cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of the Diabetic with Vascular Disease

Vascular disease and its devastating end-results constitute one of the major problems faced by the medical profession today. The steadily increasing duration of life, with large numbers of the population living to sixty-five years of age and over, is bringing in an era in which degeneration of all systems must constitute a challenge. The diabetic too must pay the price of living longer by being more likely to develop degenerative disease and its complications. The remarkable contributions in the field of vascular disease during the last three decades have added to the insight into these disorders. It is commonly considered that involvement of the vascular system is inevitable in the diabetic, provided he lives long enough. One does see, however, a few individuals with diabetes of many years’ duration who seem to have escaped the ravages of time and have no demonstrable changes in their vascular tree. That arteriosclerosis in diabetes increases with the duration of the disease is evidenced by the figures quoted by Root, who noted that this process as a cause of death increased from 17 per cent at an average age of 44.5 to 70 per cent at an average age of 65.3. As will be discussed below, diabetics seem to have a greater incidence of arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis than does the general population. Although these conditions appear to differ in no respect from those found in nondiabetics, nevertheless, there is evidence that certain vascular changes, particularly in the retina and kidneys, may well be peculiar to the complicated metabolic disturbance found in diabetes mellitus. In many organs of the diabetic, vascular lesions are found with special frequency. They will be more fully described as the individual anatomic units are discussed. White, who studied juvenile diabetics who had lived twenty years or more after developing the disease, noted some evidence of vascular disease in 92 per cent, an astounding figure. Factors playing a role in this increasing incidence, such as an inheritance of a defective vascular tree, seem to have some influence. Nutrition in a broad sense, infection (which is notoriously more frequent in the diabetic), so-called toxic factors, hormone imbalance, and capillary fragility all may play a part, although one cannot justifiably accuse any one of these.
Handling Concept Drift

In this chapter, the different methods and techniques used to learn from data streams in evolving and nonstationary environments will be presented, and their performances will be compared according to the generated drift characteristics as well as to the application context and objectives. The goal is to define the criteria to be used in order to help readers to efficiently design the suitable learning scheme for a particular application. For this aim, these methods and techniques are classified and compared according to a set of meaningful criteria. Several examples will be used to illustrate and discuss the principal and the performance of these methods and techniques.
Translation, Littérisation, and the Nobel Prize for Literature

This work is a cultural economics study of the problem of translation production and assessment in and leading up to the literary Nobel Prize deliberations. I argue that the constraints of assessing an unevenly and partially translated body of literary works, many of them from less common languages, present an unbreachable expertise gap. Translation as a sacralization, or consecration in Casanova’s (2004) term, of a writer’s work is considered in the context of the award. Ultimately the prize is shown to depend upon translations carried out in dissimilar circumstances for each candidate. The award of the Nobel is part of the founder’s call for works to be more widely circulated, not to reward fame; thus a Nobel is more an invitation to translate than a recognition of an author in translation, although evidence suggests that the post-Nobel translational impact may vary by writer and over time. This study sheds light on the degree to which the Prize is an authority-mediated phenomenon, and while critiquing the quixotic task of judging disparate forms and amounts of cultural capital side by side, and never from a point of neutrality, it also attempts to show how translation shapes this symbolic form of prestige in the struggle for existence. I posit that alternative prizes and prize-awarding in general as fraught with similar cross-language challenges. Possibilities for future research, qualitative analysis of the Nobel and translation demand, among other consequences, are briefly sketched.
Introduction: Remembering Perpetua

Remembering Perpetua provides an overview of the medieval textual tradition for the veneration of St. Perpetua. Beginning with the third-century Passio Perpetuae, or Passion of Saint Perpetua, and ending with Jacob of Voragine’s Legenda Aurea, or Golden Legend, Cotter-Lynch surveys the transformation of hagiographic narrative within the context of Mary Carruthers’ consideration of the medieval memory arts. Cotter-Lynch argues that various retellings of Perpetua’s story across the Middle Ages reconfigure the memory of the saint for different audiences, and that by examining which elements of Perpetua’s story are retold at different times, in different places, by different authors, we can gain insight into both changing theological ideas about the relationship between gender and sanctity, and the composition and circulation of stories in the medieval world.
Between language as problem and resource: Examining teachers’ language orientations in dual-language programs

ABSTRACTUsing a case study methodology, the article examines the language practices of two third-grade bilingual, dual-language education teachers as they prepare their students for their state’s standardized assessment. Findings revealed that both teachers taught in between the contradicting tensions of the language-as-problem and -resource orientations that simultaneously valued bilingual language practices but also positioned bilingual education and development as problematic to success on an English state test. Without a more concerted effort toward Bartolome and Balderrama’s “ideological clarity” among educators and recentering of a language-as-right orientation in bilingual education, there is a danger that the benefits of bilingualism and the opportunity for bilingual development may not be extended to subjugated language communities.
Dendritic cell function and pathogen-specific T cell immunity are inhibited in mice administered levonorgestrel prior to intranasal Chlamydia trachomatis infection

