cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary Relationships of Human Populations at the Molecular Level

All humans belong to the same species, Homo sapiens; yet there are many populations, or ethnic groups, that can be distinguished from each other in terms of morphological characters. The broad division into three major ethnic groups, Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Negroid, is generally accepted; many anthropologists add two more major ethnic groups, Amerind (American Indians) and Australoid. However, how these ethnic groups evolved remains controversial, and the evolutionary relationships of populations within these groups are yet to be studied.
New York's New-Media Boom: Real or Virtual?

Although the new-media industry has been a fairly strong contributor to New York City's economic growth, the city's reputation as a new-media hub appears to be overstated.
Updates in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Definitions, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common cause of respiratory failure in medical and surgical ICUs, totaling an estimated 200 000 cases per year in the United States. Despite improved supportive care, the mortality associated with ARDS remains high (30% to 40%). ARDS results from a variety of direct or indirect insults, including sepsis, aspiration, and trauma, all of which lead to pulmonary endothelial and epithelial injury. Several recent trials have led to improvements in the care of patients with ARDS, including the use of a fluid conservative treatment strategy and the use of neuromuscular blockade for severe ARDS. Patients with refractory hypoxemia due to ARDS may benefit from advanced therapies, including inhaled nitric oxide and extracorporeal life support; however, evidence from large clinical trials is lacking. Currently, clinical trials are underway for the treatment of ARDS with statins and inhaled heparin and preclinical evidence is promising for adoptive cellular therapy with m...
Circuit-Oriented Treatment of Nonlinear Capacitances in Switched-Mode Power Supplies

Nonlinear, voltage-dependent capacitances of power semiconductor devices are capable of having significant impact on the operation of switched-mode power converters. Particularly at high switching frequency, these nonlinearities play a significant role in determining switching times, losses, and converter dynamics during switching transitions. In order to accommodate the well-established design and analysis techniques commonly used for linear circuits, this paper examines the nonlinear voltage-dependence of switching device capacitances and proposes a circuit-oriented analysis technique that allows the parasitic capacitances to be replaced with linear equivalents. The multitude of developed equivalents are verified through full nonlinear simulation in both MATLAB/Simulink and SPICE, as well as through experimental results.
The dual phenomenon and trichophyton mentagrophytes.

(1949). The “Dual Phenomenon” and Trichophyton Mentagrophytes. Mycologia: Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 128-140.
A HUMANISTIC APPROACH TO THE EMOTIONALLY DISTURBED PATIENT.

The well-trained family physician is a “specialist” who is highly qualified to help emotionally disturbed patients. Indeed the provision of this help is one of his obligations. The categories of emotional disturbance serve as guidelines in deciding whether or not psychiatric referral is needed. The family physician serves as the strategic link between the public and psychiatry. The basic tool in treatment is the interview. Drugs may be needed, but the most potent, effective “drug” is the physician himself.
Outcomes and National Trends for the Surgical Treatment of Lumbar Spine Trauma

Introduction. Operative treatment of lumbar spine compression fractures includes fusion and/or cement augmentation. Our aim was to evaluate postoperative differences in patients treated surgically with fusion, vertebroplasty, or kyphoplasty. Methods. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database search for adult vertebral compression fracture patients treated 2004-2011 identified 102,316 surgical patients: 30.6% underwent spinal fusion, 17.1% underwent kyphoplasty, and 49.9% underwent vertebroplasty. Univariate analysis of patient and hospital characteristics, by treatment, was performed. Multivariable analysis was used to determine factors associated with mortality, nonroutine discharge, complications, and patient safety. Results. Average patient age: fusion (46.2), kyphoplasty (78.5), vertebroplasty (76.7) (p < .0001). Gender, race, household income, hospital-specific characteristics, and insurance differences were found (p ≤ .001). Leading comorbidities were hypertension, osteoporosis, and diabetes. Risks for higher mortality (OR 2.0: CI: 1.6-2.5), nonroutine discharge (OR 1.6, CI: 1.6-1.7), complications (OR 1.1, CI: 1.0-1.1), and safety related events (OR 1.1, CI: 1.0-1.1) rose consistently with increasing age, particularly among fusion patients. Preexisting comorbidities and longer in-hospital length of stay were associated with increased odds of nonroutine discharge, complications, and patient safety. Conclusions. Fusion patients had higher rates of poorer outcomes compared to vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty cohorts. Mortality, nonroutine discharge, complications, and adverse events increased consistently with older age.
The occurrence, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of anaerobes in polymicrobial infections

