cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanism design with approximate valuations

We study single-good auctions when each player knows his own valuation only within a constant multiplicative factor δ e (0, 1), known to the mechanism designer. The classical notions of implementation in dominant strategies and implementation in undominated strategies are naturally extended to this setting, but their power is vastly different.On the negative side, we prove that no dominant-strategy mechanism can guarantee social welfare that is significantly better than that achievable by assigning the good to a random player.On the positive side, we provide tight upper and lower bounds for the fraction of the maximum social welfare achievable in undominated strategies, whether deterministically or probabilistically.
Animism and Related Tendencies in Hopi Children A Replication of Dennis

The work of Wayne Dennis on animism in Hopi Indian children is replicated after 40 years. The results indicate that while little change has taken place in the Hopi child's attribution of life to inanimate objects, there is a substantial decrease in the attribution of consciousness to these same objects. An additional result is that the moral realism of the present day Hopi children has decreased markedly as compared with the original study.
A Role for Community Psychologists: As Participant‐Conceptualizers

Abstract There is a powerful body of theory and literature in the social and behavioral sciences that argues our organized communities evolve in ways well out of our control as humans and that we both individually and collectively have little capacity to actually create systems according to our blueprints. If this is correct, it could help explain why we seem so unable to generate the type of psychological sense of community we describe as essential for healthy contemporary living. In this paper I argue we need a whole other way of thinking about the role we might play as co-actors in the evolutionary processes of human systems, a role community psychology has described as participant-conceptualization. I focus on the fact that in human systems, the meanings, both individual and shared, that we attach to experience are all important. This paper discusses how meaning is generated, with a primary emphasis on the role of framing and argues that only as we develop capacities in our organized systems to “self-...
GROWTH RINGS IN TREE SPECIES FROM THE TANA RIVER FLOODPLAIN, KENYA

ABSTRACT Growth rings of 19 tree species obtained from the Tana riverine forests in Kenya were studied for potential usefulness in dendrochronology. Among the growth ring characteristics used to qualitatively evaluate the potential usefulness of each species for dendrochronology included: distinctiveness of ring boundaries, ring circuit uniformity, ring wedging and ring sensitivity. Five species were identified as having the most desirable growth ring characteristics and therefore presented the best opportunity to crossdate ring width series among different trees. Crossdating among different trees would lead to the development of tree ring chronologies. These species included Acacia elatior, Acacia robusta, Tamarindus indica and Newtonia hildebrandtii, common on inactive levees occurring toward the edge of the floodplain, and Rinorea elliptica, an understory species found on levees. The timing of growth ring formation and exogenous factors responsible for its formation are yet to be identified. Drought co...
Disorder in Photosynthetic Light Harvesting Complexes: A Three-Pulse Photon Echo Peak Shift Study of the B800 band of the LH2 complex

Three-Pulse Echo Peak Shift (3PEPS) data on the B800 band of LH2 complex reveals energy transfer on a time-scale of 500 fs within the band and is modeled properly by combing the appropriate optical response functions with the population kinetics obtained via the solution of the master equation. Our model suggests the presence of two-levels of disorder in the B800 ring.
Chronic inhaled nitric oxide : effects on pulmonary vascular endothelial function and pathology in rats

Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent endogenous vasodilator produced in endothelial cells. Inhaled NO selectively vasodilates the pulmonary circulation. We determined the effects of chronic inhaled NO on hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling and endothelium NO-dependent and -independent vasodilation during normoxic and hypoxic conditions in rats. Rats were exposed to 3 wk of normoxia (N), normoxia + 20 ppm inhaled NO (N+NO), chronic hypoxia with 10% normobaric oxygen (CH), or CH and 20 ppm inhaled NO (CH+NO). Inhaled NO decreased the number of muscular pulmonary arteries, the medial smooth muscle thickness, and the right ventricular hypertrophy associated with chronic hypoxia but had no effect on these parameters in normoxic rats. All groups were evaluated with isolated perfused lungs. The pulmonary artery pressure increased by the same amount in the CH and CH+NO rats compared with N rats. Inhibition of NO synthase with N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) caused greater pulmonary vasoconstriction in CH (19.2 +/- 3.7 mmHg) vs. N (7.8 +/- 3.0 mmHg) and less in CH+NO (9.1 +/- 0.8 mmHg) vs. CH rats. Bradykinin (3 micrograms) caused greater vasodilation in CH (76 +/- 12%) vs. N (29 +/- 5%) but significantly less in CH+NO (41 +/- 11%) vs. CH rats. Vasodilation with acute inhaled NO (40 ppm) was no different in CH vs. N rats but was lower in CH+NO (19 +/- 5%) vs. CH (34 +/- 6%) rats. This study demonstrates that chronic inhaled NO attenuates hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling. Furthermore, these results suggest that chronic inhaled NO decreases endothelium NO-dependent and -independent vasodilation.
Ion Channel Diseases: an Update for 2016

