cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GR chaperone cycle mechanism revealed by cryo-EM: inactivation of GR by GR:Hsp90:Hsp70:Hop client-loading complex

Abstract Maintaining a healthy proteome is fundamental for organism survival1,2. Integral to this are Hsp90 and Hsp70 molecular chaperones that together facilitate the folding, remodeling and maturation of Hsp90’s many “client” proteins3–7. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a model client strictly dependent upon Hsp90/Hsp70 for activity8–13. Chaperoning GR involves a cycle of inactivation by Hsp70, formation of an inactive GR:Hsp90:Hsp70:Hop “loading” complex, conversion to an active GR:Hsp90:p23 “maturation” complex, and subsequent GR release14. Unfortunately, a molecular understanding of this intricate chaperone cycle is lacking for any client. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of the GR loading complex, in which Hsp70 loads GR onto Hsp90, revealing the molecular basis of direct Hsp90/Hsp70 coordination. The structure reveals two Hsp70s—one delivering GR and the other scaffolding Hop. Unexpectedly, the Hop cochaperone interacts with all components of the complex including GR, poising Hsp90 for subsequent ATP hydrolysis. GR is partially unfolded and recognized via an extended binding pocket composed of Hsp90, Hsp70 and Hop, revealing the mechanism of GR loading and inactivation. Together with the GR maturation complex (Noddings et al., 2020), we present the first complete molecular mechanism of chaperone-dependent client remodeling, establishing general principles of client recognition, inhibition, transfer and activation.
Mechanistic insight into oxygen atom transfer reactions by mononuclear manganese(IV)-oxo adducts.

High-valent metal–oxo intermediates are well known to facilitate oxygen-atom transfer (OAT) reactions both in biological and synthetic systems. These reactions can occur by a single-step OAT mechanism or by a stepwise process initiated by rate-limiting electron transfer between the substrate and the metal–oxo unit. Several recent reports have demonstrated that changes in the metal reduction potential, caused by the addition of Bronsted or Lewis acids, cause a change in sulfoxidation mechanism of MnIV–oxo complexes from single-step OAT to the multistep process. In this work, we sought to determine if ca. 4000-fold rate variations observed for sulfoxidation reactions by a series of MnIV–oxo complexes supported by neutral, pentadentate ligands could arise from a change in sulfoxidation mechanism. We examined the basis for this rate variation by performing variable-temperature kinetic studies to determine activation parameters for the reactions of the MnIV–oxo complexes with thioanisole. These data reveal activation barriers predominantly controlled by activation enthalpy, with unexpectedly small contributions from the activation entropy. We also compared the reactivity of these MnIV–oxo complexes by a Hammett analysis using para-substituted thioanisole derivatives. Similar Hammett ρ values from this analysis suggest a common sulfoxidation mechanism for these complexes. Because the rates of oxidation of the para-substituted thioanisole derivatives by the MnIV–oxo adducts are much faster than that expected from the Marcus theory of outer-sphere electron-transfer, we conclude that these reactions proceed by a single-step OAT mechanism. Thus, large variations in sulfoxidation by this series of MnIV–oxo centers occur without a change in reaction mechanism.
FOX: Hardware-Assisted File Auditing for Direct Access NVM-Hosted Filesystems.

With emerging non-volatile memories entering the mainstream market, several operating systems start to incorporate new changes and optimizations. One major OS support is the direct-access for files, which enables efficient access for files hosted in byte-addressable NVM systems. With DAX-enabled filesystems, files can be accessed directly similar to memory with typical load/store operations. Despite its efficiency, the frequently used system call of direct access is troublesome for system auditing. File system auditing is mandatory and widely used because auditing logs can help detect anomalies, suspicious file accesses, or be used as an evidence in digital forensics. However, the frequent and long-time usage of direct access call blinds the operating system or file system from tracking process operations to shared files after the initial page faults. This might results in imprecise casualty analysis and leads to false conclusion for attack detection. To remedy the tension between enabling fine-grained file system auditing and leveraging the performance of NVM-hosted file systems, we propose a novel hardware-assisted auditing scheme, FOX. FOX enables file system auditing through lightweight hardware-software changes which can monitor every read or write event for mapped files on NVM. Additionally, we propose the optimized schemes, that enable auditing flexibility for selected files/memory range. By prototyping FOX on a full system simulator, Gem5, we observe a relatively small reduced throughput and an acceptable extra writes compared to our baseline. Compared to other instrumentation-based software schemes, our scheme is low-overhead and secure.
Biphasic effects of IL-27 during Staphylococcus aureus implant-associated osteomyelitis in mice

