cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of Sensor Covariance Consistency

This paper discusses the meaning of filter and covariance consistency and metrics for quantifying covariance consistency. Methodologies for testing and verifying (monitoring) covariance consistency will be explained and contrasted. Possible methodologies with simulated data sets representing hypothetical sensors tracking simulated targets will be demonstrated. One key methodology relies on statistical hypothesis testing of Mahalanobis distances computed for innovation vectors and state vectors. The focus will be on two important contributors to filter inconsistency: sensor bias and a "scaling factor," which can be an important source of inconsistency in a well-behaved unbiased filter. Using these simulated data sets the problems encountered with testing the innovation vectors in the presence of sensor biases will be demonstrated, underscoring the need to focus the tests for sensor biases on the state vectors instead. It will also be shown that tests of innovations can be reliable in determining the scaling factor. A way to remove bias effects in consistency tests applied to tracker state vectors will be demonstrated as well.
Effects of nonequilibrium chemistry on electrical properties of solid propellant rocket exhaust plumes

Application of basic chemical kinetic and gasdynamic considerations to the problem of calculating electrical properties of turbulent afterburning exhaust plumes of solid propellant rocket motors is discussed. The sources of free electrons are described, and the importance of incorporating chemical kinetic (rather than thermochemical equilibrium) data is illustrated by reference to several sample calculations. It is shown that for systems in which potassium is the dominant impurity, above-equilibrium electron concentrations are formed, principally via K + C 1 → K + + C 1 - followed by C 1 - + H → H C 1 + e - The free radical concentrations are produced in above-equilibrium concentrations from the H 2 -CO-Cl-O 2 afterburning reactions. Exhaust plume properties are shown to be sensitive to values selected for rate coefficients of several reactions, and the need for more accurate determinations of these rate coefficients is thus demonstrated. The accuracy of the calculations is further limited by uncertainties in the gasdynamics of the turbulent mixing process. Within the limits of error imposed by these uncertainties, however, the model described does account adequately for experimental observations.
Galilean currents and charges

According to Noether's theorem, each symmetry of the dynamics comes with an associated conservation law. Despite the importance of relativity symmetries---i.e., invariances under Galileo or Lorentz boosts---their associated conservation laws are never emphasized. Here we clarify the physical interpretation of such conservation laws: there exists a collective coordinate---the center-of-mass position---that undergoes uniform motion. This does not happen for theories that do not obey a relativity principle. As an application, we derive the Noether currents and charges associated with an internal Galilean invariance $\ensuremath{\pi}(x)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}(x)+{b}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}{x}^{\ensuremath{\mu}}$---a symmetry recently postulated in the context of so-called Galileon theories.
Serum amyloid A overrides Treg anergy via monocyte-dependent and Treg-intrinsic, SOCS3-associated pathways

The acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) has been well characterized as an indicator of inflammation. Nevertheless, its functions in pro versus anti-inflammatory processes remain obscure. Here we provide unexpected evidences that SAA induces the proliferation of the tolerogenic subset of regulatory T cells (Treg). Intriguingly, SAA reverses Treg anergy via its interaction with monocytes to activate distinct mitogenic pathways in Treg but not effector T cells. This selective responsiveness of Treg correlates with their diminished expression of SOCS3 and is antagonized by Treg–specific induction of this regulator of cytokine signaling. Collectively, these evidences suggest a novel anti-inflammatory role of SAA in the induction of a micro-environment that supports Treg expansion at sites of infection or tissue injury, likely to curb (auto)-inflammatory responses.
The process of strategic information planning

Abstract Strategic information planning is the process of identifying a portfolio of computer-based applications. It is a critical undertaking for both information managers and other managers. Organizations typically carry out a multi-step process to create a strategic information plan. Method/1 is an example of such a process. A description of it illustrates the activities and challenges experienced by organizations performing strategic information planning.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Yttrium Oxide Nanotubes

Horn-shaped yttrium oxide nanotubes (“nanohorns”) with base diameters ranging from 450 to 900 nm, tip diameters ranging from 80 to 100 nm, and lengths of 3.9 to 16.5 μm were prepared by electrodeposition on a vapor deposited gold substrate in a nonaqueous medium.
Prognostic significance of hemoglobin level in patients with congestive heart failure and normal ejection fraction.

