cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE ORIGIN OF FERRERS GRAPHS

Every year, thousands of students around the world encounter Ferrers graphs. Most of these students probably assume that Ferrers was a mathematician and that his name is among the hundreds at a well-known website specialising in mathematical biography. The first assumption is correct. Norman Macleod Ferrers was born 11 August 1829 in Gloucester. In 1851, he received a BA degree from Cambridge University, with honours. He was Senior Wrangler and winner of first prize in the Smith mathematics competition. He studied law and was called to the bar in 1855, but returned to Caius College in 1856 as a mathematical lecturer, and was ordained apriest in 1861.
Integration of Methane Steam Reforming and Water Gas Shift Reaction in a Pd/Au/Pd-Based Catalytic Membrane Reactor for Process Intensification.

Palladium-based catalytic membrane reactors (CMRs) effectively remove H2 to induce higher conversions in methane steam reforming (MSR) and water-gas-shift reactions (WGS). Within such a context, this work evaluates the technical performance of a novel CMR, which utilizes two catalysts in series, rather than one. In the process system under consideration, the first catalyst, confined within the shell side of the reactor, reforms methane with water yielding H2, CO and CO2. After reforming is completed, a second catalyst, positioned in series, reacts with CO and water through the WGS reaction yielding pure H2O, CO2 and H2. A tubular composite asymmetric Pd/Au/Pd membrane is situated throughout the reactor to continuously remove the produced H2 and induce higher methane and CO conversions while yielding ultrapure H2 and compressed CO2 ready for dehydration. Experimental results involving (i) a conventional packed bed reactor packed (PBR) for MSR, (ii) a PBR with five layers of two catalysts in series and (iii) a CMR with two layers of two catalysts in series are comparatively assessed and thoroughly characterized. Furthermore, a comprehensive 2D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to explore further the features of the proposed configuration. The reaction was studied at different process intensification-relevant conditions, such as space velocities, temperatures, pressures and initial feed gas composition. Finally, it is demonstrated that the above CMR module, which was operated for 600 h, displays quite high H2 permeance and purity, high CH4 conversion levels and reduced CO yields.
74. The Mechanism of Hepatotoxicity from IV Administration of High Dose VSV

Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) is a potent replication competent oncolytic virus (OV). Most individuals do not have pre-existing anti-VSV antibodies, making VSV an ideal OV for treatment of disseminated cancer. To tailor the virus for systemic use, VSV-IFNb-NIS was attenuated through genetic modification to encode interferon beta which restricts virus replication in nontransformed cells and a sodium iodide symporter (NIS) reporter gene to enable real time noninvasive imaging of the sites of virus infection in patients. Preclinical studies in mice show that, in contrast to expectations, dose limiting toxicity was hepatotoxicity, not neurotoxicity. To investigate the mechanism(s) underlying VSV induced hepatotoxicity, we first sought to determine if liver damage was due to interactions with viral particles or required virus infection.C57BL/6 mice were given saline, 109 TCID50 VSV-mIFNb-NIS or equivalent amounts of inactivated VSV-mIFNb-NIS intravenously. There was a significant increase in ALT and AST at 24h while no significant change was found in the animals receiving inactivated VSV. Studies with adenoviruses showed that Ad-induced hepatotoxicity was attenuated by depletion of macrophages in the liver and spleen using clodronate liposomes. Our studies in clodronate treated C57BL/6 mice showed even higher levels of ALT and AST enzymes in the blood with significantly increased cell damage in the liver and spleen by 24h if mice were given 109 VSV-IFNb-NIS. In contrast, ALT/AST levels did not change significantly in mice given heat inactivated VSV (104 infectious units but the same number of viral particles as the 109 stock). Similar data were also observed in Balb/c mice. In conclusion, our studies indicate that dose limiting toxicity from IV administration of high dose (4×1010 TCID50/kg) VSV-mIFNb-NIS in a mouse is not neurotoxicity, but hepatotoxicity. The mechanism of the hepatotoxicity is direct infection and killing of hepatocytes by live virus, and not due to the interaction of viral particles with macrophages and Kupffer cells. Hence, in contrast to adenovirus dosing (viral particles/kg), our data suggest that VSV dosing should be calibrated in units of infectious virus (TCID50/kg) and not numbers of viral particles per test subject. View Large Image | Download PowerPoint Slide View Large Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
When protected areas prove insufficient: Cheetah and “protection-reliant” species

An understanding of the factors that affect the distribution of species is a cornerstone of ecology; yet, two-thirds of the world’s species remain undescribed (1) and estimated rates of extinction are high, but certainty around those rates is limited (2). The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List remains the “gold standard” for the analysis of extinction risk for individual species (3), but the Red Lists rely on assumptions of distribution measurement (4) and equilibrium/disequilibrium (5) that may make estimation of future extinction risk more complicated. However, these concerns do not negate the core issues central to the examination of the process of extinction for an individual species: loss of range, loss of populations, increased fragmentation, and eventual decline to a point where recovery is difficult or impossible. In PNAS, Durant et al. (6) take on these issues, bringing together a wide diversity of data across time and space on the status, distribution, and threats facing the cheetah ( Acinonyx jubatus ) to make a strong case for a change in the way that we think about the conservation of widely ranging species whose distributions occur predominantly outside of protected areas. Cheetah face multiple threats: loss and fragmentation of habitat, loss of prey, direct persecution, and illegal trade (6 … [↵][1]1Email: ginsbergj{at}caryinstitute.org. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Geometric impact of void space in woven fabrics on oil resistance or repellency

