cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some Good News-Bad News About a Culture-Centered Paradigm

(1992). Some Good News-Bad News About a Culture-Centered Paradigm. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 15, Communication Yearbook 15, pp. 47-57.
An Investigation of the Edge Pullin in Explosively-Formed Domes

A simplified analysis for the prediction of edge pullin of explosively-formed domes is developed. The primary assumptions are that inertia effects are negligible and that the shape of the middle surface of the blank is known at all times in the forming process.
From steinmetz to currents' physical components (CPC): History of power theory development

The paper presents a short draft of history of the development of the power theory of systems with nonsinusoidal voltages and currents. It starts from the Steinmetz experiment run in 1892 and ends with the development of the Currents' Physical Components (CPC) — based power theory. A draft of the CPC and the major contributions to the power theory and methods of compensation are presented as well. The time-domain and frequency-domain as well as the instantaneous and the averaging approaches to the power theory and compensation are compared.
Prescription Drug Use and Polypharmacy Among Medicaid-Enrolled Adults with Autism: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Analysis

A lack of gold standard treatment for autism spectrum disorders (ASD), no clear ASD management guidelines, and lack of evidence-based pharmacological interventions other than aripiprazole and risperidone elevate the risk of off-label prescribing and adverse effects among individuals with ASD, more so among adults. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the types of prescription drug use, rates of polypharmacy, and characteristics associated with polypharmacy among adults with and without ASD in a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of a three-state Medicaid Analytic eXtract database (2000–2008). Adults aged 22–64 years with ASD (ICD9-CM code: 299.xx) were propensity score-matched to ‘no ASD’ controls by age, sex, and race. General polypharmacy (≥6 unique classes of prescription drugs in a year) and psychotropic polypharmacy (≥3 unique prescription drug classes of psychotropic medications within a 90-day period) were the main study outcomes. Chi-square tests for rates, t tests for mean number of claims, and multivariate logistic regressions for likelihood of prescription drug use and polypharmacy were run. Annually, almost 75% of adults with ASD had >20 prescription drug claims compared with 33% of adults without ASD. Around 85% of adults with ASD used at least one psychotropic drug class compared with 42% of adults without ASD. Highly common psychotropics were antipsychotics (66%ASD vs 20%noASD), anticonvulsants (59%ASD vs 20%noASD), and anxiolytics/hypnotics/sedatives (21%ASD vs 11%noASD). Other than psychotropics, many adults with ASD used medical prescription drugs such as antimicrobials (47%), dermatologic agents (48%), respiratory agents (38%), gastrointestinal agents (31%), alternative medications (25%), antiparkinsonian agents (22.6%), antihyperlipidemics/statins (7.3%), and immunologics (2.0%). Rates of general (48%ASD vs 32%noASD) and psychotropic polypharmacy (19%ASD vs 6%noASD) were significantly higher in the ASD group. Prescription drug use and polypharmacy rates among adults with ASD are substantially higher than those in an age-, sex-, and race-matched cohort of adults without ASD. Adults with ASD frequently use therapeutic treatments other than psychotropics. Healthcare providers, who usually report low confidence in treating patients with ASD, should play an active role in constant monitoring of prescription drug use patterns and patient response to interventions. Prescribers and caregivers are encouraged to make decisions after weighing the benefits and risks associated with a pharmacological treatment. Further investigations into the common use of any alternative treatments that can affect a patient’s response to core treatments should also be conducted.
Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation: Why It Matters to Your Patient

Surgeons practicing metabolic and bariatric surgery have often been subjected to prejudice and bias within American surgery, similar in many ways to the prejudice and stigma of our patients’ experience. Recognizing that our work was subject to scrutiny, the surgeons organized the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery and over time began to take on the task of making the surgery safer and more effective. In 2005, the society organized a program of national accreditation, shared with the American College of Surgeons.
Notch Activation in Cord Blood Progenitors Induces a CD7+ Common NK/T Precursor Capable of NK Cell Commitment without Full Maturation and Differentiation of Lineage Committed Pre-T Lymphocytes with a Th1 Phenotype.

