cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract W P360: A Hypertensive Reversible Encephalomyelitis Syndrome (HyRES)

Introduction: Six patients have been described in the published literature with a clinical and radiographic presentation consistent with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), but who also had extensive spinal cord lesions on MRI. We add two additional cases and after analyzing all eight cases have discovered characteristic patterns. In light of the already wide definition of PRES, we propose a new syndrome named hypertensive reversible encephalomyelitis syndrome or HyRES. Methods: We searched the Medline database using the terms “spinal PRES” and “spinal hypertensive encephalopathy,” which led to the identification of four case reports, that referenced another two cases. We analyzed these six cases in addition to our two cases. Results: Average age was 31 with five male and three female. All patients had severe acute hypertension and a longitudinally extensive myelitis with a confluent, expansive central cord T2 hyperintensity greater than 4 spinal segments in length, always involving the c...
Green's functions and eigenvalue comparisons for a focal problem on time scales

Abstract The study of dynamic systems on time scales unifies continuous and discrete processes. In this paper, we shall examine Green's function for an n th-order focal boundary value problem. With this, we can then consider eigenvalue comparisons for higher-order focal boundary value problems on time scales using the theory of operators on a Banach space.
Regulation of pituitary GnRH receptor and gonadotropin subunits by IGF1 and GnRH in prepubertal male coho salmon.

Abstract Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a key somatotropic hormone that may convey growth status to the reproductive endocrine system. This study examined effects of IGF1 alone or in combination with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on pituitary transcripts for GnRH receptor (GnRHR) variants, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), growth hormone (GH), and IGF, as well as secretion of FSH in vitro . Three experiments were conducted with dispersed pituitary cells of prepubertal male coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) to determine the time course of the response to IGF1, IGF1 concentration response, and GnRH concentration response. IGF1 consistently elevated pituitary transcripts for gnrhr1 and the four gonadotropin subunits ( fshb , lhb , cga1 , and cga2 ) by day 10 of culture, while suppressing gh and igf2 . Short-term treatment with GnRH (24 h) induced minor increases in transcripts for fshb , cga1 , and cga2 , but suppressed lhb and strongly inhibited gnrhr1 expression. IGF1 significantly increased GnRH-stimulated FSH protein release by the pituitary cells, although not as robustly as previously observed in more reproductively advanced salmon. Our results demonstrate that IGF1 increases steady-state mRNA levels of gnrhr1 and four gonadotropin subunits, and may act alone or with GnRH to increase pituitary FSH release in male coho salmon, over 1 year before puberty. These findings suggest that IGF1 may prime pituitary gonadotrope cells of prepubertal salmon to respond to GnRH by stimulating synthesis of GnRHR and FSH during puberty onset.
The Current Extractions Channel of the Nevis Synchrocyclotron Conversion Project

A current channel has been designed (computer) with a total septum thickness including supports of 0.150 in. It provides a field jump of over 6 kG and a gradient of over 1.5 kG/in. The direction of the gradient is such that the channel field superimposed on the fringing field of the cyclotron magnet produces a radially focusing field. The heat load and the power dissipation in the septum will be greatly reduced by having the septum flare out from 0.125 in. at the upstream end of the channel to about 0.600 in. at the downstream end. This reduces the power consumption in the septum to 40 kW.
Boundary Control of PDEs via Curvature Flows: the View from the Boundary, II

Abstract. We describe some results on the exact boundary controllability of the wave equation on an orientable two-dimensional Riemannian manifold with nonempty boundary. If the boundary has positive geodesic curvature, we show that the problem is controllable in finite time if (and only if) there are no closed geodesics in the interior of the manifold. This is done by solving a parabolic problem to construct a convex function. We exhibit an example for which control from a subset of the boundary is possible, but cannot be proved by means of convex functions. We also describe a numerical implementation of this method.
Solvent effects on the nonlinear optical response of a potentiometric biological imaging dye

To understand the electronic mechanisms for the electric-field sensitive second-harmonic response of di-8-4-(2-[6-(dioctylamino)-2-naphthalenyl]ethneyl)-1-(3-sulfopropyl) pryridinium inner salt in biological membranes, we have measured its nonlinear optical hyperpolarizability using a combination of hyper-Rayleigh scattering and linear optical properties in solvent environments of various polarity. Changes in the first hyperpolarizabilities are discussed by modeling experimental inputs from the solvatochromic effect in linear absorption and appropriate dispersion relations near the two-photon resonance. We find that both frequency-dependent and frequency-independent effects make significant contributions to the response, and the strongest response is on the low-energy side of the two-photon resonance, while the weakest response is on the high-energy side of the two-photon resonance.
Spatially Spread Dipole/Loop Quads/Quints: For Direction Finding and Polarization Estimation

