cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rapid tryptophan depletion plus a serotonin 1A agonist: competing effects on sleep in healthy men.

In the present study, we hypothesized that the REM-suppressing effects of 5-HT1A receptor stimulation would counteract the REM-disinhibiting effects of rapid tryptophan depletion (RTD), and vice versa. We administered RTD plus ipsapirone (10 mg, p.o.) or RTD plus placebo to 10 healthy men. In contrast to our previous findings but partially consistent with other studies, RTD in combination with placebo did not produce a significant enhancement of any REM sleep measure. The combination of RTD and ipsapirone produced a significant suppression of REM sleep that was remarkably similar to the effect of ipsapirone alone. These data appear to deepen the mystery of variable and inconsistent RTD-induced responses in healthy subjects. In the case of REM sleep measures, this differs markedly from the consistent RTD-induced REM-disinhibiting effect seen in medicated depressed patients.
Case Report: Mycosis Fungoides: Carcinogens and Cerebral Involvement

Three patients with mycosis fungoides, who were long-term employees of a manufacturer of solid fuel propellants, were seen. Two of these patients had tumorous involvement of the central nervous system, which was successfully treated with radiation therapy. The potential relationship of carcinogens is discussed.
A simple method to measure wire tensions in multiwire chambers

Abstract A simple, inexpensive method for determining wire tensions in MWCs is described. It has been developed to work on closed chambers, or where access to chamber is difficult. The method uses a minimal amount of electronics, and may also be employed from a remote location.
Developmentally regulated expression of adrenal 17 alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome P450 in the mouse embryo.

Corticosterone is the major circulating glucocorticoid in adult mice and rats, and this is explained, in part, by the absence of 17 alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome P450 (P450c17) in adrenal glands of these rodents. During embryonic development, however, we discovered transient expression of P450c17 in a subset of adrenocortical cells in the fetal mouse adrenal. This differs from cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 and adrenodoxin, which are expressed continuously in most fetal adrenocortical cells from onset of expression at embryonic days 11-12 (E11-12) until term. Adrenal P450c17 transcripts are detectable in situ at E12.5 and increase in abundance from E12.5 to E14.5. Transcripts are then lost between E16.5 and term (E18.5) and are undetectable in situ in adrenal glands of adult mice. These results are consistent with the presence of pregnenolone 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity in adrenal homogenates of fetal but not adult mice. By using polymerase chain reaction, we determined that murine fetal...
Convergence and Segregation of the Multiple Rod Pathways in Mammalian Retina

Using a multidisciplinary approach, we demonstrate that three different pathways are responsible for the transmission of rod signals across the mouse retina. Each pathway serves a primarily nonoverlapping range of stimulus intensities, with ganglion cells receiving either segregated or convergent inputs. For both on-center (ON) and off-center (OFF) ganglion cells, the primary rod pathway carries signals with the lowest threshold, whereas the secondary rod pathway is less sensitive by approximately 1 log unit. In addition, OFF signaling uses a tertiary rod pathway that is approximately 1 log unit less sensitive than the secondary. Although some ganglion cells received rod inputs exclusively from one of the pathways, others showed convergent inputs. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches, we defined classes of ON and OFF ganglion cells for which the scotopic inputs derive only from the primary pathway or from both primary and secondary pathways. In addition, we observed a class of OFF ganglion cell receiving mixed input from primary and tertiary pathways. Interestingly, OFF ganglion cells receiving convergent inputs from all three rod pathways or from the secondary and tertiary pathways together were never observed. Overall, our data show a complex arrangement of convergence and segregation of rod inputs to ganglion cells in the mammalian retina.
Mortality in pediatric HIV: causes and contributing factors in the P2C2 study ♦ 732

