cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The First Two Cases of Crossing-Over between Old-Gold and Bullata Factors in the Third Linkage Group of Oenothera.

In a paper read before the Fifth International Genetics Congress2 I reported the discovery of the third genetic factor (mut. bullata) in the third linkage group in Oenothera. This factor (bu), which modifies nearly all the characteristics of the plant, manifests itself most conspicuously in an intense crinkling of the foliage, which first becomes manifest in quite early rosette stages. At the time the above-mentioned report was made, families which were simultaneously segregating both bullata and old-gold had not shown a single plant possessing both the old-gold and bullata characters. The ten families then available had shown 100 bullata plants with only yellow or sulfur flowers, while in the same family 436 nonbullata plants consisted of 279 yellow-flowered, 14 sulfur-flowered, 140 old-gold and 3 gold-center, thus indicating a close linkage in repulsion phase between the old-gold factor v and the bullata factor b%. The relation between yellow and sulfur on the one hand and that between old-gold and gold-center on the other hand is dependent upon another pair of factors Ss in the first linkage group. Throwing together the yellow and sulfur as non-old-gold, and the old-gold and gold-center as old-gold, these results may be summarized in the form of a simple ratio: 100 bullata non-old-gold : 293 non-bullata non-old-gold : 143 non-bullata old-gold, which differs from the 1: 2: 1 ratio only in the significantly low value of the bullata group, which deficiency may be plausibly explained by assuming that the bullata plants are inferior physiologically to the non-bullata plants. Assuming elimination on this account, of about 30 per cent of the bullata plants, the ratio would become 143: 293: 143, the typical 1:2:1 ratio. The following year (1928) I had 35 families derived by self-fertilization from the doubly-heterozygous plants in the ten families on which the above-mentioned report was based. All of these 35 families repeated the results of the 1927 cultures. The total offspring showed 2250 nonbullata rosettes and 742 bullata rosettes, a ratio of 3.03:1. With respect to flower color, the parents of these cultures consisted of 32 yellow and 3 sulfur. The three families from sulfur-flowered parents consisted of 85 sulfur in the bullata group, while in the non-bullata group there were 164 sulfur-flowered and 80 gold-center, the ratio of the progenies as a whole being, thus, 85 bullata sulfur : 164 non-bullata sulfur : 80 non-bullata
Nitric oxide synthase localized in a subpopulation of vestibular efferents with NADPH diaphorase histochemistry and nitric oxide synthase immunohistochemistry.

Efferent innervation of the vestibular labyrinth is known to be cholinergic. More recent studies have also demonstrated the presence of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide in this system. Nitric oxide is one of a new class of neurotransmitters, the gaseous transmitters. It acts as a second messenger and neurotransmitter in diverse physiological systems. We decided to investigate the anatomical distribution of the synthetic enzyme for nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), to clarify the role of nitric oxide in the vestibular periphery. NADPH diaphorase histochemical and NOS I immunohistochemical studies were done in the adult chinchilla and rat vestibular brainstem; diaphorase histochemistry was done in the chinchilla periphery. Retrograde tracing studies to verify the presence of NOS in brainstem efferent neurons were performed in young chinchillas. Our light microscopic results show that NOS I, as defined mainly by the presence of NADPH diaphorase, is present in a subpopulation of both brainstem efferent neurons and peripheral vestibular efferent boutons. Our ultrastructural results confirm these findings in the periphery. NADPH diaphorase is also present in a subpopulation of type I hair cells, suggesting that nitric oxide might be produced in and act locally upon these cells and other elements in the sensory epithelium. A hypothesis about how nitric oxide is produced in the vestibular periphery and how it may interact with other elements in the vestibular sensory apparatus is presented in the discussion. J. Comp. Neurol. 427:508 ‐521, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Indexing terms: vestibular hair cells; vestibular afferents; auditory afferents; ultrastructure of vestibular periphery; NOS; NO; calretinin
Lipocalin-2, TWEAK, and other cytokines as urinary biomarkers for lupus nephritis

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). As the course of LN is often unpredictable, it is important to identify reliable, noninvasive methods to repeatedly assess the condition of the kidneys in these patients. Urinary biomarkers are easily obtained and probably are best at reflecting the current renal status, as they specifically represent local inflammatory activity. In this article, we review a number of potential urinary biomarkers, including Lipocalin-2, MCP-1, IP-10, IL-6, and IL-8. Additionally, we provide evidence for the possible utility of the novel cytokine TWEAK as a urinary biomarker for LN.
Visualization of periurethral structures by 3D endovaginal ultrasonography in midsagittal plane is not associated with stress urinary incontinence status