This letter shows how the four/five spatially noncollocated dipoles/loops by themselves suffice for multisource azimuth/elevation direction finding and polarization estimation. The mutual coupling across the antennas is reduced, and the array-aperture is extended to enhance the direction-of-arrival estimation accuracy since the intersensor spacings are far larger than a half-wavelength. The Cramer-Rao bounds are also derived to evaluate the performance of the proposed array schemes.
Sensitivity and stability of a radiation-balanced laser system

It has been previously shown that it is theoretically possible to build a solid-state laser that generates no internal heat. This is accomplished through a detailed balance of the stimulated and spontaneous emission. Such a device is called a radiation-balanced laser. Here, we analyze laser operation when conditions deviate from perfect balance. Sensitivity and stability analyses are presented for perturbations in the field parameters and temperature. We show that the radiation balance is a stable equilibrium under both transient and steady-state perturbations. Limits are derived on the magnitude of allowable spatial perturbations, and techniques for spatial mode matching are discussed. Numerical simulations of 1-/spl mu/m laser operation of Yb-doped potassium gadolinium tungstate are provided as an example.
Activity Structure and Social Interactions with Peers in Developmentally Integrated Play Groups

Previous attempts to determine the impact of activity structure on the frequency of social interaction among preschoolers have been inconclusive. Yet the teacher's structuring of play activities is a relatively low-cost manipulation that, if effective in increasing peer interactions, might be extremely useful to those concerned with mainstreaming preschool children with disabilities. In this study, 20 children with disabilities and 8 normally developing children were observed while they participated in activities from an experimental curriculum designed to foster social integration. We predicted that (1) more peer interaction would be observed in play activities that were more structured and (2) teacher interaction rates would not be related to activity structure ratings. Both hypotheses were supported. Rates of peer interaction for children with and without disabilities covaried with activity structure ratings. Among the children with disabilities, rate of peer interaction correlated positively with both...
Abstract 5020: Characterization of epidermal stem cells in SKH1 hairless mice, a widely used mouse model to investigate ultraviolet radiation carcinogenesis.

Human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common type of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) after basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in US. Evidence indicates that the precursor cells are the precursor cells for the origin of SCC. The SCCs probably arise from bulge stem cell niche of hair follicle but not from the transit amplifying cells of epidermis. The SKH1 hairless mice is a widely used mouse model for ultraviolet radiation (UV)-induced carcinogenesis. However, SKH1 mice have never been evaluated for status of skin stem cell probably due to absence of hair and other associated hairless phenotype. It has recently become possible to isolate living hair follicle stem and progenitor cells from mouse skin because of the discovery of cell surface marker (CD34) that facilitate enrichment. The cell surface protein CD34, more widely known as a hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell marker, was found to be uniquely expressed in the mouse hair follicle bulge region using immunohistochemistry staining techniques. In addition, CD34 expression was restricted to the hair follicle regardless of hair follicle stage, making this a potentially important tool for selected enrichment of hair follicle bulge region keratinocytes. In combination with alpha 6-integrin staining and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), CD34 is used to successfully isolate a small population of CD34+/alpha 6-integrin+ cells from a single cell preparation of mouse keratinocytes. CD34-expressing keratinocytes were confirmed to have properties consistent with stem and progenitor cells in that they were shown to be slowly cycling and have a high proliferative capacity in culture, growing larger colonies relative to those from CD34− keratinocytes. In the present experiments, the SKH1 mouse skin stem cell population was identified using stem cell markers (CD34+/α6-integrin+, Keratin-15, Gli1, and Sox9). The results of FACS analysis of live cells, isolated from untreated SKH1 mouse skin, indicate that there are 0.23% CD34+ and 1.05% CD34+/α6-integrin+ cells. The FACS sorted double positive (CD34+/α6-integrin+) stem cells of SKH1 are also observed to be positive for K15, Gli1, and Sox9 markers of stem cells in cytospin slides. In summary, the quantitative FACS analysis and qualitative immunofluorescence data in skin tissues confirms the presence of the stem cell populations in SKH1 mice. Support: (RO1CA102431). Citation Format: Ashok Singh, Anupama Singh, Ajit K. Verma. Characterization of epidermal stem cells in SKH1 hairless mice, a widely used mouse model to investigate ultraviolet radiation carcinogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5020. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5020
RADIOACTIVE IODINE AS AN INDICATOR IN THYROID PHYSIOLOGY III. IODINE COLLECTION AS A CRITERION OF THYROID FUNCTION IN RABBITS INJECTED WITH THYROTROPIC HORMONE1

IN PREVIOUS PUBLICATIONS (I, 2) we have discussed the collection of iodine by the thyroid in short intervals after injection. The experiments described covered both normal and hyperplastic glands. The thyroid iodine collection was referred to the size and gross appearance of the gland, and to the method of treatment of the animal. Those experiments, while quantitative, involved parameters which were known not to be uniquely or specifically indicative of thyroid function. The data served, however, to establish approximately the iodine collection by the gland in various functional states. The present experiments were designed to correlate the iodine collection with known criteria of thyroid function, in particular the basal metabolic rate and the mean acinar cell height. This paper will be concerned with rabbits injected with anterior pituitary thyrotropic hormone. The standard dose of thyrotropic hormone was nominally 15 guinea pig units of anterior pituitary thyrotropic hormone,2 administered subcutaneous...
Autonomic correlates of meditation and hypnosis.