Polymicrobial aerobic/anaerobic bacterial infections occur frequently and have been documented in most anatomic sites in the body. The etiology of these infections is endogenous in that the normal microbial flora that colonize the various mucosal surfaces of the body can be isolated from these infections after trauma to these membranes allowing these organisms access to normally sterile sites. Subsequently, the organisms begin to proliferate, causing extensive tissue damage. These infections may spread to adjacent tissues or become loculated with abscess formation. In patients judged to have severe infection, surgery is often needed to debride the advancing spread of the infection, remove loculated pus, and reestablish sufficient blood flow to deliver appropriate antimicrobial agents to the infected site. Choice of antimicrobial agents should include agents with activity against both aerobes and anaerobes. Although a variety of anaerobes can be isolated from these infections, the Bacteroides fragilis group is the most clinically important group of anaerobes because of the production of virulence factors and the high incidence of beta-lactamase production. Against the various B. fragilis group species, metronidazole remains a very active agent, whereas resistance rates to clindamycin are high among the non-B. fragilis species. Because of the good activity of many cephalosporin/cephamycin agents against aerobic gram-negative bacteria and moderate to good activity against anaerobes, these compounds remain as broad-spectrum choices for use in therapy of mixed infections. The addition of beta-lactamase inhibitors (tazobactam, sulbactam, or clavulanate) to various beta-lactam agents has increased their antimicrobial spectrum against certain groups of aerobes, and particularly against beta-lactamase-producing anaerobes, including the B. fragilis group. The choice of single-agent therapy of mixed infections is ideally based on local data of susceptibility patterns of the various aerobes and anaerobes involved in these infections.
Embedding technology into inter-professional best practices in home safety evaluation

AbstractPurpose: To explore inter-professional home evaluators’ perspectives and needs for building useful and acceptable decision-support tools for the field of home modifications.Method: Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with a range of home modification professionals from different regions of the United States. The interview transcripts were analyzed with a qualitative, descriptive, perspective approach.Results: Technology supports current best practice and has potential to inform decision making through features that could enhance home evaluation processes, quality, efficiency and inter-professional communication.Conclusions: Technological advances with app design have created numerous opportunities for the field of home modifications. Integrating technology and inter-professional best practices will improve home safety evaluation and intervention development to meet client-centred and societal needs.Implications for rehabilitationUnderstanding home evaluators technology needs for home ...
Recent Developments in Fully Fluctuating Field-Theoretic Simulations of Polymer Melts and Solutions.

We review the latest developments in computational methods for direct simulation of fully fluctuating field theories of polymeric assemblies. In this context, we describe a newly developed theoretical and computational framework for accurately computing fluctuation-corrected phase diagrams of mesostructured polymer systems and report the first such complete phase diagram for a diblock copolymer melt. The method is based on complex Langevin sampling of a UV regularized field-theoretic model, with Helmholtz free energies computed using thermodynamic integration. UV regularization ensures that the free energies do not have an arbitrary reference; they can be compared between incommensurate phases, permitting for the first time the computation of order–order transitions with fluctuation corrections. We further demonstrate that computed free energies are accurate in the disordered phase by comparison to perturbation theory on the one-loop level. Importantly, we note that our method uses no uncontrolled approxi...
MoS 2 monolayers on nanocavities: Enhanced light-matter interaction within atomic monolayers

We report a fundamental strategy to enhance the light-matter interaction of atomically-thin films based on strong interference in planar nanocavities, which is validated experimentally by absorption and photoluminescence enhancement of MoS 2 monolayers.
Flumazenil for the Treatment of Refractory Hypersomnolence: Clinical Experience with 153 Patients.

Study Objectives:Patients with central disorders of hypersomnolence sometimes do not achieve satisfactory symptom control with currently available wake-promoting medications. Based on the finding t...
Abstract P196: Chemerin Activates Procontractile Pathways in Isolated Arteries

In the vasculature, the adipokine chemerin is present in perivascular adipose tissue and causes arterial contraction through activation of the heptahelical receptor ChemR23. We presently test the hypothesis that ChemR23 is linked to procontractile signaling pathways in isolated arteries. The isolated, endothelium-denuded thoracic aorta of both male and female rats was used for measurement of isometric contraction and biochemical analyses. The peptide analog chemerin-9 (1 nm -3 μM) caused concentration-dependent contraction in both isolated aorta from male and female, with a maximum of ~80% of a phenylephrine (10 μM) contraction. The L type voltage dependent calcium channel inhibitors verapamil (1 μM) and nifedipine (1 μM), as well as the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor chelerythrine chloride (10 μM), abolished chemerin-9 induced contraction relative to vehicle-incubated tissues (male and female). Next most effective in inhibiting chemerin-9-induced contraction were the Rho Kinase inhibitors Y27632 (1 μM) and fasudil (1 μM), both effective in male and female aorta. The p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203850 (10 μM) and phosphoinositide-3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 (10 μM) were significantly less effective in reducing chemerin-9-induced contraction in both sexes, reducing maximum contraction in male and female by less than 50%. Finally, the phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 (5 μM) and Erk MAPK inhibitor PD098059 (1 μM) did not shift or reduce chemerin-9-induced contraction compared to control. Western analyses of chemerin-9-contracted tissues validated activation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase and lack of activation of the Erk MAPKs. These data are the first to associate ChemR23 with L type channel and Rho Kinase activation, and support the hypothesis that ChemR23 taps into some but not all of the well-recognized contractile pathways. This is important knowledge for understanding the mechanisms by which chemerin could support obesity-associated hypertension
Three-Dimensional Network-on-Chip Architecture