Interleukin-27 is a pleiotropic cytokine whose reported functions during bacterial infections are debated as an area of active research. To address this, we investigated the role of IL-27 signaling during Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis. Clinically, we observed elevated serum IL-27 levels (20-fold higher, p 50% of these infections. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop immunotherapies to treat these life-threatening S. aureus infections. Currently, the role of multifunctional IL-27 on S. aureus osteomyelitis is unknown. In a clinical study, we observed that IL-27 is an important biomarker for identifying S. aureus osteomyelitis patients, and that elevated serum IL-27 levels correlated with adverse clinical outcomes, such as septic death. In our efforts to uncover the underlying mechanisms, we reveal that IL-27 is a biphasic cytokine, activating proinflammatory immune pathways, including Th17 responses, early during acute S. aureus osteomyelitis, and subsequently repressing them during the chronic phase to prevent cytokine storm and bone damage. These results indicate that immune modulation of IL-27/IL-27R signaling could be a viable therapeutic strategy in mitigating S. aureus osteomyelitis.
“I Believe in Taking Care of People”: Pushing Back against Rationalized Institutions with a Logic of Care

Abstract A founding sociological metanarrative describes modernization as an ongoing process in which complex and bureaucratic institutions increasingly regulate social life, privileging instrumental-rational logics of action and the authority of scientific, legal, and technical elites. This makes it increasingly difficult to sustain substantive rationality, or moral action rooted in substantive values. Drawing on data from 48 focus groups in which ordinary U.S. citizens discuss contemporary social controversies, we find that substantive rationality is common, and commonly rooted in a logic of care. Individuals in our focus groups often invoked a logic of care to make moral claims that justified the consideration of context and complexity, encouraged empathy, and centered individual well-being. We find that invoking a logic of care is sometimes an automatic response and sometimes arrived at after deliberation, and that a logic of care is used across different social locations within our sample, including by both men and women and across different racial and religious groups. And we find that a logic of care is often used to “push back” against or negotiate with more rational logics of action like law, science, and efficiency. We argue that our focus on a logic of care helps render substantive rationality more visible and legible for analysis, providing a corrective to metanarratives of disenchantment and fostering a richer understanding of the processes through which people make moral claims in interaction.
MaRGEE: Move and Rotate Google Earth Elements

Abstract Google Earth is recognized as a highly effective visualization tool for geospatial information. However, there remain serious limitations that have hindered its acceptance as a tool for research and education in the geosciences. One significant limitation is the inability to translate or rotate geometrical elements on the Google Earth virtual globe. Here we present a new JavaScript web application to “Move and Rotate Google Earth Elements” (MaRGEE). MaRGEE includes tools to simplify, translate, and rotate elements, add intermediate steps to a transposition, and batch process multiple transpositions. The transposition algorithm uses spherical geometry calculations, such as the haversine formula, to accurately reposition groups of points, paths, and polygons on the Google Earth globe without distortion. Due to the imminent deprecation of the Google Earth API and browser plugin, MaRGEE uses a Google Maps interface to facilitate and illustrate the transpositions. However, the inherent spatial distortions that result from the Google Maps Web Mercator projection are not apparent once the transposed elements are saved as a KML file and opened in Google Earth. Potential applications of the MaRGEE toolkit include tectonic reconstructions, the movements of glaciers or thrust sheets, and time-based animations of other large- and small-scale geologic processes.
Mentoring in a Catholic High School: The Movement to Receive

This paper explores the dynamics that underlie the process of mentoring high-school students, with Catholic Junior College in Singapore as a site of practice. Using Luke’s journey narrative of Jesus’ walk with the two disciples to Emmaus (Luke 24:13-35), it proposes a Christological framework that construes the relational practice of mentoring as involving four movements - receiving, blessing, breaking and giving. Within the limited scope of this paper, I focus specifically on the movement of receiving: What does it mean to receive a young person as a mentee? In what manner can a teacher-mentor receive the young person? What practical strategies can teacher-mentors employ to help them ‘see’ where the young person is at?
Policy Analytical Capacity Inside and Outside of Government: A Case Study of Colorado Climate and Energy Issues

This paper examines the policy analytical capacity of government compared to the non-profit and private sectors and to the research/academic community. Based on original data from a 2011 questionnaire administered to policy actors in the context of energy and climate issues in the state of Colorado, the findings show that government is not as “hollowed out” as expected. While individuals from academia and consulting firms may have higher analytical capacity than government in conducting research, government is higher across most other measures. Nonetheless, nearly all respondents agree that government needs higher levels of policy analytical capacity to address climate and energy issues.
U.S. Nuclear Policies and Forces by 2025

This paper discusses eight variables that will significantly influence the evolution of U.S. nuclear policies and forces by 2025. Other variables, of course, operate today and could be considered. Moreover, new variables are likely to emerge between now and then; history is full of surprises. Still, the eight factors suggested here are likely to be especially salient.
Conflicting Fiduciary Duties Within Collegiate Athletic Conferences: A Prescription for Leniency