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown low hemoglobin (Hb) to have an adverse effect on survival in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF); but its effect on survival in patients with CHF and normal EF is not known. HYPOTHESIS This study sought to determine whether low Hb has an effect on survival in patients with both CHF and normal EF. METHODS Detailed chart reviews were performed by medical residents on 2,246 patients (48% with normal EF) with a discharge diagnosis of CHF in a large tertiary care hospital from 1990 to 1999. The CHF diagnosis was validated using the Framingham criteria. Mortality data were obtained from the National Death Index. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models. RESULTS By Kaplan-Meier analysis, low Hb (< 12 gm/dl) compared with normal hemoglobin was associated with a lower 5-year survival in patients with CHF and both normal (38 vs. 50%, p = 0.0008) and reduced (35 vs. 48%, p = 0.0009) EF. Using the Cox regression model, low Hb was an independent predictor of mortality after adjusting for age, gender, renal dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and EF in both groups of patients. CONCLUSION Low Hb has an independent adverse effect on survival in patients with CHF and both normal and reduced EF in both groups of patients.
Persistence to graduate education

This paper examines the process by which students arrive in graduate school by estimating a causal model incorporating measures of socioeconomic background and undergraduate institutional characteristics and experiences. The student's background was found to influence strongly the initial choice of undergraduate institution, but the direct impact of background became nonsignificant as the student progressed through the educational process. However, background variables do affect decisions to enroll in graduate school, although indirectly, through intervening variables. Primary direct influences on graduate school attendance were found from variables associated with the undergraduate experience. Although both academic and social integration are significant for men and women, academic integration has greater influence for men, whereas for women, social integration has a slightly larger effect.
Consumer perception of fat reduction in cheese.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to quantitatively assess the consumer perception of fat reduction in cheese. Choice-based conjoint analysis surveys for Cheddar and mozzarella cheeses (n = 179 and 171 consumers, respectively) were developed using results from focus groups conducted with users and nonusers of lower fat cheeses. Factors investigated were fat content, flavor, texture and price of cheese. Relative importance of product attributes was determined through a realistic trade-off scenario. Consumer acceptance testing (n = 101) was then conducted on Cheddar and mozzarella cheeses with varying levels of fat reduction. Conjoint analysis results suggested that a 2% milk Cheddar cheese would be most appealing among fat reduced Cheddar cheeses and that a part-skim mozzarella would be more appealing than a fat-free mozzarella, and these results were confirmed by consumer acceptance testing. These results confirm that most consumers are not willing to sacrifice flavor or texture for fat reduction in cheeses. Significant changes in flavor and texture are needed for a low-fat Cheddar cheese to have widespread consumer appeal. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS This study found that most consumers are not accepting of lower fat Cheddar or mozzarella cheeses when their flavor and texture are different from the full-fat version of the cheese, even if those differences are small. These results are in contrast to the rise in obesity in the United States, consumer interest in fat-reduced foods and industry and government interest in offering sensible lower fat versions of foods. For a true low-fat version of Cheddar cheese to have widespread consumer appeal, significant changes in flavor and texture are required. These results will help cheese manufacturers understand what changes need to be made in order to successfully develop a lower fat cheese that will appeal to consumers. In addition, if manufacturers are able to provide this product, consumers will be able to purchase and consume a lower fat cheese that they enjoy and feel good about eating.
Habitat suitability modelling of an invasive plant with advanced remote sensing data

Lepidium latifolium (Brassicaceae; perennial pepperweed) is a noxious Eurasian weed invading riparian and wetland areas of the western USA. Understanding which sites are most susceptible to invasion by L. latifolium will allow more efficient management of this weed. We assessed the ability of advanced remote sensing techniques to develop habitat suitability models for L. latifolium. Location San Francisco Bay-Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, California, USA. Methods Lepidium latifolium distribution was mapped with hyperspectral image data of Rush Ranch Open Space Preserve, providing presence-absence data to train and validate habitat models. A high-resolution light detection and ranging digital elevation model was used to derive predictor environmental variables (distance to channel, distance to upland, elevation, slope, aspect and convexity). Aggregate decision tree models were used to predict the potential distribution of this species. Results Lepidium latifolium infested two zones: near the marshland-upland margin and along channels within the marsh. Topographical data, which are typically strongly correlated with wetland species distributions, were relatively unimportant to L. latifolium occurrence, although relevant microtopography information, particularly relative elevation, was subsumed in the distance to channel variable. The map of potential L. latifolium distribution reveals that Rush Ranch contains considerable habitat that it is susceptible to continued invasion. Main conclusions Lepidium latifolium invades relatively less stressful sites along the inundation and salinity gradients. Advanced remote sensing datasets were shown to be sufficient for species distribution modelling. Remote sensing offers powerful tools that deserve wider use in ecological research and management.
ABO and platelet transfusion revisited.