On-chip interconnects are predicted to be a fundamental issue in designing multi-core chip multiprocessors (CMPs) and system-on-chip (SoC) architectures with numerous homogeneous and heterogeneous cores and functional blocks. To mitigate the interconnect crisis, one promising option is network-on-chip (NoC), where a general purpose on-chip interconnection network replaces the traditional design-specific global on-chip wiring by using switching fabrics or routers to connect IP cores or processing elements. Such packet-based communication networks have been gaining wide acceptance due to their scalability and have been proposed for future CMPs and SoC design. In this chapter, we study the combination of both three-dimensional integrated circuits and NoCs, since both are proposed as solutions to mitigate the interconnect scaling challenges. This chapter will start with a brief introduction on network-on-chip architecture and then discuss design space exploration for various network topologies in 3D NoC design, as well as different techniques on 3D on-chip router design. Finally, it describes a design example of using 3D NoC with memory stacked on multi-core CMPs.
Lexical frequency and subject expression in native and non-native Spanish

This paper investigates the effect of lexical frequency on third-person subject form variation by native and highly-advanced non-native speakers of Spanish. In line with previous research, verb tokens which represented 1% or more of the total tokens were categorized as frequent whereas all others were categorized as infrequent. We also coded for six other linguistic variables: number, referent specificity, semantic class, morphological regularity, TMA, and switch reference. The findings revealed that lexical frequency did not have an independent effect on third-person subject form variation and in only one case did high lexical frequency appear to activate the effect of another linguistic factor. We discuss our results alongside findings of previous research and offer directions for future research.
Deploying Fourier Coefficients to Unravel Soybean Canopy Diversity

Soybean canopy outline is an important trait used to understand light interception ability, canopy closure rates, row spacing response, which in turn affects crop growth and yield, and directly impacts weed species germination and emergence. In this manuscript, we utilize a methodology that constructs geometric measures of the soybean canopy outline from digital images of canopies, allowing visualization of the canopy outline diversity as well as a rigorous quantification of shape parameters. Our choice of data analysis approach is partially dictated by the need to efficiently store and analyze large datasets, especially in the context of planned high-throughput phenotyping experiments to capture time evolution of canopy outline which will produce very large datasets. Using the Elliptical Fourier Transformation (EFT) and Fourier Descriptors (EFD), canopy outlines of 446 soybean plant introduction (PI) lines from 25 different countries exhibiting a wide variety of maturity, seed weight, and stem termination were investigated in a field experiment planted as a randomized complete block design with up to four replications. Canopy outlines were extracted from digital images, and subsequently chain coded and expanded into a shape spectrum by obtaining the Fourier coefficients/descriptors. These coefficients successfully reconstruct the canopy outline, and were used to measure traditional morphometric traits. Highest phenotypic diversity was observed for roundness, while solidity showed the lowest diversity across all countries. For interpretation and visualization of the complexity in shape, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed on the EFD. PI lines were grouped in terms of origins, maturity index, seed weight and stem termination index. No apparent pattern or similarity was observed among the groups; although interestingly when genetic marker data was used for the PCA, patterns similar to canopy outline traits was observed for origins, and maturity indexes. These results indicate the usefulness of EFT method for reconstruction and study of canopy morphometric traits, and provides opportunities for data reduction of large images for ease in future use.
The difference between indexicals and demonstratives

In this paper, I propose a new way to distinguish between indexicals, like “I” and “today”, and demonstratives, like “she” and “this”. The main test case is the second person singular pronoun “you”. The tradition would generally count it as a demonstrative, because the speaker’s intentions play a role in providing it with a semantic value. I present cross-linguistic data and explanations offered of the data in typology and semantics to show that “you” belongs on the indexical side, and argue that they can be generalized to a novel criterion for distinguishing between indexicals and demonstratives. The central theoretical claim is that the semantic values of indexicals are objects which play certain utterance-related roles, which are fixed independently of the words being used in the utterance. For instance, the speaker plays the speaker role whether or not she uses the word “I”, and the addressee plays that role whether or not the speaker uses the word “you”. Demonstratives, on the other hand, pick out objects that play no such role, and are instead helped by the speaker’s word-specific intentions.
Do sedentary behavior and physical activity spatially cluster? Analysis of a population-based sample of Boston adolescents.

Sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity are key modifiable behavioral risk factors for chronic health problems, such as obesity and diabetes. Little is known about how sedentary behavior and physical activity among adolescents spatially cluster. The objective was to detect spatial clustering of sedentary behavior and physical activity among Boston adolescents. Data were used from the 2008 Boston Youth Survey Geospatial Dataset, a sample of public high school students who responded to a sedentary behavior and physical activity questionnaire. Four binary variables were created: (1) TV watching (>2 h/day), (2) video games (>2 h/day), (3) total screen time (>2 h/day); and (4) 20 min/day of physical activity (≥5 days/week). A spatial scan statistic was utilized to detect clustering of sedentary behavior and physical activity. One statistically significant cluster of TV watching emerged among Boston adolescents in the unadjusted model. Students inside the cluster were more than twice as likely to report >2 h/day of TV watching compared to respondents outside the cluster. No significant clusters of sedentary behavior and physical activity emerged. Findings suggest that TV watching is spatially clustered among Boston adolescents. Such findings may serve to inform public health policy-makers by identifying specific locations in Boston that could provide opportunities for policy intervention. Future research should examine what is linked to the clusters, such as neighborhood environments and network effects.
The Influence of Periodontal Status on Endodontically Treated Teeth: 9-year Survival Analysis.

Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of periodontal status at the time of nonsurgical root canal treatment (NSRCT) on the survival rate of endodontically treated teeth (ETT). Methods In this retrospective investigation, molars that received NSRCT in an advanced specialty education program in endodontics from 2009 through 2017 were initially recruited. After the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 315 teeth were included in the study. Inclusion criteria were ETT with an acceptable quality of NSRCT; ETT that received an adequate crown within 3 months after NSRCT; and ETT with complete periodontal charting before NSRCT including pocket depths, clinical attachment loss, and bone loss. The periodontal status of all included teeth was assessed based on American Academy of Periodontology guidelines. All included ETT were divided into 3 groups as follows: healthy group, mild periodontitis, and moderate periodontitis. The survival rate of ETT was analyzed using univariate Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests for differences between groups ( P Results Teeth that were diagnosed with mild periodontitis were almost 2 times more likely to be extracted compared with ETT diagnosed with normal periodontium at the time of NSRCT (odds ratio [OR] = 1.9, P P P Conclusions Patients' periodontal health, being 1 of the prognostic determinants of the outcome of NSRCT, requires attention before and subsequent to NSRCT. This may improve the survival of ETT and help patients maintain their natural dentition.
Afterword: The Politics of Disclosure and Discretion

In her final week prior to leaving Metro Manila, Collantes is confronted in the field by friends who challenge her own personal decisions to remain discreet about her personal intimacies. This Afterword serves as a critical reflection on the politics of discretion and disclosure, and on the methodological challenges and implications of conducting research on reproduction, sexuality, and intimacy in different geographical sites.
An Empirical Investigation of the Potential of RFID Technology to Enhance Supply Chain Agility

This empirical study examines the potential of RFID technology to increase the business agility and coordination of inventory supply chain systems. The bullwhip effect is a logistics management phenomenon in supply chain systems that is characterized by a lack of business agility. This study examines the potential of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to increase the business agility and coordination of inventory supply chain systems, greatly reducing the bullwhip effect through timely information provided throughout the supply chain. An experiment of one group of 15 teams using a simulated RFID-enabled supply chain system compared mean team costs with those of a control group of 15 teams, providing empirical evidence that RFID-technology can increase a supply chain’s business agility, as manifested by a reduction in inventory holding and stockout costs.
Toward fast low-noise low-power digital CCDs for Lynx and other high-energy astrophysics missions

Future X-ray missions such as Lynx require large-format imaging detectors with performance at least as good as the best current-generation devices but with much higher readout rates. We are investigating a Digital CCD detector architecture, under development at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, for use in such missions. This architecture features a CMOS-compatible detector integrated with parallel CMOS signal processing chains. Fast, low-noise amplifiers and highly parallel signal processing provide the high frame-rates required. CMOS-compatibility of the CCD provides low-power charge transfer and signal processing. We report on the performance of CMOS-compatible test CCDs read at rates up to 5 Mpix s−1 (50 times faster than Chandra ACIS CCDs), with transfer clock swings as low as ±1.5 V (power/area < 10% of that of ACIS CCDs). We measure read noise below 6 electrons RMS at 2.5 MHz and X-ray spectral resolution better than 150 eV FWHM at 5.9 keV for single-pixel events. We discuss expected detector radiation tolerance at these relatively high transfer rates. We point out that the high pixel ’aspect ratio’ (depletion-depth : pixel size ≈ 9 : 1) of our test devices is similar to that expected for Lynx detectors, and illustrate some of the implications of this geometry for X-ray performance and noise requirements.
The Latin Tradition: De quadratura circuli