Abstract Activation of Notch signaling regulates differentiation and homeostasis of hematopoetic stem cells. After stimulation, intracellular Notch is proteolytically released and by binding the CSL complex and co-activator MAML, and initiates transcription of downstream genes. We hypothesize that Notch is important for distinct stages of lymphoid development. Human cord blood CD34+ progenitor cells were transduced with retrovirus based eGFP-control, eGFP-Notch and Notch Dominant Negative/MAML (eGFP-DN) constructs. CD34+/eGFP+ were sorted and then co-cultured with the mouse embryonic liver cell line EL08.1D2 and exogenous human cytokines (IL-3. IL-7, IL-15, Flt3 ligand and c-kit ligand). As early as 48 hours after transduction, CD34+/Notch+ cells gave rise to population of lymphoid precursors CD34+CD7+CD10- (42±5% of all cells) while essentially no cells with this phenotype were detected with the control or DN construct. Proliferation of eGFP-Notch transduced cells in a 6-day thymidine incorporation assay was higher compared to eGFP-DN transduced cells (8410±839 vs. 1103±209 cpm; n=3; p=0.00005). Within 7 days 11±1.5% NK emerged from CD34+/Notch+cells compared to 0.8±0.2% of CD34+/eGFP+ control cells (n=5, p=0.0001). NK cell generation peaked at day 28 with a significantly higher expression of CD7 on NK cells (Notch: 75±5% vs. eGFP: 4.5±1%, n=5, p=0.00004), and no B lymphocytes were seen. Analysis of Notch induced NK cells demonstrated early expression of L-selectin and increased expression of CD45RA on all lymphoid progenitors. At 4 weeks, functional testing revealed reduced cytotoxicity against K562 (Notch: 37±0.5% vs. eGFP: 63.5±1.3%; n=7, p=0.007) suggesting immature function. CD34+/Notch+ derived NK lymphocytes also showed diminished acquisition of the lectin-type receptor NKG2A (Notch: 8.3±3% vs. eGFP: 27.4±4.5%; p=0.04) and killer immunoglobulin receptors (Notch: 2.2±0.5% vs. eGFP: 10.8±4: p=0.05). We next asked whether the Notch induced CD7+ precursor was NK restricted or a common NK/T cell precursor. After 5 weeks in culture, a distinct population of CD3+ T-cells emerged (Notch: 18±5% vs. eGFP: 1.6±0.2; n=5, p
The "ZP domain" is not one, but likely two independent domains.

The zona pellucida (ZP) or vitelline envelope (VE) is a cellular feature unique to animal oocytes that provides a barrier to the external environment. This structure is composed of several glycoproteins that universally contain a ZP domain: a polypeptide of ∼260 residues that functions as a polymerization module, adopts a predominantly β-sheet fold, and includes 8-10 cysteine residues that form disulfide bonds (Bork and Sander 1992; Han et al. 2010). Our knowledge of the structural features underlying ZP domains has been enhanced in recent years by the release of multiple crystal structures and molecular evolutionary analyses that, together, reveal a repeated pattern of gene duplication, sequence adaptation, and structural conservation from yeast to humans (Swanson et al. 2011). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
A Tale of Four Platforms: Motivations and Uses of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat Among College Students?:

The current research explores differences between Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat in terms of intensity of use, time spent daily on the platform, and use motivations. The study applies t...
The cost of implementing two small media interventions to promote HPV vaccination.

Abstract Objective To estimate the cost of implementing lay health worker delivered print-based photonovella intervention and iPad-based tailored interactive multimedia intervention (TIMI) to promote Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake and completion among Hispanic parents of daughters 9–17 years old. Methods We recruited 301 participants in control, 422 in photonovella, and 239 in TIMI clinics. Intervention costs were estimated using micro-costing from the societal perspective. Cost included time spent planning, training the promotoras, recruiting study participants, and delivering the interventions. Overhead for utilities and project administration was estimated at 30% of direct costs. Results The total cost per person for the photonovella and TIMI interventions were $88 and $108, respectively. Less than 10% of costs were fixed and therefore the average cost estimates were insensitive to the size of the target groups. Conclusion The electronic medium for HPV vaccine education was 23% more costly than the standard low-tech print based approach. The cost difference should be considered relative to the effectiveness of these methods in achieving increases in immunization rates. The cost estimates provide information for cost-effectiveness and budget impact assessments of new HPV immunization intervention programs.
Expanding the Understanding of Risk Behavior Associated With Homelessness Among Veterans

ABSTRACT Introduction: To advance large-scale efforts to end veteran homelessness, an understanding of factors that contribute to housing insecurity is necessary. Common risk behaviors (e.g., substance use and risky sexual practices) are associated with lengthier experiences of homelessness among the general homeless population, but less understood among homeless veterans. Additionally, whether emerging risk behaviors among veterans (e.g., sensation seeking and aggression) are associated with lengthy homeless experiences is unknown. Materials and Methods: Data were drawn from a sample of Los Angeles County veterans surveyed using a mixed nonprobability sampling strategy, which included recruiting veterans via national and local veterans service organizations, college organizations, and social media campaigns. Measures aligning with factors of sensation seeking (reckless driving, gambling, suicidal ideation); substance use (alcohol misuse, tobacco use, driving while intoxicated); risky sexual practices (ri...
Cytokines Effects on Learning and Memory

