cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mitochondria as signaling organelles

Almost 20 years ago, the discovery that mitochondrial release of cytochrome c initiates a cascade that leads to cell death brought about a wholesale change in how cell biologists think of mitochondria. Formerly viewed as sites of biosynthesis and bioenergy production, these double membrane organelles could now be thought of as regulators of signal transduction. Within a few years, multiple other mitochondria-centric signaling mechanisms have been proposed, including release of reactive oxygen species and the scaffolding of signaling complexes on the outer mitochondrial membrane. It has also been shown that mitochondrial dysfunction causes induction of stress responses, bolstering the idea that mitochondria communicate their fitness to the rest of the cell. In the past decade, multiple new modes of mitochondrial signaling have been discovered. These include the release of metabolites, mitochondrial motility and dynamics, and interaction with other organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum in regulating signaling. Collectively these studies have established that mitochondria-dependent signaling has diverse physiological and pathophysiological outcomes. This review is a brief account of recent work in mitochondria-dependent signaling in the historical framework of the early studies.
IS THE ST. LOUIS REDEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FISCALLY BENEFICIAL? REPLY TO MARGARET COLLINS

I very much appreciate this opportunity to respond to Ms. Collins' re-marks. I will begin by responding to Ms. Collins' opening comment that I make “two very basic errors of fact.” Then I will discuss more substantive issues of methodology.
Incapacitated, forcible, and drug/alcohol‐facilitated rape in relation to binge drinking, marijuana use, and illicit drug use: A national survey

This study examined the relation between rape and substance use problems as a function of three legally recognized forms of rape: forcible, incapacitated, and drug/alcohol facilitated rape. Data were collected via structured telephone interview within a national household sample of U.S. women aged 18-34 years (n = 1,998). Lifetime experience of incapacitated rape was associated with increased odds of past-year binge drinking, marijuana use, and illicit drug use. Lifetime history of forcible rape and drug/alcohol facilitated rape were associated with increased odds of marijuana and illicit drug use. Findings highlight the importance of including incapacitated and drug/alcohol facilitated rape in trauma history assessments, particularly among substance abusing populations, and have implications for secondary prevention and treatment of women with victimization histories. Language: en
The Application of Differential Hall Effect Continuous Anodic Oxidation Technique for Ultra Shallow Structures

The differential Hall effect CAOT permits rapid, accurate measurements of mobility, resistivity, and carrier concentration. This permits us to extract defect scattering contributions to the mobility for comparison of doping and annealing techniques. The co-implantation of C with P was evaluated and showed that besides restricting the diffusion of P, the carrier concentration was significantly reduced. The application of DHE CAOT to the evaluation of doped polysilicon films permitted the evaluation of carrier concentration and mobility profiles. The latter has been correlated to grain size.
Functional Monolithic Polymeric Organic Framework Aerogel as Reducing and Hosting Media for Ag nanoparticles and Application in Capturing of Iodine Vapors

Monolithic aerogels of polymeric organic framework (Mon-POF) with a high density of OH functional groups were synthesized through solvothermal polymerization of terephthalaldehyde and 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene. This POF material presents high surface area of 1230 m2 g–1 having micro-, meso-, macropores, and low bulk density of 0.15 g cm–3. The evolution of the porous properties is controlled with the polymerization rate. Mon-POF is stable under acidic and basic conditions. The presence of high number of OH functional groups provides the monolith with ion-exchange properties as well as reducing properties. The Mon-POF adsorbs Ag+ from aqueous solution to deposit Ag nanoparticles into the pores at a high loading content ∼25 wt % of the composite material. The Ag loaded monolith captures significant amount of I2 vapor and fixes it effectively in the form of β-AgI.
Reliability of Service-Based and Agent-Based Systems.

A description of the current problems of service-oriented architectures and service-oriented computing and how the solutions will come from using agent technology. That is, services will have to become more agent-like in order to succeed fully in the marketplace.
Growth in Health Care Data Causing an Evolution in the Pharmaceutical Industry

A health care ecosystem is evolving in which all stakeholders will need to work together, apply new technologies, and use disparate data sources to gain insights, increase efficiencies, and improve patient outcomes. The pharmaceutical industry is leveraging its experience and analytics capabilities to play an important role in this evolution.
The Maternal Perspective on Prenatal Ultrasound