The growing popularity of levonorgestrel (LNG)-releasing intra-uterine systems for long-acting reversible contraception provides strong impetus to define immunomodulatory properties of this exogenous progestin. In initial in vitro studies herein, we found LNG significantly impaired activation of human dendritic cell (DCs) and their capacity to promote allogeneic T cell proliferation. In follow-up studies in a murine model of intranasal Chlamydia trachomatis infection, we analogously found that LNG treatment prior to infection dramatically reduced CD40 expression in DCs isolated from draining lymph nodes at 2 days post infection (dpi). At 12 dpi, we also detected significantly fewer CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the lungs of LNG-treated mice. This inhibition of DC activation and T cell expansion in LNG-treated mice also delayed chlamydial clearance and the resolution of pulmonary inflammation. Conversely, administering agonist anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody to LNG-treated mice at 1 dpi restored lung T cell numbers and chlamydial burden at 12 dpi to levels seen in infected controls. Together, these studies reveal that LNG suppresses DC activation and function, and inhibits formation of pathogen-specific T cell immunity. They also highlight the need for studies that define in vivo effects of LNG use on human host response to microbial pathogens.
Minimally Invasive Staging Surgery in Women with Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer: Analysis of the National Cancer Data Base

The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with the adoption of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) compared with laparotomy in the treatment of endometrial cancer and to compare surgical outcomes and survival between these two surgical modalities. We utilized the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) to identify women diagnosed with presumed early-stage endometrial cancer between 2010 and 2012. We also identified factors associated with the performance of MIS and utilized propensity score matching to create a matched cohort of women who underwent minimally invasive staging surgery or laparotomy for surgical staging. Overall, 20,346 women were eligible for inclusion in the study; 12,604 (61.9%) had MIS, while 7742 (38.1%) had a laparotomy. African American race (odds ratio [OR] 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49–0.60], Hispanic ethnicity (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.61–0.80), Charlson score >2 (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.69–0.91), high-grade histology (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.59–0.68), presumed clinical stage II disease (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.46–0.60), and surgery at a community cancer program (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.39–0.55) or in the Midwest region (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.64–0.76) were associated with a decreased likelihood of having MIS, while private insurance (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.45–1.97) and highest quartile median household income (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.03–1.24) were associated with an increased likelihood of having MIS. After propensity score matching, there was no association between minimally invasive staging surgery and 3-year overall survival (hazard ratio 1.03, 95% CI 0.92–1.16). There are notable racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, and geographic variations in the utilization of MIS for endometrial cancer staging in the US. After controlling for the aforementioned factors, MIS had a similar 3-year survival compared with laparotomy in women undergoing staging surgery for endometrial cancer.
Genetic Fingerprints and National Security.

Biometric surveillance is rapidly becoming an integral component of national security policy and practice. Biometric surveillance can include fingerprinting, facial and voice recognition, and iris ...
Simulation and developed A5/3

The purpose of this paper is the simulation development of A5/3 algorithms used by GSM networks security, one of the elements of the GSM networks security is A5/3 algorithm. the simulation facilities of the MATLAB, specifically by the used SIMULINK environment. According to knowledge, this is the first time to develop a SIMULINK approach for realization the proposed developments of A5/3, and testing their validity of actual application in the real such field. the hardware realization is one of the great challenges facing the researchers working in the software field after finishing their implementation of their proposed software development., this act in such approach offering good background of hardware knowledge to the computer specialists working with this design of a developed key generator or cryptosystem, and offer great trust that the results of the developed algorithms can be applied without any obstacles.
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Revealed by Ulcerating Nodules Within Tattoos

The patient, a previously healthy 37-year-old man, presented with new onset erythematous ulcerating nodules within longstanding tattoos on the upper arms (A). He reported making homemade ink by crushing graphite pencil tips, and tattooing himself using unsterilized instruments. Lesions were mildly tender. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Improved Flamelet Modeling of Supersonic Combustion

This paper has the objective of addressing a few basic issues pertaining to the use of the laminar flamelet method to model turbulence-combustion interactions in supersonic combustion. Specifically...
Range pattern matching with layer operations and continuous refinements

