cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Verification of a fluid-dynamics solver using correlations with linear stability results

A novel method is described for verification of fluid-dynamics solvers based on correlations with solutions from linear stability analysis. A difficulty with the linear stability analysis solutions for spatially developing flows is that flow fields typically exhibit exponentially growing features compromising the performance of classical error metrics. This motivates the construction of a projection-based metric that only assumes the shape of the solution and not the growth rate of the perturbations, thus also allowing the latter to be determined. The proposed correlation metric complements classical error metrics, such as p-norms, and can also be used for time-dependent problems with realistic boundary conditions. We demonstrate how the present method can be applied in the verification of an Euler solver for the instability behavior of laminar compressible free and confined shear layers.
The separation of active and inactive forms of heparin

Abstract Heparin has been fractionated into two distinct forms. The isolation of these species was accomplished by sucrose density gradient centrifugation of heparin mixed with antithrombin-heparin cofactor. Approximately 1 3 of this mucopolysaccharide was bound to antithrombin-heparin cofactor and had potent anticoagulant activity. This component was clearly separated from the remaining 2 3 of the heparin which could not form a stable complex with antithrombin-heparin cofactor and had minimal anticoagulant activity.
Reduction of seizure occurrence from exposure to auditory stimulation in individuals with neurological handicaps: a randomized controlled trial.

Background The purpose of this work was to determine in a clinical trial the efficacy of reducing or preventing seizures in patients with neurological handicaps through sustained cortical activation evoked by passive exposure to a specific auditory stimulus (particular music). The specific type of stimulation had been determined in previous studies to evoke anti-epileptiform/anti-seizure brain activity. Methods The study was conducted at the Thad E. Saleeby Center in Harstville, South Carolina, which is a permanent residence for individuals with heterogeneous neurological impairments, many with epilepsy. We investigated the ability to reduce or prevent seizures in subjects through cortical stimulation from sustained passive nightly exposure to a specific auditory stimulus (music) in a three-year randomized controlled study. In year 1, baseline seizure rates were established. In year 2, subjects were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. Treatment group subjects were exposed during sleeping hours to specific music at regular intervals. Control subjects received no music exposure and were maintained on regular anti-seizure medication. In year 3, music treatment was terminated and seizure rates followed. We found a significant treatment effect (p = 0.024) during the treatment phase persisting through the follow-up phase (p = 0.002). Subjects exposed to treatment exhibited a significant 24% decrease in seizures during the treatment phase, and a 33% decrease persisting through the follow-up phase. Twenty-four percent of treatment subjects exhibited a complete absence of seizures during treatment. Conclusion/Significance Exposure to specific auditory stimuli (i.e. music) can significantly reduce seizures in subjects with a range of epilepsy and seizure types, in some cases achieving a complete cessation of seizures. These results are consistent with previous work showing reductions in epileptiform activity from particular music exposure and offers potential for achieving a non-invasive, non-pharmacologic treatment of epilepsy. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01459692
The interaction of testicular androgen-receptor complex with rat germ cell and sertoli cell chromatin

Abstract Chromatin acceptor sites for testicular androgen-receptor complex were studied in purified preparations from Sertoli cells, testicular germ cells, thymus, and liver. Sertoli cell nuclei did not sediment through sucrose solutions more concentrated than 1.8M. The combination of cell culture and discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation yielded a preparation of Sertoli cell nuclei with greater than 95% purity. Cytoplasmic androgen-receptor complex was prepared from the testes of hypophysectomized rats by in vitro labeling, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and Sephadex G-25 chromatography. The purified chromatin from Sertoli cells and germ cells bound 3 to 5 times as much receptor complex as did that from thymus or liver. The binding of increasing aliquots of complex to a fixed amount of chromatin DNA revealed the presence of at least two classes of binding sites. These data support previous suggestions that Sertoli cells and germ cells are primary targets of androgen action in the testis.
Phosphorylase Activity in the Pseudopregnant Rat Uterus

Phosphorylase activity was determined in the rat uterus during pseudopregnancy in the deciduoma and myometrium of traumatized horns and in contralateral untraumatized horns. Phosphorylase a activity decreased during the life of the deciduoma while that in the myometrium remained relatively constant. The phosphorylase activity in the entire traumatized uterine horn was higher than in the untraumatized contralateral control horn. The increase in enzyme activity on Day 4 of pseudopregnancy above the low level observed on the first day post estrus coincides with the reported “estrogen surge.” Distention of the uteri of ovariectomized rats, induced by inserting glass rods, increased phosphorylase activity to a level higher than that observed in the uterine horns containing the deciduoma. Factors affecting phosphorylase activity in the pseudopregnant uterus are discussed. (Endocrinology 78: 383, 1966)
Electrodynamic structure of charged dust clouds in the earth's middle atmosphere