The 2003-05 migration of three universities from the Big East Conference to the Atlantic Coast Conference prompted several remaining Big East schools to sue the departing schools, alleging the departure constituted a breach of the fiduciary duties the university officials owed to the Big East Conference. This Note examines potential breach of fiduciary duty claims in the context of athletic conference migration, and explores how conflicts of interest can arise in such situations because university representatives owe fiduciary duties both to their own universities and to the conference. This Note first contends that, absent clear evidence of intent to harm a conference and its members, breachof-duty claims against university officials following athletic conference departures should be viewed with skepticism. In such 'situations, university representatives should be considered university officials first, and conference board members second, since conference memberships are only a part of the job of being a university official. This Note also argues that any damages from departure sustained by the remaining schools should be subsumed into withdrawal fees contractually established within conference constitutions, thus allowing universities to resolve conference conflicts quickly and without resort to the court system.
Exhaled Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Hookah Smokers: A Public Health Concern

Current public policy does not reflect health risk awareness associated with hookah smoking. Although, cigaretteÂ smoking has gained considerable attention accompanied by public restrictions, hookah smoking continues toÂ increase as an unrestricted, socially acceptable means of recreation. This study identified novel biomarkersÂ altered by hookah smoking compared to cigarette smoking using exhaled breath condensate collected fromÂ nonsmokers, hookah smokers and cigarette smokers pre and post smoking. Both cigarette and hookah smokershad higher levels of inflammatory mediators suggestive of inflammasome activation as well as altered expressionÂ of miR-217 and miR-17, which are known to regulate inflammasome activation and promote oncogenesis. Toassess current public knowledge of risk factors and behaviors associated with hookah smoking, and if knowledgeÂ of hookah dangers would influence smoking behaviors, the experimental data were integrated into a surveyÂ emphasizing cancer risk associated with hookah smoking. Survey results indicated that 70% of study participantsÂ were encouraged to abstain from hookah smoking after gaining knowledge of cancer risk associated with hookah.Â The identification of behaviors associated with hookah smoking and novel biomarkers of health risk may influenceits public health regulation and facilitate community health education.
Sex workers and the cost of safe sex - the compensating differential for condom use in Calcutta

The practice of safe sex by commercial sex workers is considered central to preventing the transmission of AIDS in developing countries. The authors estimate the compensating differential for condom use among sex workers in Calcutta, based on results from a survey conducted in 1993. If, as suggested by anecdotal evidence, this loss in income is large, it would indicate the existence of strong disincentives for practicing safe sex. To identify the relationship between condom use and the average price per sex act, they follow an instrumental variable approach, exploiting an intervention program focused on providing information about the AIDS virus and about safe sex practices. The program, instituted in 1992, was not systematically administered. Using this method, they found that sex workers who always use condoms face a loss of 79 percent in the average earnings per sex act.
Adaptive critic design of a control augmentation system for an unmanned aerial vehicle

Command augmentation systems (CAS) are a common part of modern airplane control and are best characterized as a form of tracking control. Pilot commands communicated through stick, pedal and throttle commands are translated into desired states for the airplane and the CAS through a close loop configuration with airplane work to minimize the difference between the actual state of the plane and the desired state as communicated from the pilot. In the research reported, simulated stick x commands were translated into desired roll rates for a simulated airplane. Using dual heuristic programming, a form of neurodynamic programming (a.k.a. adaptive critic methods and reinforcement learning), a CAS was designed. The resultant CAS shows effective tracking response between the desired and actual roll rate of the airplane.
DIET IN THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BREAST CANCER

A variety of studies have shown that diets high in fat, particularly polyunsaturated, have enhanced the production of tumors in animals challenged with chemical carcinogens. Other studies have found an apparent contradiction of no difference in the incidence of breast cancer among women with varying levels of serum cholesterol as measured decades earlier. The present study concerns 2024 breast cancer cases and 1463 control patients without neoplasms or pathology of the reproductive and digestive organs, seen at Roswell Park Memorial Institute from 1958 to 1965. Based upon the assessments of their varying ingestion of fats from their own reports of diets, no difference in risk was found. Similarly, there was no difference in risk of breast cancer associated with ingesting diets containing various levels of either vitamin C or the cruciferous vegetables. Risk for breast cancer in women 55 years of age and older increased somewhat with decreases in ingestion of foods containing vitamin A.
Egr-1: new conductor for the tissue repair orchestra directs harmony (regeneration) or cacophony (fibrosis)

Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are the key effector cells executing physiological tissue repair leading to regeneration on the one hand, and pathological fibrogenesis leading to chronic fibrosing conditions on the other. Recent studies identify the multifunctional transcription factor early growth response-1(Egr-1) as an important mediator of fibroblast activation triggered by diverse stimuli. Egr-1 has potent stimulatory effects on fibrotic gene expression, and aberrant Egr-1 expression or function is associated with animal models of fibrosis and human fibrotic disorders, including emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension and systemic sclerosis. Pharmacological suppression or genetic targeting of Egr-1 blocks fibrotic responses in vitro and ameliorates experimental fibrosis in the skin and lung. In contrast, Egr-1 appears to act as a negative regulator of hepatic fibrosis in mouse models, suggesting a context-dependent role in fibrosis. The Egr-1-binding protein Nab2 is an endogenous inhibitor of Egr-1-mediated signalling and abrogates the stimulation of fibrotic responses induced by transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ). Moreover, mice deficient in Nab2 show excessive collagen accumulation in the skin. These observations highlight a previously unsuspected fundamental physiological function for the Egr-1-Nab2 signalling axis in regulating fibrogenesis, and suggest that Egr-1 may be a potential novel therapeutic target in human diseases complicated by fibrosis. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the regulation and complex functional role of Egr-1 and its related proteins and inhibitors in pathological fibrosis.
An Introduction to Some Topics in Constructive Quantum Field Theory

We give an elementary introduction to the spirit and some of the simpler techniques of constructive quantum field theory. In the first part of these notes we briefly review the general framework of relativistic quantum field theory, its Euclidean description and Euclidean field theory. In the second part we combine Euclidean with Lagrangean field theory and, as a result, formulate a concrete program for the construction of relativistic quantum field models. In the third part we exemplify this program by considering in some detail the famous λФ4-theory in two space-time dimensions and commenting on the construction of λФ4 in three dimensions. Finally, in part four, we discribe some recent results concerning the degeneracy of the physical vacuum (phase transitions), the spontaneous breaking of internal symmetries and the critical point in λФ4 in two and three dimensions.
Centrally acting antihypertensive drugs: re-emergence of sympathetic inhibition in the treatment of hypertension.

Central regulation of the sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in the maintenance of blood pressure. In a subset of patients with essential hypertension, sympathetic activation may contribute to the development and maintenance of hypertension. Unlike the first generation of centrally active antihypertensive drugs, the second generation may be superior because of its selectivity to I1-imidazoline receptor and selective binding to the vasomotor center. Lack of a2 effects differentiates moxonidine from clonidine with respect to monoxidine’s superior side-effect profile (little or no sedation or dry mouth). Clinical trials show that moxonidine is as effective as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (eg, enalapril and captopril), b-blockers (eg, atenolol), calcium-channel blockers (eg, long-acting nifedipine), and diuretics (eg, hydrochlorothiazide) in lowering blood pressure and that it has superior tolerability. Thus, central modulation of the sympathetic nervous system has re-emerged as an exciting target for blood pressure reduction. Given the multiple adverse effects of sympathetic stimulation in various disease processes, including congestive heart failure, moxonidine may be the next therapeutic option for the management of hypertension and the prevention of target organ dysfunction.
Cytology of the Heterodera Trifolii Parthenogenetic Species Complex

Twenty-four populations belonging to the Heterodera trifolii species complex from various geographical areas were found to reproduce by mitotic parthenogenesis (apomixis). The chromosome number as determined in metaphase I figures of maturing oocytes, varied from 24 to 35. With a basic chromosome number of n = 9 accepted for the genus Heterodera, two chromosomal forms were recognized within H. trifolii, one triploid and another tetraploid, each one comprising also several aneuploid forms. Cytogenetic information does not support the present taxonomic treatment of the group which needs to be revised. A cytological mechanism assumed to be responsible for the presence of giant eggs and giant 2nd-stage juveniles in these forms is discussed.
Synthesis of α-hydroxy statine through a facially selective osmylation of a chiral α-amido crotonate

Abstract α-hydroxy statine 5 was synthesized by osmylation of amido crotonate 6 and incorporated into peptide framework 9, resulting in an active renin inhibitor; predicted stereochemical preferences for renin inhibition were confirmed by x-ray analysis and biochemical determinations. The facial selectivity of the osmylation is consistent with the Vedejs model.
Can Reflected Extra-equatorial Rossby Waves Drive ENSO?

Abstract The possibility that the evolution of the ENSO phenomenon is determined by the reflection of extra-equatorial Rossby waves from the western boundary into the equatorial waveguide has been a subject of recent debate. Observations and some wind-driven models suggest an apparent continuity of off-equatorial signals and subsequent waveguide anomalies. On the other hand, coupled model results show that ENSO-like behavior can be simulated with no involvement of the extra-equatorial regions. Linear equatorial wave theory shows that significant reflection can only occur within about 8° of the equator, with a sharp fall-off in the reflectivity poleward of this latitude. Although the amplitude of the thermocline anomalies associated with observed ENSO-forced extra-equatorial Rossby waves can be large, it is the net zonal transport of these waves that is crucial to the reflectivity, and this net transport decreases rapidly as Rossby waves occur farther from the equator. The zonal geostrophic flows associate...
Gelsolin Binding and Cellular Presentation of Lysophosphatidic Acid

