cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Highlight of the parallel session on QCD

Abstract I will give a critical review of the parallel session on QCD and the related talks in the Quark Matter'97 meeting.
Moving from capstones toward cornerstones: successes and challenges in applying systems biology to identify mechanisms of autism spectrum disorders

The substantial progress in the last few years toward uncovering genetic causes and risk factors for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has opened new experimental avenues for identifying the underlying neurobiological mechanism of the condition. The bounty of genetic findings has led to a variety of data-driven exploratory analyses aimed at deriving new insights about the shared features of these genes. These approaches leverage data from a variety of different sources such as co-expression in transcriptomic studies, protein-protein interaction networks, gene ontologies (GOs) annotations, or multi-level combinations of all of these. Here, we review the recurrent themes emerging from these analyses and highlight some of the challenges going forward. Themes include findings that ASD associated genes discovered by a variety of methods have been shown to contain disproportionate amounts of neurite outgrowth/cytoskeletal, synaptic, and more recently Wnt-related and chromatin modifying genes. Expression studies have highlighted a disproportionate expression of ASD gene sets during mid fetal cortical development, particularly for rare variants, with multiple analyses highlighting the striatum and cortical projection and interneurons as well. While these explorations have highlighted potentially interesting relationships among these ASD-related genes, there are challenges in how to best transition these insights into empirically testable hypotheses. Nonetheless, defining shared molecular or cellular pathology downstream of the diverse genes associated with ASDs could provide the cornerstones needed to build toward broadly applicable therapeutic approaches.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE STABILITY OF SPORT TEAM IDENTIFICATION

A handful of studies have investigated the stability of sport team ident~f~cdtion. Together, these studies indicate idenufication is a relatively stable trait that remains un.~tiected by team performance (1, 3). Given the recent unexpected success of our university's football team, we had an unique opportunity to examine the stability of team identification further. The football team's struggle to compile a 16-39 record over the previous five seasons was improved during 1995 (11-1 record and a top-ten national ranking). This sudden increase allowed comparison of data collected in 1992 with current data. If team identification is susceptible to a team's performance, fans attending a game during a successful season should report higher mean identification than those attending a game when the team was struggling. However, if identification is not affected by the team's performance (1, 3) there should be no difference between groups. Subjects (n= 110) were approached prior to a critical game during the 1995 season. The game pitted the home team (8-0 record) against a conference powerhouse, with the winner claiming the conference title and an automatic berth in the NCAA Division I-AA play-offs. Subjects completed the 7-item Sport Spectator Identification Scale (2). These data were compared with those collected in 1992 Or= 139). A one-way analysis of variance showed current spectators (M=5.2, SD= 1.9) did not report a higher mean rating than the 1992 spectators (M= 5.0, SD= 1.7; Fl,,,,=0.64, p>.40). Thus, consistent with past research (1, 3), sport team identification does not appear to be altered by team performance but seems relatively stable.
Synthesis of a dinucleating ligand with addressed ion binding sites

Abstract A ligand was synthesized that contains two binding sites, differentiated on the basis of size and donor atom. The binding profile for a series of amino acid guests suggest that the two binding sites are 6.5 A apart. Kinetic studies of hydrolysis of a model phosphodiester substrate by heterodinuclear complexes of the ligand suggest that one metal ion delivers a hydroxide nucleophile and the other increases substrate binding although not in the ideal geometry.
A90720A, a serine protease inhibitor isolated from a terrestrial blue-green alga Microchaete loktakensis

Abstract The isolation and structure elucidation of A90720A, 1 , a cyclic depsipeptide from the terrestrial blue-green alga Microchaete loktakensis is described. 1 was isolated on the basis of its thrombin inhibitory activity and its structure was determined using spectral methods and amino acid analysis. The absolute configurations of the constituent amino acids were found to be as follows: the nucleus contains L -threonine, L -arginine, L -3-amino-6-hydroxy-2-piperidone (Ahp, i.e., glutamic acid-γ-car☐aldehyde), L -leucine, L -N-methyl-tyrosine and L -valine. The side chain off the L -threonine amino group contains D -leucine, followed by a 3-O-sulfated R -glycerate moiety.
Jealousy and Rational Responses to Infidelity Across Gender and Culture