An oil-repellent surface is challenging to achieve due to the low surface tension of oil. The critical factor is to create void spaces at multiple scales (i.e., macro, micro, and nano) to increase the energy barrier that the liquid–vapor interface must overcome to transit from the Cassie–Baxter state to the Wenzel state, in which the surface is completely wet. To obtain an oil-resistant or repellent surface, one must create a structural geometry with void spaces, and the solid surface energy must be low relative to the oil. Knowing the impact of void space is important to enable a rational design of such surfaces. Woven fabric inherently consists of multiscale structures by its construction: nanoscale in fiber, microscale in yarn, and macroscale in fabric. In this study, theoretical modeling and experiments with actual fabric samples were utilized to determine the impact of void space in woven fabric. The ratio of the void space between two adjacent yarns to the yarn diameter, T y, was integrated into the lenticular Cassie–Baxter model of woven fabric (i.e., plain structure). Then, the role of void space resisting or repelling oil was quantified by measuring the contact angle of dodecane (γ LV = 25.3 mN/m) on the surface of the fabric samples with varied void spaces. The theoretical model predicted that the fabric’s oil resistance or repellence increases as the void space increases, and the role of void space at the macroscale was more important than at the micro- or nanoscale. The predicted tendency of a fabric’s apparent contact angle with oil, θ F, was in good agreement with experiment and showed the value of incorporating T y in the prediction of the liquid-resistant or repellent behavior. Contrary to the prediction, increasing T y further caused the liquid drop on the surfaces to have a reduced contact angle, θ F, due to the sagging of liquid into the void space.
Estudio numérico de la influencia del ruido presente en la señal, la ubicación de los sensores y la tasa de muestreo sobre el método BWIM basado en deformaciones unitarias

Bridge Weigh-In-Motion (BWIM) systems have been used successfully to identify some of the properties of the trucks that travel over a highway. However, is not always easy to control the sources of uncertainty and therefore the reliability of the results might be affected. In this research, the effect of possible experimental difficulties on the BWIM method based on strain measurements was studied. In particular, three effects were analyzed: the noise level present on the signal, the location of the sensors on the bridge and the sampling rate used for data acquisition. These effects were modeled numerically by adding synthetic noise to an idealized wave response. The results are discussed with focus on the possible consequences on the estimation of velocities and gross vehicle weight of truck during field tests.
Discovery of Venezolanoconnus in Costa Rica (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)

Venezolanoconnus is a small glandulariine genus established by Franz (1988) to accommodate four species known to occur only in Venezuela. Jaloszynski (2012) revised Venezolanoconnus , illustrated and described its morphological structures, redefined the genus and transferred one of the Franz's species to Euconnus Thomson, 1859. Species included in this interesting genus resemble Euconnus in their general appearance and some morphological characters, but differ in the subcontiguous hind coxae, separated only by a pair of spines of the metaventral intercoxal process, single (and rudimentary) basal fovea on each elytron, and a unique structure of the aedeagus. The latter has the parameres not slender, as those in all species of Euconnus and most Glandulariini, but extremely broadened; they surround the median lobe in its proximal half and are fused to each other dorsally and meet along midline ventrally. The parameres are hyaline and their margins may be hardly discernible in ventral view; in lateral view the narrowing apical region of each paramere is well-visible, it bears several short setae distributed apically and subapically and at least partly shifted to the dorsal surface. Venezolanoconnus can also be recognized on the basis of an unusually swollen maxillary palpomere III and a very small palpomere IV; the mandibles lacking preapical teeth, the pronotum broadest behind middle, the head relatively small in relation to the pronotum and elytra, and the gradually thickened antennae.
Piezoelectric Response in the Contact Deformation of Piezoelectric Materials