Our aim was to determine the association between visualizing periurethral structures in the midsagittal plane with 3D endovaginal ultrasonography (EVUS) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) status. In a cross-sectional study, we measured urethral length and scored for presence or absence of the following in midsagittal plane in patients with and without stress SUI: striated urogenital sphincter, longitudinal/circular smooth muscle, vesical trigone, trigonal plate, trigonal ring, and compressor urethra. Summary statistics were calculated for the study population. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare continuous data. Categorical data was compared with the chi-square. Data from 161 patients was available for review. Mean patient age was 54.4 [±15.6 standard deviation (SD)] years, and median parity was two (range 0–5). Among these women, 137/161(85 %) did not have SUI and 24/(15 %) did; 20/161 (12 %) had anterior-compartment prolapse stage 2 or greater, and among them, only two had urinary incontinence (UI). No association was found between UI and visualization of the periurethral structures. Mean urethral lengths did not differ between groups (p = 0.37). Visualization of periurethral structures by 3D EVUS in the midsagittal plane is not associated with SUI status.
Parent Perceptions and Parent-Child Interactions in Clinic-Referred Children: A Preliminary Investigation of the Effects of Maternal Depressive Moods

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to test a model in which maternal depressive moods were hypothesized to have both a direct effect on parent perceptions of child maladjustment and an indirect effect on child noncompliant behavior through the mother's parenting behavior. Fifty-five mothers and their young clinic-referred children served as S s. Mothers completed depression and child perception measures and mother-child interactions were observed in the home. A path analysis indicated that the model was a good fit to the data as maternal depression was associated with perceptions of child maladjustment and with parenting behavior which was itself associated with child behavior.
Play in Couples Counseling

Recent couple counseling research has identified the common factors in long-term relationships. With this increased understanding of common factors, couple counselors can focus on interventions that affect common factors to improve couple relationships. Researchers have found the focus on improving common factors in couple relationships is effective in improving couple stability and satisfaction. Although researchers have not considered couple play as an intervention to affect common factors, couples counselors and theorists have proposed a strong relationship between play and successful, long-term couple relationships. The research on adult play and humor also support the possibility for couple play as an intervention in couples counseling. The possible positive effects of couple play on common factors and implications for interventions are discussed.
Cyclic 3'5'-adenosine monophosphate in isolated bone cells. Response to low concentrations of parathyroid hormone.

Treatment with purified bovine PTH (2000 U/mg) in vitro increased the cyclic- 3’5’AMP content of isolated bone cells dispersed from rat calvaria and maintained in monolayer culture. Theophylline (1-5 HIM) markedly potentiated the action of PTH. In the presence of theophylline, PTH (1 M-g/ml) raised bone cell cyclic-3’S’AMP 14-fold in 30 sec and 30-fold in ISO sec. Low concentrations of PTH (10-100 ng/ml) were moderately effective (2-4-fold increases) and a physiological concentration (1 ng/ ml) gave a small ( + 25%) but statistically significant increase. A synthetic N-terminal peptide fragment (amino acids 1-34) of PTH was 50% as active as native hormone, whereas a synthetic 2-34 fragment was virtually inactive. Cyclic-3’5’ AMP increased slightly upon exposure to high concentrations of thyrocalcitonin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, or lysine vasopressin, but was not affected by adrenocorticotropin or insulin. Repeated subculturing caused a progressive decline in the sensitivity of bone cells to PTH. Isola...
The Team That Forever Changed Baseball and America: The 1947 Brooklyn Dodgers. Edited by Lyle Spatz . (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press & the Society for American Baseball Research, 2012. Pp. xi, 380. $26.95.)

The Brooklyn Dodgers made history in April 1947. Editor and author Lyle Spatz caught the moment and the significance. Of the several thousand team‐seasons in baseball history, only a select few sta...
Relationship between voltage map "channels" and the location of critical isthmus sites in patients with post-infarction cardiomyopathy and ventricular tachycardia.

Objectives The goal of this study was to determine the relationship of the ventricular tachycardia (VT) isthmus to channels of preserved voltage on an electroanatomic voltage map in postinfarction cardiomyopathy. Background Substrate mapping in patients with postinfarction cardiomyopathy and VT may involve lowering the voltage cutoff that defines the scar (<1.5 mV) to identify “channels” of relative higher voltage within the scar. However, the prevalence of channels within the scar identified by using electroanatomic mapping and the relationship to the protected VT isthmus identified by entrainment mapping is unknown. Methods Detailed bipolar endocardial voltage maps (398 ± 152 points) from 24 patients (mean age 69 ± 9 years) with postinfarction cardiomyopathy (ejection fraction 33 ± 9%) and tolerated VT were reviewed. Endocardial scar was defined according to voltage <1.5 mV. Isolated late potentials (ILPs) were identified and tagged on the electroanatomic voltage map. The baseline voltage cutoffs were then adjusted until all channels were identified. The VT isthmus was identified using entrainment mapping. Results Inferior and anterior/lateral infarction was present by voltage mapping in 18 and 6 patients, respectively (scar area 44 ± 24 cm2). By adjusting voltage cutoffs, 37 channels were identified in 21 (88%) of 24 patients. The presence of ILPs within a channel was seen in 11 (46%) of 24 patients and 17 (46%) of 37 channels. A VT isthmus site was contained within a channel in only 11 of 24 patients or 11 of 37 channels. No difference in voltage characteristics was identified between clinical and nonclinical channels. Voltage channels with ILPs harbored the clinical isthmus with a sensitivity and specificity of 78% and 85%, respectively. Conclusions Channels were identified in 88% of patients with VT by adjusting the voltage limits of bipolar maps; however, the specificity of those channels in predicting the location of VT isthmus sites was only 30%. The presence of ILPs inside the voltage channel significantly increases the specificity for identifying the clinical VT isthmus.
Hippocampal brain-network coordination during volitional exploratory behavior enhances learning