At advanced and mainstream process nodes (e.g., 7nm, 14nm, 22nm, and 55nm process nodes), lithography hotspots can exist in layouts of integrated circuits even if the layouts pass design rule checking (DRC). Existence of lithography hotspots in a layout can cause manufacturability issues, which can result in yield losses of manufactured integrated circuits. In order to detect lithography hotspots existing in physical layouts, pattern matching (PM) algorithms and commercial PM tools have been developed. However, there are still needs to use DRC tools to perform PM operations. In this paper, we propose a PM synthesis methodology, which uses a continuous refinement technique, for the automatic synthesis of a given lithography hotspot pattern into a DRC deck, which consists of layer operation commands, so that an equivalent PM operation can be performed by executing the synthesized deck with the use of a DRC tool. Note that the proposed methodology can deal with not only exact patterns, but also range patterns. Also, lithography hotspot patterns containing multiple layers can be processed. Experimental results show that the proposed methodology can accurately and efficiently detect lithography hotspots in physical layouts.
The Holographic Electromyographic Automated Rehabilitation Technology (HEART) Project (P5.008)

Objective: To develop a surface-electromyography (sEMG)-controlled virtual reality arm for early post-stroke upper extremity motor rehabilitation in patients with moderate to severe arm weakness. Background: Despite improvements in acute stroke treatment, stroke continues to be the leading cause of adult disability. There are currently several rehabilitation interventions that have been shown to facilitate motor recovery in clinical trials; however, the majority of these interventions require at least 2/5 strength of the limb for participation in therapy. For patients with more severe weakness, motor imagery and biofeedback may be helpful. New technologies, such as augmented or virtual reality devices, may provide ways to combine motor imagery and biofeedback. Design/Methods: We have developed a system where sEMG signals are recorded from the wrist flexor and extensor muscle groups and used to control the wrist flexion/extension of a virtual arm. The virtual arm is displayed using a Microsoft HoloLens, a set of goggles that displays holographic images in the user’s field of vision. Results: Our initial prototype is able to use signals from both healthy individuals and stroke patients with upper extremity weakness to control wrist flexion and extension in our virtual arm model. We present data on the accuracy with which the movements of the virtual arm reflect movement in healthy controls, the range of muscle strength sufficient to consistently control the model arm movements, and the subjective experiences of the stroke patients who have tried the device. Conclusions: The HEART system is able to translate sEMG signals from stroke patients with varying degrees of weakness into movements of a virtual arm. In future work, we are optimizing the design of the system including the addition of other joint movements and a game component to the activity. Design of a feasibility trial assessing use of the device in acute and subacute stroke patients will be presented. Study Supported by: University of Rochester VR/AR Pilot Grant Program NRSA 2T32NS007338-16 Disclosure: Dr. Zhang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Liu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hoque has received research support from Google (Google Faculty Research Award). Dr. Busza has received research support from MC10 Inc.
Exploring computational thinking through collaborative problem solving and audio puzzles

Although educators, researchers, and designers have increasingly advocated for developing computational thinking (CT) in young children, the vast majority of CT learning environments fail to support the development of positive attitudes towards problem solving, confidence in dealing with complexity, and communicating and working with others to achieve a goal. To address this issue, our design team developed a music-based puzzle game called SynthSync. The game challenges players to work collaboratively to "debug" jumbled musical compositions through close listening, tinkering, and communication. SynthSync players manipulate controls to adjust musical variables (pitch, note length, and the length of rests) in arhythmic and dissonant musical puzzles based on popular songs until they "discover" the original piece of music.
Functions of Wheat Supply and Demand in Saudi Arabia

The primary purpose of this paper is comparing six common models, which were linear, quadratic, Cobb-Douglas, translog, logarithmic, and transcendental, to estimate the supply and demand functions for Saudi Arabian wheat. In addition to estimating the market equilibrium for price and quantity, that led to identifying consumer and producer surplus. Data cover 1990-2014 for all the variables that used to show the effect supply and demand of Wheat. After testing the models using Stepwise and Box-Cox, we came up with the fact that the linear and Cobb-Douglas methods were the best models to show the relationship between variables. On the supply side, we found using the linear model, that wheat price had a negative sign, which represents the impact of government policy number 335. However, in the Cobb-Douglas model, the wheat price had a positive sign. The elasticity coefficient of supply for the wheat price was inelastic. Moreover, the result also showed that all the elasticity coefficients in the supply and demand models were inelastic. The low-income elasticity of demand led the consumption of wheat to increase.
Role of local [Ca+2] in the control of cell function.

