cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The "Morning-After Pill"

In answer to a question requesting a list of the medications and dosages currently used for morning-after therapy in attempting to avoid conception and a request for commentary on the relative costs and side effects of these products it is stated that diethylstilbestrol given at 25 mg for 5 days is the usual agent for postcoital contraception. The use of this agent is quite controversial as it causes teratogenic effects to the unborn fetus. While the drug is still approved the Food and Drug Administration requires that the recipient be warned of the possible effects on the fetus should pregnancy occur. Ethinyl estradiol given soon after coitus has also been found quite effective in preventing pregnancy. A dose of 5 mg twice a day for 5 days is the most effective administration. These medications should be prescribed along with an antiemetic due to the severe nausea which accompanies their ingestion. A course of diethylstilbestrol can be expected to cost between $3-$5 and ethinyl estradiol as much as $15 although lower costs may occur once the use of ethinyl estradiol is approved by the Food and Drug Administration.
Amniocentesis in the management of Rh-sensitized pregnancies

Summary An evaluation of the techniques of amniocentesis and spectrophotometric analysis of amniotic fluid in 49 Rh-sensitized pregnancies encompassing 101 procedures indicates that this is a highly accurate method of determining the intrauterine state of the fetus and should greatly improve the perinatal survival of infants affected with this disease. The series was analyzed for 8 possible complications. We have reconfirmed that amniocentesis has a wide margin of safety as a diagnostic and prognostic procedure presenting minimum risks to mother and fetus when properly performed.
Campaign Finance and the First Amendment: A Rawlsian Analysis

The existence of soft money and the large amounts of hard money that pollute the electoral system distort political speech. This Note proposes campaign finance reform to increase fairness by equalizing the power to create political speech, thus scrutinizing the root of the problem. This Note argues that equality of influence in the political sphere should be the hallmark of campaign contribution jurisprudence, examining private finance from within the egalitarian concerns of John Rawls' "A Theory of Justice". The Note focuses on campaign contributions and evaluates the existing hard money campaign contribution limits and argues that they are too high to achieve the fair value of each citizen's political liberties. Further, the Note argues that there is no good reason why soft money contributions should not be regulated in order to equalize political power. Soft and hard money contributions should not be allowed to play a definitive role in contested political decisions. Instead, their use should be severely restricted so that all members of society who wish to contribute can afford to do so equally.
A Test in Context: High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein.

The inflammatory biomarker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) adds prognostic information on cardiovascular risk comparable to blood pressure or cholesterol. Values 3 mg/l indicate lower, average, or higher relative cardiovascular risk, respectively. Global risk algorithms that include hsCRP outperform those solely using Framingham covariates. Although diet, exercise, and smoking cessation are first steps for patients with a proinflammatory response, JUPITER (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin) trial data demonstrate that statins reduce by 47% the rate of first myocardial infarction, stroke, or confirmed cardiovascular death when given to patients with low-density lipoprotein-C levels of 2 mg/l (hazard ratio: 0.53; 95% confidence interval: 0.40 to 0.69; p < 0.00001). In current U.S. guidelines, hsCRP carries a class IIb assessment and is most appropriate in primary prevention when clinical decisions to initiate statin therapy are uncertain. Ongoing multinational trials are pursuing whether reducing inflammation will decrease vascular event rates.
Squeezing Blood from a Stone: The Archaeological Context of the İncirli Inscription

In photographic terms, Bruce Zuckerman would attempt to squeeze blood from a stone. The photographic and comparative digital epigraphic methodologies developed by Bruce Zuckerman allowed the translation of an incredibly difficult inscription by Steve Kaufman. In photographic terms, he would attempt to squeeze blood from a stone. The content and orthography of the Incirli Stela have been detailed by Steve Kaufman and these are in accord with the stylistic features of the image of Awarikku carved on the front of the monument. The archaeological context of the Incirli Stela is to be found among the Middle Iron Age settlements and landscape. Even prior to its translation, the monument was recognizable as a new exemplar of the corpus of inscriptions carved in stone by either Syro-Hittite or Aramaean local rulers or by the local Assyrian administrators. This chapter presents some suggestions about contexts 5, 6 and 7. Keywords: Awarikku; Bruce Zuckerman; Incirli inscription; Middle Iron Age; Squeezing Blood; Steve Kaufman
Thermal modulation interface between supercritical fluid extraction and supercritical fluid chromatography

Un modulateur thermique, utilise comme interface pour le couplage extraction avec un fluide supercritique ― chromatographie a fluide supercritique, est presente et teste. Le modulateur est chauffe a l'aide d'un courant electrique
Diagnosis and Management of the Septic Joint