Abstract Peripheral autonomic responses during meditation and autohypnosis are compared with controls. HR, Resp, and GSR were assessed during a meditation/hypnosis period and compared to both pre- and post-baseline conditions for three groups of 10 Ss each: Transcendental Meditators, Ss trained in autohypnosis, and control Ss. All Ss were selected for high susceptibility to hypnosis. There were no significant differences between groups on any initial baseline measures. All groups showed a marked reduction of all autonomic measures during the experimental period. Meditators showed a more persistent reduction of HR extending into the post-baseline condition. The results suggest that, at least for the measures investigated, meditation and hypnosis do not differ markedly from each other nor from instructed relaxation.
Cks1-dependent proteasome recruitment and activation of CDC20 transcription in budding yeast

Cks proteins are small evolutionarily conserved proteins that interact genetically and physically with cyclin-dependent kinases. However, in spite of a large body of genetic, biochemical and structural research, no compelling unifying model of their functions has emerged. Here we show, by investigating the essential role of Cks1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, that the protein is primarily involved in promoting mitosis by modulating the transcriptional activation of the APC/C protein-ubiquitin ligase activator Cdc20. Cks1 is required for both the periodic dissociation of Cdc28 kinase from the CDC20 promoter and the periodic association of the proteasome with the promoter. We propose that the essential role of Cks1 is to recruit the proteasome to, and/or dissociate the Cdc28 kinase from, the CDC20 promoter, thus facilitating transcription by remodelling transcriptional complexes or chromatin associated with the CDC20 gene.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 gene polymorphisms and haplotypes are associated with plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 levels but not with myocardial infarction or stroke.

Background The 4G allele in the promoter region of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) gene is associated with higher plasma PAI-1 levels and activity, but its association with cardiovascular diseases is unclear. We investigated the association of polymorphisms and common haplotypes of the PAI-1 gene with plasma PAI-1 levels, as well as the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. Methods and Results This study is a prospective analysis of 2995 community-based participants (41% blacks and 51% women) aged 70 to 79 years old in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. From 1997/1998 to 2001, 177 myocardial infarction events and 101 stroke events were identified. In addition to the 4G/5G polymorphism, 2 potential functional variants and other 4 haplotype-tagging variants were genotyped. In general linear models, the 4G allele was associated with higher PAI-1 levels after adjusting for age, sex, race, and site (26, 29, and 32 ng/mL for 5G/5G, 4G/5G, and 4G/4G, respectively; P for trend Conclusions The 4G allele is associated with higher PAI-1 levels, but this study does not support an association of the PAI gene polymorphisms with the risk of either myocardial infarction or stroke.
ENTRAINMENT CORRELATIONS BASED ON A FUEL/WATER STRATIFIED SHEAR FLOW

The purpose of this work was twofold: first, to develop correlations for the entrainment of small fuel droplets into water in a stratified fuel/water shear flow; second, to implement the correlations in a CFD code and validate it with experimental effluent fuel concentration data. It is assumed that the droplets act as passive scalars and are advected far from their generation regions where they may cause fuel contamination problems far down-stream. This work relied upon extensive experimental data obtained from a stably stratified shear flow: droplet number, droplet PDF, fluid fraction and velocity field data. The droplet data was expressed as a nondimensional entrainment velocity (E) for the volume flux of fuel due to small droplets. The fluid fraction and velocity fields at the interface were expressed in terms of Richardson numbers (Ri). It was found that E = Ce Ri−n where n = 1 and Ce is a constant, gives a good fit for the two experimental velocity cases. The best correlation was implemented in a computational simulation of the stably stratified shear flow, and the results show that the simulation can predict the entrainment quite well. A second simulation was performed for a flow with energetic vertical buoyant jets (“buoyant flow events”) and stably stratified shear flows with very large Richardson numbers. In this case, the simulations underpredicted effluent fuel concentrations by two orders of magnitude. Ad hoc corrections to the entrainment correlations show marked improvements.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
GLUCOCORTICOID AND THYROID HORMONE STIMULATION OF PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE (PC) SYNTHESIS IN CULTURED HUMAN FETAL LUNG