Ion channelopathies are a frequent cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with structurally normal hearts. These are generally Mendelian inherited electrical disorders with variable penetrance and expressivity. The ability to predict the development of life threatening arrhythmias in these patients is challenging. This chapter will present an update on the genetics, the role of genetic testing, and management of the inherited cardiac channelopathies with a focus on the relatively more common syndromes associated with an increased risk of SCD.
Abstract 1399: SRC-1 up-regulates CSF-1 expression to potentiate breast cancer metastasis

Steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1/NCOA1) has been reported to be overexpressed in a subset of human breast cancer (BC) and its overexpression correlates with Her2 expression, disease recurrence and endocrine therapy resistance. To determine the role and underlying mechanisms of SRC-1 overexpression in BC progression and metastasis, a transgenic mouse model with overexpression of human SRC-1 in mouse mammary epithelial cells was created. In vivo data revealed that overxpression of SRC-1 potentiated BC metastasis to lung in both MMTV/Neu and MMTV/TVA/PyMT tumor models. While SRC-1 overexpression did not obviously accelerate tumor growth in these BC mouse models, the number of tumor cells invaded into blood vessels and metastasis index in lung tissue significantly increased in these mice. In addition to the elevated Twist expression and activation of Her2 and AKT driven by SRC-1 overexpression in the tumors, CSF-1 level was significantly increased in SRC-1 overexpressed tumors. We also found that CSF-1 expression was decreased in two PyMT/SRC-1 KO tumor cell lines compared with the two PyMT/WT control cell lines. Knockdown of SRC-1 in PyMT/WT cells or human BC cells reduced CSF-1 levels, while adenoviral-mediated expression of SRC-1 in PyMT/SRC-1 KO cells or human BC cells significantly promoted CSF-1 expression. Furthermore SRC-1 was found to interact with transcription factors, c-jun and c-fos, to activate the csf-1 promoter. Both SRC-1 and c-fos were found to associate with the csf-1 promoter at AP-1 binding sites in human BC cells. This study provided compelling evidence that overexpression of SRC-1 promotes BC metastasis. Targeting SRC-1 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for controlling BC metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1399. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1399
Evolution of structure and reactivity in a series of iconic carbenes.

We present experimental activation parameters for the reactions of six carbenes (CCl2, CClF, CF2, ClCOMe, FCOMe, and (MeO)2C) with six alkenes (tetramethylethylene, cyclohexene, 1-hexene, methyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, and α-chloroacrylonitrile). Activation energies range from −1 kcal/mol for the addition of CCl2 to tetramethylethylene to 11 kcal/mol for the addition of FCOMe to acrylonitrile. A generally satisfactory analysis of major trends in the evolution of carbenic structure and reactivity is afforded by qualitative applications of frontier molecular orbital theory, although the observed entropies of activation appear to fall in a counterintuitive pattern. An analysis of computed cyclopropanation transition state parameters reveals significant nucleophilic selectivity of (MeO)2C toward α-chloroacrylonitrile.
Room Temperature Morphologies of Precise Acid- and Ion-Containing Polyethylenes

The room temperature morphologies of twelve precise copolymers based on polyethylene (PE) were studied by solid-state 13C NMR, DSC, and X-ray scattering. These copolymers feature carboxylic acid, phosphonic acid or 1-methylimidazolium bromide pendants on exactly every 9th, 15th or 21st carbon atom along the linear PE chain. The morphologies were categorized by the arrangement of the acid or ionic aggregates into liquid-like, layered, or cubic morphologies. The liquid-like morphology is characterized by an amorphous PE matrix and liquid-like packing of the aggregates, wherein the interaggregate spacing increases with both the PE segment length and the pendant size. The layered morphologies typically have a semicrystalline PE matrix and upon stretching become highly anisotropic. Notably, the orientation of the aggregates and the PE crystallites relative to the stretch direction depends on whether the morphology is dominated by PE crystallization, as found for acrylic acid (AA) and phosphonic acid (PA) copol...
U.S. Bank Structure, Fragility, Bailout, and Failure during the U.S. Financial Crisis

This paper examines the impact of charter type, holding company structure, and measures of bank fragility on the likelihood of a bank bailout or failure during the late 2000s financial crisis. The empirical results indicate that established institutions were more likely to fail if they were relatively large, had relatively low capital ratios, relied more heavily on brokered deposits, and held a relatively large portfolio of real estate loans. In addition, bank failure was more likely for those banks that had a relatively large proportion of nonperforming loans. The variables explaining the likelihood a bank received bailout funds are similar except that holding a large proportion of nonperforming loans reduced the likelihood that a bank received bailout funds. Overall, these results are consistent with regulators providing bailout funds to banks that were more likely to survive the financial crisis, but allowing those banks that were inherently fragile to fail.
Surveillance results on Geohelminthes disease in Xinyang City of Henan Province in 2010