Exploratory behaviors during learning determine what is studied and when, helping to optimize subsequent memory performance. To elucidate the cognitive and neural determinants of exploratory behaviors, we manipulated the control that human subjects had over the position of a moving window through which they studied objects and their locations. Our behavioral, neuropsychological and neuroimaging data indicate that volitional control benefits memory performance and is linked to a brain network that is centered on the hippocampus. Increases in correlated activity between the hippocampus and other areas were associated with specific aspects of memory, which suggests that volitional control optimizes interactions among specialized neural systems through the hippocampus. Memory is therefore an active process that is intrinsically linked to behavior. Furthermore, brain structures that are typically seen as passive participants in memory encoding (for example, the hippocampus) are actually part of an active network that controls behavior dynamically as it unfolds.
Surgical correction of bimaxillary protrusion and mandibular retrusion

Abstract A 16-year-old boy with known emotional and psychologic problems also had a severe maxillary protrusion and a mandibular retrusion. The malocclusion was accentuated as a result of wearing a Milwaukee type of back brace with chin rest for 2 years. The orthodontist thought that a satisfactory result could not be achieved by orthodontic treatment. By means of a maxillary anterior reduction osteotomy and a mandibular body osteotomy with iliac bone graft, an esthetic and functional result was achieved. The patient's emotional outlook improved, and his relationship with his friends and with members of the opposite sex was enhanced.
An Experimental Investigation of High Velocity Impact and Penetration Failure Modes in Textile Composites

The dynamic failure evolution of textile composites, which were subjected to impact velocities up to 1100 m/s, was investigated. Specialized machines were used to fabricate composites from combinations of Spectra®, Kevlara®, and Twaron® fibers and two- and three-dimensionally woven, braided, and needle-punched nonwoven fabrics. This control of fabrication and processing enabled us to characterize response as a function of areal density, fabric finish, and consolidation techniques. Failure was categorized in terms of material layers, debris mass, matrix cracking, fiber failure, and shear-plugging. Results indicate that shear-plugging occurs at velocities corresponding to decreases in debris mass.
On the four-dimensional effective action of strongly coupled heterotic string theory

Abstract The low-energy D = 4, N = 1 effective action of the strongly coupled heterotic string is explicitly computed by compactifying the Hořava-Witten theory on the deformed Calabi-Yau three-fold solution due to Witten. It is shown that, to order κ 2 3 , the Kahler potential is identical to that of the weakly coupled theory. Furthermore, the gauge kinetic functions are directly computed to order κ 4 3 and shown to receive a non-vanishing correction. Also, we compute gauge matter terms in the Kahler potential to the order κ 4 3 and find a non-trivial correction to the dilaton term. Part of those corrections arise from background fields that depend on the orbifold coordinate and are excited by four-dimensional gauge field source terms.
Characterization of endotoxin and cationic liposome interaction.

The objective of this study was to characterize the interaction of endotoxin with cationic liposomes used in nonviral gene delivery. Endotoxin–cationic liposome interaction was characterized using ...
Kinship, Male Bonds, and Masculinity in Comparative Perspective

As SUSAN MANN EXPLAINS in her introductory essay to this Forum, the emergence of gender as a subject in Chinese history has been retarded by the real and symbolic power that has inhered in gender relations in China for a couple of millennia. The unbroken periods of dynastic peace that graced that vast and diverse land were the product of a system of political domination and moral orthodoxy that depended on and reinforced patriarchy, patrilineality, and patrimony. In dialectical fashion, historians of China first concerned themselves with the women whose positions at the bottom of the gender hierarchy were determined by sex before they turned their attention to the men who exploited and dominated them. The same order of discovery in North American and European history stimulated a singular interest in women's history and some understandable suspicion that the history of men and masculinity was a trumped-up apology for patriarchy. The first efforts to find a common ground for the historical analysis of gender began in the 1980s and have continued apace, aided by imaginative work in cultural studies, the social sciences, feminist theory, and gay and lesbian studies.1 Historians of China have been tapping into much of this work for some time; judging by the excellent essays in this AHR Forum, they are navigating the complexities of gender history with assurance and expertise, despite a still-modest foundation of monographic research. This work demonstrates that the study of the bonds that united men in varying degrees of harmonious rivalry is an excellent way to get purchase on a set of broader themes that illuminate men's relations to women and NeoConfucian ideals of the family, as well as to assess their responses to the vicissitudes of the economy and state power. My own field of specialization is modern European history, most recently the history of sexuality. What follows is not comparative history in any strict sense but a modest effort to assess these contributions to the history of men and masculinity in China from a Euro-American perspective. As historians of the West have learned, if one investigates some aspect of gender or sexuality as an isolated phenomenon, one risks distorting its meaning in socio-cultural context. Ironically, this danger is greatest, perhaps, in kinship studies, where the aim is to map kin, property, and power relationships in particular societies in comprehensive, interlocking patterns. As all these essays demonstrate,
A Coded Aperture Gamma Ray Telescope