Historically, ABO compatibility between donor and recipicnt has been considered of minor importance for platelet transfusion. However, in a recent ran-domized trial we showed that provision of only ABO-identical platelets was associated with a significantly higher corrected count increment (CCI) in the early transfusions and with a twofold reduction in refractoriness, as compared with platelets given unmatched for ABO. In older studies this phenomenon was not observed. We wondered whether in these previous studies the use of the conventional term “ABO compatible,” whereby ABO-identical platelet transfusions are grouped with those that are merely ABO compatible, might have obscured the advantages of the ABO-identical platelets. In this paper the CCI from our original study are compared with what would have been found had the conventional terminology of “ABO compatible” and “ABO incompatible” been used. In our original study the mean CCI in patients receiving only ABO-identical platelets was 64% higher than that achicved with ABO-unmatched products. However, when the transfusions were reanalyzed according to conventional terminology of ABO “compatible” and “incompatible,” the actual benefits of ABO-identical platelets were no longer detected. Thus, ha dwe used the conventional terminology in the original study we would have come to completely different conclusions about the importance of ABO in platelet transfusion. We hypothesize that transfusion of ABO-incompatible plasma leads to the formation of immune complexes that can destroy compatible platelets by indirect mechanisms. This model predicts that the success of a transfusion could be affected by previous incompatible transfusions. When transfusions were classificd as to whether they were first, second, or third unmatched transfusion, increasing numbers of transfusions of ABO-incompatible plasma were associated with progressively poorer mean increments. The same was true for platelet ABO-incompatible transfusions. In contrast, increasing numbers of ABO-identical transfusions were not associated with poorer increments. The failure to appreciate that (a) transfusions containing ABO-incompatible plasma yield poor increments and (b) the effects of ABO-nonidentical transfusions are cumulative, and therefore affect the success of subsequent identical transfusions, may have led in the past to the incorrect conclusion that ABO matching was of minor importance in repetitively transfused patients.
Knowledge in Memetic Algorithms for Stock Classification

This paper introduces a framework for a knowledge-based memetic algorithm, called KBMA. The problem of stock classification is the test bed for the performance of KBMA. Domain knowledge is incorporated into the initialization and reproduction phases of evolutionary computation. In particular, the structure of financial statements is used to sort the attributes, which contributed to a faster convergence on near optimal solutions. A semantic net is used to measure the distance between parents and offspring. Two case studies were implemented, in which domain knowledge is used to constrain the reproductive operators so that the offspring is semantically dissimilar or similar to the parent. The results show that KBMA outperformed the random memetic algorithm in the former case but did not in the latter case. The interpretation of the results is that when the search algorithm is distant from its goal, making large steps as defined by the semantic knowledge is helpful to the search.
Re-evaluation of the raman assignments in the ground and excited metal to ligand charge transfer state of tris-2,2′-bipyridine Ru(II)

Abstract Picosecond resonance Raman has been employed in a two-color pump/probe experiment to re-evaluate the assignments of metal to ligand charge transfer ground and excited state bands in tris-2,2′-bipyridine Ru(II). It is shown that there is no spectral overlap between ground and excited state bands and that all ground state bands originate from pure ground state molecules rather than from molecules containing one excited state ligand and two unexcited ligands as previously suggested. Several excited state bands which were unresolved in previous experiments are clearly observed in the two-color spectrum. These results do not affect the general conclusion that the excited state is representative of an electron localized configuration.
Exploring the professional development landscape: Summary from four states

Abstract This study provides results from the Landscape Survey , a statewide survey of professional development (PD) created by the National Professional Development Center on Inclusion (NPDCI). The survey included a sample of 831 professional development providers across four states. Results focused on similarities and differences across states and sectors in learner characteristics, PD content, and approaches to PD delivery. The study also examined characteristics of PD providers that may influence their choice of PD intensity (one time event or PD with follow-up activities). Suggestions are provided for the use of statewide PD data, such as the data gathered in this study, to inform state PD planning and data system efforts.
Are the new guidelines for cholesterol and hypertension age friendly

Toward the end of 2013 and beginning of 2014, new guidelines for the management of cholesterol and hypertension were published.1,2 Previous guidelines have ignored the fact that older persons have altered physiology and comorbidity that alter their responsiveness and need for medications.3,4 In this editorial, we review the new guidelines to determine their utility for older persons, and in particular for the nursing home resident.
Variation of Elastic Wave Velocities in Basic Igneous Rocks with Pressure and Temperature

The dilatational and rotational wave velocities have been measured as functions of pressure and temperature for three gabbros, two basalts and a dunite. The pressure range was 200–6,000 bars. The temperature range was 25° to 300°C. and 400°C. for one sample. The maximum pressure is equivalent to 23 km of depth and the highest temperature is believed to correspond to 25 km. The data indicate a tendency for the velocity to reach a maximum somewhere between 10 and 20 km and then decrease slightly.
Enzymatic and biochemical characterization of the avian glycogen body

Abstract 1. 1. The activity of the key enzymes involved in the synthesis and degradation of glycogen in the avian glycogen body was investigated in this study. The glycogen body was found to harbor activities of “debrancher”, total phosphorylase, “brancher”, phosphorylase-b-kinase, “glycogen synthetase”, phosphohexose isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, α-1,4-glucosidase, pyruvate kinase, phosphofructokinase, fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase and fructose-1-phosphate aldolase within the range of that normally seen in mammalian liver samples. 2. 2. Glucose-6-phosphatase activity was absent, even in the presence of trehalose, a known stimulator of glucose-6-phosphate hydrolysis. The absence of glucose-6-phosphatase activity indicates that the glycogen body cannot provide glucose for the central nervous system. 3. 3. The glycogen body may serve as a model for the study of Type I glycogen storage disease.
The dependency of the subjunctive revisited: Temporal semantics and polarity

