cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Marik’s Evidence-Based Commonsense Critical Care Rules

Don’t assume the obvious. Common diseases occur commonly. When doing a procedure, remember nature always sides with the hidden flaw. Corollary: If something can go wrong, it will. Just when you thought things couldn’t get any worse, they will. Never open a can of worms unless you plan to go fishing. Nothing in medicine stays constant. The Law of Subspecialization: If you are a hammer, the world looks like a nail. An acute surgical abdomen is when a good surgeon says it’s an acute surgical abdomen. There is no test for it. Before ordering a test, decide what you will do if it is (a) positive or (b) negative. If both answers are the same, don’t do the test. Corollary: If a test is unlikely to change your management, don’t order it. There is no manifestation that cannot be caused by a given drug. If a drug is not working, stop it. The quality of patient care is inversely proportional to the number of consultants on any particular case. If it cannot be read, don’t write it. Any order that can be misunderstood, will be misunderstood. Never ignore an ICU nurse’s observation. Be kind to nurses, and they will be kind to you. Be unkind to nurses, and they will make your life miserable. When you don’t know what to do, do nothing.Corollary: Doing something harmful is not better than doing nothing. No organ ever fails in isolation. Empty vessels make the most noise. He who thinks he knows everything knows nothing. A committee is the only life form that has twelve rectums and no brain.
Percutaneous drainage in the management of hepatic abscesses.

Once a hepatic abscess has been defined radiologically, percutaneous drainage is the treatment method of first choice. Surgery is reserved for failure of percutaneous therapy. Percutaneous drainage for hepatic abscess has been safe, uncomplicated, and successful in seven patients treated by the authors between 1978 and 1980.
Controller-Human Interface Design for the Final Approach Spacing Tool*

Abstract The Federal Aviation Administration is developing a set of software tools, known as the Center-TRACON Automation System (CTAS), to assist air traffic controllers in their management and control tasks. CTAS originated at National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, where prototypes continue to evolve. In parallel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology/ Lincoln Laboratory (ΜΙΤ/LL) is refining and testing the software, including the Computer-Human Interface (CHI). This paper focuses on the CHI designed by МIT/LL for the Final Approach Spacing Tool (FAST) part of CTAS. The FAST design approach, CHI development and operational concept is presented.
An open-label randomized controlled clinical trial for comparison of continuous phenylephrine versus norepinephrine infusion in prevention of spinal hypotension during cesarean delivery.

Abstract Background During spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery phenylephrine is the vasopressor of choice but can cause bradycardia. Norepinephrine has both β- and α-adrenergic activity suitable for maintaining blood pressure with less bradycardia. We hypothesized that norepinephrine would be superior to phenylephrine, requiring fewer rescue bolus interventions to maintain blood pressure. Methods Eighty-five parturients having spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery were randomized to Group P (phenylephrine 0.1μg/kg/min) or Group N (norepinephrine 0.05μg/kg/min) fixed-rate infusions. Rescue bolus interventions of phenylephrine 100μg for hypotension, or ephedrine 5mg for bradycardia with hypotension, were given as required to maintain systolic blood pressure. Maternal hemodynamic variables were measured non-invasively. Results There was no difference between groups in the proportion of patients who required rescue vasopressor boluses (Group P: 65.8% [n=25] vs. Group N: 48.8% [n=21], P =0.12). The proportion of patients who received ⩾1 bolus of phenylephrine was similar between groups (Group P: 52.6% [n=20] vs. Group N: 46.5% [n=20], P =0.58). However, more patients received ⩾1 bolus of ephedrine in the phenylephrine group (Group P: 23.7% [n=9] vs. Group N: 2.3% [n=1], P P P Conclusion Norepinephrine fixed-rate infusion has efficacy for preventing hypotension and can be considered as an alternative to phenylephrine.
Real-time occupancy detection using decision trees with multiple sensor types

The ability to accurately determine localized building occupancy in real time enables several compelling applications, including intelligent control of building systems to minimize energy use and real-time building visualization. Having equipped an office workspace with a heterogeneous sensor array, our goal was to use the sensors in tandem to produce a real-time occupancy detector. We used Decision Trees to perform the classification and to explore the relationship between different types of sensors, features derived from sensor data, and occupancy.We found that the individual feature which best distinguished presence from absence was the root mean square error of a passive infrared motion sensor, calculated over a two-minute period. When used with a simple threshold, this individual feature detected occupancy with 97.9% accuracy. Combining multiple motion sensor features with a decision tree, the accuracy improved to 98.4%. Counterintuitively, the addition of other types of sensors, such as sound, CO2, and power use, worsened the classification results. The implication is that, while Decision Trees may improve occupancy detection systems based on motion sensors alone, one risks overfitting if multiple types of sensors are combined.
An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. Towards physically-correct specifications of embedded real-time systems

