cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Community Health Workers: A Missing Piece of the Puzzle for Complex Patients With Diabetes?

The prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes in the U.S. continues to rise, particularly among racial and ethnic minorities and individuals with low socioeconomic status. The U.S. population with diabetes is also increasingly complex, due in part to a greater prevalence of comorbidities, changing demographics, and the unique challenges faced by vulnerable populations in accessing care. Many “non-medical” factors further contribute to patient complexity, including language abilities, socioeconomic barriers, financial stressors, and inadequate insurance coverage.1 And with the advent of the Affordable Care Act, more Latinos and other chronically uninsured or under-insured patients are now presenting for primary care2 at a time of continuing shortage of culturally and linguistically concordant primary care providers.3
Satellite-derived global sea surface temperature fields: 1982-1989

The SASWG [SST (Sea Surface Temperature) Archiving Science Working Group], formed in early 1987 by NASA and NOAA, suggested production of two classes of SST products to meet the needs of the scientific community: SST fields addressing the needs of feature-related studies, and SST values accompanied by ancillary spectral and geometric parameters addressing the needs of heat flux related studies. Following the recommendations of the SASWG, NASA identified a smaller group to define the steps required to produce the feature-related product and to begin execution of the first steps. The underlying assumption in beginning this effort was that the required fields could be produced, as suggested by the SASWG, from the global GAC (Global Area Coverage) AVHRR/2 data set that extends from June 1981 to present. In that interests within the terrestrial community for global vegetation maps using the portion of GAC data covering the continents could be met with the same data stream, NASA also suggested integrating the production of the feature-related SST fields and the vegetation index. The perceived benefit is that, in addition to making these fields available to the research scientists in both communities, the integration of the production of these fields will serve as an excellent prototype for the production of interdisciplinary fields that must be undertaken as part of NASA's EOS effort. This manuscript deals with considerations going into defining the feature-related products, the steps outlined for their actual production, and the progress made thus far.
Smart materials for polymer-stabilized reflective cholesteric displays

Liquid crystal/polymer network composites are formed by mixing small amounts of mesogenic monomers and liquid crystals. The monomers are then photo-polymerized in liquid crystalline phases. The polymer networks, whose orientation is controlled by the surface alignment or external field, are anisotropic. Afterwards, we use the resultant ordered networks, influenced by the orientation of liquid crystals, to stabilize cholesteric textures and develop three different types of displays. A tunable chiral material (TCM), whose chirality can be photochemically altered by exposing the materials to UV light, is integrated into the production of a multicolor reflective cholesteric display.
The decay of 6 min Te115

Abstract The 6 min positon activity induced in tin by 20 MeV alpha-particle bombardment has been studied. Its identification as Te 115 has been confirmed. Studies of its radiations by means of scintillation spectroscopy have led to energy and intensity measurements of eight nuclear gamma-radiations and determination of the maximum positon energy of 2800 keV. Coincidence studies have assisted construction of a tentative decay scheme.
An analysis of graph cut size for transductive learning

I consider the setting of transductive learning of vertex labels in graphs, in which a graph with n vertices is sampled according to some unknown distribution; there is a true labeling of the vertices such that each vertex is assigned to exactly one of k classes, but the labels of only some (random) subset of the vertices are revealed to the learner. The task is then to find a labeling of the remaining (unlabeled) vertices that agrees as much as possible with the true labeling. Several existing algorithms are based on the assumption that adjacent vertices are usually labeled the same. In order to better understand algorithms based on this assumption, I derive data-dependent bounds on the fraction of mislabeled vertices, based on the number (or total weight) of edges between vertices differing in predicted label (i.e., the size of the cut).
Beam-deflection optical tomography of a flame

We report three-dimensional index-of-refraction measurements in a methane–air slot diffusion flame and a methane–air slot subsonic jet using beam-deflection optical tomography. The horizontal and vertical spatial resolutions are 0.26 and 0.635 mm, respectively. The peak temperature is calculated from the index-of-refraction map for the flame and compared with thermocouple temperature measurements.
CEO ownership and effective boards: impacts on firm outcomes:

We examine the impact of boards of directors on shareholder returns arising from acquisition announcements in the context of varying CEO ownership levels. Agency theory emphasizes the benefits of i...
Long-term neural recording characteristics of wire microelectrode arrays implanted in cerebral cortex