Noctilucent clouds (NLCs) and polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSEs) are two phenomena at the forefront of near-earth space science. NLCs are high-altitude clouds in the earth's mesosphere that are formed from visible aerosol particles. The occurrence rate of NLCs over time is believed to have profound implications on global climate change. NLCs are often associated with PMSEs which are strong 50 MHz–1.3 GHz radar echoes from mesospheric electron irregularities. Therefore, PMSEs may be an important remote-sensing diagnostic for the evolution of NLCs and the earth's middle atmosphere in general. The electron irregularities that produce PMSEs are generally believed to result from charging of electrons onto subvisible aerosol irregularities, the source of which is currently a debated issue. Neutral air turbulence has long been considered a primary source of the irregularities. However, there are clearly fundamental characteristics of the irregularities in past and recent observations that cannot be explained by neutral air turbulence and most probably involve plasma processes. This work considers the latter mechanism and the possibility of production of aerosol irregularities in the boundary region between the charged aerosol layer and the background mesospheric plasma. First a model for investigating the electrodynamics of this boundary layer is described. This model indicates that plasma flows are expected to exist in the electrodynamic equilibrium. An initial assessment of the possible role of these plasma flows in producing irregularities that may ultimately result in PMSEs is provided.
Contribution of behavior therapy and biofeedback to laxative therapy in the treatment of pediatric encopresis

A model incorporating physiological, behavioral, and psychological parameters are presented to explain the maintenance and consequences of pediatric encopresis. It was hypothesized that the more comprehensive a treatment in addressing these parameters, the more efficacious it would be and the more children it would benefit. Eighty-seven children between the ages of 6 and 15 with the primary complaint of encopresis were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: (a) Intensive Medical Care (IMC), receiving enemas for disimpaction and laxatives to promote frequent bowel movements; (b) Enhanced Toilet Training (ETT), using reinforcement and scheduling to promote response to defecation urges and instruction and modeling to promote appropriate straining, along with laxatives and enemas; or (c) Biofeedback (BF), directed at relaxing the external anal sphincter during attempted defecation, along with toilet training, laxatives, and enemas. Three months following initiation of treatment, ETT and BF produced similar reductions in soiling/child (76% and 65%) that were superior (p's<.04) to IMC (21%). ETT significantly benefited more children than the other two treatments, employing fewer laxatives and fewer treatment sessions at a lower cost. Consistent with the presented model, reduction in soiling was associated with an increase in bowel movements in the toilet, reduction in parental prompting to use the toilet, and defecation pain. These results demonstrate that ETT should be used routinely with laxative therapy in the treatment of chronic encopresis.
Mining lesion-deficit associations in a brain image database

We present a data mining process for discovering associations between structures and functions of the human brain. Our approach is through the study of lesioned (abnormal) structures and associated functional deficits (disorders). For this purpose we have developed a BRAinImage Database (BRAID) that integrates image processing and visualization capabilities with statistical analysis of spatial and clinical data, providing access via extended SQL through a web interface. We present visualization and statistical methods for mining lesion-deficit associations. We consider issues of scalability and morphological variability. We demonstrate the use of the proposed mining methods by applying them to epidemiological data finding clinically meaningful associ-
Formation of Cerium Oxide/Hydroxide on Copper Substrates by a Spontaneous Immersion Process

A spontaneous immersion process has been developed to deposit adherent cerium oxide/hydroxide coatings on copper foil from an aqueous bath consisting of cerium nitrate, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium chloride. The spontaneous cerium oxide/hydroxide deposition exhibited characteristics consistent with an immersion process, with the deposition rate decreasing as the copper substrate was coated. A deposition mechanism is proposed in which the reaction of copper with hydrogen peroxide produced near-surface-pH conditions conducive to cerium oxide/hydroxide precipitation on the copper surface. Hydrogen peroxide concentration was varied between 0 and 1 vol % percent (as a 30% solution), with 0.2% producing the maximum deposition rate of 8-10 nm/min. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations above the optimum concentration resulted in substrate passivation due to the stabilization of copper oxide, which retarded coating formation. Parts-per-million concentrations of chloride ion were found to increase deposition kinetics without affecting the copper dissolution rate, possibly by destabilizing copper oxide formation. Autocatalytic hydrogen peroxide decomposition on the coating surface did not appear to play an important role in the deposition mechanism.
Experiences of Drug Use and Parenting among Women in Substance Abuse Treatment: An Exploratory Study

The purpose of this exploratory study was to explore the multiple contexts of vulnerability, drug use and parenting for women in substance abuse treatment. Nineteen purposively sampled women provided qualitative data through semi-structured interviews. Findings revealed that adverse childhood experiences and intimate partners were important pathways into drug use initiation. Identities as mothers emerged as a key finding, intimately linked to women's motivation to seek and complete treatment. Understanding the challenges to recovery among mothers in treatment is an important priority for social workers. This study highlights the complexity of women's experiences and suggests implications for future practice and research.
Academic Research and Public Policy