We examined effects of dexamethasone (DEX) and T3 on PC synthesis in 40 specimens of human fetal lung (15-22 wk gestation) cultured for 4-8 d in serum-free Waymouth's medium with 95% air/5% CO2 on a rocker platform. In the absence of hormones, there was no consistent change in choline incorporation into PC and saturated PC during culture; PC content was 18.3 ± 2.3 μg PC-Pi/mg DNA in preculture tissue and 39.4 ± 3.4 (n=13) after 7 d culture. Choline into PC was stimulated by T3, DEX, and T3+DEX 11.9 ± 4.8, 36.6 ± 11.7, and 107 ± 36.5% (n=7), respectively, after 2 d exposure, and 51.6 ± 12.6, 103.4 ± 14.2, and 165 ± 16.8% after 6 d exposure. The content of PC increased 37.0 ± 7.6, 90.3 ± 16, and 125 ± 22% after 6 d with T3, DEX, and T3+DEX, respectively. The % saturation of newly synthesized PC was 19.9 ± 1.8, 20.9 ± 2.1, 26.4 ± 1.5 (P < .05), and 26.0 ± 1.8 (P < .05) in control, T3-, DEX-, and T3+DEX-treated cultures, respectively. Stimulation occurred by 24 h and was optimal after 4-6 d of exposure to the hormones. DEX was optimal at ˜10 nM and T3 at ˜1 nM. Cortisol was about 10% as potent as DEX and estriol was inactive. T4 and rT3 were about 10% and 1% as potent as T3. We conclude that both DEX and T3 increase saturated PC synthesis in cultured human lung, apparently acting through receptor-mediated mechanisms. We suggest that combined hormonal treatment may be more effective than glucocorticoid alone in stimulating surfactant synthesis.
Sex Ratio and Sexual Dimorphism in Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Adults on Yellow Sticky Traps in Corn

Field studies were conducted in 1993 to investigate a possible sexual dimorphism in the elytra coloration pattern of western com rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, adults, and to compare the sex ratio of adults captured on 2 types (Olson and Pherocon AM) of commercial yellow sticky traps with those obtained by aspiration. Striped and solid variationsin elytra pattern were found in both sexes. Of the western corn rootworm adults that exhibited the solid elytra pattern, >99% captured on yellow stickytraps and 97% collected by aspiration were male. In contrast, of those adults which exhibited the striped elytra pattern, 79% captured on yellow stickytraps and 42% collected by aspiration were male. Sex ratio of adults varied significantly over time and among sampling methods. Sticky traps captured a significantly greater proportion of males compared with aspiration. No significant difference in sex ratio was found between the 2 types of sticky traps; however,the Olson trap captured significantly more com rootworm adults overall than the modified Pherocon AM trap.
The Boron Abundance of the Orion G-Dwarf Member BD –05°1317

The boron abundance is derived for the young Orion solar-type member BD -05°1317 from Hubble Space Telescope Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph spectra of the B I resonance lines near 2497 A. The abundance of log (B) = 2.1 ± 0.2 is ~0.6-0.7 dex below solar. As this young pre-main-sequence star has an undepleted lithium abundance, such a low boron abundance in a near-solar metallicity star is unexpected. No simple explanation apparently accounts for the low boron abundance observed for this star. A comparison of the boron and oxygen abundances in BD -05°1317 with those of other near-solar metallicity disk stars suggests that there might be a large scatter (~0.8 dex) in the boron abundance at a given oxygen abundance. Such a scatter also has been reported in the literature for beryllium at a given metallicity.
Uncovering novel biochemistry in the mechanism of tryptophan tryptophylquinone cofactor biosynthesis

Catalytic quinone cofactors derived from post-translational modification of amino acid residues within the enzyme polypeptide have roles in a variety of biological processes ranging from metabolism in bacteria to inflammation and connective tissue maturation in humans. In recent years, studies of the biosynthesis of one of these cofactors, tryptophan tryptophylquinone (TTQ), have provided examples of novel chemistry that is required for the generation of these protein-derived cofactors. A novel c-type diheme enzyme, MauG, catalyzes a six-electron oxidation that completes TTQ biosynthesis in a 119-kDa protein substrate. The post-translational modification reactions proceed via an unprecedented Fe(V) equivalent catalytic intermediate comprising two hemes; one an Fe(IV)=O and the other a six-coordinate Fe(IV) with axial ligands provided by amino acid residues. This high-valent diheme species is an alternative to Compound I, an Fe(IV)=O heme with a porphyrin or amino acid cation radical, which is typically the reactive intermediate of heme-dependent oxygenases and peroxidases.
UGV: security analysis of subsystem control network

Unmanned Ground vehicles (UGVs) are becoming prolific in the heterogeneous superset of robotic platforms. The sensors which provide odometry, localization, perception, and vehicle diagnostics are fused to give the robotic platform a sense of the environment it is traversing. The automotive industry CAN bus has dominated the industry due to the fault tolerance and the message structure allowing high priority messages to reach the desired node in a real time environment. UGVs are being researched and produced at an accelerated rate to preform arduous, repetitive, and dangerous missions that are associated with a military action in a protracted conflict. The technology and applications of the research will inevitably be turned into dual-use platforms to aid civil agencies in the performance of their various operations. Our motivation is security of the holistic system; however as subsystems are outsourced in the design, the overall security of the system may be diminished. We will focus on the CAN bus topology and the vulnerabilities introduced in UGVs and recognizable security vulnerabilities that are inherent in the communications architecture. We will show how data can be extracted from an add-on CAN bus that can be customized to monitor subsystems. The information can be altered or spoofed to force the vehicle to exhibit unwanted actions or render the UGV unusable for the designed mission. The military relies heavily on technology to maintain information dominance, and the security of the information introduced onto the network by UGVs must be safeguarded from vulnerabilities that can be exploited.
The Pachytene Chromosome Complement of Hibiscus cannabinus