One of the earliest observations suggesting that cytokines could influence cognitive function in humans came from cancer studies where IL-2 immunotherapy was used to treat some types of neoplasias. Treatment with this pivotal immunoregulatory cytokine induced prominent, untoward neuropsychiatric side effects with patients exhibiting cognitive dysfunction (1,2). Seminal basic studies showed that peripheral immunization led to activation of hypothalamic neurons, and also demonstrated that lymphocytes had the capacity to produce neuropeptides (for reviews see 3,4). This sparked considerable growth in this area of research, and it is now well established that cytokines can communicate with endocrine and brain cells. Just as researchers were surprised several decades ago to discover that digestive peptides such as CCK and VIP were in the brain, cytokines and their receptors once believed to be derived solely from lymphoid cells have been identified in normal brain. They function as neuromodulators and neurotrophic factors, as well as mediators of immune-like responses involved in CNS pathology. As described in subsequent sections of the chapter, in the case of IL-2, a number of basic investigations have shown that this cytokine can modify various neurobiological processes associated with learning and memory.
Globalizing whiteness? Visually re/presenting students in global university rankings websites

Amid debates about the role and impact of global university rankings (GURs), very few have closely examined how GURs media outlets construct meanings of higher education (HE) in their visual repres...
Evidence-Based Practice: An Alternative to Authority-Based Practice (Revisiting Our Heritage):

Editor’s note: This article is reprinted from Volume 80-4 (1999) as part of the Revisiting Our Heritage series. Nearly 20 years ago, one of the earliest articles to appear in a social work journal ...
Summary of electric distribution system analyses with a focus on DERs

Commonly used distribution system analyses (DSAs) include power flow, power quality, fault analysis and dynamic analysis. The DSA tools are often used by the electric distribution planning engineers to conduct different types of analyses. This paper has investigated the capability of ten DSA tools, including both commercial and open-source ones. The maturity levels of the DSA analyses and the corresponding studies are summarized based on percentage of the DSA tools capable of conducting each type of analysis. With increasing distributed energy resources (DERs) being integrated into the distribution system, detailed DER studies need to be conducted to investigate the potential effects of DERs on the grid. The DSAs associated with DERs are discussed, along with their relative maturity and tool capabilities to conduct the DER impact studies. This paper provides an overview of the DSAs that assist in analyzing DER impacts, the DSAs as the way to enable or support market activities on the distribution systems, and summarizes the capabilities and gaps of existing DSA tools to conduct DER studies.
A two-dimensional two-group albedo model for pressurized water reactor reflector

A two-dimensional, two-group albedo model is developed for replacement of a pressurized water reactor reflector. Spatially dependent albedos in the vicinity of an outward concaving corner of the core boundary are derived using the same formulation and technique developed by the authors for the theory of the interface flux nodal method. The model is mathematically simple and has been successfully tested for applications in both fine-mesh finite difference and coarse-mesh nodal calculations, for cases of a reflector with and without a shroud.
Herbicides: a compilation of their physical, chemical, and biological properties.

The following table is a compilation of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of organic herbicides. An attempt has been made by the authors to include in the table all organic herbicides available at the time this article was written. In a number of cases the table is not complete because the information was unavailable to the authors.
Nitrogen Chemistry in Antarctica: A Brief Review

Measurements of reactive nitrogen species in Antarctica are briefly reviewed and their links to ozone depletion are summarized. Observations of NO, NO2, HNO3, particulate nitrate, and total NOy demonstrate that the composition of the Antarctic stratosphere is greatly perturbed by the presence of clouds. Further, measurements have shown that the clouds themselves are composed in part of HNO3, and that sedimentation of cloud particles apparently can remove reactive nitrogen from the gas phase altogether. These processes reduce the abundance of stratospheric NO2, a primary requirement for elevated ClO densities and attendant ozone loss.
Parvoviruses: General Features

The family Parvoviridae comprises small, isometric, nonenveloped viruses that contain linear, single-stranded DNA genomes. Viruses belonging to the five genera of the subfamily Parvovirinae infect vertebrate hosts, while those of the four genera of subfamily Densovirinae infect insects and other arthropod species. The single genomic molecule is 4–6 kbp long, and terminates in duplex hairpin telomeres at both ends, which can be different from one another, both in sequence and predicted structure, or can form part of a terminal repeat. These terminal hairpins are essential for the unique rolling-hairpin strategy of parvovirus DNA replication and are thus an invariant hallmark of the family. The intervening coding sequence is partitioned into two expression cassettes, one encoding the major DNA replication initiator protein and the other encoding the capsid structural polypeptides. In members of seven genera these are present in a monosense arrangement, but in two genera within the subfamily Densovirinae they are inverted with respect to one another, giving rise to an ambisense genetic strategy.
Bilateral Compartment Syndrome in Intravenous Drug Abuse

Compartment syndrome is an orthopedic emergency in which the neurovasculature of the extremity is compromised. Typically, it presents unilaterally and is the consequence of major trauma to the extremity in the form of fracture. However, more uncommon etiologies of compartment syndrome have been reported, which includes reperfusion injury, burns, and congenital or acquired bleeding disorders. We present an extremely rare case of bilateral posterior thigh compartment syndrome thought to be due to intravenous drug abuse (IVDA) causing prolonged ischemia with subsequent reperfusion. This case is particularly relevant in today's clinical setting given the current opioid epidemic and subsequent rise in intravenous drug use.
Understanding International Students from Asia in American Universities: Learning and Living Globalization

