cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathologic analysis of breast lesions associated with multiple papillomas.

We performed a retrospective clinicopathologic study of 28 patients with breast lesions characterized by the presence of multiple (at least 5) papillomas (MPs) in at least 2 nonconsecutive blocks. All histologic sections were assessed for the presence of coexisting fibrocystic lesions, including atypical hyperplasia (atypical ductal hyperplasia [ADH] or atypical lobular hyperplasia [ALH]), lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), and papillary atypia (defined as nuclear hyperchromatism, stratification, and architectural complexity of a lesser degree than in papillary carcinoma). All of the lesions were compared with a set of cases in which ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) (n = 20) or invasive carcinoma (INV)(n = 13) was accompanied by MPs. The MP cases had a characteristic morphologic appearance, typically presenting as a mass comprising multiple adjacent ducts filled by papillomas, accompanied by dense fibrosis and intermingled with various proliferative fibrocystic lesions, particularly florid adenosis. Atypical hyperplasia was a frequent finding (in 12 of 28 cases; 43%), particularly in cases with atypical papillomas (7 of 11; 63.6%). Although contralateral lesions occurred in 4 of 28 patients (14.2%; 3 MPs and 1 INV), only 1 patient (4%) has developed ipsilateral breast carcinoma (mean follow-up, 47 months). DCIS associated with MP was typically low grade (17 of 20; 85%) and arose from areas within or immediately adjacent to preexisting benign lesions. None has recurred (mean follow-up, 41 months), although 1 patient has contralateral MP and 3 patients (23%) have developed carcinomas in the opposite breast. INVs developing in a background of (ipsilateral) MPs were mostly small (8 of 11 <2.0 cm), node negative (7 of 10), and estrogen receptor (ER) positive (8 of 8). Only 1 of 13 patients (8%) has died from disease (mean follow-up, 59 months), but 5 (38%) have developed contralateral breast lesions (including 1 MP, 1 MP-DCIS, 1 DCIS, 1 LCIS, and 1 INV). We conclude that the frequent associations with ADH, ALH/LCIS, malignant lesions, and bilaterality imply that MP may represent a marker of constitutionally increased breast cancer risk. Because carcinomas arose within or close to areas involved by preexisting benign MP lesions, it may also be appropriate to excise segments of tissue involved by MP, particularly cases with atypia, and closely monitor for contralateral disease.
Bound‐phrase searching in OCLC FirstSearch

A useful way to pinpoint information in OCLC FirstSearch is through a wordlist bound‐phrase search. A bound‐phrase search looks for the full title, author, and so forth. exactly as you type it. A wordlist search will tell you how many hits to expect before you are charged for a search. You can also browse through the wordlist for additional related terms that may be of interest.
The prognostic value of clinical and pathologic factors in esophageal adenocarcinoma: a mayo cohort of 796 patients with extended follow-up after surgical resection.

OBJECTIVE To identify and describe clinicopathologic prognostic factors in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma who underwent surgical resection with curative intent. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study cohort consisted of 796 patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, gastroesophageal junction, or gastric cardia who underwent complete tumor resection at Mayo Clinic from January 1, 1980, to December 31, 1997. We reviewed individual patient medical records and abstracted demographic, pathologic, perioperative, and cancer outcome data. Median follow-up for vital status and disease recurrence was 12.8 and 5.8 years, respectively. RESULTS Univariate analysis revealed the following factors to be statistically associated with worse 5-year disease-specific survival: higher N and T status, higher tumor grade, age older than 76 years, and the presence of extracapsular lymph node extension and signet ring cells. The following factors remained significantly linked with worse 5-year disease-specific survival on multivariate analysis: higher N and T status, grade, and age and the absence of preoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Anatomic location of tumor was not associated with differential prognosis. Lymph node metastases were found in 25 (27%) of 93 T1b tumors, 397 (85%) of 468 T3 tumors, and 22 (67%) of 33 T4a tumors. Disease-specific survival was better in T3-4N0 than in T1bN1-3 carcinomas (hazard ratio, 0.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.28-0.89, adjusted for grade and age; P =.02). CONCLUSION Our results confirm the importance of T and N status and tumor grade and suggest that age may affect prognosis. In addition, we show that a significant proportion of superficial esophageal adenocarcinomas exhibit regional metastases and have worse prognosis than more invasive nonmetastatic tumors.
Axonal neuropathy in female carriers of the fragile X premutation with fragile x–associated tremor ataxia syndrome