The editors for this conference volume appropriately honoring Henry Grabowski have asked me to contribute some remarks concerning the role of academic research in informing public policy. I am imme...
A longitudinal examination of computer self-efficacy change trajectories during training

Abstract Computer self-efficacy (CSE) is known to enhance individual competence and performance in learning and using technology as well as improve technology attitudes and beliefs. Using longitudinal studies, CSE increases over time during organizational technology training. While these studies have been instrumental in our understanding of how self-efficacy operates in organizations, some critical questions remain unanswered. In particular these studies cannot answer how long it takes for one’s CSE to increase during training, nor can it describe the shape of the change trajectory (linear? some other shape?). The answers to these questions will provide organizations a much clearer perspective on training expectations, understanding when benefits from training through enhanced CSE might be expected, and when to start and ramp up/down training efforts. This study examines these issues by collecting repeated waves of data from 230 respondents in a technology lab training setting and using a relatively new structural equation modeling technique, latent growth modeling. Findings suggest that it takes about 2 months of training for individuals to display significant increases in CSE, and that the growth trajectory for CSE in non-linear. In the proposed model, anxiety is a significant predictor of CSE change, while CSE change significantly predicted software-specific self-efficacies.
miR-129 as a novel therapeutic target and biomarker in gastrointestinal cancer

In the last decade, cancer research efforts in the field of noncoding microRNA (miRNA) have been growing exponentially. miRNA-based therapeutics have been tested in both preclinical and clinical settings, and miRNA-based cancer diagnostics and prognostics have moved into clinics to help better manage cancer treatment. A growing body of evidence in recent literature suggests miRNA-129 plays important roles in gastrointestinal cancer, including gastric, colorectal, hepatocellular carcinoma, and esophageal cancer. In this review, we focus on accumulating evidence demonstrating the key roles that miRNA-129 plays in tumorigenesis, disease progression, chemoresistance, proliferation, and cell cycle control. Understanding the emerging roles and mechanisms of miRNA-129 in cancer will help us realize the therapeutic and diagnostic/prognostic potential.
Abdominal fat pad mass reduction by in ovo administration of anti-adipocyte monoclonal antibodies in chickens

The effect of in ovo administration of antiadipocyte monoclonal antibodies (MAb) on growth and adipose tissue development in chickens was investigated. In Trial 1, 60 fertilized eggs from layer-type chickens were injected into allantoic circulation with different amounts of MAb against chicken adipocyte plasma membranes (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg) on Day 15 of embryogenesis. In Trial 2, 180 fertilized broiler eggs were injected into allantoic circulation with 0.2 mg MAb on Day 15 of embryogenesis. In Trial 1, high doses (0.2 and 0.4 mg) of MAb in in ovo injection reduced (P < or = 0.05) abdominal fat pad weight without affecting total body weight at 42 d of age. Only the highest dose (0.4 mg) significantly reduced hatch rate. In Trial 2, adipose tissue (pectoral, femoral, and abdominal), major organ (heart, liver, and spleen), and total body weights at 14 d of age were not affected by in ovo injection. Hatch success rate of eggs was not significantly different among treatments. However, by 6 wk of age, in ovo injection of MAb significantly reduced (P < or = 0.05) abdominal fat pad weight by more than 28%. This relative fat pad mass reduction occurred without affecting femoral or pectoral fat tissues. Total body weight and feed intake were not affected among treatments. Our experiments demonstrated for the first time that in ovo administration of anti-adipocyte MAb on Day 15 of embryogenesis reduced the chicken abdominal fat pad mass by 42 d of age without affecting growth or body weight.
Telephone-Interference Calculation for Multiconductor Power Lines

Previous work on power-line-produced telephone interference has dealt with the case of a single equivalent power conductor. This paper presents the theory applicable to a multiconductor power line excited by general, linear networks. A self-contained digital-computer program employing these techniques has been written. It rigorously handles the important case of actual communication line-power line crossings. A comparison of the computer results with experimental measurements is provided.
Wavelet image processing applied to beam interaction in four-wave mixing

The objective of this investigation is to apply wavelet image processing to Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) for the purpose of defining beam interaction both within and outside the nonlinear crystal. This will allow a better understanding of beam quality and allow for better performance of potential devices.
Noise And Contrast Performance Of The Toshiba Computed Radiography System TCR 201

The Toshiba Computed Radiography system (TCR) is one of the first digital x-ray imaging systems, which permits imaging of large area formats up to the chest format of 14" x 17". It uses an imaging plate, based on a storage phosphor, which is read out with the aid of a scanning laser beam after exposure to x-radiation in the patients examination room, making use of photostimulable radioluminescence (PSL). As a truly digital system, it separates the functions of detection and display such that the information displayed to the human observer can be optimized with respect to the requirements of the observer.
Circle Drawing Does Not Exhibit Auditory–Motor Synchronization