[Objective]To understand the infection status of Geohelminthes disease in Xinyang City of Henan Province,and provide scientific evidence for developing control measures and evaluating control effect.[Methods]The improved Kato-Katz method was used on the permanent residents above 3 years in monitoring points for the detection of hookworm,roundworm,whipworm and pinworm examination.The swab anal with cellophane was used to check the pinworm eggs of children aged 3-12 years old.[Results] Totally 1 099 persons were examined,with an average infection rate of Geohelminthes disease of 3.91% which decreased by 74.79%,compared with that in 2002.The infection rate of roundworm,hookworm,whipworm,and children's pinworm was 2.00%,0.73%,0.18%,1.00%,respectively.[Conclusion]The infection rate of Geohelminthes disease is decreasing,but the parasitic diseases control needs to be strengthened.
Lithotripsy of Urinary Calculi by Tunable Pulsed Dye Lasers: A Randomized in Vitro Study

AbstractPulsed dye laser lithotripsy has been used in the treatment of urinary calculi. We compared the efficacy of 2 pulsed dye lasers with different pulse durations in lithotripsy. A total of 20 pairs of human kidney stones was matched by size and composition, and randomized for laser lithotripsy under identical in vitro conditions. Each stone received 150 shocks at sequential energy settings between 40 and 140mJ. while in a laser fiber compatible stone basket until complete fragmentation occurred. Stone fragments were separated by size and weighed. We found that the laser with the shorter pulse duration fragmented stones with less total energy and produced fewer fragments greater than 3.35mm. The differences were statistically significant.
A two-year retrospective review of suspected deep tissue injury evolution in adult acute care patients.

Suspected deep tissue injury (sDTI) was recently defined as a pressure ulcer category, and knowledge about the evolution of these ulcers is limited. The purpose of this single-site, 2-year, retrospective, IRB-approved study was to increase understanding of the evolution and outcomes of sDTI. Inclusion criteria were hospitalized patients, 18 years or older, with a sDTI confirmed by a wound care nurse. Patient charts and WOC nurse notes were examined and patient demographics and DTI variables abstracted. All patients received standardized, comprehensive care for pressure ulcer prevention and treatment. Seventy-seven (77) patients, average age 67.5 years (range 32-91 years), with 128 sDTIs were identified and included in the study. The majority were men (52, 67.5%) and non-Hispanic Caucasian (68, 88.3%). Twenty-three (23, 31%) were overweight. The most common comorbidities were coronary artery disease (38, 50%) and diabetes mellitus (33, 43%), and the vast majority (67, 88.1%) had altered mobility (67, 88.1%), spent time in the intensive care unit (64, 84.2%), and were incontinent (64, 84.2%). The most common areas involved were the sacrum (51, 39.8%) and the heel/Achilles region (37, 28.9%). Maroon-purple discoloration of intact skin was the most commonly documented presentation (115 ulcers, 89.9%). Average length of follow-up was 6 days (range 1 day to 14 weeks). At the final assessment, 85 sDTIs (66.4%) completely resolved or were progressing toward resolution, 31 remained unchanged and were still documented as purple-maroon discoloration or a blood-filled blister, and deterioration to full-thickness tissue loss occurredin 12 (9.3%). These observations may offer important insights into the evolution of sDTIs. Research is needed to identify sDTI risk factors and most effective protocols of care.
Clomiphene citrate augments follicle-stimulating hormone-induced luteinizing hormone receptor content in cultured rat granulosa cells

Although clomiphene citrate (CC) has been widely used for ovulation induction, the mechanism of its pro-fertility effect is not entirely clear. Because CC augments ovarian aromatase activity, the effect of CC on follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-induced luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor content was examined in primary cultures of rat granulosa cells. Control cultures contained low LH receptor content, whereas FSH stimulated LH receptor formation in a dose-dependent manner. The concomitant addition of CC enhanced FSH potency as shown by a decrease in the ED 50 for FSH by 2.2-fold. Some cells were treated with a low concentration of FSH (12 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of increasing concentrations of CC (10 −8 M to 10 −6 M). The enhancement of FSH-stimulated LH receptor formation was found to be CC dose dependent, with an ED 50 of 6×10 −8 M. Thus, CC may play a direct ovarian role in the enhancement of FSH-stimulated LH receptors. The gonadal action of this compound may be relevant in understanding the efficacy of CC in ovulation induction.
The Chalcolithic Radiocarbon Record and Its Use in Southern Levantine Archaeology

Archaeological evidence suggests that the Chalcolithic period (5th-4th millennium BCE) in the southern Levant was a time of significant settlement expansion and increasing social complexity. Important technological and social developments during this era set the stage for the later rise of fortified sites and nascence of urbanization in the Early Bronze Age. Controversy surrounding the chronology of Chalcolithic settlement and the reconstruction of social trajectories has stimulated an interest in building a database of radiocarbon dates to measure the tempo of change and help resolve these issues. To facilitate social evolutionary research, this paper reviews and updates published 14 C data for the southern Levantine Chalcolithic. The now-substantial database supports the generally accepted time frame for this archaeological period and allows synchronic comparisons across diverse geographic subregions in the southern Levant. In addition, it helps to temporally place the emergence of sophisticated technologies and the development of complex social institutions within the Chalcolithic period. However, radiometrically based attempts at pan-regional internal periodization of the Chalcolithic and fine-tuning of protohistoric events such as site establishment and abandonment are frustrated by the lack of precision in 14 C dates, which limits their ability to resolve chronological sequence. Improved delineation of Chalcolithic social trajectories can be achieved most effectively by focussing research efforts on stratigraphic and typological investigations of deeply-stratified settlement sites such as Teleilat Ghassul and Shiqmim within their local contexts.
Abstract IA27: Perturbation of host cellular regulatory networks by human papillomaviruses