Ca+2 is believed to play an essential role in the regulation of cell function. While this has been suspected for many years, the inability to directly measure [Ca+2] in small cells of physiological interest precluded obtaining definitive insights into many aspects of this process. We have been interested in the mechanisms underlying the generation and regulation of force in smooth muscle and thus for many years, have been interested in the role of Ca+2 in this process.
Infectious recombinant vectored virus vaccines.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the development and the potential of infectious recombinant vectored virus vaccines. Experimental immunizations with infectious virus vectors carrying one or more heterologous genes for immunogenic proteins have been remarkably successful in experimental animals systems. Such immunizations have enabled the presentation of immunogenic proteins to the host immune system in an authentic way, mimicking closely the way antigens are presented in natural infections. Member viruses of the three families— Poxviridae, Herpesviridae, and Adenoviridae — described in the chapter as having potential for use as infectious vectored virus vaccines, have characteristics that lead to a complex judgment as to the overall promise for the practical use of end products in the field. Feasibility seems clear even though, in most cases, questions of stability of recombinants and the level of expression of inserted gene products have not been fully answered. At present, virus vectors under development have the ability to carry enough heterologous DNA to code for a single or multiple genes for immunogenic proteins. Vector systems allow remarkably faithful transcription and translation from inserted genes, as well as proper posttranslational processing and transport.
Regulatory thickening and the politics of market-oriented environmental policy

Scholars of environmental market-based policy instruments (MBIs), such as cap-and-trade and biodiversity offsetting programs, have extensively documented MBI's market-like features, including the w...
‘I am a Double-voiced […] Bird’: Identity and Voice in Ulrike Almut Sandig's Poetry

With reference chiefly to Dickicht (2011) and ich bin ein Feld voller Raps, verstecke die Rehe und leuchte wie dreizehn Olgemalde ubereinandergelegt (2016) this paper will demonstrate that voice is...
HİGH SCHOOL STUDENTS' ANXİETİES ON PHYSİCAL EDUCATİON AND SPORTS

Physical education is an important part of general education. Ensures the right of the child's right to play and free movement within the school life; provides physical and spiritual training to enjoy sporting activities. Every student has the right to develop his / her skills and to eliminate the unbalanced development within the physical education course. Planned activities gathered in skills, strength and physical education support development in a significant way and make a healthy life possible. The physical education teacher should know the effective means of communication to infuse all these features with the child. In addition to professional knowledge, it should also have the ability to express emotions and thoughts effectively. Healthy communication between teacher and student affects the quality of education in a positive way. The scale was developed by Vassilis Barkoukis, Angelos Rodafinos, Eirini Koidou and Haralambos Tsorbatzoudis in 2012. The Turkish version of the form was obtained from Varol (2014). The aim of this study is to determine the anxiety of high school students against physical education. 8% of the students are 15 years old, 20% are 16 years old, 53% are 17 years old, 19% are 18 years old; 41% were female, 59% were male; 9% in 9th grade, 19% in 10th grade, 53% in 11th grade and 19% in 12th grade. Students' cognitive process sub-dimension scores were 2.08 ± 85, somatic anxiety subscale scores were 2.02 ±, 72, and anxiety subscale scores were 1.78 ± 59. Within the scope of the study, the questionnaire was applied to the participants face to face and analyzed by SPSS 22.0 package program. Article visualizations:
Abstract IA25: Targeting tumor neoantigens to drive effective tumor immunity

With the recent availability of novel immunologic agents, priority has shifted to understanding the mechanisms of and predicting responses to each treatment. At the heart of cancer and host immune cell interactions is the tumor antigen and host antigen-specific T cell interaction, with the cytotoxic T cell-cognate antigen interaction forming the mechanistic basis for immune-mediated recognition and the killing of malignant cells. While the search for immunogenic tumor antigens has been the subject of decades-long studies, multiple lines of evidence have convincingly demonstrated tumor neoantigens as an important class of immunogenic tumor antigens. Neoantigens arise from amino acid changes encoded by somatic mutations in the tumor cell and have the potential to bind to and be presented by personal HLA molecules. Using next-generation sequencing approaches, we can now systematically identify mutations leading to amino acid changes that can be potentially recognized immunologically through the implementation of neoantigen discovery pipelines. In recent studies, we have demonstrated that neoantigens can be safely and feasibly targeted to generate customized cancer vaccines. We have been undertaking pilot clinical trials to develop personal cancer vaccines in melanoma and glioblastoma that utilize synthetic long peptides as delivery approach for this therapy. Recent results and new directions will be discussed. Citation Format: Catherine J. Wu. Targeting tumor neoantigens to drive effective tumor immunity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA25.
A course‐based undergraduate research experience in biochemistry that is suitable for students with various levels of preparedness

Due to resource limitations at predominantly undergraduate institutions, research opportunities for non-senior students can be limited. To provide opportunities for a variety of students to gain exposure to research, a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) was designed and conducted. Coupled inquiry was used to allow underclassmen and upperclassmen to participate. Students first utilized a bioinformatics approach to develop hypotheses concerning protein interactions with the receptor Mer tyrosine kinase (MERTK). Students designed experiments to identify specific sites of interactions with SH2-domain proteins utilizing an assortment of basic biochemical techniques. The semester culminated in students testing their hypotheses and producing manuscripts. Underclassmen that participated in the course also benefitted from mentor-mentee relationships developed with upperclassmen due to the collaborative nature of the course. The structure of the course also allows for further studies to be conducted based on novel findings and is highly adaptable to receptor tyrosine kinases found in other tissue types. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(3):220-227, 2019.
An Analysis of Using Many Small Programs in CS1