Abstract In this paper, I examine the syntax-semantics of subjunctive na clauses in (Modern) Greek. These clauses contain a dependent verbal form with no formal mood features: the perfective nonpast (PNP). I propose that the function of na is to introduce the variable now ( n ) into the syntax, which is needed because the apparent present tense in the PNP cannot introduce n . The PNP contains a dependent time variable, i.e. a referentially deficient variable that cannot be identified with the utterance time of the context. This analysis suggests that there is a meaningful distinction between the category “non-past”—which does not make reference to the utterance time—and the category “present”—which does. The analysis relies on the pronominal theory of tense (Partee, 1973, 1984; Kratzer, 1998, and others), and the idea that at least some polarity dependencies emerge as referential ‘deficiency’ of what becomes the polarity item (Giannakidou, 1998, 2001, to appear). In the present work, I treat the Greek non-past as a non-deictic time, i.e. as a time that cannot get a value from the context alone, thus rendering the PNP an instance of a temporal polarity dependency. The analysis proposed here for the PNP can hopefully be useful also for the analysis verbal subjunctives in Romance languages, and infinitival forms in English, but investigation of these will have to be left for the future.
Interface-derived extraordinary viscous behavior of exfoliated graphite

Abstract Exfoliated graphite is obtained by the rapid heating of acid-intercalated graphite flakes. It exhibits a cellular microstructure, with about 60 graphite layers in the cell wall. The recently reported extraordinarily strong viscous behavior of the exfoliated graphite and its cement-matrix composite has been explained in this paper in terms of an interface-derived viscous mechanism, which is in contrast to the well-known bulk viscous deformation mechanism that rubber exhibits. The interfacial mechanism is associated with the dynamic sliding at low amplitudes between the graphite layers in the cell wall of exfoliated graphite during dynamic loading in the elastic regime. The ease of sliding is enabled by the loosening of the interlayer interface that has occurred during exfoliation, in which the cell wall extends greatly like a balloon due to extensive sliding between the graphite layers in the cell wall. The viscous behavior is consistent with the well-known resiliency of flexible graphite, which is a sheet made by greatly compressing exfoliated graphite without a binder. In the cement-matrix composite, the exfoliated graphite is sandwiched with sufficient tightness by the cement matrix in the microstructure of the composite, thereby providing constrained-layer damping in the microscale.
The nature of metal-metal bonding at bimetallic interfaces

The nature of the electronic and physical properties of ultrathin metal films on several transition metal substrates have been studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). The results indicate that the admetal monolayers have electron densities that vary significantly from those of the corresponding pure metals. Correlations are found among the electronic perturbations of the monolayer films, the admetal-substrate cohesive bond strength and the chemisorption properties of the monolayer films toward CO. A simple model is described to explain the direction and magnitude of the electronic perturbations.
EMERGENCY PSYCHIATRY AND THE FAMILY: THE DECISION TO ADMIT

The author's work with families presenting to a psychiatric emergency service points to the prominence of families' wishes that one family member be hospitalized. The pressure on the cliniciancan be extreme. A number of studies in the literature on the decision to admit contain similar observations emerging from varied methodologies and vantages. The author draws from clinical practiceand the literature to focus on an interpersonal dimension to emergency interventions. Awareness ofinterpersonal forces upon mental health clinicians is crucial to allow mature balancing of the many factors involved in the decision making process. An integration of family and systems thinking into the practice of emergency psychiatry can enhance comfort and effectiveness in many difficult crisis situations. VioLit summary: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper by Perlmutter was to examine the prominence of the influence of the family on the decision to admit a fellow family member to a Psychiatric Emergency Service (PES). METHODOLOGY: A non-experimental exploratory design was employed using a focused literature review and clinical observation. Variables affecting decisions to admit were reviewed including the role families play. FINDINGS/DISCUSSION: A repeated observation in the literature was that the decision to admit is significantly influenced by a request by the patient's family or social network. Some individuals or families, it was argued, can become addicted to hospitalization as immediate relief and help for the affected person. It was also found that hospitalization may be related to the fact that an interviewer cannot or does not say no when a family strongly requests hospitalization. AUTHOR'S RECOMMENDATIONS: For further study, the author argued that emphasis needs to be placed on the pressure that can be exerted upon clinicians by people involved with the identified patients. The author stated that it is necessary that decision makers be aware of systematic factors that direct their action. Psychotherapeutic skills and the ability to adapt a problem solving approach were suggested to be in the repertoire of all emergency clinicians. EVALUATION: This study looks at the interesting issue of the use of emergency psychiatry among families in crisis. However, in order to have substantial value, this study should be replicated with more systematic scientific study. The data from this study are not amenable to generalizability because of their source being from one specific place and from the practice of one specific practitioner. (CSPV Abstract - Copyright © 1992-2007 by the Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence, Institute of Behavioral Science, Regents of the University of Colorado) KW - Mental Illness KW - Mentally Ill Juvenile KW - Family Relations KW - Mental Health Intervention KW - Psychological Factors KW - Mental Health Institution KW - Adult Violence KW - Adult Suicide KW - Suicide Intervention KW - Violence Intervention KW - Mentally Ill Adult KW - Juvenile Violence KW - Juvenile Suicide Language: en
Preliminary report on behavioral (Beh) change in a 2-year-old boy with precocious puberty (PP) following L-DOPA (D) treatment.

