cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bonding in silicates; investigation of the Si L (sub 2,3) edge by parallel electron energy-loss spectroscopy

The Si L2,3 core-loss edge can be used to probe the crystal chemistry around Si, providing information on the s- and d-like partial density of unoccupied states of the Si-O bonds. We present Si L 2,3 edges from 59 silicates, glasses, and amorphous materials acquired by parallel electron energy-loss spectroscopy (PEELS) with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) at an energy resolution of 0.7 eV. The Si L 2,3 edge spectrum of α-quartz is interpreted using the results of a recent pseudopotential band-structure calculation. A combination of Si s- and d-like partial density of states derived from this calculation resembles the Si L2,3 energy-loss near-edge structure (ELNES) of α-quartz. The Si L2,3 ELNES of the silicates are interpreted using the results of the band-structure calculation of α-quartz. The Si L2,3 edges of Q 4 , Q 3 , Q 2 , some Q 1 silicates, and amorphous materials have ELNES similar to that of α-quartz, and the Q 0 and some Q 1 silicates have ELNES different from that of α-quartz. A “coordination fingerprint” is defined for Q 4 , Q 3 , and Q 2 Si L2,3 ELNES because of their similarity to the α-quartz spectrum. The similarities between the L2,3 core-loss edge shapes of the third-row XO 4 n‐ (X = Al, Si, S, and P) series attests to a common molecular‐orbital picture of their bonding. For Q 0 and some Q 1 spectra a “structure fingerprint” is defined because the Si L2,3-edge shapes are indicative of the number, distribution, and nature of the non-nearestneighbor atoms. Spectra of olivine glasses and metamict zircon more closely resemble the α-quartz spectrum than their crystalline analogs. In contrast to previous studies, we show that distortion of the SiO 4 tetrahedron is of secondary importance as an ELNES-modifying parameter. Polyhedral distortions become less important with increase in polymerization. There is a positive linear correlation between the energies of the Si L 2,3-edge onsets and polymerization, Si 2p and 2s binding energies, and the
Renal Stem Cells and the Lineage of the Nephron

Regulation of the volume and composition of body fluids in multicellular organisms is mediated by at least 14 distinct transporting renal cell types. These heterogeneous epithelial cell types are not randomly distributed throughout the kidney, but are organized into identical functional units called uriniferous tubules. Each uriniferous tubule contains all renal epithelial cell types, and for the purposes of this review, the segmental organization of the uriniferous tubule will be described according to anatomical conventions (1). That is, the uriniferous tubule is composed of a long convoluted portion, the nephron (glomerulus through distal convoluted tubule), and the collecting tubule system (Figure l a). The complex architecture of the uriniferous tubule is a requisite for normal renal function. Renal morphogenesis must be tightly regulated during development so that the correct renal cell type comes to reside in its appropriate nephron segment, and each segment of all uriniferous tubules align to form the gross anatomical compartments of the organ. The metanephric kidney develops from an embryonic rudiment composed of two tissue layers, the epithelial ureteric bud and the mesenchyme of the metanephric blastema (Figure Ib). These two embryonic primordia give rise to separate parts of the uriniferous tubule. The ureteric bud, a caudal outgrowth of the Wolffian duct, forms the collecting tubule system by undergoing branching morphogenesis (32). Grobstein, in his classic exper-
The Meaning of Arrows: Diagrams and Other Facets in System Sciences Literature

Understanding the use of diagrams and other components of scholarly systems-related papers may inform us about the papers, the field, and the way we think. We analyze 495 papers containing 1899 figures in a system sciences conference proceedings. We code the diagrams into genres. We find that well-specified diagram types occur less than vaguely specified diagram types. Table types, diagram types, and equations in papers appear to correlate to non-topical aspects of the paper such as the research method used. We relate this idea to current ideas about facets and genre. The work has implications for automated document searching; the practical implication for authors is that more explicit consideration of diagram types might both clarify thinking and make later searching by other researchers easier. The implication for publishers is that collecting component information, and presenting thumbnails, may enhance search.
Correcting Sensor Drift and Intermittency Faults With Data Fusion and Automated Learning

Many fault detection algorithms deal with fault signatures that manifest themselves as step changes. While detection of these step changes can be difficult due to noise and other complicating factors, detecting slowly developing faults is usually even more complicated. Tradeoffs between early detection and false positive avoidance are more difficult to establish. Often times, slow drift faults go completely undetected because the monitoring systems assume that they are ordinary system changes and some monitoring schemes may adapt to the changes. Where redundant sensors are used, a drifting sensor may cause the logic to latch on to the ldquobadrdquo sensor. Another problem may be intermittent sensors faults where the detection logic is too sluggish to recognize a problem before the sensor has returned to seemingly normal behavior. To address these classes of problems, we introduce here a set of algorithms that learns to avoid the bad sensor, thus indirectly recognizing the aberrant sensor. We combine advanced sensor validation techniques with learning. The sensor validation is inspired by fuzzy principles. The parameters of this algorithm are learned using competing optimization approaches. We compare the results from a particle swarm optimization approach with those obtained from genetic algorithms. Results are shown for an application in the transportation industry.
Percutaneous lumbar intrathecal catheter for the administration of chemotherapy