The complete pachytene complement of 18 bivalents from a single pollen mother cell of Hibiscus cannabinus is described. The bivalents are differentiated into short chromatic proximal regions and long achromatic distal regions which terminate without telochromomeres. Morphological relationships do not suggest that the present basic chromosome number of 18 arose by polyploidy from 9-chromosome genomes. Distal segment ratios, however, fall more or less into six groups of three, which may reflect ancient origin from 6-chromosome genomes.
15 kDa Granulysin versus GM-CSF for monocytes differentiation: analogies and differences at the transcriptome level

Granulysin is an antimicrobial and proinflammatory protein with several isoforms. While the 9 kDa isoform is a well described cytolytic molecule with pro-inflammatory activity, the functions of the 15 kDa isoform is less well understood. Recently it was shown that 15 kDa Granulysin can act as an alarmin that is able to activate monocytes and immature dendritic cells. Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) is a growth factor widely used in immunotherapy both for in vivo and ex vivo applications, especially for its proliferative effects. We analyzed gene expression profiles of monocytes cultured with 15 kDa Granulysin or GM-CSF for 4, 12, 24 and 48 hours to unravel both similarities and differences between the effects of these stimulators. The analysis revealed a common signature induced by both factors at each time point, but over time, a more specific signature for each factor became evident. At all time points, 15 kDa Granulysin induced immune response, chemotaxis and cell adhesion genes. In addition, only 15 kDa Granulsyin induced the activation of pathways related to fundamental dendritic cell functions, such as co-stimulation of T-cell activation and Th1 development. GM-CSF specifically down-regulated genes related to cell cycle arrest and the immune response. More specifically, cytokine production, lymphocyte mediated immunity and humoral immune response were down-regulated at late time points. This study provides important insights on the effects of a novel agent, 15 kDa granulysin, that holds promise for therapeutic applications aimed at the activation of the immune response.
Interpreting higher order interactions in log-linear analysis.

In the present article, I call for a change in focus in the log-linear analysis of multiway contingency tables. Up to this point, researchers have concentrated largely on procedures for finding the model that most adequately fits the observed data. In many cases, the best fitting model contains one or more complex, higher order interactions involving several variables. It is often desirable to understand the pattern of these interactions. In this article, I present a procedure for substantively interpreting such higher order interactions. This procedure is based on the analogy between log-linear analysis and the general linear model. An example taken from the occupational aspirations literature illustrates the application of the procedure. With the development of the log-linear method, the analysis of nominal and ordinal variables in multiway contingency tables has attained a sophistication comparable to that found in the use of the general linear model to analyze interval and ratio variables. Complex conditional relations can now be discerned, and the procedure allows one to select a model containing such relations that best fits the observed data. (See Bishop, Feinberg, & Holland, 1975; Feinberg, 1981; or Goodman & Magidson, 1978, for a complete presentation and examples of the procedure.) Recently, psychologists have begun to make more extensive use of log-linear analysis (Bonett & Bentler, 1983; Kriska M to determine whether the hypotheses are supported in confirmatory analysis or to extend one's theory in exploratory analysis, one must understand the pattern of the higher order interaction. In the present article, I present a procedure for interpreting such higher order interactions. To illustrate the procedure, I reanalyze a five-dimensional contingency table taken from an investigation of occupational aspirations. Consider Table 1, taken from Sewell and Orenstein's (1965) investigation of occupational aspirations of Wisconsin high school seniors. Staring at the table does relatively little to help one identify the patterns of association in the table, especially when one admits that these associations might be quite complex. In applying log-linear analysis to this table, contingent relations that escaped prior analysis come to light, revealing new insights into the determinants of occupational aspirations. Further, the procedure described below provides comprehensible and theoretically meaningful interpretations for any such higher order interactions.
Effectiveness of a Death-Education Program in Reducing Death Anxiety of Nursing Students.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a death education program in reducing death anxiety experienced by nursing students. Twenty-two junior and thirty-two senior baccalaureate nursing students in a private sectarian liberal arts college were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. All participants were pre- and posttested with the State Form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory following the viewing of a film depicting a death experience. Posttest analysis indicated that the death education program was effective in decreasing the death anxiety of some of the seniors, but it had an opposite effect on some of the juniors. This discrepancy in findings could result from the fact that seniors had prior supervised clinical experience with dying patients, and juniors did not have this experience.
Immune complex-mediated complement activation in bullous pemphigoid.