Predictability-the ability to foretell that an implementation will not violate a set of specified reliability and timeliness requirements-is a crucial, highly desirable property of responsive embedded systems. This paper overviews a development methodology for responsive systems, which enhances predictability by eliminating potential hazards resulting from physically-unsound specifications. The backbone of our methodology is a formalism that restricts expressiveness in a way that allows the specification of only reactive, spontaneous, and causal computation. Unrealistic systems-possessing properties such as clairvoyance, caprice, infinite capacity, or perfect timing-cannot even be specified. We argue that this "ounce of prevention" at the specification level is likely to spare a lot of time and energy in the development cycle of responsive systems-not to mention the elimination of potential hazards that would have gone otherwise unnoticed. >
A global analysis of plant recovery performance from water stress

Plant post-drought recovery performance is essential to predict shifts in ecosystem dynamics and production during frequent climate change-driven drought events. Yet, it is not clear how post-drought recovery is related to evolutionary and geographic variations in plants. In this study, we generated a global data set of post-drought recovery performance in 140 plant species from published studies. We quantified the plant post-drought recovery performance by calculating a recovery index for multiple plant physiological and hydraulic parameters, including leaf water potential, net photosynthetic rate, leaf hydraulic conductance and shoot biomass. The magnitude of recovery among four plant functional types (deciduous angiosperms, evergreen angiosperms, gymnosperms, and crops), two plant growth forms (shrubs and trees), two water management strategies (isohydric and anisohydric), four xylem porosity types (diffuse, ring, semi-ring and tracheid), and four major biomes (dry sclerophyll forest, boreal forest, temperate forest and tropical/subtropical forest) were compared. We found the inability to completely recover immediately after severe water stress is ubiquitous across all plant functional types and growth forms, while the rate and magnitude of post-drought recovery varied greatly across different plant taxonomic categories and geographic ranges. In general, plant hydraulic architecture, leaf anatomy and physiology affect plants’ propensity towards recovery, and reflect evolutionary consequences of plant adaptation to their habitat. Due to the essential role of plant functional traits in regulating carbon storage in each biome, a better understanding plant post-drought recovery performance could improve our predictions on ecosystem productivity in a rapidly changing climate.
DISPOSITION OF PERSISTENT HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS IN HIGHER ANIMALS

ABSTRACT The high lipid solubility of many halogenated hydrocarbons facilitates their absorption by higher animals but may inhibit the clearance of these same compounds. Halogenated hydrocarbons which are too lipid soluble to be excreted as the parent molecule must be metabolized to more polar products prior to excretion. Therefore, the biological half-lives of these compounds are inversely proportional to the rate at which they are metabolized, and those compounds which are very slowly metabolized may be extremely persistent in the tissues of higher animals. Such compounds tend to concentrate in adipose tissue which fortunately is not a target tissue for the toxicity of halogenated hydrocarbons; however, a tissue/blood equilibrium is established which accounts for a continuous exposure of all tissues to finite concentrations of these compounds for as long as they remain concentrated in adipose tissue. This presentation is a discussion of those factors which account for the accumulation or clearance of halogenated hydrocarbons from the tissues of higher animals and how these factors may vary with animal species, level of exposure and compound.
Network slicing to improve multicasting in HPC clusters

In high performance computing (HPC) resources’ extensive experiments are frequently executed. HPC resources (e.g. computing machines and switches) should be able to handle running several experiments in parallel. Typically HPC utilizes parallelization in programs, processing and data. The underlying network is seen as the only non-parallelized HPC component (i.e. no dynamic virtual slicing based on HPC jobs). In this scope we present an approach in this paper to utilize software defined networking (SDN) to parallelize HPC clusters among the different running experiments. We propose to accomplish this through two major components: A passive module (network mapper/remapper) to select for each experiment as soon as it starts the least busy resources in the network, and an SDN-HPC active load balancer to perform more complex and intelligent operations. Active load balancer can logically divide the network based on experiments’ host files. The goal is to reduce traffic to unnecessary hosts or ports. An HPC experiment should multicast, rather than broadcast to only cluster nodes that are used by the experiment. We use virtual tenant network modules in Opendaylight controller to create VLANs based on HPC experiments. In each HPC host, virtual interfaces are created to isolate traffic from the different experiments. The traffic between the different physical hosts that belong to the same experiment can be distinguished based on the VLAN ID assigned to each experiment. We evaluate the new approach using several HPC public benchmarks. Results show a significant enhancement in experiments’ performance especially when HPC cluster experiences running several heavy load experiments simultaneously. Results show also that this multi-casting approach can significantly reduce casting overhead that is caused by using a single cast for all resources in the HPC cluster. In comparison with InfiniBand networks that offer interconnect services with low latency and high bandwidth, HPC services based on SDN can provide two distinguished objectives that may not be possible with InfiniBand: The first objective is the integration of HPC with Ethernet enterprise networks and hence expanding HPC usage to much wider domains. The second objective is the ability to enable users and their applications to customize HPC services with different QoS requirements that fit the different needs of those applications and optimize the usage of HPC clusters.
MISLEADING: A LEFT VENTRICULAR ENDOCARDIAL PACEMAKER LEAD