Background Most women in the United States will have a routine sonogram during pregnancy. The medical necessity of this is debatable. The goal of our study was to examine maternal beliefs about prenatal sonography. Methods We surveyed 150 prenatal patients at their point of entry to maternity care at a large military medical center. The main outcome measures were the patient's desire for a prenatal sonogram, the reasons for wanting a sonogram, the number of sonograms wanted, and the patient's willingness to pay for the examination. Results Of the 150 eligible subjects, 137 (91%) participated and 135 (98%) wanted a prenatal sonogram. Fifty-one (37%) of the respondents were willing to pay for the sonogram if it was not ordered by their provider. The reasons for wanting a sonogram (to determine the sex of the fetus, to ensure that the fetus was healthy, general maternal reassurance, and to ensure adequate fetal growth) were similar across age, race, and income (military rank). Conclusions Our study indicates that most women want a sonogram during pregnancy, and many are willing to pay for the examination. Women appear to want sonograms for reasons that may not assist their provider with immediate clinical decision making. This is a potentially important disagreement between cost-saving and patient satisfaction that maternity care providers must consider when deciding whether to perform prenatal sonography for women with low-risk pregnancies.
Preformed Silastic Silos in the Management of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is sometimes complicated by abdominal compartment syndrome, a clinical syndrome characterized by multiple organ dysfunction that arises as a consequence of increased intra-abdominal pressure. The evolving clinical picture of NEC sometimes requires "second-look" operations done after initial abdominal exploration to more accurately gauge the optimal extent of surgery. Placing intestines in a preformed, spring-loaded, transparent Silastic silo, traditionally used in the staged treatment of gastroschisis, addresses both situations: decompression of the abdomen and allowing periodic inspection of the intestines. Standard silos were used in three infants with advanced (Bell Class 3) NEC without perforation before definitive surgery. Clinical indices and laboratory values were recorded during the patients' hospital courses. All three infants had extensive areas of intestinal ischemia and necrosis. FiO2, acidosis, and urinary output remained stable or improved in two patients. Silo placement corrected abdominal compartment syndrome in the third patient. Intestinal resection was required in all infants, each achieving surgical resolution of NEC. Two patients ultimately died from respiratory and neurologic complications. Application of a silo addresses abdominal compartment syndrome as a complication of NEC and allows continual inspection of the intestines. Physiological indices may improve the patient's overall clinical status.
The History of Philosophy and the Phenomenology of Spirit

In this paper I shall be concerned with two problems in Hegel which are usually considered separately : the significance of the history of philosophy for the Phenomenology of Spirit and the question of the proper beginning of Hegel’s system. The first problem has traditionally been approached by either interpreting the Phenomenology in terms of the history of philosophy, or indicating passages or sections in which an argument of some one of Hegel’s predecessors is to be found. For the most part it has been a question of articulating how the history of philosophy, as an external form of the development of philosophy, is reflected in and reflects the Phenomenology of Spirit, the internally coherent organization of the same development. I shall be concerned with these aspects of the problem only in so far as they might contribute to an understanding of the beginning of Hegel’s system.
Regularization of Ill-Posed Surveillance and Diagnostic Measurements

Most data-based predictive modeling techniques have an inherent weakness in that they may give unstable or inconsistent results when the predictor data is highly correlated. Predictive modeling problems of this design are usually under constrained and are termed ill-posed. This paper presents several examples of ill-posed diagnostic problems and regularization methods necessary for getting accurate and consistent prediction results. The examples include plant-wide sensor calibration monitoring and the inferential sensing of nuclear power plant feedwater flow using neural networks, and non-linear partial least squares techniques, and linear regularization techniques implementing ridge regression and informational complexity measures.
System evaluation for in vivo imaging of amyloid beta plaques in a mouse brain using statistical tecision theory

We have developed a method that can be used to assess high resolution imaging systems for relevant molecular imaging applications that require a good combination of spatial resolution and sensitivity. The in-vivo imaging of Amyloid Beta plaques, which are characteristic in the neuropathology of Alzheimer disease, in the brain of a mouse has proven to be a major challenge in current research due to their heterogeneous structure of micro-scale range (les 100 mum). Detecting these plaques or changes in their size and distribution by an ideal observer of the data from an imaging system can be employed as a figure of merit to optimize the hardware configuration of that imaging system for this important application. This method can be implemented on the raw data and does not require image reconstruction studies. We have derived a test statistic for the binary detection task that employs a stochastic object model to describe these plaques. The parameters of the object model were obtained from in-vitro plaque images.
Politics in perspectives: On the theoretical challenges and opportunities in studying organizational politics

Organizational politics is a concept that both bene¢ts and su¦ers by its ubiquity. It is commonplace for individuals to recognize terms such as playing the game, working the system, and more recently closing deals o-line. Likewise, it is also a central concept in theories of organizations and organizational behavior, both at very micro-and very macro-levels. Organizational politics has been implicated in classical work out of the Carnegie School (Cyert & March, 1963; March & Simon, 1958), strategic decision making (Dean & Sharfman, 1996; Eisenhardt & Bourgeois, 1988; Eisenhardt & Zbaracki, 1992), resource dependence (Pfe¦er & Salancik, 1978), and institutional theory (Selznick, 1957, 1966) and has been the direct object of interest in recent research on political perceptions and skills (e.g., Ferris & Kacmar, 1992; Ferris, Russ, & Fandt, 1989; Ferris, Treadway, Perrewe, Brouer, Douglas, & Lux, 2007; Gandz & Murray, 1980). Recent research shows that perceptions of organizational politics are critical for organizational outcomes, such as turnover intentions, job satisfaction,a¦ective commitment, task performance, and organizational citizenship behaviors (see Chang, Rosen, & Levy, 2009 for recent meta-analysis).
Fighting phishing at the user interface