Modern program auto-graders enable new CS1 approaches. Instructors can easily create new assignments, with students receiving immediate score feedback and resubmitting assignments. With such auto-graders, one approach assigns many small programs (MSPs) each week instead of one large program (OLP). Earlier research showed MSPs in CS1 yielded happier students and better grades. Our university and other schools have switched to MSPs in CS1. This paper addresses common questions about MSPs. We analyzed submissions for a 76-student section of our MSP CS1 course. Given 7 MSPs per week each worth 10 points, students needed 50 points for full credit. Students averaged 17 minutes per MSP and 120 minutes per week. Given 7 days, students on average started 2.2 days ahead of the due date, with 37% starting at least 3 days ahead. 40% of students exceeded the required 50 points per week (no extra credit was given). 50% of students "pivoted" -- switching to another program before completing the previous one. 54% used MSPs to study for exams. Students used MSPs in ways beneficial to their learning and stress reduction: spending sufficient time, completing more than necessary, preparing for exams, and pivoting to avoid getting stuck. A common concern is that MSP CS1 students will do poorly in a CS2 using OLPs. We analyzed 5 quarters of CS2 and found MSP students do fine (in fact slightly better). These results encourage use and refinement of MSPs in CS1 and other courses.
Phylogenetics of freshwater black basses (Centrarchidae: Micropterus) inferred from restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial DNA.

Geographic isolation and habitat specialization has aided in the evolution and genetic integrity of the micropterid bass species of North America. Members of the genus Micropterus form a close natural unit with little morphologic and meristic variation. Our goals were to measure the genetic characteristics of and distances between six black bass species by using mitochondrial DNA analysis. Mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms were examined in Guadalupe bass (M. treculi), largemouth bass (M. salmoides), shoal bass (M. cataractae), smallmouth bass (M. dolomieu), spotted bass (M. punctulatus), and Suwannee bass (M. notius), using 15 restriction endonucleases. The bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) was used as an outgroup. The phylogeny inferred from Dollo parsimony cladistic analysis concurred with published results from allozyme analyses, yet it was inconsistent with published meristic analyses. Genetic distances between species ranged from 0.0659 to 0.2145, with the largemouth and Suwannee basses showing the greatest divergence from the other black basses. The Guadalupe, smallmouth, and spotted basses were most diverged from the bluegill. The black basses diverged over a broad time frame, with estimated black bass speciation occurring during late Miocene – early Pliocene (3.30–10.73 MYA).
Solutions of Black–Scholes

Because many introductory courses in partial differential equations solve the heat equation, it is not necessary to do so here. Instead, the emphasis will be to explain the various terms embedded in the solution: All reflect those change of variables that converted the Black–Scholes Equation into the heat equation. These changes must be reinserted into a heat equation solution to transform it into a Black–Scholes solution.
Dietary fatty acid oxidation is decreased in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: A palmitate breath test study

Background & aim Hepatic fat excess in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) reflects an imbalance between fat accumulation and disposal. Conflicting data exist for the role of fatty acid oxidation (FAO), one of the disposal pathways, and have mostly come from the studies delivering fatty acids (FAs) intravenously. Whether FAO of orally provided FAs is affected in NAFLD is unknown. Methods We performed a breath test study to measure FAO in subjects with NAFLD and healthy controls. Subjects ingested [1-13 C] palmitic acid (PA, 10 mg/kg) in a liquid meal and the rate of 13 CO2 appearance in expired air was measured over 6 hours by a BreathID device (Exalenz) to obtain the cumulative percent dose recovered (CPDR), the total amount of ingested 13 C recovered. CPDR was corrected by the results of a [1-13 C] acetate breath test, performed 1-4 weeks later, to calculate the rate of PA β-oxidation. Results Palmitic acid oxidation was 27% lower in 43 subjects with NAFLD compared to 11 controls (CPDR 9.5 ± 2.4% vs 13.1 ± 3.7%, P = .0001) and this persisted after correcting for acetate (29.3 ± 10.5 vs 36.6 ± 13.9, P = .03). The decrease in FAO was not because of the delayed transit as the time to peak 13 C detection did not differ between groups (4.9 ± 1.2 hours vs 4.7 ± 0.8 hours, P = .7). Rates of PA oxidation were not correlated with obesity, hepatic or adipose insulin resistance, alanine aminotransferase, liver fat content and NAFLD histology. Conclusion Fatty acid oxidation of orally delivered FA is decreased in NAFLD compared to healthy controls, likely reflecting decreased β-oxidation. The use of a breath test offers non-invasive dynamic assessment of FAO.
Deprivation and psychopathology in the Fragile Families Study: A 15‐year longitudinal investigation