In this book, the editors suggest that the intensity of globalization is helping to reshape the American Education System. The reshaping of the American educational system is reflected in the number of students the United States accommodates from different parts of the world. With an international student count of 1.09 million; the United States is one of the primary destinations for international students in the world. Interestingly, Chinese, Indian, and South Korean students represent more than half (51%) of the overall number of international students in the United States. However, Asian students combined represent 64.3% of the overall number of international students in America, making them the dominant group of students (Ma & Garcia-Murillo, 2018, p. 1).
Failure Projection of Corroding Bridge Post-Tensioning Tendons Considering Influential Factors and Issues

Post-tensioning has evolved to become an important technology for affecting integrity of bridge structures. However, tendon failures resulting from wire/strand corrosion have been reported within t...
Retooling Psychology to Serve Children and Adolescents with Severe Disabilities.

Psychologists providing services to children and adolescents with severe disabilities face numerous challenges requiring an expanded approach to evaluation, consultation, and intervention. Professi...
When speed kills: Lethal autonomous weapon systems, deterrence and stability

ABSTRACTWhile the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) for militaries are broad, lethal autonomous weapon systems (LAWS) represent one possible usage of narrow AI by militaries. Research an...
Inspiring Leaders: Unique Museum Programs Reinforce Professional Responsibility.

Since 1998, the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum has developed educational programs targeting adult audiences. Engaging public service professionals—those charged with serving and protecting...
The Application and Comparison of Confocal and SIM Imaging System

Optical imaging is a popular method for biology research, and now there lots of optical imaging system. Confocal imaging is a wide used one which was introduced the pinhole and subsequently is not affected by the out-of-focus signal, making the method be better than widefield microscopy. It is acceptable that confocal microscopy has its own limits in resolution. Researchers struggled to push the resolution to another limit during the process many fancy optical imaging methods were invented, such as structured illumination microscopy (SIM). We are here to apply the two optical imaging methods in RyR2 labelled heart cells to compare the two methods, and we found that confocal imaging does show the disadvantages such as photobleaching and limited resolution, while SIM imaging has a higher resolution to observe much more details of the RyR2 location.
Cystathionine beta synthase regulates mitochondrial dynamics and function in endothelial cells

Mutations in the human cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) gene are known to cause endothelial dysfunction responsible for cardiovascular and neurovascular diseases. CBS is the predominant hydrogen sulfide (H2 S)-producing enzyme in endothelial cells (ECs). Recently, H2 S was shown to attenuate ROS and improve mitochondrial function. Mitochondria are metabolic organelles that actively transform their ultrastructure to mediate their function. Therefore, we questioned whether perturbation of CBS/H2 S activity could drive mitochondrial dysfunction via mitochondrial dynamics in ECs. Here we demonstrate that silencing CBS induces mitochondria fragmentation, attenuates efficient oxidative phosphorylation, and decreases EC function. Mechanistically, CBS silencing significantly elevates ROS production, thereby leading to reduced mitofusin 2 (MFN2) expression, decouple endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contacts, increased mitochondria fission, enhanced receptor-mediated mitophagy, and increased EC death. These defects were significantly rescued by the treatment of H2 S donors. Taken together our data highlights a novel signaling axis that mechanistically links CBS with mitochondrial function and ER-mitochondrial tethering and could be considered as a new therapeutic approach for the intervention of EC dysfunction-related pathologies.
Seismic stratigraphic framework of the continental shelf offshore Delmarva, U.S.A.: Implications for Mid-Atlantic Bight Evolution since the Pliocene

Abstract Understanding how past coastal systems have evolved is critical to predicting future coastal change. Using over 12,000 trackline kilometers of recently collected, co-located multi-channel boomer, sparker and chirp seismic reflection profile data integrated with previously collected borehole and vibracore data, we define the upper (
Factors contributing to graft matching in a patellar osteochondral allograft selection model

Objectives:When performing a patellar osteochondral allograft, the patellar allograft is harvested from a similar anatomic location as the defect. This approach assumes that graft will have similar...
Turkish Drama Serials and Arab Audiences: Why Turkish Serials Are Successful in the Arab World

This chapter explores the social and cultural factors that have contributed to the success of Turkish programs in the Arab world. Following the cancelation of Turkish serials on the Arab world’s largest networks in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, this chapter will explore how dedicated Arab fans are continuing to watch Turkish shows via alternative platforms after having seen them become such a large part of their daily lives and a permanent fixture on their screens in recent years. By using the Gulf State of Qatar as a departure point, it will examine why Turkish content resonates so closely with female Arab audiences, while also determining their viewing motivations and how Turkish serials have managed to fill a void among its viewers that Arab media has failed to satisfy. At the same time, this chapter will discuss why Turkish dramas have been widely perceived as a women’s genre despite being prime-time serials in Turkey.
Direct Position Estimation