Introduction: In this study we examined whether females with the fragile X-associated tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) and non-FXTAS premutation carriers have electro- physiological signs of underlying peripheral neuropathy. Meth- ods: Nerve conduction studies (NCS) were performed on 19 women with FXTAS, 20 non-FXTAS carriers, and 26 age- matched controls. The results were compared with existing data on corresponding male carriers. Results: Women with FXTAS and non-FXTAS carriers had reduced sensory nerve action potential amplitudes. Also, there was a strong trend for reduced compound muscle action potential amplitudes in women with FXTAS, but not in non-FXTAS carriers. No significant slowing of nerve conduction velocities, prolongation of F-wave latencies, or associations with molecular measures was observed. Conclu- sions: This study suggests an underlying axonal neuropathy in women with FXTAS. However, in comparison to men with FXTAS, the NCS abnormalities in women were less severe, possibly due to the effect of a normal X chromosome. Muscle Nerve 52: 234-239, 2015
Assessing giftedness in children: Comparing the accuracy of three shortened measures of Intelligence to the Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition

This study examined the accuracy of three shortened measures of intelligence: the Woodcock–Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability, Third Edition Brief Intellectual Ability (WJ III COG BIA) score; the Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale, Fifth Edition Abbreviated IQ (SB5 ABIQ); and the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test IQ Composite (K-BIT) in predicting giftedness as assessed by the SB5 Full Scale IQ score (SB5 FSIQ). Participants were 202 third grade students who were individually administered the SB5, WJ III, and K-BIT. Four scores (SB5 ABIQ, K-BIT, WJ III COG BIA, and SB5 FSIQ) were extracted. Correlational analyses revealed positive, significant relationships among the four scores. Discriminant function analyses, conducted to examine the accuracy of the three shortened measures of intelligence in predicting giftedness, revealed that overall, the WJ III score was the most accurate, and the K-BIT score was the least accurate in identifying giftedness. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clofarabine and cytarabine combination as induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in patients 50 years of age or older.

Outcome of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are older than 60 years of age remains unsatisfactory, with low remission rates and poor overall survival. We have previously established the activity of clofarabine plus cytarabine in AML relapse. We have now conducted a phase 2 study of clofarabine plus cytarabine in patients aged 50 years or older with previously untreated AML. Clofarabine was given at 40 mg/m2 as a 1-hour intravenous infusion for 5 days (days 2 to 6) followed 4 hours later by cytarabine at 1 g/m2/d as a 2-hour intravenous infusion for 5 days (days 1 to 5). Of 60 patients, 29 (48%) had secondary AML, 30 (50%) had abnormal karyotypes (monosomy 5 and/or 7 in 15 [25%]), and 11 (21%) showed FLT3 abnormalities. The overall response (OR) rate was 60% (52% CR, 8% CRp). Four patients (7%) died during induction. Adverse events were mainly grade 2 or lower and included diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, mucositis, skin reactions, liver test abnormalities, and infusion-related facial flushing and headaches. Myelosuppression was common. Clofarabine plus cytarabine has activity in adult AML, achieving a good CR rate. However, survival does not appear to be improved compared with other regimens. Modifications of this combination in AML therapy of older patients warrant further evaluation. (Blood. 2006;108:45-51)
Evidence for a third uptake hydrogenase phenotype among the soybean bradyrhizobia

Abstract The existence of a hydrogen uptake host-regulated (Hup-hr) phenotype was established among the soybean bradyrhizobia. The Hup-hr phenotype is characterized by the expression of uptake hydrogenase activity in symbiosis with cowpea but not soybean. Uptake hydrogenase induction is not possible under free-living cultural conditions by using techniques developed for uptake hydrogenase-positive (Hup+) Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Hydrogen oxidation by Hup-hr phenotype USDA 61 in cowpea symbioses was significant because hydrogen evolution from nitrogen-fixing nodules was not detected. An examination for uptake hydrogenase activity in soybean and cowpea with 123 strains diverse in origin and serology identified 16 Hup+ and 28 Hup-hr phenotype strains; the remainder appeared to be Hup−. The Hup-hr phenotype was associated with serogroups 31, 76, and 94, while strains belonging to serogroups 6, 31, 110, 122, 123, and 38/115 were Hup+. Hup+ strains of the 123 serogroup typed positive with USDA 129-specific antiserum. The presence of the uptake hydrogenase protein in cowpea bacteroids of Hup+ strains was demonstrated with immunoblot analyses by using antibodies against the 65-kDa subunit of uptake hydrogenase purified from strain SR470. However, the hydrogenase protein of Hup-hr strains was not detected. Results of Southern hybridization analyses with pHU1 showed the region of DNA with hydrogenase genes among Hup+ strains to be similar. Hybridization was also obtained with Hup-hr strains by using a variety of cloned DNA as probes including hydrogenase structural genes. Both hydrogenase structural genes also hybridized with the DNA of four Hup− strains.
Learning switching concepts

We consider learning in situations where the function used to classify examples may switch back and forth between a small number of different concepts during the course of learning. We examine several models for such situations: oblivious models in which switches are made independent of the selection of examples, and more adversarial models in which a single adversary controls both the concept switches and example selections.We show relationships between the more benign models and the p-concepts of Kearns and Schapire, and present polynomial-time algorithms for learning switches between two k-DNF formulas. For the most adversarial model, we present a model of success patterned after the popular competitive analysis used in studying on-line algorithms. We describe a randomized query algorithm for such adversarial switches between two monotone disjunctions that is “1-competitive” in that the total number of mistakes plus queries is with high probability bounded by the number of switches plus some fixed polynomial in n (the number of variables).We also use notions described here to provide sufficient conditions under which learning a p-concept class “with a decision rule” implies being able to learn the class “with a model of probability.”.
Insulin sensitizers and polycystic ovary syndrome: can a diabetes medication treat infertility? ☆

