cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Turbulence and Bifurcation in North–South Higher-Education Partnerships for Research and Sustainable Development

The article analyzes processes and objectives of transnational higher-education partnerships (THEPs) devoted to research and sustainable development by applying concepts and insights from chaos theory, Rosenau’s work on turbulence, Farazmand’s contributions on institutionalized chaos and the management of cascading crises, and the transnational-competence framework. The bifurcation of research and development activity into asymmetrical and symmetrical processes and objectives provides the focus for analysis. Building on Farazmand’s insight regarding the positive possibilities of transformative change, the conclusion explores possibilities for amplifying the symmetrical trajectory. Given the structural forces of global capitalism and local political constraints, the range of symmetrical process- and outcome-path possibilities for THEPs is now bounded by the strange attractors of resource inequalities and collaborative decision making.
Biochemical genetics of Chinese hamster cell mutants with deviant purine metabolism III. Isolation and characterization of a mutant unable to convert IMP to AMP.

The isolation and characterization of a new mutant of Chinese ovary cells (CHO-K1) is described. This mutant, Ade−H, has the following properties: (1) it forms a new genetic complementation group; (2) it specifically requires adenine for growth and will not grow on aminoimidazole carboxamide (AIC) or hypoxanthine; (3) it accumulates IMP; (4) it cannot synthesize adenine nucleotides; (5) its phenotype can be mimicked by treatment of CHO-K1 (the wild type parental strain) with hadacidin, an inhibitor of adenylosuccinate synthetase (E.C.6.3.4.4). Thus, the site of the defect in this mutant is presumed to involve the step in adenylate biosynthesis catalyzed by this enzyme. The usefulness of Ade−H for the study of regulation of purine biosynthesis in mammalian cells is discussed.
Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: Definition and Reliability

• Recently, a renaissance of interest in "negative symptoms," eg, affective flattening or impoverishment of speech and language, has occurred. Although some investigators believe that these symptoms are important indicators of outcome, of response to treatment, and perhaps of a distinct, underlying pathologic process, research on the negative-symptom syndrome in schizophrenia has been handicapped because no standard instrument existed to assess it. This investigation reports on the developed Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. When symptoms are defined by objective behavioral indices, they have excellent interrater reliability. Furthermore, the five symptom complexes defined by the scale (affective flattening, alogia, avolition, anhedonia, and attentional impairment) have good internal consistency, which indicates that the conceptual organization of the scale is also cohesive.
Cytotoxicity of Amalgams

The purpose of this study was to compare the relative cytotoxicity of amalgams and to determine whether their toxicity depends upon composition and aging time, by means of a rapid and sensitive in vitro cell culture test. Zinc-containing amalgams showed higher cytotoxicity than did any other amalgams. High-copper amalgams had the same cytotoxicity as did the low-copper amalgam. The addition of selenium did not reduce the cytotoxicity of amalgam. Moreover, excessive additions of selenium increased the cytotoxicity of amalgam compared with that of a similar selenium-free material. The cytotoxicity of amalgam was decreased with aging time, possibly due to the combined effects of surface oxidation and further amalgamation.
The Transcription Factors Snail and Slug Activate the Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer

The transcriptional repressors Snail and Slug are situated at the core of several signaling pathways proposed to mediate epithelial to mesenchymal transition or EMT, which has been implicated in tumor metastasis. EMT involves an alteration from an organized, epithelial cell structure to a mesenchymal, invasive and migratory phenotype. In order to obtain a global view of the impact of Snail and Slug expression, we performed a microarray experiment using the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, which does not express detectable levels of Snail or Slug. MCF-7 cells were infected with Snail, Slug or control adenovirus, and RNA samples isolated at various time points were analyzed across all transcripts. Our analyses indicated that Snail and Slug regulate many genes in common, but also have distinct sets of gene targets. Gene set enrichment analyses indicated that Snail and Slug directed the transcriptome of MCF-7 cells from a luminal towards a more complex pattern that includes many features of the claudin-low breast cancer signature. Of particular interest, genes involved in the TGF-beta signaling pathway are upregulated, while genes responsible for a differentiated morphology are downregulated following Snail or Slug expression. Further we noticed increased histone acetylation at the promoter region of the transforming growth factor beta-receptor II (TGFBR2) gene following Snail or Slug expression. Inhibition of the TGF-beta signaling pathway using selective small-molecule inhibitors following Snail or Slug addition resulted in decreased cell migration with no impact on the repression of cell junction molecules by Snail and Slug. We propose that there are two regulatory modules embedded within EMT: one that involves repression of cell junction molecules, and the other involving cell migration via TGF-beta and/or other pathways.
Decade of Difference (1995-2005): An Examination of the Superintendent Search Consultants' Process on Long Island.