This chapter presents an innovative concept that helps overcome some of the critical challenges and limitations in standard global navigation satellite system (GNSS) position, navigation, and timing. With the intention of facilitating the introduction of new material, it describes the signal model used, as well as the basics of the signal processing that apply to standard GNSS receivers. The chapter introduces Direct Position Estimation (DPE), where extensive details are provided regarding the signal model and the direct‐positioning concept. Additionally, it provides theoretical results demonstrating the performance enhancement of DPE with respect to two‐steps approaches. The chapter discusses the implementation details, where the authors move from the purely theoretical results to the more practical aspects. It also discusses some variants and alternative applications of DPE.
Comparing the structures of mathematical objects

A popular method for comparing the structures of mathematical objects, which I call the ‘subset approach’, says that X has more structure than Y just in case X’s automorphisms form a proper subset of Y’s automorphisms. This approach is attractive, in part, because it seems to yield the right results in some comparisons of spacetime structure. But as I show, it yields the wrong results in a number of other cases. The problem is that the subset approach compares structure using automorphism sets. So a different approach is needed: structure should be compared using automorphism groups.
Extended Depth of Focus Metalenses for Achromatic Computational Imaging

We demonstrate high-quality, full-color imaging using extended depth of focus (EDOF) metalenses and computational reconstruction. We use rotationally symmetrical phase masks to mitigate asymmetrical artifacts found in the traditional cubic EDOF systems.
Self-uncertainty and group identification: Consequences for social identity, group behavior, intergroup relations, and society

Abstract Uncertainty is ubiquitous, and its resolution is a fundamental motivation for human behavior. People strive to reduce uncertainty, especially uncertainties that reflect on, or are directly about, who they are—self-uncertainty. This chapter describes and reviews uncertainty-identity theory, with a particular focus on advances and developments over the past 15 years. The key premise of the theory is that context-induced self-uncertainty motivates uncertainty reduction, and that one of the most effective ways to reduce self-uncertainty is group identification through self-categorization. Group identification reduces uncertainty because it causes people to internalize a shared identity and associated group prototype, which defines and prescribes who one is and how one should behave, and describes how one will be perceived and treated by others. However, some groups and identities are better equipped to reduce self-uncertainty—specifically, distinctive groups with clearly defined and prescriptive identities that are relatively unambiguous and consensual. In more extreme circumstances and manifestations, self-uncertainty can motivate a strong preference for and zealous identification with extremist groups—groups that have identities that echo populist ideology and behavior, and associated conspiracy theories and narratives of victimhood, and have strong and directive leaders who can be populist, autocratic and toxic. Uncertainty-identity theory is a motivational account of group and intergroup behavior, and social identity phenomena; but it can also explain the conditions under which radicalization and extremism arise and the various forms they can take.
Networks in Telecommunications: Economics and Law

Introduction Part I. The Economics of Networks: 1. The structure and functions of networks 2. The design and costs of networks 3. Pricing network services Part II. The Regulation of Networks: 4. Network regulation basics 5. Economic effects of regulating access to networks 6. Pricing of access to networks 7. Constitutional limits on the pricing of access to networks Part III. Policy Applications: 8. The regulation of local telephone networks 9. Antitrust as applied to network industries 10. The regulation of last-mile broadband networks 11. The regulation of broadband networks and the internet: network neutrality versus network diversity 12. The regulation of broadband networks and the internet: network neutrality versus network capacity Conclusion.
Development and Application of a Multimedia Model to Assess Fate and Transport of Organic Chemicals in a South Texas Lake

The coastal bend region of South Texas has undergone significant changes in recent times. Increased agricultural activities, industrialization and population growth have enhanced the releases of organic chemicals in South Texas environments. Several classes of organic contaminants have been detected in air, water and sediment samples collected in this region. There is a growing concern that this increased usage may lead to unacceptable exposures and pollute surface-water bodies used for water supply purposes.
Involuntary Treatment of Substance Abuse Disorders - Impediments to Success.

Legal pressures currently account for between 40 and 70% of all referrals to community alcohol and drug treatment programs (Collins and Allison 1983; Dunham and Mauss 1982; Harford et al. 1976; Schnoll et al. 1980; Connecticut Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission 1987). Changes in criminal statutes (Korcok 1986) and in commitment procedures for potentially dangerous patients (Bursten 1986; Herrington 1986) make it likely that even larger numbers of court-stipulated patients will enter treatment in the future. Although policies to divert drug or alcohol-dependent offenders from the criminal justice system into treatment are motivated by humane intentions as well as by practical considerations, in practice, involuntary treatment is problematic for all parties involved. Because many of the issues raised by court-stipulated treatment for alcohol or substance use disorders have been addressed only rarely and incompletely, this paper, on the basis of a review of enforced treatment in an outpatient alcohol and drug abuse treatment clinic, describes the problems encountered in enforced treatment, discusses the major impediments to successful coercive treatment, and proposes safeguards to preserve the integrity of involuntary treatment within the humanistic tradition of psychiatry. The focus of the paper is on involuntary treatment of alcohol-dependent patients or poly-drug users who deny problems related to substance use. Court-mandated, opiate-dependent patients differ from these patients in that they more often acknowledge problems related to addiction and withdrawal; consequently, they present different problems with regard to involuntary treatment. My hope is that by identifying some of the dilemmas faced by both clinicians and patients, some of the negative effects of coercive treatment may be avoided.
Water-vapor electrolysis cell with phosphoric acid electrolyte.