The problem that this thesis concentrates on is phishing attacks. Phishing attacks use email messages and web sites designed to look as if they come from a known and legitimate organization, in order to deceive users into submitting their personal, financial, or computer account information online at those fake web sites. Phishing is a semantic attack. The fundamental problem of phishing is that when a user submits sensitive information online under an attack, his mental model about this submission is different from the system model that actually performs this submission. Specifically, the system sends the data to a different web site from the one where the user intends to submit the data. The fundamental solution to phishing is to bridge the semantic gap between the user's mental model and the system model. The user interface is where human users interact with the computer system. It is where a user's intention transforms into a system operation. It is where the semantic gap happens under phishing attacks. And therefore, it is where the phishing should be solved. There are two major approaches to bridge the semantic gap at the user interface. One approach is to reflect the system model to the user. Anti-phishing toolbars and the browser's security indicators take this approach. User studies in this thesis show that this approach is not effective at preventing phishing. Users are required to constantly pay attention to the toolbar and are expected to have the expertise to always correctly interpret the toolbar message. Normal users meet neither of these requirements. The other approach is to let users tell the system their intentions when they are submitting data online. The system can then check if the actual submission meets the user's intention or not. If there is a semantic gap, the system can effectively warn the user about this discrepancy and provide a safe path to the user's intended site. Web Wallet, designed and implemented as a new anti-phishing solution, takes this approach. It is a dedicated browser sidebar for users to submit their sensitive information online. User studies in this thesis shows that Web Wallet is not only an effective and promising anti-phishing solution but also a usable personal information manager.
Talk to the Hand: U.S. Army Biophysical Testing.

ABSTRACT Background: Many people are unaware of the science underlying the biophysical properties of Soldier clothing and personal protective equipment, yet there is a well-refined biomedical methodology initiated by Army physiologists in World War II. This involves a methodical progression of systematic material testing technologies, computer modeling, and human testing that enables more efficient development and rapid evaluation of new concepts for Soldier health and performance. Sophisticated manikins that sweat and move are a central part of this testing continuum. This report briefly summarizes the evolution and use of one specialized form of the manikin technologies, the thermal hand model, and its use in research on Soldier hand-wear items that sustain dexterity and protect the hand in extreme environments. Methods: Thermal manikin testing methodologies were developed to provide an efficient and consistent analytical tool for the rapid evaluation of new clothing concepts. These methods have been up...
Thermal leakage characteristics of Pt∕SrTiO3∕Pt structures

Thermal leakage characteristics of Pt/SrTiO 3 /Pt structures Junwoo Son and Susanne Stemmer a) Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5050, U.S.A. a) Corresponding author; electronic mail: stemmer@mrl.ucsb.edu MATERIAL NAMES: strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ), platinium (Pt), barium strontium titanate (Ba,SrTiO 3 )
The Effect of Testosterone on Cardiovascular Biomarkers in the Testosterone Trials

Author(s): Mohler, Emile R; Ellenberg, Susan S; Lewis, Cora E; Wenger, Nanette K; Budoff, Matthew J; Lewis, Michael R; Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth; Swerdloff, Ronald S; Stephens-Shields, Alisa; Bhasin, Shalender; Cauley, Jane A; Crandall, Jill P; Cunningham, Glenn R; Ensrud, Kristine E; Gill, Thomas M; Matsumoto, Alvin M; Molitch, Mark E; Pahor, Marco; Preston, Peter E; Hou, Xiaoling; Cifelli, Denise; Snyder, Peter J | Abstract: Context:Studies of the possible cardiovascular risk of testosterone treatment are inconclusive. Objective:To determine the effect of testosterone treatment on cardiovascular biomarkers in older men with low testosterone. Design:Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting:Twelve academic medical centers in the United States. Participants:In all, 788 men ≥65 years old with an average of two serum testosterone levels l275 ng/dL who were enrolled in The Testosterone Trials. Intervention:Testosterone gel, the dose adjusted to maintain the testosterone level in the normal range for young men, or placebo gel for 12 months. Main Outcome Measures:Serum markers of cardiovascular risk, including lipids and markers of glucose metabolism, fibrinolysis, inflammation, and myocardial damage. Results:Compared with placebo, testosterone treatment significantly decreased total cholesterol (adjusted mean difference, -6.1 mg/dL; P l 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (adjusted mean difference, -2.0 mg/dL; P l 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (adjusted mean difference, -2.3 mg/dL; P = 0.051) from baseline to month 12. Testosterone also slightly but significantly decreased fasting insulin (adjusted mean difference, -1.7 µIU/mL; P = 0.02) and homeostatic model assessment‒insulin resistance (adjusted mean difference, -0.6; P = 0.03). Testosterone did not change triglycerides, d-dimer, C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, troponin, glucose, or hemoglobin A1c levels more than placebo. Conclusions and Relevance:Testosterone treatment of 1 year in older men with low testosterone was associated with small reductions in cholesterol and insulin but not with other glucose markers, markers of inflammation or fibrinolysis, or troponin. The clinical importance of these findings is unclear and requires a larger trial of clinical outcomes.
Region-specific innate antiviral responses of the human epididymis.