Abstract This paper describes a detailed protocol for obtaining chronic, multi-site unit recordings in cerebral cortex of awake animals for periods of three months or more. The protocol includes details for making relatively simple and inexpensive implantable multichannel electrodes that consist of arrays of separate microwires. The results reported in this paper suggest that a viable implant will have discriminable unit activity on about 80% of the electrodes, resulting in, on average, the simultaneous unit recording of upwards of 60 units during a daily recording session. The active electrodes during one recording session tend to remain active in subsequent recording sessions for several weeks. Using the methods described here, implants have been constructed which incorporate several different electrode materials, coatings, sizes, and electrode separation within a single array. These microwire electrode arrays provide the basic technology for obtaining unit recordings for several months. This provides a model system for studying biocompatibility of neural implants, which is a critical component for the development of neural implants that have an indefinite working span. Themes: Sensory Systems Topics: Auditory systems: central physiology
International Commercial Negotiation and Arbitration

With the growth of the global market even the small auto parts seller in St. Paul Minnesota, U.S.A. has the possibility of selling in China. The neighborhood art dealer in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia can buy silk paintings from Vietnam and sell them on Manley Beach. It is necessary for all lawyers, even those practicing in St. Paul, Minnesota or Sydney, New South Wales, to understand commercial negotiation and arbitration on both the national and international scale. Negotiation makes the deal; arbitration resolves conflict which arises out of the deal. Both developed and developing countries must train its lawyers and business people how to make the deal and how to resolve difficulties from the contract. International Commercial Negotiation and Arbitration are the key mechanisms in the progress of the global market.
Waveguide writing in chalcogenide glasses by train of femtosecond laser pulses

Summary form only given. Controlled writing of waveguides in condensed media based on modification of the optical material properties by laser irradiation may have important applications in, for example, optical interconnects for high-data rate optical communication systems and integrated optical elements. We report on writing of uniform and permanent optical waveguides in the bulk of chalcogenide glasses by a train of femtosecond laser pulses from a cw Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser.
Microarray analysis of the temporal response of skeletal muscle to methylprednisolone: comparative analysis of two dosing regimens.

The transcriptional response of skeletal muscle to chronic corticosteroid exposure was examined over 168 h and compared with the response profiles observed following a single dose of corticosteroid...
Control of Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapse Formation by Neuroligins

The normal function of neural networks depends on a delicate balance between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. Synapse formation is thought to be regulated by bidirectional signaling between pre- and postsynaptic cells. We demonstrate that members of the Neuroligin family promote postsynaptic differentiation in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Down-regulation of neuroligin isoform expression by RNA interference results in a loss of excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Electrophysiological analysis revealed a predominant reduction of inhibitory synaptic function. Thus, neuroligins control the formation and functional balance of excitatory and inhibitory synapses in hippocampal neurons.
Vision-guided servoing with feature-based trajectory generation (for robots)

The authors present a vision module which is able to guide an eye-in-hand robot through general servoing and tracking problems using off-the-shelf image-processing equipment. The vision module uses the location of binary image features from a camera on the robot's end-effector to control the position and one degree of orientation of the robot manipulator. A unique feature-based trajectory generator provides smooth motion between the actual image features and the desired image features even with asynchronous and discontinuous vision updates. By performing the trajectory generation in image feature space, image-processing constraints such as the feature extraction time can be accounted for when determining the appropriate segmentation and acceleration times of the trajectory. Experimental results of a PUMA robot tracking objects with vision feedback are discussed. >
Performance Indices for the Dynamic Performance of FACTS and FACTS with Energy Storage

The integration of energy storage into flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices leads to increased controller flexibility by providing decentralized active power capabilities. Combined FACTS/energy storage systems (ESS) can improve power flow control, oscillation damping, and voltage control. This article presents performance indices that have been developed for quantifying the active power, reactive power, and voltage performance enhancement of different FACTS combinations. The dynamic responses of a shunt (StatCom), a StatCom/battery energy storage system (BESS), a synchronous series compensator (SSSC), a SSSC/BESS, and a unified power flow controller (UPFC) are presented to support the validity of the developed indices.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Does Not Increase Risk of Short-term Adverse Events after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Case-control Study.

Objective. More adverse events (AE) are reported after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) than for patients with osteoarthritis (OA). This study evaluates 6-month postoperative AE in a high-volume center in a contemporary RA cohort. Methods. Patients with RA in an institutional registry (2007–2010) were studied. AE were identified by self-report and review of office and hospital charts. Subjects with RA were matched to 2 with OA by age, sex, and procedure. RA-specific surgical volume was determined. Baseline characteristics and AE were compared and analyzed. Results. There were 159 RA TKA and 318 OA. Of the patients with RA, 88.0% were women, 24.5% received corticosteroids, 41.5% received biologics, and 67% received nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD). There was no difference in comorbidities. RA-specific surgical volume was high; 64% of cases were performed by surgeons with ≥ 20 RA cases during the study period. Patients with RA had worse baseline pain and function and lower perceived health status (EQ-5D 0.59 vs 0.65, p Conclusion. In a high-volume center, with high RA-specific experience, RA does not increase postoperative AE. Despite worse preoperative function and high steroid and DMARD use, complications were not increased. However, further study to determine generalizability is needed.
Degradation of a signal peptide by protease IV and oligopeptidase A.

