cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spatially Enhanced Bags of Words for 3D Shape Retrieval

This paper presents a new method for 3D shape retrieval based on the bags-of-words model along with a weak spatial constraint. First, a two-pass sampling procedure is performed to extract the local shape descriptors, based on spin images, which are used to construct a shape dictionary. Second, the model is partitioned into different regions based on the positions of the words. Then each region is denoted as a histogram of words (also known as bag-of-words ) as found in it along with its position. After that, the 3D model is represented as the collection of histograms, denoted as bags-of-words, along with their relative positions, which is an extension of an orderless bag-of-words 3D shape representation. We call it as Spatial Enhanced Bags-of-Words (SEBW). The spatial constraint shows improved performance on 3D shape retrieval tasks.
MULTIPLE PATERNITY AND RELATEDNESS IN SOUTHERN ILLINOIS RACCOONS (PROCYON LOTOR)

Abstract Observing mating behaviors in wild populations is difficult because of the relative infrequency of copulations, nocturnal habits of many species, and possible observer effects on behavior. However, the development of genetic techniques has enabled the outcome of reproductive activities to be examined by sampling young and potential parents. Our objective was to examine paternity in a population of free-ranging raccoons (Procyon lotor) in southern Illinois using 10 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. We determined genotypes for 183 individuals, including 35 young from 11 litters. Most litters (X = 3.2 young/litter ± 0.4 SE) had multiple sires, as indicated by >2 paternal alleles at each locus; ≥88% of 8 litters with >2 young were sired by multiple males. These results indicate that females mate with multiple males during estrus. We also found evidence that at least 1 male mated with multiple females. Sires (75%; n = 8) were usually trapped <500 m from the locations where dams were trapped....
An unprecedented rearrangement in collision-induced mass spectrometric fragmentation of protonated benzylamines

The collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectra of several protonated benzylamines are described and mechanistically rationalized. Under collision-induced decomposition conditions, protonated dibenzylamine, for example, loses ammonia, thereby forming an ion of m/z 181. Deuterium labeling experiments confirmed that the additional proton transferred to the nitrogen atom during this loss of ammonia comes from the ortho positions of the phenyl rings and not from the benzylic methylene groups. A mechanism based on an initial elongation of a CN bond at the charge center that eventually cleaves the CN bond to form an ion/neutral complex of benzyl cation and benzylamine is proposed to rationalize the results. The complex then proceeds to dissociate in several different ways: (1) a direct dissociation to yield a benzyl cation observed at m/z 91; (2) an electrophilic attack by the benzyl cation within the complex on the phenyl ring of the benzylamine to remove a pair of electrons from the aromatic sextet to form an arenium ion, which either donates a ring proton (or deuteron when present) to the amino group forming a protonated amine, which undergoes a charge-driven heterolytic cleavage to eliminate ammonia (or benzylamine) forming a benzylbenzyl cation observed at m/z 181, or undergoes a charge-driven heterolytic cleavage to eliminate diphenylmethane and an immonium ion; and (3) a hydride abstraction from a methylene group of the neutral benzylamine to the benzylic cation to eliminate toluene and form a substituted immonium ion. Corresponding benzylamine and dibenzylamine losses observed in the spectra of protonated tribenzylamine and tetrabenzyl ammonium ion, respectively, indicate that the postulated mechanism can be widely applied. The postulated mechanisms enabled proper prediction of mass spectral fragments expected from protonated butenafine, an antifungal drug. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fouling of high density heat sinks - theoretical origins and numerical analysis