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights the behavioral (beh) change in a 2-year-old boy with precocious puberty (pp) following L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) treatment that is also referred as D. An 18-month-old white boy was evaluated in October 1973 for PP; no cause was found. The weekly means of the data during each observation period show: (1) aggressive Beh decreased from 2.71/day during week 1 to 0.28/day during week 3 and none thereafter; (2) distractions decreased from 5.42/sample during week 1 to 2.83/sample during week 6; (3) demands for attention decreased from 4.57/sample during week 1 to 2.60 during week 6. Additionally, parents reported remarkably improved general Beh, similar to that experienced post T. Serum LH decreased after 3 weeks of D treatment but serum T level remained elevated. In addition, the chapter also deals with psycboendocrine problems in patients with a late diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia: observations in a case of bilateral pseudocryptorchidism (female pseudohermaphroditism).
Niche differentiation in Mexican birds: using point occurrences to detect ecological innovation

The development of quantitative models of species distributions has largely ignored the potential for intraspecific variation in species niche requirements. Application of such models may nevertheless provide a rich, untapped opportunity to address the basic issue of niche conservatism vs. evolution. We illustrate this potential using genetic algorithms coupled with geographical information systems, which provide a powerful and novel approach to characterizing species ecological niches and geographical distributions. Our example consists of several species of Mexican birds with recognized subspecies, and associated climatic and vegetation data. Our basic protocol is to develop an ecological niche model for each subspecies, and use this model to predict distributions of other subspecies. In some cases, the ecological niche model inferred for one subspecies provides an excellent descriptor of other subspecies ranges, whereas in other cases the prediction is rather poor. We suggest that the latter may reveal the potential existence of evolved, intraspecific niche differentiation. We discuss alternative, non-evolutionary explanations, and point out potential implications of our results for predictive models of species invasions.
“SO DELIGHTFUL A PLOT”: LIES, GOSSIP, AND THE NARRATION OF SOCIAL ADVANCEMENT IN THE EUSTACE DIAMONDS

One of the most inveterate and gifted liars in Victorian fiction, Lizzie Eustace, the heroine of Anthony Trollope's 1873 novel The Eustace Diamonds, is also one of the most enigmatic. Driven both by her social ambition and by her desire to retain the Eustace family diamonds – a necklace given to her by her late husband but claimed by his relatives as an heirloom – Lizzie depends on deceit to achieve her ends throughout the novel. Yet, her reliance on mendacity becomes perplexingly excessive, confusing not only her sycophantic companion, Julia Macnulty, but most of the story's other characters as well.
Optimized production of electric energy

Application of the methods of control theory to industrial problems demands the match of the necessary computational tools to the actual financial constraints. The development of suboptimal control algorithms allows performances that were limited in the past to installations with extensive computer facilities, as required by the theory of mathematical optimization, to be reached now by smaller ones. Advances in this domain lead naturally to a rational utilization of the modern control tools based on mini- and microcomputers. Within this framework, we present in this note a method for the optimal control of electric power plants. The philosophy of the approach is to divide the global problem into partial optimization problems, whose successive solutions give the best working point for the turbinegenerator units in a computationally feasible way. Due to the limited space, only a few salient features of the method are discussed. The method has been successfully applied to the optimization of the production of two electricity companies in Switzerland.
Synthetic biology: from bacteria to stem cells

Synthetic biology is revolutionizing how we conceptualize and approach the engineering of biological systems. Recent advances in the field are allowing us to expand beyond the construction and analysis of small gene networks towards the implementation of complex multicellular systems with a variety of applications. We have developed an integrated computational/experimental approach to engineering complex behavior in living systems ranging from bacteria to stem cells. In our research, we appropriate useful design principles from electrical engineering and other well established fields. These principles include abstraction, standardization, modularity, and computer aided design. But we also spend considerable effort towards understanding what makes synthetic biology different from all other existing engineering disciplines and discovering new design and construction rules that are effective for this unique discipline.
The Attenuation of Love Waves and Toroidal Oscillations of the Earth

An attempt has been made to invert a large set of attenuation data for Love waves and toroidal oscillations in the earth, using a recent method by Backus and Gilbert. The difficulty in finding an acceptable model of internal friction which explains the data, under the assumption that the internal friction is independent of frequency, casts doubt on the validity of this assumption. A frequency-dependent model of internal friction is presented which is in good agreement with the seismic data and with recent experimental measurements of attenuation in rocks.
The feasibility of uPA/uPAR-targeting strategies in cancer treatment.