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a phenotypically heterogeneous disorder that was first described by Stein and Levanthal in 1935 as a classic triad of amenorrhea, obesity, and hirsutism. Participants at the 1990 National Institutes of Health conference on PCOS supported a definition of PCOS that included three key features: [1] oligomenorrhea, [2] hyperandrogenism (clinical examination or laboratory measurement), and [3] the absence of other endocrine disorders including nonclassical adrenal hyperplasia, androgen-secreting tumors, hyperprolactinemia, and thyroid dysfunction.
Postoperative beta radiation treatment of pterygium.

Abstract A retrospective analysis of 69 patients with diagnosis of pterygium who underwent surgical removal of the pterygium and postoperative beta radiation from a Strontium-90 (Sr-90) applicator from January, 1973, to December, 1977, is presented. The radiation treatment was delivered 2–48 hrs postoperatively after surgical removal of the pterygium. Those few patients who received beta radiation after more than 56 hours postoperatively were not included in the analysis because of the small number of patients in this group. Thirty-two patients had bilateral pterygium; 18 patients from this group received radiation treatment to one eye only. A total of 83 eyes have been irradiated in the whole group. A total dose of 1800–2200 rad equivalent of beta radiation was delivered to the edge of the cornea and surgical bed of the pterygium in the conjunctiva. Measurement by phantom showed that the dose to the anterior surface of the lens will be approximately 70–90 rad, and the dose to the retina will be 4–8 rad during a single dose of 1800–2200 rad equivalent of beta radiation to the conjunctiva and pterygium bed. Thirty-nine percent of the nonirradiated eyes after removal of the pterygium developed recurrence, whereas only 5% of the irradiated eyes developed recurrence. Nineteen percent of the irradiated eyes developed cataract as well as 10% of the nonirradiated eyes. These include all detectable cataracts, some of which did not require lens removal. Local cortisone therapy reduced the progression of the recurrent disease for a few months and partial regression was seen in four eyes, but there was no complete regression of any recurrent pterygium with topical cortisone therapy. This retrospective study showed that postoperative 1800–2200 rad beta radiation from a Strontium-90 applicator, if delivered 2–48 hours postoperatively, is effective in reducing the recurrence rate. It has acceptable range of complication if it is administered by an experienced radiation therapist and calculation and calibration are done precisely. The immediate and late side effects and complications of beta radiation from a Strontium applicator are discussed, and the dose delivered to the cornea, sclera, lens, and retina with this radiation treatment are shown.
The greater chemotactic network for lymphocyte trafficking: chemokines and beyond.

Purpose of reviewThis review examines our current understanding of the chemoattractant network for lymphocyte trafficking and discusses the recent findings in this area.Recent findingsThe universe of chemoattractants is expanding. Although the ∼40 chemokines by themselves provide an extensive networ
Ranking refinement and its application to information retrieval

We consider the problem of ranking refinement, i.e., to improve the accuracy of an existing ranking function with a small set of labeled instances. We are, particularly, interested in learning a better ranking function using two complementary sources of information, ranking information given by the existing ranking function (i.e., a base ranker) and that obtained from users' feedbacks. This problem is very important in information retrieval where the feedback is gradually collected. The key challenge in combining the two sources of information arises from the fact that the ranking information presented by the base ranker tends to be imperfect and the ranking information obtained from users' feedbacks tends to be noisy. We present a novel boosting framework for ranking refinement that can effectively leverage the uses of the two sources of information. Our empirical study shows that the proposed algorithm is effective for ranking refinement, and furthermore significantly outperforms the baseline algorithms that incorporate the outputs from the base ranker as an additional feature.
Enzyme formation during solid-substrate fermentation in rotating vessels.

Aspergillus awamori NRRL 4869 was cultured on the solid substrate, wheat bran, in a modified Rollacell apparatus to produce α-galactosidase and invertase. The swivel cap on the elongated bottle permits the introduction of air while the bottle rotates. Parameters of air flow rate (0.05–0.2 liter/kg/min), rpm (0.15–15 rpm), and weight of solids (150 and 300 g) were varied. At low air flow rates (0.05 liter/kg solid/min), α-galactosidase production was minimal independent of the rotation rate. At 0.15 rpm and 0.2 liter/kg solids/min air flow rate, invertase production ceased after five days; whereas α-galactosidase production continued. The modified Rollacell can be a useful apparatus for studying solid-substrate cultures.
Of risk and pork: urban security and the politics of objectivity