A multicenter longitudinal study to assess the natural history of cardiac and pulmonary complications of vertically transmitted HIVenrolled 806 infants of HIV+ mothers. 205 were HIV+ at enrollment (I), 601 were enrolled prenatally or immediately postnatally; of this latter group 92 (15.3%) became HIV+ (IIa), 454 HIV- (IIb), and HIVstatus is unknown for 55 (IIi). There have been 105 deaths in study patients. Only 33/105 (31%) had autopsies. Because of the low autopsy rate and the need to determine cause of death in all, a multidisciplinary committee reviewed and categorized all deaths. Review is complete in 71/105 (68%). Nineteen deaths were in infants 5. Fifty-eight deaths were HIV related, 9 were not, in 4 there was insufficient information to categorize death. Of the 58 HIVrelated deaths, 8 were in infants 5. For the youngest, 6/8 had infectious deaths, 2/8 hemorrhagic. Contributing factors included chronic pulmonary disease and chronic cardiac disease in one each; none had MAI or encephalopathy. Of deaths between 1 and 5 years 18/34 were infectious, 6/34 wasting, 3/34 cardiac, 2 each pancreatitis, encephalopathy, and tumor (a third with malignancy had an infectious death), and 1 with DIC. Contributing factors included 20/34 chronic lung disease, 18/34 chronic cardiac disease (11 both), 13/34 MAI, 10/34 encephalopathy, and 24/34 wasting. Of the oldest (>5 years) 7/16 had infectious deaths, 4/16 cardiac, 3/16 wasting, 1/16 organ failure and 1/16 encephalopathy. Contributing factors included 8/16 chronic lung disease, 9/16 chronic cardiac disease (5/16 both), 8/16 MAI, 5/16 encephalopathy, 15/16 wasting. In conclusion, infectious deaths were common, 31/58 (53%), more so in younger children; non-infectious deaths included 7/58 (12%) cardiac, more frequent in older children. Wasting, MAI, and encephalopathy all increased with age as primary and contributory causes of death with wasting being nearly universal in older children. Evidence of chronic cardiac and pulmonary disease also increased with age; chronic cardiac disease was seen in 28/58 (48%) and 29/58(50%) had chronic lung disease.
Abstinence following Alcohol Drinking Produces Depression-Like Behavior and Reduced Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Mice

Alcoholism and depression show high degrees of comorbidity. Clinical evidence also indicates that depression that emerges during abstinence from chronic alcohol use has a greater negative impact on relapse than pre-existing depression. Although no single neurobiological mechanism can account for the behavioral pathologies associated with these devastating disorders, converging evidence suggests that aspects of both alcoholism and depression are linked to reductions in hippocampal neurogenesis. Here, we report results from a novel preclinical behavioral model showing that abstinence from voluntary alcohol drinking leads to the emergence of depression-like behavior and reductions in neurogenesis. C57BL/6J mice were allowed to self-administer ethanol (10% v/v) vs H2O in the home cage for 28 days. Alcohol was then removed for 1 or 14 days, and mice were tested in the forced swim test to measure depression-like behavior. After 14 days, but not 1 day of abstinence from alcohol drinking, mice showed a significant increase in depression-like behavior. The significant increase in depression-like behavior during abstinence was associated with a reduction in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and doublecortin (DCX) immunoreactivity in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus indicating that both the number of proliferating neural progenitor cells (NPC) and immature neurons were reduced, respectively. The number of NPCs that were labeled with bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU) at the beginning of alcohol exposure was not altered indicating that survival of NPCs is not linked to abstinence-induced depression. Chronic treatment (14 days) with the antidepressant desipramine during abstinence prevented both the emergence of depression-like behavior and the reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis indicating that abstinence-induced depression is associated with structural plasticity in the hippocampus. Overall, the results of this study support the conclusion that profound functional (ie behavioral) and structural changes occur during abstinence from alcohol use and suggest that antidepressant treatment may alleviate some of these pathological neurobehavioral adaptations.
Solid phase amorphization and crystallization in multilayer and bilayer Rh-Si thin films

Abstract Solid phase amorphization in multilayer structures consisting of alternating layers of crystalline Rh and amorphous Si thin films and in a bilayer structure consisting of a crystalline Rh thin film deposited on a [100] oriented single crystal Si wafer have been studied by in situ resistivity measurement and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. In both of the structures, amorphous alloys of Rh and Si form upon heating from 120 to 250 °C. The metastability of the amorphous alloy as measured by the crystallization temperature depends on the alloy composition and the initial layer thickness of Rh and Si. The amorphous alloy that has a composition close to that of RhSi is quite stable and has a crystallization temperature of around 450 °C. Its kinetics of solid state amorphization and crystallization have been measured and are discussed.
Bisphenol A: Perinatal exposure and body weight

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a component of polycarbonate and other plastics including resins that line food and beverage containers. BPA is known to leach from products in contact with food and drink, and is therefore thought to be routinely ingested. In a recent cross sectional study, BPA was detected in urine samples from 92.6% of the US population examined. The potential for BPA to influence body weight is suggested by in vitro studies demonstrating effects of BPA on adipocyte differentiation, lipid accumulation, glucose transport and adiponectin secretion. Data from in vivo studies have revealed dose-dependent and sex dependent effects on body weight in rodents exposed perinatally to BPA. The mechanisms through which perinatal BPA exposure acts to exert persistent effects on body weight and adiposity remain to be determined. Possible targets of BPA action are discussed.
Reactive oxygen species and the regulation of cell death by the Bcl-2 gene family