Just as in Arabic the prototype translation (AF*) of the Archimedean circle quadrature was adapted by later scholars like Abu ’l-Rashid and al-Tusi, so in Latin the translation by Gerard (LG) formed the basis of a number of revised versions. In general, the Latin editors expand the text by filling out elliptical expressions, supplying the proofs of results in the proofs, inserting references to Euclid, and so on. They sometimes change the order of exposition, or adapt the terminology to a more natural Latin style. Occasionally, there appear insights on aspects of the logic of the proof—e.g., statements of certain postulates that it assumes. But unlike al-Tusi or even the Banu Musâ, the Latin editors only rarely incorporate new technical insights or alternative conceptions of the proof.
Creep-Fatigue Interactions in Fibrous Eutectic Composites

ABSTRACT Stress-controlled fatigue experiments have been performed on two directionally solidified fibrous eutectic composites: Co, 10Cr, 10Ni-TaC and Ni, 10Cr, 5Al-TaC at 825°C in vacuum. Fatigue lives were significantly shortened by decreasing test frequency. Metallographie, fractographic and transmission electron micrographic evidence support a creep-fatigue interaction as the cause of the frequency dependence.
Separate disciplines: The study of behavior and the study of the psyche.

The study of behavior differs fundamentally from the study of the psyche and logically cannot share the same discipline. However, while disciplines might be defined through technical exercises, they function through exercises of political power. The evolution of a discipline, though based on field and laboratory data interpreted within a specific paradigm and justified publicity by its utility to solve personal and social problems, follows a course of development in the political arenas of the academies and the professions. We happen to have a discipline, roughly connoted by the label “behavior analysis,” without an academic home (the present ones haphazardly tolerate our activities), without a professional organization (the present one lobbies only “for behavior analysis”), and without a true professional name (the present one implies an approach not a discipline). No scientific community lasts long without a supporting professional infrastructure. In explicitly asserting ourselves as a discipline, we confront a number of difficult issues such as continuing to work in departments antithetical to behaviorism and a number of problems such as what we call ourselves to identify our professional and scientific concerns. (For example, we need a term descriptive of our science in its broad sense. That term is not psychology. Too many people persist in maintaining its commitment to cognitivism. On whatever term we agree, “behavior” should constitute its stem, for our efforts focus there, not in the putative underlying psyche or its current cognitive update.) The focus of our concerns and the solutions of our problems rest on one issue: Will our discipline prosper most as a branch of psychology or as an independent discipline? Slowly, but surely, our actions demonstrate that the latter is the preferred option, but these actions, though fortuitous, occur almost by accident. By specifically programming to achieve an independent professional status we increase the probability of doing so.
Disability and Positive Psychology

Positive psychology refers to the pursuit of understanding optimal human functioning and well-being. Disability is, alternatively, typically understood to refer to deficient human functioning. As such, disability and positive psychology would seem to be incompatible constructs; optimal human functioning versus deficient human functioning. In this chapter, disability is framed in a modern paradigm within typical human functioning that obviates the apparent incompatibility of disability and positive psychology. The emerging body of literature on positive psychology and disability is examined, with a particular focus on the role of self-determination in promoting optimal human functioning and well-being for people with disability.
A Theory of Effective Microbial Substrate Affinity Parameters in Variably Saturated Soils and an Example Application to Aerobic Soil Heterotrophic Respiration

Author(s): Tang, J; Riley, WJ | Abstract: Affinity parameters are essential for substrate kinetics-based modeling of soil biogeochemistry. These parameters were originally defined for well-mixed aqueous solutions to represent enzyme substrate binding. For variably saturated soils, they are often calibrated and highly uncertain. Here we develop a predictive theory of effective substrate affinity parameters to account for other processes that affect microbial substrate acquisition, so that the substrate kinetics for well-mixed aqueous solutions can be similarly applied to variably saturated soils. The theory is based on an analytical approximation of how diffusive substrates are intercepted by soil microbial cells and integrates microbial characteristics, microsite structure, and soil physical properties. The predicted effective substrate affinity thus closely integrates the physical substrate limitation in soils with the intrinsic substrate affinity parameter. The theory predicts that, as moisture changes, the effective diffusive substrate delivery rates vary by orders of magnitude, resulting in highly variable effective affinity parameters for substrates like oxygen, methane, and nonvolatile solutes. As an example, we apply the theory with three substrate kinetics to aerobic soil incubations. Our models accurately reproduced observations of 32 soil incubations in four soil classes, demonstrating that the soil moisture versus respiration relationship varies with maximum respiration rate, soil texture, soil carbon content, and microbial biomass. This example suggests that the traditional use of a single static multiplicative function to parameterize how soil respiration depends on moisture is inappropriate. Because of its capability to integrate microbial traits and soil physical properties, our theory will help develop more robust soil biogeochemistry models.
True Theorems from False Conjectures.

this produces ? = if the reader con F 19 l\ tinues the process, trying the other values for c, he will identify all of the representa tions given in (2) above, as well as those , . . , /22 33 44 99\ , trivial cases I ? , ? , ?, ? ? ? ,-?1 where \22 ' 33 ' 44 ' ' 99/ the slope of the canceling line can (but need not) be considered as negative. A study of equation (6) similar to that above for (5) will produce Morley's reciprocal results identified in (1). In what follows we elect to study those cases where the numerator is larger than the denomi 1. "Problems and Solutions," American Mathe matical Monthly, August-September 1933, pp. 425-26.
Nonpulmonary Organ Failure in ARDS: What Can We Modify?