Microand nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS) using lowdimensional piezoelectric structures (piezoelectric thin films, nanowires, and nanobelts) [1–10] have potential applications in many areas, including biosensors, actuators, and motion-controllers due to intrinsic electromechanical coupling. The electromechanical coupling provides a unique route for sensing mechanical stimuli from the change in electric potential/field, and for controlling structural deformation via electrical loading [11], which determines the performance and lifetime of microand nanodevices during the device operation. It becomes of primary interest to experimentally and theoretically investigate the piezoelectric behavior of materials on both the microand nanoscales under electrical and mechanical loading for the development, design, and process control of MEMS and NEMS devices. Piezoelectricity is an interaction between mechanical deformation and electric field. Several techniques have been used to characterize the piezoelectric behavior of piezoelectric structures and materials, which are based on either the direct piezoelectric effect or the inverse piezoelectric effect. The direct piezoelectric effect is that mechanical deformation produces electric polarization, and the inverse piezoelectric effect represents electric field-induced mechanical strain [12]. The techniques using the direct piezoelectric effect include stress-induced charge (Berlincourt method) and indentation, and the techniques using the inverse piezoelectric effect consist of laser interferometers, laser scanning vibrometers, and piezoresponse force microscope. The Berlincourt method, the laser interferometers, and the laser scanning vibrometers can be readily used in determining the piezoelectric behavior of bulk piezoelectric materials, while it is very difficult if not impossible to apply these
An efficient General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) enabled algorithm for dynamic transit accessibility analysis

The social functions of urbanized areas are highly dependent on and supported by the convenient access to public transportation systems, particularly for the less privileged populations who have restrained auto ownership. To accurately evaluate the public transit accessibility, it is critical to capture the spatiotemporal variation of transit services. This can be achieved by measuring the shortest paths or minimum travel time between origin-destination (OD) pairs at each time-of-day (e.g. every minute). In recent years, General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data has been gaining popularity for between-station travel time estimation due to its interoperability in spatiotemporal analytics. Many software packages, such as ArcGIS, have developed toolbox to enable the travel time estimation with GTFS. They perform reasonably well in calculating travel time between OD pairs for a specific time-of-day (e.g. 8:00 AM), yet can become computational inefficient and unpractical with the increase of data dimensions (e.g. all times-of-day and large network). In this paper, we introduce a new algorithm that is computationally elegant and mathematically efficient to address this issue. An open-source toolbox written in C++ is developed to implement the algorithm. We implemented the algorithm on City of St. George's transit network to showcase the accessibility analysis enabled by the toolbox. The experimental evidence shows significant reduction on computational time. The proposed algorithm and toolbox presented is easily transferable to other transit networks to allow transit agencies and researchers perform high resolution transit performance analysis.
Abstract 12322: Physical Symptoms and Depression Interact in Predicting Quality-of-Life in Heart Failure

Introduction: Quality-of-life (QOL) is an important patient-oriented outcome in heart failure (HF). The interaction effect of physical symptoms and depression in predicting QOL in HF, however, is not well understood. Hypothesis: There is a strong interaction effect between physical symptom and depression in predicting QOL among adults with moderate to advanced HF. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of combined data collected during two prospective cohort studies of symptoms among adults with moderate to advanced HF. Physical symptoms were measured with the Heart Failure Somatic Perception Scale subscale (HFSPS), and depression was measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). QOL was measured with the visual analog scale (VAS) of the EQ-5D. Results: The average age of the sample (n=291) was 56.7±13.3 years, and most were male (61.9%). A majority of subjects were classified as New York Heart Association Class III HF (56.4%), and most had non-ischemic etiology (65.2%). Average VAS score on the EQ-5D was 54.27±22.54. Both HFSPS scores (β = -0.58 ± 0.12, p Conclusions: Physical symptoms and depression have strong independent and interactive effects in predicting QOL in HF, indicating that both should be considered concurrently when managing QOL among adults with HF.
Synthesis of 5-Cyano-Tryptophan as a Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopic Reporter of Structure.

A concise synthesis of protected 5-cyano-l-tryptophan (Trp5CN ) has been developed for 2D IR spectroscopic investigations within either peptides or proteins. To assess the potential of differently substituted cyano-tryptophans, several model cyano-indole systems were characterized using IR spectroscopy. Upon assessment of their spectroscopic properties, Trp5CN was integrated into a model peptide sequence, Trp5CN -Gly-Phe4CN , to elucidate its structure. This peptide demonstrates the capability of this probe to capture structural information by 2D IR spectroscopy. The 2D IR spectrum of the peptide in water was simulated to reveal a unique spectral signature resulting from the presence of dipolar coupling. The coupling strength between cyano labels was determined to be 1.4 cm-1 by matching the slopes along the max contour for the simulated and experimental spectrum. Using transition dipole coupling, a distance between the two probes of 13 A was calculated.
Study of accelerometer assisted single key positioning user input systems

New designs of user input systems have resulted from the developing technologies and specialized user demands. Conventional keyboard and mouse input devices still dominate the input speed, but other input mechanisms are demanded in special application scenarios. Touch screen and stylus input methods have been widely adopted by PDAs and smartphones. Reduced keypads are necessary for mobile phones. A new design trend is exploring the design space in applications requiring single-handed input, even with eyes-free on small mobile devices. This requires as few keys on the input device to make it feasible to operate. But representing many characters with fewer keys can make the input ambiguous. Accelerometers embedded in mobile devices provide opportunities to combine device movements with keys for input signal disambiguation. Recent research has explored its design space for text input. In this dissertation an accelerometer assisted single key positioning input system is developed. It utilizes input device tilt directions as input signals and maps their sequences to output characters and functions. A generic positioning model is developed as guidelines for designing positioning input systems. A calculator prototype and a text input prototype on the 4+1 (5 positions) positioning input system and the 8+1 (9 positions) positioning input system are implemented using accelerometer readings on a smartphone. Users use one physical key to operate and feedbacks are audible. Controlled experiments are conducted to evaluate the feasibility, learnability, and design space of the accelerometer assisted single key positioning input system. This research can provide inspiration and innovational references for researchers and practitioners in the positioning user input designs, applications of accelerometer readings, and new development of standard machine readable sign languages.
Praxis and labor in Hegel