This article focuses on the Urban Area Security Initiative (UASI) controversy as a case study in the politics of risk assessment. It examines struggles among diverse actors-think tank experts, journalists, politicians, and government officials-engaged in the contentious process of establishing a legitimate definition of risk. In the field of homeland security, the means of conducting rational risk assessment have not yet been settled, and entrepreneurial officials from urban and regional governments use different techniques to identify local risks and vulner- abilities. In this contentious process, federal bureaucrats are responsible for determining how to allocate resources fairly and rationally to different cities and metropolitan regions, given that local officials have clear incentives to request funds and little cause to refrain. Although "rationality" is supposed to replace "politics" in making bureaucratic decisions over the allocation of resources, what we find instead is a political struggle over how to define, measure, and manage risk. For political actors, victory in debates over urban security comes from codifying one's interests within the technical practice of risk assessment.
Online response-selection and the attentional blink: Multiple-processing channels

Robust interference often arises when multiple targets (T1 and T2) are discriminated in rapid succession (the attentional blink or AB). The AB has been observed for a wide range of stimuli, and is often thought to reflect a central capacity limitation in working memory consolidation, attentional engagement, and/or online response selection. However, recent evidence challenges the existence of unitary bottleneck during postperceptual processing. Awh et al. (2004) found no AB interference when a digit target preceded a face target, presumably because these stimuli could be processed by means of separable processing channels. Using a modified AB procedure, recent studies have also demonstrated that speeded response selection of T1 leads to an AB effect for T2 identification, supporting the conclusion that response selection induces the same processing limitations that typically gives rise to an AB. The present research tests this hypothesis by examining the effects of response selection on the identification of faces. Although we replicated previous demonstrations that online response selection of a digit disrupts the identification of T2 letters, we found no interference in the identification of T2 faces. However, robust AB interference was once again observed when a speeded response to a T1 face was required, confirming that faces are not simply immune to central interference. These results dispute the existence of a unitary postperceptual capacity limitation that gives rise to the AB.
Hyperglycemia presenting as left middle cerebral artery stroke: a case report.

Background and Purpose: Hyperglycemia is an important diagnostic differential and has been rarely reported to cause focal neurological deficits masquerading as stroke. Discussion of hyperglycemia as a stroke mimic has been sparse in the era of diffusion weighted imaging, but remains an important mimic. Case Summary: A 67 year-old right-handed woman with presented with lethargy, global aphasia, left eye deviation and right hemiparesis. She received IV t-PA for left MCA syndrome and transferred for possible intervention. Initial labs showed a glucose 825mg/dL. MRI/MRA brain was negative for acute stroke with patent vessels. The patient was admitted and treated with medical resuscitation including IV fluids and an insulin drip. After normoglycemia was achieved the patient's neurological deficits resolved. EEG on day one of hospitalization showed left hemispheric slowing that subsequently normalized on continuous recording. Conclusion: We report a case of hyperglycemia clinically mimicking a left MCA syndrome reversed with medical management possibly explained by metabolic demand-blood flow coupling of inactive tissue rather than hypoperfused tissue at risk of infarction.
mTORC1/2 and rapamycin in female Han:SPRD rats with polycystic kidney disease.

Rapamycin slows disease progression in the male Han:SPRD (Cy/+) rat with polycystic kidney disease (PKD). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of rapamycin on PKD and the relative cont...
Event-based haptics and acceleration matching: portraying and assessing the realism of contact

Contact in a typical haptic environment resembles the experience of tapping on soft foam, rather than on a hard object. Event-based, high-frequency transient forces must be superimposed with traditional proportional feedback to provide realistic haptic cues at impact. We have developed a new method for matching the accelerations experienced during real contact, inverting a dynamic model of the device to compute appropriate force feedback transients. We evaluated this haptic rendering paradigm by conducting a study in which users blindly rated the realism of tapping on a variety of virtually rendered surfaces as well as on three real objects. Event-based feedback significantly increased the realism of the virtual surfaces, and the acceleration matching strategy was rated similarly to a sample of real wood on a foam substrate. This work provides a new avenue for achieving realism of contact in haptic interactions.
Kinetics of cooperative ligand–lattice binding: Fast Monte Carlo integration

A fast Monte Carlo integration algorithm with varying time step is described for cooperative binding of ligands of arbitrary length to a one-dimensional lattice. This algorithm is particularly suitable for strongly cooperative or anticooperative systems, i.e., when the time scales for different kinetic events are very different. As an application, the kinetics of a bimodal two-ligand system are briefly discussed.
Evaluation of Sampling Methods and Species Richness Estimators for Ants in Upland Ecosystems in Florida