Abstract Viral infections of the epididymis are associated with epididymitis, which damages the epithelium and impairs fertility. We showed previously that innate immune response genes were differentially expressed in the corpus and cauda region of the human epididymis in comparison to the caput. Here we investigate the antiviral defense response mechanisms of human epididymis epithelial (HEE) cells. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are enriched in HEE cells from the corpus and cauda region. These HEE cells show an enhanced response to antiviral ligands (poly(I:C) and HSV-60), as shown by increased IFN-β mRNA expression and IFN-β secretion. Nuclear translocation of phosphorylated p65 occurs after poly(I:C) exposure. In addition, paired box 2 (PAX2), which was implicated in regulating antiviral response pathways, is required for basal expression of the DNA sensor, Z-DNA binding protein (ZBP1) and type I interferon, in caput but not in cauda cells.
Level of consciousness at discharge and associations with outcome after ischemic stroke.

Abstract Background Many factors may potentially complicate the stroke recovery process, including persistently impaired level of consciousness (LOC)—whether from residual stroke effects or from superimposed delirium. We aimed to determine the degree to which impaired LOC at hospital discharge is associated with outcomes after ischemic stroke. Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study using prospectively-collected data from 2015 to 2017, collecting total NIHSS-LOC score at discharge as well as subscores for responsiveness (LOC-R), orientation questions (LOC-Q), and command-following (LOC-C). We determined associations between LOC scores and 3-month outcome using logistic regression, with discharge location (skilled nursing facility [SNF] vs. inpatient rehabilitation) representing a pre-specified secondary outcome. Results We identified 1003 consecutive patients with ischemic stroke who survived to discharge, of whom 32% had any LOC score > 0. Total LOC score at discharge was associated with unfavorable 3-month outcome (OR 4.9 [95% CI 2.4–9.8] for LOC = 1; OR 8.0 [2.7–23.9] for LOC = 2–3; OR 6.3 [2.1–18.5] for LOC = 4–5; all patients with LOC = 6–7 had poor outcomes), as were subscores for LOC-R (OR 5.3 [1.3–21.2] for LOC-R = 1; all patients with LOC-R = 2–3 had poor outcomes) and LOC-Q (OR 4.1 [2.1–8.3] for LOC-Q = 1; OR 4.9 [1.8–13.5] for LOC-Q = 2). Total LOC score (OR 2.6 [1.3–5.3] for LOC = 1; OR 3.1 [1.2–8.2] for LOC = 2–3) and LOC-Q (OR 3.3 [1.6–6.6] for LOC-Q = 1; OR 3.4 [1.3–9.0] for LOC-Q = 2) were also associated with discharge to SNF rather than to inpatient rehabilitation. Conclusions The presence of impaired consciousness or disorientation at discharge is associated with markedly worse outcomes after ischemic stroke. Further studies are necessary to determine the separate effects of residual stroke-related LOC changes and those caused by superimposed delirium.
Major pathologic response and RAD51 predict survival in lung cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

In a previous study, we determined that major pathologic response (MPR) as indicated by the percentage of residual viable tumor cells predicted overall survival (OS) in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In this study, we assessed whether two genes and five protein biomarkers could predict MPR and OS in 98 patients with NSCLC receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We collected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of resected NSCLC tumors from 98 patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We identified mutations in KRAS and EGFR genes using pyrosequencing and examined the expression of protein markers VEGFR2, EZH2, ERCC1, RAD51, and PKR using immunohistochemistry. We assessed whether gene mutation status or protein expression was associated with MPR or OS. We observed that KRAS mutation tended to be associated with OS (P = .06), but EGFR mutation was not associated with OS. We found that patients with high RAD51 expression levels had a poorer prognosis than did those with low RAD51 expression. We also observed that RAD51 expression was associated with MPR. MPR and RAD51 expression were associated with OS in univariate and multivariate analyses (P = .04 and P = .02, respectively). Combination of MPR with RAD51 is a significant predictor of prognosis in patients with NSCLC who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We demonstrated that MPR or RAD51 expression was associated with OS in patients with NSCLC receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Prediction of a patient's prognosis could be improved by combined assessment of MPR and RAD51 expression.
Through-Process Modelling for Accurate Prediction of Long Term Anisotropic Mechanics in Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastics.