'Praxis' and 'labor' are terms that stand for something fundamental in human existence. They may be seen as representing two separate things, as they were by the ancient Greeks, or they may be seen as representing the same thing, as they are by most moderns, if not by all. For the Greeks praxis meant the political activity of free men, who were free precisely because they did not have to labor. The Greek term for labor was ponos, which had the connotation of hard labor or toil and even distress, suffering or sickness.1 This was something reserved mainly for slaves whose very lack of freedom was a function of their being caught up with having to provide for the necessities of life, and whose labor made it possible for others to be free for taking part in praxis.2 This accounts for why Greek philosophers like Plato and Aristotle had so little to say about 'labor', since they were concerned much more with political activity where men were more truly men, and less animal. Labor belonged more in the privacy of the household where the necessities of life were taken care of, whether in giving birth to new life or in sustaining already existing life. Women were not slaves for the Greeks. They constituted a half of the free population, as Aristotle said,3 and were to be ruled 'politically' by men, not slavishly.4 Yet, inasmuch as their life was 'laborious'5 and devoted to life functions, they belonged in the same category as slaves when it came to the distinction between public and private life. They were hidden away in the household, which was driven by the wants and needs of life. Therefore they shared the laborious life with the slaves,6 whereas only men enjoyed the fulness of freedom found only in political activity or praxis. This was the only life equal to the full dignity of men, along with the life of philosophy, and the only one which could be opposed to philosophy, since it began only once the necessities of life were taken care of.7
Nuclear Pores and Nuclear Import/Export

The hallmark of a eukaryotic cell is the presence of the nucleus, which separates the chromosomes that encode the genetic information from the protein translation machinery in the cytoplasm. This physical separation requires nuclear transport (import and export) machinery capable of moving macromolecules such as proteins and RNAs rapidly but selectively into and out of the nucleus. This movement occurs through nuclear pore complexes, which are large, proteinaceous structures that perforate the nuclear membrane and provide regulated exchange between compartments. There are many processes in eukaryotic cells that depend upon this macromolecular exchange between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The most obvious example is the expression of a gene where the DNA is transcribed to messenger RNA (mRNA) within the nucleus and this mRNA must be transported to the ribosomes, the cytoplasmic protein translation machinery, to be decoded and translated into protein. In addition, many proteins that are created in the cytoplasm enter the nucleus to function in essential nuclear processes such as DNA replication, transcription, and DNA repair. Thus, there is a great deal of traffic between the cytoplasm and the nucleus and these transport events are critical for the proper function of a eukaryotic cell.
Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design

Welcome to Austin for the 34th edition of the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design! ICCAD is the premier forum to explore emerging technology challenges, present cutting-edge R&D solutions, record theoretical and empirical advances, and identify future roadmaps for design automation. Continuing a long tradition, ICCAD continues to be the home for the ACM/SIGDA CADathlon and Student Research Competition, several CAD contests, including the IEEE CEDA CAD Contest, and a remarkable set of workshops on design automation for analog and mixed-signal circuits, EDA research on learning on a chip, design for dark silicon era, variability modeling and characterization, and formal verification.
Brodalumab for the treatment of plaque psoriasis: up-to-date.

Introduction: Brodalumab is one of the most efficacious biologic agents available for psoriasis. It also has a unique mechanism; it is the only agent that blocks the entire interleukin 17 receptors...
High-quality photon-pair and heralded single-photon generation using periodically-poled thin-film lithium niobate

Photon-pair generation is shown using periodically-poled thin-film lithium niobate waveguides, with coincidences-to-accidentals ratio CAR>67,000 at 41kHz pairs rate, and heralded single-photon generation with g(2)(0)<0.05 at 860kHz herald rate.
Popular peer norms and adolescent sexting behavior.