Abstract The degradation of the prolipoprotein signal peptide in vitro by membranes, cytoplasmic fraction, and two purified major signal peptide peptidases from Escherichia coli was followed by reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). The cytoplasmic fraction hydrolyzed the signal peptide completely into amino acids. In contrast, many peptide fragments accumulated as final products during the cleavage by a membrane fraction. Most of the peptides were similar to the peptides formed during the cleavage of the signal peptide by the purified membrane-bound signal peptide peptidase, protease IV. Peptide fragments generated during the cleavage of the signal peptide by protease IV and a cytoplasmic enzyme, oligopeptidase A, were identified from their amino acid compositions, their retention times during RPLC, and knowledge of the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide. Both enzymes were endopeptidases, as neither dipeptides nor free amino acids were formed during the cleavage reactions. Protease IV cleaved the signal peptide predominantly in the hydrophobic segment (residues 7 to 14). Protease IV required substrates with hydrophobic amino acids at the primary and the adjacent substrate-binding sites, with a minimum of three amino acids on either side of the scissile bond. Oligopeptidase A cleaved peptides (minimally five residues) that had either alanine or glycine at the P'1 (primary binding site) or at the P1 (preceding P'1) site of the substrate. These results support the hypothesis that protease IV is the major signal peptide peptidase in membranes that initiates the degradation of the signal peptide by making endoproteolytic cuts; oligopeptidase A and other cytoplasmic enzymes further degrade the partially degraded portions of the signal peptide that may be diffused or transported back into the cytoplasm from the membranes.
Active Bidirectional Coupling in a Cochlear Chip

We present a novel cochlear model implemented in analog very large scale integration (VLSI) technology that emulates nonlinear active cochlear behavior. This silicon cochlea includes outer hair cell (OHC) electromotility through active bidirectional coupling (ABC), a mechanism we proposed in which OHC motile forces, through the microanatomical organization of the organ of Corti, realize the cochlear amplifier. Our chip measurements demonstrate that frequency responses become larger and more sharply tuned when ABC is turned on; the degree of the enhancement decreases with input intensity as ABC includes saturation of OHC forces.
INVESTIGATION OF INTERMITTENCY IN 28Si-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS AT 14.5A GeV

Scaled factorial moments are computed for the multiplicity distributions of the 28Si-emulsion interactions at 14.5A GeV in one- and two-dimensional phase spaces. An intermittency power-law is observed for the central collisions. The observations are found to be different in higher dimensions and they are compared with the other heavy-ion projectiles.
Competir y ganar: Calidad de los candidatos en las elecciones legislativas de 2006 en México

The article argues that in the 2006 Federal Chamber of Deputies election, indivi ­ dual candidate traits and experience affected electoral outcomes. Analyses were conducted using a unique dataset of biographical information for 171 candidates in 57 randomly drawn districts. The findings demonstrate that candidates mattered in the recent federal legislative elections. Additionally, they show that the common definition of "high quality" candidates (previous office holders) is insufficient in the Mexican case. The second part of the article analyzes how differing types of candidates were nominated by each party/pact, and exami ­
Molecular diagnosis of inheritable neuromuscular disorders. Part II: Application of genetic testing in neuromuscular disease

Molecular genetic advances have led to refinements in the classification of inherited neuromuscular disease, and to methods of molecular testing useful for diagnosis and management of selected patients. Testing should be performed as targeted studies, sometimes sequentially, but not as wasteful panels of multiple genetic tests performed simultaneously. Accurate diagnosis through molecular testing is available for the vast majority of patients with inherited neuropathies, resulting from mutations in three genes (PMP22, MPZ, and GJB1); the most common types of muscular dystrophies (Duchenne and Becker, facioscapulohumeral, and myotonic dystrophies); the inherited motor neuron disorders (spinal muscular atrophy, Kennedy's disease, and SOD1 related amyotrophic lateral sclerosis); and many other neuromuscular disorders. The role of potential multiple genetic influences on the development of acquired neuromuscular diseases is an increasingly active area of research.
Forest health along a wet sulfate/ph deposition gradient in north-central pennsylvania