Heat sinks and other components must operate in a thermal envelope that calls for continuous operation over long periods of time. Increasing thermal loads are resulting in widespread acceptance of densely packed heat sinks with closely spaced fins. However, the environment surrounding heat sinks and other electronic components is not ideal. Particulate contaminants are present in the ambient supply air in nearly every office, home or other zone of operation. These contaminants are ingested by the cooling systems and subsequently introduced to these heat sinks. Repeated exposure to particulate contamination can lead to the phenomena known as thermal fouling, where contaminant particles adhere themselves to the surface of the heat sink, acting as an insulating layer and thus reducing thermal performance. This analysis seeks to quantify the reduction in performance experienced by a dense pin fin array exposed to a contaminated operating environment. Results of numerical simulations illustrate the potentially drastic effects on fin effectiveness and overall airflow rate in a uniformly coated, fouled array. The fundamental theories of particulate adhesion are discussed and an experimental course of action for verification of the reduction in performance owing to fouling is suggested.
Relict Inlets: Preservation and Occurrence in the Holocene Stratigraphy of Southern Core Banks, North Carolina

ABSTRACT A complex depositional history, dominated by barrier retreat and inlet formation and migration, is found within the Holocene section of southern Core Banks, a transgressive, microtidal barrier island. The common occurrence of barrier sands overlying backbarrier silty-sands and salt marsh peats indicate that oceanic overwash and consequent landward migration have been active processes in this island's evolution. However, in five isolated sections, the Holocene section is completely reworked by the action of a migrating inlet environment. Drill hole transects located seaward of arcuate, relict flood-tidal deltas associated with historically recorded inlets show five inlet-fill bodies within the Holocene stratigraphy. Each inlet-fill body has a distinct stratigraphic sequence typically represented by three depositional facies: (1) inlet floor, a coarse shell and pebble gravel lag; (2) channel, medium- to coarse-grained sand and abraded shell material; and (3) inlet margin (spit platform), a clean, very fine- to medium-grained sand capping the sequence. The inlet sequences vary in thickness from 2.8 to 16.8 m and in maximum width from 0.72 to 2.1 km, making them readily comparable to the dimensions of modern active inlets along the Outer Banks and in other microtidal environment. This study documents the high preservation potential of inlet-fill bodies and the importance of the migrating inlet environment within barrier island stratigraphy. This depositional environment represents 14-16% of the Holocene sediments beneath Core Banks and may well represent a significant percentage of the material preserved within barrier systems in the rock record.
Thin-film deposition by laser-assisted evaporation.

Laser-assisted evaporation of materials has several unique features and is being used increasingly as a thin-film deposition process. Characteristics of this technique and design parameters of a laser-assisted evaporation system are discussed. Types of source material, scanning and focusing of the laser beam, optical elements to deliver laser power to the sources, and emplacement of these elements to deposit thick films are explained.
Time-varying Riccati differential equations with known analytic solutions

This note presents several examples of large-scale time-varying stiff as well as nonstiff Riccati differential equations (RDEs) with known analytic solutions. These examples are useful for testing the accuracy and efficiency of algorithms for solving such equations. Analytic expressions of the eigenvalues of the solutions of the RDEs are also found. Eigenvectors of some of the solutions are given. >
Helping you to help me: exploring supportive interaction in online health community

People are able to express support for each other through online support groups by communicating their feelings and exchanging personalized information. In the domain of health information, this ability enables patients to connect with each other to build their own sense of community filled with healthy, supportive relationships. This paper reports a comparison of levels of social support types (informational, nurturant, and instrumental) that were identified among interactions across three different types of computer-mediated communication tools (forum, journals, and notes) from an online alcoholism support community. Findings show that people use each communication tool for different purposes, which can be associated with each tool's inherent design characteristics. Forums were used for exchanging information, whereas journals and notes were used for exchanging nurturant support. We suggest that this difference may be explained by the perceived levels of social support for each communication tool. These results can prove useful to health professionals in the development of social support systems for their patients that encourage health behavior change.
Use of Nucleic Acid Hybridization for Specific Detection of Submicrogram Quantities of DNA, and Its Application to Human Plasma