Pyarthrosis presenting in the ankle or smaller joints of the foot may arise from hematogenous spread of infection, contiguous bone or wound infection, or direct contamination from trauma. While isolated joint sepsis from a hematogenous source is more classically observed in the ankle, joints of the foot can be contaminated by an adjacent ulcer communicating with the joint. Early diagnosis and immediate treatment is important in minimizing potentially devastating local and systemic sequelae associated with this infectious process. Diagnostic criteria is often not absolute and relies in part on clinical suspicion of the physician. Ankle sepsis typically demands immediate intervention consisting of empiric intravenous antibiotic administration and joint lavage. While lavage can be achieved with serial arthrocentesis, we advocate for arthroscopic irrigation and debridement for ankle joint sepsis. The extent of debridement and number of subsequent procedures typically necessary is often contingent on the intraoperative appearance of joint destruction. Low-grade joint sepsis may require a single arthroscopic lavage procedure with minimal synovectomy while an advanced disease process typically necessitates multiple arthroscopic irrigations with extensive synovectomy. An inadequate response to empiric antibiotics and surgical intervention may signal concomitant pathology such as adjacent joint sepsis or osteomyelitis that is not sufficiently being addressed. Sepsis of smaller joints in the foot typically requires open irrigation and debridement often in conjunction with local amputation procedures for effective resection of the infectious nidus. Early identification and prompt intervention is crucial in effectively managing the patient with joint sepsis of the foot or ankle.
Adorno reading and writing sociology

In the context of recent attempts to more adequately engage with Adorno’s approach to sociology and social theory, this article argues that such a project requires a more complete understanding of the philosophical basis of Adorno’s critical material perspective on knowledge and language. In particular, the interpretation of Adorno within sociology has been hampered by a fundamental misunderstanding regarding his methodology of critique and composition, which prioritizes the content of Adorno’s claims regarding sociology and social theory, over their rhetorical and performative character. This character is identifiable in Adorno’s prose, and grasped through a close attention to his account of the negative dialectic. Using Bernstein’s articulation of the ‘complex concept’ as an analytical framework, and Adorno’s introduction to Durkheim as its material, the article argues that the inability to grasp the rhetorical character of Adorno’s critical interpretive approach prevents an understanding of his potenti...
Numerical simulation of fracturing naturally-fractured reservoirs

Taking account of mass exchange between macro-fracture and matrix in the micro-fracture system, the multi-medium percolation model with macro-fractures is set up. The simulator for post-frac performance of naturally-fractured formation is developed. Using the data of Tahe fractured reservoir, the effects of natural fracture, artificial fracture and macro-fracture on post-frac productivity show that the permeability of the natural fracture is one important factor affecting post-frac productivity. The decrease of artificial fracture conductivity with time has important effects on post-frac productivity. Fracturing may lead to the damage of natural fracture. The increase of the length of artificial fracture can benefit fluid flowing to the well bottom along artificial fracture. But the increase of fluid leak off may result in serious damage of natural fracture. If the permeability of natural fracture is low with poorer-connecting, it is difficult to acquire better fracturing results. The post-frac production with macro-fracture is higher than that without macro-fracture.
Mechanism of Ammonium Transport by Intestinal Segments Following Urinary Diversion: Evidence For Ionized Nh4+ Transport Via K+-Pathways

Using a previously reported in vivo intestinal perfusion model in the rat, we have shown that net total ammonium absorption accounts for the majority of the acid load resulting from urinary intestinal diversion. In the present study, by varying perfusate pH and therefore NH3 concentrations, we demonstrated that the net flux of total ammonium did not correlate with non-ionized NH3 concentrations (r = .039). This indicates that the basic mechanism of total ammonium flux is via ionized NH4+ movement. To more precisely define the transport processes involved, we manipulated this system with the following chemical and pharmacologic probes of electrolyte transport: amiloride (0.5 mM/l.), furosemide (1 mM/l.), 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (TAP) (15 mM/l.), methylprednisolone (3 mg./100 gm./B.W.) S.Q. x 3 days followed by perfusion, and barium (Ba2+) (15 mM/l.). Net solute flux was not significantly altered by the mucosal addition of amiloride or TAP. Methylprednisolone treated rats exhibited significantly diminished Na+ secretion (p less than .01) and increased Cl- absorption (p less than .05) without affecting net total ammonium flux providing evidence for the inducibility of Na+ conductance channels and against significant NH4+ movement via this pathway. The mucosal addition of furosemide resulted in significantly decreased net absorption of both total ammonium (p less than .001) and K+ (p less than .05). The addition of Ba2+ resulted in a three-fold reduction of ammonium absorption (p less than .001) and a greater than ten-fold reduction in K+ absorption (p less than .001). The observation of significant inhibition of ammonium absorption by furosemide and barium suggests that K+ transport pathways play a significant role in the intestinal transport of NH4+.
Charting a course for the future: a society at the interface.