Abstract Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in biological fluids binds to serum albumin and other proteins that enhance its effects on cellular functions. The actin-severing protein gelsolin binds LPA with an affinity (K d = 6 nm) similar to that of the G protein-coupled LPA receptors encoded by endothelial differentiation genes 2, 4, and 7 (Edg-2, -4, and -7 receptors) and greater than that of serum albumin (K d = 360 nm). At concentrations of 10% or less of that in plasma, which are observed in fluids of injured tissues, purified and recombinant gelsolin augment LPA stimulation of nuclear signals and protein synthesis in rat cardiac myocytes (RCMs) that express Edg-2 and -4 receptors. At concentrations of 20% or more of that in plasma, gelsolin suppresses LPA stimulation of RCMs. The lack of effect of gelsolin on RCM responses to monoclonal anti-Edg-4 receptor antibody plus a phorbol ester without LPA attests to its specificity for LPA delivery and the absence of post-receptor effects. Inhibition of gelsolin binding and cellular delivery of LPA byl-α-phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and peptides constituting the two PIP2 binding domains of gelsolin suggests competition between LPA and PIP2 for the same sites. Thus, delivery of LPA to RCMs is affinity-coupled to Edg receptors by gelsolin in a PIP2-regulated process.
Diagnostic approaches for diabetic cardiomyopathy and myocardial fibrosis

In diabetes mellitus, alterations in cardiac structure/function in the absence of ischemic heart disease, hypertension or other cardiac pathologies are termed diabetic cardiomyopathy. In the United States, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus continues to rise and the disease currently affects about 8% of the general population. Hence, the use of appropriate diagnostic strategies for diabetic cardiomyopathy, which may help correctly identify the disease at early stages and implement suitable corrective therapies is imperative. Currently, there is no single diagnostic method for the identification of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is known to induce changes in cardiac structure such as, myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis and fat droplet deposition. Early changes in cardiac function are typically manifested as abnormal diastolic function that with time leads to loss of contractile function. Echocardiography based methods currently stand as the preferred diagnostic approach for diabetic cardiomyopathy, due to its wide availability and economical use. In addition to conventional techniques, magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy along with contrast agents are now leading new approaches in the diagnosis of myocardial fibrosis, and cardiac and hepatic metabolic changes. These strategies can be complemented with serum biomarkers so they can offer a clear picture as to diabetes-induced changes in cardiac structure/function even at very early stages of the disease. This review article intends to provide a summary of experimental and routine tools currently available to diagnose diabetic cardiomyopathy induced changes in cardiac structure/function. These tools can be reliably used in either experimental models of diabetes or for clinical applications.
Generators for primary closures of Galois fields

We continue to study the existence of (norm- and) trace-compatible sequences of primitive normal bases for prime power extensions of finite fields, introduced by the author in Hachenberger (Finite Fields Appl. 5 (1999) 378-385; in: D. Jungnickel, H. Niederreiter (Eds.), Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Finite Fields and Applications, Augsburg, August 1999, Springer, Heidelberg, 2001, pp. 208-223), and improve on some aspects of these papers.
Wideband Band-Stop X-Band Filter Using Electrically Small Tightly Coupled Resonators

An electrically small, coupled resonator X-band filter capable of exhibiting a 25% fractional bandwidth band-stop response is presented. Different than the existing designs, the capacitively-loaded open loop resonators of the filter are realized over a 7 μm thin Benzocyclobutene (BCB) layer in order to bring them in close proximity of a microstrip feed line to achieve the desired wideband response. The resonator shape was specifically modified to minimize the width of the filter to 2.5 mm (i.e., λ0/13) at the center frequency of 9.2 GHz in order to be employed within the gaps of a tightly packed tile antenna array. The filter exhibits a measured band-stop performance with > 25 dB insertion loss from 8.1 to 9.64 GHz. Within the band-pass regime ( 11.2 GHz), the filter is shown to operate with <; 1.5 dB measured insertion loss.
Abstract 2162: Prior bone health history in breast cancer patients on aromatase inhibitors