We present a patient with Burkitt's lymphoma in whom the initial diagnostic lumbar puncture was difficult due to a recent lumbar laminectomy and residual spinal cord tumor. According to our current protocol, he was to receive intrathecal chemotherapy for three consecutive days. To avoid the need for repeated attempts at lumbar puncture and to ensure the proper instillation of therapy, a percutaneous IT catheter was placed for 48 hours and the three doses of IT chemotherapy were administered through this catheter. Due to the importance of IT chemotherapy, options must be available to deliver these medications when technical or anatomic abnormalities exist. One such option is the short term placement of a percutaneous IT catheter.
Intestinal alkaline phosphatase prevents the systemic inflammatory response associated with necrotizing enterocolitis

Abstract Background Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common surgical emergency in neonates, with an incidence of 0.5–2.4 cases per 1000 live births and a mortality rate between 10% and 50%. Neonates affected by NEC develop a septic injury that is associated with increased risk of neurological impairment due to intraventricular bleeding and chronic lung disease. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) is an endogenous protein that has been shown to inactivate the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and has recently been used successfully as an adjunct to treat sepsis in adult patients. We tested the hypothesis that systemic, exogenous IAP will mitigate the inflammatory response as measured by serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines in a rat model of NEC. Methods Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups. Control pups were dam fed. NEC was induced by feeding formula containing LPS and exposure to intermittent hypoxia. NEC pups were given intraperitoneal injections of 4 or 40 glycine units (U) of IAP or placebo twice daily. Intestine and serum was collected for cytokine analysis as well as measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity. Results Systemic IAP administration significantly increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. The proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, and interleukin 1β were significantly increased in NEC rats versus controls on days 2 and 3. Importantly, treatment with 40 U systemic IAP decreased these proinflammatory cytokines back to near-control levels. Conclusions Systemic IAP administration appears effective in mitigating the systemic inflammatory response associated with NEC, and may prove to be a valuable adjunctive treatment for NEC.
Cratonic weak zone in the U.S. continental interior: The Dakota-Carolina corridor

Many notable structural and geophysical features are found in a northwest- trending band that extends from South Dakota to South Carolina. This band, herein termed the Dakota-Carolina corridor, is delineated by the location of folds, faults, and igneous intrusions; the termination or offset of rift axes; the localization of Mississippi Valley-type ore deposits; patterns of geophysical anomalies and of contemporary seismicity; a change in seismic reflectivity of the upper crust; and a change in basement rock composition. We expand on earlier models and propose that the corridor reflects a Cratonic weak zone in North America, which possibly originated in the Precambrian as the boundary between distinct crustal provinces. Reactivation of the corridor during the Phanerozoic localized subsequent deformation and fluid flow, perhaps even in the Appalachian orogen.
Patterns Transform Architectures

Software patterns have been used to guide developers and to disseminate expert knowledge. But patterns can also be thought of as program transformations. Security patterns are architectural. Therefore, program transformations derived from those patterns transform architecture. This paper describes how we used a catalog of security patterns to produce a catalog of security-oriented program transformations. These transformations can be used to make architectural changes that make systems more secure. This paper is a first example of applying patterns to actively transform architectures.
Consumer Use of St. John's Wort: A Survey on Effectiveness, Safety, and Tolerability

Despite its poorly described pharmacology, effectiveness, and safety, use of St. John's wort (SJW) is largely unsupervised and unexplored, and can potentially lead to adverse outcomes. We conducted a telephone survey of 43 subjects who had taken SJW to assess demographics, psychiatric and medical conditions, dosage, duration of use, reason for use, side effects, concomitant drugs, professional consultation, effectiveness, relapse, and withdrawal effects. Most subjects reported taking SJW for depression, and 74% did not seek medical advice. Mean dosage was 475.6+/-360 mg/day (range 300-1200 mg/day) and mean duration of therapy was 7.3+/-10.1 weeks (range 1 day-5 yrs). Among 36 (84%) reporting improvement, 18 (50%) had a psychiatric diagnosis. Twenty (47%) reported side effects, resulting in discontinuation in five (12%) and one emergency room visit. Two consumers experienced symptoms of serotonin syndrome and three reported food-drug interactions. Thirteen consumers experienced withdrawal symptoms and two had a depressive relapse. These data suggest the need for greater consumer and provider awareness of the potential risks of SJW in self-care of depression and related syndromes.
Evaluating options for Balancing the Water-Electricity Nexus in California: Part 1 - Securing Water Availability

