cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Twenty-First Century Pain Education: The Rediscovery of Compassion

The sociocultural dimensions of pain are as significant as its nociceptive machinery [1–7]. Andrew Greer, speaking through the voice of the African American woman protagonist in his latest novel, has said “I do not know what joins the parts of an atom, but it seems what binds one human to another is pain”[8]. In this issue of Pain Medicine , Murinson and colleagues [9] report an innovative approach to addressing the gap between the universal recognition of pain as a fundamentally intersubjective experience [10–12] and its presentation within the medical curriculum—if presented at all—as ordinary biomedical knowledge to be absorbed passively in large lecture halls. They describe their “greater vision for the course (as one) that … would build opportunities for emotional development … spur students to more deeply acknowledge the affective consequences of strong pain, (and) begin to recognize their own emotional responses to pain in self and others”[9]. To do so, they supplemented core knowledge about nociceptive and analgesic mechanisms, assessed by conventional standardized testing, with “socio-emotional” activities conducted in small groups. The latter activities consisted of written narrative, assessment of personal affective responses to nociceptive …
Fibrous histiocytoma of the lung (sclerosing hemangioma variant

A case of fibrous histiocytoma (sclerosing hemangioma variant) of the lung occurring in an asymptomatic woman is presented. The clinical and histopathologic features are discussed and the literature briefly reviewed. Albeit rare, this entity enters into the differential diagnosis of any condition presenting as a “coin lesion” on the chest roentgenogram. We do not propose to reclassify all preceding reports of sclerosing hemangioma as fibrous histiocytoma because most are not. Based on a review of the literature, we believe the former term has been used to describe a variety of lesions, both vascular and inflammatory.
Evaluating the Teaching of Business Administration: A Comparison of Two Methods

(1991). Evaluating the Teaching of Business Administration: A Comparison of Two Methods. Journal of Education for Business: Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 360-365.
Growth of high-quality InAlP/InGaP quantum wells and InAlP/InGaP superlattice barrier cladding layers by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

Abstract In this paper, we present results of studies of high-quality InGaP quantum well (QW) heterostructures grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The QWs have been grown on GaAs: Si substrates having orientations of both (100) and (100)-10° off toward the nearest . We have employed both InAlP ternary alloy cladding layers and specially designed InAlP-InGaP superlattice barrier (SLB) cladding layers. The 4.2 K and 300 K photoluminescence (PL) emission from both the InGaP QW and the InAlP/InGaP SLB heterostructures exhibits very narrow line widths and high intensities, indicating that these structures have relatively smooth interfaces and that they are of high quality. While studies of InAlGaP injection lasers using similar SLBs have been published previously, to our knowledge, detailed photoluminescence studies of ternary/ternary SLBs in the InAlGaP system have not been reported. We have performed calculations of the performance of InAlP/InGaP ternary SLBs and these calculations show that an optimum QW heterobarrier can be achieved for an all-ternary SLB consisting of 10 pairs of InAlP (≈1.7 nm) and InGaP (≈0.9 nm) and an InAlP “first barrier layer” ≈20 nm thick. Emissions from the InGaP wells grown on off-orientation substrates appear to have narrower linewidths and higher intensities in the InGaP/InAlP system as was previously demonstrated for the InGaP/InAlGaP system. PL data from the InGaP/InAlP short-period superlattices, to the best of our knowledge, are shown for the first time.
Association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in CCR6, TAGAP, and TNFAIP3 with rheumatoid arthritis in African Americans.

Objective We previously reported an analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 3 validated European rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility loci, TAGAP, TNFAIP3, and CCR6, in African American patients with RA. Unexpectedly, the disease-associated alleles were different in African Americans from those in Europeans. In an effort to better define their contribution, we performed additional SNP genotyping in these genes. Methods Seven SNPs were genotyped in 446 African American patients with RA and in 733 African American control subjects. Differences in minor allele frequency between the RA cases and controls were analyzed after controlling for the global proportion of European admixture, and pairwise linkage disequilibrium (LD) was estimated among the SNPs. Results Three SNPs were significantly associated with RA: the TNFAIP3 rs719149 A allele (OR 1.22 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.03–1.44], P = 0.02), the TAGAP rs1738074 G allele (OR 0.75 [95% CI 0.63–0.89, P = 0.0012), and the TAGAP rs4709267 G allele (OR 0.74 [95% CI 0.60–0.91], P = 0.004). Pairwise LD between the TAGAP SNPs was low (r2 = 0.034). The haplotype containing minor alleles for both TAGAP SNPs was uncommon (4.5%). After conditional analysis of each TAGAP SNP, its counterpart remained significantly associated with RA (rs1738074 for rs4709267 P = 0.00001 and rs4709267 for rs1738074 P = 0.00005), suggesting independent effects. Conclusion SNPs in regulatory regions of TAGAP and an intronic SNP (TNFAIP3) are potential susceptibility loci in African Americans. Pairwise LD, haplotype analysis, and SNP conditioning analysis suggest that these 2 SNPs in TAGAP are independent susceptibility alleles. Additional fine-mapping of this gene and functional genomic studies of these SNPs should provide further insight into the role of these genes in RA.
Influence of perinatal progesterone on sexual activity in the male guinea pig.