Differences in timing control processes between tapping and circle drawing have been extensively documented during continuation timing. Differences between event and emergent control processes have also been documented for synchronization timing using emergent tasks that have minimal event-related information. However, it is not known whether the original circle-drawing task also behaves differently than tapping during synchronization. In this experiment, 10 participants performed a table-tapping and a continuous circle-drawing task to an auditory metronome. Synchronization performance was assessed via the value and variability of asynchronies. Synchronization was substantially more difficult in circle drawing than in tapping. Participants drawing timed circles exhibited drift in synchronization error and did not maintain a consistent phase relationship with the metronome. An analysis of temporal anchoring revealed that timing to the timing target was not more accurate than timing to other locations on the circle trajectory. The authors conclude that participants were not able to synchronize movement with metronome tones in the circle-drawing task despite other findings that cyclical tasks do exhibit auditory motor synchronization, because the circle-drawing task is unique and absent of event and cycle position information.
Priming characteristics of peptide mimotopes of carbohydrate antigens

Immunization with peptide mimetics of carbohydrate antigens can induce functional carbohydrate-reactive antibodies. Here, we examine the immune characteristics of alternative approaches in prime and boost strategies using glycosylated HIV-1 envelope protein and model tumor associated carbohydrate antigens. Our results indicate that peptide mimotopes either in a DNA or carrier-conjugated format can induce comparable levels of IgM and IgG. Carbohydrate boosting of peptide-primed animals does not affect end-point titer, however, boosting mediates a stable long lasting carbohydrate reactive IgM response, not achievable by carbohydrate immunization alone. Boosting with carbohydrate in animals primed with DNA- or peptide-conjugate, facilitates the induction of detectable IgG with a dominant IgG2a isotype. Immunization with HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein of peptide-primed animals induces different IgG isotype profiles with a dominant IgG1 antibody. We observed that HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein immunization of peptide primed mice induces a cross-reactive cellular response, as detected by cytokine secretion, which lends to IFN-gamma production upon splenocyte stimulation and CTL activity against recombinant vaccinia virus infected cells after in vitro stimulation. DNA immunization with mimotope, inclusion of a T-cell epitope from the HIV-1 envelope protein in the expression cassette and co-administration with IL-12 or GM-CSF encoding plasmids activate a cellular response to the HIV-1 envelope protein.
Video Cameras For Medical Imaging

The role of the video camera in the typical fluoroscopic imaging chain is reviewed and measures of camera performance, including sensitivity, spatial and temporal resolution, and noise, are described. Finally, the characteristics of several pick-up tube types used in medical imaging are discussed.
Number of Lymph Nodes Evaluated: Prognostic Value in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

The impact of the number of lymph node (LN) evaluated pathologically on accurate staging is unknown. Our primary aim was to determine a minimum number of evaluated LN needed to provide accurate staging of pancreatic cancer. Four hundred ninety-nine patients underwent a curative pancreatectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma cancer from 1981–2007. The probability of understaging a patient as N0 was estimated based on the number of LN evaluated. The prognostic value of LN ratio (LNR) was assessed. Survival for node-negative (pN0) patients with <11 LN examined was worse than for pN0 patients with ≥11 LNs with a hazard ratio (95 % CI) of 1.33 (1.1–1.7, p = 0.01) with 3-year survivals of 32 vs. 50%, respectively. Three-year survival for pN1 patients with <11 nodes evaluated was similar to pN1 patients with ≥11 nodes (25 vs. 30%). LNR ≥ 0.17 predicted worse survival with hazard ratio of 1.76 (1.3–2.4, p = 0.001) than LNR < 0.17; 3-year survivals were 37 vs. 19%. Patients with “N0” disease with <11 LN evaluated pathologically have worse survival, suggesting that metastatic nodes were missed by evaluating too few nodes. For pN1 patients, LNR stratifies survival of patient cohorts more accurately. Adequate staging of pancreatic cancer requires pathologic evaluation of ≥11 LNs.
Multiple weak supramolecular interactions stabilize a surprisingly twisted As2L3 assembly.

A combined crystallographic, DFT and NMR spectroscopic study of a flexible As2L3assembly reveals temperature dependent conformational behavior in solution and a highly asymmetric structure stabilized by As–π and edge-to-face aromatic interactions.
Regularized Focusing Inversion of Marine CSEM Data Using Minimum Vertical Support Stabilizer

Marine controlled-source electromagnetic (MCSEM) surveys have become an important part of off-shore petroleum exploration. In this paper we discuss new advances in the development of 3D inversion methods for the interpretation of MCSEM data. Our method is based on rigorous integral equation (IE) forward modeling and a new IE representation of the sensitivity (Frechet derivative matrix) of observed data to variations in sea-bottom conductivity. We use quasi-analytical approximation for models with variable background conductivity (QAVB) for more efficient Frechet derivative calculations. In our regularized focusing inversion algorithm we introduce a new stabilizing functional, a minimum vertical support stabilizer. This stabilizer helps generate a focused image of the relatively thin and flat resistive structure of a hydrocarbon (HC) reservoir. The methodology is tested on a 3D inversion of the synthetic EM data and the interpretation of an MCSEM survey conducted in the Troll West Gas Province (TWGP).
Acceptance of HIV Antibody Testing Among Women in Domestic Violence Shelters