At the outset, I want to express my gratitude to the members of the Society for electing me to this position. I am keenly aware that serving as President of the Society is a trust that few of us are privileged to receive. I deeply appreciate that honor, and I sincerely hope that my efforts during the past year have advanced the interests of all members of the Society. Second, I would like to acknowledge the personal support I have received from so many of you. That support was evident from the time I first became Chair of the Scientific Program Committee in 1984, and has continued through the present time. Third, I would like to explain why I did not begin to prepare this address by reviewing the addresses of previous Presidents.
Projectile Fragmentation and Fission

Currently the most productive methods to produce and identify new isotopes are projectile fragmentation and projectile fission. Due to the high beam energy, the fragments are forward focused and can be separated with fragment separators located at zero degree. By measuring the magnetic rigidity, velocity and energy loss, the isotopes can be identified on an event-by-event basis. The discoveries of the more than 500 isotopes discovered with this technique are described.
The Question of Relativism

Appeals to moral relativism have posed a significant challenge to the human rights construct in its brief history. Relativism has been triumphed effectively by apologists for patriarchal ideology to suggest that the rights construct (particularly as applied to women) is an inappropriate (even colonialist) intrusion into the theological integrity of religious communities, who should enjoy a human right to free religious practice. Relativists’ arguments for the superiority of their moral/ethical codes, the history and immutability of their traditions, and their source in the divine, are both powerful and effective. On these grounds governments or communities have exempted themselves from adhering to some or all rights categories. When relativist claims are made on the grounds of religion (as opposed to culture or to morals generally) the challenge is especially potent because of appeals to divine will and the force of claims to religious freedom. Relativism regarding gender is also especially potent. As shown in the previous chapter, factions within various religions argue that women are a different category of person from men and so in certain circumstances are required to have different criteria for rights enjoyment. At their worst, claims for religious relativism may further compromise women’s rights if rights discourse is employed by communities to actually substantiate instances of gender discrimination.
Universals Without Absolutes: A Theory of Media Ethics

AbstractThe global turn in media ethics has presented a tough challenge for traditional models of moral theory: How do we assert common moral standards while also showing respect for the values of those from outside the Western tradition? The danger lies in advocating for either extreme: reason-dependent absolutism or cultural relativism. In this paper, I reject Cliff Christian’s attempts to solve the problem and propose instead a moral theory of universal standards that are discovered via a mix of rationally grounded methods. Such universality refutes relativism but, because it is grounded in evolutionary naturalism and life-world philosophy—as opposed to a Kantian or theological transcendentalism—it also avoids absolutism.
Do Voters Dislike Working-Class Candidates? Voter Biases and the Descriptive Underrepresentation of the Working Class

In most democracies, lawmakers tend to be vastly better off than the citizens who elect them. Is that because voters prefer more affluent politicians over leaders from working-class backgrounds? In this article, we report the results of candidate choice experiments embedded in surveys in Britain, the United States, and Argentina. Using conjoint designs, we asked voters in these different contexts to choose between two hypothetical candidates, randomly varying several of the candidates’ personal characteristics, including whether they had worked in blue-collar or white-collar jobs. Contrary to the idea that voters prefer affluent politicians, the voters in our experiments viewed hypothetical candidates from the working class as equally qualified, more relatable, and just as likely to get their votes. Voters do not seem to be behind the shortage of working-class politicians. To the contrary, British, American, and Argentine voters seem perfectly willing to cast their ballots for working-class candidates.
Hansl: a DSL for econometrics

This paper describes hansl, a language specifically tailored to the domain of econometrics. We outline certain features of econometrics and explain how these features mandate, or at least make highly desirable, a form of language which incorporates some quite specific data structures and syntactical constructions.
Systematic model of peripheral inflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Objective: To investigate inflammatory processes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) with network models. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of serum samples from 45 participants with aSAH analyzed at multiple predetermined time points: Results: Network models revealed that systematic inflammatory activity peaks at 24 to 48 hours after the bleed. Individual cytokine levels changed significantly over time, exhibiting increasing, decreasing, and peaking trends. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA, PDGF-AB/BB, soluble CD40 ligand, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) increased over time. Colony-stimulating factor (CSF) 3, interleukin (IL)-13, and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand decreased over time. IL-6, IL-5, and IL-15 peaked and decreased. Some cytokines with insignificant trends show high correlations with other cytokines and vice versa. Many correlated cytokine clusters, including a platelet-derived factor cluster and an endothelial growth factor cluster, were observed at all times. Participants with higher clinical severity at admission had elevated levels of several proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, CCL2, CCL11, CSF3, IL-8, IL-10, CX3CL1, and TNF-α, compared to those with lower clinical severity. Conclusions: Combining reductionist and systematic techniques may lead to a better understanding of the underlying complexities of the inflammatory reaction after aSAH.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of ternary lanthanide(2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone)3(triphenylphosphine oxide)2 complexes