The growing emphasis on including invertebrates in global biodiversity conservation efforts has prompted an increase in the study of invertebrate assemblages. Invertebrate sampling designs and the bias of individual methods, nevertheless, remain poorly understood for a variety of habitats. We used a structured inventory approach to sampling ants in Þve upland ecosystems in Florida. We evaluated the efÞciency of quantitative and nonquantitative methods for sampling ants. We also evaluated the performance of four species richness estimators. A total of 3,774 species occurrences were distributed among 1,732 samples that contained 94 species from 31 genera. Twenty unique species and 10 duplicate species were collected. Compared with a comprehensive species list for Florida, sampling captured 66% of the regional fauna and 70 Ð90% of species within the ecosystems studied. Combinations of sampling methods were much more effective for assessing species richness. Individual methods were complementary and sampled only part of the entire assemblage. Nonparametric estimators (an incidence-based coverage estimator (ICE) and a jackknife estimator (Jack2)) performed better than lognormal Þtting, and Michaelis-Menten curve extrapola- tion. However, none of the estimators was stable, and their estimates should be viewed with skepticism. The results of this study provide support for the use of the Ants of the Leaf Litter (ALL) protocol for thoroughly sampling ant assemblages in temperate and subtropical ecosystems. Furthermore, our results indicate that even in relatively species-poor (compared with the tropics) temperate and subtropical regions, a large sampling effort that includes multiple sampling methods is the most effective manner of thoroughly sampling an ant assemblage. Therefore, we suggest that structured inventory should be adopted for a wider variety of terrestrial invertebrate studies.
Use of marine protected areas and exclusive economic zones in the subtropical western North Atlantic Ocean by large highly mobile sharks

tudy aim and location Many populations of highly mobile marine fishes, including large sharks, are experiencing declines. The benefits of spatial management zones, such as marine protected areas (MPAs), for such animals are unclear. To help fill this knowledge gap, we examined core habitat use areas (CHUAs) for bull (Carcharhinus leucas), great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) and tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) in relation to specific MPAs and exclusive economic zones (EEZs) in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Methods Bull, great hammerhead and tiger sharks (N = 86 total) were satellite tagged and tracked in southern Florida and the northern Bahamas between 2010 and 2013. Filtered and regularized positions from Argos locations of tag transmissions were used to generate CHUAs for these sharks. Overlaps of CHUAs with regional protected areas and exclusive economic management zones were quantified to determine the proportion of each tracked shark's CHUA under spatial protection from exploitation. Results A total of 0%, 17.9% and 34.7% of the regional CHUAs for tracked bull, great hammerhead and tiger sharks, respectively, were fully protected from exploitation in the study area. Main conclusions Expansion of protected areas to include U.S. territorial waters would effectively protect 100% of the CHUAs for all tracked sharks in the study area. This finding is particularly significant for great hammerhead sharks, which are currently overfished, vulnerable to bycatch mortality and are the focus of strident regional conservation efforts. These findings also provide a means to inform decision makers and marine conservation planning efforts as to the types of management actions available and potential efficacy of spatial protections for these marine predators.
Use of a FITLINE to Support Families of Overweight and Obese Children in Pediatric Practices.

Abstract Background: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends a staged approach to pediatric weight management, starting with helping families to make targeted dietary and activity changes. This pilot study evaluated the preliminary efficacy of a pediatric practice-based referral program to support parents in helping their overweight/obese children improve their weight-related behaviors and BMI. Methods: A nonrandomized intervention study with contemporaneous control was used. Parents and their children ages 8–12 with BMI ≥85th percentile (N = 37) were recruited from a pediatric practice serving a low-income, multiethnic population. Providers delivered brief intervention and referred families to six weekly FITLINE telephone counseling sessions with a nutritionist who guided parents in helping their child make AAP-recommended changes. Child BMI and parent survey of child diet and physical activity were completed at baseline and 3 months. Medical record data from 44 children matched for age and B...
2011 AEG Outstanding Student Professional Paper: Comparison of Colluvium, Debris-Flow, and Glacial Deposits Using Sedimentological, Geotechnical, and Geological Properties, Durango, ColoradoComparison of Colluvium, Debris-Flow, and Glacial Deposits

Colluvium and debris-flow deposits differ from each other and from glacial till and glacial outwash deposits in Durango, CO, in terms of sedimentological properties evaluated using laboratory testing. Testing included grain-size analysis, Atterberg limits, specific gravity, visual angularity, and uncompacted void content (UVC). Grain-size analysis showed that colluvium, glacial deposits, and debris-flow deposits had different grain-size distributions (GSDs) that occupied fields on a GSD graph with some overlap. Debris-flow deposits had the most gravel-sized grains, and colluvium had the most silt- and clay-sized grains, while glacial till and glacial outwash had very similar GSDs between colluvium and debris-flow deposits. Comparisons of angularity to gravel-to-fines (G/F) ratio provided a second graphical method for discriminating between debris-flow, colluvium, and glacial deposits. Generally, colluvium and debris-flow deposits were more angular than glacial till and outwash. Additionally, several linear correlations were recognized between lithology of grains and sedimentological and geotechnical properties, the most significant of which were: (1) The angularity of gravel in glacial till and outwash was positively correlated to sandstone gravel content, (2) the plasticity index of outwash fines was positively correlated to the metamorphic gravel content, (3) the amount of outwash fines was positively correlated to sandstone and metamorphic gravel content, while it was negatively correlated to carbonate gravel content, and (4) rounded and sub-rounded gravel content in outwash was positively correlated to carbonate and extrusive igneous gravel content. This study provides insight into the geomechanical differences between depositional mechanisms in similar semiarid environments.
Euler's Constant and e

(1984). Euler's Constant and e. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 91, No. 7, pp. 428-430.
Further Studies of the Poliomyelitis Precipitin Reaction.