Buunk, Angleitner, Oubaid and Buss (this issue) offer even more evidence for our contention that responses to infidelity are based on a rational interpretation of the available evidence. They find that in cultures with less strict sanctions against extramarital sex than in the United States, people are relatively less troubled by sexual infidelity compared with emotional infidelity. The evolutionary argument proposed by Buunk et al. and by Buss, Larsen, Westen, and Semmelroth (1992) provides no ready explanation for this finding, but the rational argument does. People who think that sex can occur without love should be less troubled by sexual infidelity than people who think sex implies love because sexual infidelity does not imply to them that emotional infidelity has occurred as well. We have suggested that this "two-for-one" reasoning can explain the difference between men and women (and DeSteno & Salovey, this issue, suggest that this "double shot" can explain variability within the genders). The new evidence from Germany and the Netherlands suggests that this reasoning might explain the difference between the cultures equally well. If the Dutch indeed do think that a sexual indiscretion is less likely to be accompanied by emotional infidelity than Americans do, they should be less troubled by it. Of course, it would be nice to see the same questions that we used on Americans asked also of Dutch and German subjects, but there is reason to suspect the results would support the two-for-one hypothesis. Another piece of evidence that argues against the evolutionary position is the repeated finding that most men do not, as the theory predicts, find sexual infidelity more troubling than emotional infidelity. According to Buss and his colleagues, men have a specific innate mechanism for sexual jealousy that, in the ancestral past, developed as a means of reducing cuckoldry; emotional infidelity should be less bothersome to men because it had far fewer consequences for their inclusive fitness. However, the data do not support this view. At best, American men are equally divided on which form of infidelity is more distressing. The data from Germany and the Netherlands are even more problematic for the theory: The majority of men found emotional infidelity more distressing. For example, on one question, approximately 75% of Dutch men found emotional infidelity more distressing than sexual infidelity. (Similar results are reported in an earlier study of mainland Chinese; Geary, Rumsey, Bow-Thomas, & Hoard, 1995.) If avoidance of cuckoldry led to males developing a specific mechanism for sexual jealousy, why are the majority of men reporting greater distress over emotional infidelity? In the original article, Buss et al. (1992) suggested that although men have evolved to care about sexual infidelity, they
T-type calcium channels in adrenal glomerulosa cells: GTP-dependent modulation by angiotensin II.

Abstract With the use of whole-cell and single-channel current recordings, we have examined in more detail the site of action of angiotensin II (AII) on multiple populations of voltage-gated calcium channels in bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells. AII (10 nM) enhances whole-cell T-type calcium channel current and increases the activity of single T-type calcium channels in cell-attached patch recordings. The AII-induced enhancement of whole-cell calcium channel currents is dependent on the presence of internal GTP and can be inhibited by the competitive AII-receptor antagonist saralasin (1 microM). These results show that AII augments the T-type calcium channel current in bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells.
High-order harmonic generation in relativistic ionization of magnetically dressed atoms

We study the generation of high-order harmonics during the ionization process for atoms described by relativistic classical mechanics with a special focus on retardation and Doppler shifts. We will then extend the discussion to a regime for which the atom-laser interaction takes place in a static homogeneous magnetic field. We demonstrate theoretically the possibility to tune the strength of the magnetic field to relativistic resonances to enhance the frequency components in the scattered light harmonic signal. @S1050-2947~99!00810-0#
Explicit Hilbert spaces for certain unipotent representations

LetG be the universal cover of the group of automorphisms of a symmetric tube domain and letP=LN be its Shilov boundary parabolic subgroup. This paper attaches an irreducible unitary representation ofG to each of the (finitely many)L-orbits onn *. The Hilbert space of the representation consists of functions on the orbit which are square-integrable with respect to a certainL-equivariant measure. The representation remains irreducible when restricted toP, and descends to a quotient ofG which is, at worst, thedouble cover of a linear group. If theL-orbit isnot open (inn *), the construction gives a unipotent representation ofG.
Marketing UNterstate highways: bringing out-of-town dollars to non-destination small towns

by John L. Gann, Jr., Glen Ellyn, IL, Carpe Horam, 2009, 78 pp, $77.95.Marketing UNterstate Highways is not your typical community development book. It is a spiral bound, specialty-published instru...
A new computer method to quickly and accurately compute steady-state temperatures from ferromagnetic seed heating.

A new, very fast, yet accurate program, mgseed, has been developed that computes steady‐state temperatures from the three‐dimensional bioheat transfer equation due to heating by a ferromagnetic seed. Seeds have a self‐regulating power absorption characteristic such that their temperatures remain within a few degrees of their Curie transition point. The code is also very flexible, being able to model a seed of any orientation embedded in a tissue domain that can be inhomogeneous with respect to blood perfusion or thermal conductivity.mgseed uses multigrid (or multilevel) programming techniques as well as a finite volume discretization that exploits knowledge of the approximate shape of the temperature solution very near to a seed. These techniques allow the code to sample the seed very coarsely, requiring only one or two nodes to cross the seed. With these coarse samplings mgseed calculated very accurate temperatures in under 3 min of CPU time on a Sun Sparcstation 2. The accuracy of mgseed is demonstrated at different levels of perfusion by comparing its solution in a perpendicular plane that bisects the seed with the known analytical solution. The speed of mgseed is compared to other methods of solution and it is found that mgseed performs 14 times faster than successive over relaxation and conjugate gradient methods, and 2.5 times faster than a preconditioned (modified block incomplete Cholesky) conjugate gradient method. It is concluded that the techniques for discretization and solution incorporated into mgseed can greatly improve the flexibility and speed of hyperthermia treatment planning, which could ultimately lead to an increased level of control over treatment outcome.
Identifying research priorities for management under uncertainty: The estimation ability of the stock assessment method used for eastern Bering Sea snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio)