Feasibility of phosphoric acid water vapor electrolysis cell for spacecraft cabin air conditioning system
Influence of volcanic shards on foraminiferal Mg/Ca in a core from the Galápagos region

[1] Variability in the Mg, Fe, Al, Mn, and U to Ca composition of the planktonic foraminifera G. ruber in core TR163-22, an 8.8 m long piston core from just northwest of the Galapagos Islands, reveals distinct patterns of downcore behavior. Mg/Ca data follow a general climatic trend, with lower values during cold intervals (i.e., marine isotope stages (MIS) 2–4) and higher values during warm intervals (i.e., MIS 1 and 5). Fe/Ca and Al/Ca data reveal distinct intervals in which concentrations are elevated tenfold or more over baseline values, with highly variable elemental ratios in these intervals. The Mg/Ca data are highly correlated with the Fe/Ca and Al/Ca data in these intervals, with slopes of 1.13 ± 0.03 and 0.66 ± 0.07 mole/mole, respectively. Examination of the sediments from these intervals reveals that they are rich in volcanic debris that is likely derived from Galapagos volcanic rocks. The presence of small amounts of this volcanic debris can bias shell Mg/Ca to elevated values. Attempts to use enhanced cleaning to remove the volcanic particles were largely unsuccessful. The most successful strategy is to use the Fe/Ca and Al/Ca from the shell digests along with the Fe to Mg ratio of the volcanic debris to correct the Mg/Ca data for Al-silicate contamination, in which case the corrected data more clearly reveal the primary climatological patterns. Mn/Ca and U/Ca data are characterized by cycles of 20–200 cm length, with Mn/Ca having a distinct trend toward higher values between the core top and 200 cm. These trends appear to be related to diagenetic coatings on the foraminifera shells, most likely in the form of Mn-carbonates.
Urinary tract endometriosis: Enigmas in diagnosis and management☆

The diagnosis and management of endometriosis presents several enigmas. This review, of eight patients with endometriosis involving the urinary tract, from three large clinical services in the City of Los Angeles, highlights some very difficult problems. Not only diagnostic errors but also inappropriate conservatism and inadequate surveillance have led to compromised function, resection, and/or destruction of the kidneys, ureters, or bladder. The series indicates those findings which are likely to result in urinary tract destruction and points out those clinical situations in which delays or conservative management must be undertaken only with pressing indications and then only with continued and careful surveillance.
When goals aren't good enough

Abstract This paper discusses the limitations of goals in expressing one's planning objectives and presents the decision-theoretic value function as an attractive alternative. An approach for planning to maximize value rather than to satisfy goals is then discussed.
Translating textiles to tissue engineering: Creation and evaluation of microporous, biocompatible, degradable scaffolds using industry relevant manufacturing approaches and human adipose derived stem cells

Polymeric scaffolds have emerged as a means of generating three-dimensional tissues, such as for the treatment of bone injuries and nonunions. In this study, a fibrous scaffold was designed using the biocompatible, degradable polymer poly-lactic acid in combination with a water dispersible sacrificial polymer, EastONE. Fibers were generated via industry relevant, facile scale-up melt-spinning techniques with an islands-in-the-sea geometry. Following removal of EastONE, a highly porous fiber remained possessing 12 longitudinal channels and pores throughout all internal and external fiber walls. Weight loss and surface area characterization confirmed the generation of highly porous fibers as observed via focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy. Porous fibers were then knit into a three-dimensional scaffold and seeded with human adipose-derived stem cells (hASC). Confocal microscopy images confirmed hASC attachment to the fiber walls and proliferation throughout the knit structure. Quantification of cell-mediated calcium accretion following culture in osteogenic differentiation medium confirmed hASC differentiation throughout the porous constructs. These results suggest incorporation of a sacrificial polymer within islands-in-the-sea fibers generates a highly porous scaffold capable of supporting stem cell viability and differentiation with the potential to generate large three-dimensional constructs for bone regeneration and/or other tissue engineering applications.
Intoxicación accidental con mercurio elemental

En respuesta a la carta dirigida hacia mi autoria en la investigacion titulada “Intoxicacion accidental por mercurio elemental”
An initial assessment of fuzzy logic vessel path control