Background: Massive retirements, increased expectations, and mounting political pressures have resulted in a diminished talent pool for school superintendents. For school boards of the 124 school d...
Characterization and developmental regulation of tyramine-β- hydroxylase in the CNS of the moth, Manduca sexta

Octopamine (OA) is present in insect nervous tissue, but little is known about its biosynthesis. In the CNS of Manduca sexta, OA levels increase markedly during postembryonic adult development. To study this increase, we developed an assay for tyramineβ-hydroxylase, the putatively rate-limiting enzyme for OA biosynthesis. Tyramine-β-hydroxylase activity in extracts of M. sexta CNS tissue: (1) was time- and protein-dependent, and with protein concentrations up to 2 μg/μl, was linear for 20 min; (2) had a pH optimum of 7.0 for conversion of tyramine to OA; (3) required ascorbate, copper, and catalase; and (4) had an apparent KM, tyramine of 0.22∠0.04 mM. These characteristics resemble those of the mammalian enzyme dopamine-β-hydroxylase, suggesting that these two enzymes are functionally related. During adult development, tyramine-β-hydroxylase activity increased 11-fold in the brain and 9-fold in the abdominal ganglia, paralleling increases in OA levels in those CNS structures during metamorphosis. The apparent kinetic constants of tyramine-β-hydroxylase suggested that the amount of this enzyme present in the tissues increases. The increase in OA levels during adult development thus appears to be due to an increase in the level of enzyme available for OA synthesis and may reflect an increase in the number of octopaminergic neurons. © 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A review of thermal enhancement techniques for electronic systems

The demand for electronic components which will satisfy performance standards over a wide range of environmental conditions requires the use of thermal enhancement techniques. Recent thermal enhancement techniques for maximizing the thermal contact conductance, including greases, metallic foils and screens, composite materials and cements, and surface treatments are reviewed. The relative merits of the various enhancement techniques are summarized, and comparisons are made for selected thermal enhancement materials. For most electronic component uses, the use of greases poses a significant problem because of the potential for vaporization and/or migration to other surfaces in the component. The use of metallic foils and screens can provide thermal enhancement at an interface, depending upon the material properties as well as the contact temperature and applied load on the interface. There are a number of synthetic materials which can be used for thermal enhancement, and new materials are continuously being developed. Surface preparation or selected surface finishes can be used to enhance the heat transfer at an interface. Thin layers of vapor-deposited soft metals have been shown to improve the overall heat transfer at an interface significantly. >
Nutrient density: an important and useful tool for laboratory animal studies

Nutritional deficiencies or imbalances are suspected contributory factors to several types of human cancers, and perhaps other human diseases related to long-term metabolic derangements. In order to study these more effectively in laboratory animals, it is suggested that the laboratory diets more closely mimic the nutrient density of suspect human diets. Toxicology and carcinogenic data obtained in animal study using diets based on human nutrient density might be more readily applicable in relation to humans.
Soil Nutrients Limit Fine Litter Production and Tree Growth in Mature Lowland Forest of Southwestern Borneo

Efforts to improve models of terrestrial productivity and to understand the function of tropical forests in global carbon cycles require a mechanistic understanding of spatial variation in aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) across tropical landscapes. To help derive such an understanding for Borneo, we monitored aboveground fine litterfall, woody biomass increment and ANPP (their sum) in mature forest over 29 months across a soil nutrient gradient in southwestern Kalimantan. In 30 (0.07 ha) plots stratified throughout the watershed (∼340 ha, 8–190 m a.s.l.), we measured productivity and tested its relationship with 27 soil parameters. ANPP across the study area was among the highest reported for mature lowland tropical forests. Aboveground fine litterfall ranged from 5.1 to 11.0 Mg ha−1 year−1 and averaged 7.7 ± 0.4 (mean ± 95 C.I.). Woody biomass increment ranged from 5.8 to 23.6 Mg ha−1 year−1 and averaged 12.0 ± 2.0. Growth of large trees (≥60 cm dbh) contributed 38–82% of plot-wide biomass increment and explained 92% of variation among plots. ANPP, the sum of these parameters, ranged from 11.1 to 32.3 Mg ha−1 year−1 and averaged 19.7 ± 2.2. ANPP was weakly related to fine litterfall (r 2 = 0.176), but strongly related to growth of large trees at least 60 cm dbh (r 2 = 0.848). Adjusted ANPP after accounting for apparent “mature forest bias” in our sampling method was 17.5 ± 1.2 Mg ha−1 year−1.Relating productivity measures to soil parameters showed that spatial patterning in productivity was significantly related to soil nutrients, especially phosphorus (P). Fine litterfall increased strongly with extractable P (r 2 = 0.646), but reached an asymptote at moderate P levels, whereas biomass increment (r 2 = 0.473) and ANPP (r 2 = 0.603) increased linearly across the gradient. Biomass increment of large trees was more frequently and strongly related to nutrients than small trees, suggesting size dependency of tree growth on nutrients. Multiple linear regression confirmed the leading importance of soil P, and identified Ca as a potential co-limiting factor. Our findings strongly suggest that (1) soil nutrients, especially P, limit aboveground productivity in lowland Bornean forests, and (2) these forests play an important, but changing role in carbon cycles, as canopy tree logging alters these terrestrial carbon sinks.
An Economic Interpretation of the Constitutional Convention of 1787 Revisited