A gamma ray telescope is being developed to operate in the energy range 100 keV to 5 MeV utilizing coded aperture imaging. The design incorporates a mask pattern based on a Uniformly Redundant Array (URA), which has been shown to have ideal imaging characteristics. A mask-anti-mask procedure is used to eliminate the effects of any possible systematic variations in detector background rates. The detector array is composed of 35 elements of the high-Z material Bismuth Germanate (BGO). Results of laboratory testing of the imaging properties will be presented. A southern hemisphere balloon flight is planned for 1982 with the goal of observing the 0.511 MeV radiation from the Galactic Center. Computer calculations show that a point source of this radiation can be located to within ±1°.
Archival quality and long-term preservation: a research framework for validating the usefulness of digital surrogates

Digital archives accept and preserve digital content for long-term use. Increasingly, stakeholders are creating large-scale digital repositories to ingest surrogates of archival resources or digitized books whose intellectual value as surrogates may exceed that of the original sources themselves. Although digital repository developers have expended significant effort to establish the trustworthiness of repository procedures and infrastructures, relatively little attention has been paid to the quality and usefulness of the preserved content itself. In situations where digital content has been created by third-party firms, content quality (or its absence in the form of unacceptable error) may directly influence repository trustworthiness. This article establishes a conceptual foundation for the association of archival quality and information quality research. It outlines a research project that is designed to develop and test measures of quality for digital content preserved in HathiTrust, a large-scale preservation repository. The research establishes methods of measuring error in digitized books at the data, page, and volume level and applies the measures to statistically valid samples of digitized books, adjusting for inter-coder inconsistencies and the effects of sampling strategies. The research findings are then validated with users who conform to one of four use-case scenarios: reading online, printing on demand, data mining, and print collection management. The paper concludes with comments on the implications of assessing archival quality within a digital preservation context.
ORAL CHARACTER AND ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR RELATED TO FOOD AND EATING

Freudian theory predicts that adult personality characteristics and behavior will reflect unresolved conflicts from early developmental stages. In this study, a card from the Blum's Blacky test was used as a projective measure of oral conflict with 35 male and 61 female college students. The presence of such conflict was significantly associated with deviations from norms for body weight, greater variability in adult body weight, rating food as important, and eating more frequently. However, ratings of preoccupation with food were not significantly related to scores for oral conflict. These findings support predictions from psychoanalytic theory and also point to the continued usefulness of the Blacky test in psychoanalytic research.
Study on the Composition of Bovine Gingival Lipids

Lipids in bovine gingival tissue have been characterized. Major lipids are phospholipids, cholesterol esters, glycerides, free fatty acids, and cholesterol. Phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and sphingomyelin are the major phospholipids. Major fatty acids are palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic.
Raman measurement of materials with the K2NiF4 structure

Abstract The discovery of high temperature superconductivity in (La,Ba)2CuO4, and related systems which have the K2NiF4 structure, has renewed interest in these types of materials. We report measurements of the Raman active phonons in a transparent material, Sr2TiO4, that has this structure (as well as the related compounds Sr3Ti2O7 and Sr4Ti3O10, with similar structures). The group theoretical analysis is given, which sorts the normal modes in terms of the irreducible representatives of the 4/mmm-D4h point group. It is found that only the oxygen atoms in the long TiO bond (parallel to the c-axis) and the Sr atoms move in the four modes that are Raman active. The motion of the other atoms, as well as these atoms, is associated with the seven infrared active modes and the one silent mode. We observe all of the four allowed Raman active modes, and find that they are rather narrow and at low frequencies. This is understandable in terms of the structure.
The rise and decline of TQM in the NHS

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to delineate the factors responsible for the decline of total quality management (TQM) in the National Health Service (NHS). It is suggested that if these factors were initially identified and eliminated prior to implementation, the decline of TQM as a strategy for improving the provision and delivery of quality patient care could have been prevented. Design/methodology/approach – The case study approach was chosen because it is the preferred method when “how” or “what” questions are being posed. It is applicable as is evident in this paper where the researcher has little control over events and when the focus is on a contemporary phenomenon within some real-life context. The case study enables the researcher to give an accurate rendition of actual events; it contributes uniquely to the knowledge of individual, organisational, social, and political phenomena. The semi-structured face-to-face interview constituted the main data collection technique of the research. In...
Generation of ECG prototype waveforms by piecewise correlational averaging