Abstract We report here the fast synthesis by microwave assisted technique of four ternary Ln(TTA)3(TPPO)2 complexes, where Ln = La(III), Eu(III), Tb(III) and Tm(III), TTA = 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone, and TPPO = triphenylphosphine oxide, which are of interest in luminescence applications. Using this method, the reaction time was decreased to one minute with minimal purification step and the yields are comparable to literature values. The target complexes were characterized using 1H, 13C, 19F, 31P NMR and FTIR spectroscopy, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Further, we discuss here a hitherto unreported extensive network of hydrogen bonding interactions present in these complexes.
CyberKnife for Treatment of Vestibular Schwannoma: A Meta-analysis:

Objectives (1) Perform a meta-analysis of the available data on the outcomes of CyberKnife radiosurgery for treatment of vestibular schwannomas (VSs) in the published English-language literature and (2) evaluate the collective outcomes of CyberKnife treatment with respect to tumor control and hearing preservation. Data Sources A thorough literature search of published English-language articles was performed in the PubMed, Ovid, and Cochrane databases. Review Methods A database search was conducted with the keywords "CyberKnife" and "vestibular schwannoma" or "acoustic neuroma." A total of 25 papers were found and reviewed. Data were extracted for patient demographics, number of patients with neurofibromatosis type 2, pretreatment hearing status, tumor size, margin dose, and follow-up duration. The primary outcome variables evaluated were tumor control and hearing preservation. Results After careful review of the published articles, 11 papers reported data on outcomes of CyberKnife treatment for VS and were included in the analysis, comprising 800 patients studied during 1998 to 2012. The reported mean tumor volume ranged from 0.02 to 19.8 cm3, and the follow-up duration ranged from 6 to 120 months. Margin dose varied from 14 to 25 Gy. The collective mean tumor control rate was 96.3% (95% CI: 94.0%-98.5%). The collective hearing preservation rate was 79.1% (95% CI: 71.0%-87.3%) in 427 patients with measurable hearing. Conclusion Clinical data on outcomes of CyberKnife radiosurgery for treatment of VSs are sparse and primarily limited to single-institution analyses, with considerable variation in tumor volume and follow-up time. This meta-analysis not only provides an in-depth analysis of available data in the literature but also reviews reported outcomes and complications.
Stereotype Accuracy: Toward Appreciating Group Differences.

This volume presents research related to stereotype accuracy, arguing that understanding stereotype accuracy is crucial to both social psychology and its applications, such as improving intergroup relations. The first chapter traces the history of stereotypes and includes definitions.
Space-Object Charging and Its Effect on Orbit Evolution

With the increasing number of uncontrolled objects in the space environment surrounding Earth, it has become important to keep track of the orbits of these objects so as to avoid collisions with ac...
Mother With Diabetes Mellitus and Infant With Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: Milrinone Precluded Need for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

A female infant was born at 38 weeks to a mother with gestational diabetes mellitus (Hemoglobin A1c 6.7%) via an elective C-section for fetal macrosomia (birth weight 5560 g; >99.9%). The prenatal ultrasound was only significant for a large for gestational age fetus without any structural cardiac anomalies. Within the first 2 hours, the infant developed hypoglycemia and required respiratory support (nasal cannula) for respiratory distress and hypoxemia. Neonatal hyperinsulinemia (297 uIU/mL [1.9–23 uIU/mL]) confirmed maternal gestational diabetes mellitus as the cause of the hypoglycemia (growth hormone and cortisol levels were normal for age). The infant was electively intubated for worsening respiratory status. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed severe biventricular hypertrophy, especially the interventricular septum (1.2 cm at the end of systole; z score=4.55) causing left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction with a gradient of 22 mm Hg (Figure 1; Movies I and II in the Data Supplement). The left ventricular cavity size was remarkably diminished. A color Doppler showed a …
Capnographic identification of end-expiratory flow limitation.

Abstract Patients with end-expiratory flow limitation (eEFL) demonstrate a terminal rise in capnography slope. The high slope could represent phase 5, a phenomenon described for single breath N2 tests but previously unreported during capnography. This study evaluated 6 healthy subjects exhaling from total lung capacity to residual volume at several set constant rates. We measured the volumes of flow limitation (VFL) and phase 5 (VP5) for CO2 and N2. A distinct phase 5 occurred shortly after eEFL for both gases. Increased expiratory flow rate resulted in parallel increases in VFL and VP5. The two quantities differed on average by the volume of dead space. These data suggest that phase 5 on capnography identifies eEFL with a small delay resulting from transit of expired gas through dead space. Following phase 5 by volumetric capnography could be useful for monitoring anesthetized patients, who in some circumstances may have lung volumes close to residual volume. eEFL could be treated with lung volume-increasing maneuvers, such as positive end-expiratory pressure.
Integration of electro-textile RF coil array with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system: Design strategies and characterization methods