The purpose of this study was to examine which factors derived from an adapted version of the Health Belief Model are associated with HIV testing among women at domestic violence shelters in the rural south (N = 112). Participants were administered self-report questionnaires to assess for test acceptance and were offered private and free HIV rapid testing. A logistic regression analysis was performed. Results indicated that higher perceived susceptibility and higher PTSD symptoms predicted a greater likelihood of HIV test acceptance. The most common reason given for not testing was a lack of time. Implications are discussed.
SOCIAL RESOURCES AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS

We address two questions central to the “network as resources” argument, using network data from two mass surveys. First, how is range best measured? We identify six dimensions of range: one each reflecting network size and complexity, and two each representing density and diversity. Second, what is the nature of the relationship between SES and social resources? Evidence here supports the proposition that network range and composition are positively related to an actor's socioeconomic status.
Rosa Parks, Strategic Activist (sidebar):

Accompanying Michael Schudson’s feature on Rosa Parks, Aldon Morris provides commentary to enhance our understanding of Rosa Parks and her activism.
Attitudes toward media freedoms in Hong Kong: A prelude to 1997

As Hong Kong prepares for a return to sovereignty of the People's Republic of China, issues surrounding individual freedoms become increasingly relevant. This study investigates protections Hong Kong residents feel should be extended to the media all the time. First, protections such as joumalistic criticism of political leaders and the military, confidentiality of sources, and other specific situations are tested. Second, commercial (advertising) free speech protections are tested including advertising of false or misleading claims, illegal products, pornographic or obscence material, and legal but potential harmful products. Third, protection of media programming dealing with sexual themes, showing sexual acts, showing nudity, and promoting drug use are tested. This initial study had the two-fold purpose of 1) establish ing a benchmark of preliminary data; 2) examine three different methodologies (telephone interviews, in-home personal interviews, mall intercept interviews) to determine the preferred me...
Structure, effective pair potential and properties of halothane

Abstract Halothane, 2-bromo-2-chloro,1,1,1-trifluoroethane, is an important inhalation general anesthetic. We performed energy minimization within the Car-Parrinello scheme of density functional theory to obtain the detailed structure of a halothane molecule, in the gas phase. Then, effective model pair potentials for a flexible halothane molecule have been developed that describe halothane in solution around room temperature. The potential parameter were fitted to reproduce the known density at 298 K. Constant pressure and temperature molecularddynamics simulations were carried out at room temperature as well as at 310 K. The results are in excellent agreement with the available experimental data.
Clinical evaluation compared to pulmonary artery catheterization in the hemodynamic assessment of critically ill patients

Although pulmonary artery (PA) catheterization is frequently employed in the management of critically ill patients, there is little documentation that the information obtained alters patient management. This study evaluated prospectively this question in 103 PA catheterizations. Before catheterization, physicians were asked to predict the range of several hemodynamic variables, the presumed diagnosis, and their plan for therapy. After catheterization, each chart was reviewed. The hemodynamics at the time of catheterization and therapy within 8 h of catheterization were noted. Pulmonary artery occlusive (wedge) pressure (WP) was correctly predicted 30% of the time. Cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and right atrial pressure (RAP) were correctly predicted approximately 50% of the time. There was no significant difference in the ability to predict hemodynamics of subgroups with either hypotension or impaired oxygenation. After catheterization, planned therapy was altered in 58% of the cases. Unanticipated therapy was added in 30% of the cases. This study documents the difficulty of predicting accurately hemodynamics based solely on clinical evaluation. Thus, the information obtained by catheterization often leads to alterations in the therapeutic plan. We suggest that PA catheterization is both indicated and useful in the management of critically ill patients.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonism with fenobam: examination of analgesic tolerance and side effect profile in mice

Background The metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 noncompetitive antagonist fenobam is analgesic in rodents. Future development of fenobam as an analgesic in humans will require a favorable long-term treatment profile and a lack of significant deleterious side effects. This study aimed to determine if tolerance to fenobam’s analgesic effects developed over 14 days and to assess for side effects in mice.
Reconceptualizing school psychology from a service delivery perspective: Implications for practice, training, and research

Abstract A service delivery perspective is applied to professional school psychology as a means for understanding and responding to many of the field's most pressing and long-standing problems. Analysis of school psychologists' professional functions leads the authors to reconceptualize the field as an indirect service delivery profession. Building on this analysis they propose the “Paradox of School Psychology,” that is, to serve children effectively school psychologists must first and foremost concentrate their attention and professional expertise on adults. Implications for practice, training, and research are discussed.
Nanolayered CrAlTiN and multilayered CrAlTiN–AlTiN coatings for solid particle erosion protection