Abstract The fishery for snow crab in the eastern Bering Sea was declared overfished in 1999 and had by 2010 failed to rebuild in the time specified. A key component of the rebuilding plan for snow crab was the stock assessment on which management advice was based. In common with all stock assessments, there are numerous potential sources of uncertainty, but it is not clear which uncertainty is most influential, and hence how research should be focused to best reduce uncertainty. A simulation framework is used to explore the estimation ability of the assessment method when its assumptions are violated. The focus of this evaluation is on how well management quantities such as mature male biomass and the overfishing level can be estimated. Three categories of uncertainty are considered: mis-specification of pre-specified parameters, data quantity and/or quality, and assumptions in the assessment related to fishing mortality. Management quantities are estimated reasonably well when all assumptions of the stock assessment method are correct. Additional data on growth and natural mortality would be most beneficial. However, penalties on fishing mortality introduce bias into estimates, and survey selectivity patterns are poorly determined by the estimation method.
The effect of habitat heterogeneity on the population density of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L.

In each of eight sites in 2 years in Catamaran Brook and the Little Southwest Miramichi River, in New Brunswick, Canada, 36 boulders (median diameter = 0·20 m) were added to a 2 × 3 m quadrat in one treatment, all boulders were removed in another treatment, and one quadrat was left as a control. As predicted, adding boulders increased the density of salmonid fishes, primarily juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, by 2·8-fold, but had no significant effect on non-territorial fishes, primarily cyprinids and catostomids. Moreover, the effect of adding boulders was greatest for age 0+ year Atlantic salmon, intermediate for age 1+ year Atlantic salmon and had no effect on age 2+ year Atlantic salmon. The results suggest that adding boulders is an effective short-term technique for increasing the density of stream-dwelling salmonids.
Changes in Preservice Teachers' Perceptions of Conflicts and Tensions.

Abstract This study examined changes in preservice teachers' perceived types of conflicts and tensions, as well as reasons and strategies for coping with those conflicts and tensions during their year-long clinical experiences and in their first year of teaching. Participants most frequently cited conflicts and tensions related to curriculum and instruction, interpersonal relationships, role-definitions, and institutional relationships with their program and schools. As conflicts and tensions increased in all of these areas, participants' explanations shifted from blaming external factors to focusing more on themselves in relationship to these factors. Their strategies for coping with conflicts and tensions shifted from avoidance to expedient survival strategies to interrogation of their personal theories of teaching. Individual participants varied considerably in their abilities to reflect on conflicts and tensions in terms of their emerging personal theories.
Optimal window of caloric restriction onset limits its beneficial impact on T-cell senescence in primates.

We have recently shown in non-human primates that caloric restriction (CR) initiated during adulthood can delay T-cell aging and preserve naive CD8 and CD4 T cells into advanced age. An important question is whether CR can be initiated at any time in life, and whether age at the time of onset would modulate the beneficial effects of CR. In the current study, we evaluated the impact of CR started before puberty or during advanced age on T-cell senescence and compared it to the effects of CR started in early adulthood. Our data demonstrate that the beneficial effects of adult-onset CR on T-cell aging were lost by both early and late CR onset. In fact, some of our results suggest that inappropriate initiation of CR may be harmful to the maintenance of T-cell function. This suggests that there may be an optimal window during adulthood where CR can delay immune senescence and improve correlates of immunity in primates.
Stem Cells on the Brain

Mutations that cause autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH), including MCPH1 through MCPH6, have provided insight into the normal programming that directs brain growth and defines ultimate brain size. The common denominator in these mutations is that they all manifest within neural stem and progenitor cells, decreasing their numbers at various stages of neurogenesis. Microcephalin (MCHP1) and abnormal spindlelike, microcephaly associated (MCPH5) have been the focus of most of the research. However, the recent discovery of microcephaly caused by mutation of the N-myc (also MYCN) proto-oncogene both in mice, where it was directed specifically to neural stem cells, and in the germ line in humans in Feingold syndrome has shed new light on the role of neural stem cells in brain growth. N-myc controls brain growth not only by regulating neural stem cell proliferation, but also through maintaining a neural stem cell identity at least in part via a mechanism involving global chromatin. Interestingly, along with microcephaly, mutation of N-myc also causes chromatin condensation in neural stem cells, while premature chromosome condensation (PCC) is observed with mutation of MCHP1. The fact that 2 genes required for brain growth are also essential for normal chromatin structure suggests that the global chromatin activity state of neural stem cells is a key factor in regulation of brain mass. In this review, we will focus on the links between neural stem cell chromatin and brain growth.
Studies on a mammalian cell protein (P8) with affinity for DNA in vitro.