By inoculating rabbits intracerebrally, with suspensions of nasopharyngeal washings, I have demonstrated the prevalence of the pleomorphic streptococcus believed to be of etiologic significance in poliomyelitis, in the throats not only of persons ill with typical and abortive attacks, but of normal persons during epidemics of poliomyelitis. By the same method this organism was proved absent in the throats of these subjects during the absence of poliomyelitis. In control experiments performed during epidemics of the last two summers it was found that, when animal inoculations revealed the presence of this organism, the cleared salt-solution extracts of nasopharyngeal swabbings usually gave a positive precipitin reaction with the hyperimmune horse serum, which is prepared by injection of the pleomorphic streptococcus, and used in the treatment of poliomyelitis.
Labor in the Early New England Carpet Industry

In the annals of American labor the deeds of the carpet weavers are writ large. Their experiences are significant not only for the labor movement; they have permanently left their mark on the business institutions which were involved. In no case is this more true than in that of the Bigelow-Sanford Carpet Company. A study of the history of this company is under way at the Harvard Business School. This paper is drawn mainly from the records of the two largest and most important of Bigelow-Sanford's six ante-bellum predecessors: the Lowell Manufacturing Company and the Thompsonville Carpet Manufacturing Company.
Optimism/pessimism and future orientation as predictors of suicidal ideation: Are there ethnic differences?

Objective The present study sought to test the generalizability of Chang et al.'s (2013) model, which suggests that optimism/pessimism and future orientation function as additive and interactive predictors of suicidal risk, to specific ethnic minority college student groups (i.e., Asian Americans, African Americans, and Latino Americans). Method The present study used Chang et al.'s (2013) model to predict suicidal ideation among 81 (34 male and 47 female) Asian-American, 71 (22 male and 49 female) African-American adults, and 83 (34 male and 49 female) Latino-American college students. Results Our results indicated that this model did not predict suicidal ideation well for Asian-American college students; however, it did work well to predict suicidal ideation for African-American and Latino-American college students. Conclusions Our findings indicate that optimism/pessimism and future orientation are important positive cognitions involved with suicidal ideation for African-American and Latino-American college students. Further research is needed to better understand the cultural underpinnings of how these positive cognitions work to predict suicide-related outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record
Introduction: The intergenerational promise of environmental human rights

Rights are very future-oriented things. Though they may be based upon past legal agreements or philosophical arguments, they function as guarantors of future behavior and treatment. Rights belong t...
Symptom control in geriatric patients with terminal cancer: pain, nausea, and vomiting.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Few areas of medicine offer the physician such an opportunity for relieving suffering as in the care of the terminally ill. Usually, it is clear that the patient will die from the disease days or weeks before the event occurs. Treatments are available to significantly relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life in virtually all cancer patients. "The quality of mercy is essential to the practice of medicine; here, of all places, it should not be strained."
Traumatic rupture of a cervical parathyroid adenoma.

BACKGROUND Spontaneous rupture of a hyperplastic parathyroid gland or adenoma resulting in extracapsular hemorrhage is extremely rare. METHODS We report a case of traumatic rupture of a cervical parathyroid gland adenoma. RESULTS The patient had progressive stridor, neck swelling, and chest and back pain with evidence of ongoing blood loss resulting in airway compromise. Exploration of the neck and superior mediastinum revealed hypercellular parathyroid tissue consistent with adenoma or hyperplasia. CONCLUSIONS Traumatic rupture of an enlarged parathyroid gland is a distinct and potentially lethal cause of unexplained cervical or mediastinal hemorrhage after blunt neck trauma. Failure to consider the diagnosis may result in delayed operative intervention with persistent hemorrhage resulting in airway compromise.
High Sensitivity Nanosecond Mid-Infrared Transient Absorption Spectrometer Enabling Low Excitation Density Measurements of Electronic Materials

A dispersive nanosecond transient absorption instrument was developed to enable rapid time-resolved and steady-state measurements in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) region for thin films without the need for gated integrators or lock-in amplifiers. Two detectors are used depending on the experimental needs (100 MHz and 16 MHz) with time resolution from nano-millisecond and spectral coverage from 1000-5000 cm-1 (2000-10 000 nm). The instrument utilizes flexible digitization resolution (8 bit to 14 bit) to enable high sensitivity (10-5) measurements on thin films under low excitation (<50 µJ/cm2). We highlight the instrument's improvement over prior state-of-the-art time-resolved capabilities by measuring transient species (e.g., polarons) under extremely low energy densities (<5 µJ/cm2) in less than 10 minutes to achieve high fidelity signals. Additionally, to highlight the spectral capabilities we study two optoelectronic materials for which we resolve vibrational features as small as 10 µOD.
Abstract A90: Predictors of inpatient mortality, charges, and length of stay among the very old with colon cancer in the United States