The technical potential and effectiveness of different water supply options for securing water availability in a large-scale, interconnected water supply system under historical and climate-change augmented inflow and demand conditions were compared. Part 1 of the study focused on determining the scale of the options required to secure water availability and compared the effectiveness of different options. A spatially and temporally resolved model of California's major surface reservoirs was developed, and its sensitivity to urban water conservation, desalination, and water reuse was examined. Potential capacities of the different options were determined. Under historical (baseline) hydrology conditions, many individual options were found to be capable of securing water availability alone. Under climate change augment conditions, a portfolio approach was necessary. The water savings from many individual options other than desalination were insufficient in the latter, however, relying on seawater desalination alone requires extreme capacity installations which have energy, brine disposal, management, and cost implications. The importance of identifying and utilizing points of leverage in the system for choosing where to deploy different options is also demonstrated.
The Puzzle of Absolute Pitch

Absolute pitch—the ability to name or produce a note of particular pitch in the absence of a reference note—is generally considered to be extremely rare. However, it has been found that native speakers of two different tone languages—Mandarin and Vietnamese—display a remarkably precise form of absolute pitch in enunciating words. Given these findings, it is proposed that absolute pitch may have evolved as a feature of speech, analogous to other features such as vowel quality. It is also conjectured that tone–language speakers generally acquire this feature during the 1st year of life, in the critical period when infants acquire other features of their native language. For speakers of nontone languages, the acquisition of absolute pitch by rare individuals may be associated with a critical period of unusually long duration, so that it extends to the age at which the child can begin taking music lessons. According to this line of reasoning, the potential for acquiring absolute pitch is universal at birth, a...
Landau analysis of the symmetry of the magnetic structure and magnetoelectric interaction in multiferroics

This paper presents a detailed instruction manual for constructing the Landau expansion for magnetoelectric coupling in incommensurate ferroelectric magnets, including ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{3}{\mathrm{V}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8}$, $\mathrm{Tb}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, $\mathrm{Mn}\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, $\mathrm{Tb}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$, $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$, $\mathrm{Cu}\mathrm{Fe}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, and $\mathrm{Rb}\mathrm{Fe}{(\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{O}}_{4})}_{2}$. The first step is to describe the magnetic ordering in terms of symmetry adapted coordinates which serve as complex-valued magnetic order parameters whose transformation properties are displayed. In so doing, we use the previously proposed technique to exploit inversion symmetry, since this symmetry has seemingly been universally overlooked. Inversion symmetry severely reduces the number of fitting parameters needed to describe the spin structure, usually by fixing the relative phases of the complex fitting parameters. By introducing order parameters of known symmetry to describe the magnetic ordering, we are able to construct the trilinear magnetoelectric interaction which couples incommensurate magnetic order to the uniform polarization, and thereby we treat many of the multiferroic systems so far investigated. In most cases, the symmetry of the magnetoelectric interaction determines the direction of the magnetically induced spontaneous polarization. We use the Landau description of the magnetoelectric phase transition to discuss the qualitative behavior of various susceptibilities near the phase transition. The consequences of symmetry for optical properties such as polarization induced mixing of Raman and infrared phonons and electromagnons are analyzed. The implication of this theory for microscopic models is discussed.
Respiration and Osmoregulation

The energy obtained through nutrition is never used with 100% efficiency by a living system. Similarly, not all of the carbon ingested is retained to synthesize living substance. Energy loss through heat and carbon loss as CO2 during respiration contribute to the inefficiency of the system. Additional quantities of organic matter are also lost through excretion. The remaining useful energy is used to drive the numerous processes of life including biosynthesis of protoplasmic components, motility, and the maintenance of a balanced physiological state relative to changes in the natural environment. Some fundamental principles of energy physiology and osmoregulation (the maintenance of osmotic balance) are considered in this chapter.
The Library Innovation Toolkit: Ideas, Strategies, and Programs

The article is a review of the book The Library Innovation Toolkit, outlining its content, ideal audience and applications in the library setting.
Verticillium dahliae Infects, Alters Plant Biomass, and Produces Inoculum on Rotation Crops

Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, reduces yields of potato and mint. Crop rotation is a potential management tactic for Verticillium wilt; however, the wide host range of V. dahliae may limit the effectiveness of this tactic. The hypothesis that rotation crops are infected by V. dahliae inoculum originating from potato and mint was tested by inoculation of mustards, grasses, and Austrian winter pea with eight isolates of V. dahliae. Inoculum density was estimated from plants and soil. Typical wilt symptoms were not observed in any rotation crop but plant biomass of some crops was reduced, not affected, or increased by infection of specific isolates. Each isolate was host-specific and infected a subset of the rotation crops tested but microsclerotia from at least one isolate were observed on each rotation crop. Some isolates were host-adapted and differentially altered plant biomass or produced differential amounts of inoculum on rotation crops like arugula and Austrian winter pea, which supported more inoculum of specific isolates than potato. Evidence of asymptomatic and symptomatic infection and differential inoculum formation of V. dahliae on rotation crops presented here will be useful in designing rotations for management of Verticillium wilt.
Horace C. 3.30: the lyricist as hero