Abstract Introduction Adolescents misperceive and are heavily influenced by the behavior of their popular peers, yet research has not yet investigated this phenomenon for a relatively new and potentially risky behavior: adolescent sexting. The present study investigates rates of sexting among popular and non-popular adolescents and the association between adolescents' perceptions of popular peers’ sexting behavior and their own sexting behavior. Methods A school-based sample of 626 adolescents from a rural high school in the Southeastern U.S. (Mage = 17.4, 53.5% female) completed surveys indicating whether they had sent a sext in the past year. Participants also reported on perceptions of popular peers’ sexting behavior and completed sociometric nominations of peer status. Results While 87.4% of adolescents believed the typical popular boy or girl in their class had sent a sext in the past year, only 62.5% of popular adolescents had actually sent a sext. There was no significant difference between rates of sexting among popular and non-popular (54.8%) adolescents. After adjusting for gender and sexual activity status, adolescents who believed that the typical popular peer sent a sext were over ten times more likely to have also sexted in the past year. Among adolescents who believed their popular peers had not sexted, girls were more likely than boys to have sexted themselves; however, this gender difference disappeared among adolescents who believed their popular peers had sexted. Conclusions These results underscore the importance of peer status and perceptions of peer norms in adolescents’ sexting.
Periprostatic venous androgen levels in a subset of patients with prostate cancer: An investigation into a novel role of testosterone in localized prostate cancer.

341Background: While androgens drive prostate cancer (PCa), studies of systemic levels in eugonadal patients have not shown a relationship with development or progression of PCa. This study charact...
A simplified method for the efficient purification and refolding of recombinant human TRAIL

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) belongs to the TNF cytokine superfamily that specifically induces apoptosis in a broad spectrum of human cancer cell lines but not in most healthy cells. The antitumor potential of recombinant human TRAIL (rhTRAIL) has attracted great attention among biologists and oncologists. However, attempts to express rhTRAIL in Escherichia coli often results in limited yield of bioactive protein due to the formation of inclusion bodies (IBs), which are dense insoluble particulate protein aggregates inside cells. We describe herein a highly simplified method to produce pure bioactive rhTRAIL using E. coli. The method is straightforward and requires only basic laboratory equipment, with highly efficient purification and high yield of renaturation, and may also be applied to produce other proteins that form IBs in E. coli.
Inhibition of Hsp90 in the Spinal Cord Enhances the Antinociceptive Effects of Morphine by Activating an ERK-RSK Pathway

Morphine and other opioids are commonly used to treat pain despite their numerous adverse side effects. Modulating μ-opioid receptor (MOR) signaling is one way to potentially improve opioid therapy. In mice, the chaperone protein Hsp90 mediates MOR signaling within the brain. Here, we found that inhibiting Hsp90 specifically in the spinal cord enhanced the antinociceptive effects of morphine in mice. Intrathecal, but not systemic, administration of the Hsp90 inhibitors 17-AAG or KU-32 amplified the effects of morphine in suppressing sensitivity to both thermal and mechanical stimuli in mice. Hsp90 inhibition enabled opioid-induced phosphorylation of the kinase ERK and increased abundance of the kinase RSK in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord, which are heavily populated with primary afferent sensory neurons. The additive effects of Hsp90 inhibition were abolished upon intrathecal inhibition of ERK, RSK, or protein synthesis. This mechanism downstream of MOR, localized to the spinal cord and repressed by Hsp90, may potentially be used to enhance the efficacy and presumably decrease the side effects of opioid therapy.
Continuous blood purification for the treatment of severe infections (sepsis)

The key mechanism of severe infection (sepsis) is systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome. Continuous blood purification (CBP) is helpful for treatment of sepsis through removing medium and large molecular weight inflammatory mediators. Clinical application and lab researches have confirmed that CBP can stabilize cardiopulmonary function in patients with severe sepsis. Continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration, continuous plasma filtration absorption and high volume hemofiltration can play a role in lowering inflammatory mediators in plasma and tissue. CBP has revealed a good prospect in the treatment of severe sepsis in children. Key words: Sepsis; Continuous blood purification; Children
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis Caused by SGLT2 Inhibitors and a Ketogenic Diet: A Case Series and Review of Literature.

Abstract Objective Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a relatively novel class of oral medications for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Their use has increased recently due to their beneficial renal and cardiovascular outcomes, but they come with the rare risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at normal or slightly elevated glucose values, termed euglycemic DKA (euDKA). Recently, carbohydrate-deprived, ketogenic diets have gained popularity due to benefits of weight loss and improved control of T2DM. We describe 2 patients with T2DM who developed euDKA caused by SGLT2 inhibitor use while on a ketogenic diet and provide a review of the literature. Methods We describe the hospital course, laboratory data, and treatment of 2 patients and provide a literature review. Results Both of our patients were found to have normal or mildly elevated serum glucose levels, with an elevated anion gap and ketosis, representative of euDKA. The first patient developed euDKA after only 1 dose of empagliflozin, while the second patient developed euDKA after only 1 week of being on a ketogenic diet while on an SGLT2 inhibitor. Conclusion While there have been a few reports of euDKA with SGLT2 inhibitors and ketogenic diets, many physicians prescribing these medications may not be aware of this association. Therefore, they must inform their patients to avoid a ketogenic diet if on an SGLT2 inhibitor. If a patient presents with symptoms of DKA and is eating a carbohydrate-free diet while taking an SGLT2 inhibitor, there should be a low threshold to screen for DKA.
From Placements to Partnerships: The State of Clinical Practice and Preparation