Abstract A protein (P8) found in cultured mammalian cells has been highly purified by DNA—cellulose chromatography alone. The protein is quite abundant, especially in human diploid fibroblasts, is readily extractable at low-salt concentration, and has an isoelectric pH close to neutrality. Its synthesis is not coupled to that of DNA, but it accounts for a greater proportion of the total soluble protein synthesis in growing than in resting cells. Among the proteins identified after DNA—cellulose chromatography, only P8 has affinity for single-stranded DNA but not for double-stranded DNA. It appears to have properties different from those of other DNA-binding proteins that have been described.
The medicolegal aspects of proctoring

Virtually every medical staff ensures surgeons technical competency by requiring a proctoring process. However, rarely do medical staff bylaws specify the relationship between completion of proctoring and acquisition of medical staff privileges. For this reason surgeons failing to acquire privileges because of adverse proctor evaluations might be subject to National Practitioners Data Bank reporting. Few proctors understand what their responsibilities are should they witness malpractice being committed. In the State of California, case law has demonstrated that proctors are immune from liability should they allow substandard practices to continue and fail to intervene on the patient's behalf. Alternatively, if the proctor intervenes on a Good Samaritan basis they are most likely protected from malpractice liability. We recommend the implementation of two processes to avoid legal pitfalls: (1) Liability can be minimized if proctoring consents are obtained that clearly delineate the proctor's responsibilities during the operation. (2) Medical staff bylaws should clearly specify the temporal relationship between application of privileges, duration of proctoring process and final acquisition of clinical privileges.
Ballistic imaging of biomedical samples using picosecond optical Kerr gate

Ballistic images of a fish in vivo and a Bar chart behind a piece of 4 mm thickness chicken tissue were measured using a picosecond optical Kerr gate imaging technique.
American campaign oratory: Verbal response mode use by candidates in 1980 American presidential primaries

Campaign speeches recorded during the 1980 American presidential primaries and college lectures were coded using a taxonomy of verbal response modes. Both candidates and lecturers used mostly informative modes, but candidates used relatively more Disclosures (subjective information) and fewer Edifications (objective information) than lecturers. Candidates distinctively used many Confirmation forms ("we" statements), perhaps to suggest that they shared their audience's viewpoint, assumptions, and values.
Abstract 3201: Identification of the type 2 cystatins (SA/SN) as a novel biomarkers for stress-induced senescence in human non-small cell lung cancer lines

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Purpose: Stress-induced cellular senescence (SIS) is becoming increasingly well recognized as an important process in premalignant neoplastic lesions and the response to chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation. In addition, senescent cells may release growth factors, cytokines, proteases, and other factors that affect the tumor microenvironment. The standard maker of SIS (staining for β-galactoside [β-gal] at pH 6) cannot be used in fixed tissues. New and more consistent biomarkers of SIS that could be used in tissue sections are thus needed to improve early detection of premalignant lesison, to design and monitor cancer therapeutic approaches, and to gain additional mechanistic understanding. Experimental Procedures: Doxorubicin (Dox) was employed to induce senescence in A549 and L55 human non-small cell lung cancer lines. Gene expression profiles were compared in control vs Dox-treated A549 cells. Validation was carried out by real time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Type 2 Cystatin (SA/SN) protein expression levels were evaluated by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) using an antibody (Santa Cruz) that recognized both proteins. Results: Dox induced senescence of A549 and L55 cells as evidenced by cellular enlargement, cessation of proliferation, and positive staining for s-gal at pH 6.0. Microarray screening revealed marked upregulation of the genes for Cystatin SA and SN, that was confirmed by qRT-PCR. High protein expression levels of type 2 cystatin (SA/SN) was demonstrated in Dox-treated cells by immunoblotting and IHC. IHC was successful in ethanol-fixed and formalin-fixed paraffin embedded slides. Conclusions: The cystatin superfamily is a well-established family of cysteine protease inhibitors that have been suggested to affect cell differentiation, growth, and migration through protease inhibition and by direct receptor mediated effects. The role of cystatin SA/SN in SIS is under study. However, our results identify two Type 2 Cystatins (SA/SN) that appear to be promising biomarkers for SIS in human non-small cell lung cancer. Cystatin staining could be utilized in fixed tissue sections to screen for oncogene-induced premalignant lesions and for studying the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation in lung cancer or bronchial biopsy samples. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3201.
Evidence of Dynamically Dysregulated Gene Expression Pathways in Hyperresponsive B Cells from African American Lupus Patients