Describes a novel approach to the processing of ECG data. The procedure constructs a prototype waveform and generates timing statistics on the waveform components within the beats. Individual segments, defined heuristically to separate the P, QRS, and T waves in each recorded waveform, are aligned by correlation and averaged independently. The individual segment averages are subsequently concatenated to form the prototype. The new prototype is shown to correlate better with the ensemble of data waveforms than does the conventional time-locked average. The process also generates intrabeat statistics that describe the relative latency fluctuations within the waveform population.
Case report 764

Fig. 2. Midline sagittal Tl-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) image of the left knee demonstrates the joint effusion (arrowheads), extraosseous soft-tissue component (black arrows), and extension of the epiphyseal lesion into the metaphysis (white arrows). The lesion and surrounding edema are of intermediate signal intensity. Intercalation of tumor through the superior tibial cortex can be seen Clinical information
Characterization of the Transcription Map and Rev Activity of a Highly Cytopathic Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract A highly cytopathic feline immunodeficiency virus, FIV-Oma, was previously isolated from a nondomestic cat. In this report, we describe experiments to characterize its transcription map and examine its Rev activity. The temporal progression of viral gene expression is similar to that of HIV-1. The splicing pattern of viral transcripts was determined by sequence analysis of RT-PCR-amplified viral cDNAs. In vitro transcription and translation of two putative rev cDNAs revealed that they encode at least one 22-kDa protein. The Rev-responsive element (RRE) of FIV-Oma, identified by computer-assisted RNA secondary structure analysis, was inserted into the intron of an HIV-1-derived reporter plasmid and used in a transient transfection assay for Rev activity. Cotransfection of the RRE construct with the two rev cDNA clones significantly increased the expression of the reporter gene linked to the RRE, indicating that both transcripts encode an active Rev protein. The Rev activity of FIV-Oma is 5 to 8 times higher than that of a domestic cat FIV isolate, FIV-PPR. Our experiments also demonstrate the heterologous interaction of FIV-PPR Rev with the FIV-Oma RRE, even though the RREs of the two viruses have very little nucleotide sequence identity.
T Cell Myc-tabolism

T cell activation leads to a dramatic demand for energy and biosynthetic precursors that is met by increased glucose and glutamine metabolism. In this issue of Immunity, Wang et al. (2011) show that Myc is essential in T cell metabolic reprogramming.
Motor Vehicle Recovery A Multilevel Event History Analysis of NIBRS Data

Despite its importance for victims, and society as a whole, motor vehicle theft (MVT) recovery is rarely studied. The current research note draws on rational choice and opportunity-based perspectives, and police agency technology use, to develop and test a multilevel event history (survival) analysis model for MVT recovery. Contrary to the hypothesis that more expensive vehicles have a lower chance of recovery due to their attractiveness for permanent retention, the analysis found that recovery was least likely for incidents in which the stolen car had little value (less than $1,000), with no significant differences among the categories of $1,000 or greater. Measures of local opportunity for permanent retention MVT did not have statistically significant effects on recovery, but closer proximity to a major port or US-Mexico border crossing was associated with lower odds of recovery. Furthermore, police agency use of a stolen vehicle tracking system increased odds of recovery.
Effects of provisional acrylic resins on gingival fibroblast cytokine/growth factor expression.

Statement of problem Several studies have reported that polymerized resin materials may release agents into surrounding tissues. These agents could alter cytokine/growth factor expression. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the effects that provisional acrylic resins have on cell toxicity and the expression of cytokines/growth factors from human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Material and methods The materials used in this study were chemically activated bis-acryl composite (Chem-Bis), chemically activated polyethyl methacrylate (Chem-PEMA), chemically activated polymethyl methacrylate (Chem-PMMA), and heat-activated polymethyl methacrylate (Heat-PMMA) resins. HGFs were incubated for 72 hours in the presence of eluate from each resin and in the absence of any eluate (negative control). The conditioned media were then collected and stored at −70°C. Cell toxicity was determined using a lactate dehydrogenase method. Cytokine/growth factor expression was examined using cytokine antibody arrays. The experiments were repeated 3 times. The data were analyzed with 1-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney test, and 1-sample t test (α=.05). Results There was no significant cell toxicity observed from the eluates. The cytokine/growth factor expression induced by Chem-Bis was significantly greater than the control for growth-regulated oncogene (GRO) ( P P =.031), and tumor necrosis factor-β (TNF)-β ( P =.009). For Chem-PEMA, the cytokine/growth factor expression was significantly greater than the control for GRO-α ( P =.022), interleukin (IL)-13 ( P =.031), and TNF-α ( P =.017). The cytokines/growth factors induced by Chem-PEMA were significantly less than the control ( P =.008) and Chem-Bis for IL-8 ( P =.042). The expression induced by Chem-PMMA was significantly greater than the control for IL-13 ( P =.036), IL-1α ( P =.003), IL-2 ( P =.020), and IL-5 ( P =.045). Finally, Heat-PMMA induced significantly greater levels than the control for GRO ( P P =.008). Conclusions This study demonstrated that the resins evaluated were nontoxic to the HGFs. There were changes in the cytokine/growth factor levels that were statistically significant, but may not be clinically significant. (J Prosthet Dent 2008;100:390-397)
Linseed Oil Paint as Ionomer: Synthesis and Characterization