A well-defined gradient of wet atmospheric depositions characterized by SO4, NO3, H, and NH4 ions has been described in north-central Pennsylvania. The forests of this region are of the oak/hickory type as they extend across the Allegheny Plateau. Sulfate levels along a 160-km west-east gradient varied from approximately 40 kg/ha to 25 kg/ha in the western and eastern portions, respectively. The objective of this research project was to determine if forest trees along the gradient showed anomalous characteristics that might be related to acidic atmospheric deposition. Trees were relatively healthy across the gradient, as measured by observations of crown transparency, twig dieback, and trunk condition. No general relationship was apparent between overall tree health and deposition patterns. Specific disorders noted at greater frequencies at the high deposition portion of the gradient included the presence of insect borers on white oak trunks and early fall coloration of red maple. Disorders observed at greater frequencies at the low deposition portion of the gradient included twig and branch dieback of red oak, white oak, and red maple; chlorosis of red oak; and thrips injury of red maple. A direct cause-and-effect relationship between the pollution gradient and these disorders has not been established.
Differential Masking of Natural Genetic Variation by miR-9a in Drosophila

Genetic variation is prevalent among individuals of the same species and yet the potential effects of genetic variation on developmental outcomes are frequently suppressed. Understanding the mechanisms that are responsible for this suppression is an important goal. Previously, we found that the microRNA miR-9a mitigates the impact of natural genetic variants that promote the development of scutellar bristles in adult Drosophila. Here we find that miR-9a does not affect the impact of genetic variants that inhibit the development of scutellar bristles. We show this using both directional and stabilizing selection in the laboratory. This specificity of action suggests that miR-9a does not interact with all functional classes of developmental genetic variants affecting sensory organ development. We also investigate the impact of miR-9a on a fitness trait, which is adult viability. At elevated physiological temperatures, miR-9a contributes to viability through masking genetic variants that hinder adult viability. We conclude that miR-9a activity in different developmental networks contributes to suppression of natural variants from perturbing development.
Career choice and the risk premium in the labor market

Abstract We find a strong, robust, and positive correlation between average earnings and the standard deviation of both temporary and permanent idiosyncratic shocks to earnings across 19 US industries. Is this compensation for risk or for unobserved abilities? To answer this question we embed a Roy model into an incomplete markets equilibrium framework that features risk averse individuals who face industry-specific idiosyncratic shocks to their labor earnings. The interaction between earnings shocks and an individual's comparative advantage determines the optimal industry choice. Compensation for permanent shocks to labor earnings represents about two thirds of the observed correlation. There is no compensation for temporary risk. Compensation for risk explains about 40% of observed cross-industry differences in residual labor earnings. Additionally, workers accumulate different levels of wealth depending on their chosen industry.
The CSI Effect: Popular Fiction About Forensic Science Affects the Public's Expectations About Real Forensic Science

Two of a number of hypotheses loosely referred to as the CSI Effect suggest that the television program and its spin-offs, which wildy exaggerate and glorify forensic science, affect the public, and in turn affect trials either by (a) burdening the prosecution by creating greater expectations about forensic science than can be delivered or (b) burden the defense by creating exaggerated faith in the capabilities and reliability of the forensic sciences. Surprisingly, no published empirical research puts these hypotheses to a test. The present study did so by presenting to mock jurors a simulated trial transcript which included the testimony of a forensic scientist. The case for conviction was relatively weak, unless the expert testimony could carry the case across the threshold of reasonable doubt. In addition to reacting to the trial evidence, respondents were asked about their television viewing habits. Findings: Compared to non-CSI viewers, CSI viewers were more critical of the forensic evidence presented at the trial, finding it less believable. Regarding their verdicts, 29% of non-CSI viewers said they would convict, compared to 18% of CSI viewers (not a statistically significant difference). Forensic science viewers expressed more confidence in their verdicts than did non-viewers. Viewers of general crime program, however, did not differ significantly from their non-viewing counterparts on any of the other dependent measures, suggesting that skepticism toward the forensic science testimony was specific to those whose diet consisted of heavy doses of forensic science television programs.
Optical Properties of i-Layers as a Function of Growth Rate in Correlation to the Performance of a-Si:H Solar Cells

a-Si:H intrinsic films and their solar cells were prepared by DC-PECVD with growth rates of 1, 3, and 10 A/s. Raman, IR, and PL spectroscopies were used to study the i-layer properties in relation to the solar cell performance. Raman shows an identical TO mode for all the samples, which indicates the local silicon-bonding configuration does not change with the growth rate from 1 to 10 A/s. IR results show that the hydrogen bonding configuration is monohydride (Si-H) dominated, and the hydrogen content obtained from the 630 cm -1 wagging mode is 12-14 at.%. Surprisingly, a very small absorption strength for the stretching 2000-2100 cm -1 mode was found for some samples deposited at the higher growth rates (3, 10 A/s). For these same samples, the PL spectra exhibit a red shift. Both the IR and PL results might be related to the same microstructures formed at high growth rates. We found that although the properties of the i-layer varied as the growth rate increased from 1 to 10 A/s, the performances of the cells were comparable (within about 4%).
Area 51: An Uncensored History of America’s Top Secret Military Base, by Jacobsen, Annie