Single lead permanent pacemaker (PPM) insertion is considered a minimally invasive procedure, which is usually performed through transvenous access to the right heart chambers. Ventricular pacing is routinely performed from the right ventricle (RV). When biventricular pacing is indicated, the left
LDH-X: the sperm-specific C4 isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase

ABSTRACT. Mature testes and spermatozoa of most mammalian and at least one avian species contain the C 4 isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-X). This isozyme is unique in terms of the remarkable temporal and cellular specificity of its synthesis. It appears first in the primary spermatocyte, is found in no other tissue, and is completely absent from the female. Certain biochemical and enzymological properties of LDH-X correlate well with the requirements of sperm metabolism but the physiological rationale for a third subunit type remains unclear.
Simultaneous equations with binary outcomes and social interactions

This paper introduces a discrete-choice simultaneous-equation social interaction model. We provide a microfoundation for the econometric model by considering an incomplete information game where in...
Hernia Complications During Pregnancy

Abdominal wall hernias are not uncommon in pregnant patients. While the true incidence of hernia progression in this patient population remains unknown, a majority of women with a concomitant abdominal wall hernia at the time of pregnancy can be managed nonoperatively, with definitive repair occurring in the postpartum period. Because this is not an uncommon clinical scenario, surgeons should familiarize themselves with the evaluation and management of hernias in pregnant patients.
Progress in Medical Imaging

Progress in Medical Imaging contains a collection of interdisciplinary reviews of subtopics in medical imaging written by internationally known experts. Topics contained in the book include automatic recognition of cells and tissue types in light microscopy, computerized manipulation and assembly of two-dimensional scans of an organ into images of the three-dimensional organ which can be rotated in space, techniques for reducing the image degradation produced by scattering radiation in chest radiography, recent advances in instrumentation, and principles of positron-emission tomography. The final chapters of this book describe the advantages of pseudo-random codes as transmitted signals for ultrasonic flow measurement, imaging, and medium characterization. The primary audience for Progress in Medical Imaging includes engineers, physicists, and students engaged in research, development, or applications of medical imaging.
Lymphoid Follicles: Reactive vs. Neoplastic

Lymphoid follicles are not native to the skin, and their presence in the dermis is a pathologic finding. They can be reactive (benign) or neoplastic (malignant) and can be present in several types of pseudolymphoma and in low-grade cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. The distinguishing histomorphologic features include their distribution, mantle zone preservation, mitotic activity, tingible body macrophages, and polarization.
Grouplike minimal sets in ACFA and in TA

This paper began as a generalization of a part of the author's PhD thesis about ACFA and ended up with a characterization of groups definable in T A . The thesis concerns minimal formulae of the form x Є A ∧ σ( x ) = f(x) for an algebraic curve A and a dominant rational function f: A → σ( A ). These are shown to be uniform in the Zilber trichotomy, and the pairs (A, f) that fall into each of the three cases are characterized. These characterizations are definable in families. This paper covers approximately half of the thesis, namely those parts of it which can be made purely model-theoretic by moving from ACFA, the model companion of the class of algebraically closed fields with an endomorphism, to T A , the model companion of the class of models of an arbitrary totally-transcendental theory T with an injective endomorphism, if this model-companion exists. A T A analog of the characterization of groups definable in ACFA is obtained in the process. The full characterization of the cases of the Zilber trichotomy in the thesis is obtained from these intermediate results with heavy use of algebraic geometry.
Justice Stewart G. Pollock: Catcher in the Rye

Justice Stewart Pollack's two decade service on the New Jersey Supreme Court reflects his characterization of lawyers and judges as catchers in the rye, those who catch ordinary people before they fall off of the metaphorical cliffs of life. The clarity of his reasoning and moral intuition has influenced judges, students and academics across the country.
Refractory seizures: Prediction of outcome of surgical intervention based on results from PET-CT, PET-MRI and electroencephaolography.

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) and PET-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ...
Duration and Dosage of Opioids After Spine Surgery: Implications on Outcomes at 1 Year.