Abstract Six pregnant guinea pigs received progesterone injections daily from the second trimester to delivery, and their 8 male progeny received daily progesterone injections from birth to maturity. Sexual behavior was assessed by exposure to male and unreceptive female guinea pigs after 2 weeks of isolation, both before and 2 weeks after the daily injections were terminated. Under both circumstances, progesterone significantly decreased sexual behavior compared with saline-injected controls. Control subjects mounted male and female partners with equal frequency but treated subjects preferred females even after injections were discontinued. Homosexuality in guinea pigs is relatively more decreased by progesterone than heterosexuality, perhaps indicating a greater underlying tendency toward heterosexuality in the bisexual male guinea pig.
P300 from a single-stimulus paradigm: passive versus active tasks and stimulus modality

The P300 component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) was elicited with auditory and visual stimuli in separate experiments. Each study compared an oddball paradigm that presented both target and standard stimuli with a single-stimulus paradigm that presented a target but no standard stimuli. Subjects were instructed in different conditions either to ignore the stimuli, press a response key to the target, or maintain a mental count of the targets. For the passive ignore conditions, P300 amplitude from the single-stimulus paradigm was larger than that from the oddball paradigm. For the active tasks, P300 amplitude from the oddball paradigm was larger than that from the single-stimulus paradigm. For the press and count conditions, P300 amplitude and latency were highly similar for the oddball and single-stimulus procedures. The findings suggest that the single-stimulus paradigm can provide reliable cognitive measures in clinical/applied testing for both passive and active response conditions.
Diffuse scattering of radar on the surface of Venus: Origin and implications for the distribution of soils

Pioneer Venus (PV) altimeter data have been analyzed in order to study tectonic, volcanic, and degradational processes on Venus. Analysis of a corrected reflectivity data set in combination with the PV data indicates that no more than 5 percent of the Venusian surface is covered by soils more than several to tens of cm in depth. It is suggested that most regions of apparent low reflectivity are due to the presence of small roughness elements on the surface. These regions are correlated with tessera, and models show that the diffuse scatterers in the tessera are rock fragments originating as part of tectonic deformation of the surface.
Nuclear Receptor-Mediated Regulation of Carboxylesterase Expression and Activity

Importance of the field: Emerging evidence demonstrates that several nuclear receptor (NR) family members regulate drug-inducible expression and activity of several important carboxylesterase (CES) enzymes in mammalian liver and intestine. Numerous clinically prescribed anticancer prodrugs, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides, environmental toxicants and procarcinogens are substrates for CES enzymes. Moreover, a key strategy used in rational drug design frequently utilizes an ester linkage methodology to selectively target a prodrug, or to improve the water solubility of a novel compound.Areas covered in this review: This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding NR-mediated regulation of CES enzymes in mammals and highlights their importance in drug metabolism, drug–drug interactions and toxicology.What the reader will gain: New knowledge regarding the transcriptional regulation of CES enzymes by NR proteins pregnane x receptor (NR1I2) and constitutive androstane receptor (NR1I3) has r...
TOWARD SYMMETRIC SPACES OF AFFINE KAC–MOODY TYPE

In this expository article we discuss some ideas and results which might lead to a theory of infinite dimensional symmetric spaces $\hat{G}/\hat{K}$ where $\hat{G}$ is an affine Kac–Moody group and $\hat{K}$ the fixed point group of an involution (of the second kind). We point out several striking similarities of these spaces with their finite dimensional counterparts and discuss their geometry. Furthermore we sketch a classification and show that they are essentially in 1 : 1 correspondence with hyperpolar actions on compact simple Lie groups.
Rapid transmission capacity margin determination for dynamic security assessment using artificial neural networks

Abstract This paper presents a method for rapidly computing transmission capacity margin for security problems. The method uses an artificial neural network (ANN) to model a delineating surface between the region of security and the region of insecurity in the space of most critical parameters. If the number of critical parameters is two, the delineating ‘surface’ is simply the familiar nomogram line. In general, however, the delineating surface is multidimensional since the number of critical parameters for most security problems is greater than three. The margin to security limitations is computed as the solution to a nonlinear equality-constrained optimization problem, where the equality constraint is the operational boundary surface function, and the objective function is the shortest `distance' between an operating point and the delineating surface.
The Federal Depository Library Program in 2023: One Perspective on the Transition to the Future

The Government Printing Office (GPO) administers a depository library program that provides the public with access to government publications, including digital ones. For years, the GPO, its Depository Library Council, and documents librarians have discussed the future role of member libraries. This article explores a different, but critical, perspective: that of directors of university libraries within the Association of Research Libraries. Thirty directors reviewed different scenarios and selected the one they envision their university assuming. The findings have implications for librarians in any depository library program and others interested in the future role of libraries as collection and service centers for government information resources.
Determination of solution structure of diphosphopyridine coenzymes with paramagnetic shift and broadening reagents