The purpose of this study is to examine the scope and sequence of clinical experiences in educator-preparation programs in New Hampshire within the context of a conceptual framework for clinical pr...
Where Would Adam Smith Publish Today? An Update on Math-Free Research

Approximately a decade ago, Sutter and Pjesky (2007) analyzed the near-absence of math-free research in 10 top economics journals for 2003-2004. They found that only a small percentage of published articles in these journals constituted research which might be considered truly math-free. Is this finding still relevant today, and if so, has the trend worsened? The current paper seeks to address this question through an analysis of a fresh batch of 8 top journals from the 2013-2014 period. I find that not only does a similar conclusion hold true today, but in fact, the preponderance of research seems to have shifted towards even more mathematical modes of thought. In addition, I elicit some new observations regarding an increased emphasis on experimental research and field journals.
Risk Factors for Bleeding Hepatocellular Adenoma in a United States Cohort.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Known risk factors for hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) bleeding are size >5 cm, growth rate, visible vascularity, exophytic lesions, β-catenin and Sonic Hedgehog activated HCAs. Most studies are based on European cohorts. The objective of this study is to identify additional risk factors for HCA bleeding in a US cohort. METHODS Retrospective chart review was performed on patients diagnosed with HCA on magnetic resonance imaging (n = 184) at an academic tertiary institution. Clinical, pathological, and imaging data were collected. Primary outcomes measured were HCA bleeding and malignancy. Statistical analysis was performed with SAS 9.4 using Chi-Square, Fisher's exact test, sample t test, non-parametric Wilcoxon test, and logistic regression. RESULTS After excluding patients whose pathology showed focal nodular hyperplasia and non-adenoma lesions, follow-up data were available for 167 patients. 16% experienced microscopic or macroscopic bleeding and 1.2% had malignancy. HCA size predicted bleeding (P 5 cm. In patients with multiple HCAs that bled, 50% bled from lesions <5 cm. In patients with multiple adenomas, size (P = .001) independently predicted bleeding and hepatic steatosis trended towards increased risk of bleeding (P = .05). CONCLUSIONS In a large US cohort, size predicted increased risk of HCA bleeding while hepatic adenomatosis trended towards increased risk of bleeding. In patients with multiple HCAs, size predicted bleeding and hepatic steatosis trended toward increased risk of bleeding.
Association Between Smoking, Chemical Exposure and Hearing Loss in an Occupational Setting

Association Between Smoking, Chemical Exposure and Hearing Loss in an Occupational Setting Objective: Twenty-two million Americans or roughly 8% of the population are hearing impaired. This affects more than just the ability for one to hear. In the last three decades, younger Americans have shown a sharp increase in hearing impairment. Hearing loss affects social and emotional well being and thus has the ability to decrease one's quality of life. This study was designed to examine the association between smoking, workplace chemical exposure, and hearing loss. Methods: This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in an occupational health clinic setting in Virginia. The study population consisted of employees fiom local businesses who visited the clinic during the period of 1/1/03 to 1/1/05 for pure tone audiometry. Chart reviews supplemented by telephone interviews were conducted to extract data for analysis. All study subjects were eligible to participate except for those who were unable to communicate due to a language barrier. Prevalence and crude prevalence ratios were calculated. Adjusted prevalence ratios and prevalence odds ratios were calculated using Cox and logistic regression models. Data entry and statistical analysis were accomplished with the SPSS Data Builder and the SPSS 13.0 statistical software. SAS statistical software was also used for a portion of the statistical analysis. Results: In a Cox regression model controlling for many potential confounding factors (age, race, smoking, chemical exposure, military service, as well as others) cigarette smoking was not associated with hearing loss PR(95% CI), 1.0 (0.7, 1.3). Similarly, exposure to chemicals was not associated with hearing loss 1.1 (0.7, 1.6). Conclusion: This study did not find an association between cigarette smoking and hearing loss and exposure to industrial chemicals and hearing loss in persons who worked in a noisy occupational environment.
β-Secretase, APP and Aβ in Alzheimer’s Disease

Amyloid plaques, hallmark neuropathological lesions in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain, are composed of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). A large body of evidence suggests Aβ is central to the pathophysiology of AD and is likely to start this intractable neurodegenerative disorder. Mutations in three genes (amyloid precursor protein/APP, presenilin1, presenilin2) cause early on-set familial AD by increasing synthesis of the toxic 42 amino acid species of Aβ (Aβ42). Fibrillar Aβ in amyloid plaques appears to cause neurodegeneration, although recent studies suggest soluble Aβ oligomers may also be neurotoxic. Regardless, given the strong correlation between Aβ and AD, therapeutic strategies to lower cerebral Aβ levels should prove beneficial for the treatment of AD. Aβ is derived from APP via cleavage by two proteases, β- and γ-secretase. β-secretase, recently identified as the novel aspartic protease BACE1, initiates the formation of Aβ. Consequently, BACE1 in principle is an excellent therapeutic target for strategies to reduce the production of Aβ in AD. However, the discovery of the homologue BACE2 raised the question of whether it too may be a β-secretase. To settle this issue, our group and others have used gene targeting to generate BACE1 deficient (knockout) mice. These BACE1 knockout mice have been instrumental in validating BACE1 as the authentic β-secretase in vivo. Here, I review the roles of BACE1, APP, and Aβ in AD and discuss the implications of therapeutic approaches that target BACE1 for the treatment of AD.
Focus and Negative Polarity in Hindi