Study design Longitudinal Cohort Study OBJECTIVE.: The aim of this study was to determine whether duration of postoperative opioids is associated with long-term outcomes, and if initial postoperative opioid dosage is associated with opioid cessation after spine surgery. Summary of background data Preoperative opioid use is associated with poor outcomes, but little evidence exists regarding the implications of opioid dosage and duration after spine surgery. Methods Data from our state's prescription drug database was linked to our prospective clinical spine registry to analyze opioid dispensing and outcomes in elective surgical spine patients between 2010 and 2017. Patients were stratified based on preoperative chronic opioid use and multivariable regression was used to assess associations between duration of postoperative opioids and outcomes at one year, including satisfaction, chronic opioid use, and meaningful improvements in pain, disability, and quality of life. In a secondary aim, a Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine whether initial postoperative opioid dosage was associated with time to opioid cessation. Results Of 2172 patients included, 35% had preoperative chronic opioid use. In patients without preoperative chronic opioid use, a postoperative opioid duration of 31 to 60 days was associated with chronic opioid use at 1 year (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 4.1 [1.7-9.8]) and no meaningful improvement in extremity pain (aOR: 1.8 [1.3-2.6]) or axial pain (aOR: 1.6 [1.1-2.2]); cessation between 61 and 90 days was associated with no meaningful improvement in disability (aOR: 2 [1.3-3]) and dissatisfaction (aOR:1.8 [1-3.1]). In patients with preoperative chronic opioid use, postoperative opioids for ≥90 days was associated with dissatisfaction. Cox regression analyses showed lower initial postoperative opioid dosages were associated with faster opioid cessation in both groups. Conclusion Our results suggest that a shorter duration of postoperative opioids may result in improved 1-year patient-reported outcomes, and that lower postoperative opioid dosages may lead to faster opioid cessation. Level of evidence 2.
[Surveillance on the pathogen of imported Dengue fever in Henan province, 2018].

Objective To analyze data gathered from the laboratory records related to imported Dengue cases in Henan province in 2018. Methods Suspected Dengue cases were found out through the Dengue fever surveillance network from the National infectious Disease reporting management information system. Serum samples of suspected Dengue cases were collected while case study and tested for Dengue NS1 antigen, IgM, IgG antibodies and Dengue RNA in Henan province in 2018. According to the standardized Dengue diagnosis criteria, confirmed cases were identified under the results of testing. Dengue RNA was checked by Real-time PCR genotyping and amplification of E gene in the samples being tested, before the PCR products were sequenced and analyses of homological and phylogenetic were performed. Results In 2018, a total of 29 cases of Dengue fever was reported in Henan province, with all of which were imported cases, mainly from Southeast Asian countries and Africa. Majority of the cases were young and middle-aged farmers under 45 years old, and the number of males was significantly higher than that of females. The imported cases were dispersed in time and space. Among the 29 Dengue reported cases, 22 cases were with NS1 antigen and/or IgM positive through testing, while 6 cases were positive by detection of the Dengue virus RNA. These 6 samples with Dengue RNA were genotyped successfully, including 3 cases of Dengue virus type 1 and 3 cases of type 2. One of the Maldives import Dengue virus type 2 samples was sequenced. Result showed that the sequence belonged to the Asian Ⅰ genotype, which was most consistently similar to the Cambodia’s Dengue virus type 2 JF730046, identified in 2008. Conclusions The incidence of imported Dengue fever cases increased significantly in Henan province in 2018, compared to that in 2017, but fortunately did not cause any local epidemics. Key words: Dengue virus; Pathogen surveillance; Imported case
Characteristics and Diabetes Control in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Admitted With COVID-19 Infection.

Diabetes has been identified as one of the major risk factors for developing severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (1). While data show a higher incidence of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and increased mortality in patients with diabetes, the majority of these patients have type 2 diabetes (2), and less is known about the implications of type 1 diabetes in COVID-19. A report from the U.K. describes the COVID-19 mortality rate as significantly higher in older patients with type 1 diabetes compared with those with type 2 diabetes (3). Among young adults with type 1 diabetes in the U.S., diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was commonly encountered in those diagnosed with COVID-19 (4). Little is known about adults with type 1 diabetes and COVID-19 who require hospitalization. The goal of this study was to define the clinical characteristics, outpatient diabetes management and control, and disease course of people with type 1 diabetes who were admitted to a tertiary care center for COVID-19. We retrospectively reviewed the charts and collected data for all patients with an established diagnosis of …
Ediacaran sponges, animal biomineralization, and skeletal reefs.

With an estimated 15,000 living species (1), the animal phylum Porifera (colloquially known as sponges) is not a biodiversity heavyweight as are arthropods, mollusks, and chordates. Unassuming in character, sponges barely move in their adult lifetime of up to several thousand years, and they passively strain food particles from water currents that they generate continuously around the clock. They would be one of the most boring pets to have. However, sponges contribute to the global ecosystem and to our knowledge about animal evolution in their own ways. Because sponges diverged near the base of the animal family tree (2), they hold a special place in understanding early animal evolution. Because sponges were among the first animals to build mineralized skeletons through biologically controlled processes (3), they provide key insights into the origins of animal biomineralization. Also, because many sponges are important reef constructors, they play an essential role in modern reef ecosystems and may take over the reins from corals as global warming exacerbates (4). Thus, when and how sponges evolved, acquired biomineralization, and started contributing to reef construction become critical questions in the early evolution of animals, biomineralization, and reefs. In this context, the ca . 550-My-old fossil Namapoikia rietoogensis (Fig. 1 A and B ), originally reported by Wood et al. (5) from carbonate rocks of the Omkyk Member in southern Namibia, has been featured prominently because it is considered one of the oldest sponges that built biologically controlled aragonitic skeletons and contributed to the construction of the oldest animal reefs (6). Writing in PNAS, however, Mehra et al. (7) question the sponge interpretation of N. rietoogensis . Instead, they interpret N. rietoogensis as a microbial construction analogous to stromatolites and thrombolites, which are microbial buildups particularly common in Precambrian and early Paleozoic carbonates (8). The implications are that … [↵][1]1Email: xiao{at}vt.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Structure Prediction in Uncertain Temporal Networks