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess economic and clinical outcomes associated with inpatient colon cancer cases among persons 85 years and older in the U.S. from 2001-2010. We hypothesize that colon cancer is associated with higher inpatient charges and worse outcomes among those with infections compared to those without infections. Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis utilized nationally-representative hospital discharge data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Cases 85+ years of age with any diagnosis of colon cancer were included. Generalized linear models were used to assess outcomes of mortality, charges, and length of stay controlling for Elixhauser and predominant comorbidities, patient demographics, payer, year, and hospital characteristics. Results: Of all adult colon cancer cases (n=1,846,363), 12.5% (n=230,133) occurred in persons 85+ years, averaging 88.7±3.2 years, 5.0±8.1 days for length of stay, and $55,485±67,938 in charges. Among the 9.5% (n=21,851) of inpatient mortality cases, predominant comorbidities included fluid and electrolyte disorders (60.7%), cardiac dysrhythmias (40.2%), heart failure (36.8%), distant metastases (33.5%), respiratory failure (31.8%), anemia (30.1%), surgical complications (28.8%), hypertension (28.3%), coronary atherosclerosis (25.7%), intestinal obstruction (25.6%), renal failure (25.3%), and sepsis (24.5%). Results of the multivariate binomial regression indicated that significantly increased odds of mortality (p Conclusions: Colon cancer has a large burden of illness among older persons. Continued research that seeks to risk stratify these cases based on comorbid conditions and complications should improve both clinical and economic outcomes in this vulnerable population. Citation Format: Tomas Nuno, Grant Skrepnek. Predictors of inpatient mortality, charges, and length of stay among the very old with colon cancer in the United States. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Seventh AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 9-12, 2014; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015;24(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A90.
The Role of Wetlands for Mitigating Economic Damage from Hurricanes

Coastal communities along the United States coast often experience significant economic damage resulting from the impacts of tropical storms and hurricanes. Research suggests that certain factors that affect economic damages are increasing the vulnerability of coastal communities. Population growth, which increases vulnerability by placing valuable lives and assets in the path of storms, is expected to increase. Climate change has the potential to cause more frequent and intense storms, and coastal wetland loss is contributing to the vulnerability of coastal populations. Wetlands conservation and restoration is often advocated for as a means of reducing the impacts of coastal storms. The relationship between wetlands and storm surge energy is understood relatively well in physical terms, but very little economic analysis has been conducted to estimate the degree to which wetlands reduce economic impacts. Using factor analysis, the relationships among coastal populations, wetlands, storm intensity, and economic damage are explored. The factor analysis suggests that wetland presence is associated with a reduction in economic damages from coastal storms. Factor score analysis suggests that the proportion of damage explained by wetland presence is smaller for more intense storms. These results are consistent with those found in the physical science literature and have potentially large consequences for how wetlands are used in risk reduction.
The New Afro-Asian Formula for Swift Decolonization and the Follow-Up of Chapter XI

On 14 December 1960, the General Assembly adopted, by a vote of 89-0-9 abstentions, a “Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples.” This historic Declaration under which a new system was established with the sole purpose of achieving orderly decolonization under the Charter was sponsored by forty-three Afro-Asian States. Although the new system has evolved as a result of the gains made possible by the broad interpreters of Chapter XI, yet there is a substantive degree of difference in their respective terms of reference. Therefore it could be said that the evolutionary methods of Chapter XI had been replaced by the new dynamic methods and institutions of the Declaration on independence. However, the term “follow-up”1 is considered more indicative of the conceptual and institutional change than other terms such as “by-passing” or “supplanting.”
A high-order perturbation of surfaces method for scattering of linear waves by periodic multiply layered gratings in two and three dimensions

Abstract The capability to rapidly and robustly simulate the scattering of linear waves by periodic, multiply layered media in two and three dimensions is crucial in many engineering applications. In this regard, we present a High-Order Perturbation of Surfaces method for linear wave scattering in a multiply layered periodic medium to find an accurate numerical solution of the governing Helmholtz equations. For this we truncate the bi-infinite computational domain to a finite one with artificial boundaries, above and below the structure, and enforce transparent boundary conditions there via Dirichlet–Neumann Operators. This is followed by a Transformed Field Expansion resulting in a Fourier collocation, Legendre–Galerkin, Taylor series method for solving the problem in a transformed set of coordinates. Assorted numerical simulations display the spectral convergence of the proposed algorithm.
Ability and sex differences in spatial thinking: What does the mental rotation test really measure?