The maintenance of homeostasis in normal tissues reflects a balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Bcl-2 inaugurated a new category of oncogenes, regulators of cell death. The Bcl-2 gene was identified at the chromosomal breakpoint of t(14;18) bearing B cell lymphomas. Bcl-2 proved unique by blocking programmed cell death rather than promoting proliferation. In adults, Bcl-2 is topographically restricted to progenitor cells and longlived cells but is much more widespread in the developing embryo. Transgenic mice that overexpress Bcl-2 demonstrate extended cell survival, and progress to high grade lymphomas. Bcl-2 has been localized to mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membranes, also the sites of reactive oxygen species generation. Bcl-2 does not appear to influence the generation of oxygen free radicals but does prevent oxidative damage to cellular constituents including lipid membranes. Bcl-2 deficient mice complete embryonic development but undergo fulminant lymphoid apoptosis of thymus and spleen. Moreover, they demonstrate two unexpected pathologies resulting from cell death, polycystic kidney disease and hair hypopigmentation. The latter is a potential oxidant injury from the melanin biosynthetic pathway. A family of Bcl-2 related genes is emerging that includes Bax, a conserved homolog that heterodimerizes in vivo with Bcl-2 and promotes cell death. The ratio of family members, such as Bcl-2/Bax, determines the survival or death of cells following an apoptotic stimulus.
Presentation is Everything: Foodways, Tablewares, and Colonial Identity at Presidio Los Adaes

Ceramics and zooarchaeological remains are commonly used as indicators of status and wealth at colonial-period sites, yet colonial expectations with regard to cuisine were often difficult to meet within the rigors of frontier life. In this paper, we juxtapose faunal and ceramic assemblages from Presidio Los Adaes and, informed by ethnohistorical and visual data, investigate how social expectations with regard to foodways were negotiated on the Spanish colonial frontier. While ceramic evidence suggests that tableware varied among households, the zooarchaeological assemblage indicates that Los Adaes residents shared the same basic diet.
A simple technique for determination of footfall patterns of animals during treadmill locomotion

This paper describes a direct on-line electronic method for determination of the quadrupedal footfall patterns of animals during locomotion. This technique involves the application of a 30 kHz AC carrier signal to a conductive treadmill belt. The time of contact of each paw on the belt is determined by recording the increased conduction of these carrier signals from the treadmill surface through the footpads to monopolar electrodes implanted in each limb. Since the carrier signal frequency is very high, filters may be employed to electronically separate this signal from electromyographic signals simultaneously obtained through the same electrodes. In comparison with the cinematographic methods typically used for analysis of footfall patterns, this technique is less time consuming, is just as accurate and also yields signals which can be used for on-line triggering applications.
Mental Processes and Strategic Equilibration: An fMRI Study of Selling Strategies in Second Price Auctions

This study is the first to attempt to isolate a relationship between cognitive activity and equilibration to a Nash Equilibrium. Subjects, while undergoing fMRI scans of brain activity, participated in second price auctions against a single competitor following predetermined strategy that was unknown to the subject. For this auction there is a unique strategy that will maximize the subjects’ earnings, which is also a Nash equilibrium of the associated game theoretic model of the auction. As is the case with all games, the bidding strategies of subjects participating in second price auctions most often do not reflect the equilibrium bidding strategy at first but with experience, typically exhibit a process of equilibration, or convergence toward the equilibrium. This research is focused on the process of convergence. In the data reported here subjects participated in sixteen auctions, after which all subjects were told the strategy that will maximize their revenues, the theoretical equilibrium. Following that announcement, sixteen more auctions were performed. The question posed by the research concerns the mental activity that might accompany equilibration as it is observed in the bidding behavior. Does brain activation differ between being equilibrated and non-equilibrated in the sense of a bidding strategy? If so, are their differences in the location of activation during and after equilibration? We found significant activation in the frontal pole especially in Brodmann’s area 10, the anterior cingulate cortex, the amygdala and the basal forebrain. There was significantly more activation in the basal forebrain and the anterior cingulate cortex during the first sixteen auctions than in the second sixteen. The activity in the amygdala shifted from the right side to the left after the solution was given.
Improve learning efficiency by using general purpose mathematics software in power engineering

The paper describes the use of general-purpose mathematical software "GPMS" as a major advancement in simplifying simulation procedures for junior level engineering studies. GPMS handles general and specific mathematical formulas and is packed with a vast array of codes to perform many scientific and engineering functions in an interactive mode. In order for the student to interact positively, the numerical examples in the textbook must be converted into an interactive media to support the theory and provide a deeper understanding of the physical phenomena. By this method, the students enhance their problem-solving abilities with minimal programming skills. By using examples, the paper presents an approach to computer-aided problem solving methods for junior level courses. The methods described in the paper have proven to be of value to students studying electric machines and power engineering at Arizona State University.
The Relation between Consensus and Accuracy in Low‐to‐Moderate Accuracy Tasks: An Auditing Example