�Empirical studies of delegate voting at the Constitutional Convention have relied on the same 16 roll call votes. This article re-examines various assumptions used in the collection of these data. We first create a baseline regression. We then consider the effect of dropping delegates not in attendance, re-inferring the votes from primary sources, examining various subsamples of the roll calls, and reconstructing constituency variables to include state districts. Our findings suggest that personal interests were indeed important for decision making at the Constitutional Convention, but constituent interests were less important than previously claimed. ver since Charles Beard’s An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution was first published in 1913, scholars in history, economics, and political science have debated the motivation of the framers at the Constitutional Convention. Beard argued that “the members of the Philadelphia Convention which drafted the Constitution were, with few exceptions, immediately, directly, and personally interested in, and derived economic advantages from, the establishment of the new system.” 1 Specifically, he argued that the framers voted around two interests: those who primarily owned “realty” and those who primarily owned “personalty” or securities.
Visual memory in methamphetamine-dependent individuals: deficient strategic control of encoding and retrieval.

Objective: Chronic use of methamphetamine (MA) has moderate effects on neurocognitive functions associated with frontal systems, including the executive aspects of verbal episodic memory. Extending this literature, the current study examined the effects of MA on visual episodic memory with the hypothesis that a profile of deficient strategic encoding and retrieval processes would be revealed for visuospatial information (i.e., simple geometric designs), including possible differential effects on source versus item recall.Method: The sample comprised 114 MA-dependent (MA+) and 110 demographically-matched MA-nondependent comparison participants (MA−) who completed the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test − Revised (BVMT-R), which was scored for standard learning and memory indices, as well as novel item (i.e., figure) and source (i.e., location) memory indices.Results: Results revealed a profile of impaired immediate and delayed free recall (p<0.05) in the context of preserved learning slope, retention, and recog...
Transcrural coeliac plexus block simulated on 200 computed tomography images

Background We previously reported a modified transcrural coeliac plexus block (tCPB) case, using parameters obtained from a pre-procedural computed tomography (CT) image of that patient for the subsequent tCPB under fluoroscopy. In this study, we performed the same tCPB simulation on 200 CT images to determine optimal needle placement parameters with a comparison to the classic technique. Methods On each CT image across the coeliac trunk, the tCPB was simulated on both sides with the needle trajectory placed between the vertebra and organs targeting the coeliac trunk. The distances of the needle entrance from the midline, the insertion angles, and depths were measured and analysed in the groups: laterality, gender, intra-abdominal condition, and coeliac-aortic-vertebral (c-a-v) distribution. Results Thirty placements failed to avoid organ penetration. The left-sided placements required a shorter distance, 3.58 (1.02) cm, with a steeper angle, 84.1° (6.0°), than those for the right placements [7.04 (1.56) cm, 61.1° (6.2°)] ( P P P ≤0.05). Cancer patients required a shorter distance with a steeper angle for the right needle placements ( P Conclusions Needle placement parameters for tCPB vary in laterality, gender, pathologies, and c-a-v distributions. We would advocate a simulated block on individual patient's CT image to obtain relevant measurements for subsequent tCPB, although a clinical outcome study is warranted.
Mid-level representations for Computational Auditory Scene Analysis

In this paper we consider representations for use in models of the processing that occurs between the eardrum and our conscious experience of sound. We first list “good” properties for such mid-level representations, then present a framework within which to discuss some examples. We compare in detail two popular schemes — sinusoid tracks and correlograms — and propose a new representation, wefts, which seeks to combine their advantages.
A Transmission Line Method to Compute the Far-Field Radiation of Arbitrarily Directed Hertzian Dipoles in a Multilayer Dielectric Structure: Theory and Applications

A transmission line method is proposed to compute the far-field radiation patterns of arbitrarily directed Hertzian dipoles that are embedded in a multilayer dielectric structure. The evaluation of the field in the far-zone region is transformed into the evaluation of the field inside the multilayer structure by applying the reciprocity theorem. The horizontal field component inside the structure is derived by analyzing a transmission line circuit, and the vertical component is obtained from the horizontal component by separating the forward and backward waves. This method is implemented and verified by IE3D for the case of a three-layer structure excited by either electric Hertzian dipoles, magnetic Hertzian dipoles, or their combination. The radiation patterns of any antenna embedded in a multilayer dielectric structure can be computed with this method after replacing the physical antenna with a set of Hertzian dipoles. As examples, a quarter wavelength thin wire monopole antenna and a dielectric resonator antenna, both embedded in a multilayer structure, are investigated. Furthermore, the arrangement of the structure is optimized to maximize the antenna directivity. The results are also verified by the simulation of the entire structure with IE3D
Room temperature semiconductor plasmon laser