Spatial ability tests are often interpreted as measuring facility with imagined spatial transformations of objects. But some spatial ability tests can be solved by analytic strategies as well as imagery transformation strategies. In the present study, participants gave verbal protocols while completing items on the Vandenberg and Kuse (Perceptual & Motor Skills, 4, 599–604, 1978) mental rotation test, and/or reported the strategies they had used on the test. Most participants used both imagery transformation and analytic strategies (i.e., feature-based, orientation-independent strategies) to solve the test items. Use of one analytic strategy, the global-shape strategy, was positively correlated with accuracy. Specifically, some of the most successful students used this strategy to eliminate answer choices, reducing the need for mental imagery. Men outperformed women, as is typical on this test, and were more likely than women to use the global-shape strategy, in particular, and more holistic strategies, in general. These results argue against the mental rotation test as a measure of spatial imagery alone and suggest that the ability to discover and use more efficient analytic strategies may be an important additional component of what this test measures.
Pediatric Cutaneous Graft Versus Host Disease: A Review

Background Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a significant complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the pediatric population. The most common clinical manifestation of GVHD is in the skin. This article will present a review of key concepts related to pediatric cutaneous GVHD, including pathophysiology, clinical epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment options. Objective GVHD is an immune-mediated process characterized by an inflammatory immune response in acute GVHD and mixed inflammatory and fibrotic states in chronic GVHD. The clinical presentations of cutaneous GVHD are heterogeneous. Method Acute cutaneous GVHD classically presents as an erythematous morbilliform eruption appearing within a few weeks after transplantation. Chronic cutaneous GVHD may manifest as poikiloderma, lichenoid lesions, or sclerodermatous changes. The sclerodermatous form of cutaneous GVHD is associated with substantial long-term morbidity, including joint contractures, myalgias, and mobility restriction. Results First-line pharmacologic treatment options typically include corticosteroids and in some cases, calcineurin inhibitors. Biologics and immunotherapies are an active area of investigation for GVHD that is refractory to corticosteroid treatment. Non-pharmacologic treatment options that have shown benefit for cutaneous GVHD include extracorporeal photopheresis and phototherapy. Conclusion Accurate diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous GVHD is essential to preventing and alleviating the long-term sequelae and morbidity associated with this condition.
Mercury wet deposition and speciated mercury air concentrations at rural and urban sites across New York state: Temporal patterns, sources and scavenging coefficients.

Abstract Measurements of ambient speciated mercury (Hg) concentrations and Hg wet deposition were made at two urban sites (Bronx, NY and Rochester, NY) and one rural site (Potsdam, NY) in New York State in 2013 and 2014 to: 1) determine the factors influencing Hg wet deposition concentrations, 2) identify the contribution of gaseous oxidized Hg (GOM) and particulate bound Hg (PBM) scavenging to Hg wet deposition concentrations, and 3) identify potential source areas associated with high concentration events. The Bronx had the highest mean gaseous elemental Hg (GEM) and GOM concentrations, Rochester had the highest mean PBM and the lowest GOM concentrations, and Potsdam had the lowest mean GEM and PBM concentrations. The annual volume weighted mean (VWM) Hg concentrations and Hg wet deposition fluxes in the Bronx, Rochester, and Potsdam were significantly different with mean values of 10.3 ± 8.16, 10.2 ± 9.06, and 5.07 ± 1.79 ngL−1 and 8.45 ± 0.64, 6.65 ± 0.21, and 5.25 ± 0.49 μg/m2 year−1, respectively. Hg wet deposition flux and precipitation depth were positively correlated at all three sites as were Hg concentration in precipitation and weekly GOM concentrations at the Bronx and Potsdam sites. Scavenging coefficients (SC) of 680, 630, 850 for GOM and 410, 320, and 410 for PBM at Bronx, Rochester, and Potsdam, respectively, suggest GOM is responsible for most of the scavenged Hg. Measured GOM and PBM concentrations were relatively constant before precipitation events and Hg concentrations in precipitation did not vary significantly during precipitation events implying the scavenging process mainly occurred in clouds. VWM Hg concentrations, monthly accumulated Hg flux, and SCs for GOM and PBM were higher at the urban sites and significantly different for non-snow and snow events. Local sources appeared more important at the rural site while regional sources affected high urban concentrations.
Variational Data Assimilation for the Global Ocean

A fully three dimensional, multivariate, variational ocean data assimilation system has been developed that produces simultaneous analyses of temperature, salinity, geopotential and vector velocity. The analysis is run in real-time and is being evaluated as the data assimilation component of the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) forecast system at the U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office. Global prediction of the ocean weather requires that the ocean model is run at very high resolution. Currently, global HYCOM is executed at 1/12 degree resolution ( ∼ 7 km mid-latitude grid mesh), with plans to move to a 1/25 degree resolution grid in the near future ( ∼ 3 km mid-latitude grid mesh). These high resolution global grids present challenges for the analysis given the huge model state vector and the ever increasing number of satellite and in situ ocean observations available for the assimilation. In this paper the development and evaluation of the new oceanographic three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) data assimilation is described. Special emphasis is placed on documenting the capabilities built into the 3DVAR to make the system efficient for use in global HYCOM.