A technique is described for using radiolabeled RNA complementary to human DNA as a probe for the specific identification of submicrogram concentrations of human DNA by formation of RNA-DNA hybrids. An example is given of its application to the semiquantitation of human DNA in human plasma, a substance that is ordinarily difficult to examine because materials are present that interfere with the usual colorimetric or fluorometric assays. An example is also given of the use of an analogous approach to analyzing rabbit serum for circulating bacterial DNA. Unique to the hybridization technique is a degree of specificity sufficient to identify specific base sequences and hence the origin of the DNA being detected, a point that may be important in the examination of circulating DNA reported to occur in patients with systemic lupus erythematosis. This technique may also be of value in clarifying the presently conflicting data regarding the occurrence of free DNA in the normal human circulation.
The Effect of Ligand Lipophilicity on the Nanoparticle Encapsulation of Pt(IV) Prodrugs

In an effort to expand the therapeutic range of platinum anticancer agents, several new approaches to platinum-based therapy, including nanodelivery, are under active investigation. To better understand the effect of ligand lipophilicity on the encapsulation of Pt(IV) prodrugs within polymer nanoparticles, the series of compounds cis,cis,trans-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2L2] was prepared, where L = acetate, propanoate, butanoate, pentanoate, hexanoate, heptanoate, octanoate, nonanoate, and decanoate. The lipophilicities of these compounds, assessed by reversed-phase HPLC, correlate with the octanol/water partition coefficients of their respective free carboxylic acid ligands, which in turn affect the degree of encapsulation of the Pt(IV) complex within the hydrophobic core of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG-COOH) nanoparticles. The most lipophilic compound investigated, cis,cis,trans-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2(O2C(CH2)8CH3)2], displayed the best encapsulation. This compound was therefore selected to...
Into the Twilight Zone: Informing Judicial Discretion in Federal Sentencing

Recent changes in federal sentencing have shifted discretionary decision-making back to federal district court judges, while appellate courts review challenged sentences for reasonableness. Each judge brings considerable legal experience and qualifications to the bench, however, cultural experiences cannot necessarily prepare judges for the range of persons or situations they will address on the bench. Social psychologists who have studied social cognition have determined that the human brain creates categories and associations resulting in implicit biases and associations that are often unconscious or subconscious. Moreover, research suggests that such biases may be overcome or at least compensated by education on awareness of bias and countermeasures. Identifying unconscious preferences or biases and learning effective mechanisms for managing and changing unwanted preferences can impact the reasonable exercise of discretion on a case-by-case basis in sentencing decisions. Judges are expected to render decisions impartially. Nowhere is the need more critical than judicial determinations impacting liberty interests by imposing criminal punishment, and in particular, imprisonment. Lack of awareness or education is likely to lead to suboptimal sentencing outcomes based upon in-group bias, inaccurate cultural associations, and other cognitive flaws that will invite further political disruption. In contrast, investing in cultural competence and social cognition educational programs, and structuring programs to encourage interest in and attendance at such programs, can inform judges to improve their discretionary decision-making by overcoming any latent biases, thereby benefiting society through a more just legal system.
Ritz Solutions for Thermoelastic Cylinders

The use of Rayleigh-Ritz and modified Rayleigh-Ritz techniques for quasistatic thermal stress analysis of nonhomogeneous anistropic elastic bodies is examined. General expressions for the thermoelastic energies are written, and reduction of the general formulation to the problem of a nonhomogeneous orthotropic circular cylinder under a radial temperature distribution is illustrated. Approximate solutions for the deformations and stresses are compared with exact thermoelastic solutions in special cases of homogeneous cylinders, and with finite element solutions in cases of nonhomogeneous cylinders.
Access to and Interest in Using Smartphone Technology for the Management of Type 1 Diabetes in Ethnic Minority Adolescents and Their Parents