Fibre reinforced thermoplastic (FRTP) materials offer great potential for, among others, weight and cost reduction in a wide range of applications. In this paper, consequences of fiber orientation-induced anisotropy (due to injection molding process) in the development of FRTP parts as well as predictive engineering techniques for part performance evaluation are discussed. A coupled simulation methodology will be used to predict the processing-microstructure-properties relation in FRTP parts, thereby enabling the ability to include fiber orientation-induced anisotropy. In parallel, long term fatigue data was collected on increasingly complex geometries for the purpose of model validation.
Neurological Complications of Monoclonal Antibodies (P1.147)

Objective: Literature review of neurological complications of monoclonal antibodies (MABs). Background: MABs are increasingly used; their adverse effects are less known. Immune check points are proteins made by some T cells or cancer cells that help keep immune responses from attacking other cells in the body. Immune check point inhibitors, such as MABs, may block these proteins to allow attack on cancer cells. While TNF-α plays a role in inflammatory conditions, its inhibition may trigger central (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) demyelination and myositis. Frequent off-label use of MABs poses concern for toxicities and sub-optimal response. Design/Methods: PUBMED search using key words of individual names of FDA-approved MABs (including those later withdrawn) AND each neurological complication. Articles indicating agents associated with the side effect were included. MAB package inserts were also reviewed. Results: We organized the complications according to localization along the neuroaxis. Of 64 MABs identified, 54 reported neurological adverse effects. TNF-α inhibitors (TNFAIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors are the major MABs with wide spectrum neurological complications. Adalimumab, a TNFAI, has 32 reports; 50% involved the CNS [5 CNS infection, 4 optic neuropathy, 2 each of multiple sclerosis and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), and 1 case each of CNS lupus, parkinsonism and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES)]. Of the remaining 50%, 14 involved the PNS (7 Guillain-Barre syndrome, 4 peripheral neuropathy, and 3 myositis) and 2 cases of giant cell arteritis. Nineteen MABs are associated with PML; most often with natalizumab and rituximab. PRES is associated with 13 MABs, with 25 cases for bevacizumab. Immune check point inhibitors are the only MABs associated with myasthenia gravis (15 cases). Conclusions: As the number of MABs grows, neurologists need to be familiar with and have an index of suspicion for their potential neurological complications. Disclosure: Dr. Paul has nothing to disclose. Dr. Koffman has nothing to disclose.
Late repair of tetralogy of Fallot is associated with increased aortic stiffness: a retrospective CMR cohort study.

Background Several studies report abnormal aortic properties in congenital heart disease patients, possibly worsening risk for aneurysm formation. We sought to describe patient characteristics and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) parameters associated with worsened aortic strain and stiffness in a single center retrospective chart review of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients undergoing CMR.
Ziv-Lempel Compressors with Deferred-Innovation

The noiseless data-compression algorithms introduced by Ziv and Lempel [ZL77, ZL78] parse an input data string into successive substrings, each consisting of two parts: The citation, namely the longest prefix that has appeared earlier in the input, and the innovation, the symbol immediately following the citation. Thus the citation has appeared earlier, but was not then followed by the innovation symbol. In “extremal” versions of the LZ algorithm the citation may have begun anywhere in the input; in “incremental” versions it must have begun a previously parsed substring. Originally the citation and the innovation were encoded, individually or jointly, into an output word to be transmitted or stored. Subsequently, several authors [MW85, ZL78, SS82, W84] speculated that the cost of this encoding might be excessive because the coded innovation contributes roughly lg(α) bits, where α is the size of the input alphabet, regardless of the compressibility of the source. To remedy the possible excess, these authors suggested storing the parsed substring as usual, but encoding for output only the citation, deferring the encoding of the innovation as the first symbol of the next parsed substring. Thus the innovation might participate in whatever compression that substring enjoyed. We call this strategy deferred innovation. It is exemplified in the algorithm described by Welch [W84] and implemented in UNIX compress and its progeny.
Examining the influence of sport program staff and parent/caregiver support on youth outcomes

Youth participation in sport is associated with positive developmental outcomes. The development of life skills is especially important for urban youth of color who are often underserved and face p...
In vitro culture of Liriodendron tulipifera

Liriodendron tulipifera L. (yellow-poplar, tulip-poplar, tuliptree), a native of eastern North American, is one of two extant species of Liriodendron (Magnoliaceae). The other, L. chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg. (Chinese tuliptree), is native to central mainland China. The natural range of yellow-poplar is throughout the eastern United States and into southern Ontario, Canada. Although it grows on a wide variety of sites, it is most abundant and reaches its largest size in the lower Ohio river valley and in the mountains of North Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky and West Virginia [12]. Yellow-poplar is an early stage successional species on most sites, but its rapid growth rate and the large size of mature trees (up to 60 m), make it a dominant canopy tree. Yellow-poplar possesses many desirable traits which make it one of the most important hardwood species in the United States. Besides rapid growth, it is also known for its straight form, self-pruning ability and wood of exceptional working quality [49]. Large amounts of the wood are used for furniture (mostly hidden parts), plywood, corestock, millwork, siding and other light construction lumber. It is also used for pulping and for products such as chipboard and flakeboard [36]. Bees are a primary pollinator of yellow-poplar, producing a popular honey. Finally, with its symmetrical leaves and yellow, green and orange flowers, yellow-poplar is widely planted both in the United States and abroad as an ornamental species. A number of horticultural cultivars have been described for the species [39].
A Tango Performance: Inverts and Flowers in the Garçonnière in Buenos Aires