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Background: Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have been replacing tamoxifen (TAM) as adjuvant hormonal therapy (HT) for hormone receptor-positive, postmenopausal breast cancer (BC). AIs are known for their adverse effects on bone health, yet bone health history among AI users before BC diagnosis is unknown, which may impact fracture risk after AI therapy. In a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort of BC patients on HT, we describe prior history of osteoporosis and fracture before BC diagnosis among AI users compared with TAM users. Methods: A total of 3280 women diagnosed with invasive BC from 2005-2013 and initially treated with AI or TAM were identified from an ongoing prospective cohort study at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC). Data on baseline demographic and lifestyle factors came from in-person interviews about two months post-diagnosis. Information on BC diagnosis and treatment, HT, and prior bone health history including bisphosphonate (BP) use was obtained from the KPNC cancer registry and clinical databases. Using age- and race-adjusted logistic regression, we examined the association of lifestyle and clinical factors at BC diagnosis with prior history of 1) osteoporosis, 2) any fracture (excluding head, face, fingers, toes), and 3) any major fracture (hip, spine, humerus, wrist). Results: Compared with initial TAM users (n=1140), initial AI users (n=2140) were more likely to be older (mean 64.5 y vs. 50.5 y) and obese (38% vs. 26%), yet less likely to have had chemotherapy (36% vs. 51%). AI users were more likely to have a prior history of osteoporosis (n=164, 7.7% vs. n=62, 5.4%, age-adjusted p median OR=0.4; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.7). Discussion: This descriptive analysis is one of the first to characterize AI users and risk factors for prior bone morbidity before BC diagnosis. In the future, this study will evaluate the impact of AIs on risk of subsequent bone outcomes and examine lifestyle, molecular, and genetic risk factors for AI-induced fractures. Funded by R01 CA166701 and R01 CA105274. Citation Format: Marilyn L. Kwan, Joan C. Lo, Li Tang, Cecile Laurent, Janise M. Roh, Malini Chandra, Theresa E. Hahn, Chi-Chen Hong, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Dawn L. Hershman, Bette J. Caan, Charles P. Quesenberry, Barbara Sternfeld, Christine B. Ambrosone, Lawrence H. Kushi, Song Yao. Prior bone health history in breast cancer patients on aromatase inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2162. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2162
A workshop on computer graphics for undergraduate faculty

A week long workshop in computer graphics, co-sponsored by Georgia State University (GSU) and the National Science Foundation (NSF grant No. USE-8954402 ) was held at GSU August 20-24,1990. The twenty four participants in the workshop were faculty from undergraduate institutions and the instructors were the authors of this paper. In the following we will describe the demographics of the faculty group, the subject areas covered, the format of the workshop, the developed course materials, and the results. This workshop can possibly be used as the prototype for future such workshops.
Urolithiasis in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

We evaluated the incidence, timing, and consequences of urolithiasis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A total of 20 patients with urolithiasis were identified from 2095 patients with ALL treated at St Jude Children's Research Hospital on consecutive protocols between 1968 and 1998. For remission induction therapy, all patients received daily prednisone; continuation chemotherapy regimens differed by protocol with some including pulses of prednisone or dexamethasone and others no glucocorticoid. Patients with urolithiasis were older at diagnosis of ALL than those without urolithiasis (median age, 7.5 vs 5.0 years; P=0.03) and less likely to be black (P=0.03) than white or Hispanic, but sex and treatment era did not differ. Presenting symptoms included abdominal or flank pain, hematuria, and dysuria. All stones analyzed biochemically were calcium stones. The incidence of urolithiasis after completion of therapy was 1.8 per 10 000 person-years. Compared to this baseline rate, the relative risk of urolithiasis was 45 (P 0.05) during continuation therapy without glucocorticoids. Urolithiasis occurred 4.5 times more often during continuation treatment with glucocorticoids than without (P<0.05). Seven patients (35%) had recurrent urolithiasis. Patients with ALL are at risk of developing calcium renal stones during chemotherapy, especially when a glucocorticoid is included.
Labeling of thyroid hormones and their derivatives.

A method is described for radioiodinating thyroxine, 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine, tetraiodothyroacetic acid and 3,5,3'-triiodothyroacetic acid with 125I-iodide, using chloramine-T as an oxidant. With appropriate conditions, this oxidizing agent permits a gentle and reproducible radioiodination of these compounds. Separation of the labeled compounds from the non-reacted Na125I can be achieved with a Sephadex LH-20 column or by paper chromatography. Their specific specific activities were measured by competitive protein-binding assays. The method permits both substitution of radioactive for stable iodine in the parentcompound and, in the case of triiodinated compounds, addition of radioactive iodine to the molecule to yield the tetraiodinated compounds. The latter method produces compounds of very high specific activities.(Endocrinology 94: 1189, 1974)
THE HUMAN BRAIN AND HUMAN DESTINY: A PATTERN FOR OLD BRAIN EMPATHY WITH THE EMERGENCE OF MIND

. The human brain combines empathy and imagination via the old brain which sets our destiny in the evolutionary scheme of things. This new understanding of cognition is an emergent phenomenon—basically an expressive ordering of reality as part of “a single natural system.” The holographic and subsymbolic paradigms suggest that we live in a contextual universe, one which we create and yet one in which we are required to adapt. The inadequacy of the new brain—specially the left hemisphere's rational view of destiny—is replaced by a view of a new relatedness in reality in which human destiny comes from and depends upon the mutual interchange between the new brain (cultural knowledge) and the old brain (genetic wisdom) for the survival of what is significant to the whole systemic context in which we live.
DIVING BEHAVIOR AND MATERNAL INVESTMENT IN WEDDELL SEALS (LEPTONYCHOTES WEDDELLII)