BACKGROUND Early adversity consistently predicts youth psychopathology. However, the pathways linking unique dimensions of early adversity, such as deprivation, to psychopathology are understudied. Here, we evaluate a theoretical model linking early deprivation exposure with psychopathology prospectively through language ability. METHODS Participants included 2,301 youth (47.5% female) enrolled in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. We include data from assessment points at ages 1, 3, 5, 9, and 15. Latent factors for deprivation and threat were modeled from multiple indicators at ages 1 and 3. Youth language ability was assessed at Age 5. Indicators of psychopathology were assessed at ages 5, 9, and 15. A structural equation model tested longitudinal paths to internalizing and externalizing psychopathology from experiences of deprivation and threat. RESULTS Deprivation from birth to Age 3 was associated with an indirect effect on internalizing and externalizing symptoms in early childhood (Age 5), later childhood (Age 9), and adolescence (Age 15) via language ability in early childhood (Age 5). Early threat exposure was associated with increased internalizing and externalizing psychopathology across all ages. There was no significant indirect effect from threat to psychopathology via language ability. CONCLUSIONS The effects of deprivation on psychopathology during early childhood, late childhood, and adolescence are explained, in part, through early childhood language ability. Results provide insight into language ability as a possible opportunity for intervention.
Forward: In Honor of Professor Marybeth Herald

On February 1, 2019, Thomas Jefferson School of Law held its 19th Annual Women and the Law Conference and Ruth Bader Ginsburg Lecture. The conference, with the theme “The Way Forward: Gender, LGBTQIA Rights, and Religious Liberties,” was dedicated to the memory of Professor Marybeth Herald, who was a member of the Thomas Jefferson community for more than 25 years. The papers given at the conference were published as a symposium issue of the Thomas Jefferson Law Review. The symposium issue was also dedicated to Professor Herald. In this Forward to the symposium issue, Professor and former Dean Kenneth J. Vandevelde sets forth Professor Herald’s accomplishments as a law school administrator, a scholar, and a teacher.
A Novel Protocol for the Evaluation and Management of Patients for Successful HeartMate III Explantation

Introduction Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are used in cases of heart failure refractory to medical therapy. In certain cases, myocardial function recovers and LVADs can be explanted. Weaning protocols and post explantation management are lacking. We describe the case of successful Heartmate III (HM III) LVAD insertion, followed by myocardial recovery and successful explanation. Case Report 35-year-old male with a history of chronic systolic heart failure due to poly-substance abuse with a left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) of 15% presented in acute cardiogenic shock, INTEMACS 2. A HM III was implanted and he remained stable. Over a period of 14 months, he was able to tolerate up titration of his goal directed medical therapy that included valsartan 160 mg twice daily, spironolactone 50 mg daily, digoxin 125 mcg daily, isosorbide mononitrate 60 mg daily, hydralazine 100 mg three times a day, and carvedilol 25 mg twice a day. On repeat imaging, he demonstrated a decrease in left ventricular (LV) size and an increase in intrinsic function (EF50%), represented by an aortic valve that opens with every beat and low flow alarms necessitating lower speeds. The decision was made to wean him from the LVAD. He was given 5000 units of IV heparin and under echo guidance his LVAD speed was decreased from 5000 to 4500 rpm. He walked 537 m on a 6-minute walk test. He was admitted for further reduction in HM III dependence. He received additional heparin and his LVAD speed was dropped to 4,000rpm for a cardiopulmonary exercise test, which was notable for peak VO2 of 13 with an RER of 1.4 and a VE/VCO2 slope of 39. His RHC demonstrated acceptable intra-cardiac pressures with a normal cardiac index. HM III was explanted and he was discharged. Summary To date no weaning protocols for HM III have been accepted or standardized. We describe the case of a patient who required LVAD insertion, followed by myocardial recovery and explanation. We suggest the above protocol for the evaluation of patients deemed appropriate for LVAD explant.
Effectiveness of Firm-Fixed Price Spacecraft Contracts to Curb Cost Growth

There are many types of contracts used by NASA for science missions to procure spacecraft, this paper focuses on two main categories: Cost-Plus (CP) contracts and Firm-Fixed Price (FFP) contracts. When CP contracts are used, the government agrees to cover the actual expenses of the project which include the planned original cost and any additional labor or material costs incurred to complete the work. The CP contract mechanism is ideally implemented when government requirements are not well-defined, and the likelihood of a modification to the scope of the project is high. When FFP contracts are used, the government agrees to cover a non-variable cost and will not pay for any additional labor or material costs incurred to complete the work. The FFP contract mechanism is ideally implemented when the government requirements are well-defined, costs can be predicted, and the contractor has experience in manufacturing a product that fulfills the requirements. This paper investigates historical cost growth of spacecraft for a variety of NASA science missions launched over the last 20 years, by comparing historical cost growth of CP and FFP spacecraft from contract start to delivery. Additionally, this paper will also examine the potential causes of cost growth on FFP contracts, including schedule delays, requirement changes, the addition of new scope after the contract was signed, and mistakenly formulating a basis of estimate by assuming high heritage to a previous spacecraft. The results of this study will provide guidelines and lessons learned to help NASA and other government agencies determine when an FFP contract can be used effectively and efficiently.
A Model for Individual Change: Exploring its Application to Human Resource Development