A fuzzy logic controller for ship path control in restricted waters is developed and evaluated. The controller uses inputs of heading, yaw rate, and lateral offset from the nominal track. A Kalman filter is used to produce the input state variables from noisy measurements. The controller produces a commanded rudder angle. Input variable fuzzification, fuzzy associative memory rules, and output set defuzzification are described. The controller is benchmarked against a conventional linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) optimal controller and Kalman filter control systems. An initial startup transient and regulator control performance with an external hydrodynamic disturbance are evaluated. The fuzzy controller yields competitive performance.
Shared rules of development predict patterns of evolution in vertebrate segmentation

Phenotypic diversity is not uniformly distributed, but how biased patterns of evolutionary variation are generated and whether common developmental mechanisms are responsible remains debatable. High-level 'rules' of self-organization and assembly are increasingly used to model organismal development, even when the underlying cellular or molecular players are unknown. One such rule, the inhibitory cascade, predicts that proportions of segmental series derive from the relative strengths of activating and inhibitory interactions acting on both local and global scales. Here we show that this developmental design rule explains population-level variation in segment proportions, their response to artificial selection and experimental blockade of putative signals and macroevolutionary diversity in limbs, digits and somites. Together with evidence from teeth, these results indicate that segmentation across independent developmental modules shares a common regulatory 'logic', which has a predictable impact on both their short and long-term evolvability.
Socialization within day care: A brief review

Studies examining the effects of day care are reviewed. Little evidence was found indicating a negative impact on child development. A number of weaknesses in the day care literature were pointed out, including problems of ecological validity and failure to examine for differential effects. Suggestions for future research are made, among them a “natural history” of day care and studies of children who have experienced trauma.
Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy reveals cation-triggered backbone degradation in polysulfone-based anion exchange membranes

Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) find widespread applications as an electrolyte and/or electrode binder in fuel cells, electrodialysis stacks, flow and metal-air batteries, and electrolyzers. AEMs exhibit poor stability in alkaline media; their degradation is induced by the hydroxide ion, a potent nucleophile. We have used 2D NMR techniques to investigate polymer backbone stability (as opposed to cation stability) of the AEM in alkaline media. We report the mechanism behind a peculiar, often-observed phenomenon, wherein a demonstrably stable polysulfone backbone degrades rapidly in alkaline solutions upon derivatization with alkaline stable fixed cation groups. Using COSY and heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation spectroscopy (2D NMR), we unequivocally demonstrate that the added cation group triggers degradation of the polymer backbone in alkaline via quaternary carbon hydrolysis and ether hydrolysis, leading to rapid failure. This finding challenges the existing perception that having a stable cation moiety is sufficient to yield a stable AEM and emphasizes the importance of the often ignored issue of backbone stability.
Structures of d-threo-2,5-hexodiulose 1-phosphate and d-threo-2,5-hexodiulose 1,6-bisphosphate (5-keto-d-fructose mono- and bis-phosphate) in solution by 13C-N.M.R. spectroscopy

Abstract The mono- ( 2 ) and bis-phosphate ( 3 ) derivatives of d - threo -2,5-hexodiulose ( 1 ) (5-keto- d -fructose) were synthesized enzymically and purified by anion-exchange chromatography. The proportions, sizes of ring, and anomeric configurations were determined by F.t. 31 P- and 13 C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. Compound 2 was found to exist preponderantly (70–78%) in the β-pyranose form with the remainder existing in the 2 R ,5 R -furanose form. Compound 3 assumes two different furanose forms in solution, one (77–84%) being the 2 R ,5 R -furanose form and the other the 2 S ,5 R -furanose form.
Approaches to end-of-life decision-making in the NICU: insights from Dostoevsky's The Grand Inquisitor

For many parents stopping life-sustaining medical treatment on their dying infant is psychologically impossible. Dostoevsky's insights into human behavior, particularly the fact that individuals do not want the anxiety and guilt associated with responsibility for making difficult decisions, might change the way physicians approach parents for permission to withdraw life-prolonging medical interventions on dying infants.
Evaluation of printability and inspection of phase defects on hidden-shifter alternating phase-shift masks

Inspection and repair of defects represent some of the challenges for the fabrication of 'defect-free' alternating phase-shift masks needed for performance improvements in patterning the polysilicon gate layer of integrated circuit devices. Inspection, metrology, repair, and printability of defects on dark-field alternating phase-shift masks used in dual exposure processes for polysilicon gate layer patterning are discussed in this study. The impact of phase and chrome defects on photoresist features printed at an exposure wavelength of 248 nm is evaluated and compared to the defect signals measured on a mask inspection tool operating at 364 nm. Experimental data on printability and inspection of programmed glass defects with several different phase errors as well as programmed chrome defects are compared to simulations. The effects of the exposure tool focus conditions on phase defect printability are discussed in detail. Phase defect contrast enhancement mechanisms that may enable improvements in phase defect detection during mask inspection using conventional inspection tools are also addressed. Finally, successful repairs of real glass bump defects are demonstrated.
Efficient multidimensional indexing structure for linear maximization queries