It has been described as the most secret military installation in the continental United States. It may in fact be one of the most secretive locations on Earth. Indeed, the mystery surrounding the ...
Validating the EMGFT from a Single Incremental Cycling Test

The purposes of this study were to 1) identify the EMG FT from a single incremental cycle ergometry test and 2) validate this fatigue threshold by having participants perform constant workload rides at 70, 100 and 130% of the estimated EMG FT . 11 healthy college-age participants performed incremental cycle ergometry on the initial visit. The EMG amplitude was recorded from the vastus lateralis muscle for each power output and fitted with linear regression which provided the estimated EMG FT . In subsequent visits, participants exercised at 3 percentages of their EMG FT with the EMG amplitude recorded for each condition. The results indicated no significant ( p> 0.05) increases in EMG amplitude vs. time for the 70% and 100% workloads, respectively. In addition, the participants were able to maintain these exercise intensities for over 40 min. For the 130% workload, however, EMG amplitude vs. time increased significantly ( p 0.001) and the participants were able to maintain the exercise condition for less than 12 min. These findings indicate that the EMG FT estimated from a single incremental cycle ergometry test is a valid measure of neuromuscular fatigue and may potentially be useful in assessing the efficacy of rehabilitative interventions.
Effect of neutropenia on colony stimulating and inhibiting activity of dog serum.

SummaryAcute neutropenia was induced in five dogs using an antineutrophil serum prepared in rabbits. Sera obtained at various times after injection were assayed for their capacity to stimulate or inhibit mouse bone marrow cell colony formation in vitro. The results indicated that serum colony stimulating factor (CSF) in the dog is inversely related to the number of blood neutrophils and that a serum inhibitor closely paralleled the change of neutrophils in blood. These results suggest that both CSF and a serum inhibitor are involved in the regulation of granulopoiesis.
Protein conformations and their stability

Our understanding of the conformations of proteins and their stability has increased substantially in recent years. A reaction of considerable interest is native (N) ⇌ denatured (D) where N is the globular, native state of the protein which is now well defined as a result of numer-ous structural determinations by X-ray diffraction studies, and D represents unfolded, denatured states of the protein whose structure depends on the denaturant used to promote unfolding. Through experimental studies much is known about the kinetics, thermody-namics, and mechanism of this reaction. For example, it is known that the free energy change for this reaction under physiological conditions, ΔGD, is between 3 and 15 kcal/mol for a fairly wide range of globular proteins. Thus, the globular conformation which is absolutely essential for the biological function is only marginally stable. In addition, these ΔGD values are remarkably sensitive to small changes in the structure of the protein. It has been shown that single amino acid substitutions can dramatically increase or decrease ΔGD values and some substitutions surely lead to unfolding of the polypeptide chain. Most chemical alterations in the structure of a protein, e.g., cleavage of a peptide bond, or modification of an amino acid side chain, lead to decreases, often sizable, in the confor-mational stability. The remarkably low conformational stability of globular proteins is important, in part, because many properties of the protein, e.g., solubility and proteolytic digestibility, change sub-stantially when the protein unfolds. Recent developments in these areas of interest to protein chemists and food scientists are illus-trated and discussed.
Teaching Equality? “John Schools,” Gender, and Institutional Reform

Employing feminist institutionalism as an analytic framework, this article considers the First Offender Prostitution Program in San Francisco. The program allows men arrested for their first prostitution offense to pay a fine and to attend a day of classes about the consequences of participation in prostitution, in lieu of prosecution. Other jurisdictions in the United States and internationally have replicated First Offender, and supporters (particularly feminists) praise it for promoting gender equality. However, the findings in this article suggest that First Offender both replicates and contests competing and often contradictory gender ideologies and patterns of power. Specifically, the program’s enrollment practices and most of its content imply that men who purchase sexual services are rational sexual agents, while women who sell these services are (mainly) victims. Presentations by former sex workers complicate the program’s lessons about gender by demonstrating women’s capacity to exercise agency in sex work. The program thus illustrates the contested and contradictory ideological dynamics of gender-sensitive institutional reforms.
NUMERICAL BOUNDARY CONDITION PROCEDURES FOR UNSTEADY EULER SOLVERS

A numerical boundary condition procedure for unsteady Euler solvers is presented. The procedure is based on a variation of the method of characteristics due to Kentzer. A second-order accurate numerical algorithm using this procedure and the MacCormack explicit predictor-corrector finite difference method is presented. Results are presented for several two-dimensional and three-dimensional inviscid nozzle flowfields. Solutions obtained by the present method agree well with solutions obtained by method of Characteristics algorithms and experimental data.
Viral and immune-mediated factors in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disease.