Exegi monumentum aere perennius regalique situ pyramidum altius, quod non imber edax, non aquilo impotens possit diruere aut innumerabilis annorum series et fuga temporum. 5 non omnis moriar multaque pars mei vitabit Libitinam: usque ego poster a crescam laude recens, dum Capitolium scandet cum tacita virgine pontifex: dicar, qua violens obstrepit Aufidus 10 et qua pauper aquae Daunus agrestium regnavit populorum, ex humili potens princeps Aeolium carmen ad Italos deduxisse modos. sume superbiam quaesitam meritis et mihi Delphica 15 lauro cinge volens, Melpomene, comam. (I have finished a monument more lasting than bronze and loftier than the pyramids' royal pile, one that no wasting rain, no furious north wind can destroy, or the countless chain of years and the ages' flight. I shall not altogether die, but a mighty part of me shall escape the death-goddess. On and on shall I grow, ever fresh with the glory of after time: so long as the pontiff climbs the Capitol with the silent Vestal, I, risen high from low estate, where wild Aufidus thunders and where Daunus in a parched land once ruled o'er a peasant folk, shall be famed for having been the first to adapt Aeolian song to Italian verse. Accept the proud honour won by thy merits, Melpomene, and graciously crown my locks with Delphic bays.) (Bennett)
Digital breast tomosynthesis reconstruction using spatially weighted non-convex regularization

Regularization is an effective strategy for reducing noise in tomographic reconstruction. This paper proposes a spatially weighted non-convex (SWNC) regularization method for digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) image reconstruction. With a non-convex cost function, this method can suppress noise without blurring microcalcifications (MC) and spiculations of masses. To minimize the non-convex cost function, we apply a majorize-minimize separable quadratic surrogate algorithm (MM-SQS) that is further accelerated by ordered subsets (OS). We applied the new method to a heterogeneous breast phantom and to human subject DBT data, and observed improved image quality in both situations. A quantitative study also showed that the SWNC method can significantly enhance the contrast-to-noise ratio of MCs. By properly selecting its parameters, the SWNC regularizer can preserve the appearance of the mass margins and breast parenchyma.
The Impact of 2008 Presidential Campaign Media on Latinos A Study of Nevada and Arizona Latino Voters

To examine the effects of the 2008 Obama campaign’s targeted media effort aimed at Latino voters, we married 2008 campaign media data from multiple sources to survey data on registered Latino voter...
Wiener-Haar Expansion of Airfoil Limit Cycle Oscillations

Wiener chaos expansions are being evaluated for simulating randomness in the response of nonlinear aeroelastic systems, which often exhibit limit cycles. A two degree-of-freedom airfoil with nonlinear and random pitch stiffness is employed to simulate aeroelastic limit cycles. Polynomial chaos expansions faithfully reproduce the short term dynamics of the airfoil but consistently lose energy at large times relative to the period of oscillation. This is attributed to the continually increasing frequency of the process in the random dimension. The recently developed Wiener-Haar expansion is found to almost entirely eliminate the loss of energy at large times. This is shown initially for a sinusoidal model problem and then for the airfoil at reduced velocities close to and well above the critical value at which a limit cycle is first observed in the mean system. It is also shown that the discrete wavelet transform can be used to efficiently compute the expansion coefficients.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Influenza Prevention and Related Impact Factors among Residents in Jiaxing

[Objective]To understand the situation of knowledge,attitude,practice of influenza prevention and related impact factors in Jiaxing residents.[Methods]Stratified random sampling method was employed to recruit 3024 residents in Jiaxing to complete questionnaires on influenza prevention.[Results]The total awareness rate of influenza was 53.04%.The formation rate of influenza-related health behavior was 59.15%.The results of univariate analysis showed residents’ influenza awareness was significantly affected by age,occupation,and education level;and influenza health behaviors by age,region,marital status,occupation,education level,attitude to influenza,and influenza knowledge comprehensive score.The results of multivariable logistic regression model showed that residents’ influenza knowledge comprehensive score was related to education level and occupation;the residents’ influenza behavior comprehensive score was related to attitude to influenza,influenza knowledge comprehensive score,marital status,education level,and occupation.Television and radio were the main channels of the residents investigated to acquire influenza-related knowledge(72.01%),78.74% of the residents worried about catching influenza,and 95.28% of the residents expressed their willingness to improve knowledge about influenza,such as how to prevent influenza(43.58%).The satisfaction rate regarding influenza communication and education accounted for 60.79%.[Conclusion]The influenza knowledge level and the health behavior formation rate of the Jiaxing residents need to be improved by education programs considering the impact factors of influenza knowledge and behavior.
Ethical Challenges for Military Psychologists: When Worlds Collide

Despite the mental health needs in the military and improved access to military psychologists, many in need do not seek psychological services. The military policies, culture, and environment pose considerable barriers to help seeking. In turn, military practices often conflict with the psychologist’s professional ethics, leading to a range of ethical dilemmas including multiple relationships, multiple agencies, and limited confidentiality. To address ethical concerns and encourage service members to seek mental health services, this article proposes maintaining an understanding of military rules, law, and professional ethics; identifying multiple relationships and establishing boundaries up front; and collaborating with the patient in disclosures of information.
Thermal Stability of Delithiated Al-substituted Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 Cathodes