This paper presents an analysis of negative polarity items (NPIs) in Hindi. It is noted that NPIs in this language are composed of a (weak) indefinite plus a particle bhii meaning ‘even’. It is argued that the compositional semantics of this combination explains their behavior as NPIs as well as their behavior as free choice (FC) items. I assume that weak Hindi indefinites like ek and koi are to be viewed as a predicate that I call one, a predicate that is true of everything that exists. I further assume that bhii exhibits association with focus with the indefinite, and that this leads to contradictory implicatures in positive contexts. The behavior of these phrases in a variety of syntactic contexts is discussed, including constructions like correlatives. Finally, I provide a comparison with analyses of English any, and discuss the relevance of the analysis presented here for that of any.
Additional evidence in support of withholding or terminating cardiopulmonary resuscitation for trauma patients in the field

Abstract Background Survival for trauma patients who receive prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been reported as poor. We assessed the survival for prehospital CPR in our trauma system and attempted to find prehospital predictors of mortality. Study design We conducted a retrospective review of our Level I trauma center's database that identified 588 patients over a 6-year period (January 1, 1997, to December 31, 2002) who received prehospital CPR. Mechanisms of injury, prehospital vital signs, and survival to discharge were analyzed. Results Twenty-two of 588 patients (3.7%) survived to hospital discharge. Overall, 60.7% did not survive to achieve hospital admission, and an additional 32.6% died on the first hospital day. Patients with penetrating injuries had a significantly lower survival rate than those with either blunt or other (eg, drowning, hanging) injuries (0.9% versus 6.2%, and 13.2%, respectively, p Conclusions These findings add support to recent guidelines regarding the termination or withholding of resuscitation for trauma patients in the prehospital setting. Victims of penetrating trauma with a prehospital RTS=0 (combination of no respiratory rate, no systolic blood pressure, and a Glasgow Coma Score of 3) should be declared "dead at the scene."
Not the Bauhaus

Abstract Once at the pinnacle of progressive art education, the Breslau Academy of Art and Applied Art has been largely forgotten. The Academy deserves attention, however, because it was a paradigm...
Traumatically induced peripheral osteoma. Report of a case.

Osteomas of the jaws are well-defined lesions that can present as an isolated finding or as part of a syndrome (e.g., Gardner's syndrome). The etiology of peripheral osteomas is somewhat controversial. Trauma has been implicated by several authors, and osteoma is presented here as a rather striking lesion with well-defined traumatic origins.
Workload characterization of bioinformatics applications

The exponential growth in the amount of genomic information has spurred growing interest in large scale analysis of genetic data. Bioinformatics applications represent the increasingly important workloads. However, very few results on the behavior of these applications running on the state-of-the-art microprocessor and systems have been published. This paper proposes a suite of widely used bioinformatics applications and studies the execution characteristics of these benchmarks on a representative architecture-the Intel Pentium 4. To understand the impacts and implications of bioinformatics workloads on the microprocessor designs, we contrast the characteristics of bioinformatics workloads and the widely used SPEC 2000 integer benchmarks.
Role of the hippocampus in sex differences in verbal memory: memory outcome following left anterior temporal lobectomy

The authors examined the neural and cognitive bases for sex differences in verbal memory in 57 patients who underwent left anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) for the treatment of intractable seizures. On the California Verbal Learning Test (D. C. Delis, J. H. Kramer, E. Kaplan, & B. A. Ober, 1987), women recalled more words than men both before and after surgery, regardless of the extent of hippocampal damage. Extent of hippocampal sclerosis was related to memory loss in both men and women. Women's superiority in verbal memory appears to result in part from their use of an efficient encoding strategy. Women were more likely than men to use semantic clustering both before and after ATL, and sex differences in word recall were attenuated after scores were adjusted for semantic clustering. There was no effect of ATL on semantic clustering. Taken together, these results suggest that sex differences in verbal memory are not due to differences in the integrity of the left hippocampus.
Can self-organizing P2P file distribution provide QoS guarantees?