Abstract The available data supporting a viral or immune mediated etiology of psychiatric disease is indirect and controversial, but there is a sufficient evidence to implicate such a process in a subgroup of the psychiatric population. Recent technological advances in neurovirology and neuroimmunology justify a re-assessment of this etiology in psychiatric disease. The author describes three patients with psychiatric symptomatolgy and cerebrospinal changes compatible with such a process. The evidence supporting a role for viral or immunological factors in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disease is reviewed, and guidelines for future research which could be of use in further clarifying this issue are proposed.
Comparison of field deratization effects of two anticoagulant rodenticides

Objective To compare field deratization effect of 0.005% bromadiolone and 0.05% diphacine-Na in city village of Nanning.Methods Determination of rodents density with the bait steal gauging,feeding of baits for four days and calculating the deratization rate.Results Both poison bait's palatability had not been found any differences,the deratization rate was 91.8% and 95.2% respectively.Conclusion Two bait's palatability and effect were all same,and suitable for deratization in city village of Nanning.Rats have no resistance to two rodenticides.
Does sustained participation in an online health community affect sentiment

A large number of patients rely on online health communities to exchange information and psychosocial support with their peers. Examining participation in a community and its impact on members' behaviors and attitudes is one of the key open research questions in the field of study of online health communities. In this paper, we focus on a large public breast cancer community and conduct sentiment analysis on all its posts. We investigate the impact of different factors on post sentiment, such as time since joining the community, posting activity, age of members, and cancer stage of members. We find that there is a significant increase in sentiment of posts through time, with different patterns of sentiment trends for initial posts in threads and reply posts. Factors each play a role; for instance stage-IV members form a particular sub-community with patterns of sentiment and usage distinct from others members.
In Vivo Proton Spectroscopy of Intracranial Infections and Neoplasms

The chemical characteristics of 10 neoplastic and 11 infectious brain masses were studied by in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In tumors, peak height ratios of n-acetyl-L-aspartate to choline were decreased compared to those in normal brain tissue and infectious masses (p < 0.02), but the ratios in normal brains and those with infections did not differ. N-acetyl-L-aspartate-to-creatine/phosphocreatine ratios were significantly lower in infectious masses and tumors compared to normal brain tissue (p = 0.003). However, in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, N-acetyl-L-aspartate appeared relatively unchanged. Lactate was greater than choline in 9 of 11 brains with infection, 0 of 14 control brains, and 1 of 10 tumors. Lactate-to-choline ratios were significantly elevated in infectious masses compared with tumors (p < 0.01). 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy is promising for the noninvasive diagnosis of focal brain masses.
Persistence of hepatic fibrosis and tissue eggs following treatment of Schistosoma japonicum infected mice.

Abstract The persistence of hepatic fibrosis and of Schistosoma japonicum eggs in the tissues of mice was examined after chemotherapy. C57BL/6 mice infected with a Philippine strain of S. japonicum were treated with praziquantel or amoscanate 7 or 8 weeks after infection. Groups of mice were killed at the time of treatment and 3, 8, 26, and 52 weeks later. The number of eggs per worm pair in the tissues did not change during the year after treatment. However, S. japonicum eggs injected into the tail vein were gradually destroyed in the lungs. Hepatic fibrosis increased in the 1st few weeks after treatment and did not change significantly thereafter. Praziquantel, but not amoscanate, had an immediate toxic effect on the most mature eggs in the tissues which was accompanied by a marked but transient decrease in eggs passed in the feces. Less mature eggs appeared unaffected by the drug and the passage of eggs in the feces resumed as these matured. Egg passage then ceased as the supply of viable eggs was exhausted.
The informal open-air museum of Antarctic transportation at Base Esperanza

Surface transportation was a crucial element of all human activities ever since the beginning of the exploration of the seventh continent. At the Argentine Antarctic research base ‘Base Esperanza' ...
Dissolved Organic Matter in Aquatic Systems

Dissolved organic matter in natural waters has long been recognized as an important driver of critical processes influencing water quality. This review focusses on current issues and recent advances in the study of dissolved organic matter chemistry and reactivity. Emphasis is placed on advances in the analyses of dissolved organic matter, the factors controlling dissolved organic matter concentrations and chemistry, current research efforts to define the potential effects of dissolved organic matter on key water-quality issues, and the potential utility of dissolved organic matter and its optical properties as proxies for other constituents influencing water quality.
Being something: : Properties and predicative quantification

If I say that Alice is everything Oscar hopes to be (healthy, wealthy, wise, etc.), I seem to be quantifying over properties. That suggestion faces an immediate difficulty, however: though Alice may be wise, she surely is not the property of being wise. This problem can be framed in terms of a substitution failure: if a predicate like ‘happy’ denoted a property, we would expect pairs like ‘Oscar is happy’ and ‘Oscar is the property of being happy’ to be equivalent, which they clearly are not. I argue that a Fregean response that draws a distinction between objects and concepts faces serious difficulties, and that a syntactic solution to the substitution problem likewise fails. I propose to account for the substitution failure by instead distinguishing different ways that expressions can stand for properties: whereas ‘the property of being happy’ refers to a property, ‘happy’ expresses or ascribes that property. I go on to compare this view to proposals made by Wright (1998) and Liebesman (2015), and end by drawing out a consequence my proposal has for a debate about the ontological commitments of predicatively quantified sentences.
Upheavals of Thought: The Christian Ascent: Augustine

