synthesize the acoustic and written content presented in the book in order to identify design trends across the 67 venues. Qualitative data included venue typology, location of materials, sound system design, floor plate and room shape, intended use of space, and noise sources, which were mined and analyzed using text analytics software. Quantitative data included reverberation time, background noise level, seating capacity, and room volume. By compiling the various qualitative and quantitative data across all venues, acoustic data and design strategies were synthesized to illustrate popular trends in worship space acoustic design over the last three decades.Worship Space Acoustics: 3 Decades of Design—published by the Acoustical Society of America in 2016—is a book rich with detailed acoustic and architectural information for 67 worship venues with diverse acoustic designs. The venues represent a range of worship space types, various geographic locations around the globe, an assortment of architectural typologies, and a variety of sizes (including seating capacities ranging from 100 to 21,000). This project aimed to synthesize the acoustic and written content presented in the book in order to identify design trends across the 67 venues. Qualitative data included venue typology, location of materials, sound system design, floor plate and room shape, intended use of space, and noise sources, which were mined and analyzed using text analytics software. Quantitative data included reverberation time, background noise level, seating capacity, and room volume. By compiling the various qualitative and quantitative data across all venues, acoustic data and design str...
Can asthma be well controlled with NAEPP guideline care in morbidly obese children? The Breathmobile.

Abstract Background Obesity is thought to be associated with poor asthma control, increased health resource utilization, and reduced responsiveness to inhaled corticosteroids. Objective Based on previous experience, our hypothesis was that by improved access to comprehensive guideline care, outcomes in normal weight would be comparable in obese children with asthma. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of predominately Hispanic children (3-18 years of age) in underserved areas of Orange County, California, who enrolled in the Breathmobile Program from 2003 to 2012. Outcomes were examined by using Cox regression and generalized estimating equations analyses, adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results Clinical outcomes in more than 1,200 children followed up for a mean of 6 visits (standard deviation [SD] = 2.2) across 403 days (SD = 112) were improved, on average, regardless of body mass index (BMI). Morbidly obese (MOB) patients were able to achieve significant reductions of approximately 60% or more in report of emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, school absenteeism, usual exercise limitations, and exacerbations to levels that were comparable those of normal weight (NW) patients. The importance of close follow-up, particularly for the MOB patient, was evidenced by achieving 80% cumulative probability of well controlled asthma by visit 3, similar to patients in lower BMI risk groups with good adherence, when the visit interval did not exceed 90 days. These outcomes were achieved across all BMI groups with similar mean step of therapy, adjusted for severity (P Conclusion Access to effective community-based care where trust, education, and continuity of care consistent with National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) guidelines is possible, as demonstrated by the Breathmobile Program, can provide an opportunity for children with asthma in all BMI categories to achieve well-controlled disease.
Contents of a Bug-Out Bag

A large number of civilian agencies have published guides and recommendations on how to assemble personal and family emergency kits. However, the kits resulting from following these guidelines are impractical, particularly in the event evacuation becomes necessary. This report describes an alternative approach to assembling an emergency kit. OstrovskiyG, ShemeshAJ. Contents of a bug-out bag. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(6):647-649.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Transmission Among Persons With Acute HIV-1 Infection in Malawi: Demographic, Behavioral, and Phylogenetic Relationships