This study examines the relation between consensus and accuracy using an error frequency estimation task for which auditors' overall accuracy is known to be low to moderate. We also investigate whether experience moderates the relation between consensus and accuracy for the three industries examined: manufacturing, natural resources, and banking. We find that accuracy is positively related to consensus for all auditors in manufacturing and for auditors with more than 12 (36) months of experience in natural resources (banking). For banking and natural resources, we provide evidence that auditors with little experience in these industries use a heuristic consistent with manufacturing error frequencies as an “educated guess” for the specialized industries' error frequencies. This heuristic leads to consensus among auditors, but results in low accuracy. The results are important for auditing practice and research since reliance on high consensus as a surrogate for accuracy may prove inefficient or, worse, ine...
Application-specific instruction generation for configurable processor architectures

Designing an application-specific embedded system in nanometer technologies has become more difficult than ever due to the rapid increase in design complexity and manufacturing cost. Efficiency and flexibility must be carefully balanced to meet different application requirements. The recently emerged configurable and extensible processor architectures offer a favorable tradeoff between efficiency and flexibility, and a promising way to minimize certain important metrics (e.g., execution time, code size, etc.) of the embedded processors. This paper addresses the problem of generating the application-specific instructions to improve the execution speed for configurable processors. A set of algorithms, including pattern generation, pattern selection, and application mapping, are proposed to efficiently utilize the instruction set extensibility of the target configurable processor. Applications of our approach to several real-life benchmarks on the Altera Nios processor show encouraging performance speedup (2.75X on average and up to 3.73X in some cases).
Phorbol ester-stimulated stellation in primary cultures of astrocytes from different brain regions.

Stellation is the process by which astrocytes change from epithelial-like to process-bearing cells. Stellation occurs following activation of either cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase or protein kinase C. This process occurs through tubulin-dependent rearrangement of the cytoskeleton. We have evaluated the ability of phorbol, 12-myristate, 13-acetate (PMA) to induce astrocyte stellation. Astrocytes from five brain regions (cerebellum, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, diencephalon, and brain-stem) were examined to determine if all astrocytes would exhibit similar responses to this activator of protein kinase C. Stellation was evaluated following cell fixation by either phase optics using conventional light microscop, or scanning laser confocal light microscopy of cultures prepared using immunocytochemistry for tubulin and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Both the number of cells responding to PMA and the sensitivity to PMA varied for astrocytes from each brain region. PMA-induced stellation was most robust in cerebellar and brainstem astrocytes, with greater than 70% responding. Less than 40% of hippocampal and diencephalic astrocytes responded to PMA at the maximum does (10−5 M). PMA also induced different numbers of processes or branching patterns of processes on astrocytes from different brain regions. The protein kinase C induced stellation response in astrocytes supports the hypothesis that astrocytes contribute to neural plasticity. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An evaluation study to assess the potential use of Renamil (formerly named Ren‐o‐mil) for patients with chronic renal failure

Background: Renamil has been formulated as a milk substitute/nutritional supplement for renal patients. This 3-month study of 16 selected patients, six with chronic renal failure, six on chronic intermittent haemodialysis and four on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), was carried out to evaluate the potential use of Renamil within these patient groups. Methods: An initial dose was recommended and advice provided on the use of Renamil. Palatability and acceptability of the product were assessed by questionnaire. The patients» serum biochemistry and nutritional status were monitored. The prescription of Renamil was adjusted during the trial according to individual dietary requirements, fluid allowance and product tolerance. Results: Ten patients (62.5%) completed the trial. Palatability and ease of use were important factors. Renamil was used in a wide variety of ways and compared favourably with other milk substitutes/nutritional supplements. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that Renamil (until recently named Ren-o-mil) does have a role in the nutritional support of renal patients. It is the only milk substitute that has been specifically designed for renal patients. Its formulation makes it useful for the majority of pre-dialysis patients, a smaller but significant proportion of haemodialysis patients, but only a limited number of patients on CAPD.
Extrusion of feather keratin

Keratin obtained from poultry feathers was extruded at 120°C using a combination of glycerol, water, and sodium sulfite as processing aids. Rheological proper- ties were assessed as a function of water, glycerol, and sodium sulfite content as well as extruder die temperature. The lowest viscosity blends at a constant feather keratin concentration of 60 wt % were found at glycerol concentra- tions that were higher than the water concentration and sodium sulfite concentrations of 3- 4 wt % of the feather keratin fraction. For the melt state, higher or lower sodium sulfite concentrations resulted in increased viscosity. In the solid state, it was observed that processing induced orien- tation increased the tensile properties of the extrudates. Raman spectroscopy and DSC showed that there was a transition from -helix to -sheet at sodium sulfite concen- trations of less than 4 wt %. At greater sodium sulfite con- centration, increased crystallinity was found, because kera- tin chains could be extended more during processing. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1432-1442, 2006
Sex Differences in Stroke Severity, Symptoms, and Deficits After First-ever Ischemic Stroke