Mortality in ARDS is often driven by multiple-organ system failure.[1][1],[2][2] This deterioration is thought to be secondary to extrapulmonary organ involvement due to a complex interplay between inflammatory mediators and ongoing injury due to ventilator mechanics. A common pro-inflammatory
"It's a Double-Edged Sword": A Collaborative Autoethnography of Women of Color Higher Education and Student Affairs Administrators Who Teach in the College Classroom.

Colleges and universities looking to reduce cost often use non-tenure track instructional staff. One understudied group within the literature of non-tenure track instructional staff includes higher...
Issues Faced by Senior Women Physicians: A National Survey.

Background: As the first large numbers of female physicians complete their careers, information is needed to enable institutions and individuals to optimize the final career phase and transition to retirement of these women, as well as to help younger women physicians prepare for later phases of their careers. Materials and Methods: To identify the leading issues for older female physicians, a 34-item electronic questionnaire covering heath, finances, preparation for and attitudes about retirement, caretaking responsibilities, life-work integration, various aspects of discrimination and harassment, professional isolation, and work-related stress and burnout-incorporating standardized measures of career satisfaction was distributed through the Kansas Medical Society and nationally through the American Medical Association Senior Physicians Section newsletter to female physicians older than 60 years in 2018. A total of 155 physicians self-identified as eligible and completed at least half of the survey. Results: Respondents were 60-87 years of age, mean 70.4 (±6.4) years. The majority reported good health and being financially well prepared for retirement. Twenty percent were caretakers for grandchildren, parents, or spouses. Measures of career and job satisfaction were reasonably high, despite negative work environment and burnout scores. Problems with family/career balance, age- and gender-based discrimination and harassment, salary inequity, and professional isolation persisted throughout their careers, but diminished in frequency for senior women. Conclusions: Issues faced by younger women physicians do not disappear with age or seniority. To recruit and support female physicians, issues such as balancing family/work responsibilities, combating harassment and bias, and promoting healthy work environments must be addressed throughout their entire careers.
The Personalized A-Theory of Time and Perspective

A-theorists and B-theorists debate whether the "Now" is metaphysically distinguished from other time slices. Analogously, one may ask whether the "I" is metaphysically distinguished from other perspectives. Few philosophers would answer the second question in the affirmative. An exception is Caspar Hare, who has devoted two papers and a book to arguing for such a positive answer. In this paper, I argue that those who answer the first question in the affirmative -- A-theorists -- should also answer the second question in the affirmative. This is because key arguments in favor of the A-theory are more effective as arguments in favor of the resulting combined position, and key arguments against the A-theory are ineffective against the combined position.
Radiative decays and the SU(6) Lie algebra

We present research on radiative decays of vector (JPC = 1−−) to pseudoscalar (JPC = 0−+) particles (u, d, s, c, b, t quark system) using broken symmetry techniques in the infinite-momentum frame a...
Association of Depressive Symptoms with Sleep Disturbance: A Co-twin Control Study.

Background Few studies have comprehensively evaluated the association of depression with sleep disturbance using a controlled twin study design. Purpose To cross-sectionally evaluate the association of depression with both objective and subjective sleep disturbance. Methods We studied 246 members of the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. We measured depressive symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI) and assessed major depression using structured clinical interviews. Twins underwent one-night polysomnography and 7-day actigraphy to derive measures of objective sleep and completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index for subjective sleep. Multivariable mixed-effects models were used to examine the association. Results Twins were all male, mostly white (97%), with a mean (SD) age of 68 (2). The mean (SD) BDI was 5.9 (6.3), and 49 (20%) met the criteria for major depression. For polysomnography, each 5-unit higher BDI, within-pair, was significantly associated with 19.7 min longer rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency, and 1.1% shorter REM sleep after multivariable adjustment. BDI was not associated with sleep architecture or sleep-disordered breathing. For actigraphy, a higher BDI, within-pair, was significantly associated with lower sleep efficiency, more fragmentation and higher variability in sleep duration. BDI was associated with almost all dimensions of self-reported sleep disturbance. Results did not differ by zygosity, and remained consistent using major depression instead of BDI and were independent of the presence of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and antidepressant use. Conclusions Depression is associated with REM sleep disruption in lab and sleep fragmentation and sleep variability at home, but not with sleep architecture or sleep-disordered breathing.
From freedom to equality: Rancière and the aesthetic experience of equality