Background Understanding sexual networks involving acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infections (AHI) may lead to prevention opportunities to mitigate high rates of onward transmission. We evaluated HIV-1 phylogenetic and behavioral characteristics among persons with AHI and their referred partners. Methods Between 2012 and 2014, 46 persons with AHI in Malawi participated in a combined behavioral and biomedical intervention. Participants referred sexual partners by passive referral. Demographics and sexual behaviors were collected through interviews and HIV-1 genetic relationships were assessed with phylogenetics. Results Among 45 AHI participants with HIV-1 sequences, none was phylogenetically-linked with another AHI index. There were 19 (42%) AHI participants who referred a single partner that returned for testing. Most partners (n = 17) were HIV-infected, with 15 (88%) presenting with an established infection. There were 14 index-partner pairs that had sequences available; 13 (93%) pairs were phylogenetically-linked dyads. The AHI index was female in 7/13 (54%) dyads. Age-disparate relationships among dyads were common (≥5-year age difference in 67% of dyads), including 3/6 dyads involving a male index and a younger woman. Index participants with a referred partner were more likely to report no casual partners and to be living with their current partner than participants not in dyads. Conclusions Passive-partner referral successfully identified partners with genetically-similar HIV infections-the likely source of infection-but only 40% of index cases referred partners who presented for HIV-1 testing. Future work evaluating assisted partner notification may help reach susceptible partners or more people with untreated HIV-1 infections connected to acute transmission. Clinical trials registration NCT01450189.
Genetic differentiation between endemic Eriogonum soredium and its common relative E. shockleyi (Polygonaceae).

Discovering the extent of genetic differentiation between closely related taxa facilitates decisions regarding species protection under the Endangered Species Act. Here, we analyze genotype data to explore the relatedness of two buckwheat species: Eriogonum soredium, a narrow endemic under consideration for protection, and a widespread close relative, Eriogonum shockleyi. Eriogonum soredium grows only on Ordovician limestone outcroppings in west central Utah, whereas the range of E. shockleyi is broad, spanning the western United States from Colorado to California, and Idaho to Arizona. Eriogonum shockleyi is suspected of hybridizing with other buckwheats throughout this range. We detected higher levels of genetic diversity in E. shockleyi than in E. soredium, supporting the hypothesis that E. soredium is a derivative of E. shockleyi. We found moderate levels of admixture between the two taxa, implying the presence of incomplete reproductive barriers. Analysis of population structure revealed a genetic distinction between the two species. We found that genetic distance between samples is influenced more by taxon designation than geographic distance. Genetic evidence supports continued treatment of E. soredium as a distinct evolutionary entity.
Unpacking Resilience and Trauma: Examining the “Trump Effect” in Higher Education for Undocumented Latinx College Students

In response to the “Trump Effect”, or the negative climate in education following President Trump’s election, we examine the ways in which anti-immigration rhetoric from the recent election cycle and the elimination of DACA has influenced college experiences and trajectories of undocumented Latinx students. Using critical race theory, along with literature on trauma and resilience, we based our findings on three focus groups with 16 undocumented student participants, and highlight four emergent themes: (1) citizen fragility seemed pervasive and finding hope was deemed as challenging; (2) students experienced an increase of emboldened racist nativism on their college campuses; (3) the exploitation of undocumented student labor; and (4) shared solidarity was beneficial for student resilience. Findings illuminate how colleges and universities need to reconceptualize the notion of resilience by addressing systemic racist nativism in higher education.
Transparency: Transitioning From Human–Machine Systems to Human-Swarm Systems:

Swarm robotic systems are gaining in interest with the prospect of their use for various applications, including monitoring, tracking, infrastructure support, and protection. Prior human-swarm syst...
The Designing of Integrated Testing System for the Electric Power System in Large Civil Aircraft

A integrated testing platform for verifying the function of Variable Frequency Alternating Current (VFAC) electrical power system(EPS) for Civil aircraft is presented in this papers. The diverse functions of testing system are elaborated for the Aircraft function testing such as the power quality analysis, power distribution logic checking, system control and protective ability verification, and the communication testing with the Avionic system by the Avionics Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet (AFDX) bus. In this paper, The hardware scheme which is the distributed and network measuring system based on PXI-bus was proposed. The testing software which verified the function of EPS was developed by Labview software. The integrated testing platform can be simulated as Aircraft copper bird experimental platform which can send the on/off command of emulated Electric load to power generation and distribution subsystem, receive the status or fault information from Electric load and controlling or protective terminal device during different flight profile such as taxing, climbing, cruising operation stage. The power quality analysis algorithm also was developed on the testing system to verify the performance of the EPS. The function of overall testing system proposed is verified by experimental results.
School‐Based Health Centers as the Pediatric Expanded Medical Home