Abstract Solution structure of pyridine mononucleotides and dinucleotides was investigated by means of NMR paramagnetic shift as well as broadening reagents. Chloride salts and EDTA complexes of lanthanide ions gave selective shift and broadening of proton resonances that were related to angular- and distance-dependent geometrical features. In all cases, lanthanide ions were bound to the phosphate or pyrophosphate groups. For NMN+ and DPN+, it was found that pyridine H2 is in closer proximity to the phosphate, whereas for the 3-acetylpyridine analog of NMN+ and DPN+, the pyridine H6 proton was oriented towards the phosphate. It is likely that an interaction between the sidechain at the 3-position of the pyridine base and the negatively charged phosphate group is responsible for the observed conformational differences. Unlike the situation for pyrimidine and purine nucleotides, the symmetry of the pyridine base about the glycosyl linkage precludes straightforward assignment in terms of syn and anti configurations.
Neural coupling between the upper and lower limbs in humans.

The aim of this study was to establish the effects of active sinusoidal ipsilateral and contralateral upper limb flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction with elbows extended on the right soleus H-reflex with subjects seated and standing. Reflex effects were also established when both arms moved synchronously in a reciprocal pattern with elbows flexed in seated and standing subjects. Sinusoidal arm movements were timed to a metronome and performed at 0.2 Hz. Soleus H-reflexes were elicited only once (every 4 s) in every movement cycle of the upper limbs. Position of arms, and activity of shoulder muscles were recorded through twin-axis goniometers and surface electromyography (EMG), respectively. We found that in seated subjects, regardless the direction of the active movement or the upper limb being moved, the soleus H-reflex was depressed. In standing subjects, a reflex depression was observed during extension, abduction, and adduction of the ipsilateral and contralateral upper limbs. Muscles were active during arm flexion and abduction in all directions of arm movement with subjects either seated or standing. It is suggested that arm movement might be incorporated in the rehabilitation training of people with a supraspinal or spinal cord lesion, since it can benefit motor recovery by decreasing spinal reflex excitability of the legs in these patients.
Monte Carlo simulation of oxygen ordering in YBa2Cu3Oz.

Abstract Oxygen ordering in the basal plane of YBa2Cu3Oz has been studied by Monte Carlo simulations of a two-dimensional anisotropic Ising model. The orthorhombic to tetragonal transition is found to be second order at high temperature in agreement with previous CVM calculations. At low temperatures, a cell-doubled orthorhombic phase appears near stoichometry z=6.5, intermediate between the single cell orthorhombic and tetragonal phases. At very low temperatures, long-lived transient O Cu O chain ordering is observed to lead to triple and fivefold unit cells. Where not obscured by transient ordering, the transition lines bordering the orthorhombic cell-doubled phase are found to be second order. The observed equilibrium and non-equilibrium structures correlate well with atomic resolution micrographs and diffraction data from the YBa2Cu3Oz system.
Serum creatine phosphokinase levels and assaultive behaviour of psychotic patients.

Serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels were compared with assaultive behaviour by 46 psychiatric patients. Significant relationships were found between CPK level and violent behaviour prior to admission and CPK level and seclusion as a danger to others while in hospital. No relationship was found between CPK level and assaultiveness while in hospital. Language: en
Some non-linear physics in crystallographic structures

A summary of studies on simple but strongly nonlinear crystallographic models that make use of some methods in stochasticity is presented. Two one-dimensional models are described; one has been studied to understand some aspects of the nonlinear dynamics in crystals when close to the transition temperature, the other is for commensurability and incommensurability problems. Periodic orbits and the dynamics of a one-dimensional coupled double-well chain are considered, along with lattice locking and stochasticity. (RWR)
Optical Filter for Submarine Laser Communications

Optical filters for submarine laser communications (SLC) have been under development for some time. We have developed a wavelength-tunable, wide field-of-view, narrow passband, large aperture filter to address the needs for SLC.
Jealousy and the Characteristics of One's Rival: A Self-Evaluation Maintenance Perspective

Two studies provided support for a model of jealousy based on self-evaluation maintenance (SEM) theory. Participants were presented with a series of rivals for their partners' attentions descriptions of the rivals were designed to vary along dimensions thought to be important to participants' self-definitions. In accord with SEM theory, greater jealousy was reported when the domain of a rival's achievements was also a domain of high self-relevance to the participant. In addition, women, to a greater degree than men, considered the desires of their romantic partners in identifying rivals who evoked jealousy, suggesting sex differences in the impact of relationship partners on domains of self-definition.
Democratizing Molecular Diagnostics for the Developing World