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small viruses with ~8,000 bp double-stranded, circular genomes. There are over 200 HPV types and they all infect epithelial cells. While most HPV infections are subclinical others cause overt lesions. Most HPV-associated lesions are benign but some “high-risk” HPVs cause lesions that have a propensity for malignant progression and approximately 10% of all human cancers worldwide are caused by high-risk HPV infections. HPV-associated cancers generally represent non-productive infections, i.e. viral proteins are synthesized but no infectious virus is produced. HPV-associated cancers retain expression of two viral genes, E6 and E7, and continued expression of these two viral genes is necessary for cancer cell proliferation and survival. High-risk HPV E6 and E7 encode small, non-enzymatic proteins of ~150 and ~100 amino acids, respectively. These viral proteins exert their oncogenic activities by associating with and functionally reprogramming critical cellular regulatory nodes; indeed, they have been reported to affect the majority of the “Hallmarks of Cancer” as defined by Hanahan and Weinberg (Cell 144:646). In addition to targeting a number of well-known tumor suppressor pathways including TP53 and RB1, E6 and E7 also, directly and indirectly, affect many other cellular signaling pathways. As a result, HPV E6/E7 expressing cells develop unexpected vulnerabilities to perturbation of signaling pathways that are readily tolerated in normal cells. Citation Format: Karl Munger. Perturbation of host cellular regulatory networks by human papillomaviruses. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Cancer Cell Cycle - Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Response; Feb 28-Mar 2, 2016; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(11_Suppl):Abstract nr IA27.
A Crowd Content Analysis Assembly Line: Annotating Text Units of Analysis

Manual content analysis, also known as hand-coding or annotation, is often the only way to reliably identify important social phenomena in textual data. However, it is extremely time consuming, often requiring large teams of trained undergraduate research assistants working over several years. This article presents a new approach to manual content analysis (and software) enabling researchers to enlist the help untrained citizen scientists and crowd workers to label text through the internet. After first describing the dilemma of large-scale text analysis, the article explains how hand-coding for text units of analysis (TUAs) allows the work of a hand-coding project to be decomposed into micro-tasks fit for untrained crowd workers. The approach and software are explained in detail. Then, the article compares the new approach to similar fully-manual or fully-automated approaches, finding that it is less costly and four times faster than traditional manual content analysis, while producing richer and more transparent data than other approaches. The article then outlines a number of projects that might benefit from crowd content analysis, demonstrating its generalizability to an array of social science fields. And finally, it closes with a discussion of the specific limitations and general promise of this new approach.
Measuring Competing Equilibria at a Silica Surface through the Contact Angle of a Nonpolar Liquid

Characterizing the composition of an oxide surface is critical to a range of applications in separations and reaction chemistry. For silica surfaces, among the key issues is the competition for occupancy of the siloxide (SiO–) sites by H+ and other cations. We studied the competition between H+ and Na+ for surface siloxide occupancy as a function of the concentrations of each cation using the contact angle of a droplet of CCl4 on a silica surface immersed in aqueous solution as the probe of surface energy. We find the dissociation constant for SiONa to be larger than the SiOH dissociation constant, and with knowledge of the surface energy for CCl4 in contact with H2O, we are able to determine the surface energies of the SiOH–water, SiONa–water, and CCl4–SiOX interfaces.
Birds of a Feather: Do Co-Movements in Accounting Fundamentals Help to Explain Commonalities in Securities Returns?*

Recent accounting and finance literature has introduced the term returns synchronicity, the relation of firm-specific returns to market-wide and industry-wide returns. This paper evaluates the power of fundamental synchronicity, proxied by financial accounting performance measures, to explain cross-sectional variation in returns synchronicity. In addition, we also test the potential effect of fundamental synchronicity on inferences about the relation of analyst coverage to returns synchronicity, as reported in Piotroski and Roulstone (2003). We find that various fundamental synchronicity measures are incrementally important to explain returns synchronicity. Furthermore, inferences about the relation of analyst coverage to returns synchronicity are sensitive to the inclusion of fundamental synchronicity measures as control variables.
Patterns of Family Narrative Co-construction in Relation to Adolescent Identity and Well-Being

In this excerpt, a family with a 12-year-old adolescent co-narrates a shared sad experience, the death of the adolescent’s great-grandfather. As this example points to, family narratives are a window into how families construct a shared sense of history, understand and validate each others’ emotions and create a sense of who they are as a family, and as individuals, in the present.
The Effects of Nutrition Package Claims, Nutrition Facts Panels, and Motivation to Process Nutrition Information on Consumer Product Evaluations:

In a laboratory experiment using a between-subjects design, the authors examine the effects on nutrition and product evaluations of nutrition claims made (e.g., “99% fat free; ” “low in calories ”)...
Molecular Oleogels: Green Approach in Structuring Vegetable Oils

Abstract Fats are among the most vital macronutrients in our diet as they could influence the organoleptic properties of foods. In this chapter, we address the evolution of trans fats and their role in the creation of artificial fats as an alternative to the natural fats. We discuss how the decline of trans fats in foods due to tighter regulations have raised new challenges in structuring vegetable oils without any chemical modification. These challenges have led to the development of alternatives and among them are “oleogels,” which offer potentially viable strategy for forming bulk fats via physical structuring of vegetable oils. Our research is actively engaged in the design and synthesis of multifunctional biobased molecular gelators (amphiphiles) for use in food engineering and personal care products. This chapter is mainly dedicated to discussing the rationale for choosing raw materials for the synthesis of molecular gelators, the regioselective enzymatic process, the principles involved in the self-assembly of gelators, and applications of oleogels in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and other uses. Selected examples of biocatalytically enabled molecular gelators and their oleogels are discussed with specific emphasis on the fatty acyl derivatives of trehalose, sorbitol, mannitol, and raspberry ketone glucoside.
The Role of Needle Electromyography in the Evaluation of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (P2.460)

Objective: Assess the role of needle electromyography in the evaluation of carpal tunnel syndrome. Background: The importance of nerve conduction studies (NCS) in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is well established, while the role of needle electromyography (EMG) is less clear. Design/Methods: We searched the Mayo Clinic electronic medical record for electrodiagnostic studies performed for patients with a clinical diagnosis of CTS or cervical radiculopathy in 2015, as well as for all patients diagnosed with median neuropathy at the wrist (MNW) regardless of referral diagnosis. We reviewed post-operative notes of patients who subsequently underwent surgical release. Results: 369 patients with a clinical diagnosis of CTS alone underwent electrodiagnostic evaluation, of which only 2.5% received an alternative abnormal electrophysiologic diagnosis. Of 210 patients who had electrodiagnostic confirmation of clinically suspected cervical radiculopathy, 25.7% were also found to have MNW. 1342 upper extremities demonstrated MNW regardless of referring diagnosis. Motor unit potential (MUP) changes were seen in 30.1% of those with a compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude greater than 10 mV, and in 97.8% of those with an amplitude less than 3 mV. 13 cases (1.0%) demonstrated absence of the median CMAP, and in these cases needle EMG demonstrated normal proximal median-innervated muscles. 120 upper extremities underwent surgical release, and those with pre-operative MUP changes were less likely to achieve complete resolution of symptoms (43.0%) than those who did not (85.3%). Conclusions: Needle EMG yields little diagnostic value beyond NCS if the pretest probability of CTS is high, while it is more important if the pretest probability is low since MNW is a common incidental finding. Needle EMG was only essential for localization in rare cases where the median CMAP was absent. Needle EMG changes were related to post-surgical outcome, as patients with such changes were less likely to achieve complete resolution of symptoms. Disclosure: Dr. Kogelschatz has nothing to disclose. Dr Laughlin has nothing to disclose.
Manager skill and portfolio size with respect to a benchmark

Investment managers often manage a portfolio with respect to a benchmark. Typically, they use a mean‐variance optimization framework to maximize the information ratio of their portfolio. We develop an unconventional approach to this question. Given a set of assumptions, we ask what optimal percentage of the benchmark stocks the portfolio manager should select. This optimal portfolio depends on Fisher's and Wallenius's noncentral hypergeometric distributions. We find that the optimal selectivity of a benchmark universe varies from 50% to 80%. These results are provocative, given that many enhanced index portfolio managers select a low percentage of the benchmark universe.
Positive random walks and an identity for half-space SPDEs

The purpose of this article is threefold. First, we introduce a new type of boundary condition for the multiplicative-noise stochastic heat equation on the half space. This is essentially a Dirichlet boundary condition but with a nontrivial normalization near the boundary which leads to inhomogeneous transition densities (roughly, those of a Brownian \textit{meander}) within the associated chaos series. Secondly, we prove a new convergence result of the directed-polymer partition function in an octant to the multiplicative stochastic heat equation with this type of boundary condition, which in turn involves a detailed analysis of the aforementioned inhomogeneous Markov process. Thirdly, as a corollary, we prove a surprising equality-in-distribution for multiplicative-noise stochastic heat equations on the half space with \textit{different} boundary conditions. This identity may be seen as a precursor for proving Gaussian fluctuation behavior of supercritical half-space KPZ at the origin.
The Art of Liberating Humanity

The Art of Liberating Humanity is an essay that gestures at abolitionist prison reform. Situating itself against liberal and neo-liberal calls for greater access to any and all forms of education in prisons, particularly the prevailing trends that encourage STEM and/or business fields, or reductionist arguments for vocational training, as well as against radical abolitionist arguments that prison reforms only serve to “pad the cage,” this essay advocates in favor of a liberal arts and humanities rich curriculum for incarcerated students, particularly because of their ability to activate the radical imagination. Drawing heavily on Herbert Marcuse’s essay, On Liberation , and inspired by tradition of radical pedagogy- and the likes of Freire and hooks- this essay undertakes the prison classroom as a space of resistance with radical potential.
Analysis of palliative care content in nursing textbooks.