Estimation du transfert de poids de la femelle vers le petit,examen des caracteristiques de la plongee pendant la lactation et correlation avec le rendement de l'investissement parental
Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of Monte Carlo Simulations of Copper Electrodeposition with Multiple Additives

Monte Carlo simulations are typically characterized by a large number of unknown parameters, many of which are difficult to obtain experimentally. Parameter sensitivity analysis can be used to quantify the effect of the unknown parameters. This information can be used to decide which parameters should be optimized or determined more accurately through further experimental or simulation studies. The parameter sensitivity analysis for Monte Carlo simulations is complicated by the stochastic nature of the simulations, making it difficult to isolate responses from background noise. In the present study, a stochastic optimization problem was formulated and solved, which produced a first-order accurate equation for computing the sensitivities that optimally accounts for the simulation noise. This new approach for computing sensitivities for stochastic simulations significantly increases the accuracy over existing methods. The approach is illustrated by application to a Monte Carlo code that simulates copper electrodeposition from a sulfate bath onto a flat copper substrate in the presence of a three-additive system of chloride, polyethylene glycol, and mercapto propane sulfonic acid.
Two dimensional bilateral operational relations

Abstract This paper deals with theorems on two dimensional bilateral Laplace transforms. We have formulated three theorems and corollaries on bilateral operational relations. The theorems and corollaries are used to obtain new bilateral operational relations in two dimensions by using their known one dimensional relations. Theorem 4 is on application of bilateral transform to find the particular solution of a certain partial differential equation.
Can “disciplined passion” overcome the cynical view? An empirical inquiry of evaluator influence on police crime prevention program outcomes

Investigate the degree and nature of influence that researchers have in police crime prevention programs and whether a high degree of influence is associated with biased reporting of results. Meta-analytic inquiry of experimental and quasi-experimental studies (n = 42), drawn from four Campbell Collaboration systematic reviews of leading police crime prevention strategies: problem-oriented policing, “hot spots” policing, “pulling levers” policing, and street-level drug enforcement. Larger program effects are not associated with studies with higher involvement on the part of the evaluator (e.g., assisting in strategy design, monitoring implementation, overcoming implementation problems). This study does not find support for the cynical view, which holds that researchers have a personal stake in the program or are pressured to report positive results. Importantly, the evaluator’s involvement in the implementation of the program may be a necessary condition of successfully executed police experiments in complex field settings.
The complexity of object reconciliation, and open problems related to set difference and coding

We explore the connections between the classical problems of set difference and error correction codes, motivated by some recent results on Invertible Bloom Filters (communication-efficient set difference) and Biff Codes (fast error correction coding based on set difference). In particular, we seek to understand how these results generalize to settings where many parties communicate over a network represented by a graph, and the goal is for the parties to reconcile the objects owned by each, for some suitable definition of reconcile. Our general framework encompasses standard problems such as rumor spreading and network coding. We suggest that generalizing to other objects such as sequences with other measures such as edit distance may lead to a theory of reconciling objects over graphs. Such a theory may have practical consequences for modern cloud-based deployments.
Disturbance-mediated trophic interactions and plant performance

Disturbances, such as flooding, play important roles in determining community structure. Most studies of disturbances focus on the direct effects and, hence, the indirect effects of disturbances are poorly understood. Within terrestrial riparian areas, annual flooding leads to differences in the arthropod community as compared to non-flooded areas. In turn, these differences are likely to alter the survival, growth, and reproduction of plant species via an indirect effect of flooding (i.e., changes in herbivory patterns). To test for such effects, an experiment was conducted wherein arthropod predators and herbivores were excluded from plots in flooded and non-flooded areas and the impact on a common riparian plant, Mimulus guttatus was examined. In general, the direct effect of flooding on M. guttatus was positive. The indirect effects, however, significantly decreased plant survival for both years of the experiment, regardless of predator presence, because of an increased exposure to grasshoppers, the most abundant herbivore in the non-flooded sites. Leafhoppers, which were more abundant in the flooded sites, had much weaker and varying effects. During 2000, when the leafhopper herbivory was high, arthropod predators did not significantly reduce damage to plants. In 2001, the mean herbivory damage was lower and predators were able to significantly reduce overall leafhopper damage. The effects of predators on leafhoppers, however, did not increase plant survival, final weight, or the reproduction potential and, thus, did not initiate a species-level trophic cascade. Overall, it was the differences in the herbivore community that led to a significant decrease in plant survival. While flooding certainly alters riparian plant survival through direct abiotic effects, it also indirectly affects riparian plants by changing the arthropod community, in particular herbivores, and hence trophic interactions.
Synthesis, reactivity and conformational stability of an L-phenylalanine derived oxadiazinanone

Abstract An l -phenylalanine derived oxadiazinanone bearing an isopropyl group at the N4-position was prepared and acylated with either hydrocinnamoyl or propanoyl chloride. These oxadiazinanones were utilized in titanium-mediated asymmetric aldol reactions with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. The diastereoselectivities observed from these reactions ranged from fair to very good and suggested that the N4-isopropyl- l -phenylalanine based oxadiazinanones are conformationally and configurationally stable at the N4-nitrogen.
The association of African Americans' perceptions of neighborhood crime and drugs with mental illness.