As linseed oil ages, hydrolysis and oxidation produce acid groups on the polymer chain that may lead to ionomeric behavior. The effect of these changes is difficult to determine in old paints because of the lack of records of environmental and treatment histories that can alter the physical properties significantly. A series of paints were made that have chemical properties similar to those of aged paints and that mimic old paints. Their properties seem to show flexibility as well as coherency but low strength and a high susceptibility to solvents.
SHEEPSKIN EFFECTS BY COHORT: IMPLICATIONS OF JOB MATCHING IN A SIGNALING MODEL

In the presence of job matching, the returns to education signals are shown to decline in value as additional work experience allows more direct observation of productivity. This is tested by estimating sheepskin effects across five age cohorts of non-minority males in 1991. The effects are large and significant in early cohorts and virtually nonexistent in later cohorts. This pattern is partially codrmed with estimations within cohorts showing sheepskin returns declining from 1979 to 1991. The pattern within cohorts suggests that the 1991 pattern is not merely the result of vintage effects but caution is expressed in drawing conclusions.
NISHIDA IN CONTEXT

Book reviewed in this article: ZEN AND PHILOSOPHY: AN INTELLECTUAL BIOGRAPHY OF NISHIDA KITARO By Michiko Yusa PHILOSOPHERS OF NOTHINGNESS: AN ESSAY ON THE KYOTO SCHOOL By James W. Heisig BEYOND PERSONAL IDENTITY: DOGEN, NISHIDA AND A PHENOMENOLOGY OF NO-SELF By Gereon Kopf
Loss of Anergic B Cells in Prediabetic and New-Onset Type 1 Diabetic Patients

Although dogma predicts that under normal circumstances, potentially offensive autoreactive cells are silenced by mechanisms of immune tolerance, islet antigen–reactive B lymphocytes are known to play a crucial role in the development of autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Thus, participation of these cells in T1D may reflect escape from silencing mechanisms. Consistent with this concept, we found that in healthy subjects, high-affinity insulin-binding B cells occur exclusively in the anergic naive IgD+, IgM− B-cell (BND) compartment. Antigen receptors expressed by these cells are polyreactive and have N-region additions, Vh usage, and charged complementarity-determining region 3 consistent with autoreactivity. Consistent with a potential early role in autoimmunity, these high-affinity insulin-binding B cells are absent from the anergic compartment of some first-degree relatives and all prediabetic and new-onset ( 1 year. Interestingly, these changes were correlated by transient loss of the entire BND compartment. These findings suggest that environmental events such as infection or injury may, by disrupting B-cell anergy, dispose individuals toward autoimmunity, the precise nature of which is specified by genetic risk factors, such as HLA alleles.
Determinants of time allocation across the lifespan

This paper lays the groundwork for a theory of time allocation across the life course, based on the idea that strength and skill vary as a function of age, and that return rates for different activities vary as a function of the combination of strength and skills involved in performing those tasks. We apply the model to traditional human subsistence patterns. The model predicts that young children engage most heavily in low-strength/low-skill activities, middle-aged adults in high-strength/high-skill activities, and older adults in low-strength/high-skill activities. Tests among Machiguenga and Piro forager-horticulturalists of southeastern Peru show that males and females focus on low-strength/low-skill tasks early in life (domestic tasks and several forms of fishing), switch to higher-strength/higher-skill activities in their twenties and thirties (hunting, fishing, and gardening for males; fishing and gardening for females), and shift focus to high-skill activities late in life (manufacture/repair, food processing).
STUDIES ON THE MOTILITY OF THE HELIOZOA I. THE LOCOMOTION OF ACTINOSPHAERIUM EICHHORNI AND ACTINOPHRYS SP.