Objectives: Infectious diseases that are largely treatable continue to pose a tremendous burden on the developing world despite the availability of highly potent drugs. The high mortality and morbidity rates of these diseases are largely due to a lack of affordable diagnostics that are accessible to resource-limited areas and that can deliver high-quality results. In fact, modified molecular diagnostics for infectious diseases were rated as the top biotechnology to improve health in developing countries. Methods: In this review, we describe the characteristics of accessible molecular diagnostic tools and discuss the challenges associated with implementing such tools at low infrastructure sites. Results: We highlight our experience as part of the "Grand Challenge" project supported by the Gates Foundation for addressing global health inequities and describe issues and solutions associated with developing adequate technologies or molecular assays needed for broad access in the developing world. Conclusions: We believe that sharing this knowledge will facilitate the development of new molecular technologies that are extremely valuable for improving global health.
Cutaneous Sensory Thresholds from Skin Overlying Masseter and Forearm in MPD Patients and Controls

Cutaneous sensory thresholds from skin overlying both masseters and right ventral forearm were measured in a group of 12 MPD patients and an appropriately matched group of non-patients. No significant differences were found between the two groups, nor were there significant differences between symptomatic and contralateral asymptomatic sites in the patients. There does not appear to be evidence for differences in sensory characteristics in the cutaneous afferent pathway of MPD patients.
The Relationship of Obesity and Weight Gain to Childhood Teasing

This article examines the relationship between weight gain and childhood teasing in children. Anthropometric data and self-reported teasing experiences were collected on a sample of second and third graders at a local elementary school in a disadvantaged suburban community. The study model uses bio-ecological development theory in which child development is understood in context: the child's physical characteristics influence the social environment, which interact and influence the behaviors that result in physical development and characteristics such as weight gain. Results suggest that teasing influences BMI change and that the relationship is more complex than simply stating that obese children are teased.
A description of stochastic systems using chaotic maps

Let ρ ( x , t ) denote a family of probability density functions parameterized by time t . We show the existence of a family 0\}$" id="E3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> { τ 1 : t > 0 } of deterministic nonlinear (chaotic) point transformations whose invariant probability density functions are precisely ρ ( x , t ) . In particular, we are interested in the densities that arise from the diffusions. We derive a partial differential equation whose solution yields the family of chaotic maps whose density functions are precisely those of the diffusion.
Genomic structure of rat 3α-hydroxysteroid/dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (3α-HSD/DD, AKR1C9)

Rat liver 3alpha-hydroxysteroid/dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (3alpha-HSD/DD) is a member of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily. It is involved in the inactivation of steroid hormones and the metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) by converting trans-dihydrodiols into reactive and redox-active o-quinones. The structure of the 5'-flanking region of the gene and factors involved in the constitutive and regulated expression of this gene have been reported [H.-K. Lin, T.M. Penning, Cloning, sequencing, and functional analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the rat 3alpha-hydroxysteroid/dihydrodiol dehydrogenase gene, Cancer Res. 55 (1995) 4105-4113]. We now describe the complete genomic structure of the rat type 1 3alpha-HSD/DD gene. Charon 4A and P1 genomic clones contained at least three rat genes (type 1, type 2 and type 3 3alpha-HSD/DD) each of which encoded for the same open reading frame (ORF) but differed in their exon-intron organization. 5'-RACE confirmed that the type 1 3alpha-HSD/DD gene encodes for the dominant transcript in rat liver and it was the regulation of this gene that was previously studied. The rat type 1 3alpha-HSD/DD gene is 30 kb in length and consists of nine exons and eight introns. Exon 9 encodes +931 to 966 bp of the ORF and the 1292 bp 3'-UTR implicated in mRNA stability. This genomic structure is nearly identical to the homologous human genes, type 1 3alpha-HSD (chlordecone reductase/DD4, AKR1C4), type 2 3alpha-HSD (AKR1C3) and type 3 3alpha-HSD (bile-acid binding protein, AKR1C2) genes. Three different cDNA's containing identical ORFs for 3alpha-HSD have been reported suggesting that all three genes may be expressed in rat liver. Using 5' primers corresponding to the 5'-UTR's of the three different cDNA's only one PCR fragment was obtained and corresponded to the type 1 3alpha-HSD/DD gene. These data suggested that the type 2 and type 3 3alpha-HSD/DD genes are not abundantly expressed in rat liver. It is unknown whether the type 2 and type 3 3alpha-HSD/DD genes represent pseudo-genes or whether they represent genes that are differentially expressed in other rat tissues.
Not by bread alone: shortcomings of the pay-for-performance approach.

These days, surgeons are fixing clavicle fractures more frequently. It is fair to wonder why. After all, it was only 1994 when Jupiter and Mullaji [11] declared that “internal fixation of the clavicle is rarely necessary.” One explanation is that we may simply have learned that fixation is, in fact, the superior approach [4]. Another explanation might be cognitive or social biases. For example, our experience with fibulas and femurs may produce a false belief that broken bones are happier with hardware. Surgeons may also have noticed that patients are more grateful when a bone heals after an operation.
The irrotational solution of an elliptic differential equation with an unknown coefficient

Let G be a bounded region in k -dimensional space, with boundary Γ, such that the Laplace equation, is uniquely soluble (to within an added constant) under the Neumann boundary conditions where ∂/∂n denotes outward normal differentiation on Γ, and it is assumed that h is a function in G ∪ ∂, and thus that g is a function on ∂. In what follows, we shall assume certain properties of the solution h : these are all well known (see, for example, Osgood(l) or Courant(2)).
The time required to perform pediatric transthoracic echocardiographic studies