This article examines Ranciere’s political reading of aesthetics through a historical analysis into the two aesthetic theories of freedom at work in Ranciere’s philosophy; Kant’s freedom as self-governance and Schiller’s freedom as harmony. While aesthetic experience is considered morally conducive through its association with freedom, this article argues that Ranciere translates such discussions of freedom into that of equality by extracting the political dimensions of aesthetic experience. Given that art has the unique ability to empower the spectator through its aesthetic experience of equality, the true political potential of art arises from its power to redistribute the sensible rather than through the overt expression of political themes. By juxtaposing Ranciere’s politics of art with Kant’s beauty as the symbol of morality, this article argues that art becomes a symbol of political emancipation for Ranciere in its capacity to generate the experience of equality. Inasmuch as Ranciere attributes the aesthetic revolution to the eighteenth century, it becomes evident that the empowerment of the spectator has been central to art since the inauguration of the aesthetic regime.
Timing-independent testing of crosstalk in the presence of delay producing defects using surrogate fault models

All previous approaches for generating tests for crosstalk slow-downs are timing-dependent, i.e., they use the nominal values of gate and wire delays while generating tests. None of these methodologies can be used when a crosstalk slow-down must be considered in the presence of process variations and delay producing defects, since such variations and defects change the delay values from the nominal. We present the first timing-independent approach to generate tests for crosstalk slow-downs. The framework is based upon defining a set of surrogates for each crosstalk slow-down target and generating a test for each surrogate. The timing-independent conditions that a test for each surrogate must satisfy are presented. Under the pin-to-pin delay model, we prove that a set of two-vector sequences that covers every surrogate for a crosstalk slow-down target is guaranteed to detect the target, even in the presence of arbitrary delay variations and delay producing defects. We present a method to identify the crosstalk targets and surrogates for which tests must be generated as well as a test generator that we have implemented. We present extensive experimental results using combinational parts of ISCAS 89 circuits.
Utility of cetuximab-cross reactive IgE as a predictive biomarker for cetuximab associated severe infusion reactions

B24 Background : Cetuximab, a chimeric IgG1 monoclonal antibody, is approved for use in colorectal and head and neck cancers. Severe infusion reactions (SIR) occur in approximately 3% of patients receiving cetuximab; approximately 90% of reactions occur during initial infusion (ERBITUX, US Package Insert. November 2007). Higher infusion-reaction rates have been noted in the southeast regions of the United States (O’Neil B, et al. J Clin Oncol, 2007). Existing evidence indicates that most SIRs are mediated by pre-existing IgE antibodies that cross-react to cetuximab (Chung CH, et al. N Egl J Med, 2008) Objective: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the association between the presence of pretreatment IgE antibodies cross-reactive to cetuximab and the occurrence of SIRs in subjects receiving their initial infusion of cetuximab. Methods : This retrospective study was a pooled analysis of 559 banked serum or plasma samples (106 samples from case-controlled subjects, and 453 from non-case controlled subjects) to assess the presence of pretreatment IgE antibodies and their association with SIRs. Samples were taken from subjects identified as participants in either a cetuximab clinical trial protocol or as part of physician-prescribed therapy, irrespective of tumor type. Cetuximab-cross reactive IgE was detected using an ImmunoCAP ® Allergen Test. The criteria for SIR included: 1) signs and symptoms that are described as: “hypotension,” “hypoxia,” “angioedema,” “unarousable,” or “unresponsive;” 2) onset of severe infusion-related symptoms within 1 hour of the cetuximab infusion; 3) need for parenteral medications to treat reaction, and 4) physician decision to discontinue the subject from further cetuximab treatment. Results : For the subjects in the case-control subset, pre-treatment IgE antibodies cross reactive to cetuximab are significantly associated (p Conclusion: Although the presence of cetuximab-cross reactive IgE cannot completely account for all cases of cetuximab-related infusion reactions, these findings suggest a close association between the presence of pretreatment IgE antibodies cross-reactive to cetuximab and the occurrence of severe hypersensitivity reactions in subjects receiving their initial infusion of cetuximab.
Limit theorems for multitype continuous time Markov branching processes

In this sequel to [1] we develop limit theorems for the stochastic process {η · X(t); t>=0} where η is a general vector in the k dimensional complex vector space. Using the spectral representation of M(t) one can define for η three parameters: a real number a=a(η), an integer γ=γ(η) and an index set I=I(η). If 2a<λ1 then there exist random variables Y j and real numbers b j for jeI (η) such that $$Z(t) \equiv \eta \cdot X(t)e^{ - at} t^\gamma - \sum\limits_{j \in I(\eta )} {Y_j e^{ibjr} } $$ converges to zero in mean square. If 2a<=λ1 the same results as in the eigenvector case hold.
Adopting immunization recommendations: a new dissemination model.