SUMMARY Analysis of cine records indicates that the locomotion of Actinosphaerium eichhorni and Actinophrys sp. includes a definite rolling motion, in addition to evident horizontal and vertical displacements. Such movements could be correlated with significant changes in the lengths of supportive axopods, but not with axopodial rowing or sliding movements. The data also do not support a model of locomotion based simply on those systematic shifts in the cell's centre of gravity that would be caused by sequential collapse of supportive axopods. Although active bending of attached axopods cannot be discounted, locomotion would seem to result from forces generated between the cytosome and substratum by attached axopods undergoing changes in length. The observations suggest, moreover, that axopodial retraction is more important than elongation in the generation of motive force. It is proposed that the relative magnitude of each locomotory component is determined by the dimensional parameters of the particular species. As a consequence, changes in axopodial length can account for both the 'rolling' and 'gliding' behaviour reported in the literature.
Analysis of the linear SIC for DS/CDMA signals with random spreading

The linear successive interference canceler (LSIC) is a multiuser detector that employs the magnitude of the matched filter (MF) output as the received amplitude estimate of the detected user for use in signal reconstruction. This paper investigates the performance of the LSIC when random spreading sequences are employed. Specifically, the conditional mean and the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the decision variable in each stage are derived to quantify the effects due to imperfect symbol and amplitude estimates. In addition, under the constraint that each user must achieve a certain SINR requirement, we examine the received powers needed for each of a specified number of users and the maximum number of users that a system can support when the LSIC is used in a base station. Computer simulations are presented to compare these results with those of several linear multiuser detectors.
When it looks like familial hypercholesterolemia...but is not.

When faced with a new patient whose low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level is 239 mg/dL, who has no other diseases, and who takes no drugs affecting lipid metabolism, a doctor is likely to make the diagnosis of Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) on the spot. If the patient confirms that she has had this problem since she was a young girl and that her father and older brother are affected as well, this will close the case. However, even if she objects that her cholesterol was normal when she was in college and swears that her parents have no lipid problems, our confidence in the diagnosis will not falter, and we would just assume that personal and family history may not be accurately recalled. We all know that the criteria for the diagnosis of FH are more complex, but xanthomas and arcus senilis are rarely present, and thickening of the Achilles tendons is hard to confirm by manual examination, coronary artery disease is often delayed in subjects without other risk factors, and evaluation of family history in most cases is based on patient report, not on direct investigation. This leaves us with 1 piece of information, the LDL cholesterol level, which we know can be moderately increased by many factors and raises above the 95th percentile (or about 190 mg/dL in adults) only for severe clearance problems. In the absence of renal, hepatic, autoimmune, or thyroid diseases, if the patients are not taking medications that notoriously can raise LDL cholesterol levels, an LDL clearance problem is attributable to a faulty interaction between the LDL receptor (LDLR) and its ligand on the LDL particle (apoB). Classically, FH was defined as a dominantly inherited disease caused by mutations in the LDLR gene.1 It was later determined that a dysfunctional mutation in apoB also …
Additional Evidence of Long-Run Purchasing Power Parity with Restricted Structural Change

We investigate two alternative versions of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP): reversion to a constant mean in the spirit of Cassel and reversion to a constant trend in the spirit of Balassa and Samuelson, using long-span real exchange rate data for industrialized countries. We develop unit root tests that both account for structural change and maintain a long-run mean or trend. With conventional tests, previous research finds evidence of some variant of PPP for 9 of the 16 countries. With the unit root tests in the presence of restricted structural change, we find evidence of PPP for five additional countries.
FEMINIST ATTITUDES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN AND MEN

Research on the intersection of race and gender suggests that, for African Americans, racial inequality is more salient than gender inequality. However, theoretical perspectives on the multiplicative effects of status positions and “outsider within” models suggest that minority group membership can be a catalyst for the development of feminist attitudes. This article examines three issues central to feminism: (1) recognition and critique of gender inequality, (2) egalitarian gender roles, and (3) political activism for the rights of women. The authors found that support for feminist ideology was common for both African American women and men, although the level of support varied depending on the issue and by gender. Factors predicting the endorsement of feminist ideology also varied depending on the issue and by gender. The authors found partial support for the race saliency hypothesis, but there was also evidence of the multiplicative effects of status positions on African Americans' feminist attitudes.
A cell-based assay for aggregation inhibitors as therapeutics of polyglutamine-repeat disease and validation in Drosophila

The formation of polyglutamine-containing aggregates and inclusions are hallmarks of pathogenesis in Huntington's disease that can be recapitulated in model systems. Although the contribution of inclusions to pathogenesis is unclear, cell-based assays can be used to screen for chemical compounds that affect aggregation and may provide therapeutic benefit. We have developed inducible PC12 cell-culture models to screen for loss of visible aggregates. To test the validity of this approach, compounds that inhibit aggregation in the PC12 cell-based screen were tested in a Drosophila model of polyglutamine-repeat disease. The disruption of aggregation in PC12 cells strongly correlates with suppression of neuronal degeneration in Drosophila. Thus, the engineered PC12 cells coupled with the Drosophila model provide a rapid and effective method to screen and validate compounds.
Needs assessment of the displaced population following the August 1999 earthquake in Turkey