Abstract This chapter discusses (1) methods for detecting and measuring activation of the complement (C) system and generation of C-derived chemotactic activity by immune complexes formed at the cutaneous basement membrane zone (BMZ); (2) the results of studies investigating that activity in bullous pemphigoid (BP) and related blistering diseases; and (3) the significance of the results to mechanisms of inflammation in BP. The results provide functional evidence supporting pathologic and biochemical studies that suggest chemotactic factors other than those derived from immune complex-mediated C activation are important in the initial recruitment of leukocytes into BP lesions. The results also support recent immunohistologic and immunoultrastructural evidence that there is a significant pool of BP antigen in normal viable skin that is inaccessible to BP antibodies and suggest this pool may be important in amplifying inflammation in evolving BP lesions.
Enzymatic synthesis of arginine phosphate with coupled ATP cofactor regeneration

Abstract Arginine phosphate, a compound having high phosphate transfer potential which occurs in invertebrates, has been prepared in a 2-mol scale by enzymatic synthesis from arginine and ATP using arginine kinase as catalyst. ATP was regenerated in situ , using phosphoenolpyruvate or acetylphosphate as the ultimate phosphate donors.
Phase correction in holographically produced gratings

Abstract Several technques for producing holographic optical elements that are free from the inherent phase errors of their substrate irregularities are given.
Boundary Layer State and Flow Field Structure Underlying Rotational Augmentation of Blade Aerodynamic Response

Blade rotation routinely and significantly augments aerodynamic forces during zero yaw horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) operation. To better understand the flow physics underlying this phenomenon, time dependent blade surface pressure data were acquired from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Unsteady Aerodynamics Experiment (UAE), a full-scale HAWT tested in the NASA Ames 80-by-120-foot wind tunnel. Time records of surface pressures and normal force were processed to obtain means and standard deviations. Surface pressure means and standard deviations were analyzed to identify boundary layer separation and shear layer impingement locations. Separation and impingement kinematics were then correlated with normal force behavior. Results showed that rotational augmentation was linked to specific separation and impingement behaviors, and to associated three-dimensionality in surface pressure distributions.
First Year on the Faculty: Being There.

Abstract Approximately 100 geographers were studied as they made the transition from graduate student to full‐time academic appointments. Information is presented about six factors that significantly affected both their performance and their professional satisfaction. Recommendations are made for graduate students applying for academic positions, for new faculty members and for departments receiving new faculty members.
Interaural spectral asymmetry and sensitivity to interaural time differences.

Listeners’ ability to discriminate interaural time difference (ITD) changes in low-frequency noise was determined as a function of differences in the noise spectra delivered to each ear. An ITD was applied to Gaussian noise, which was bandpass filtered using identical high-pass, but different low-pass cutoff frequencies across ears. Thus, one frequency region was dichotic, and a higher-frequency region monotic. ITD thresholds increased as bandwidth to one ear (i.e., monotic bandwidth) increased, despite the fact that the region of interaural spectral overlap remained constant. Results suggest that listeners can process ITD differences when the spectra at two ears are moderately different.
A device for recording single unit activity in freely-moving rats by a movable fine-wire microelectrode.

Abstract A device is described for recording single-unit activity in freely-moving rats by a movable fine-wire microelectrode.
Barriers to breast cancer screening in older women: A review

As health care reform unfolds over the next several years, nurse-midwives will be increasingly addressing issues of health care in women of all ages across the life span. For older women, a prevalent condition that has received minimal attention in this age group has been breast cancer. Distinctions have been noted in the literature between older and younger women in terms of the biology, screening, and treatment of breast cancer. Despite theories that breast tumors in older individuals are more indolent and slower growing than those found in younger women, older women's mortality from breast cancer is higher. Although part of this is theorized to be due to other biologic processes, such as increased immune suppression with aging, it appears that most of the distinction between the courses of breast cancer in older and younger individuals has been related to decreased screening during advanced age. This manuscript describes the individual client, health care provider, and health care system barriers to each of the three major elements of breast cancer screening—breast self-examination, clinical breast examination, and mammography. Suggestions and caveats including ethical, legal, and political issues regarding breast cancer screening in older women are presented.
Sparse Group Selection on Fused Lasso Components for Identifying Group-Specific DNA Copy Number Variations

Detecting DNA copy number variations (CNVs) from arrayCGH or genotyping-array data to correlate with cancer outcomes is crucial for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer. Previous methods either focus on detecting CNVs in each individual patient sample or common CNVs across all the patient samples. These methods ignore the discrepancies introduced by the heterogeneity in the patient samples, which implies that common CNVs might only be shared within some groups of samples instead of all samples. In this paper, we propose a latent feature model that couples sparse sample group selection with fused lasso on CNV components to identify group-specific CNVs. Assuming a given group structure on patient samples by clinical information, sparse group selection on fused lasso (SGS-FL) identifies the optimal latent CNV components, each of which is specific to the samples in one or several groups. The group selection for each CNV component is determined dynamically by an adaptive algorithm to achieve a desired sparsity. Simulation results show that SGS-FL can more accurately identify the latent CNV components when there is a reliable underlying group structure in the samples. In the experiments on arrayCGH breast cancer and bladder cancer datasets, SGS-FL detected CNV regions that are more relevant to cancer, and provided latent feature weights that can be used for better sample classification.
The loss of substrate from a vial during freeze‐drying using escherichia coli as a trace organism