Change is the basis for improving and expanding individual, group, and organizational effectiveness, performance, and learning. However, human resource development (HRD) has utilized and developed few empirically validated individual change models or theories. Because HRD is multidisciplinary in nature, it is important for researchers and practitioners to consider what models or theories others have to offer. One influential model from the health and medical field that has promising utility in HRD is the transtheoretical model (TTM) of individual change. The purpose of this article is to introduce this model and explore its application to HRD. This article uses Dubin's criteria for theory building as a general framework for discussing the TTM's background, components, related constructs, and limitations. In addition, it presents the implications of this theoretical model to HRD.
Current Practice of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Coagulation Disorders.

Acute coronary artery disease represents the leading cause of death worldwide. Some studies have shown that coagulation disorders can play a protective role against ischemic heart disease, presumably due to hypocoagulable state and decrease thrombin formation. However, autopsy reports showed atherosclerotic lesions in some patients with hemophilia. Since the introduction of clotting factors and replacement therapies, the life expectancy of patients with coagulation disorders has increased significantly. As a result, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases became higher making their treatment more challenging. Door to balloon strategy applies in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and percutaneous coronary intervention should not be delayed. While in non-STEMI (NSTEMI) and unstable angina, a hematology consult is essential. Prophylactic coagulation factor replacement is crucial in these patients in order to avoid bleeding complications, but on the other hand, these factors were also associated with thrombotic complications. Historically, bare-metal stents were preferred over drug-eluting stents in view of the shorter duration of dual antiplatelets therapy (DAPT). Currently, some trials have demonstrated the safety of new-generation drug-eluting stents in patients with elevated bleeding risk, where DAPT use is limited to four weeks. The radial artery is the preferred access and was found to have less bleeding complications when compared to the femoral access. Anticoagulation with heparin is the safest in view of antidote availability and shorter half-life. Bivalirudin has also been used in some case reports, while GP2b3a inhibitors are usually avoided except in a high thrombus burden. Close peri procedural follow-up is important with patient education about symptoms of bleed. Carefully and individually tailored antithrombotic and factor replacement therapy is required to overcome these clinically challenging situations. Early screening for cardiovascular risk factors and considering early intervention and management might help to improve the general health status of this population and reduce morbidity.
11 Auto-immuunhepatitis en overlapsyndromen

In dit hoofdstuk staat auto-immuunhepatitis (AIH) centraal. Er zijn echter patienten die zich presenteren met diagnostische karakteristieken van meer dan een auto-immuunleverziekte: AIH, primaire scleroserende cholangitis (PSC), primaire biliaire cirrose (PBC) en auto-immuuncholangitis (AIC). Daarom worden ook de overlapsyndromen behandeld.
Studies on yeast enolase. Quantitative end group analyses and the effect of exopeptidase digestion.

Abstract The structural model of yeast enolase has undergone substantial modification in recent years, and the quantitative end group analysis of the enzyme was undertaken as a means of establishing the most recent two-subunit model by a chemical method. Carboxypeptidase digestion and hydrazinolysis gave 1.95 and 1.85 moles, respectively, of carboxyl-terminal leucine per mole of enzyme, and amino-terminal analysis by the cyanate method gave 1.8 moles of amino-terminal alanine per mole of enzyme, thus confirming the model of yeast enolase as an 88,000-dalton protein consisting of two 44,000-dalton subunits. Contrary to reports in the literature, pure enolase was found to be very resistant to endopeptidase-free exopeptidase digestion. The earlier findings that large segments of both the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal sequences can be removed by exopeptidases without loss of enolase activity can thus not be reproduced in this laboratory. Some possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
A Multi-Resolution Content-Based Retrieval Approach for Geographic Images