Plasmon lasers are a new class of coherent optical amplifiers that generate and sustain light well below its diffraction limit [1-4]. Their intense, coherent and confined optical fields can enhance significantly light-matter interactions and bring fundamentally new capabilities to bio-sensing, data storage, photolithography and optical communications [5-11]. However, metallic plasmon laser cavities generally exhibit both high metal and radiation losses, limiting the operation of plasmon lasers to cryogenic temperatures, where sufficient gain can be attained. Here, we present room temperature semiconductor sub-diffraction limited laser by adopting total internal reflection of surface plasmons to mitigate the radiation loss, while utilizing hybrid semiconductor-insulator-metal nano-squares for strong confinement with low metal loss. High cavity quality factors, approaching 100, along with strong λ/20 mode confinement lead to enhancements of spontaneous emission rate by up to 18 times. By controlling the structural geometry we reduce the number of cavity modes to achieve single mode lasing.
Activity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex co-varies with revealed social preferences: evidence for person-invariant value

Although altruistic and selfish behaviors seem fundamentally incommensurable humans regularly choose between them. One model of such choices suggests that individuals ascribe a common form of subjective value to their own outcomes and those of others. To test this ‘person invariance’ hypothesis, we asked individuals to choose between allocating varying amounts of money to themselves or to a partner. Participants’ choice patterns provided an estimate of the relative value they placed on their own and others’ gains. These estimates were used to isolate neural activity correlating with the subjective value of gains irrespective of the recipient (self or other) during a separate set of trials in which rewards were offered only to the self or partner. Activity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex scaled with this person-invariant value parameter, consistent with earlier demonstrations that this region supports common value computation. These data suggest that individuals reduce the value associated with their own and others’ experiences to a common subjective scale, which is used to guide social decision-making.
Purinergic P2X Receptors Mediate Excitatory Transmission to Cardiac Vagal Neurons in the Nucleus Ambiguus After Hypoxia

Challenges such as hypoxia elicit a powerful response from both the central cardiovascular and respiratory neuronal networks. Recent work indicates that purinergic neurotransmission in the brain stem is an important modulator of central respiratory network responses to hypoxia. This study tests whether alterations in purinergic neurotransmission extend beyond respiratory responses to hypoxia and also mediates respiratory inputs to cardiac vagal neurons. To examine central cardiorespiratory responses to hypoxia, we used an in vitro medullary slice that allows simultaneous examination of rhythmic respiratory-related activity and synaptic neurotransmission to cardioinhibitory vagal neurons. Here we show that P2X receptor activation mediates respiratory-related excitatory neurotransmission to parasympathetic cardiac vagal neurons, the dominant control of heart rate. These data demonstrate a critical functional role for adenosine 5'-triphosphate-mediated purinergic signaling in facilitating respiratory-related excitatory neurotransmission to cardiac vagal neurons after hypoxia.
Concerning several methods for estimating crop acreages using remote sensing data

The objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive survey of the proportion estimation methods so far found in the literature and a newly proposed method based on the concept of statistically equivalent blocks. All methods are restricted to the case of normal mixtures only. Graphical and semigraphical techniques are excluded. Several proportion estimation methods have been described and their properties discussed.
Helical pinhole SPECT for small-animal imaging: a method for addressing sampling completeness

Pinhole collimators are widely used to image small organs and small animals because sensitivity and resolution improve as the distance between the aperture and the object decreases. Axial blurring is present in reconstruction of SPECT projection data when pinhole apertures follow a circular orbit because the object is incompletely sampled. For an object with constant axial extent, the blurring worsens as the radius of rotation (ROR) decreases. In contrast, helical orbits of pinhole collimators can give complete sampling at small ROR, where sensitivity and resolution are improved. Herein, a metric of sampling completeness is introduced. It is used to evaluate the sampling of an object as a function of ROR, axial position, and radial position for circular orbits. The metric is also used to determine the completely sampled volume for a helical orbit of a pinhole aperture. Experimental and computer-simulated projections of circular orbits and helical orbits are reconstructed, yielding similar results; helical orbits reduce axial blurring because of their sampling properties.
Models for spatial interaction data: computation and interpretation of accessibility

The paper is in the area of spatial optimization, for simulating and understanding spatial interaction. The model foundation is from Wilson's "doubly constrained" model of spatial interaction. The idea is to perform a sensitivity analysis on the parameters of this model and to interpret the results in terms of accessibility. The main purpose of this type of analysis is to use data from interaction systems to uncover structural effects that help to understand the role of origin and destination location, and accessibility. US air passenger traffic is used as the starting point for the model. The model reproduces many of the features of the data with a parsimonious set of parameters, leaving some aspects of the analysis open to interpretation. An innovative idea in this paper is to compute averages and other measures directly from the data, fit a model to these data, and then to use the fitted (and observed) matrices to evaluate numerous theoretically inspired measurements. This paper (in a modular way) develops the introduction and context, and then moves to theory, spatial disaggregation, and empirical applications.
Role of Self-Esteem in Perceptions of Ability and Effort Illogic or Insight?