The potential for ablation during product freeze-drying has been assessed using a defined area surrounding the processed vial. This technique has enabled media formulations to be compared. The paper suggests ways in which the mini-chambers may be used to investigate the extent of ablation and methods for reducing contamination of a freeze-drier by ablation.
Silver-coated nylon dressing plus active DC microcurrent for healing of autogenous skin donor sites.

Introduction Burn wounds are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, and improved outcomes are demonstrated with early closure of both primary burn wounds and skin donor sites. Thus, technology that decreases the healing time of burns and donor sites would be potentially lifesaving. We present the results of a single-center, prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of silver-coated dressing with active microcurrent in comparison to silver-coated dressing with sham microcurrent on wound-closure time for autogenous skin donor sites. Methods Four hundred five patients were screened for treatment of their donor sites using a silver-coated nylon dressing with either sham or active microcurrent stimulation. Thirty patients were enrolled in the study and then randomized. Of these, 5 patients were removed from analysis due to protocol deviations. Differences in time-to-closure were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and the proportional hazard regression model. Subjective verbal pain rating scores (0–10; 0, no pain; 10, worst pain) were also recorded. All devices were blinded and programmed at an outside facility, so that every patient had either an active or sham device. The study was unblinded only after the final patient’s donor site had healed. All patients achieved donor-site healing before postoperative day 20. The 14 patients in the active microcurrent group [mean, 10.8 (2.9) days; range, 7–15 days] experienced no difference in time to wound healing as compared to the remaining patients in the sham microcurrent group [mean, 11.1 (2.0) days; range, 8–14 days; P = 0.75]. There were no differences in pain from one group compared to the other. None of the donor sites exhibited clinical signs of infection. Conclusions In a sample size of 25 burn patients, the addition of direct microcurrent to silver-nylon dressings did not decrease time to wound closure of skin donor sites, and it did not show a difference in reported pain levels.
Depression through the ages.

This commentary praises the authors' substantial achievement in their review of the controversial area of biological modeling in depression. While definitive conclusions are as of yet impractical, particularly in reference to the multifaceted but largely uncharted relationship between aging and depression, students of the field will be well served to have this reveiw as one of their starting points.
Modeling Englacial Radar Attenuation at Siple Dome, West Antarctica, Using Ice Chemistry and Temperature Data

[1] The radar reflectivity of an ice-sheet bed is a primary measurement for discriminating between thawed and frozen beds. Uncertainty in englacial radar attenuation and its spatial variation introduces corresponding uncertainty in estimates of basal reflectivity. Radar attenuation is proportional to ice conductivity, which depends on the concentrations of acid and sea-salt chloride and the temperature of the ice. We synthesize published conductivity measurements to specify an ice-conductivity model and find that some of the dielectric properties of ice at radar frequencies are not yet well constrained. Using depth profiles of ice-core chemistry and borehole temperature and an average of the experimental values for the dielectric properties, we calculate an attenuation rate profile for Siple Dome, West Antarctica. The depth-averaged modeled attenuation rate at Siple Dome (20.0 ± 5.7 dB km−1) is somewhat lower than the value derived from radar profiles (25.3 ± 1.1 dB km−1). Pending more experimental data on the dielectric properties of ice, we can match the modeled and radar-derived attenuation rates by an adjustment to the value for the pure ice conductivity that is within the range of reported values. Alternatively, using the pure ice dielectric properties derived from the most extensive single data set, the modeled depth-averaged attenuation rate is 24.0 ± 2.2 dB km−1. This work shows how to calculate englacial radar attenuation using ice chemistry and temperature data and establishes a basis for mapping spatial variations in radar attenuation across an ice sheet.
Chemistry of Greenland Ice Sheet studied

The first ice coring project to include a major emphasis on the study of atmospheric processes and changes in the Greenland Ice Sheet that influence the chemistry of the ice core began in April of this year under the auspices of the Greenland Ice Sheet Project Two (GISP2). The project is also unique in that it is tightly coordinated with a European effort, the Greenland Ice Core Project, to recover a parallel core to bedrock 30 km east of the GISP2 site. This is the third field season in the Summit region of Greenland. (See “First GISP2 Field Season Just Completed,” Eos, October 31, 1989.) The U.S. Ice Core Research Workshop (1988) reached the consensus that the value of ice core records and the rigor with which such records could be interpreted in terms of past climatic and global atmospheric conditions would be greatly enhanced by improved understanding of atmosphere-snow transfer functions. Specifically, it was felt that gaps in current knowledge limit our ability to relate changes in snow and ice chemistry to changes in the chemistry of the atmosphere. The topic areas of greatest interest include source regions and transport pathways for atmospheric constituents reaching polar ice sheets, mechanisms that incorporate these constituents into the snowpack, and processes that modify the chemistry of the Ice Sheet as the snow ages.
Self-construal and depression among Vietnamese-American adolescents