Recent application of gene expression profiling to the immune system has shown a great potential for characterization of complex regulatory processes. It is becoming increasingly important to characterize functional systems through multigene interactions to provide valuable insights into differences between healthy controls and autoimmune patients. Here we apply an original systematic approach to the analysis of changes in regulatory gene interconnections between in Epstein-Barr virus transformed hyperresponsive B cells from SLE patients and normal control B cells. Both traditional analysis of differential gene expression and analysis of the dynamics of gene expression variations were performed in combination to establish model networks of functional gene expression. This Pathway Dysregulation Analysis identified known transcription factors and transcriptional regulators activated uniquely in stimulated B cells from SLE patients.
Effects of Feeding a Carboxypeptidase Inhibitor from Potatoes to Newly Hatched Chicks

For the first time, the effects on animal growth and protein digestion of a specific inhibitor of the pancreatic digestive exopeptidases carboxypeptidases A and B were studied. Carboxypeptidase inhibitor from potato tubers was fed to newly hatched chicks at a level equal to that present in a diet containing 50% raw potato solids, which was severely growth depressing. At this level the effect of the carboxypeptidase inhibitor on growth was insignificant but the following effects were noted: (1) increased fecal protein (the increase mainly consisting of low-molecular weight proteins); (b) poorer feed efficiency; and (c) a significant decrease in pancreatic digestive proenzyme levels, although no hypertrophy was noted. In addition, the inhibitor was not digested readily in the intestinal tract and increased in concentration in intestinal contents as it progressed down the tract. Potato Inhibitor II, a potent trypsin inhibitor, when fed to chicks, also at the level found in the diet containing 50% raw potato, was severely growth depressing. The inhibitor produced significantly increased fecal protein and caused pronounced pancreatic hypertrophy. Thus, the growth depressing effects of raw potato tubers is probably due in part to the trypsin inhibitor, with only a small contribution originating from the carboxypeptidase inhibitor.
Estrogen Receptor-β Activation Results in S-Nitrosylation of Proteins Involved in Cardioprotection

Background— It has been shown that the activation of estrogen receptor-β (ER-β) plays an important cardioprotective role against ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the mechanism for this protection is not clear. We hypothesize that estrogen protects by ER-β activation, which leads to S-nitrosylation (SNO) of key cardioprotective proteins. Methods and Results— We treated ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice with the ER-β selective agonist 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-proprionitrile (DPN), 17β-estradiol (E2), or vehicle using Alzet minipumps for 2 weeks. Isolated hearts were Langendorff perfused and subjected to ischemia and reperfusion. Compared with vehicle-treated hearts, DPN- and E2-treated hearts had significantly better postischemic functional recovery and decreased infarct size. To test the specificity of DPN, we treated ER-β–knockout mice with DPN. However, no cardioprotective effect of DPN was found in ER-β–knockout mice, indicating that the DPN-induced cardioprotection occurs through the activation of ER-β...
Life-assessment technology for power-plant components

The nation’s aging infrastructure, and the costs of maintaining it, have heightened interest in technologies that can help predict the time to failure of critical components. In the power-generation industry, where component failure can cause injury, societal hardships, and economic losses, life-assessment technology has been a major focus of research. Because of the high costs of repeated inspections, however, one concern of researchers is to create assessment techniques that provide more accurate but less conservative estimates of remaining life. This article reviews improvements made over the last five years in various life-assessment methodologies, including calculational techniques, nondestructive evaluation, and destructive testing of samples removed from installed components.
Economic Planning Reconsidered

Definitional problems, 55. — The structure of economic planning, 61. — The process of economic planning, 67. — Summary and conclusions, 75.
Towards a classification scheme for non-equilibrium steady states

Abstract A general classification scheme for nonequilibrium steady states–in terms of their stationary probability distribution and the associated probability currents–is proposed. This scheme allows us to identify all choices of transition rates, based on a master equation, which generate the same nonequilibrium steady state. One important consequence is a generalized detailed balance condition.
The Whole Body

•Both immunologic and non-immunologic mechanisms can provoke systemic reactions following food ingestion. •Histamine is the only mast cell mediator which has been demonstrated to be elevated in the serum as a result of systemic allergic reactions to food. •In individuals highly sensitive to foods, airborne exposure to food allergens can produce anaphylactic reactions. •Crossreacting allergens present in some foods and in natural rubber latex can lead to systemic reactions following either latex exposure or food ingestion.
Publication, public use, and sale as bars to patenting

Publications describing or revealing an invention can be a bar to issuance of a patent. The publication can have been published by the inventor, in which case it is not an absolute bar for a year, or by another. The inventor can sometimes overcome the publications, i.e., remove them as a bar against his patent application, by showing he made his invention before the publication if the publication date is less than a year before his application, or by showing it is not a publication within the meaning of the law. A public use or sale can be a bar against patenting unless the use can be proved to have been for the purpose of permitting the inventor to develop or to perfect his invention.
Characterization of a polyubiquitin gene from Arabidopsis thaliana