According to Heider (1958), ability and effort are viewed as inversely related. However, indirect evidence suggests that some persons (i.e., those who are confident in their abilities) view effort as an indication of high ability. The present experiment was designed to test this issue more fully and to address whether this is due to a failure to employ rules of inference, or due to an assumption that those "who try hard are smart. "Participants were presented with a scenario in which a target expended effort, withdrew effort intentionally, or withdrew effort unintentionally (i.e., an unforeseen occurrence prevented effort expenditure) in preparation for an examination. Subjects were then told that the target had performed well or poorly on the examination. Findings indicated that when a target performed poorly, high-esteem persons viewed a target who expended effort as higher in ability than one who intentionally withdrew effort. However, they also viewed a target who withdrew effort unintentionally as mo...
GDNF hyperalgesia is mediated by PLCγ, MAPK/ERK, PI3K, CDK5 and Src family kinase signaling and dependent on the IB4‐binding protein versican

The function of the isolectin B4 (IB4 + )-binding and GDNF-dependent Ret (Ret + )-expressing non-peptidergic subpopulation of nociceptors remain poorly understood. We demonstrate that acute administration of GDNF sensitizes nociceptors and produces mechanical hyperalgesia in the rat. Intrathecal IB4–saporin, a selective toxin for IB4 + ⁄ Ret + -nociceptors, attenuates GDNF but not NGF hyperalgesia. Conversely, intrathecal antisense to Trk A attenuated NGF but not GDNF hyperalgesia. Intrathecal administration of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeting mRNA for versican, the molecule that renders the Ret-expressing nociceptors IB4positive (+), also attenuated GDNF but not NGF hyperalgesia, as did ADAMTS-4, a matrix metalloprotease known to degrade versican. Finally, inhibitors for all five signaling pathways known to be activated by GDNF at GFRa1 ⁄ Ret: PLCc, CDK5, PI3K, MAPK ⁄ ERK and Src family kinases, attenuated GDNF hyperalgesia. Our results demonstrate a role of the non-peptidergic nociceptors in pain produced by the neurotrophin GDNF and suggest that the IB4-binding protein versican functions in the expression of this phenotype.
Twig Morphology and Host Effects on Emergence Patterns and Sex Ratios of the Twig Girdler, Oncideres cingulata (Say) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Abstract. Emergence patterns and sex ratios of the twig girdler, Oncideres cingulata (Say), were examined during 2004–2005 relative to measures of twig morphology and species of host tree. Emergence patterns varied significantly between study years, by sex, and among host species. Beetles emerged an average of 10 days earlier in 2004 than in 2005. Mean date of emergence for male beetles was 3 days earlier than for females. Beetles emerged from twigs girdled from honey locust (Gleditisia triacanthos L.) a day earlier than from American elm (Ulmus americana L.), 2 days earlier than from pecan (Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch), and 4 days earlier than from birch (Betula nigra L.). However, regression models found only weak relationships between twig morphology parameters and the timing of emergence of beetle adults. Similarly, sex ratios were unrelated to any aspect of twig morphology and did not vary between years or among host species.
Analysis of carbon nitride growth in pedestal reactors by chemical vapor deposition

Abstract The chemical vapor deposition of polycrystalline carbon nitride in stagnation flow reactors is simulated. A model is used to predict the gas phase chemistry, temperature and velocity profiles, potential gaseous film growth precursors, and to evaluate the likelihood of bond rearrangement occurring in the bulk phase or on the deposition surface once the gaseous precursors are adsorbed. Numerical studies are carried out to predict the effects of inlet and substrate temperatures, reactor pressure, and inlet gas composition on the gas phase chemistry. Potential gaseous film growth precursors of carbon nitride are determined by quantitatively comparing the calculated results against existing experimental data. Results of the model indicate that the gas phase chemistry, including the gas composition at the deposition surface, is strongly affected by reactor pressure and inlet gas composition. However, the gas composition at the deposition surface does not depend strongly on the inlet temperature, while it is found to be strongly dependent on the substrate temperature. Since no correlation is found between the predicted near-surface concentrations of potential film growth precursors and experimentally measured bond types in the carbon nitride films, the experimentally measured bond types in the films must therefore result from chemical bond rearrangement occurring on the deposition surface or in the bulk phase once the gaseous precursors are adsorbed. Comparison between the calculated film growth rate using potential growth precursors and experimental data indicates that the CHx (x = 0,2,3), C2H2, NHx (x = 0,1,2), and HxCN (x = 1,2) species are the most probable crystalline carbon nitride growth species. Among these, C and CH3 dominate the carbon contribution to the film growth, and N is the primary nitrogen bearing species responsible for the film growth. The sum of predicted film growth rates for carbon bearing species is comparable to the experimentally determined film growth rate.
Methadone and Breastfeeding: New Horizons