The thermal stability of a layered transition metal oxide with complete Al-substitution, Li1-xNi1/3Co1/3Al1/3O2 (NCA1/3), is studied in comparison to its better understood analogue, Li1-xNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM), to elucidate information critical to the safety of lithium-ion batteries. NCA1/3 and NCM have crystalline structures with the R-3m space group by high temperature synthesis from coprecipitate precursors. The specific capacities for NCA1/3 and NCM are 115 mAh/g and 180 mAh/g within 2.5-4.5 V. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry confirms the loss of oxygen at 271°C and 292°C for NCM and NCA1/3 delithiated to 4.4 V, respectively. The heat generation reaction of delithiated NCM is 91.7 J/g compared to 10.5 J/g for NCA1/3. The improved thermal stability offered by NCA1/3 is attributed to its low Li+ capacity due to the substitution of Al3+ for Mn4+ and its low heat of reaction due to the stability of the intermediate crystalline phases during delithiation and annealing.
Validating the use of ICD-9 code mapping to generate injury severity scores

The Injury Severity Score (ISS) is a measure of injury severity widely used for research and quality assurance in trauma. Calculation of ISS requires chart abstraction, so it is often unavailable for patients cared for in nontrauma centers. Whether ISS can be accurately calculated from International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes remains unclear. Our objective was to compare ISS derived from ICD-9 codes with those coded by trauma registrars. This was a retrospective study of patients entered into 9 U.S. trauma registries from January 2006 through December 2008. Two computer programs, ICDPIC and ICDMAP, were used to derive ISS from the ICD-9 codes in the registries. We compared derived ISS with ISS hand-coded by trained coders. There were 24,804 cases with a mortality rate of 3.9%. The median ISS derived by both ICDPIC (ISS-ICDPIC) and ICDMAP (ISS-ICDMAP) was 8 (interquartile range [IQR] = 4-13). The median ISS in the registry (ISS-registry) was 9 (IQR = 4-14). The median difference between either of the derived scores and ISS-registry was zero. However, the mean ISS derived by ICD-9 code mapping was lower than the hand-coded ISS in the registries (1.7 lower for ICDPIC, 95% CI [1.7, 1.8], Bland-Altman limits of agreement = -10.5 to 13.9; 1.8 lower for ICDMAP, 95% CI [1.7, 1.9], limits of agreement = -9.6 to 13.3). ICD-9-derived ISS slightly underestimated ISS compared with hand-coded scores. The 2 methods showed moderate to substantial agreement. Although hand-coded scores should be used when possible, ICD-9-derived scores may be useful in quality assurance and research when hand-coded scores are unavailable.
DocMatrix: self-teaching from multiple sources

Learners have a wealth of online resources to help them teach themselves new knowledge. However, not all resources are of equal quality or appropriateness for a learner, given the particular set of prior knowledge they bring to the learning task. Without a teacher, finding appropriate sources that shed light on a topic, collectively or individually, is critical. We present DocMatrix, an interface for viewing multiple documents in parallel, with three key features: a grid of document viewers, a common term sidebar, and enhanced tables of contents. It is designed to let an interested learner view, filter, highlight, and search many documents on a topic simultaneously. We implemented the DocMatrix interface for Google Books, and ran a user study of the prototype. The results of this study indicate DocMatrix allowed users to find, read, and synthesize more information than a traditional single-book interface.
Coordinated Expansion Planning of Natural Gas and Electric Power Systems

The interdependence between natural gas and electric power systems is becoming increasingly tight, as the share of natural gas-fired units increases. Within this context, this paper addresses the coordinated expansion planning of natural gas and power systems. We analyze the tradeoff of building natural gas-related facilities (e.g., natural gas pipelines and natural gas-fired generation units) versus electric-power-related facilities (e.g., transmission lines and other generation units). We use a two-stage stochastic optimization model that provides an appropriate balance between accuracy and computational tractability and represents uncertainty pertaining to electricity and natural gas demands. We show the importance of representing uncertainty by computing the value of stochastic solution, which is significant. We analyze the functioning of the model through a small example and a case study based on the IEEE 118-bus system. Computational results confirm the need for detailed representation of both the natural gas and power systems to achieve investment decisions that are well coordinated and optimal.
Particle acceleration in relativistic magnetic reconnection with strong inverse-Compton cooling in pair plasmas

Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations have shown that relativistic collisionless magnetic reconnection drives nonthermal particle acceleration (NTPA), potentially explaining high-energy (X-ray/$\gamma$-ray) synchrotron and/or inverse Compton (IC) radiation observed from various astrophysical sources. The radiation back-reaction force on radiating particles has been neglected in most of these simulations, even though radiative cooling considerably alters particle dynamics in many astrophysical environments where reconnection may be important. We present a radiative PIC study examining the effects of external IC cooling on the basic dynamics, NTPA, and radiative signatures of relativistic reconnection in pair plasmas. We find that, while the reconnection rate and overall dynamics are basically unchanged, IC cooling significantly influences NTPA: the particle spectra still show a hard power law (index $\geq -2$) as in nonradiative reconnection, but transition to a steeper power law that extends to a cooling-dependent cutoff. The steep power-law index fluctuates in time between roughly $-$3 and $-$5. The time-integrated photon spectra display corresponding power laws with indices $\approx -0.5$ and $\approx -1.1$, similar to those observed in hard X-ray spectra of accreting black holes.
Evidence for/Against Administration of Fibrinogen Concentrate and Coagulation Factor Concentrate During an Obstetrical Hemorrhage

Correction of hypofibrinogenemia is increasingly being recognized as an important component of treatment of obstetric hemorrhage. Fibrinogen levels below 2 g/L are predictive of severe hemorrhage. Fibrinogen concentrate is an attractive means of fibrinogen replacement and has advantages over both fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate. Data are beginning to emerge supporting the use of fibrinogen concentrate in the obstetric population, especially when guided by thromboelastometry/thromboelastography-driven protocols. Prevention of clot breakdown via use of antifibrinolytic therapy is an important component as well.
What Factors Influence Reimbursement for 1 to 2 Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Procedures

Study Design.Retrospective review.Objective.To determine reimbursement associated with an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and the demographic factors influencing reimbursement for an ACDF.Summary of Background Data.ACDF has been shown to be a cost-effective procedure. However, there h
A metric definition, computation, and reporting model for business operation analysis

This paper presents a platform, called Business Cockpit, that allows users to define, compute, monitor, and analyze business and IT metrics on business activities. The problem with existing approaches to metric definition and computation is that they require a very significant development and maintenance effort. The cockpit overcomes this problem by providing users with a set of abstractions used to model the problem space, as well as development and runtime environments that support these abstractions. The cockpit is based on three conceptual models: the business domain model defines the business data to be analyzed, the metric model defines the business metrics of interest for the user, and the reporting model defines how metrics should be aggregated and presented in the reports. The proposed approach provides the following key benefits: i) it allows the definition of many different reports without writing code; ii) it reduces metric computation times; iii) it enables the definition of different ways of computing a metric based on the characteristic of the object being measured; iv) all the code of the cockpit is independent of the business domain to be managed. As such, it can be applied to many scenarios. Domain independence, however, is not achieved at the expense of complexity in the configuration: to apply the cockpit to a given domain, users are simply required to provide an abstract description of the part of their data model that is useful for business operation analysis purposes. The cockpit, and the features described above, have been developed and refined over the past few years. Our research started in the context of business processes, and we have then applied the same concepts to other domains, such as inter-bank transactions.
A System Identification Enhanced Phenotype Phase Plane Analysis

Abstract Genotype-phenotype relationship is fundamental to biology, and predicting different phenotypes based on the sequenced genome is one of the main goals for genome-scale metabolic model development. Phenotype phase plane (PhPP) analysis is a powerful tool to provide a global perspective on the genotype-phenotype relationship, and to help characterize different metabolic phenotypes. However, the traditional PhPP analysis is based on shadow price analysis, which provides limited information to characterize different phenotypes. In this work, we propose a system identification (SID) enhanced PhPP, which not only obtains information that could be obtained through shadow price analysis, but also provides additional information that helps characterize different phenotypes. The effectiveness of the SID-PhPP approach is demonstrated using an illustrative cell model and a core metabolic network model of E. coli.
A Flexible Desktop Tool for the Deployment of Periodic Downstream Services

The present short paper describes the functionalities of a desktop tool enabling non-expert users to develop downstream services for the periodic download and processing of data from Sentinel sources.
Improvement in nasal obstruction and quality of life after septorhinoplasty and turbinate surgery

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the long-term impact of functional septorhinoplasty (SRP) with and without inferior turbinate reduction (ITR) on disease-specific symptom severity and general health-related quality of life (QOL). STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study at a tertiary referral center. METHODS Patients undergoing functional SRP with and without ITR were administered the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale to assess severity of nasal obstruction and the EuroQol-5 Dimension Questionnaire Visual Analog Scale (EQ-5D VAS) to assess general health-related QOL preoperatively and at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months postoperatively. Patient demographics, surgical technique, symptom severity, and QOL outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 567 patients were included, with 391 patients undergoing functional SRP alone (54.0% female; mean age 36.0 years [standard deviation (SD):16.2]) and 176 patients undergoing functional SRP with ITR (50.0% female; mean age 35.6 years [SD:13.6]). There was a significant decrease in NOSE and increase in EQ-5D VAS scores in both groups through at least 24 months postoperatively. Change in NOSE scores was negatively correlated with change in EQ-5D VAS (r = -0.38, P < 0.01). Compared to patients undergoing SRP, patients also undergoing ITR had a statistically but nonclinically significant improvement in NOSE, with similar trends for EQ-5D VAS that were not significant. CONCLUSION SRP results in a sustained, long-term improvement in nasal obstruction based on disease-specific and general health-related QOL measures, with incremental improvement in outcomes with addition of ITR. This study provides the foundation for defining health outcomes and the health utility value of surgical interventions that address nasal obstruction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2c Laryngoscope, 129:1554-1560, 2019.
Registration of Soybean Germplasm Line LG00-3372