Objective: The purpose of the study was to assess whether there were sex differences in stroke severity, infarct characteristics, symptoms, or the symptoms-deficit relationship at the time of acute stroke presentation. Methods: In a prospective study of 505 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke (the Ischemic Stroke Genetics Study), stroke subtype was centrally adjudicated and infarcts were characterized by imaging. Deficits were assessed by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and stroke symptoms were assessed using a structured interview. Kappa statistics were generated to assess agreement between the NIHSS and the structured interview, and a Chi square test was used to assess agreement between the NIHSS and the structured interview by sex. Results: In all, 276 patients (55%) were men and 229 (45%) were women. Ages ranged from 19 to 94 years (median, 65 years). The mean (±SD) NIHSS score of 3.8 (±4.5) for men and 4.3 (±5.2) for women was similar ( P = .15). No sex difference was observed for the symptoms of numbness, visual deficits, or language. Weakness occurred in a greater proportion of women (69%) than men (59%) ( P = .03). Stroke subtype did not differ significantly between sexes ( P = .79). Infarct size and location were similar for each sex. The association between symptoms and neurologic deficits did not differ by sex. Conclusions: We found no sex difference in stroke severity, stroke subtype, or infarct size and location in patients with incident ischemic stroke. A greater proportion of women presented with weakness; however, similar proportions of men and women presented with other traditional stroke symptoms.
Does Cell Shape Determine Cell Fate

Different types of cells, i.e. from different tissues, typically look quite different from each other. Even when cultured on two-dimensional surfaces like glass slides or tissue culture polystyrene under identical conditions, cells adopt different shapes. These shapes are in general functions of the cytoskeletal properties of those cells, itself a subset of what we call the “state” of the cell. Moreover the changes in cell shape upon perturbation of the surface or of the cells themselves should reflect their intrinsic cellular properties, i.e. the cell state. Significant evidence has accumulated that changes in shape can also alter cellular properties, at least for some cells. Our experiments suggest that for Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), shape perturbations have consequences for their differentiation into osteoblasts. Thus shape seemed linked to fate. These statements beg the question: is it possible to use cell shape to assess cell state? For example can we back-calculate the cytoskeletal properties of the cell from the way it looks on surfaces? This question becomes all the more interesting for cancer cells since cancer cells are known to have altered mechanical properties compared to normal cells, and invasive cancer cells appear to have altered mechanical properties compared to non-invasive cancer cells. In this work we present a combination of experiments and statistical data analysis to try to begin to understand how cell shapes are affected by changes in surface properties or by perturbations of the cytoskeleton. We use fluorescent imaging to obtain the two-dimensional profile of cells and novel Third Harmonic Generation methods to obtain three-dimensional images on cells on substrates. We use these experiments to infer how the cell shape of cancer cells could be associated with their invasive properties. We discuss some rudimentary mathematical models based on these results.
Everyday Loyalties and Betrayals in Personal Relationships

Scholars typically have conceptualized loyalty (and its opposite, betrayal) as a manifestation of individual dispositions of a state-like or trait-like nature. By contrast, the present study takes a dialectical perspective, arguing that loyalty is a social experience in which relationship parties face a cross-current of competing and oppositional loyalty demands. As a consequence, when parties are loyal to one relational expectation they simultaneously are likely to be disloyal to another expectation. Two-hundred and seventy-three informants provided accounts of everyday competing loyalties of two kinds for a friendship and for a romantic relationship: external competing loyalties in which one faces a dilemma between the relationship and some other demand outside the boundary of the dyad; and internal competing loyalties in which one faces a dilemma between one relational expectation and another within the boundary of the dyad. We analyzed the 1092 accounts using the constant comparative method, resulting...
Fluctuations of water‐level in wells in the Los Angeles basin, California, during five strong earthquakes, 1933–1940

Numerous ground-water hydrologists have obtained records of water-level surges in wells during earthquakes and of heightened or lowered levels after those earthquakes. Many of these surges and changes of level are undoubtedly direct effects of the several earthquake-waves that are recorded on seismographs. Thus, water-level recorders on observation-wells promise to afford a means of extending greatly the scope of seismographic records for local areas.
Reconocimiento de la expresión facial de la emoción en mexicanos universitarios

Este estudio explora el reconocimiento de la expresion facial de las emociones en bilingues mexicanos mediante el JACFEE (Marsumoto & aman, 1988). Investigaciones previas evidencian el alto nivel de acuerdo transcultural en el reconocimiento emocional, sin embargo no se reportan estudios en la cultura mexicana. Participaron 229 estudiantes universitarios, edad promedio 21.79 anos. Los resultados indican que las emociones universales: enojo, desprecio, disgusto, temor, felicidad, tristeza y sorpresa fueron reconocidas mas alla del azar (p < .01), independientemente del sexo o nacionalidad del modelo. Estos hallazgos coinciden completamente con los datos transculturales que se tienen sobre el alto nivel de acuerdo en el reconocimiento emocional (Ekman, 1994), contribuyendo asi al creciente cuerpo de evidencia sobre la universalidad de las emociones.
Energy-aware wireless microsensor networks