For 18 years (from September 1983 until September 2001), the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended that methadone was only compatible with breastfeeding at maternal doses ≤20 mg per 24 hours.1–3 This effectively eliminated breastfeeding for the majority of US women on methadone maintenance therapy, because high doses are usually given in the third trimester to offset the apparent increase in methadone metabolism during pregnancy. In September 2001, with the release of the latest AAP statement,4 the dose restriction for methadone was eliminated, making methadone compatible with breastfeeding. With a national incidence of 1 to 3/1000,5 up to 120 000 newborns with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) may be affected by this change. This new AAP recommendation requires us to reexamine our policies, create new guidelines for women on methadone maintenance who choose to breastfeed, and take a fresh look at our approach to the complex, disconcerting issue of drug-abusing mothers and NAS infants. NAS attributable to methadone withdrawal has been well-described and does not occur immediately after birth for several reasons. In the early neonatal period, because of placental transfer of the drug, methadone levels in the infant are similar to in utero levels and then slowly decline because of the drug’s long half-life. Thus, withdrawal symptoms may not commence until 48 to 72 hours of life. Since the publication of … Reprint requests to (B.L.P.) Division of General Pediatrics, Maternity Building, 4th Floor, 91 E Concord St, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118. E-mail: bobbi.philipp{at}bmc.org
Misvaluation and Behavioral Bias in Financial Markets

Early models in finance posit that security prices respond quickly to new information and accurately reflect their fundamental values. More recent work indicates that market frictions and the psychological limitations of traders can cause asset prices to deviate from their fundamental values for a considerable length of time. In this paper, we develop an empirical method that tests for and estimates the degree of valuation bias. Being better able to detect valuation bias reveals profit opportunities and may improve the efficiency of financial markets if it sufficiently changes trader behavior.
Muscarinic receptor characterization in differentiating avian exocrine cells

The type of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in exocrine cells of the avian nasal gland in the undifferentiated quiescent (naive) stage and in the partly differentiated salt-secreting (stressed) stage was characterized by ligand binding experiments and by probing receptor messenger RNA with oligonucleotide probes specific for the mammalian receptor subtypes. Competition-binding studies using l-quinuclidinyl [phenyl-4-3H]benzilate and a series of other ligands indicated the presence of only one type of receptor in both cell types. Pharmacological characterization of its ligand-binding properties revealed similarities with the mammalian M3 type. However, 4-[[[(3-chlorophenyl)amino]carbonyl]oxy]-N,N,N-trimethyl-2-butyn-1 - aminium chloride, generally a partial agonist in cells expressing mammalian M1 receptors, released calcium from intracellular stores in naive and stressed cells. To resolve this, we attempted to characterize the salt gland receptor by molecular means. Northern analysis of salt gland mRNA revealed weak signals only with oligonucleotide probes corresponding to the mammalian m1 receptor type. However, at higher stringencies these signals faded, indicating that the salt gland receptor may resemble the mammalian m1 subtype but has probably a considerable degree of sequence divergence. Such divergence may also explain the observed differences in pharmacological behavior between the avian and the mammalian glandular receptors.
Glomerular filtration rate in conscious unrestrained starlings under dehydration.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured in conscious unrestrained starlings, Sturnis vulgaris. Alzet osmotic minipumps were inserted into the peritoneal cavity under lidocaine local anesthesia and served to infuse the GFR marker [14C]sodium ferrocyanide. GFR was measured in hydrated birds and again after a 24-h period of water deprivation. GFR in dehydrated birds was 1.15 +/- 0.09 ml.min-1.kg-1, significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than the 2.71 +/- 0.31 ml.min-1.kg-1 in fully hydrated animals. In addition, the GFR of the hydrated birds was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than values of 4.43 +/- 0.24 ml.min-1.kg-1 measured in hydrated anesthetized birds during micropuncture studies. A 24-h period of water deprivation caused significant increases in plasma osmolality and concentration of sodium, chloride, and phosphate. The osmolality and concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate were significantly elevated in both cloacal urine supernatant and in ureteral urine of dehydrated birds. In both hydrated and dehydrated states, the concentration of magnesium, phosphate, potassium, and total osmolality were significantly higher in cloacal urine than in ureteral urine.
A Fleet Risk Prediction Methodology for Mistuned IBRs using Geometric Mistuning Models