Ubiquitin DNA sequences were isolated from the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana L. by screening a lambda-gt11 genomic library with antibodies raised against oat and human ubiquitin. DNA sequence analysis showed that the predicted protein sequence is 100% conserved with that found in oat and barley and differs by only three residues to that found in animals. This gene (UBQ4) encodes a ubiquitin polyprotein with five repeats contiguously linked with no intervening sequences in the coding region and a C-terminal extension of Ser-Phe. Genomic Southern blot analysis showed that ubiquitin sequences comprise a multigene family of approximately 11 members in Arabidopsis. Northern blot analysis identified at least four transcript size classes, which accumulate in sizes ranging from 800 to 1900 bases. A 5'-specific probe for the UBQ4 gene was used to show that after 2 h heat shock stress, the steady state mRNA level decreased significantly in flowers/buds but not in leaves. The UBQ4 transcript accumulates in a differential manner, accumulating to higher levels in germinating tissue, etiolated tissue, and flowers/buds than in mature leaves, roots, or stems.
Histone H3 lysine 4 methylation is mediated by Set1 and promotes maintenance of active chromatin states in fission yeast

Methylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3 Lys-4) or lysine 9 (H3 Lys-9) is known to define active and silent chromosomal domains respectively from fission yeast to humans. However, in budding yeast, H3 Lys-4 methylation is also necessary for silent chromatin assembly at telomeres and ribosomal DNA. Here we demonstrate that deletion of set1, which encodes a protein containing an RNA recognition motif at its amino terminus and a SET domain at the carboxy terminus, abolishes H3 Lys-4 methylation in fission yeast. Unlike in budding yeast, Set1-mediated H3 Lys-4 methylation is not required for heterochromatin assembly at the silent mating-type region and centromeres in fission yeast. Our analysis suggests that H3 Lys-4 methylation is a stable histone modification present throughout the cell cycle, including mitosis. The loss of H3 Lys-4 methylation in set1Δ cells is correlated with a decrease in histone H3 acetylation levels, suggesting a mechanistic link between H3 Lys-4 methylation and acetylation of the H3 tail. We suggest that methylation of H3 Lys-4 primarily acts in the maintenance of transcriptionally poised euchromatic domains, and that this modification is dispensable for heterochromatin formation in fission yeast, which instead utilizes H3 Lys-9 methylation.
SU-FF-T-449: Verification of Multi-Leaf Collimator Position Accuracy Using a Commercial EPID and Vendor Supplied Portal Dosimetry Software

Purpose: To develop and implement an efficient QA routine capable of verifying multi‐leaf collimator position accuracy using a commercial EPID and vendor supplied portal dosimetry software. With proper implementation, this routine will provide a rapid technique for detecting minor leaf position misalignments which could result in significant deviation from planned dose distributions for Dynamic delivered IMRT.Method and Materials: A common dynamic MLC leaf position verification test, the Picket Fence, was utilized. This test consists of a series of five continuous 1.0 mm strips, with a separation of 2.0 cm between strips, delivered in dynamic mode. Testing was performed on a Varian EPID aS500 (0.78mm pixel resolution) at 100 cm SSD. A baseline integrated image of the picket fence MLC file was captured. A second picket fence MLC file, with intentional single leaf discrepancies of ±0.2, ±0.3, and ±0.5 mm, was also imaged. Integrated EPIDimages were first visually inspected for deviations in absolute leaf position and then analyzed with the Varian portal dosimetry software. Within the software, a profile was taken to determine peak intensity between strips, which should have a 2.0 cm separation. Additionally, the profile tool was used to determine peak intensity changes along the length of the 1.0mm strips. These peak intensity changes along the strips can be correlated to leaf positioning errors. Results: All single leaf deviations greater than ±0.3mm were visually recognized and profile analysis confirms that leaf errors of this magnitude produce approximately a 10% change in peak intensity along the 1.0mm strips. Profile analysis did not detect the ±0.2mm error. Conclusion: As noted in relevant literature, leaf position accuracy is of paramount importance for dynamic MLCIMRT delivery. Once a baseline image is validated, these tests can be conducted daily and evaluated in a matter of minutes.
Volumetric and radiological capacity requirements for disposal of treated mixed low-level waste

The US Department of Energy (DOE) has stored or expects to generate over the next five years more than 130,000 m{sup 3} of mixed low-level waste (MLLW). Before disposal, MLLW is usually treated to comply with the land disposal restrictions of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. Depending on treatment type, the volumes and radionuclide concentrations of the waste streams may change. These changes must be taken into account in determining necessary disposal capacity at a site. Treatment may remove the characteristic feature that caused classification as mixed waste. Treatment may also, by reduction of mass, increase the concentrations of transuranic radionuclides sufficiently so that some waste becomes transuranic waste. This paper describes an analysis of the DOE MLLW streams to determine treated volumes and radionuclide concentrations. The waste streams were reclassified as residual MLLW, or low-level or transuranic waste resulting from treatment. About 89,000 m{sup 3} of waste was identified for disposal as residual MLLW. Fifteen DOE sites were evaluated to determine their capabilities for hosting disposal facilities for residual MLLW. Waste streams associated with about 90% of the residual MLLW volume are likely to present no significant issues for disposal. Future studies should focus on the remaining wastemore » streams that are potentially problematic by examining site-specific waste acceptance criteria, alternative treatment processes, alternative waste forms for disposal, and pending changes in regulatory requirements.« less
An accurate and efficient algorithm for numerical simulation of conduction-type problems