Commentary to:Inhibition of Tumor Growth and Metastasis by ATF-Fc, an Engineered Antibody Targeting Urokinase Receptor Xian-wen Hu, Hai-feng Duan, Hai-feng Duan, Shu-yuan Pan, Yong-mei Li, Yongyi Xi, Su-Rong Zhao, Liang Yin, Jin-feng Li, Hui-Peng Chen, Chu-Tse Wu
Race War and Nation in Caribbean Gran Colombia, Cartagena, 1810–1832

DURING THE AGE OF REVOLUTION, nations in the Americas faced the quandary of how to reconcile slavery and racial discrimination with the enlightened and liberal ideology of citizenship. Would slavery be abolished? Would all free men, regardless of race, enjoy the equal rights of citizenship, and if not, how would that exclusion be justified within an ideology that proclaimed the equality and brotherhood of humankind? From 1810 to 1812, patriot movements across Spanish America answered the last question by declaring legal racial equality for all free citizens and constructing a nationalist ideology of racial harmony—what contemporary scholars call the
What Accounts for Men’s Hostile Attitudes Toward Women? The Influence of Hegemonic Male Role Norms and Masculine Gender Role Stress

This study examined masculine gender role stress (MGRS) as a mediator of the relation between adherence to dimensions of a hegemonic masculinity and hostility toward women (HTW). Among a sample of 338 heterosexual men, results indicated that MGRS mediated the relation between adherence to the status and antifemininity norms, but not the toughness norm, and HTW. Adherence to the toughness norm maintained a positive association with HTW. These findings suggest that men’s HTW develops via multiple pathways that are associated with different norms of hegemonic masculinity. Implications for the prediction of men’s aggression against women are discussed.
Nickel‐in‐Charcoal (NiII/C)

[7440-02-0] NiII/C InChI = 1S/C.Ni/q;+2 InChIKey = GAYXURBANYOVBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (a heterogeneous catalyst that has been applied to a number of group 10 transition metal mediated cross-coupling reactions) Form Supplied in: not a commercially available substance. Preparative Methods: Ni/C can be prepared using the following procedure.3 Darco® KB (5.00 g, 100 mesh) activated carbon (25% H2O content) was added to a 100 ml round-bottom flask along with a stir bar. A solution of Ni(NO3)2·6H2O (727 mg, Aldrich, 24,407-4, Ni content by ICP determination: 92% of reagent purity; 2.30 mmol) in deionized H2O (35 ml) was added to the activated carbon and more deionized H2O (40 ml) was added to wash down the sides of the flask. The flask was purged under argon and stirred vigorously for 1 min. The flask was submerged in an ultrasonication bath under a positive argon flow for 30 min. The flask was then attached to an argon purged distillation setup and placed in a preheated 175–180 °C sand bath atop a stir plate. As the distillation ended, the sand bath temperature increased automatically but was held below 210 °C for an additional 15 min. Upon cooling to room temperature, the black solid was washed with H2O (2 × 50 ml) under argon into a predried 150 ml coarse fritted funnel (Figure 1). The H2O (100 ml) used to wash the Ni/C was rotary evaporated and analyzed for recovered nickel (ICP). The fritted funnel was turned upside down under vacuum for 3 h until the Ni/C fell from the frit into the collection flask. The collection flask was then dried in vacuo at 100 °C for 18 h. Using these specific amounts, all of the nickel was mounted in the support, which corresponds to 0.552 mmol NiII/g catalyst, or 3.2% Ni/catalyst by weight. To achieve very dry catalyst, two 50 ml portions of toluene can be distilled from wet Ni/C following the H2O distillation to azeotropically dry the reagent. Figure 1. Glassware for filtration and drying of Ni/C Handling, Storage, and Precautions: Ni/C is generally an air and moisture stable solid. However, due the sensitivity of some of the chemistry in which it can be used (e.g, Negishi couplings), Ni/C is stored in a glass bottle within a dry, inert atmosphere. Under these conditions, the lifetime of the catalyst is expected to be several months.
The Nearby Low-Mass Visual Binary Wolf 424*