he soybean crop in the United States has a relatively narrow genetic base. A pedigree analysis of 258 public cultivars released between 1947 and 1988 showed that 80 ancestors accounted for 99% of the parentage (Gizlice et al., 1994). Just 26 ancestors accounted for nearly 90% of the total ancestry, and 5 ancestors accounted for more than 55%. Introgression of new genetic diversity with a posi- tive impact on seed yield is a critical part of the strategy to increase soybean yield in the United States. ABSTRACT Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) germplasm line LG00-3372 (Reg. No. GP-376, PI 660989) was developed and released by the USDA-ARS and the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station, Urbana, IL. LG00-3372 is derived from an F 5 plant from the cross PI 561319A × PI 574477 and is classifi ed in late maturity group III. PI 561319A is an introduction from China that is not in the ancestry of any released germplasm or cultivar in the United States. PI 57447 is one of the parents of LG00-6313, a germplasm line also released by the USDA-ARS and the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station, Urbana, IL. In cooperative tests at 8 locations with private industry, 11 locations in the USDA Uniform Soybean Tests-Northern States, Preliminary Test III, in 2003, and 18 locations in the USDA Uniform Soybean Tests-Northern States, Uniform Test III, in 2004, LG00-3372 yielded 104, 105, and 102% of the cultivar 'Macon'. LG00-3372 is known to be susceptible to races 4 and 7 of Phytophthora sojae (Kaufmann & Gerdemann). LG00-3372 can be used as a parent for soybean breeding programs to provide new genetic diversity to improve the yield of U.S. cultivars.
Sandia Fracture Challenge 3: detailing the Sandia Team Q failure prediction strategy

The third Sandia Fracture Challenge highlighted the geometric and material uncertainties introduced by modern additive manufacturing techniques. Tasked with the challenge of predicting failure of a complex additively-manufactured geometry made of 316L stainless steel, we combined a rigorous material calibration scheme with a number of statistical assessments of problem uncertainties. Specifically, we used optimization techniques to calibrate a rate-dependent and anisotropic Hill plasticity model to represent material deformation coupled with a damage model driven by void growth and nucleation. Through targeted simulation studies we assessed the influence of internal voids and surface flaws on the specimens of interest in the challenge which guided our material modeling choices. Employing the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test statistic, we developed a representative suite of simulations to account for the geometric variability of test specimens and the variability introduced by material parameter uncertainty. This approach allowed the team to successfully predict the failure mode of the experimental test population as well as the global response with a high degree of accuracy.
The Universal as Substance: Z.13–16—An Aporia and What Follows

Z.13 also raises an aporia whose bases imply that substance is indefinable. Rather than providing a reason to revise any arguments in 1038b8–1039a3, it begins an additional series of arguments against 1038b8–1039a3’s Platonic target. Z.14 raises a dilemma that can be seen to commit this target to the bases of Z.13’s aporia, making that aporia ta problem for it. Z.15 argues that Platonic Forms are indefinable, the conclusion that generated Z.13’s aporia, again making it a problem for that Platonic view. Among other things, Z.16 offers a pair of arguments that parallel the pairs of arguments in 1038b8–1039a3—the first relying on Z.13’s idion assumption, and the second committing Aristotle to individual composites as basic constituents. None of this requires any revision in 1038b8–1039a3’s arguments.
The fetal falx cerebelli

The falx cerebelli is a retrocerebellar dural reflection. The MR spectrum of the fetal falx cerebelli has not been described. To determine the prevalence of falx cerebelli abnormalities in the context of posterior fossa malformations and compare them to age-matched normal fetal MRI exams. We reviewed all consecutive fetal MRIs performed over 1 year at a children’s hospital. We assessed the falx cerebelli in each examination for location, morphology, size and number. Exams were grouped into (1) normal or non-brain/head abnormalities or (2) abnormal brain or craniofacial structures. We used chi square, linear regression and logistic regression analyses; P<0.05 was considered significant. We included 424 examinations (223 controls, 201 malformations) from 378 patients (mean gestational age 27±6 weeks). In the control group, the mean falx size was 2.6±1.2 mm (anteroposterior) × 11.0±3.2 mm (craniocaudal), with 80% retrovermian centered; the falx was linear (23%), Y-shape (15%), V-shape (22%) or U-shape (21%); it was unusually multiplicated (17%) or absent (<2%). Falx cerebellar abnormalities were more common in abnormal exams (59%; 119/201) than in normal exams (19%; 43/223) (P<0.001). The falx was abnormal with Blake pouch cysts (9/9, 100%) and rhombencephalosynapsis (3/4, 75%), absent in all Chiari II (n=9) and most Dandy–Walker malformations (5/6, 83%), commonly multiplicated in mega cisterna magna (14/22, 64%), and deviated or absent in cases with arachnoid cysts (3/3, 100%) and adhesions (4/5, 80%). Structural alterations of the falx cerebelli are more prevalent in fetuses with brain and craniofacial abnormalities. Specific changes offer clues to posterior fossa diagnoses.
Experience of delayed primary closure of giant omphalocele after umbilical cord suspension procedure