This article describes architectural and algorithmic approaches that designers can use to enhance the energy awareness of wireless sensor networks. The article starts off with an analysis of the power consumption characteristics of typical sensor node architectures and identifies the various factors that affect system lifetime. We then present a suite of techniques that perform aggressive energy optimization while targeting all stages of sensor network design, from individual nodes to the entire network. Maximizing network lifetime requires the use of a well-structured design methodology, which enables energy-aware design and operation of all aspects of the sensor network, from the underlying hardware platform to the application software and network protocols. Adopting such a holistic approach ensures that energy awareness is incorporated not only into individual sensor nodes but also into groups of communicating nodes and the entire sensor network. By following an energy-aware design methodology based on techniques such as in this article, designers can enhance network lifetime by orders of magnitude.
Effects of 17β-estradiol on radiation transformation in vitro ; inhibition of effects by protease inhibitors

We have investigated the effects of 17 beta-estradiol, given both alone and with X-irradiation, on the induction of malignant transformation in vitro. Treatment with 10(-6)M 17 beta-estradiol for 6 weeks, or 10(-5)M 17 beta-estradiol for only 5 days, induced malignant transformation in C3H 10T1/2 cells. Estradiol also acted as a cocarcinogen for X-ray induced transformation; the results indicate an additive effect when the cells were exposed to both agents together. The protease inhibitors antipain and leupeptin suppressed estradiol induced transformation as well as the additive effect observed for estradiol-radiation transformation.
A Population of Multipotent CD34-Positive Adipose Stromal Cells Share Pericyte and Mesenchymal Surface Markers, Reside in a Periendothelial Location, and Stabilize Endothelial Networks

It has been shown that stromal–vascular fraction isolated from adipose tissues contains an abundance of CD34+ cells. Histological analysis of adipose tissue revealed that CD34+ cells are widely distributed among adipocytes and are predominantly associated with vascular structures. The majority of CD34+ cells from freshly isolated stromal–vascular fraction were CD31−/CD144− and could be separated from a distinct population of CD34+/CD31+/CD144+ (endothelial) cells by differential attachment on uncoated plastic. The localization of CD34+ cells within adipose tissue suggested that the nonendothelial population of these cells occupied a pericytic position. Analysis of surface and intracellular markers of the freshly isolated CD34+/CD31−/CD144− adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) showed that >90% coexpress mesenchymal (CD10, CD13, and CD90), pericytic (chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, CD140a, and CD140b), and smooth muscle (α-actin, caldesmon, and calponin) markers. ASCs demonstrated polygonal self-assembly ...
The Learning Way

Contemporary research on meta-cognition has reintroduced conscious experience into psychological research on learning and stimulated a fresh look at classical experiential learning scholars who gave experience a central role in the learning process - William James, John Dewey, Kurt Lewin, Carl Rogers, and Paulo Freire. In particular James's contributions are foundational for experiential learning and research on meta-cognition. Research on meta-cognition and the role it plays in the learning process are described. The meta-cognitive model is used to describe how fundamental concepts of experiential learning theory - a learning self-identity, the learning spiral, learning style, and learning spaces - can guide meta-cognitive monitoring and control of learning. Meta-cognitive strategies to help individuals improve their learning effectiveness are outlined. Learners can chart their path on the learning way by developing their meta-cognitive learning capacities, and educators can pave the way by placing learning about learning on the agenda of their educational programs.
Functional Broadside Tests Under an Expanded Definition of Functional Operation Conditions

The functional operation of a synchronous sequential circuit is defined to start after the circuit is initialized to a known state, typically by a synchronizing sequence. The states that the circuit can visit after it is synchronized are called reachable states, and functional operation consists of state transitions between reachable states. We expand the definition of functional operation to include all the state transitions that may be traversed during the application of the synchronizing sequence. This adds certain state transitions that involve unreachable states to the definition of functional operation. Expanding the definition of functional operation is justified by the fact that the circuit needs to be designed for correct operation during the synchronization process. It is advantageous when functional broadside tests are used to avoid overtesting. We study the effect of the expanded definition on the coverage of transition faults.
Preserving privacy in social network integration with τ-tolerance