One of the tasks of network analysis is then to identify the relationships between actors in a network and their dynamic behavior using a network model with a structure that reflects best the true state of the modeled reality. Structure prediction for static networks is not a simple task. It depends on data quality. However, for networks, we are discussing in this paper, it is a computationally difficult issue. We deal with networks, which are both time-varying (temporary) and uncertain. In this paper, we use belief function theory for the modelling of uncertainty. Based on an estimate of interactions of groups of actors in a network, we estimate the structure of the modeled temporary network. Experimental results show that our method can predict the structure of indefinite time networks.
Assembly of synaptic active zones requires phase separation of scaffold molecules

The formation of synapses during neuronal development is essential for establishing neural circuits and a nervous system1. Every presynapse builds a core ‘active zone’ structure, where ion channels cluster and synaptic vesicles release their neurotransmitters2. Although the composition of active zones is well characterized2,3, it is unclear how active-zone proteins assemble together and recruit the machinery required for vesicle release during development. Here we find that the core active-zone scaffold proteins SYD-2 (also known as liprin-α) and ELKS-1 undergo phase separation during an early stage of synapse development, and later mature into a solid structure. We directly test the in vivo function of phase separation by using mutant SYD-2 and ELKS-1 proteins that specifically lack this activity. These mutant proteins remain enriched at synapses in Caenorhabditis elegans, but show defects in active-zone assembly and synapse function. The defects are rescued by introducing a phase-separation motif from an unrelated protein. In vitro, we reconstitute the SYD-2 and ELKS-1 liquid-phase scaffold, and find that it is competent to bind and incorporate downstream active-zone components. We find that the fluidity of SYD-2 and ELKS-1 condensates is essential for efficient mixing and incorporation of active-zone components. These data reveal that a developmental liquid phase of scaffold molecules is essential for the assembly of the synaptic active zone, before maturation into a stable final structure. The components of active zones at neuronal synapses are well known, but the processes underlying the assembly of these structures are less so; here, a role for liquid–liquid phase separation of scaffold proteins is identified.
The Effect of Hartree-Fock Exchange on Scaling Relations and Reaction Energetics for C–H Activation Catalysts

High-throughput computational catalyst studies are typically carried out using density functional theory (DFT) with a single, approximate exchange-correlation functional. In open shell transition metal complexes (TMCs) that are promising for challenging reactions (e.g., C–H activation), the predictive power of DFT has been challenged, and properties are known to be strongly dependent on the admixture of Hartree-Fock (HF) exchange. We carry out a large-scale study of the effect of HF exchange on the predicted catalytic properties of over 1200 mid-row (i.e., Cr, Mn, Fe, Co) 3d TMCs for direct methane-to-methanol conversion. Reaction energy sensitivities across this set depend both on the catalytic rearrangement and ligand chemistry of the catalyst. These differences in sensitivities change both the absolute energetics predicted for a catalyst and its relative performance. Previous observations of the poor performance of global linear free energy relationships (LFERs) hold with both semi-local DFT widely employed in heterogeneous catalysis and hybrid DFT. Narrower metal/oxidation/spin-state specific LFERs perform better and are less sensitive to HF exchange than absolute reaction energetics, except in the case of some intermediate/high-spin states. Importantly, the interplay between spin-state dependent reaction energetics and exchange effects on spin-state ordering means that the choice of DFT functional strongly influences whether the minimum energy pathway is spin-conserved. Despite these caveats, LFERs involving catalysts that can be expected to have closed shell intermediates and low-spin ground states retain significant predictive power.
The Editor's Choice for Issue 1, Volume 7.