Current retrieval methods in geographic image databases use only pixel-by-pixel spectral information. Texture is an important property of geographical images that can improve retrieval effectiveness and efficiency. In this paper, we present a content-based retrieval approach that utilizes the texture features of geographical images. Various texture features are extracted using wavelet transforms. Based on the texture features, we design a hierarchical approach to cluster geographical images for effective and efficient retrieval, measuring distances between feature vectors in the feature space. Using wavelet-based multi-resolution decomposition, two different sets of texture features are formulated for clustering. For each feature set, different distance measurement techniques are designed and experimented for clustering images in a database. The experimental results demonstrate that the retrieval efficiency and effectiveness improve when our clustering approach is used.
Mutations within the Piga gene in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired clonal hematologic disorder with multiple and varied clinical manifestations. The biochemical defect in PNH resides in the incomplete enzymatic assembly of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors used for surface protein attachment. In all patients tested thus far, the defect is at the level of N-acetylglucosamine attachment to phosphatidylinositol (complementation class A defect). A human cDNA, Piga, that repairs cell lines with the class A defect has been recently cloned, making Piga a candidate gene for PNH. In the current study, using highly purified GPI- deficient granulocytes, we have performed Northern blot and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of Piga in four patients with PNH. In each case, we have identified a mutation in the Piga coding sequence: three frameshift mutations were found, and a single nucleotide substitution (missense) mutation was identified. Our results provide convincing evidence that alterations in the Piga gene are responsible for PNH.
Comparison between theory and observation of the frequency sweep rates of equatorial rising tone chorus

[1] Theoretical predictions for chorus frequency sweep rates by Helliwell and Trakhtengerts are compared with observations from the THEMIS satellites and a previously published dataset from the Cluster satellites. We first extend the theories to use a general magnetic field model to include the effects of magnetic local time and geomagnetic activity, and then show that both theories give the same dependence of the frequency sweep rate on background plasma parameters. The theoretical scaling of frequency sweep rates are shown to agree very well with observations. We demonstrate that for a given equatorial magnetic field strength, nightside and dawnside chorus waves have higher frequency sweep rates because of the stretching of the magnetic field, while dayside chorus waves have lower frequency sweep rates because of the compression of the field. Increasing geomagnetic activity will enhance the asymmetry by increasing the day-night asymmetry of the background field. The results are important for understanding the generation mechanism of chorus waves.
Catalyzed hydrogen/deuterium exchange reactions on coal

A study was initiated in this laboratory to investigate the exchange of deuterium gas with the hydrogen on coal and to determine whether a dispersed catalyst could play a role in this reaction. A pulse-flow microreactor was constructed that permits the study of mixtures of coal and catalyst as they are heated in a tubular furnace. Pulses of deuterium gas were carried through the bed of coal by a stream of argon. The products were analyzed by a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The results of this work demonstrated that MoS{sub 2} will catalyze the exchange reaction at temperatures as low as 225{degrees}C physically mixed with coal.
Inside the neuron: cytoskeleton, dendrites, and synapses (an overview).

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses the evolving views on several of Cajal's favored topics, including the neuronal cytoskeleton and the effects of glial factors on its plasticity, the dendritic spines, the interactions among processes of special types of nerve cells, and the make-up of interneuronal contacts. Discovery of the dendritic spine is one of the most conspicuous examples of Cajal's superior power of observation. The chapter discusses the proximal dendrites of mature Purkinje cells, relinquish their contacts with the climbing fibers in the absence of activity, and become covered with new spine that establishes new synapses mainly with parallel fibers. Neuronal diversity will continue to engender many challenges for anatomical, biochemical, and electrophysiological studies. Although neurons share fundamental machinery that regulates neurotransmitter secretion and postsynaptic receptor organization, it is likely that this machinery is differentially regulated—and it may even vary in some of its elements—in types and subsets of neurons.
Comparing the Quality of Third, Fourth, and Fifth Graders' Social Interactions and Cognitive Strategy Use during Structured Online Inquiry.

This study examined the social and cognitive interaction patterns of third, fourth, and fifth graders as they collaboratively read on the Internet and responded to an inquiry prompt. Data analysis ...
Production and Decay of Radiocarbon and its Modulation by Geomagnetic Field-Solar Activity Changes with Possible Implications for Global Environment

Seven estimates of the global 14C production rate at solar minimum (1965, S=15) and solar maximum (1969, .S-106) were published between 1970 and 1980. Six of these are is good agreement at 2.47±0.19 (a, S=15) and 2.02±0.13 (σ, S=106). The seventh estimate is 22% lower. Nevertheless, modelers of 14C fluctuation have used this lowest production rate because it is consistent with their estimates of the 14C inventory. Standard models for the global 14C cycle do not include sedimentary reservoirs because the flux to sediments is considered to be negligibly small. However, 14C accumulates in sediments over its 8270-year mean Iife and constitutes a significant part of the total pre-anthropogenic 14C inventory (24%) and should be included in 14C fluctuation models. Addition of sedimentary sink reservoirs yields global 14C decay rates that are consistent with the six higher estimates of global 14C production rates. The carbon flux to sediments is being anthropogenically enhanced and may account for a significant part of the “mising” carbon in the 20th century global carbon cycle.