Social network analysis and mining is very useful for law enforcement and intelligence to extract criminals or terrorists interaction patterns and identify their roles in the organizations [1][2][3]. Due to the privacy concerns, social network data is usually captured within a law enforcement or intelligence unit without sharing with other units. As a result, the utility of social network analysis is diminished when the social network data within an individual unit is incomplete. In this project, the objectives are sharing the insensitive and generalized information to support social network analysis and mining but preserving the privacy at the same time. We ensure that a prescribed level of privacy leakage tolerance is satisfied. The measurement of the privacy leakage is independent to the privacy preserving techniques of integrating social network data.
eBooks with indexes that reorganize conceptually

Subject indexes were an important step forward for books because they enabled the comparison and correlations of information without extensive reading, re-reading and memorization. In this short paper, we focus on the user interaction and usage scenario of a new system called ScentIndex that enhances the subject index of an eBook by conceptually reorganizing it to suit particular information needs. Users first enter information needs via keywords describing the concepts they are trying to retrieve and comprehend. ScentIndex then computes what index entries are conceptually related, and reorganizes and displays these index entries on a single page.
Effective, automatic procedure extraction

Legacy code can often be made more understandable and maintainable by extracting out selected sets of statements to form procedures and replacing the extracted code with procedure calls. Sets of statements that are noncontiguous and/or include non-local jumps (caused by go-tos, breaks, continues, etc.) can be difficult to extract, and usually cause previous automatic-extraction algorithms to fail or to produce poor results. The chief contributions of this paper are a semantics-preserving algorithm for extracting "difficult" sets of statements, and a study that compares the algorithm both to an ideal extractor (a human) and to previously reported automatic approaches. We found that "difficult" examples do arise frequently in practice, and that our algorithm is a significant improvement over previous work, achieving ideal results on over 70% of the difficult cases.
Distributed supervisory protection interlock system SLC acceleration

The distributed supervisory protection interlock (DSPI) system is under development at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center for requirements in the areas of personnel protection, beam containment, and equipment protection interlocks. The DSPI system, distributed over the application site, consists of segments with microprocessor-based controller and I/O (input/output) modules, local area networks for communication, and a global supervisor computer. Segments are implemented with commercially available controller and I/O modules arranged in local interlock clusters, and associated software. Segments provide local interlock data acquisition, processing, and control. Local area networks provide the communication backbone between segments and a global supervisor processor. The supervisor processor monitors the overall system, reports detail status, and provides human interfaces. Details of an R&D test system which will implement the requirements for personnel protection of four typical linear accelerator sectors are presented. >
Salivary biomarker levels and diurnal variation: associations with medications prescribed to control children's problem behavior

This study examined associations between medications prescribed to control children's problem behaviors and levels of, and diurnal variation in, salivary cortisol (C), testosterone (T), and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Saliva was collected in the morning, midday, and afternoon from 432 children ages 6–13 years. Relative to a no-medication comparison group, children taking (1) antipsychotics had higher DHEA levels and flat C diurnal rhythms, (2) Ritalin® or Adderall® had flat T diurnal rhythms, (3) Concerta® had higher T and DHEA levels, (4) antidepressants had flat DHEA diurnal rhythms, and (5) hypotensives had flat DHEA diurnal rhythms and higher T levels. Medications prescribed to control children's problem behaviors should be monitored in studies of the endocrine correlates and consequences of developmental psychopathology.
Minimum violations and predictive meta-rankings for college football

This article presents two meta-ranking models that minimize or nearly minimize violations of past game results while predicting future game winners as well as or better than leading current systems—a combination never before offered for college football. Key to both is the development and integration of a highly predictive ensemble probability model generated from the analysis of 36 existing college football ranking systems. This ensemble model is used to determine a target ranking that is used in two versions of a hierarchical multiobjective mixed binary integer linear program (MOMBILP). When compared to 75 other systems out-of-sample, one MOMBILP was the leading predictive system while getting within 0.64% of the retrodictive optimum; the other MOMBILP minimized violations while achieving a prediction total that was 2.55% lower than the best mark. For bowls, prediction sums were not statistically significantly different from the leading value, while achieving optimum or near-optimum violation counts. This performance points to these models as potential means of reconciling the contrasting perspectives of predictiveness versus the matching of past performance when it comes to ranking fairness in college football. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 17–33, 2014
The Relationship Between Values, Congruence, And Innovation Capability

Some organizations are highly innovative and successful, while others are less innovative and successful. What are the conditions that are associated with innovativeness? This paper assesses values congruence as one variable which may be present in organizations whose professionals and managers report significant organizational innovativeness. The Innovation Capability Audit and the Values Analysis Worksheet were administered to a group of research participants to determine the relationship between innovation and values congruence. A correlation of .711 was found. This indicates a significant inverse relationship between the two variables being measured, innovation, and values congruence.
Developmental Eyelid Abnormalities

The eyelids perform the vital functions of protecting, lubricating, and cleaning the ocular surface. Alterations in their structure or function may cause vision loss, threaten eye health, and disrupt normal appearance. This chapter discusses developmental eyelid abnormalities, evaluation of these conditions, and management considerations for these disorders.
The Warren Court and Congress: Both Necessary - Neither Sufficient