Abstract This study examined the role of self-construal and its direct and indirect impact on depression through various correlates, including family cohesion, peer support, and self-esteem. Using structural equation modeling, the proposed model was tested on 152 Vietnamese-American adolescents from a high school in Southern California. The results demonstrated that dimensions of self-construal (i.e., interdependent self and independent self) contributed to depression only through indirect pathways. Interdependent self-construal was associated with high family cohesion, which bolstered adolescents’ self-esteem and, in turn, contributed to less depression. However, independent self-construal was associated with depression through peer support and self-esteem. Better peer support and high self-esteem was found to mediate the relationship between higher independent self-construal and lower depression.
WHY RAINDROPS BREAK UP—VORTEX INSTABILITY

Abstract Experimental evidence is presented to show that the “bag-breakup” of a fluid drop falling through another immiscible fluid (e.g., a raindrop in air) is essentially the same vortex instability observed in miscible fluid vortex cascades.
Tropical wheat response to irrigation and nitrogen in a Sahelian environment. II. Biomass accumulation, nitrogen uptake and water extraction

Abstract The understanding of growth and yield determining processes and of a wheat crop by optimizing controllable production inputs in a Sahelian environment can lead to improved crop productivity. In a 2 year study, wheat response to incremental irrigation and nitrogen (N) supply on crop growth and its association with biomass yield was examined. Increasing irrigation resulted in progressively higher leaf area index, increased crop growth rate, and increased above-ground biomass. Increasing N supply up to 120 kg N ha −1 resulted in more leaf area, chlorophyll, crop growth rate and above-ground biomass. Interaction between irrigation and N was significant for biomass yield. The highest response of crop growth parameters to N application was seen in the fully irrigated regime, the degree of response declined with the magnitude of deficit irrigation. Full benefit of water was observed in maximizing biomass yield when N was supplied at the rate of 120 kg N ha −1 in both years, harvest index was maximized when both inputs were optimal. There was a strong association between productive tillers, crop growth rate during the reproductive phase, leaf area and chlorophyll production with above ground biomass. Rooting depth as estimated by water extraction patterns differed in three irrigation regimes and were modified by N supply. The evapotranspiration (ET) biomass yield relationship was linear with a regression slope of 20.6 kg biomass per mm of ET over both years. This study showed that reduction in biomass yield in wheat limits the feasibility of reducing irrigation in the Sahel if the goal is to maximize above ground biomass and harvest index per unit area. Optimization of water and N inputs during the cropping season is critical for wheat to enhance crop growth processes and subsequent biomass yield and harvest index. With a limited water supply, water managers can either provide water to a few growers to meet full crop demand or adopt deficit irrigation to supply water to a larger number of farmers, providing more equitable distribution of scarce resources.
Observations of ocean diurnal variations from the Korean geostationary ocean color imager (GOCI)

The first geostationary ocean color satellite sensor, Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) onboard the Korean Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS), which was launched in June of 2010 and has eight spectral bands from the blue to the near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths in 412–865 nm, can monitor and measure ocean phenomenon over a local area of the western Pacific region centered at 36°N and 130°E and covering ~2500 × 2500 km2. Hourly measurements during daytime (i.e., eight images per day from local 9:00 to 16:00) are a unique capability of GOCI to be used for the short- and long-term regional ocean environmental monitoring. A recent study from a collaboration between NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) and Korean Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) showed that the GOCI ocean color products such as normalized water-leaving radiance spectra, nLw(λ), for GOCI coverage region derived using an iterative NIR-corrected atmospheric correction algorithm (Wang et al., Opt. Express, vol. 20, 741–753, 2012) were significantly improved compared with the original GOCI data products and have a comparable data quality as from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Aqua in this region (Wang et al., Opt. Express, vol. 21, 3835–3849, 2013). It is also shown that the GOCI-derived ocean color data can be used to effectively monitor ocean phenomenon in the region such as tide-induced re-suspension of sediments, diurnal variations of ocean optical and biogeochemical properties, and horizontal advection of river discharge. In this paper, we show some more recent results of GOCI-measured ocean diurnal variations in various coastal regions of the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea. With possibly eight-time measurements daily, GOCI provides a unique capability to monitor the ocean environments in near real-time, and GOCI data can be used to address the diurnal variability in the ecosystem of the GOCI coverage region. In addition, more in situ data measured around the Korean coastal regions are used to validate the GOCI ocean color data quality, including evaluation of ocean diurnal variations in the region. The GOCI results demonstrate that GOCI can effectively provide real-time monitoring of water optical, biological, and biogeochemical variability of the ocean ecosystem in the region.