Abstract Applying hard coatings on airfoil surfaces is proven to be an effective approach to mitigating erosion damage to engine components. Nanolayered or multilayered coatings, because of their capability of tailoring hardness and toughness through modifications in the chemistry and architecture of layer constituents, have been explored as potential candidates for this specific application. In this study, nanolayered CrAlTiN (CrN/AlTiN) coatings with different modulation periods, along with multilayered CrAlTiN–AlTiN coatings having different number of layers and different thickness of individual layers, were fabricated, characterized and evaluated. All the coatings significantly outperformed the CrN baseline in erosion resistance, and their performance was strongly affected by the bilayer period of the nanolayered coatings or the layer architectural characteristics of multilayered coatings.
Proton magnetic resonance of some polyamides

Proton magnetic resonance of a number of polyamides has been investigated in the 80–410°K. range. Line width and second moment vs. temperature plots for dry specimens of poly(hexamethylene adipamide) and poly(hexamethylene sebacamide) are found to exhibit two transition regions. Saturation with H2O or D2O lowers the temperature of the principal line-narrowing process for the above two polymers as well as for poly(decamethylene sebacamide) and shifts part of the second-moment transition which occurs above room temperature to lower temperatures; in both cases H2O has a more pronounced effect than D2O. Exchange of the protons, presumably on the amide groups, for deuterium leads to small decreases in line width and second moment at temperature in and below the main transition. N-methylation of poly(decamethylene sebacamide) up to 58% causes marked shifts of the principal line-narrowing process and NMR second moment transition to lower temperatures. The NMR data are found to be in qualitative agreement with dynamic mechanical measurements on similar samples.
Ascorbic Acid and Collagen Synthesis: Rethinking a Role for Lipid Peroxidation

Ascorbic acid positively affects the synthesis of collagen, the most abundant extracellular protein. The mechanism by which ascorbate mediates the increased synthesis is debated. One recent hypothesis suggests that ascorbic acid induces an increase in lipid peroxidation and that this increase, in some manner, up-regulates collagen gene expression. Evidence is presented that indicate increases in lipid peroxidation [thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive material] is coincidental to collagen increases in ascorbate-treated cells, not a causal factor. Thus, cell impermeable iron chelators totally abolish ascorbate-mediated lipid peroxidation but do not affect collagen synthesis in the least. Decreases in TBA-reactive products seen at higher ascorbate levels (indicative of the well known pro- to antioxidant conversion of ascorbate in vitro) are paralleled by decreases in collagen synthesis. The decrease seen in collagen is completely reversed by treatment of the cell cultures with superoxide dismutase and catalase while the measure of lipid peroxidation is unaffected by coincubation with these antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, incubation conditions used to measure ascorbate induction of TBA-reactive material (buffers vs media, adherent vs detached cells) were found to be very important and results support the thesis that lipid peroxidation and collagen synthesis can be dissociated. While these results do not rule out a role for lipid mediators in regulating collagen synthesis at some level, they suggest this mechanism need not be involved for collagen increases seen in ascorbic acid-treated cells.
Behavioral effects of melanocyte stimulating hormone.

Abstract Consideration of the isolation, structure, localization, and biological actions of melanocyte stimulating hormone are followed by a review of its behavioral effects. Evidence pertaining to various hypotheses offered in explanation of these behavioral effects is examined and evaluated. It is concluded that MSH affects the neurophysiological processes that give rise to the phenomena which include the concept of attention.
Global stability of spiral flow

Energy and linear limits are calculated for the Poiseuille–Couette spiral motion between concentric cylinders which rotate rigidly and rotate and slide relative to one another. The addition of solid rotation can bring the linear limit down to the energy limit with coincidence achieved in the limit of infinitely fast rotation. If the differential rotation is also added, the solid rotation rate need be only finite to achieve near coincidence. Sufficient conditions for non-existence of sub-linear instability are derived. The basic spiral character of the instability is analysed and the results compared with the experiments of Ludwieg (1964).
Psoriasis Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in an Infant

Psoriasis is commonly reported in association with HIV in adults. A 3-month-old girl with HIV presented with a widespread eruption and was diagnosed with psoriasis. This is the first infant reported with psoriasis in association with HIV infection. The relationship between the two entities is discussed, as is the role of treatment with zidovudine.
An Electronic Insect Barrier for Laboratory Uses