In this paper, we examine the factors that contribute to the variability in download time of a self-organizing P2P file distribution application such as BitTorrent. We conducted a series of side-by-side live experiments, involving two clients running on the same machine downloading the same file at the same time. We found that the download latency varied significantly, sometimes by a factor of 2. Surprisingly, the main contributing factor isn't the network bandwidths of the set of neighbors that a client is given. Rather, it has to do with the frequency of turn-overs in "close" neighbors, i.e. those that are in a stable data-exchange relationship with the client. Analysis of the log data shows that a client obtains over 90% of the file from a small set of close neighbors, and if a close neighbor leaves the network, it takes the client a long time, over half an hour, to find another one. This suggests that self-organizing P2P file distributions indeed need external help in order to provide QoS guarantees, but such guarantees are achievable with proper enhancements to the P2P network.
Organizing chain and square-grid architectures by employing coordination bonds between inorganic and organic components. New coordination polymers formed from Cd(II), Co(II), and Cu(II) nitrate salts and 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)butadiyne

Four new coordination polymers containing the long conjugated bidentate ligand 1,4-bis-(4-pyridyl)butadiyne (2) and cadmium, cobalt, and copper nitrate hydrates are reported. The coordination polymers were synthesized using almost identical solution reaction conditions utilizing the same mixed methanol/methylene chloride solvent system. The first compound [Cd(1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)butadiyne)(NO 3 ) 2 (H 2 O).CH 2 Cl 2 ] n (3; monoclinic, C2/c; a = 28.135(3) A, b = 8.535(1) A, c = 17.642(2) A, β = 91.797(2)°, Z = 8) is obtained by combination of 2 with Cd(NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O. The structure includes a rare sinusoidal-type polymer chain architecture, effected by a combination of hydrogen-bonding interactions and π-π interactions between adjacent alkyne regions of the ligand. The second species [Co(1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)butadiyne)-(NO 3 ) 2 (H 2 O) 2 .2H 2 O] n (4; orthorhombic, Pccn; a = 22.999(3) A, b = 23.338(3) A, c = 7.388(1) A, Z = 8) is generated from the reaction of 2 and Co(NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O and forms a straight-chain polymeric architecture consisting of double chains that crisscross each other, generating a new layer architecture. The third species [Cu(1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)butadiyne)2(N03) 2 .CH 2 Cl 2 ] n (5; orthorhombic, C222 1 ; a = 14.382(1) A, b = 22.755(2) A c = 8.975(1) A, Z = 4) is prepared from the reaction of 2 and Cu(NO 3 ) 2 .3H 2 O. The structure of 5 exhibits a two-dimensional interpenetrating square-grid-type architecture from the coordination of four pyridyl rings at the copper center. The intersection of the grids generates large continuous rhombic channels that can be occupied by organic molecules. The fourth species [Co(1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)-butadiyne)2(NO 3 ) 2 .CH 2 Cl 2 ] n (6; orthorhombic, C222 1 ; a = 14.0364(12) A, b = 23.7595(19) A, c = 8.9706(7) A, Z = 4) is generated from the reaction of 2 and Co(NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O and is isostructural with 5.
Delta Interaction on a Ring: The Topological Bethe Ansatz

The integrable state function of delta interaction on an infinite line is constrained to a ring of finite circumference. The state function remains consistent with the Bethe ansatz, but in a multiply connected state space. The constants of integration of the integrable state function are roots of a transcendental equation determined by the topological properties of this multiply connected space.
A note on the measurement of focal spot sizes utilizing star test patterns at low magnification factors

The validity of focal spot size measurement utilizing the star test pattern at magnification factors less than 1.4× has been confirmed by the use of a 0.4° vertex angle star test pattern and a traveling microscope. It has been found that the apparent nonlinearity of the star test pattern method in the measurement of focal spot sizes at low magnification factors is introduced by the observers as a systematic error due to the difficulty in determining the blur diameter within reasonable accuracy.
Corrosion of cordierite ceramics by sodium sulphate at 1000 C

The corrosion of a sintered cordierite (2MgO·2Al2O3·5SiO2) ceramic by sodium sulphate (Na2SO4)—a common combustion condensate—was investigated at 1000°C. Laboratory tests with thin films of Na2SO4/O2 and Na2SO4/1% SO2−O2 were performed. In the Na2SO4/O2 case, the cordierite reacted to form NaAlSiO4. After several hours of corrosion, the Na2SO4 appeared to induced surface cracks in the cordierite. In the Na2SO4/1% SO2−O2 case, other dissolution reactions occurred. The material was also tested in a burner rig with No. 2 Diesel fuel and 2 p p m sodium. The corrosion process was similar to that observed in the Na2SO4/O2 furnace tests, with more severe attack occurring.
Blending personal and managerial capitalism: Bertelsmann's rise from medium-sized publisher to global media corporation and service provider, 1950–2010

This article suggests that the distinction between family and managerial capitalism is not as clear as often assumed and presents empirical evidence for hybrid forms of governance. It is based on a case study of Europe's largest media company, Bertelsmann AG, which grew from a mid-sized firm into a large multinational after 1950. Family-led until 1981, Bertelsmann is still family-controlled today. The article analyses the structure of the family, the remodelling of ownership and controlling rights, the methods of financing, and the role of non-family managers. On all levels, creative solutions were found that overcame traditional forms of patriarchal family capitalism and introduced strong elements of managerial capitalism into a family business. Managers enjoyed considerable space for autonomous action providing they did not challenge the ground rules set by the family.