Overall, this study demonstrates significant deficiencies in end-of-life care content in nursing textbooks. Defining palliative care, quality of life at the end of life, and issues of policy, ethics, and law are the foundation of end-of-life care. Analysis of these topics revealed a need to clarify concepts and to apply them within the context of end-of-life care. The analysis also demonstrated a need to transfer findings from palliative care research and concepts from hospice into basic education. In March 1999 the investigators convened a conference in New York in collaboration with a group of medical investigators analyzing EOL content in medical textbooks. The conference was also attended by publishers, editors, and authors of textbooks. The investigators were very encouraged by their interest in and commitment to correcting any weaknesses in their books. The investigators provided them with specific recommendations for improvement and resources for locating both appropriate content and authors with palliative care expertise. These resources are also made available on the City of Hope Pain Resource Center Web site (http:@mayday.coh.org). Achieving the overall project goal of strengthened nursing education in end-of-life care will be reached through a variety of measures. Improving textbooks is but one important step. The various disciplines involved in palliative care can contribute to this project by working in collaboration with textbook publishers.
Unpacking the Theory of African American Offending: A Qualitative Exploration of Racial Socialization Processes and Their Effects on African American Male College Students:

In 2011, Dr. James Unnever and Dr. Shaun Gabbidon introduced a Theory of African American Offending, which posits that African American offending is motivated in part by common experiences of racis...
Provider versus patient-centered approaches to health promotion with parents of young children: what works/does not work and why.

The purpose of this paper was to provide insight into why the health promotion approach now in general use does not work and to describe the rationale and specific steps that can be taken to enhance the effectiveness of preventive communications. (Pediatr Dent 2006;28:172-176)
K e 3 0 Charge Asymmetry

We have measured the charge asymmetry in ${{K}_{e3}}^{0}$ decay and searched for variations in the asymmetry across the Dalitz plot. Aseribing any variation to a $T$-noninvariant form factor, we find $\mathrm{Im}\ensuremath{\lambda}=0.001\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.025$. The integrated asymmetry is $\frac{({N}^{+}\ensuremath{-}{N}^{\ensuremath{-}})}{({N}^{+}+{N}^{\ensuremath{-}})}=(3.18\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.38)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}}$.
Adolescent social networks matter for suicidal trajectories: disparities across race/ethnicity, sex, sexual identity, and socioeconomic status.

Background Examining social networks, characterized by interpersonal interactions across family, peer, school, and neighborhoods, offer alternative explanations to suicidal behaviors and shape effective suicide prevention. This study examines adolescent social networks predicting suicide ideation and attempt trajectories transitioning to adulthood, while revealing differences across racial/ethnic, sex, sexual identity, and socioeconomic status. Methods Participants included 9421 high school students (Mage = 15.30 years; 54.58% females, baseline) from Waves I-IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, 1994-2008. Latent class growth analyses were conducted to identify suicide ideation and attempt trajectories. Multivariate multinomial logistic regressions examined the relationships between social network characteristics during adolescence and suicidal trajectories. Interaction terms between social networks and sociodemographic characteristics were included to test moderation effects. Results Three suicidal ideation trajectories (low-stable, high-decreasing, moderate-decreasing-increasing) and two suicide attempt trajectories (low-stable, moderate-decreasing) were identified. Greater family cohesion significantly reduced the probability of belonging to high-decreasing (Trajectory 2) and moderate-decreasing-increasing (Trajectory 3) suicidal ideation trajectories, and moderate-decreasing (Trajectory 2) suicide attempt trajectory. Race/ethnicity, sex, and sexual identity significantly moderated the associations between social networks (household size, peer network density, family cohesion, peer support, neighborhood support) and suicidal trajectories. Conclusions Social networks during adolescence influenced the odds of belonging to distinct suicidal trajectories. Family cohesion protected youth from being in high-risk developmental courses of suicidal behaviors. Social networks, especially quality of interactions, may improve detecting adolescents and young adults at-risk for suicide behaviors. Network-based interventions are key to prevent suicidal behaviors over time and suicide intervention programming.
Cochlear Preconditioning as a Modulator of Susceptibility to Hearing Loss.