Radio Frequency (RF) coils are used to receive the magnetic RF signal from the human body during MRI scanning. In this paper, electro-textile will be used to design MRI RF coil array. The coil array incorporating the transmission decoupling circuitry are tuned together with the loading phantom. The S 11 = − 30dB and S 21 = −16dB at exactly the required resonant frequency of 127.7 MHz by 3T MRI scanners are achieved. The measured quality factor is related to the relative SNR to predict of electro-textile RF coil SNR performance. A microstrip line method is used to measure the effective conductivity of the electro-textile patterns. It is studied that electro-textile coils whose effective conductivity are two orders of magnitude lower than the copper can still achieve the SNR of around 50% of the copper coil. The RF coil array is made with non-magnetic components and is integrated with pre-amplifier interface for the final integration with MRI systems.
Sperm Competition and the Evolution of Human Sexuality

Sperm competition occurs when a female copulates with two or more males within a sufficiently brief time period, resulting in sperm of the different males competing to fertilize ova. Sperm competition has been documented or inferred to occur across several species. We review the evidence for sperm competition in humans. Specifically, we review literature indicating apparently convergent adaptations to sperm competition in humans and nonhumans. We discuss future research directions and conclude that the research that documents anatomical, biological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations to human sperm competition provides compelling evidence that sperm competition has been a recurrent feature of human evolutionary history.
Prescription Drug and Pharmaceutical Policy

Prescription drugs are an important component of modern medicine that provide significant benefit to patients. Although prescription drugs represent only 10 % of health-care spending, they represent a majority of out-of-pocket health-care costs for many families. This chapter is a primer for medical trainees that highlights the ways in which drugs are developed, approved, and paid for in the USA. The chapter examines the role of insurance companies, pharmacy benefits managers, and patients in paying for drugs as well as the important differences between brand and generic medications. Selected policy issues covered include off-label prescribing, conflicts of interest, prescription drug abuse, medication adherence, and regulation of biologics and biosimilars.
Fracture Risk in Men With Congestive Heart Failure: Risk Reduction With Spironolactone

Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine whether spironolactone use is associated with fractures in men with congestive heart failure (CHF). Background In rats with aldosteronism, spironolactone preserves skeletal strength. However, in humans, the relationship of spironolactone to fractures is not known. Methods The medical records of all male patients with CHF from 1999 to 2005 treated at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, were reviewed (n = 4,735). Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals of having a fracture associated with spironolactone use were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Results We identified 167 cases with a single-incident fracture and matched these by age and race to 668 control subjects without fractures. After adjustment for covariates, spironolactone use was inversely associated with total fracture (odds ratio: 0.575; 95% confidence interval: 0.346 to 0.955, p = 0.0324). Conclusions The use of spironolactone is inversely associated with fractures in men with CHF.
Object and Symbol in Technology Adoption

This research in progress proposes an approach to technology adoption that focuses on technology as sign and symbol. Drawing from social theory and consumer behavior literature, we initiate a qualitative study that uses both subject narrative and a visual interpretation of the subject (through photographs of the subject and their technology) to identify how each subject’s social environment builds his or her understanding of the object and its attractiveness. The study is a two-phase project. Phase I involves both a large-scale collection of subject narratives about their technologies and an interpretation of subject images. Phase II involves an interpretation of the results from a series of personal face-to-face interviews of subjects in public venues. The results from these two phases of data collection and analysis will be presented and discussed at the conference.
Management of the Urological Patient Taking Anticoagulant or Antiplatelet Medication

Degenerative cardiovascular disease is associated with increasing age and represents the number one cause of mortality in the Western world. The urological patient population, consisting of a high percentage of elderly patients, makes concurrent cardiovascular disease a common finding. Atrial fibrillation, coronary stenting or mechanical heart valves frequently require some form of anticoagulation therapy and are commonly encountered. It is imperative for the anesthesiologist to be aware of the patient’s past medical history and have a thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of anticoagulant medications, especially since many urological procedures are performed using regional techniques. The risk of discontinuing these medications must be carefully weighed against the benefit of neuraxial anesthesia. Consequently, the decision to continue or withhold these medications must be made in a team approach involving the anesthesiologist, cardiologist and urologist. This chapter will discuss common medical conditions requiring anticoagulation and describe the agents used.
Abstract #3667: A novel folate receptor-targeted nanoparticle minimizes drug resistance in a human cancer model