The purpose of this study was to determine the time required to perform and evaluate transthoracic pediatric echocardiographic procedures by two groups of pediatric cardiologists; one group was university based and the other group was based in a private practice. Methods consisted of measuring five periods including technician preparation time, technician procedure time, physician imaging time, physician review and reporting time, and physician time in interpretation of the results of the study to the parent or patient. The study evaluated data for 200 studies for the university-based group (all of which were complete studies) and 193 studies for the private practice group (84% of which were complete studies and the remainder were partial studies). Eleven pediatric cardiologists participated in the study. Although some variations in physician imaging and review time were encountered, data demonstrated that mean total physician time for a complete echocardiographic study was 31.9 minutes for both groups. Mean total technical time for complete studies was 42.4 minutes for the private group and 40.9 minutes for the university group. These are the first data evaluating the technical and physician work durations for pediatric echocardiography.
Determination of Contact Angles and Surface Tensions with the Quartz Crystal Microbalance

A method based on the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) for measuring the sessile contact angles and surface energies of liquid−air and liquid−liquid interfaces is described. The method involves measurement of the frequency change accompanying the introduction of a small liquid droplet to the center of a vibrating quartz resonator, which comprises an AT-cut quartz crystal sandwiched between two gold electrodes. If the density and viscosity of the liquid are known, the contact angle between the droplet and the gold substrate surface can be determined directly. QCM measurements of contact angles formed between aqueous droplets and gold surfaces modified with various organosulfur monolayers having different surface energies agree with sessile contact angles determined by optical goniometry. Furthermore, the QCM method can be used to measure the contact angle formed between an aqueous droplet and the QCM surface when both are submerged under an immiscible solvent such as hexadecane. In this case, the frequenc...
The ability of a single serum progesterone value to identify abnormal pregnancies in patients with beta-human chorionic gonadotropin values less than 1,000 mIU/mL.

Objective: To determine the test performance of a single serum progesterone value <5.0 ng/mL for detecting ectopic pregnancy or other abnormal pregnancies in symptomatic ED patients with β-hCG levels <l,000 mlU/mL. Methods: A prospective study of progesterone levels was performed in consecutive ED patients presenting to an urban teaching hospital from December 1995 to March 1997 with abdominal pain and/or vaginal bleeding, a positive qualitative 3-hCG, and a quantitative β-hCG value <l,000 mlU/mL. Patients were excluded if they were status-post a dilatation and evacuation procedure, had insufficient serum to run the progesterone assays, or were lost to follow-up. Progesterone values were measured from the original P-hCG sample. Final patient diagnosis was abstracted from hospital records. Results: 127 patients met eligibility criteria. 39 patients were excluded, leaving a total of 88 enrolled patients. 76 patients with abnormal pregnancies were identified [9 ectopic pregnancies, 62 abnormal intrauterine pregnancies (IUPs), 5 abnormal IUPs vs ectopic pregnancies], 71 of whom had progesterone values <5.0 ng/mL [sensitivity 71/76 (94%), 95% CI 86–98%]. 12 patients with normal pregnancies were identified, all of whom had progesterone values ≥5.0 ng/mL [specificity 12/12 (100%), 95% CI 78–100%]. Conclusion: A single progesterone value <5.0 ng/mL has high sensitivity and specificity in detecting abnormal pregnancy in symptomatic ED patients with β-hCG values < 1,000 mlU/mL. Key words: progesterone; ectopic pregnancy; tubal pregnancy; intrauterine pregnancy; ultrasound; diagnosis.
The value of duplex surveillance after open and endovascular popliteal aneurysm repair.

Objective The objective of this study was to determine the clinical value of vascular laboratory surveillance after open or endovascular repair of popliteal aneurysm by analysis of the frequency and nature of secondary interventions performed. Methods Over an 8-year period, 55 popliteal artery aneurysms were repaired in 46 men (mean age, 72 years) by aneurysm ligation and bypass grafting (vein, 37; prosthetic, 7), endoaneurysmorrhaphy and interposition grafting (prosthetic, 3; vein, 1), or endograft exclusion (n = 7). Indications for intervention included aneurysm thrombosis with critical limb ischemia (n = 8), symptomatic (n = 10) or asymptomatic (n = 37), >1.75 cm popliteal aneurysm with mural thrombus. Catheter-directed thrombolysis was used in three limbs to restore aneurysm and tibial artery patency before open repair. Duplex ultrasound surveillance was performed after repair to identify residual and acquired lesions. Life-table analysis was used to estimate repair site intervention-free (primary) and assisted-primary patency. Results During a mean 20-month follow-up interval, 20 secondary procedures were performed in 18 (31%) limbs to repair duplex-detected graft stenosis (n = 10), repair site thrombosis (n = 5), vein graft aneurysm (n = 3), graft entrapment (n = 1), or type 1 endoleak (n = 1). Primary patency was 76% and 68% at 1 and 3 years, and was uninfluenced by tibial artery runoff status or type of bypass conduit. Open (n = 12) or endovascular (n = 8) secondary procedures were performed on 15 (12 vein, 3 prosthetic) bypass grafts, 2 endografts, and 1 interposition graft. Mean time to repair graft stenosis (11 months) was shorter than to repair of vein graft aneurysm (37 months). Assisted-primary patency was 93% and 88% at 1 and 3 years; redo bypass grafting was required and successful in five limbs. Limb salvage was 100%. Conclusions One third of popliteal artery aneurysms repaired by open or endovascular procedures required a secondary intervention within 2 years of repair. Repair-site surveillance using duplex ultrasound was able to identify lesions that threaten patency, which resulted in excellent assisted patency and limb preservation rates when corrected.
Direct Observations of Emulsion Flow in EHL Contacts