An improved spatial statistical approach and probabilistic prediction method for mistuned integrally bladed rotors is proposed and validated with a large population of rotors. Prior work utilized blade-alone principal component analysis to model spatial variation arising from geometric deviations contributing to forced response mistuning amplification. Often, these studies considered a single rotor measured by contact probe coordinate measurement machines to assess the predictive capabilities of spatial statistics through principal component analysis. The validity of the approach has not yet been demonstrated on a large population of mistuned rotors representative of operating fleets, a shortcoming addressed in this work. Furthermore, this work improves the existing predictions by applying principal component methods to sets of airfoil (rotor) measurements, thus effectively capturing blade-to-blade spatial correlations. In conjunction with bootstrap sampling, the method is validated with a set of 32 rotors and quantifies the subset size needed to characterize the population. The work combines a novel statistical representation of rotor geometric mistuning with that of probabilistic techniques to predict the known distribution of forced response amplitudes.
Investigation of the Ice Particles Formation in an Auger Driven Heat Exchanger

The purpose of this paper is to investigate heat transfer in the course of ice particle fabrication. The particles propelled by compressed air were used for surface processing. The ice particles were produced in a parallel flow heat exchanger fed with water and liquid nitrogen. The stresses generated in the ice in the course of freezing resulted in formation of ice particles. The particles size was determined by the stress field. In this work the numerical investigation, based on the previously acquired experimental data, was carried out and the effect of the device productivity on the rate of heat exchange was determined. These results will be used in the design of industrial scale system for powder production.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Composition dependency of crystallization in Fe80 (B1-xPx)20 amorphous alloys

The annealing behavior of amorphous materials particularly the ribbon alloys involving iron group transition metals with the metalloids have been investigated extensively in the past.1-6 Two distinct annealing stages often occur in transforming the amorphous structure into the equilibrium two phase state where the first annealing stage is usually associated with a transition to an intermediate metastable structure while the second stage transforms this intermediate structure to the equilibrium state1-3
Bilateral massive adrenal hemorrhage

A systematic review of the etiopathogenesis of adrenal hemorrhage reveals that the factors that determine the occurrence of this complication in a patient can be identified prospectively. Such prospective diagnostic suspicion allows the significance of the otherwise nonspecific clinical features heralding this catastrophe to be appreciated in the precrisis interval. Confirmation of the diagnosis is achieved by visual demonstration of bilaterally enlarged and hyperdense adrenal glands on a CT scan and by demonstration of adrenocortical failure on hormonal evaluation. Preemptive steroid therapy and diagnostic evaluation during the precrisis period prevent the occurrence of a potentially disastrous adrenal crisis in a patient who is seriously ill from other problems and who cannot afford a setback of this severity. Because steroid therapy delayed until the stage of crisis may be unsuccessful in salvaging such a patient, prospective recognition must be based on identifying the patient at risk for BMAH and recognizing the significance of the nonspecific clinical features that accompany it in the appropriate clinical context.
Chronic diarrhea in a 57-year-old woman with diabetes.

A woman with a 20-yeer history of diabetes presents with episodic diarrhea. What is the diagnosis and treatment?
Differentiation of three groups of poliomyelitis virus.

ConclusionsThese results in conjunction with those of the previous study indicate that 3 groups of poliomyelitis virus have been demonstrated. I. One group encompasses at least 9 viruses compared in this study: Bk, McK, Ca., Fr, Mi, Gu, KO, Cp. and Br. This group, which includes the greatest number tested to date has been designated tentatively as Group I. II. Another group so far comprises the La and MV viruses. III. A third virus, Le, differs sufficiently from the above two groups to represent a third group.
The biological effects of magnetic fields—A survey

The literature relevant to the biological effects of applied magnetic fields has been reviewed. Reported effects vary with the type of field applied and the duration of application. The production of magneto phosphenes by the application of alternating fields (of certain frequencies) is a well accepted phenomenon. The major question, at this time, seems to be the mode of action responsible. Medium to high strength, non-uniform, steady-state fields have well documented effects upon rapidly growing tissues. Steady-state fields with strengths approximating the natural geomagnetic field are reported to produce alterations in the pattern of biological cycles.
JSP techniques of MIS on a 3-tiered architecture

Firstly,JSP,Servlet,JavaBean,Connect Pool,Tag Libraries and MVC pattern which are made of MIS on a 3-tiered Architecture are introduced in this paper.Then,making the best of these techniques,a electric bookstore is designed and the key ones are analyzed.
Patron Preferences: Recreational Reading in an Academic Library