A major clinical obstacle in cancer therapy is the development of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Intrinsic or acquired drug resistance occurs frequently in most cancers. Many strategies are being developed towards overcoming such drug resistance. Among them, application of nanotechnology has shown promise in the development of novel drug delivery approaches to overcome drug resistance by targeting tumor tissue, tumor cells, or compartments within tumor cells. We synthesized a targeted nanoparticle composed of heparin-folate-paclitaxel (HFT) conjugates and loaded with paclitaxel in its hydrophobic core (HFT-T). In vitro cytotoxicity of the HFT-T nanoparticle was assessed in a resistant human squamous cancer cell line KB-8-5 (10-fold more resistant to paclitaxel than the parental sensitive cell line KB-3-1). The targeted nanoparticle HFT-T was more effective in inhibiting cell growth when compared with the non-targeted nanoparticle (HT-T). To test the in vivo efficacy of HFT-T particles, nude mice bearing subcutaneous human KB-8-5 tumors were randomly divided into four groups (n=8 per group), and treated with HFT-T, free paclitaxel, HT-T or PBS (control). The drugs (at a dose of 40 mg/kg paclitaxel equivalent) were administrated via tail vein every four days for 3 weeks (4 injections in total). At the end of the experiment, the HFT-T-treated group showed the smallest tumor sizes (average tumor volume of 785.5±104.1 mm 3 ) when compared with other treated mice or controls (average tumor volumes in free paclitaxel, HT-T-treated, and control groups were 1422.9 ± 216.1 mm 3 , 1301.2 ± 213.9 mm 3 , 2061.7± 416.1, respectively). Compared with free paclitaxel and non-targeted nanoparticle HT-T treated groups, HFT-T treatment significantly reduced tumor size (paclitaxel vs. HFT-T p=0.0155, HT-T vs. HFT-T p=0.0381). Also, compared with the control group, only HFT-T treatment significantly reduced tumor size (p=0.0075). Furthermore, the effect of HFT-T on microtubule organization and apoptosis in tumor will be studied. In conclusion, this study provides a novel strategy using a targeted nanoparticle as a drug delivery system to minimize drug resistance in human cancers. (Supported by NCI P50 CA128613 and U54CA119338-04) Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 3667.
Client perceptions of dietetic students and registered dietitians at a university-based nutrition clinic.

Client perceptions of students enrolled in a nutrition counseling practicum were compared with client perceptions of those students’ clinical instructors, who were registered dietitians. One hundred forty-two clients who had either a student (no. = 81) or a dietitian (no. = 61) as primary counselor completed a postcard evaluation or a telephone interview. Students were rated significantly more positively (p
Mysticetes to MiniConference to Manuscripts: Introduction to Thematic Issue on Mysticete Anatomy

This issue of the Anatomical Record is focused on the theme of Mysticete Anatomy. There are six included articles that explore the anatomy of the nasal region (Marquez et al., 2018; Maust-Mohl et al., 2018), larynx (Damien et al., 2018), lungs (Fetherston et al., 2018), sublingual fascia (Werth et al., 2018), and brain (Raghanti et al., 2018). These papers document anatomical features exhibited by mysticetes (baleen whales) and their related cousins (including other whales, and the semiaquatic moose and hippopotamus). This theme stems from a 2-day MiniConference on Mysticete Anatomy, hosted at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City on May 2016. Anatomy is explored in the contexts of function and evolution of aquatic adaptations. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 302:663-666, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Los sonidos del espanol: Spanish Language Edition

This accessible textbook provides a clear introduction to the sounds of Spanish. Assuming no prior knowledge of linguistics, it explains from scratch the fundamentals of phonetics (the study of speech sounds) and phonology (the study of sound systems) and describes in detail the phonetic and phonological characteristics of Spanish as it is spoken in both Spain and Latin America. Topics covered include consonants, vowels, acoustics, stress, syllables, intonation, and aspects of variation within Spanish. Clear comparisons are made between the sounds of Spanish and those of English, and students are encouraged to put theory into practice with over fifty graded exercises. Los sonidos del espanol will help students gain a solid understanding of the sound system of Spanish and will also be useful to scholars in phonetics and phonology. All the sounds described in this book are demonstrated in the online audio sound files which accompany this book.
Bayesian Analysis and Model Revision for Kã¢Â¬Â

mass 1 concentrated on the true process, provided that the prior probability measurehas full support and the true process is irreducible. Second, I extend this result to thecase in which k is unbounded (but finite), which requires that the Bayesian decisionmaker(DM) construct a prior on an infinite-dimensional parameter space. Finally, inan alternative approach to this case, I suppose that the DM considers a succession ofmodels corresponding to larger and larger values of k. Each time the DM revises hismodel he extends his prior probability measure to the new - and larger - parameterspace in a way that is "consistent" with the previous prior, and recomputes his posteriorprobability measures. I show that, roughly speaking, if the DM does not revisehis model A¢Â¬ÂStoo frequently,A¢Â¬Â? then he will be increasingly confident that the currentposterior is increasingly concentrated on the true process. I motivate the procedureof model revision by considerations of bounded rationality.
Identification of a Selective Small Molecule Inhibitor of Breast Cancer Stem Cells.

A class of acyl hydrazones is identified by a high-throughput screen (HTS) to be selectively lethal to breast cancer stem cell (CSC) enriched populations.
Home-Grown Toys: The Learning Pillows.