Background School-based health centers (SBHCs) provide primary and preventive health services and have been debated as possible medical homes for the pediatric population. The effect of a SBHC as an expanded medical home has yet to be determined. Objective The purpose of this paper was to review the research evaluating the use of SBHCs as a pediatric patient's expanded medical home. Methods The databases PubMed and CINAHL were searched for research articles pertaining to the value of using a SBHC as a pediatric medical home. Results SBHCs provide care that is accessible, coordinated, comprehensive, continuous, family-centered, compassionate, and mildly culturally effective for adolescents. Conclusions Community health systems and primary care providers should partner with SBHCs to establish an expanded medical home and promote greater coordination and continuity of care for adolescents.
Reading Comics Collaboratively and Challenging Literacy Norms

ABSTRACTThis article draws from a year-long ethnographic study documenting the use of comics in a school. Focusing on literacy work in a social studies classroom, it documents how comics were welco...
The Evolution and Development of Electric Organs

There have been six independent origins of electric organs within extant vertebrates. In each lineage, the electric organs are derived from either skeletal muscle precursors or from fully differentiated skeletal muscles. Remarkably little is known about the mechanisms underlying this process. With recently acquired genomics datasets from a diverse array of electric fishes, however, this is beginning to change. These new data provide an opportune time for a comprehensive review of electric organ development. This chapter provides a brief introduction on the prospects, progress, and major obstacles to understanding electric organ development, followed by a brief overview of skeletal muscle development. This is followed by a consideration of data accumulated over the past 150 years on electric organ development, ranging from early histological observations to the characterization of novel microRNAs that regulate electric organ development to the first attempts at examining mechanisms of development in comparative genomics framework. The purposes of this chapter are to (1) synthesize a broad literature on electric organ development; (2) introduce the reader to more recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of electric organ development that have occurred in the past 20-30 years; (3) consider these historical and more contemporary references in light of a new comparative study of gene expression across multiple lineages of electric fishes; (4) summarize the current broader themes in electric organ development; and (5) identify the needs for new research programs to answer lingering questions.
Minimal connected partitions of the sphere

We consider the soap bubble problem on the sphere S2, which seeks a perimeter-minimizing partition into n regions of given areas. For n = 4, it is conjectured that a tetrahedral partition is minimizing. We prove that there exists a unique tetrahedral partition into given areas, and that this partition has less perimeter than any other partition dividing the sphere into the same four connected areas. Page 2 RHIT Undergrad. Math. J., Vol. 11, No. 2
Beyond Borders: Jean Gerson’s Conciliarism in Late Medieval Spain

In recent years there has been renewed interest in conciliarism, the belief that the authority of the universal church resides in an ecumenical council, not the pope, though the perception remains that conciliarism had a negligible impact in Iberia. One way to better understand the evolution of conciliar thought in the Spanish kingdoms is by looking at the circulation of the works and ideas of the French conciliarist Jean Gerson (1363–1429). Though a complete reconstruction of Gerson’s circulation is impossible, one can offer an initial overview of his impact in the Spanish kingdoms not simply by counting manuscripts or incunabula, as valuable as that is, but by thinking broadly about networks of exchange and dissemination. Gerson’s works came to Spain through the church councils, trans-Pyrenees Carthusian networks, monastic reformers, printers and printing houses, mendicant reformers, and the library of the University of Salamanca.
Creating a virtual reality environment with a fusion of sUAS and TLS point-clouds

In recent years, immersive virtual reality has been used in disciplines such as engineering, sciences, and education. Point-cloud technologies such as laser scanning and unmanned aerial systems hav...
UTILIZATION AND OUTCOMES OF CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION IN PATIENTS ADMITTED WITH NON ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION

Infection control in patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infection(NSTEMI) with clostridium difficile infection(CDI) is challenging and may impact the likelihood of performing cardiac catheterization. Outcomes data regarding coronary intervention in this population is scarce. We sought
Fluorescence Anisotropy in Autofluorescence Imaging and Metabolic Interpretations

Multiphoton microscopy of reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide(phosphate) (NAD(P)H) is an excellent tool for exploring metabolism at the single-cell level. We present the application of fluorescence anisotropy in multiphoton autofluorescence imaging. We explore time-resolved methods that can be used for metabolic interpretations: 1) the time-resolved anisotropy, 2) time-gated anisotropy and 3) steady-state anisotropy methods. These imaging schemes are achieved using a time-correlated single-photon counting microscope, allowing simultaneous pixel-wise registration of fluorescence intensity, lifetime, and anisotropy. This tool is well-suited to identify the enzyme binding states and offer new biophysical definitions for NAD(P)H imaging. We demonstrate this hyperdimensional imaging modality under an open-sourced imaging platform.
The Role of Weightbearing Computed Tomography Scan in Hallux Valgus

Background:Hyperpronation of the first metatarsal in hallux valgus (HV) is poorly understood by conventional weightbearing radiography. We aimed to evaluate this parameter using weightbearing compu...
Alkali Metals and the Colour of Brown Dwarfs

I summarize some of the consequences for the optical and very-near-infrared spectra of T dwarfs (in particular) and brown dwarfs (in general) of their possible dominance by the neutral alkali metal lines. As a byproduct of this study, I estimate the true optical colour of “brown” dwarfs.
Survival Outcomes of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Combined With Radiation Versus Chemotherapy Alone After Pancreatectomy for Distal Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Single-Institution Experience.

Objective We evaluated survival outcomes in patients with distal pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (D-PDAC) after distal pancreatectomy (DP) and adjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent DP for D-PDAC from 2000 to 2015 at the Johns Hopkins Hospital was performed. Demographics, baseline risk factors, and type of adjuvant treatment were assessed for associations with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Comparisons were made with log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results A total of 294 patients underwent DP for D-PDAC. Of these, 105 patients were followed at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Forty-five patients received chemotherapy only and 60 patients received chemoradiation. The median OS with chemoradiation was 33.6 months and 27.9 months (P = 0.54) with chemotherapy only. The median DFS was 15.3 months with chemoradiation and 19.8 months with chemotherapy only (P = 0.89). Elevated carbohydrate antigen 19-9, stage II to III disease, splenic vein involvement, and vascular invasion were significant risk factors in multivariate analyses. Conclusions In this retrospective analysis, there were no significant differences in OS or DFS with chemoradiation compared with chemotherapy alone after DP in patients with D-PDAC.
Mechanical dysfunction of the sarcomere induced by a pathogenic mutation in troponin T drives cellular adaptation

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a leading cause of sudden cardiac death, is primarily caused by mutations in sarcomeric proteins. The pathogenesis of HCM is complex, with functional changes that span scales, from molecules to tissues. This makes it challenging to deconvolve the biophysical molecular defect that drives the disease pathogenesis from downstream changes in cellular function. In this study, we examine an HCM mutation in troponin T, R92Q, for which several models explaining its effects in disease have been put forward. We demonstrate that the primary molecular insult driving disease pathogenesis is mutation-induced alterations in tropomyosin positioning, which causes increased molecular and cellular force generation during calcium-based activation. Computational modeling shows that the increased cellular force is consistent with the molecular mechanism. These changes in cellular contractility cause downstream alterations in gene expression, calcium handling, and electrophysiology. Taken together, our results demonstrate that molecularly driven changes in mechanical tension drive the early disease pathogenesis of familial HCM, leading to activation of adaptive mechanobiological signaling pathways.