Abstract In 2014, Sam Houston State University Library librarians distributed a survey to students, faculty and staff to better understand how the university community was using library materials for recreational reading. The survey found that patrons had preference for print materials with a growing interest in other formats. A significant number of respondents did not view the library as a source of recreational reading materials; those who did read across a broad swath of genres. Greater understanding of patron recreational reading preferences empower the library to expand the library collection to meet all patron demands.
Age and Growth of Rachycentron canadum (L.) (Cobia) from the Nearshore Waters of South Carolina

Abstract The purpose of this study was to define growth parameters, age-at-length, and the sex ratio for Rachycentron canadum (Cobia) in Port Royal Sound and the nearshore waters of South Carolina. We sampled Cobia from recreational-fishing efforts, and used otoliths to estimate age. Female Cobia (n = 245) fork length (FL) ranged from 798 mm to 1425 mm (mean = 1059 mm) and male (n = 221) FL ranged from 670 mm to 1183 mm (mean = 936 mm). The ratio of females to males was 1.1:1.0. Cobia ranged in age from 2 to 11 years; most (60.8%) were age 3. Estimates of von Bertalanffy growth parameters for Cobia were L∞ = 1212, K = 0.53, and t0 = -0.13 for females and L∞ = 1101, K = 0.51, and t0 = -0.13 for males. Life-history characteristics of Cobia as defined by this study provide managers with critical age-at-length and growth information necessary for the effective management of the species.
Characterizing regression in Phelan McDermid Syndrome (22q13 deletion syndrome).

Abstract Purpose To describe the frequency and characteristics of developmental regression in a sample of 50 patients with Phelan McDermid Syndrome (PMS) and investigate the possibility of association between regression, epilepsy, and electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities and deletion size. Methods The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) was used to evaluate regression in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PMS. Information on seizure history and EEGs was obtained from medical record review. Deletion size was determined by DNA microarray. Results A history of regression at any age was present in 43% of all patients. Among those exhibiting regression, 67% had onset after the age of 30 months, affecting primarily motor and self-help skills. In 63% of all patients there was a history of seizures and a history of abnormal EEG was also present in 71%. No significant associations were found between regression and seizures or EEG abnormalities. Deletion size was significantly associated with EEG abnormalities, but not with regression or seizures. Conclusion This study found a high rate of regression in PMS. In contrast to regression in autism, that often occurs earlier in development and affects language and social skills, we found regression in PMS most frequently has an onset in mid-childhood, affecting motor and self-help skills. We also found high rates of seizures and abnormal EEGs in patients with PMS. However, a history of abnormal EEG and seizures was not associated with an increased risk of regression. Larger deletion sizes were found to be significantly associated with a history of abnormal EEG.
Dose-finding and safety study of an oncolytic polio/rhinovirus recombinant against recurrent glioblastoma.

2094 Background: Current therapies for glioblastoma are limited by ineffective delivery beyond the blood-brain barrier, limited diffusion of macromolecules, and lack of tumor specificity. Sustained direct intracerebral infusion at slow flow rates [convection-enhanced delivery (CED)] can overcome delivery barriers. PVSRIPO is the live attenuated, oral (SABIN) serotype 1 poliovirus vaccine containing a heterologous internal ribosomal entry site stemming from human rhinovirus type 2. PVSRIPO recognizes nectin-like molecule-5, an oncofetal cell adhesion molecule and tumor antigen widely expressed ectopically in malignancy. We report the results of an ongoing phase I study evaluating PVSRIPO when delivered by CED. Methods: Eligible on study are adult patients with: 1-5 cm of measurable supratentorial recurrent glioblastoma ≥1cm away from the ventricles; ≥4 weeks after chemotherapy, bevacizumab or study drug; adequate organ function; KPS ≥70%; and positive anti-poliovirus titer. PVSRIPO is delivered intratumora...
Secondary Hematoma Expansion and Perihemorrhagic Edema after Intracerebral Hemorrhage: From Bench Work to Practical Aspects

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) comprises 10-15% strokes annually in the United States. A key factor affecting ICH outcome is hematoma size and hematoma expansion. Although death may occur acutely at the sentinel ICH event, delayed neurologic deterioration often occurs with the evolution of the hematoma and injury of the surrounding tissue. Peri-hematoma edema (PHE) has also been implicated as a contributing factor for delayed neurologic deterioration after ICH. Cerebral edema results from both blood brain barrier disruption and local generation of osmotically active substances. Inflammatory cellular mediators, activation of the complement, by-products of coagulation and hemolysis such as thrombin and fibrin, and hemoglobin enter the brain and induce a local and systemic inflammatory reaction. These complex cascades lead to apoptosis or neuronal injury. By identifying the major modulators of cerebral edema after ICH, a therapeutic target to counter degenerative events may be forthcoming.
Corrugated Box Compression Strength Humidity Adjustment Factor

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