Oil-in-water emulsions are widely used as lubricants in metal forming, machining and some machinery elements where non-flammable lubricants are required. Their lubricating mechanisms have been extensively investigated based on the measurements of film thickness and/or traction in the past few decades and a number of physical explanations for their performance have been forwarded. However, direct observation of the emulsion flow, as a direct method of evaluating suggested theoretical explanations, has been greatly restricted by the available instruments. In this paper, a newly devised digital video camera and microscope were used to directly observe the emulsion flow in EHL contacts at industrially relevant speeds for both line and point contacts. Previous low-speed results for line contact were confirmed and extended into high-speed cases. That is, some droplets were rejected from the inlet, others penetrated to the contact zone, and others remained fixed in position a certain distance from the edge of contact. For point contact, side flow behavior was also observed, and the number of droplets that remained stationary were limited to a single streamline. To clarify the oil droplet behavior and investigate the effect of particle size on entrainment, three tight emulsions with different mean droplet sizes were examined on an EHD rig at speeds from 12 mm/s up to 1.5 m/s.© 2005 ASME
Vibration-mode-induced Shapiro steps and back action in Josephson junctions

A model of a superconducting tunnel junction coupled to a mechanical oscillator is studied at zero temperature in the case of linear coupling between the oscillator and tunneling electrons. It is found that the Josephson current flowing between two superconductors is modulated by the motion of the oscillator. Coupling to harmonic oscillator produces additional Shapiro steps in $I\text{\ensuremath{-}}V$ characteristic of Josephson junction whose position is given by the frequency of the vibration mode. We also find a new velocity-dependent term originating from the back action of the ac Josephson current. This term is periodic in time and vanishes at zero bias voltage.
Steady state and dynamic performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) under various operating conditions and load changes

Abstract The steady-state performance and transient response for H 2 /air polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells are investigated in both single fuel cell and stack configurations under a variety of loading cycles and operating conditions. Detailed experimental parameters are controlled and measured under widely varying operating conditions. In addition to polarization curves, feed gas flow rates, temperatures, pressure drop, and relative humidity are measured. Performance of fuel cells was studied using steady-state polarization curves, transient I – V response and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Different feed gas humidity, operating temperature, feed gas stoichiometry, air pressure, fuel cell size and gas flow patterns were found to affect both the steady state and dynamic response of the fuel cells. It was found that the humidity of cathode inlet gas had a significant effect on fuel cell performance. The experimental results showed that a decrease in the cathode humidity has a detrimental effect on fuel cell steady state and dynamic performance. Temperature was also found to have a significant effect on the fuel cell performance through its effect on membrane conductivity and water transport in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) and catalyst layer. The polarization curves of the fuel cell at different operating temperatures showed that fuel cell performance was improved with increasing temperature from 65 to 75 °C. The air stoichiometric flow rate also influenced the performance of the fuel cell directly by supplying oxygen and indirectly by influencing the humidity of the membrane and water flooding in cathode side. The fuel cell steady state and dynamic performance also improved as the operating pressure was increased from 1 to 4 atm. Based on the experimental results, both the steady state and dynamic response of the fuel cells (stack) were analyzed. These experimental data will provide a baseline for validation of fuel cell models.
Inspired oxygen concentrations during positive pressure therapy.

Objectives: This study examined the effects of various factors that might influence the fraction of oxygen in inspired air (FiO2) in a human and in a model system during nasal positive pressure treatments. Design and Methods: A healthy male volunteer and a mannequin head were each outfitted with a nasal continuous positive air pressure mask and pressure source (BiPAP S, Respironics, Murrysville, PA). Oxygen was added through either a side port in the mask or a port near the machine. Flow and FiO2were measured while varying inspiratory and expiratory pressures. Measurements were repeated with a leak added to the system and using different sites of oxygen administration. Results: In both the human and in the model system, increasing inspiratory pressure, thereby increasing flow, decreased FiO2inside the mask. In the model system, addition of a fixed leak caused an increase in flow and decrease in FiO2at any given level of inspiratory and expiratory pressure. Conclusion: In patients using nasal positive pressure therapy, variables of pressure, leak around the mask, and the site of oxygen delivery determine the inspired oxygen concentration when giving oxygen supplementation.
Thrombose veineuse profonde des membres supérieurs : réévaluation du risque d’embolie pulmonaire secondaire