OMNIPOTENCE AND THE SIN OF PRIDE The contemplative ascent set itself a goal: to retain the energy and beauty of erotic love while ridding it of three grave defects: its partiality or uneven focus, its excessive neediness and dependency, and its connection with anger and revenge. All three versions of the ascent appeared to achieve this goal, purifying love through the joy of understanding. And yet the claim to have rendered the lover godlike and self-sufficient, no longer needy, introduced grave problems, both for the love itself and for related social concerns. A lover who repudiates bondage to human need is ill-placed to assess properly the needs of other humans, or to see the importance of coming to their aid; thus it is no surprise that all three Platonic thinkers repudiate compassion as something contaminated by bondage to worldly objects. Nor will a lover whose original aim involves the possession or incorporation of the good be likely, so long as he or she retains and even fulfills that aim, to appreciate the worth of political reciprocity, or of respect for the dignity and separateness of others. And a lover who focuses on objects as sources of good and well-being will be unlikely to love them in all their full particularity. I have suggested that these three defects in Platonic love all derive from what I have called a pathological narcissism, but what, from our present perspective, we might call the vice of pride, the idea that one can and should achieve godlike omnipotence, removing all passivity and need.
Illuminating cytochrome P450 binding: Ru(II)-caged inhibitors of CYP17A1

New Ru(ii)-caged abiraterone complexes were synthesized that exhibit strong absorption in the visible region and release the steroidal CYP17A1 inhibitor abiraterone upon exposure to low energy visible light in buffer and prostate cancer cells. Photoinduced release results in abiraterone binding to its CYP17A1 target in an inhibitory mode.
Site-Selective Sensing of Histone Methylation Enzyme Activity via an Arrayed Supramolecular Tandem Assay

Arrayed deep cavitands can be coupled to a fluorescence-based supramolecular tandem assay that allows site-selective in situ monitoring of post-translational modifications catalyzed by the lysine methyltransferase PRDM9 or the lysine demethylase JMJD2E. An arrayed sensor system containing only three cavitand components can detect the specific substrates of enzyme modification, in the presence of other histone peptides in the enzyme assay, enabling investigation of cross-reactivity over multiple methylation sites and interference from nonsubstrate peptides.
Operation of a 140-GHz Gyro-Amplifier Using a Dielectric-Loaded, Severless Confocal Waveguide

The design and experimental results of a 140-GHz gyro-amplifier that uses a dielectric-loaded, severless confocal waveguide are presented. The gyro-traveling wave amplifier uses the HE06 mode of a confocal geometry with power coupled in and out of the structure with Vlasov-type, quasi-optical couplers. Dielectric loading attached to the side of the confocal structure suppresses unwanted modes allowing zero-drive stable operation at 48 kV and 3 A of beam current. The confocal gyro-amplifier demonstrated a peak circuit gain of 35 dB, a bandwidth of 1.2 GHz, and a peak output power of 550 W at 140.0 GHz.
A Comparison of Two Recording Montages for Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Patients with Superior Canal Dehiscence Syndrome.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) using two electrode montages in patients with confirmed unilateral superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS). STUDY DESIGN This study evaluated oVEMP response characteristics measured using two different electrode montages from 12 unilateral SCDS ears and 36 age-matched control ears (age range = 23-66). The oVEMP responses were elicited using 500 Hz tone-burst air conduction stimuli presented at an intensity of 95 dB nHL and a rate of 5.1/sec. The two electrode montages used are described as an "infraorbital" montage and a "belly-tendon" montage. SETTING Balance function laboratory embedded in a large, tertiary care otology clinic. RESULTS The belly-tendon electrode montage resulted in significantly larger amplitude responses than the infraorbital electrode montage for the ears with SCDS and the normal control ears. For both electrode montages the ear with SCDS exhibited a significantly larger amplitude response, ∼50% larger than the response amplitude from the normal control ear. The belly-tendon montage additionally produced larger median increases in amplitude compared with the infraorbital montage. Specifically, the median increase in oVEMP N1-P1 amplitudes using the belly-tendon montage was 39% greater in control ears, 76% greater in the SCDS ears, and 17% greater in the contralateral SCDS ears. CONCLUSIONS The belly-tendon electrode montage yields significantly larger oVEMP amplitude responses for participants with SCDS and normal control participants.
5-Fluorouracil Enhances Protoporphyrin IX Accumulation and Lesion Clearance during Photodynamic Therapy of Actinic Keratoses: A Mechanism-Based Clinical Trial