A modification of the finite analytic numerical method for conduction-type (diffusion) problems is presented. The finite analytic discretization scheme is derived by means of the Fourier series expansion for the most general case of nonuniform grid and variable diffusion coefficients. The efficiency of the computational algorithm with respect to the finite analytic coefficients has been improved, while the inherent accuracy and stability of the original method is preserved. Therefore, the algorithm is a valuable tool for diverse engineering applications, governed by the same conduction-type mathematical model: heat conduction, mass diffusion, flow through porous media, fully developed duct flows, lubrication flows, electromagnetic field theory and diffusion models of thermal radiation.
MEMS reliability assessment program: progress to date

As the Army transforms into a more lethal, lighter and agile force, the technologies that support these systems must decrease in size while increasing in intelligence. Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) are one such technology that the Army and Department of Defense will rely on heavily to achieve these objectives. Current and future military applications of MEMS devices include safety and arming devices, fuzing devices, various guidance systems, sensors/detectors, inertial measurement units, tracking devices, radio frequency devices, wireless RFIDs and network systems, GPSs, radar systems, mobile base systems, satellites, missiles and the like.
Fertilization potential of follicular oocytes classified by stage of cycle and size of follicle

Bovine follicular oocytes, collected from two sizes of vesicular follicles and from donor animals from three stages of the estrous cycle, were matured and fertilized in vitro. Frequency of fertilization and ability to form male pronuclei after in vitro maturation were found to be independent of both estrual stage and follicular size.
Cusp formation for time-evolving bubbles in two-dimensional Stokes flow

Analytical and numerical methods are applied to investigate the transient evolution of an inviscid bubble in two-dimensional Stokes flow. The evolution is driven by extensional incident flow with a rotational component, such as occurs for flow in a four-roller mill. Of particular interest is the possible spontaneous occurrence of a cusp singularity on the bubble surface. The role of constant as well as variable surface tension, induced by the presence of surfactant, is considered. A general theory of time- dependent evolution, which includes the existence of a broad class of exact solutions, is presented. For constant surface tension, a conjecture concerning the existence of a critical capillary number above which all symmetric steady bubble solutions are linearly unstable is found to be false. Steady bubbles for large capillary number Q are found to be susceptible to finite-amplitude instability, with the dynamics often leading to cusp or topological singularities. The evolution of an initially circular bubble at zero surface tension is found to culminate in unsteady cusp formation. In contrast to the clean flow problem, for variable surface tension there exists an upper bound Qc for which steady bubble solutions exist. Theoretical considerations as well as numerical calculations for Q > Qc verify that the bubble achieves an unsteady cusped formation in finite time. The role of a nonlinear equation of state and the influence of surface diffusion of surfactant are both considered. A possible connection between the observed behaviour and the phenomenon of tip streaming is discussed.
Revision of wFMM – A Wideband Fast Multipole Method for the two-dimensional complex Helmholtz equation ☆

The Wideband Fast Multipole Method for the two-dimensional complex Helmholtz equation program is updated. The new version uses significantly less memory than the original version and uses almost constant memory for all the wavenumbers k when the number of particles is given. The CPU time is also improved slightly. Additionally, the memory leak problems and errors from external variables when it is used in an iterative solver are fixed. The new version wFMM and other useful codes are available from the website http://fastmultipole.org/.
Calculation of the extended-state electron mobility in hydrogenated amorphous silicon

Abstract In a recent paper, Marshall and his collaborators conclude that the extended-state electron mobility in hydrogenated amorphous silicon is 10–20 cm2/V-s. This deduction is based on experimental results indicating the demarcation level does not exceed 0.14 eV, in disagreement with conventional multiple-trapping theory. In this paper, we show that the data can be understood without modification of the existing theory, and reiterate that the observed drift mobility and density of localized states require an extended-state electron mobility in excess of 100 cm2/V-s.
Images of Savagery in American Justifications for War.