We present new measurements of the relative positions of the components of the low-mass visual binary Wolf 424 (M5.5 Ve) made with the Fine Guidance Sensors on the Hubble Space Telescope. Previous analyses of the astrometric orbit of this system indicated that the components have substellar masses (Heintz; Schultz et al.), raising considerable interest as the first candidate brown dwarfs to have their masses measured dynamically. These studies relied partly on visual and photographic measurements, which are affected by systematic errors in the angular separation and have thus biased those solutions. Our new orbital solution using only the position angles of the early measurements together with all available modern high-resolution observations including our own shows that the component masses are clearly above the substellar limit (MA = 0.143 ± 0.011 M⊙, MB = 0.131 ± 0.010 M⊙), and thus they are not brown dwarfs. Recent evolutionary models for low-mass stars show good agreement with the location of Wolf 424A and B in the mass-luminosity diagram in the K band. In addition, we show that while the secondary appears to have normal colors compared to similar M dwarfs, the primary star is fainter than expected at optical wavelengths (B, V), possibly owing to significant spot coverage. This is consistent with the strong flaring activity displayed by the system.
Anhydrides as antimycotic agents added to polyethylene films for food packaging

Incorporation of free acids or salts of antimycotic food additives, including propionic acid, benzoic acid or sorbic acid, into low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films failed to inhibit mould growth when the films contacted inoculated media. However, LDPE films into which benzoic anhydride was incorporated exhibited antimycotic activity when in contact with media and cheese. Benzoic anhydride, which had been added to LDPE film, was hydrolysed within 5h and detected as benzoic acid in potato dextrose agar (PDA) and cheese after contact with the film. LDPE films, into which 1% benzoic anhydride was incorporated, completely inhibited Rhizopus stolonifer. Penicillium spp., and Aspergillus toxicarius growth on PDA. Lower amounts of anhydride partially inhibited growth by increasing the lag phase and reducing the rate of growth in most cases. LDPE films incorporated with 0.5–2% benzoic anhydride delayed mould growth on cheese. These data suggest that addition of antimycotic agents to LDPE during film manufacture may be a feasible way of controlling surface mould growth in foods such as cheese.
SnapToQuery: providing interactive feedback during exploratory query specification

A critical challenge in the data exploration process is discovering and issuing the "right" query, especially when the space of possible queries is large. This problem of exploratory query specification is exacerbated by the use of interactive user interfaces driven by mouse, touch, or next-generation, three-dimensional, motion capture-based devices; which, are often imprecise due to jitter and sensitivity issues. In this paper, we propose SnapToQuery, a novel technique that guides users through the query space by providing interactive feedback during the query specification process by "snapping" to the user's likely intended queries. These intended queries can be derived from prior query logs, or from the data itself, using methods described in this paper. In order to provide interactive response times over large datasets, we propose two data reduction techniques when snapping to these queries. Performance experiments demonstrate that our algorithms help maintain an interactive experience while allowing for accurate guidance. User studies over three kinds of devices (mouse, touch, and motion capture) show that SnapToQuery can help users specify queries quicker and more accurately; resulting in a query specification time speedup of 1.4× for mouse and touch-based devices and 2.2× for motion capture-based devices.
Initial Assessment and Early Resuscitation

During the initial assessment and early resuscitation phase, a multiple trauma patient (25-year-old man) is determined to be in hemorrhagic shock and has the following findings: Multiple abrasions (head, torso, and extremities) Dilated right pupil Precordial bruises (chest x-ray demonstrates fully expanded bilateral lungs with an endotracheal tube above the carina; a widened mediastinum; obliterated pulmonary-aortic window and aortic knob) Soft abdomen Unstable pelvic fracture (pneumatic garment is now inflated)
Alexander Ivanovitch Oparin and the Origin of Life: A Recollection and Appreciation

In 1928, shortly before leaving Holland to assume a position at the Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, I went to pay a visit to Professor M. W. Beijerinck, whose courses at the Technological University in Delft had introduced me to the science of microbiology and kindled my fascination with that field. Following his compulsory retirement in 1921, he had moved to a home in the country, and I had not seen him since then. Now I wanted to express my deep appreciation for the great and lasting influence his teaching had had on my life.
Information Load and Decision Quality: Some Contested Issues:

Important conceptual-definitional and empirical issues previously have been raised with regard to information overload in the consumer context. The primary purpose of this rejoinder is to highlight...
Delayed presentation of diencephalic syndrome associated with leptomeningeal dissemination in a child.

A 7-year-old girl presented to our hospital with a history of failure to thrive since 1 year of age. Her prior workup included negative serum and stool studies to exclude gastrointestinal, metabolic and endocrinological causes. She has mild speech delay, but otherwise had achieved all her developmental milestones. On admission, she was extremely cachectic weighing 11 kg (<1st percentile) and a head circumference of 49 cm (5th percentile). Neurological examination was significant for bilateral papilloedema, optic nerve pallor and peripheral visual field deficits. …
Water Deprivation and Light Affect Responses of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) to Oviposition Site Cues