A low-cost electronic barrier for easier handling of large numbers of climbing insects was constructed, using a Hartley oscillator as the basic circuit. This unit was tested and found to be effective for confining persistent climbers in 3 stored-product insect species: larvae of the Indian-meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner); adults of the saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.); and adults of the merchant grain beetle, O. mereator (Fauvel). This barrier system had the portability and small size of the direct-current type used by Wagner et al. (1964) and a neon relaxation oscillator (Arnold Insect Barrier Oscillator, Burkard Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire, England)3 described by Arnold (1967). It was also more portable and less expensive than the tube-oscillating unit described by Wheatley and Moczarski (1950). Unlike those barriers, the one described here featured a varied choice of frequencies and power at the output. A neon relaxation oscillator can be overloaded at its output, and the oscillations can be halted, whereas the transistor circuit can continue its oscillations with the output short circuited.
Thyroid function in the perinatal period

Abstract In the sheep fetus before 130 days gestation, plasma thyroxine and reverse triiodothyronine are elevated compared with the concentrations in the ewe. In contrast plasma triiodothyronine concentrations are low. In the 10 days or so before delivery, fetal plasma triiodothyronine concentration rises gradually and plasma thyroxine may fall slightly. These changes can be reproduced by the infusion of physiological doses of cortisol to the fetus at 130 days gestation. Very similar changes have been observed in the calf before and after term and cortisol induced premature delivery. After delivery at term there is a further rise in neonatal plasma triiodothyronine concentration. This rise is due to a further increase in peripheral deiodination probably resulting upon the increase in pO2 and the change in the external environment.
Measuring the Sea Quark Sivers Asymmetry: The E1039 Experiment at Fermilab

One of the continuing puzzles in QCD is the origin of the nucleon spin. All of the existing experimental data suggest that the contributions from the quark and gluon spins account only for about 50% of the nucleon spin. In order to account for the remaining 50%, one has to include the orbital angular momentum of the quarks and gluons. One way to establish if quarks carry significant angular momentum, is to perform a measurement of the Sivers function, which describes the correlation of the spin direction of the nucleon with the transverse momentum of the quark. We will describe the E1039 experiment at Fermilab, which will measure the Sivers asymmetry of the sea quarks via the Drell-Yan process, using a 120 GeV unpolarized proton beam on a transversely polarized NH3 target.
Low energy electron-enhanced etching of GaN/Si in hydrogen direct current plasma

The authors have demonstrated low energy electron-enhanced etching (LE4) of 1.0 {micro}m thick films of GaN on (100) Si substrates with good anisotropy. The etch rate increased from 70 to 525 {angstrom}/min as the sample temperature increased from 50 to 250 C. Auger spectra indicated that surface stoichiometry was essentially unchanged during LE4 at process temperatures below 100 C; samples etched at higher temperatures showed excess gallium at the surface.
Photosynthetic Adaptation to High Temperatures: A Field Study in Death Valley, California

The photosynthesis of Tidestromia oblongifolia (Amranthaceae) is remarkably well adapted to operate at the very high summer temperatures of the native habitat on the floor of Death Valley. The photosynthetic rate was very high and reached its daily maximum when the light intensity reached its noon maximum at the high leaf temperatures of 460 degrees to 50 degrees C which occurred at this time. At the intensity of noon sunlight the rate decreased markedly when the leaf temperature was experimentally reduced to below 44 degrees C. The optimum rate occurred at 47 degrees C. At this temperature the photosynthetic rate was essentially directly proportional to light intensity up to full sunlight.
Control of Precise Positioning System with Cascaded Colinear Actuators

With the current emphasis on precision in science and engineering, there are increasing requirements for precise manipulation systems that operate over a range of several centimeters or greater with an accuracy in the sub-micrometer range. A control concept is presented which addresses the problem of using two controllers operating in a parallel fashion to form the inputs to a pair of cascaded colinear actuators. This is the problem encountered in precision positioning systems when one actuator acts as a long range course positioner and the other a shorter range fine positioner. Typically the short range actuator has a much higher bandwidth than the long range actuator and this poses a difficult control problem when fast accurate positioning is required. A linear mechanical positioning system is described and techniques for controlling position to 80 nm over a 25 cm range using cascaded colinear actuators are presented. The computer control system included a high speed Digital Signal Processing (DSP) chip to implement the digital control algorithms. A unique method of handling known decaying periodic disturbances based on the Internal Model Principle was also developed. This method resulted in a 70% reduction of positioning error while in the presence of this external disturbance.
Highly reliable and fast nonvolatile hybrid switching ReRAM memory using thin Al 2 O 3 demonstrated at 54nm memory array

For the first time, very fast (10ns at even Reset) and high reliable (150°C 100h) ReRAM memory was demonstrated at 54 nm 256k bits array. Reset current successfully decreased up to 20uA using Al 2 O 3 which acts as a tunnel barrier and filament source in TiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 stack. From statistical analysis, the possibility of increasing array size and the key factor of resistance distribution were investigated.
CONSTRAINED QUADRILATERAL MESHES OF BOUNDED SIZE