Article describes a tactile toy for visually impaired children. The “learning pillow” combines a written text (story or poem) with a page-size pillow having tactile images related to the text. Expl...
Towards a Modular Brain-Machine Interface for Intelligent Vehicle Systems Control – A CARLA Demonstration

Objective: Individuals with paralysis often have mobility and dexterity impairments that limit their ability to operate motor vehicle controls. Integrating brain-machine interface (BMI) neurotechnology with vehicle control systems (VCS) provides a novel solution to this problem. In this proof-of-concept study, we show that an intracortical BMI developed to restore voluntary grasp can be repurposed to decode motor intention for vehicle velocity and steering control. Methods: The BMI-VCS consists of four components: 1) implanted motor cortex microelectrode array and NeuroPort data acquisition system, 2) machine learning workstation, 3) Python interface to generate control signals, and 4) vehicle control system. Results: Direct cortical steering and velocity control were achieved through accurate decoding of movement intention (supination, pronation, hand open, hand close) from the participant’s motor cortex, translating intention into vehicle commands (turn right, turn left, accelerate, decelerate, respectively), and dynamically switching between commands to turn corners, start and stop, shift from forward to reverse, and parallel park. Conclusion: By translating BMI decoder outputs into high-level vehicle commands, a participant with tetraparesis from C5 ASIA A spinal cord injury successfully navigated CARLA driving simulator courses in real time. These decoder outputs could also be used offline for shared control of a scale model car. Significance: High-level, shared vehicle control with BMI-VCS offers an innovative way to return independent driving abilities to those with disability. BMI systems that can control multiple end-effectors may be particularly useful to those with paralysis.
Effects of Stockholding Policy on Maize Prices: Evidence from Zambia

Many countries in the developing world use public stockholding programs to stabilize prices for both farmers and consumers. Governments directly purchase and store staple grains, and then sell them to processors or consumers, often at heavily subsidized prices. Despite the substantial costs of these stockholding programs, little is known about their effectiveness in mitigating retail price swings. This paper estimates the effects of purchase and sales activities of the Zambian Food Reserve Agency (FRA) on monthly maize market prices across more than thirty markets in Zambia from 2003 to 2008. To deal with the endogeneity in purchases and sales, we use predicted FRA purchase and sales targets as instrumental variables. Controlling for other policies, we find evidence that FRA activities stabilize retail prices in major district markets within the cropping year. Results show that FRA purchases raise local prices for surplus maize producers about 5 % on average at the time of harvest, and that FRA sales help lower the prices to consumers during the lean season up to 7 %. However, we find limited evidence that the FRA is able to reduce price volatility between years.
Fixed-Bearing Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty in Patients Younger Than 55 Years of Age at 4-19 Years of Follow-Up: A Concise Follow-Up of a Previous Report.

Abstract Background Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an effective alternative to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in isolated unicompartmental disease; however, mid-term to long-term results in young patients are unknown. The purpose of this study is to determine the mid-term outcomes of fixed-bearing medial UKA in patients less than 55 years of age. Methods Seventy-seven fixed-bearing medial UKAs in patients less than 55 years of age (mean 49.9, range 38-55) from a previously published report were retrospectively reviewed at a mean follow-up of 11.2 years (range 4.1-19.2). Results Eleven knees were converted to TKA (14.3%) at 0.7-13.8 years postoperatively. The indications for revision included 7 for unexplained pain (9.1%), 2 for grade 4 arthritic progression (1 isolated lateral and 1 lateral and patellofemoral compartments; 2.6%), 1 for polyethylene wear (1.3%), and 1 for femoral component loosening (1.3%). Predicted survivorship free from component revision was 90.4% (95% confidence interval 86.9-93.9) at 10 years and 75.1% (95% confidence interval 66.2-84.0) at 19 years. The mean Knee Society Score improved from a mean of 51.9-88.6 points (P Conclusion Fixed-bearing medial UKA is a durable option for young patients with unicompartmental arthritis, with good clinical outcomes at mid-term follow-up. Unexplained pain was the most common reason for revision to TKA.
Impurity Entropy for the Two-Channel Kondo Model

In this paper the entropy of the two-channel Kondo impurity is calculated. We demonstrate that the exactly solvable system of finite size can be described in terms of free fermions. None of these fermions is Majorana fermion. This allows us to find the impurity entropy S(T, L) for arbitrary values of T and L. As found before, S(T = 0, L = ∞) equals to (1/2) ln 2. For finite L the entropy shows a cross-over to the infinite-size behavior at T > TL= vF/L, in agreement with results of other researchers.
Machine learning for energy projections

Energy scenarios project future possibilities based on a variety of assumptions, yet do not fully account for inherent friction in the energy transition, particularly over the near term. A new study shows how machine learning can complement existing scenario tools by incorporating lessons from the past into projections for the future.
Estados Unidos - Medidas adoptadas sobre las Importaciones de Acero y Aluminio conforme a la Sección 232 de su Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (Caso de Estudio) (United States – Measures Adopted on Steel and Aluminum Imports Pursuant to Section 232 Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (Study Case))