Significance: Acquired sensorineural hearing loss is a major public health problem worldwide. The leading causes of sensorineural hearing loss are noise, aging, and ototoxic medications, with the k...
Selective enhancement of upconversion luminescence for enhanced ratiometric sensing

Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have attracted widespread interest in bioimaging and sensing due to their photostability, low excitation energy, and good tissue penetration. Plasmonic nanostructures, on the other hand, can enhance the luminescence of UCNPs by concentrating electric fields into a nanoscale volume. While the enhanced luminescence intensity is in principle beneficial to sensing, intensity-based sensing has limitations in absolute measurements. This deficiency can be overcome by employing ratiometric sensing in which intensity ratio, rather than intensity itself, is used to quantitatively determine the presence of analytes. The ratiometric sensing is advantageous because the intensity ratio is much less sensitive to the variations in the environment and the number of probe materials in the sensing volume. Here, we demonstrate a plasmonic nanostructure with upconversion nanoparticles for an enhanced ratiometric sensing platform. The plasmonic nanostructure is composed of UCNPs, an indium tin oxide (ITO) spacer layer and an Au nanodisk. The nanostructure is designed such that the plasmon resonance selectively enhances the red luminescence of NaYGdF4:Yb3+, Er3+ UCNPs while leaving the green luminescence unaffected, thereby increasing the dynamic range and achievable sensitivity of the red-to-green (R/G) intensity ratio. We observed a 4-fold enhancement in the R/G ratio and also a drastic reduction in the signal uncertainty. This work advances our knowledge of the optical interaction between UCNPs and plasmonic nanostructures and also provides a foundation for improved ratiometric sensing in biomedical applications.
Serratus anterior plane versus paravertebral nerve blocks for postoperative analgesia after non-mastectomy breast surgery: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial

Background Paravertebral and serratus plane blocks are both used to treat pain following breast surgery. However, it remains unknown if the newer serratus block provides comparable analgesia to the decades-old paravertebral technique. Methods Subjects undergoing unilateral or bilateral non-mastectomy breast surgery were randomized to a single-injection serratus or paravertebral block in a subject-masked fashion (ropivacaine 0.5%; 20 mL unilateral; 16 mL/side bilateral). We hypothesized that (1) analgesia would be non-inferior in the recovery room with serratus blocks (measurement: Numeric Rating Scale), and (2) opioid consumption would be non-inferior with serratus blocks in the operating and recovery rooms. In order to claim that serratus blocks are non-inferior to paravertebral blocks, both hypotheses must be at least non-inferior. Results Within the recovery room, pain scores for participants with serratus blocks (n=49) had a median (IQR) of 4.0 (0–5.5) vs 0 (0–3.0) for those with paravertebral blocks (n=51): 0.95% CI −3.00 to −0.00; p=0.001. However, the difference in morphine equivalents did not reach statistical significance for superiority with the serratus group consuming 14 mg (10–19) vs 10 mg (10–16) for the paravertebral group: 95% CI −4.50 to 0.00, p=0.123. Since the 95% CI lower limit of −4.5 was less than our prespecified margin of −2.0, we failed to conclude non-inferiority of the serratus block with regard to opioid consumption. Conclusions Serratus blocks provided inferior analgesia compared with paravertebral blocks. Without a dramatic improvement in safety profile for serratus blocks, it appears that paravertebral blocks are superior to serratus blocks for postoperative analgesia after non-mastectomy breast surgery. Trial registration number NCT03860974.
Receding-Horizon Safe Co-Optimization of the Velocity and Power-split of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles with Imperfect Prediction

This paper presents new modifications to the previously developed economic model predictive control (EMPC) strategy [1] that co-optimizes the vehicle and powertrain dynamics of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) in a car-following scenario. These modifications are made to improve the optimality of fuel efficiency and the vehicle safety. Specifically, a time-weighted multi-level co-state update strategy is considered to address the optimality issue arising from a reduced number of single-shooting iterations. In addition, a scalable maximal-control invariant set is considered to modify the control action obtained from the EMPC as needed to resolve potential safety-critical constraint violations due to insufficient single-shooting iterations. To evaluate the performance of the proposed strategy in the presence of uncertainties of information about a target lead vehicle, we integrate the speed prediction algorithm in [2]. Simulation results on a 2-hour trip demonstrate an 8–13% fuel economy benefit with the proposed co-optimization strategy over an optimal charge-depleting, charge-sustaining (CDCS) strategy on a similar trip driven by a human.
BRAF mutations may identify a clinically distinct subset of glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Prior studies examining the mutational landscape of GBM revealed recurrent alterations in genes that regulate the same growth control pathways. To this regard, ~ 40% of GBM harbor EGFR alterations, whereas BRAF variants are rare. Existing data suggests that gain-of-function mutations in these genes are mutually exclusive. This study was designed to explore the clinical, pathological, and molecular differences between EGFR- and BRAF-mutated GBM. We reviewed retrospective clinical data from 89 GBM patients referred for molecular testing between November 2012 and December 2015. Differences in tumor mutational profile, location, histology, and survival outcomes were compared in patients with EGFR- versus BRAF-mutated tumors, and microarray data from The Cancer Genome Atlas was used to assess differential gene expression between the groups. Individuals with BRAF-mutant tumors were typically younger and survived longer relative to those with EGFR-mutant tumors, even in the absence of targeted treatments. BRAF-mutant tumors lacked distinct histomorphology but exhibited unique localization in the brain, typically arising adjacent to the lateral ventricles. Compared to EGFR- and IDH1-mutant tumors, BRAF-mutant tumors showed increased expression of genes related to a trophoblast-like phenotype, specifically HLA-G and pregnancy specific glycoproteins, that have been implicated in invasion and immune evasion. Taken together, these observations suggest a distinct clinical presentation, brain location, and gene expression profile for BRAF-mutant tumors. Pending further study, this may prove useful in the stratification and management of GBM.
Interactive Democracy: The Social Roots of Global Justice