Dear Readers: welcome to the second issue of the Editor’s Choice, continuing the tradition started by Peter Schielen’s appraisal of Issue 4 of Volume 6 of IJNS, published in this issue [...]
Inverse scattering and factorization theory

The analogy between the inverse scattering problem for the Schrodinger operator and an infinite dimensional factorization problem is discussed. The π function introduced by Hirota is obtained as the Fredholm determinant of the “lower minors” of the scattering operator. The classical Darboux transformation is presented in the context of the dressing method. A brief account of the “dressing method” for the KdV and Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchies is given.
Limitations on the extendibility of the Radon-Nikodym Theorem

Given two locally compact spaces X, Y and a continuous map r : Y → X the Banach lattice C 0 (Y) is naturally a C 0 (X)-module. Following the Bourbaki approach to integration we define generalized measures as C 0 (X)-linear functionals μ: C 0 (Y) → C 0 (X). The construction of an L 1 (μ)-space and the concepts of absolute continuity and density still make sense. However we exhibit a counter-example to the natural generalization of the Radon-Nikodym Theorem in this context.
Assessing and removing the impact of non-reciprocal transceiver circuitry for channel-based key establishment

This work integrates electromagnetic analysis with circuit theory to explore the impact of antenna mutual coupling and radio frequency circuit design on the achievable performance of methods that establish secret encryption keys using reciprocal propagation channels. The analysis includes the impact of the impedance match between the coupled antennas and the transmit sources or receiver loads, demonstrating that an optimally-designed matching network can significantly improve the achieved performance. The model is then used to account for the fact that transceiver circuit paths differ during transmission and reception, therefore destroying the channel reciprocity required for key establishment. A total least squares method for removing the impact of the non-reciprocal contributions to the channel is then applied, with the results showing that the algorithm is able to achieve key rates similar to those obtained when the non-reciprocal contributors are known perfectly.
A IMPLANTAÇÃO DE INFRAESTRUTURA NA CIDADE DE SáƒO PAULO O CENTRO EXPANDIDO NO PERáODO 1890-1999

Considering the importance of the infrastructure on the quality of life in cities, the paper presents thechronology of implementation and expansion of networks in the city of Sao Paulo, especially on the perimeternamed “expanded center” for 110 years. We conclude that the central area, this article called "historic center" isthe core of infrastructure development, then the region entitled "districts around" that, over the twentieth centurywill more sophisticated uses of their land and thus attracting new services such as optical cable. At the end of thestudy period, it appears that all the “expanded center” is served by the networks, confirming that the rapid urbandynamics of the area encourages the introduction of network services.
Motives of heterosexual allies in collective action for equality.

The literature on collective action in support of equality without regard to sexual orientation or gender identity has emphasized the role of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) activists. Relatively little attention has been given to the role of members of the advantaged group, heterosexual allies who work for equality. This study presents data from an ongoing study of 127 allies who have been visibly active in these efforts in the United States. The findings suggest two major sets of ally motives: those rooted in fundamental principles (justice, civil rights, patriotism, religious beliefs, moral principles, and using privilege to positive ends) and those based on personal experiences or roles (professional roles, family relationships, valuing marriage, achieving closure on personal experiences, transforming guilt, and anger). The findings suggest that the concept of opinion-based groups holds promise for conceptualizing and mobilizing LGBT–ally collective action.
The relationship of interradicular width and alveolar bone loss. A radiometric study of a periodontitis population

Contrasting data exist on the relationship between interproximal width and loss of marginal bone in a periodontitis susceptible population. Reports of clinical observations suggest that the prognosis of teeth with minimal interradicular width should be downgraded in periodontal patients. Others indicate a higher prevalence of intrabony lesions in wider interproximal spaces. Radiographs of 114 adult patients with evidence of bone loss consistent with periodontitis were examined. Measurements of interradicular width and the location of the bone margin from the cementoenamel junction were made at 811 interproximal sites using an optical digitizer at 3X magnification. The relationship between bone loss and interradicular width was investigated. The results indicate that as the interradicular width increases, the interproximal bone margin tends to be in a more apical location. No findings supported the contention that bone in a narrow interradicular space is at greater risk in patients who have had periodontitis.
Peripheral-Blood-Derived Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells

Publisher Summary Hematopoietic stem cell (HPC) transplants are used to treat bone marrow failure secondary to chemotherapy as well as immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and certain genetic diseases. Progenitor cells, including stem cells, are the critical cells in peripheral-blood-derived HPC (PB-HPCs) transplants. Committed, partially differentiated HPCs are probably responsible for the initial circulating leukocytes and platelets following a transplant of PB-HPCs. However, the cells that contribute to long-term multilineage reconstitution of the hematopoietic system are the pluripotent stem cells that have the capacity for self-renewal. In addition to progenitor cells, PB-HPC collections contain other hematopoietic cells. Although the PBHPC collection procedure is designed to enrich for mononuclear cells, all PB-HPC collections contain granulocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets. The final volume infused to the patient depends on the HPC concentration, the target number of mononuclear and HPCs per kilogram desired for transplant, and the size of the patient. Different assays can be used to assess the number of HPCs in a PB-HPC product. To determine whether a HPC donor has donated a sufficient number of cells, total mononuclear cell and CD34 + cell concentrations are measured within hours or days of the collection. The process for selection of the donor (e.g., HLA matching) is the same as that for BM-HPC. PB-HPCs are infused intravenously using essentially the same methods that are used for the transplantation of BM-HPCs. The patient should be well hydrated prior to infusion and is often premedicated with acetaminophen, an antihistamine, and a corticosteroid. Oxygen and an antianaphylaxis treatment such as epinephrine should be available. PB-HPC transplants are relatively new, and processing procedures vary between institutions as do clinical protocols. Regulatory agencies and accrediting organizations have recently adopted or are still in the process of developing standards and regulations for PB-HPC transplant programs.
Thallium(III) Perchlorate Hexahydrate