Rationnelle Bien que l’incidence des diagnostics de thrombose veineuse profonde du membre superieur (TVPMS) ait augmente, le traitement anticoagulant pour TVPMS demeure controverse et de duree variable. Cette etude a cherche a analyser les pratiques en vigueur du traitement pour TVPMS dans notre etablissement et a evaluer le risque d’embolie pulmonaire (EP) secondaire. Methodes Entre avril 2005 et juillet 2007, 200 patients consecutifs avec TVPMS ont ete identifies dans le laboratoire vasculaire peripherique. Puis, la localisation et les caracteristiques echographiques de la TVPMS, la demographie des patients, le traitement anticoagulant, et l’incidence et la mortalite par EP ont ete examines. Resultats Parmi les 200 patients avec TVPMS, 156 (78%) avaient une TVPMS identifie comme clairement aigue ou aigue sur chronique, base sur l’aspect echographique. En tout, 85% des patients etaient symptomatiques ( n = 171). Parmi les patients, 71 (36%) avaient un cancer, 58 (29%) etaient en postoperatoire ou des traumatises, et 52 (26%) etaient obeses (index de masse corporelle : >30). En outre, 153 (76%) avaient aussi des catheters ou des electrodes en place ou dans leurs antecedents. Un total de 73 patients (36%) a ete mis sous traitement anticoagulant pendant des durees variables. Un plus jeune âge des patients et l’evidence a l’echo-doppler d’une thrombose veineuse profonde aigue, et l’atteinte de plusieurs segments veineux de l’extremite superieure etaient les facteurs predictifs independants de decision d’instauration d’un traitement anticoagulant chez les patients avec TVPMS. Deux patients (1%) ont souffert d’EP, tres probablement consecutive a leur TVPMS. Deux autres patients avec TVPMS traites par coumadine sont morts dans les mois suivant leur sortie de l’hopital de saignement intracrânien apres des chutes mineures. Conclusion Actuellement, la decision clinique d’instaurer un traitement anticoagulant chez les patients avec TVPMS est surtout associee a la nature aigue documentee de la thrombose veineuse profonde par echo-doppler, a l’atteinte de multiples segments veineux, et au plus jeune âge du patient. L’incidence d’EP attribuable a la TVPMS precedemment documente est tres faible (1%), independamment du traitement anticoagulant. Le traitement anticoagulant pour TVPMS est le plus adapte pour prendre en charge les symptomes de TVPMS ; son utilisation proposee pour diminuer le risque tres faible d’EP peut etre rarement indiquee, et doit etre soigneusement pesee avec les risques lies a l’anticoagulation therapeutique dans cette population de patients.
Spin resonance and high-frequency optical properties of the cuprates

We argue that recently observed superconductivity-induced blue shift of the plasma frequency $\ensuremath{\delta}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{pl}$ in ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ [Molegraaf et al., Science 295, 2239 (2002)] is related to the change in the integrated dynamical structure factor associated with the development of the spin resonance below ${T}_{c}$. We show that the magnitude of $\ensuremath{\delta}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{pl}$ is consistent with the small integrated spectral weight of the resonance, and its temperature dependences closely follow that of the spin-resonance peak. We also discuss the differential optical integral for the conductivity.
Generational Cohorts Hold the Key to Understanding Patients and Health Care Providers: Coming-of-Age Experiences Influence Health Care Behaviors for a Lifetime

The health care landscape is ever changing. Medical groups are experiencing challenges in recruiting staff, dealing with managing effective clinical teams, and tempering the growing tensions among partnerships and medical groups. Additionally, all clinicians report many patients are now approaching them differently than in the past. They come armed with medical information from the Internet and a more questioning attitude toward the clinician's directive for care. What accounts for these behavioral changes and management challenges within health care organizations? These issues may be best understood and addressed through generational cohort analysis.
Resonantly interacting fermions in a box.

We use two fundamental theoretical frameworks to study the finite-size (shell) properties of the unitary gas in a periodic box: (1) an ab initio quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) calculation for boxes containing 4 to 130 particles provides a precise and complete characterization of the finite-size behavior, and (2) a new density functional theory (DFT) fully encapsulates these effects. The DFT predicts vanishing shell structure for systems comprising more than 50 particles, and allows us to extrapolate the QMC results to the thermodynamic limit, providing the tightest bound to date on the ground-state energy of the unitary gas: {xi}{sub S}{<=}0.383(1). We also apply the new functional to few-particle harmonically trapped systems, comparing with previous calculations.
CO2 coherent differential absorption lidar

Experimental chemical detection and radiometric results are presented from recent coherent differential absorption lidar (DIAL) ground tests conducted over four kilometer horizontal path at the Air Force Research Laboratory. Heterodyne data was collected simultaneously with the Laser Airborne Remote Sensing direct detection DIAL sensor for comparison. A brief system description of the bistatic coherent DIAL system is presented. These experiments illustrate some of the technological challenges encountered in the implementation of a wavelength-agile coherent chemical detection system.
INTRACELLULAR CA2+ STORES AND EXTRACELLULAR CA2+ ARE REQUIRED IN THE REAL-TIME CA2+ RESPONSE OF BONE CELLS EXPERIENCING FLUID FLOW