Introduction Part I. A Theoretical Framework: 1. A human rights approach to global justice: elements of theory and practice 2. A social ontology of human rights 3. Interpreting freedom dynamically: beyond liberty and autonomy to positive freedom 4. Is there a human right to democracy? Part II. The Social Roots of Global Justice: 5. Transnational solidarities 6. Does global justice presuppose global solidarity? 7. Recognition and care in global justice 8. Gender equality, culture, and the interpretation of human rights 9. The sociality of free speech: the case of humor across cultures 10. Violence, power-with, and the human right to democracy Part III. Interactive Democracy - Transnational, Regional, Global: 11. Diversity, democracy, and dialogue in a human rights framework 12. What is emancipatory networking? 13. Structuring transnational democracy: participation, self-determination, and new forms of representation 14. Democratic management and international labor rights 15. Regional vs global democracy: possibilities and limitations Works cited Index.
Absent Inferior Vena Cava with Resulting Venous Congestion Causing Intermittent Cauda Equina Dysfunction (P7.022)

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of exercise-induced bilateral lower extremity weakness and numbness in the setting of epidural venous congestion due to an absent inferior vena cava (IVC). BACKGROUND: Thrombotic occlusion or congenital absence of the IVC is a rare cause of cauda equina dysfunction. DESIGN/METHODS: Case Report RESULTS: A 50-year-old woman with no significant past medical history presented to us in 2013 with a three-year history of aching lower back pain with occasional radiation to the right buttock and intermittent weakness in her legs below the knees. These symptoms were worse in the morning after getting out of bed, or when doing exercises such as squats or using an exercise bicycle. She denied any bowel or bladder symptoms. Imaging showed prominent venous structures in the lumbar epidural region and pelvis, and an absent infrarenal inferior vena cava with well-established venous collaterals. CONCLUSIONS: This patient has had intermittent exertion-related leg weakness and numbness in the setting of a likely congenitally-absent IVC with resultant lumbar epidural venous plexus congestion. Cauda equina dysfunction due to IVC occlusion or, in at least one previous case, IVC absence, has been rarely reported. It is unclear if exertion-related symptoms in this syndrome are due to intermittent compression of the cauda equina from the engorged venous plexus versus ischemia from venous congestion or a combination of these mechanisms. Optimal treatment of this syndrome remains unclear. Disclosure: Dr. Grouse has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lewis has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Neurology and Continuum: Lifelong Learning in Neurology. Dr. Lewis has received royalty payments from Wolters Kluwer and Wiley.
A PEDIATRICIAN'S GUIDE TO THE RECOGNITION AND INITIAL MANAGEMENT OF EARLY INFANTILE AUTISM

Research within the past decade has resulted in a considerable body of new information regarding early infantile autism. While organic factors are believed to play a primary role in the genesis of the syndrome, there is a degree of cautious optimism that autistic children may benefit from early intervention aimed at maximizing their social and cognitive skills. The clinical characteristics of infantile autism are presented, together with information regarding its prevalence and differential diagnosis. The pathophysiology of the syndrome is discussed, and current views regarding proper management are outlined. A multidisciplinary team approach is recommended in evaluating and managing the autistic child, with child psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, teachers, and other specialized disciplines involved. Parents of autistic children may feel guilty and responsible for their child9s condition, and their confidence as caretakers may have been seriously undermined. Once their confidence is restored, however, parents may become quite adept in helping their child to learn and to function socially. The need for special public school programs for autistic children is stressed.
Comparison of Modelled and Measured Tracer Gas Concentrations during the across North America Tracer Experiment (ANATEX)

Comparisons of the calculations of long-range transport and diffusion models with measurements on commensurate scales for extensive time periods are essential to establish levels of model uncertainty, to relate model sensitivity to model performance, and to determine the various types of meteorological scenarios for which models perform best and worst. Several recent model evaluation and sensitivity studies have used the tracer concentration data of the 1983 Cross-Appalachian Tracer Experiment (CAPTEX) (Ferber, et al., 1986) to assess the performance and sensitivity of these models (Draxler, 1987; Lee, 1987; Haagenson et al., 1987; Kao and Yamada, 1988; Draxler and Stunder, 1988; and Kahl and Samson, 1988).
Teaching pelvic examination to second-year medical students using programmed patients.

Abstract A great deal of interest has been expressed in the use of the “programmed” patient during the past several years. This pilot study used programmed patients to teach medical students the techniques of pelvic examination. From the study, it was concluded that the experience with the programmed patient adds significantly to an undergraduate learning program, that this technique is well accepted by students and faculty, and that it adds realism to the study of obstetrics and gynecology early in a medical school curriculum.