In August 1999 a major earthquake struck north-western Turkey. An assessment followed to identify the immediate needs of the displaced population. A random cluster sample of displaced families living in temporary shelter outside of organised relief camps was designed. Representatives of 230 households from the four communities worse affected by the earthquake were interviewed. Most families lived in makeshift shelters (84 per cent), used bottled water (91 per cent), obtained food from relief organisations (61 per cent), had access to latrines (90 per cent), had a member on routine medication (53 per cent) and obtained information by word of mouth (81 per cent). Many respondents reported having family members who were over the age of 65 (32 per cent) or under age three (20 per cent), who were pregnant (6 per cent), or who had been ill since the earthquake (64 per cent). The greatest immediate need reported by most families was shelter requirements (37 per cent), followed by food (23 per cent) and hygiene requirements (19 per cent). Ten days after the earthquake, basic environmental health needs of food, shelter and hygiene still predominated in this displaced population. Significant portions may have special needs due to age or illness.
Quantitation of soybean allergens using tandem mass spectrometry

Soybean (Glycine max) seed contain some proteins that are allergenic to humans and animals. However, the concentration of these allergens and their expression variability among germplasms is presently unknown. To address this problem, 10 allergens were quantified from 20 nongenetically modified commercial soybean varieties using parallel, label-free mass spectrometry approaches. Relative quantitation was performed by spectral counting and absolute quantitation was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with synthetic, isotope-labeled peptides as internal standards. During relative quantitation analysis, 10 target allergens were identified, and five of these allergens showed expression levels higher than technical variation observed for bovine serum albumin (BSA) internal standard (∼11%), suggesting expression differences among the varieties. To confirm this observation, absolute quantitation of these allergens from each variety was performed using MRM. Eight of the 10 allergens were quantified for their concentration in seed and ranged from approximately 0.5 to 5.7 μg/mg of soy protein. MRM analysis reduced technical variance of BSA internal standards to approximately 7%, and confirmed differential expression for four allergens across the 20 varieties. This is the first quantitative assessment of all major soybean allergens. The results show the total quantity of allergens measured among the 20 soy varieties was mostly similar.
High-resolution image reconstruction from digital video by exploitation of nonglobal motion

Many imaging systems utilize detector arrays that do not sample the scene according to the Nyquist criterion. As a result, the higher spatial frequencies admitted by the optics are aliased. This creates undesirable artifacts in the imagery. Furthermore, the blurring effects of the optics and the finite detector size also degrade the image quality. Several approaches for increasing the sampling rate of imaging systems have been suggested in the literature. We propose an algorithm for resolution enhancement that exploits object motion in digital video sequences. Unlike previously defined techniques, we use an automated segmentation method to isolate rigid moving objects. These are accurately registered and the multiple observations of the object are used to produce an effectively high sampling rate over the object. The experimental results presented illustrate the breakdown of resolution enhancement algorithms that assume global scene motion when the actual scene motion is nonglobal. The performance of the proposed algorithm is illustrated using images from a forward looking IR imager and a visible range camera.
The Hierarchical Normal Linear Model

In this Chapter one more restriction to the normal model of Chapter 6 will be imposed: linearity in the parameters. Within this model most all standard situations involving severity, pure premiums, or loss ratios can be handled. The only reasonable case that cannot be handled is the Poisson model for frequency. This will be covered in Chapter 9.
Effective Stabilization of a High‐Loading Sulfur Cathode and a Lithium‐Metal Anode in Li‐S Batteries Utilizing SWCNT‐Modulated Separators

A custom single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-modulated separator is employed to directly suppress the polysulfide migration and indirectly protect the lithium-metal anode from severe polysulfide contamination. The conductive sp(2) -carbon scaffold continuously reactivates and reutilizes the trapped active material, so the SWCNT-modulated separator provides a facile way to facilitate the implementation of pure sulfur cathodes with high sulfur contents and loadings.
What Determined Antebellum Banks Specie Reserve: New Evidences from Illinois Free Banks

This paper empirically examines the historical allegation of fraudulent behavior of bank management by scrutinizing the balance sheet of individual bank and finds none of the Illinois free banks was without specie reserve. Applying econometric tools to balance sheet items, this paper identifies that deposit liabilities and banknotes in circulation were significant determinants of specie reserves for antebellum banks. Specie reserve was positively related to deposit liabilities and negatively related to banknotes in circulation. The elasticity of specie demand for deposits and banknotes was 22 and 51 percent respectively. Other liabilities like banks equity capital and notes of other banks insignificant.
Whether Health Departments Should Provide Clinical Services After the Implementation of the Affordable Care Act.

I have described a decision support tool that may facilitate local decisions regarding the provision and billing of clinical services. I created a 2 by 2 matrix of health professional shortage and Medicaid expansion availability as of July 2015. I found that health departments in 93% of US counties may still need to provide clinical services despite the institution of the Affordable Care Act. Local context and market conditions should guide health departments’ decision to act as safety net providers.