Abstract In this study, we sought to determine if there is a requirement for calcium entry from the extracellular space as well as calcium from intracellular stores to produce real-time intracellular calcium responses in cultured bone cells subjected to fluid flow. Understanding calcium cell signaling may help to elucidate the biophysical transduction mechanism(s) mediating the conversion of fluid flow to a cellular signal. An experimental design which utilized a scheme of pharmacological blockers was employed to distinguish between the biochemical pathways involved in this cell signaling. A parallel-plate flow chamber served as the cell stimulating apparatus and a fluorescence microscopy system using the calcium-sensitive dye fura-2 measured the intracellular calcium changes. In the present study, evidence for a role by the inositol-phospholipid biochemical pathway, specifically inositol trisphosphate (IP3) was obtained using neomycin which completely inhibited the calcium response to flow. Additionally, a concomitant role of extracellular calcium was demonstrated through experiments performed in calcium-free medium which also eliminated the flow response. Experiments conducted with gadolinium, a stretch-activated channel blocker, partially inhibited (∼30%) the flow response while verapamil, a type-L voltage sensitive channel blocker, had no effect on the flow response. These results suggest a requirement of extracellular calcium (or calcium influx) as well as IP3-induced calcium release from intracellular stores for generating the intracellular calcium response to flow in bone cells.
The Place of the City Collaborative Learning, Urban History, and Transformations in Higher Education

The articles in this special section illuminate the benefits and challenges of university–community partnerships. For decades, there has been a movement to facilitate collaboration among urban historians, public historians, preservationists, city planners and neighborhood activists. Those who championed such work recognized that aligning academics’ agenda of research, teaching, and service with public servants’ advocacy and community organizing could transform the relationship between institutions of higher learning and the neighborhoods that surround them. In recent years, several intellectual and pedagogical trends have lent legitimacy to this effort, including the rise of service learning and the promotion of civic engagement. It is crucial for institutions of higher learning to recognize the ways in which place-based research challenges traditional measures of achievement, breaking down not only barriers that have separated universities from communities but also those that have long separated research...
Lipoxins and Related Eicosanoids: Biosynthesis, Biological Properties, and Chemical Synthesis

Among the various enzymes found in human tissues that act on arachidonic acid, there are three major types of lipoxygenases (LO), operating at the 5-, 12-, and 15-positions. The 5-LO is a key enzyme and plays a central role in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes, which are potent arachidonate-derived mediators of allergy and inflammation. Because of the importance of the 5-LO-derived products in human pathophysiology, studies were initiated to examine the consequences of initial lipoxygenation at C15 of arachidonic acid as well as to probe interactions between the major LO pathways. These studies led to the identification of a new series of biologically active tetraene-containing eicosanoids termed lipoxins. This article summarizes the isolation, biosynthesis, and chemical synthesis of lipoxins and related systems, and reviews recent results concerning their formation and biological activities. The total synthesis of these molecules based on a new and general synthetic strategy involving palladium catalysis is reviewed. This synthetic approach has allowed the preparation of several types of acyclic eicosanoids in their naturally occurring forms which, in turn, allowed comparisons with naturally derived materials and enabled detailed studies of the biological actions of these biomolecules. Structure–activity relationships were also derived by combining chemical synthesis and biological investigations.
In situ ultra-high vacuum transmission electron microscopy studies of nanocrystalline copper

Abstract We have built a particle production and transport system that allows the characterization of nanocrystals without exposure to contaminating atmospheres such as air. Nanocrystals (formed by inert gas condensation of a sputtered atom population) are transported in situ via the gas phase to an ultra-high vacuum transmission electron microscope (UHVTEM) equipped with a heating stage and gas exposure system. With this system, we can study various nanoparticle phenomena in real time and under clean conditions. In this paper we discuss the experimental design and preliminary studies using imaging and diffraction techniques. These include, the time-evolution of copper nanoparticle morphology and sintering behavior as a function of particle size, temperature, oxygen/atmosphere exposure and supporting substrate. In particular, we have observed immediate room temperature sintering of clean copper nanocrystals which does not occur with nanoparticles that have been exposed to oxygen. Furthermore, we have seen an interaction between copper nanocrystals and amorphous carbon which produces graphite shells. This shell formation process suggests a solid state analog to that seen when nanoparticles catalyze the growth of carbon fibers through a hydrocarbon atmosphere decomposition.
Supporting distributed management of the airport surface

In this report, a simulation system called the Collaborative Airport Traffic System (CATS) was used as a testbed to study human factors issues that arise in the design of a departure metering program [1–11] to manage the inventory delivered to the spots at an airport over time. The focus of this particular study was on procedures, functional requirements, information requirements and interface design concepts for supporting collaboration [12–19] between ARTCC and TRACON TMCs and the Departure Reservoir Coordinator (DRC) responsible for managing a departure metering program during a convective weather scenario.