Objective: This paper presents a new approach for understanding factors related to physician adoption of clinical guidelines, using children's vaccine recommendations as a case study. Methods: The model traces sequential steps, from awareness to agreement to adoption and, finally, adherence to the guideline. Movement through these stages can be catalyzed or retarded by many influences, grouped into two major categories: environmental characteristics of the physician's practice, and information characteristics of the guideline. Environmental characteristics include sociocultural factors, professional characteristics, and practice organization factors. Information characteristics include the guideline's relative advantage, complexity, and compatibility with existing guidelines and protocols, as well as mechanisms of guideline dissemination. Implications: This model can be used to identify characteristics that will likely impede or facilitate guideline adoption, and to focus dissemination efforts on key issues.
Visual and chemical cues used in host location and acceptance by a dipteran parasitoid.

Locating potential hosts for egg laying is a critical challenge in the life history of many insects. Female insects in several orders have evolved mechanisms to find hosts by using olfactory and visual signals derived from their hosts. We describe visual and chemical cues used by the dipteran parasitoid Apocephalus paraponerae (Diptera: Phoridae) in the location and acceptance of its host ant Paraponera clavata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Our results show that A. paraponerae uses the visual cue of ant body size when locating hosts at short range and that these flies lay more eggs in ants that retain their surface chemicals than in ants with these chemicals removed. We compare the cues used by A. paraponerae with cues used by tephritid fruit flies in location and acceptance of their hosts, and we suggest further avenues for the study of host location, acceptance, and host discrimination of A. paraponerae and other parasitoids of ants.
Multi-probe interface characterization of In 0.65 Ga 0.35 As/Al 2 O 3 MOSFET

Through a combination of measurement techniques, we study the interface properties of In0.65Ga0.35As transistor with ALD deposited Al2O3 gate dielectric. We show that the interface trap density at In0.65Ga0.35As/Al2O3 interface can be relatively high, but the transistor still exhibits inversion characteristics. A detailed profiling of the interface traps shows that majority of the interface traps are donor-like, and explains the absence of Fermi level pinning in spite of the high interface trap density.
X-Rays Associated with High Energy Particles

A number of recent results in X-ray astronomy, particularly from the Einstein Observatory, are relevant to the acceleration or interaction of high energy particles. X-ray observations of M stars by the Einstein Observatory indicate that their frequent flares include X-ray emission. The correspondence of the flux and duration of M star X-ray flares to those of solar flares can be used to estimate the rate of >200 MeV proton injection into the galaxy. Given the uncertainties, there is no disagreement with the cosmic ray density. Thus, a two stage acceleration process may be viable at least for protons.
Cultural dynamics in sexual and reproductive health. Reflections on prevention programs in Latino communities in the United States

This presentation focuses on the thesis that successful attainment of sexual and reproductive health promotion goals in U.S. Latino communities depends on: 1) the effect of the transcultural and transnational experience in explanatory models of sexuality and human reproduction, 2) the reassessment and redefinition of women's power, 3) the inclusion of men in sexual health education programs, 4) the integration of sexual health education in community systems, and 5) the development of education interventions with economic development components.
Ultrafast control of a surface plasmon resonance via the insulator to metal transition in VO2 nanoparticles

We report on the study of the ultrafast insulator-to-metal transition in nanoparticles of strongly correlated VO2. The particles are grown by ion-implantation and self-assembly in a Silica matrix and can be switched between the insulating and metallic phase within less than 100 fs. The prompt formation of the metallic state results in the appearance of a surface-plasmon resonance that is absent in the bulk and can be further tailored by controlling the particle shape.
Coupon Remedies in Antitrust Cases: The Form of the Discount also Matters

Buyers injured by price fixing may file damage actions which often end with cash compensation to the injured. Compensation in the form of coupons (or scrip) has been growing since 1975, however, despite the fact that a wide variety of market and redemption characteristics can affect the (lack of) worth of scrip in the post-settlement period. This paper analyzes, in a representative framework, how three different monetary forms that scrip can take affect the way scrip performs. It finds that scrip which gives a fixed absolute money discount off price (rather than either a percentage discount or the right to buy at a defined price) performs worst. It provides the least compensation to the injured scrip-receiving buyers, the most injury to non-scrip-receiving buyers, the lowest level of deterrence to price fixing, and it harms the efficiency of that product market. The paper also finds that 90% of the $1.22 billion in scrip issued since 1975 in 36 identified settlements is of this fixed absolute money discount form.
Fate and remnants of Majorana zero modes in a quantum wire array

Experimental signatures of Majorana zero modes in a single superconducting quantum wire with spin-orbit coupling have been reported as zero-bias peaks in tunneling spectroscopy. We study whether these zero modes can persist in an array of coupled wires, and if not, what their remnant might be. The bulk exhibits topologically distinct gapped phases and an intervening gapless phase. Even though the bulk pairing structure is topological, the interaction between Majorana zero modes and superfluid phases leads to spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking. Consequently, edge supercurrent loops emerge and edge Majorana fermions are in general gapped out except when the number of chains is odd, in which case one Majorana fermion survives.