Navarro-Ayala explores how Jose Gonzalez Castillo’s Los Invertidos (1914) treats queer bodies as boundary figures who experience inclusion and exclusion simultaneously. Navarro-Ayala argues that Frenchness is essential to understand the role of the garconniere in Argentinean society in the early twentieth century, as this site becomes the space where homosexual behavior is openly allowed. Navarro-Ayala also builds on Lotman’s paradoxical double-functionality to show not only how the Argentinean author appears doubly anxious about the question of membership, but how the nation is defined in terms of its outside. He analyzes the trope about the exclusion of the Other to explain how effeminate male figures or inverts are expelled from the nationalist agenda in the play Los Invertidos.
Does participatory budgeting improve decentralized public service delivery? Experimental evidence from rural Russia

We present findings of the first experimental evaluation of the participatory budgeting (PB) model carried out in rural Russia within the context of a major decentralization reform. The reform aimed (among other things) to increase citizens’ participation in budgetary decision making and to strengthen public oversight over budget implementation in rural settlements. The experiment provided randomly allocated training and technical assistance to the settlement population and local authorities helping to introduce PB practices into the budgetary cycle. We document that training alone was not successful to ensure an effective implementation of PB. By contrast, training coupled with on-the-ground technical assistance generated full implementation of the PB cycle. Overall, we find that the implementation of PB increased citizen’s engagement in public decision making and raised local tax revenue collection. However, we find larger effects when the PB model was implemented in settlements with more years of prior experience with political and administrative decentralization. Among these settlements, we find that PB not only increased citizen’s participation and tax revenue collection, but also that preferences for public services between authorities and citizens were better aligned, local administrations allocated larger fractions of public budgets to services identified as top priorities by citizens, and citizens were more satisfied with public services. Our findings highlight: (1) the importance of context specific on-the-ground technical assistance to ensure effective implementation of participatory models; and (2) the relevance of taking the historical and institutional context into account when planning and sequencing meaningful participatory decentralization reforms.
Nanoscale Friction: Phonon Contributions for Single and Multiple Contacts

A generic model has been developed to simulate the effect of phonon interactions during nanoscale sliding with an incommensurate interface. A rigid slider or array of sliders is translated across a 3D elastic slab whose mass elements are harmonically coupled, either in a simple cubic structure (for vast majority of cases) or in a face-centered cubic structure Each slider interacts with the slab via the Lennard-Jones 6-12 intermolecular potential. Elastic waves are allowed to propagate without any damping and no energy is removed from the system. Boundary conditions are set sufficiently remotely that no significant wave energy returns to the interface from boundary reflection. Simulation results demonstrate that for such nanoscale contacts, (1) the presence of one slider can affect the friction felt by another slider through phonon generation; (2) friction force scales with contact width rather than with contact area and (3) the friction force may be sensitive to the number of contact regions that comprise a given total area.
Application of GA3 (Gibberellic Acid) and Kinetin Plant Growth Agents in Relieving the Effects of Salt (NaCl) Stress on Germination and Seedling Growth of Common Vetch (Vicia sativa L.) Seeds

Bu calismada, tuz (NaCl) stresinin Adi fig (Vicia sativa L.) tohumlarinin cimlenme ve fide buyumesi uzerindeki engelleyici etkisinin hafifletilmesinde GA3 ve Kinetin bitki buyume maddelerinin farkli dozlarinin etkileri arastirilmistir. Calisma tesaduf bloklari deneme desenine gore petri ve saksida olmak uzere iki paralel olarak yurutulmustur. Denemede degisik dozlarda NaCl (0,5, 1,0, 1,5 ve 2,0 dS/m dozlarinda hazirlanan NaCl cozeltisi) uygulanan adi fig (Vicia sativa L.) tohumlarina farkli dozlarda Kinetin ve Gibberelik asit dozlari (Kontrol-saf su, 300 ppm Gibberellik asit, 50 ppm Kinetin,300ppm Gibberellik asit × 50 ppm Kinetin) uygulanarak tohumlar petri ve saksida cimlendirilmistir. Saksi ve petride cimlendirilen adi fig tohumlarinda cimlenme yuzdesi, ortalama cimlenme suresi, cimlenme degeri, kok ve sap uzunlugu, kok yas ve kuru agirligi, sap yas ve kuru agirligi uzerine GA3 ve Kinetin uygulamalarinin etkileri gozlemlenmistir. Arastirma sonunda GA3 ve Kinetin uygulamalari adi figde cimlenme yuzdesine herhangi bir etkide bulunmamis, cimlenme suresini kisaltmis, cimlenme degerini artirmis, GA3 uygulamasi kok ve sap uzamasini artirmis Kinetin uygulamasinin olumlu bir etkisi olmamis, en fazla kok yas ve kuru agirligi GA3 ve kontrol unitelerinden elde edilmistir. Adi fig tohumlari uzerinde yapilan calismada incelenen ozellikler uzerinde genel olarak GA3 ve Kinetin uygulamalarinin etkileri cok farkli olmustur. GA3 uygulamalarinin kok ve sap uzunlugunu artirdigi, kinetin uygulamasinin ise olumsuz yonde etkiledigi belirlenmistir.
Cigarette smoke-induced alterations in blood: A review of research on DNA methylation and gene expression.