This paper identifies the essential characteristics of victimage rhetoric in American justifications for war. The Johnson administration's insistence on the aggression‐from‐the‐North thesis is the starting point for the analysis. Close inspection of the administration's efforts reveals that the enemy is portrayed as a savage, i.e., an aggressor, driven by irrational desires for conquest, who is seeking to subjugate others by force of arms. This image of the enemy is intensified by a contrasting image of the United States as a representative of civilization who is rational, tolerant of diversity, and pacific. Further investigation confirms that the contrasts of force vs. freedom, irrationality vs. rationality, and aggression vs. defense permeate the substance and style of the call‐to‐arms throughout American history. They provide the internal dynamic which integrates recurrent form into a genre of rhetorical discourse.
Gossypol in hibits basal and estrogen-stimulated DNA synthesis in human breast carcinoma cells

Abstract Estrogen stimulates the growth of hormone-dependent human breast cancer. Failure of chemotherapy frequently results from the development of multidrug resistance. Gossypol (GP), a naturally occurring toxin, inhibits the growth of various carcinoma cells. Thus, the effects of GP on 17β-estradiol (E 2 )-stimulated DNA synthesis were studied in two hormone-dependent human breast carcinoma cell lines: the wild-type MCF-7 and the multidrug-resistant MCF-7 Adr cells. Cells (5×104/well) were cultured for 24 hrs in a chemically-defined, serum-free medium consisting of 1:1 mixture of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium and Ham's nutrient mixture F12 (DMEM/F12) supplemented with insulin (5.0 μg/ml), transferrin (5.0 μg/ml), epidermal growth factor (EGF; 10.0 ng/ml) and antibiotics E 2 (0 or 10.0 nM), GP (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 or 20.0 μM) and bovine serum albumin (BSA; 0 or 0.1 mg/ml) were used as treatments in a factorial experimental design. Cells were treated for 24 hrs and finallly pulsed with 3H-thymidine (5.0 μCi/ml) for 3 hrs. E 2 significantly stimulated 3 H-thymidine incorporation in both MCF-7 and MCF-7 Adr cells. GP at 10.0 and 20.0 μM inhibited both basal and E 2 -stimulated DNA synthesis in human breast cancer cells. The inhibitory effects of GP at 10.0 μM, but not at 20.0 μM, were blocked by BSA treatment. Results from the present study indicate that GP treatment was antiproliferative in both drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant cancer cells and that the antiproliferative effects of GP on human breast cancer cells were mediated through mechanisms independent of estrogenic responses. Thus, GP could be potentially very useful for treatment of human breast cancer patients, especially those who have developed multidrug resistance.
Dynamic modeling of methylprednisolone effects on body weight and glucose regulation in rats

Influences of methylprednisolone (MPL) and food consumption on body weight (BW), and the effects of MPL on glycemic control including food consumption and the dynamic interactions among glucose, insulin, and free fatty acids (FFA) were evaluated in normal male Wistar rats. Six groups of animals received either saline or MPL via subcutaneous infusions at the rate of 0.03, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mg/kg/h for different treatment periods. BW and food consumption were measured twice a week. Plasma concentrations of MPL and corticosterone (CST) were determined at animal sacrifice. Plasma glucose, insulin, and FFA were measured at various times after infusion. Plasma MPL concentrations were simulated by a two-compartment model and used as the driving force in the pharmacodynamic (PD) analysis. All data were modeled using ADAPT 5. The MPL treatments caused reduction of food consumption and body weights in all dosing groups. The steroid also caused changes in plasma glucose, insulin, and FFA concentrations. Hyperinsulinemia was achieved rapidly at the first sampling time of 6 h; significant elevations of FFA were observed in all drug treatment groups; whereas only modest increases in plasma glucose were observed in the low dosing groups (0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg/h). Body weight changes were modeled by dual actions of MPL: inhibition of food consumption and stimulation of weight loss, with food consumption accounting for the input of energy for body weight. Dynamic models of glucose and insulin feedback interactions were extended to capture the major metabolic effects of FFA: stimulation of insulin secretion and inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose utilization. These models of body weight and glucose regulation adequately captured the experimental data and reflect significant physiological interactions among glucose, insulin, and FFA. These mechanism-based PD models provide further insights into the multi-factor control of this essential metabolic system.
Molecular Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

This review offers an overview of the molecular pathology of lung cancer, with a focus on analyses that are most commonly part of the current clinical testing paradigm. Molecular testing of lung cancer has proved integral to the success of new targeted therapies, and their use is now commonplace in treatment selection. Traditional pathologic evaluation, however, plays a major role in these advances and serves an equally critical role to aid in determining optimal therapy.
What's in a region?: or computing control dependence regions in near-linear time for reducible control flow

Regions of control dependence identify the instructions in a program that execute under the same control conditions. They have a variety of applications in parallelizing and optimizing compilers. Two vertices in a control-flow graph (which may represent instructions or basic blocks in a program) are in the same region if they have the same set of control dependence predecessors. The common algorithm for computing regions examines each control dependence at least once. As there may be O(V x E) control dependences in the worst case, where V and E are the number of vertices and edges in the control-flow graph, this algorithm has a worst-case running time of O(V x D). We present algorithms for finding regions in reducible control-flow graphs in near-linear time, without using control dependence. These algorithms are based on alternative definitions of regions, which are easier to reason with than the definitions based on control dependence.