Purpose: Actinic keratoses (AK) are precancerous lesions that can progress to squamous cell carcinoma. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and topical 5-fluorouracil (5FU) are commonly used agents for AK. Empirical reports suggest that combining them can improve the therapeutic response. However, the optimal combined regimen was not clear in terms of proper sequence, timing, and mechanism. This clinical study explored mechanisms of action for neoadjuvantal 5FU and PDT for treatment of AK.Patients and Methods: A bilaterally controlled trial (17 patients) was performed. One side of the body (face, scalp, forearms) received 5FU pretreatment for 6 days, whereas the other side served as no-pretreatment control. Methylaminolevulinate cream was applied to both sides for 3 hours, and protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) levels were measured by noninvasive fluorimetry and skin biopsy. After red light illumination, lesion clearance was assessed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after PDT.Results: PpIX levels were increased 2- to 3-fold in 5FU-pretreated lesions versus controls. Altered expression of heme-synthetic enzymes (coproporphyrinogen oxidase and ferrochelatase) and induction of p53 were observed, probably accounting for increased PpIX and subsequent cancer cell death. Relative clearance rates after PDT with or without 5FU pretreatment were 75% versus 45% at 3 months, and 67% versus 39% at 6 months, respectively; these differences were statistically significant.Conclusions: Serial 5FU and PDT improve AK clearance by at least two mechanisms, enhanced photosensitizer accumulation and p53 induction. Because 5FU and PDT are FDA-approved modalities, the combined regimen can be readily employed in clinical practice to reduce AK burden and reduce SCC risk. Clin Cancer Res; 24(13); 3026-35. ©2018 AACR.
STUDIES ON THE RADIATION INACTIVATION OF MICROORGANISMS VI. X-: Ray-Induced Breakdown of Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Haemophilus influenzae and in Other Bacteria

Results are reported from a study of the inactivation of Haemophilus influenzae by exposure to x radiation. Measurements were made of the formation of desoxyribonucleic acid in the bacteria before and after irradiation. Data are compared with those from a study of the effects of ultraviolet inactivation. (C.H.)
Social Welfare and Political Organizations: Ending the Plague of Inconsistency

Since the Supreme Court’s decision in Citizens United v. FEC, tax-exempt social welfare groups (also known as 501(c)(4) organizations) increasingly are used in political campaigns, often instead of political organizations (also known as PACs, SuperPACs, or 527s). This Article first compares the tax law treatment of social welfare organizations to that of political organizations. Although section 501(c)(4) organizations have several key advantages, including anonymity for donors and tax preferred financing, unlike 527s, 501(c)(4)s face a limit on their political activities (the “primarily” test). IRS efforts to police the primarily test caused a political firestorm, sometimes referred to as the “Tea Party” targeting controversy. The Article explains that the root cause of the controversy is inconsistent federal disclosure law, which was largely a byproduct of Citizens United. The Article argues that so long as 501(c)(4) offers preferred treatment for campaign activity, political operatives will have strong incentives to organize as 501(c)(4) organizations and exploit ambiguities in the law and weak IRS enforcement. The result is and will continue to be a gradual erosion of the rule of law, destabilization of the tax exemption system, and damage to the reputation of the IRS as an essential government agency. The Article discusses possible solutions to the controversy. Most importantly, Congress should end the ability to engage in statutory arbitrage and provide for consistent treatment of campaign activity between 501(c)(4) and political organizations. Consistent rules would also pave the way to reconsider the current limits on political activity that apply to 501(c)(4) organizations. Overall, consistent rules and fewer limits would simplify tax administration, improve compliance, and embrace free speech.
Multimedia Applications for Parallel and Distributed Systems

This Chapter deals with multimedia applications in parallel and distributed systems. After a brief introduction to the subject, several issues are discussed. They include at first an overall explanation of MPEG, the most popular digital audio-video standard. Next, the crucial networking topic is treated with particular attention paid to ATM networks. Later the CORBA standard and Java language are presented as the most accredited software environments for multimedia development in a typical heterogenous scenario Finally, the last section presents the most diffused multimedia applications: the Video on Demand, the Digital Video Broadcasting, and the Multimedia Conferencing.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Human Lymphocytes

It has long been hoped that antibodies directed against tumor cell surfaces could be exploited for therapy (Ehrlich, 1906). Because of their specificity and their cytotoxic effects, antibodies provide an appealing theoretical approach to cell destruction in vivo. Despite these hopes and extensive experimental attempts (Wright and Bernstein, 1980), antibodies have not as yet become a part of the therapeutic armamentarium.