Worldwide, smoking remains a threat to public health, causing preventable diseases and premature mortality. Cigarette smoke is a powerful inducer of DNA methylation and gene expression alterations, which have been associated with negative health consequences. Here, we review the current knowledge on smoking-related changes in DNA methylation and gene expression in human blood samples. We identified 30 studies focused on the association between active smoking, DNA methylation modifications, and gene expression alterations. Overall, we identified 1,758 genes with differentially methylated sites (DMS) and differentially expressed genes (DEG) between smokers and nonsmokers, of which 261 were detected in multiple studies (≥4). The most frequently (≥10 studies) reported genes were AHRR, GPR15, GFI1, and RARA. Functional enrichment analysis of the 261 genes identified the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor and T cell pathways (T helpers 1 and 2) as influenced by smoking status. These results highlight specific genes for future mechanistic and translational research that may be associated with cigarette smoke exposure and smoking-related diseases. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
The floating plate–load system: a new stability problem

The interesting problem of a flat elastic plate and a weight which would sink individually but may float as a system is presented. Using beam and plate theories, the two-dimensional strip and the circular disc are solved exactly for the minimum width for which the system would float. Three types of loading are considered: a centered point load, two symmetric point loads or a ring load, and a continuous uniform load. These problems represent a new class of stability problems which illustrate the interaction of load, elasticity, and hydrostatics.
Two Truths and a Lie: In re John Z. and Other Stories at the Juncture of Teen Sex and the Law

Laws governing adolescent sexuality are incoherent and chaotically enforced, and legal scholarship on the subject neither addresses nor remedies adolescents’ vulnerability in sexual encounters. To posit a meaningful relationship between the criminal law and adolescent sexual encounters, one must examine what we know about adolescent sexuality from both the academic literature and the adults who control the criminal justice response to such interactions. This article presents an in-depth study of In re John Z., a 2003 rape prosecution involving two seventeen-year-olds. Using this case, I explore the implications of the prosecution by interviewing a variety of experts and analyzing the contemporary literature on sexual norms among youth. I also relate a series of interviews conducted with the major players in the prosecution. Examining this case from a variety of perspectives permits a deeper understanding of how the law regulates adolescent sexual encounters and why it fails.
Lung Herniation and Torsion Contributing to Persistent RV Dysfunction after Heart-Lung Transplant

Purpose Lung herniation and torsion are rare and life-threatening complications post-lung transplant, resulting in vascular compromise, airway obstruction and eventual necrosis. Timely diagnosis is imperative as delays can potentiate ischemia of the lung tissue, increasing morbidity and mortality. Few case reports of lung herniation post-dual heart-lung transplant (HLTx) have been published. We present a unique case of a HLTx complicated by retrocardiac lung herniation and torsion. Methods 50 y.o. M with bronchiectasis, cor pulmonale, and severe pulmonary HTN underwent HLTx. He was extubated to nasal canula within 24 hours, however remained vasoplegic requiring inotropic and pressor support, with TTE showing RV dysfunction. On POD 5, pressors were weaned off, however, inotropic support was still required despite normal oxygenation and chest radiograph without acute infiltrates. Further evaluation with bronchoscopy showed extrinsic, pulsating compression of right lower lobe (RLL) “fish-mouth” inlet with inability to pass bronchoscope (Figure 1A). Emergent CT chest revealing RLL torsion and retrocardiac herniation into contralateral hemithorax (Figure 1B). Results Patient taken to OR for de-torsion and herniation reduction, with intraoperative bronchoscopy confirming correct anatomical position (Figure 1C). Conclusion Acute RV failure accounts for 50% of post-operative complications and 20% of early mortality post-HLTx. Although airway complications are generally confined to the anastomosis, the heart may be compressed by adjacent structures, including a malpositioned lung lobe, and may present as cardiac dysfunction. Early recognition of unique complications, as seen in this case, is critical as vascular and airway compromise may result in irreversible lung damage. De-torsion and reduction of the herniation may allow for full recovery; however, if it fails or is unable to be performed, patients may require a lobectomy to protect the remaining viable lung tissue.
Abstract 043: Dendritic Cells Mediate Renal T Cell Activation in Hypertension

Activated T lymphocytes exacerbate hypertension in part by infiltrating the kidney to promote sodium retention. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen presenting cells that activate T ce...
Local resection versus radical surgery for parathyroid carcinoma: A National Cancer Database analysis.