[15596-83-5] Cl3O12Tl (MW 610.85) InChI = 1S/3ClHO4.6H2O.Tl/c3*2-1(3,4)5;;;;;;;/h3*(H,2,3,4,5);6*1H2;/q;;;;;;;;;+3/p-3 InChIKey = OSXCISGVIPGBLK-UHFFFAOYSA-K (oxidizing agent; mild Lewis acid for alkene cyclization) Physical Data: melts with decomposition. Solubility: sol water. Form Supplied in: colorless hygroscopic crystals; widely available. Drying: compound decomposes on heating. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: all thallium compounds are extremely toxic to inhalation, skin contact, and ingestion. Toxicity is cumulative. Extreme caution should be used when handling these materials. All perchlorates are potentially explosive and appropriate care should be exercised. Use in a fume hood.
A preliminary biomechanical evaluation in a simulated spinal fusion model: Laboratory Investigation

Object A preliminary in vitro biomechanical study was conducted to determine if the pressure at a bone graft–mortise interface and the load transmitted along a ventral cervical plate could be used as parameters to assess fusion status. Methods An interbody bone graft and a ventral plate were placed at the C3–4 motion segment in six fresh cadaveric goat spines. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was used to simulate early bone fusion at the bone graft site. The loads along the plate and the simultaneous pressures induced at the graft–endplate interfaces were monitored during simulated stages of bone healing. Each specimen was nondestructively tested in compression loading while the pressures and loads at the graft site were recorded continuously. Each specimen was tested under five conditions (Disc, Graft, Plate, PMMA, and Removal). Results The pressure at the interface of the bone graft and vertebral endplate did not change significantly with the addition of the ventral plate. The interface pressure and segmen...
Magnetic Battery Feasibility Study Using Flux Switching Topology

Permanent magnets have long been known to store magnetic energy in the alignment of the magnetic domains within the material. This paper investigates the possibility of constructing a magnetic device that can effectively extract the stored potential energy from permanent magnets and convert that energy into electrical energy. The concept stemmed from a number of patents that claimed to effectively extract energy from strong neodymium or samarium cobalt magnets on a macroscopic scale using specially designed magnetic flux paths. Their method uses one of several different techniques to switch permanent magnet flux between alternating paths and electrical energy is extracted from coils intercepting this flux as it changes within the core. Using experimental testing, magnetic simulations, and theoretical predictions, our research examined this question. The experimental results indicate that the devices tested do not effectively extract magnetic energy from the magnetized materials under test, indicating that the design is not suitable for use as a magnetic battery.
Synthesize battery degradation modes via a diagnostic and prognostic model

Abstract Batteries are being used in increasingly complicated configurations with very demanding duty schedules. Such usage makes the use of batteries in multi-cell configurations to meet voltage, power, and energy demands in a very stressful manner. Thus, effective management and control of a battery system to allow efficient, reliable, and safe operation becomes vital, and diagnostic and prognostic tools are essential. Yet, developing these tools in practical applications is new to the industry, difficult and challenging. Here we present a novel mechanistic model that can enable battery diagnosis and prognosis. The model can simulate various “what-if” scenarios of battery degradation modes via a synthetic approach based on specific electrode behavior with proper adjustment of the loading ratio and the extent of degradation in and between the two electrodes. This approach is very different from the conventional empirical ones that correlate the cell parameters (such as impedance increases) with degradation in capacity or power fade to predict performance and life. This approach, with mechanistic understanding of battery degradation processes and failure mechanisms, offers unique high-fidelity simulation to address path dependence of the battery degradation.
Biologic responsiveness to environmental stimuli in schizophrenia

Summary Evidence has previously been presented that a plasma factor, measured by the chicken-cell lactate-pyruvate ratio method, is at a higher level in the blood of schizophrenic subjects than control subjects after exercise. The present study examined the question of whether this difference was also present after a cold pressor test or 80 reaction time trials. It was found that after each of these two stress situations the groups could be significantly distinguished (p An explanatory hypothesis is presented which considers the schizophrenic subject as more sensitive than control subjects to the unfamiliar and new in his environment. This maladaptive sensitivity makes him unpredictably responsive to relatively minor environmental stimulation. Studies are now underway to discover the specific biologic mechanism responsible for this response.
Trends in big data analytics