We introduce a new algorithm to convert triangular meshes of polygonal regions, with or without holes, into strictly convex quadrilateral meshes of small bounded size. Our algorithm includes all vertices of the triangular mesh in the quadrilateral mesh, but may add extra vertices (called Steiner points). We show that if the input triangular mesh has t triangles, our algorithm produces a mesh with at most quadrilaterals by adding at most t+2 Steiner points, one of which may be placed outside the triangular mesh domain. We also describe an extension of our algorithm to convert constrained triangular meshes into constrained quadrilateral ones. We show that if the input constrained triangular mesh has t triangles and its dual graph has h connected components, the resulting constrained quadrilateral mesh has at most quadrilaterals and at most t+3h Steiner points, one of which may be placed outside the triangular mesh domain. Examples of meshes generated by our algorithm, and an evaluation of the quality of these meshes with respect to a quadrilateral shape quality criterion are presented as well.
Face-Emotion Processing in Offspring at Risk for Panic Disorder

Objective: Panic disorder (PD) has been linked to perturbed processing of threats. This study tested the hypotheses that offspring of parents with PD and offspring with anxiety disorders display relatively greater sensitivity and attention allocation to fear provocation. Method: Offspring of adults with PD, major depressive disorder (MDD), or no disorder (ages 9–19) viewed computer-presented face photographs depicting angry, fearful, and happy faces. Offspring rated (1) subjectively experienced fear level, (2) how hostile the face appeared, and (3) nose width. Attention allocation was indexed by latency to perform ratings. Results: Compared with offspring of parents without PD (n = 79), offspring of PD parents (n = 65) reported significantly more fear and had slower reaction times to rate fear, controlling for ongoing anxiety disorder in the offspring. Offspring with an anxiety disorder (n = 65) reported significantly more fear than offspring without an anxiety disorder but not when parental PD was controlled. Social phobia but no other anxiety disorder in offspring was associated with slower reaction times for fear ratings (but not greater fear ratings). Parental PD and offspring social phobia independently predicted slower reaction time. Conclusions: Results support an association between parental PD and offspring responses to fear provocation. Social phobia in children may have a specific relationship to allocation of attention to subjective anxiety during
Evaluating TCP-friendliness in light of Concurrent Multipath Transfer

In prior work, a CMT protocol using SCTP multihoming (termed SCTP-based CMT) was proposed and investigated for improving application throughput. SCTP-based CMT was studied in (bottleneck-independent) wired networking scenarios with ns-2 simulations. This paper studies the TCP-friendliness of CMT in the Internet. In this paper, we surveyed historical developments of the TCP-friendliness concept and argued that the original TCP-friendliness doctrine should be extended to incorporate multihoming and SCTP-based CMT. Since CMT is based on (single-homed) SCTP, we first investigated TCP-friendliness of single-homed SCTP. We discovered that although SCTP's congestion control mechanisms were intended to be ''similar'' to TCP's, being a newer protocol, SCTP specification has some of the proposed TCP enhancements already incorporated which results in SCTP performing better than TCP. Therefore, SCTP obtains larger share of the bandwidth when competing with a TCP flavor that does not have similar enhancements. We concluded that SCTP is TCP-friendly, but achieves higher throughput than TCP, due to SCTP's better loss recovery mechanisms just as TCP-SACK and TCP-Reno perform better than TCP-Tahoe. We then investigated the TCP-friendliness of CMT. Via QualNet simulations, we found out that one two-homed CMT association has similar or worse performance (for smaller number of competing TCP flows) than the aggregated performance of two independent, single-homed SCTP associations while sharing the link with other TCP connections, for the reason that a CMT flow creates a burstier data traffic than independent SCTP flows. When compared to the aggregated performance of two-independent TCP connections, one two-homed CMT obtains a higher share of the tight link bandwidth because of better loss recovery mechanisms in CMT. In addition, sharing of ACK information makes CMT more resilient to losses. Although CMT obtains higher throughput than two independent TCP flows, CMT's AIMD-based congestion control mechanism allows other TCP flows to co-exist in the network. Therefore, we concluded that CMT is TCP-friendly, similar to two TCP-Reno flows are TCP-friendly when compared to two TCP-Tahoe flows.
Differential temperature sensitivity of normal and cancer cells in culture

Serially-propagated growing heteroploid and growing diploid cell cultures do not survive incubation at 42° for 24 hours, whereas contact-inhibited diploid monolayers are still viable after at least nine days at this elevated temperature. Heat-treated heteroploid HeLa cells and growing diploid cells exhibit a variety of morphologic abnormalities, but contact-inhibited cells are only minimally affected. A similar differential temperature sensitivity exists in the synthesis of cellular macromolecular components such as DNA, RNA, and protein: incorporation of radioactive precursors is drastically reduced in growing diploid and heteroploid cells after 24 hours at 42°, but not in contact-inhibited cells. Incorporation of labelled glucose, choline, or linolenic acid is actually enhanced in heat-treated contact-inhibited cells.