Responses of blood-fed gravid Culex tarsalis Coquillett mosquitoes to visual and chemical cues associated with oviposition sites were affected by water deprivation but not by sugar deprivation. Gravid mosquitoes deprived of water for 24 h before bioassay were more responsive to oviposition cues and laid the majority of their egg rafts around dusk, whereas mosquitoes not deprived of water laid similar numbers of eggs around dusk and dawn. Ambient light levels also affected responses to oviposition cues, with mosquitoes using visual cues more under dim light than in full darkness. These results indicate that oviposition behavior is flexible, depending on the types of cues that are available. Oviposition behavior is mediated by physical, chemical, and biological cues, and our results suggest that in the absence of a particular cue, the entire suite of behaviors which culminate in oviposition may still be triggered by the remaining cues present.
Developing Learning Outcomes for a Collaborative Event: Highlighting a Recreational Soccer Tournament Designed to Connect International and Domestic Students

The purpose of this study was to exhibit best practices in a collaborative program between a campus recreation department and center for global engagement while demonstrating appropriate learning outcomes. The learning domains that were assessed in this program were intrapersonal development, interpersonal competence, humanitarianism and civic engagement, and practical competence. The program reviewed was a philanthropic recreational soccer tournament designed to specifically offer international and domestic students an opportunity to play recreational sports together while providing learning opportunities for all participants. Participants placed a higher value on participating in a charitable event and participating for health and wellness over seeking involvement with different types of people. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using SPSS and mean scores and standard deviations were reported from the respondent data gathered.
LiCoO2-Based Fiber Cathodes for Electrospun Full Cell Li-ion Batteries

Abstract Particle/polymer electrospinning was used to prepare fiber mat cathodes containing LiCoO2 nanoparticles, carbon powder, and poly(vinylidene fluoride) for Li-ion batteries. The fibers had a high LiCoO2 particle content (70 wt%) which allowed for a high gravimetric capacity of 90 mAh g−1 (corresponding to 128 m A h g L i C o O 2 − 1 ) at 0.1C (1C = 274 m A h g L i C o O 2 − 1 ). Cathode performance was stable in a half cell with 78% capacity retention over 200 cycles at 0.5C. Unlike previous work on electrospun LiCoO2 nanofibers prepared using sol-gel chemistry and high temperature processing, the particle/polymer fiber mat cathodes reported here were made thick with a high fiber volume fraction for high areal and volumetric capacities at fast charge/discharge rates (e.g., 0.81 mAh cm−2 and 62 mAh cm−3 at 2C) which were much greater than that of a slurry cast cathode of the same composition (0.004 mAh cm−2 and 0.30 mAh cm−3 at 2C). Full cells containing a LiCoO2/C/PVDF fiber mat cathode and C/PVDF fiber mat anode were also prepared and characterized. These electrospun batteries exhibited a high energy density of 144 Wh kg−1 at 0.1C and an areal capacity of 1.03 mAh cm−2 at 1C. The excellent performance of the electrospun particle/polymer cathodes and anodes is attributed to electrolyte penetration throughout the 3D fiber electrode mats, a large electrode/electrolyte interfacial area, and short Li+ transport pathways between the electrolyte and active material nanoparticles in the radial fiber direction.
Apoptotic activity in patient serum while on an acai juice product in the setting of a slowly rising PSA.

e16055 Background: For patients with a slowly rising PSA, the timing of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) initiation is highly debated given the long term side effects. In this setting, numerous n...
Girls in STEM: increasing the number of female students entering technical fields

STEM is the acronyms for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematic, and refers to academic disciplines of technical fields. In most places of the word the number of female students that choose to go to an undergraduate course in technical fields is considerably smaller than the total number of women in society, that is near 50%. In this panel we discuss how to improve the number of female students and the possible causes of this phenomenon. The STEM is one of the fields that contributes significantly with the number of professionals for Computer Graphics, increase the number of female students in this field can have a good impact to increase the numbers of women working in Computer Graphics.
Mind and space: a Confucian perspective

ABSTRACTThis essay explores the Confucian concept of the space of the mind and the Confucian view on cultivation of the space of mind. It then argues that the distinction between the mind as a mental substance and the body as a material substance is that the mind can be infinitely extended while the body can only extended to a certain limit.
Condensate Enhancement and D-Meson Mixing in Technicolor Theories

Since the pioneering work of Eichten and Lane it has been known that the scale of the interactions responsible for the generation of the strange-quark mass in extended technicolor theories must, absent any Glashow-Iliopoulos-Maiani mechanism for suppressing flavor-changing neutral currents, be greater than of order 1000 TeV. In this paper we point out that the constraint from the neutral D-meson system is now equally strong, implying that the charm quark mass must also arise from flavor dynamics at a scale this high. We then quantify the degree to which the technicolor condensate must be enhanced in order to yield the observed quark masses, if the extended technicolor scale is of order 1000 TeV. Our results are intended to provide a framework in which to interpret and apply the results of lattice studies of conformal strongly interacting gauge theories, and the corresponding numerical measurements of the anomalous dimension of the mass operator in candidate theories of walking technicolor.