Linear optimization queries appear in many application domains in the form of ranked lists subject to a linear criterion. Surveys such as top 50 colleges, best 20 towns to live and ten most costly cities ar often based on linearly weighted factors. The importance of linear modeling to information analysis and retrieval thus cannot be overemphasized. Limiting returned results to the extreme cases is an effective way to filter the overwhelmingly large amount of unprocessed data. This paper discusses the construction, maintenance and utilization of a multidimensional indexing structure for processing linear optimization queries. The proposed indexing structure enables fast query processing and has minimal storage overhead. Experimental result demonstrated that proposed indexing achieves significant performance gain with speedup like 100 times faster than linear scan to retrieve top 100 records out of a million. In this structure, a data record is indexed by its depth in a layered convex hull. Convex hull is the boundary of the smallest convex region contain a given set of points in a metric space. It is long known from linear programming theory that linear maximum and minimum always happen at some vertex of the convex hull. We applied this simple fact to build a multi-layered convex structure, which enables highly efficient query retrieval for any dynamically issued linear optimization criteria.
Role Reversals in the Life-Course: A Systematic Review

In this manuscript, we systematically review the literature on role reversals in the life-course. The term “role reversals” in this context means changes between the roles of offender and victim (a...
Importance and dimensionality of senior motorcoach traveler choice attributes.

Abstract This study provided practical information on seniors? motorcoach tour choice behavior and explored the dimensionality of their choice attributes. Data were collected from 817 seniors who had traveled on a motorcoach tour during the previous 12 months. Tour operator reputation and their health and safety concerns were the most important choice factors when selecting a motorcoach tour. Respondents were randomly split into two halves, with one half as the calibration sample and the other half as the validation sample. An exploratory factor analysis of 55 choice attributes was conducted using the calibration data to reduce the dimensionality of the instrument, with a six-factor solution derived. The six-factor structure was validated with a confirmatory factor analysis using the validation data. Implications for tour operators and researchers were provided.
Are Gay Men and Lesbians in the South the New “Threat”?: Regional Comparisons of the Contact Theory

While we have shown that increased contact with gay men and lesbians does positively alter attitudes toward that group in the United States, these findings may not hold for the American South. First, a long series of analyses of racial politics in the region have shown that, contrary to the contact theory, white southerners' attitudes towards African-Americans are actually inversely related to the percentage of blacks in their community. Second, the demise in explicit race baiting in the South's politics has been met by an increase in gay baiting in Southern campaigns. We conclude that the South is indeed distinctive in the manner in which contact with gay men and lesbians operates as a social phenomenon. While non-southerners respond to increased contact with gays and lesbians with warmer attitudes, this is not true in the Southern states. Moreover, other findings suggest that this regional disparity is likely to increase in the future and suggest that gay and lesbian activists must take regional differences into account as they develop strategies for creating change in public policies related to sexual orientation.
Volume control of plasma antidiuretic hormone concentration following acute blood volume expansion in the anesthetized dog.

ABSTRACT. Acute volume expansion was produced n i 9 dogs by infusing a lactated Ringer′s solution at 1 ml/kg/min in a volume estimated to increase blood volume by 20%. Volume expansion was maintained by replacing urinary fluid losses with equal volumes of the Ringer′s solution. Following volume expansion, the effects of a slow, nonhypotensive hemorrhage on plasma antidiuretic hormone concentration (PADH) were determined and compared to a group of 9 normovolemic dogs subjected to the same hemorrhage procedure, in order to determine if volume receptor control of ADH release would adapt t o acute increases in blood volume. Ringer′s infusion significantly increased blood volume to 95.2 ± 3.1 ml/kg (mean ± SE; P < 0.01) when compared to a mean normovolemic blood volume of 77.6 ± 3.4 ml/kg. Volume expansion was associated with a significantly lower (P)ADH (3.2 ± 1.6 µU/ml) than that i n normovolemic dogs (5.7 ± 1.2 µU/ml; p < 0.05). Significant increases in PADH (P < 0.05) occurred in both groups of dogs after ...
Securing the Border in Bosnia and Herzegovina: an Exploratory Analysis of the Impact of Training on Officers’ Knowledge and Experiences Related to Sex Trafficking

Across the globe law enforcement agencies are providing training specific to human trafficking in an effort to educate officers about trafficking indicators, techniques for evidence collection, and the provision of culturally sensitive and victim-centered assistance to trafficking victims. The effectiveness of said training, however, remains an understudied area. The primary goal of this study is to examine the influence training programs have on police officers’ knowledge and experiences related to sex trafficking. Utilizing self-report data from 363 border patrol agents in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a series of statistical analyses finds support for the hypotheses that trained officers will have a better understanding of sex trafficking indicators and field investigation techniques as well as more experience with sex trafficking cases. Somewhat unexpectedly, the results indicate that the vast majority of officers, regardless of training receipt, recognized a need for ongoing training and support. Implications of these findings will be discussed.