Abstract Introduction Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is rare and often diagnosed incidentally after local resection (LR) for other indications. Although recommended treatment has traditionally been radical surgery (RS), more recent guidelines suggest that LR alone may be adequate. We sought to further investigate outcomes of RS versus LR for localized PC. Materials and methods PC patients from 2004 to 2015 with localized disease were identified from the National Cancer Database, then stratified by surgical therapy: LR or RS. Demographic and clinicopathologic data were compared. Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to estimate associations of variables with overall survival (OS). OS was estimated from time of diagnosis using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results A total of 555 patients were included (LR = 522, RS = 33). The groups were comparable aside from LR patients having higher rates of unknown nodal status (66.9% versus 39.4%; p = 0.003). By multivariable analysis, RS did not have a significant association with OS (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.43, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.10, 1.83; p = 0.255), nor did positive nodal status (HR = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.09, 5.03; p = 0.692) and unknown nodal status (HR = 1.30, 95%CI = 0.78, 2.17; p = 0.311). There was no difference in OS between the LR and RS groups, with median survival not reached by either group at 10 years (median follow-up = 60.4 months; p = 0.20). Conclusions There was no difference in OS between LR and RS for localized PC. RS and nodal status may not impact survival as previously identified, and LR should remain a valid initial surgical approach. Future higher-powered studies are necessary to assess the effects of surgical approaches on morbidity and oncologic outcomes.
A Technique to Detect Oil Pipeline Leak Using a 3-D Bistatic Imaging Radar

Detecting and localizing pipeline leaks is a problem of importance as regards to environmental issues as well as loss of resources in water and oil transport systems. Since pipelines are extended targets and the oil or water leak is more localized, the methods for detection and localization of the pipeline itself and the leak are quite different. Another issue pertains to the fact that the scattered signal from the pipeline tends to be larger and can obscure the signal from the leak making direct radar-based leak detection quite challenging. To overcome this challenge, this paper proposes a technique to estimate the pipeline signal from the overall radar response then subtract it to make the oil leak signal easier to detect. The technique is explained and the simulation results for a realistic oil leak out of plastic (PVC) and metallic pipes buried in sand are reported and discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique.
Sex Therapy Workshops: The Indian Experience

This article explores the relevance of sex therapy strategies and techniques across cultures using as an example workshops conducted in India. Cross-cultural workshops involve respecting and acknow...
Recent Computational Developments in the use of Complex Scaling in Resonance Phenomena

Publisher Summary Many interesting phenomena can be described in terms of a resonance structure. This chapter discusses biorthogonal basis sets and the characteristics of Gamow–Siegert states. These two concepts form a convenient basis on which to formulate the rest of the material. The chapter provides a discussion of the complex coordinate theorems; the properties of the bound, scattering, and resonance states; and analytical examples to illustrate these properties. A variational principle is derived in the chapter along with a discussion on various types of configuration interaction and self-consistent calculational approaches that have used this variational principle is presented. The generalization of the stabilization techniques for configuration integration, self-consistent field, and many-body calculations to what the complex stabilization method for the real Hamiltonian is discussed in the chapter.
Bioactive compounds from the genus broussonetia

ABSTRACT: The genus Broussonetia of the Moraceae (mulberry family) is of both ethnomedical and industrial interest. Of the approximately 30 species in this genus, only three have been subjected to previous phytochemical investigation, namely, B. kazinoki, B. papyrifera, and B. zeylanica. From over 100 compounds isolated from these species, the major secondary metabolites reported thus far are alkaloids of the pyrrolidine type and several types of flavonoids. Some of these compounds have exhibited various biological activities, such antioxidative, aromatase inhibitory, cytotoxic, glycosidase inhibitory, and platelet aggregation inhibitory effects. The biologically active constituents of the species in the genus Broussonetia are discussed in detail.
Agents of Discussion in Walter Bagehot's Physics and Politics

Physics and Politics is a unique attempt to apply Darwin’s theory of natural selection to the social and political realms. Adopting a “survival of the fittest” framework, the work traces historical developments within an individual society and between societies. Ultimately, Bagehot concludes that the factor which differentiates societies which have stagnated in a “cake of custom” and societies which have achieved some level of tangible “progress” is the ability to develop a taste for discussion of abstract principles. In turn, the results of intellectual discussion are incorporated into a particular society’s form of government, and government itself becomes government by discussion. However, Bagehot himself, in somewhat of a modernist fashion, acknowledges his own intellectual limits and claims that he is unable to explain precisely why some societies are capable of discussion and others never develop this capacity. The aim of this paper is, first, to further explore this dichotomy between “custom” societies and “discussion” societies by looking at several possible explanations posed by Bagehot himself: The Roman family law idea of patria potestas (or shift in family power from mother to father), differences in education, different ideas of tolerance, and the implications of natural selection itself. Second, this paper seeks to examine the effects, if any, of colonization in a concrete sense on the custom/discussion dichotomy. Put differently, it will attempt to answer the question, viewed from the time of Bagehot’s writing, is there any hope for imperial rule to cause the germination of abstract discussion in a society stagnated in Bagehot’s “cake of custom?” An answer in the affirmative will be offered, though not without great difficulty. This type of analysis has not been attempted by any other scholarship.