When we hear the words ‘Warren Court’ and ‘Congress’ most people silently add the word versus – the Warren Court versus Congress. And not without cause. From the Court’s rulings in internal security cases in June 1957 through the last majority opinion delivered by Earl Warren in Powell v. McCormack in June, 1969 the Warren Court often was pitted against a Congress that chafed at judicial intervention and assertions of judicial authority. But in some of the Warren era’s most important rulings, we really ought to insert the words ‘together with’ – the Warren Court together with Congress. This was particularly true of civil rights: Voting rights did not come from the Marble Temple alone; desegregation of public accommodations required an Act of Congress together with court rulings; and inroads against segregated housing only happened when Congress acted together with the court. The words together with are carefully chosen: the Court was not collaborating with Congress. In some instances one institution built on the work of the other while in other cases one institution shaped, framed, influenced and constrained the other. Their medium of communication was constitutional and statutory interpretation and precedent – both legislative and judicial.This paper examines three very different ways in which the words ‘together with’ fit between Warren Court and Congress in an effort not only to learn more about an important chapter in American political history, but also to contribute to a broader theory of the cross-institutional role and function of precedent. Call these (1) The Strange Case of Judicial Precedent as Sword – and Shield; (2) The Case of the Congressional Exploitation of Judicial Precedent – and its limits; and (3) The Case of the Judicial Exploitation of Legislative Precedent.
Meningoencephalitis and laboratory evidence of triple infection with California encephalitis virus, Echovirus II, and mumps.

This report emphasizes that in acute central nervous system disease, multiple viral agents may be implicated in the same patient. A 6-year-old girl with meningoencephalitis had laboratory evidence for simultaneous or closely spaced infections with California encephalitis virus, echovirus type 11, and mumps. Documentation of the finding of triple viral infection was based on at least two laboratory findings for each agent. The patient lived in an area where California encephalitis was prevalent.
Network-Based Enriched Gene Subnetwork Identification: A Game-Theoretic Approach.

Identifying subsets of genes that jointly mediate cancer etiology, progression, or therapy response remains a challenging problem due to the complexity and heterogeneity in cancer biology, a problem further exacerbated by the relatively small number of cancer samples profiled as compared with the sheer number of potential molecular factors involved. Pure data-driven methods that merely rely on multiomics data have been successful in discovering potentially functional genes but suffer from high false-positive rates and tend to report subsets of genes whose biological interrelationships are unclear. Recently, integrative data-driven models have been developed to integrate multiomics data with signaling pathway networks in order to identify pathways associated with clinical or biological phenotypes. However, these approaches suffer from an important drawback of being restricted to previously discovered pathway structures and miss novel genomic interactions as well as potential crosstalk among the pathways. In this article, we propose a novel coalition-based game-theoretic approach to overcome the challenge of identifying biologically relevant gene subnetworks associated with disease phenotypes. The algorithm starts from a set of seed genes and traverses a protein–protein interaction network to identify modulated subnetworks. The optimal set of modulated subnetworks is identified using Shapley value that accounts for both individual and collective utility of the subnetwork of genes. The algorithm is applied to two illustrative applications, including the identification of subnetworks associated with (i) disease progression risk in response to platinum-based therapy in ovarian cancer and (ii) immune infiltration in triple-negative breast cancer. The results demonstrate an improved predictive power of the proposed method when compared with state-of-the-art feature selection methods, with the added advantage of identifying novel potentially functional gene subnetworks that may provide insights into the mechanisms underlying cancer progression.
Choice of insufflating gas influences on wound metastasis.

Background: Laparoscopic cancer surgery is limited by concerns about port-site metastasis. No study has definitively addressed the behavior and growth of tumor cells after the use of specific laparoscopic gases. Methods: In athymic rats, 10,000 colon cancer cells were injected intraperitoneally. The rats received either no pneumoperitoneum (pneumo) or pneumo (8 mmHg, 10 min) with carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), or air. Two full-thickness incisions were made and closed in the upper abdomen of each animal. After 4 weeks, implants were identified grossly at necropsy, and invasiveness was scored according to penetration through the layers of the abdominal wall. Results: Rats receiving pneumo had more frequent implants (p < 0.01) with deeper penetration (p < 0.001) than rats not receiving pneumo. Implants were more common after air pneumo than after CO 2 (p < 0.05) or N 2 O (p = 0.07) pneumo, and were less penetrating after CO 2 pneumo than after air (p < 0.001) or N 2 O (p < 0.05) pneumo. Conclusions: Carbon dioxide gas may limit the viability and invasiveness of free intraperitoneal tumor cells, as compared with air or N 2 O.