Abstract One of the major applications of future generation parallel and distributed systems is in big-data analytics. Data repositories for such applications currently exceed exabytes and are rapidly increasing in size. Beyond their sheer magnitude, these datasets and associated applications’ considerations pose significant challenges for method and software development. Datasets are often distributed and their size and privacy considerations warrant distributed techniques. Data often resides on platforms with widely varying computational and network capabilities. Considerations of fault-tolerance, security, and access control are critical in many applications (Dean and Ghemawat, 2004; Apache hadoop). Analysis tasks often have hard deadlines, and data quality is a major concern in yet other applications. For most emerging applications, data-driven models and methods, capable of operating at scale, are as-yet unknown. Even when known methods can be scaled, validation of results is a major issue. Characteristics of hardware platforms and the software stack fundamentally impact data analytics. In this article, we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art and focus on emerging trends to highlight the hardware, software, and application landscape of big-data analytics.
Indikationen für eine Formkorrektur mittels minimalinvasiver Spondylodese

The indications for surgical treatment of thoracic, lumbar, combined and thoracolumbar scoliosis are given for a curvature of the thoracic spine with a Cobb angle more than 50° and more than 45° in the lumbar spine. The maximum Cobb angle is 90°. The aim is the correction of more than 50% in the frontal plane and correction of scoliosis is possible in flexible curvatures up to 90%. By the minimally invasive surgical technique the muscular damage is completely avoided on the convex side but on the concave side this is only partly possible. This is the first report of a muscle preserving minimally invasive surgical technique for the convex side of scoliosis.
Epigenetic mechanisms in the development of type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disorder of complex genetics influenced by interactions between susceptible genetic loci and environmental perturbations. Intrauterine growth retardation is one such environmental perturbation linked to the development of T2D in adulthood. An abnormal metabolic intrauterine milieu affects fetal development by permanently modifying expression of key genes regulating β-cell development ( Pdx1 ) and glucose transport ( Glut4 ) in muscle. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is one mechanism by which genetic susceptibility and environmental insults can lead to T2D. Therefore, therapeutic agents targeting epigenetic gene regulation can ultimately be used to treat T2D; however, there is much to be learned about genome-wide epigenetic programming of health and disease before these therapies can be used in patient care.
Stroke: is cognitive dysfunction common after ischemic stroke?

Estimates of the incidence of cognitive dysfunction following ischemic stroke vary considerably in the medical literature. New research suggests that cognitive dysfunction might occur more frequently than was previously thought, emphasizing the importance of assessing such dysfunction beyond the standard deficits measured on most stroke severity scales.
Dopamine synthesis in synaptosomes: relation of autoreceptor functioning to pH, membrane depolarization, and intrasynaptosomal dopamine content.

: Factors affecting dopamine (DA) synthesis in rat striatal synaptosomes were examined by measuring the conversion of [3H]tyrosine (Tyr) to [3H]DA. Any [3H]DA that was synthesized was extracted into a toluene-based scintillation cocktail and quantitated by liquid scintillation spectrometry. The extraction was facilitated using di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (DEHP), a liquid cation exchanger. DA, apomorphine, and other DA agonists were much less potent inhibitors of DA synthesis in striatal synaptosomes at pH 6.2 than at pH 7.2. 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-N-n-propylpiperidine (3-PPP), a putative DA autoreceptor agonist, was inactive at pH 6.2. However, at pH 7.2, 3-PPP did inhibit DA synthesis. This inhibition was reversed by sulpiride, a DA receptor antagonist, but not by benztropine, a DA uptake blocker, suggesting that 3-PPP inhibits DA synthesis by stimulating the DA autoreceptor. DA release from synaptosomes was much greater at pH 6.2 than at pH 7.2, most probably because the synaptosomal membrane appears to be depolarized at pH 6.2, as measured by the accumulation of [3H]tetraphenylphosphonium ions. Since tyrosine hydroxylase is inhibited by DA, this finding suggested that low assay buffer pH (i.e., pH 6.2) might interfere with the ability of 3-PPP and other DA agonists to inhibit DA synthesis, by promoting DA release. Likewise, reserpine and tetrabenazine, compounds which disrupt vesicular DA storage, were much less effective inhibitors of DA synthesis at pH 6.2 (high basal DA release). Moreover, d-amphetamine and high buffer potassium concentrations, treatments which promote DA release, also interfered with the ability of 3-PPP to inhibit DA synthesis. Thus, modulation of the release of DA in equilibrium with tyrosine hydroxylase may be a mechanism by which the DA autoreceptor regulates DA synthesis.
Report on antibiotic activity of seaweed extracts

Several species of marine algae collected during the hl and sring on the central California coast, yielgd extracts that inhibited the growth in vitro of one or more of the following species of bacteria: Staphyococcus aureus, Eschericbia coli, and Pseudomonas aerugimsa (pyocyunea). The inhibitory activity of the extracts was not due to iodine. Extracts prepared from plants collected during the winter months were devoid of antibacterial activity.