Background Many African Americans are socioeconomically disadvantaged and live in neighborhoods containing chronic sources of stress. Although environmental stressors can contribute to the development of mental illness, there is a paucity of national studies examining the association of neighborhood crime and drug problems with psychiatric disorders. This study aims to determine if higher levels of perceived neighborhood problems are associated with greater prevalence of 12-month and lifetime psychiatric disorders among African Americans.
An em algorithm for fitting two-level structural equation models.

Maximum likelihood is an important approach to analysis of two-level structural equation models. Different algorithms for this purpose have been available in the literature. In this paper, we present a new formulation of two-level structural equation models and develop an EM algorithm for fitting this formulation. This new formulation covers a variety of two-level structural equation models. As a result, the proposed EM algorithm is widely applicable in practice. A practical example illustrates the performance of the EM algorithm and the maximum likelihood statistic.
Automated apnoea detection by computer: analysis of tracheal breath sounds.

Recent interest in the occurrence of sleep apnoea has brought about the development of several methods of detecting apnoeas. Complete polygraphic evaluation of sleep involves considerable equipment, expense, and personnel time for the collection and analysis of the data. Not infrequently these results will indicate that a patient has an insufficient number of apnoeic events to clinically impair health, thus yielding little information at great expense. This being the case, an automated method of reliably evaluating patients for sleep apnoea using a minimum of apnoea detection equipment and personnel time would be clinically useful. Such a method has been devised, using tracheal sound as the physiological indicator of apnoea. Treacheal sound is monitored by a microcomputer, which detects periods of low tracheal sound corresponding to a lack of airflow. Periods of low tracheal sound which last 10 s or longer are recorded overnight and stored for review by the user at any time. This tracheal sound method of apnoea detection has been compared with data obtained during polygraphic sleep studies utilising thermistors to detect airflow and an ear oximeter to monitor arterial oxygen saturation. The results compare favorably, and although tracheal sound detection introduces some error into apnoea detection, it can be seen that tracheal sound detection can be a useful screening tool to indicate patients in need of more detailed sleep study.
Monte Carlo calculation of backscattering enhancement for a randomly rough grating

A Monte Carlo calculation of diffuse scattered intensity of p-polarized light from a randomly rough Ag grating shows enhancement in the backward direction, as predicted in perturbation theory by the selective summation of maximally crossed diagrams for the resonantly excited surface polaritons.
From The Miners’ Doublehouse: Archaeology and Landscape in A Pennsylvania Coal Company Town

Deindustrialization has greatly impacted the American landscape, leading to the wholesale erasure of sites of heavy industry and their associated domestic, public, and commercial structures. Recove...
Trimethylsilyl group migration in the mass spectra of trimethylsilyl ethers of cholesterol oxidation products. product ion characterization by linked-scan tandem mass spectrometry.

Loss of the A ring in the electron-impact mass spectra of the trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives of several cholesterol oxidation products is accompanied by intramolecular migration of the 3-O-TMS group to the charge-retaining portion of the molecule. Linked-scan techniques (B/E and B2/E) were used to establish the fragmentation processes leading to the formation of the rearrangement ion. The TMS group appears to migrate to heteroatomic sites in the 5-; 6-, or 7-positions of the B ring. This structural assignment is supported by isotopic labeling studies and collision-induced dissociation of the resulting product ion.
Reduction of wing rock amplitudes using leading-edge vortex manipulations

A mechanically operated leading edge flap system was used to perturb leading edge vortex position on a free-to-roll double-delta wing. The motion of the flaps was synchronized with the wing rolling oscillations and the effect of the phase shift between the oscillations of the wing and the flaps was investigated. Experimental results indicated that this simple approach was effective in reducing the amplitude of the unintended rolling motion and its implementation to actual airplane configurations is rather simple.
“Call the police, okay?”: Social comparison by young children during play in preschool†

The paper describes and analyzes several examples, drawn from an on‐going research investigation, to examine various situations in which young children use social comparison to elicit understanding from a peer due to cognitive uncertainty. Data is drawn from naturalistic observations of 3,4, and 5‐year‐old children, enrolled in three classrooms of two nursery schools, serving predominantly white, middle class families. The children used social comparison for a variety of discoursal functions: to seek information, agreement, permission, compliance, verbal responsiveness and attention. The children were socially competent. On the whole, they accurately “sized up” a social situation, and successfully elicited verbal feedback from a peer that could be used to check their understanding. †The research reported here was funded by a grant from the Maris M. and Mary Higgins Proffitt Endowment, Indiana University, Bloomington. I would like to express my appreciation to Mary Beth Childers for assisting with data col...