Spanish Abstract: Este caso de estudio describe y discute las principales caracteristicas e implicaciones de las medidas restrictivas del comercio recientemente aplicadas por Estados Unidos al amparo de las excepciones de seguridad contenidas en su legislacion de comercio internacional. A tales efectos, tras describir los elementos de contexto del caso en la introduccion, el documento analiza 1) las medidas adoptadas, su diseno y alcance; discute la 2) naturaleza juridica y caracteristicas de las normas de la Seccion 232; revisa la 3) legalidad de las medidas; examina los 4) desarrollos recientes relativos al caso y formula las principales 5) conclusiones sobre el caso. English Abstract: This study case describes and discusses the main features and implications of the trade restrictive measures recently adopted by the United States when invoking security exceptions as enshrined in its international trade legislation. To that end, upon the description of this case’s context elements in its introductory part, this paper further analyzes 1) the measures at issue, their design and scope; discusses the 2) legal nature and main characteristics of the 232 Section provisions; assesses the 3) lawfulness of the measures; reviews the 4) recent case-related developments and draws the relevant 5) conclusions.
On the Spatio-Temporo-Rhythmic Mapping of the Task-Associated Brain Functional Networks

We propose a hierarchical framework for probing the functional networks most associated with a given task, through electroencephalography (EEG). The framework identifies the functional networks spatially: localizing them in the cortex, temporally: estimating the likelihood of their occurrence at each instant during the observed interval, and rhythmically: by associating their activities to the distinct, well-known EEG sub-bands. The degree of association, of the different components constituting these functional networks, with the considered task, is evaluated through the simultaneity and consistency of the identified functional connectivity relationships. The framework is applied to experimental motor execution/imagery data, and the results are discussed.
Adapt2Learn: A Toolkit for Configuring the Learning Algorithm for Adaptive Physical Tools for Motor-Skill Learning

A recent study on motor-skill training showed that adaptive training tools that use shape-change to adapt the training difficulty based on learners’ performance can lead to higher learning gains. However, to date, no support tools exist to help designers create adaptive learning tools. Our formative study shows that developing the adaptive learning algorithm poses a particular challenge. To address this, we built Adapt2Learn, a toolkit that auto-generates the learning algorithm for adaptive tools. Designers choose their tool’s sensors and actuators, Adapt2Learn then configures the learning algorithm and generates a microcontroller script that designers can deploy on the tool. Once uploaded, the script assesses the learner’s performance via the sensors, computes the training difficulty, and actuates the tool to adapt the difficulty. Adapt2Learn’s visualization tool then lets designers visualize their tool’s adaptation and evaluate the learning algorithm. To validate that Adapt2Learn can generate adaptation algorithms for different tools, we built several application examples that demonstrate successful deployment.
Modeling and simulation of energy-related human-building interaction: A systematic review

Abstract Building energy use is highly sensitive to its occupants' energy-related behavior, including their presence and interaction with different building systems. The modeling and simulation of energy-related human-building interaction play an essential role in predicting the actual energy use of a building's operation. The present study provides a systematic review of the existing literature focusing on energy-related human-building interaction modeling and simulation tools and techniques to determine the significant findings, current limitations, and future research directions in this area. The main contribution of this study is to provide a state-of-art framework of the inputs and outputs used for modeling and simulation of occupants' energy-use behavior. A list of 95 articles, containing journal papers and conference proceedings published in the last 15 years, is collected and analyzed based on various parameters such as modeling purpose, building type application, occupant-related parameters, occupant-related data source, occupant related data duration, modeling method and techniques, simulation and programming software, simulation time-step, and modeling and simulation output. In addition, a word mining analysis has been employed to generate a bibliographical map of the reviewed articles based on the most repetitive keywords and their connections. Finally, the most efficient and practical techniques in the modeling and simulation of energy-related human-building interaction and future research direction are presented.
Using Social Media to Recruit Participants for Scholarly Research: Lessons from African Female Immigrants in the United States

Social scientists are increasingly using social media to conduct research and to recruit subjects for research studies. Prior research seems to suggest that using social media is particularly helpf...
VTOL controls for shipboard operations

Piloted, moving-base simulations have been performed in the evaluation of several VTOL control system concepts during landings on a destroyer in adverse weather conditions. All the systems incorporated attitude control augmentation; most systems incorporated various types of translational control augmentation implemented either through aircraft attitude or, more directly, through the propulsion system (thrust magnitude and deflection). Only one of the control systems failed to provide satisfactory handling qualities in calm seas. Acceptable handling qualities in sea state 6 seem to require a system with control augmentation in all translational degrees of freedom.