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of delayed primary closure of giant omphalocele after umbilical cord suspension procedure.Methods The surgery procedure and therapeutic efficacy from 10 cases of giant omphaloceles newborns undertaking with umbilical cord suspension,were analyzed retrospectively.Results The average age of 10 cases of newborn was 1 day.The duration of suspensions procedure ranged from 15 to 37 days (average 21.7 days).All cases underwent delayed surgical repair after suspension and lesion was repaired successfully.Among them two patients underwent Ladd's procedures meanwhile.In term of postoperative complications,two cases were complicated with abdominal incision hernias; one case had symptom of dyspnoea and three days of assistance using mechanical ventilator improved breathing.All cases started to breastfeeding in postoperative 2-6 days (3 days average),while the feeding time in conventional delayed primary closure of giant omphalocele procedure was averagely 7d (ranging from 5-10 d).Conclusions some advantages can be seen in this procedure,including easy performance,economic,and better clinical outcome. Key words: Hernia, Umbilical; Umbilical cord
Partial purification and immunodetection of cell surface glycoproteins from plants.

Abstract Cell surface glycoproteins in plants were first described more than 50 years ago, and yet, the precise mechanisms by which they operate remain elusive to this day. Studying glycoproteins is often challenging due to their subcellular localization (many secreted or membrane associated) and the extent of glycosylation present on the protein backbone, which can have profound effects on protein structure and behavior. In plants, additional layers of complexity exist as cell surface glycoproteins are in close contact, and in some cases, establish direct linkages with the polysaccharide networks present in the cell wall. In this chapter, we guide the reader through a protocol aimed to address the glycosylation status of a presumed cell surface glycoprotein. First, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using plants as homologous expression systems for recombinant glycoprotein production. Next, we describe a protocol for microsomal enrichment, followed by partial purification by affinity chromatography and finally glycodetection by immunoblotting using monoclonal antibodies targeting cell wall glycans. We particularly focus on the hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) family, the most abundant family of glycoproteins in the plant cell wall. We provide examples of two putative HRGP chimeric proteins, one akin to extensins and the second an arabinogalactan protein (AGP)-like protein. For the latter, we provide an AGP-specific protocol to ensure enrichment of members of this group, which can be used independently or in conjunction with the described protocol. Throughout the chapter, we provide recommendations for the handling of plant glycoproteins and highlight special considerations for experimental design, along with troubleshooting suggestions.
Cognitio Poetica. Rational and Sensate Cognition in Hagedorn’s Poetry

This essay examines Hagedorn's early satires and his Rococo songs in order to tease out the enormous shifts in poetic content and in the role of poetic form that occurred in the first half of the e...
Ballet as Discourse: Environment, Diversity, and Colonialism in La Source

In 2011, the Paris Opera Ballet remounted La Source, an 1866 ballet with a libretto by Charles Nuitter, choreography by Arthur Saint-Leon, and a musical score by Leo Delibes and Ludwig Minkus. Sain...
Olivares, Cristóbal (ed.) (2020). Escenas de escritura: Entre filosofía y literatura

Olivares, Cristobal (ed.) (2020) Escenas de escritura: Entre filosofia y literatura Santiago de Chile: Polvora Editorial ISBN 978-956-9441-34-9
Towards a Robotically Steerable System for High Dose Rate Brachytherapy

Brachytherapy (BT) is a commonly employed percutaneous approach for cancer treatment. In this work, we propose a new tendon-driven omnidirectional bending joint for a steerable stylet that can be inserted into a commercial BT needle. This joint is made by laser cutting a diamond pattern with or without vertical supporting members into a nitinol tube. Simulations are used to compare the effect of different geometric pattern parameters and determine the most optimal parameter values. Joint simulation results are used in a model for bending the joint-needle system and compared to experimental results. We demonstrate the ability of the joint to achieve the desired bending angle in the needle.
Toward an Assessment of Quality of Life Indicators as Measures of Destination Performance

This study tests a reciprocal relationship between objective quality of life indicators and traditional destination performance measures over time. A set of 16 quality of life indicators (covering ...
Effect of Oil Properties on the Generation of Nano-Aerosols During Bubble Bursting Through Crude Oil-Dispersant Slicks.

This study examines the effect of dispersant and oil properties on the aerosolization of fresh and weathered surface crude oil slicks by bursting of a plume of ∼0.7 mm bubbles. A scanning mobility ...