Abstract Background: A better understanding of parent and adolescent interest in using smartphone technology for type 1 diabetes (T1D) management is needed prior to developing technology-based interventions for ethnic minorities. This study examined access to and interest in technology-based programs for T1D in primarily Hispanic adolescents and their parents. Subjects and Methods: During a scheduled clinic visit, adolescents with T1D (n = 50; 52% female; 13.6 ± 2.0 years old; 74% Hispanic; hemoglobin A1c = 8.9 ± 1.7%) and their parents (n = 49; 54% household income <$49,000) completed brief self-report surveys. Results: Adolescents reported having access to the Internet (98%) and their own smartphones (86%). Thirty-seven percent reported using smartphone applications (apps) for their diabetes care, with 88% reporting carbohydrate counting as its primary function. Although most participants reported high/moderate interest in diabetes-specific apps, girls were more likely than boys to endorse high interest...
A brief history of Air-Intercept Missile 9 (Sidewinder)

D. G. Blanchard U.S. Navy, Naval Air Warfare Center, China Lake, CA AIAA, ASME, SAE, and ASEE, Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, 32nd, Lake Buena Vista, FL, July 1-3, 1996 The Sidewinder missile has been used for short-range air-to-air protection by the U.S. armed forces for 40 continuous years as of this month (June 1996). In recognition of this long distinguished tour, a brief description and historical overview of this successful missile system is given. The historical overview encompasses the origins of Sidewinder, a parenthetical history of its various versions, and a brief synopsis of its use in combat. (Author)
Connoted Hazard and Perceived Conspicuity of Warning Configurations

The effects of various elements comprising warning signs and labels on connoted hazard and perceived conspicuity were examined. The warning elements that were orthogonally manipulated included signal word, color, print/background color reversal, panel size, font size, and letter case. The component manipulations combined to produce 98 different warning configurations. The results confirmed some aspects of published standards in terms of color usage within the signal word panel. For example, in accordance with ANSI guidelines, signal words printed in white on a red background conveyed a higher level of hazard than any other ANSI signal word and background color style. Several significant interactions were found, supporting the notion that warning components need to be evaluated in combination with other components. Implications for the design of warnings are discussed.
A Brief Measure of Staff Commitment to Implement School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports

Staff buy-in has been implicated as an important factor in the implementation of school-wide positive behavioral interventions and supports (SW-PBIS). However, most evidence related to buy-in is indirect and does not involve systematic measurement of buy-in. The purpose of the present study was to develop and evaluate a six-item measure of staff commitment to implement SW-PBIS. Responses were gathered from 1,218 teachers and staff working in schools at various stages of SW-PBIS implementation. Results showed strong evidence of internal consistency, construct validity, and content validity for the buy-in measure. There was a strong bias toward positive responding on the measure, but there were statistically significant differences that aligned with previous research (e.g., grade level of the school, role of respondents). In terms of concurrent validity, the relation between commitment and fidelity of implementation was as hypothesized, but the low number of schools and limited variability made the findings...
A Method of Deriving Euler's Equation in the Calculus of Variations

(1908). A Method of Deriving Euler's Equation in the Calculus of Variations. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 47-54.
Discussing Firearm Ownership and Access as Part of Suicide Risk Assessment and Prevention: “Means Safety” versus “Means Restriction”

The goal of this study was to describe the relative utility of the terms “means safety” versus “means restriction” in counseling individuals to limit their access to firearms in the context of a mock suicide risk assessment. Overall, 370 participants were randomized to read a vignette depicting a clinical scenario in which managing firearm ownership and access was discussed either using the term “means safety” or “means restriction.” Participants rated the term “means safety” as significantly more acceptable and preferable than “means restriction.” Participants randomized to the “means safety” condition reported greater intentions to adhere to clinicians’ recommendations to limit access to a firearm for safety purposes (F[1,367] = 7.393, p = .007, ). The term “means safety” may be more advantageous than “means restriction” when discussing firearm ownership and access in clinical settings and public health-oriented suicide prevention efforts.
Brain-heart interactions: challenges and opportunities with functional magnetic resonance imaging at ultra-high field

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at ultra-high field (UHF) strengths (7 T and above) offers unique opportunities for studying the human brain with increased spatial resolution, contrast and sensitivity. However, its reliability can be compromised by factors such as head motion, image distortion and non-neural fluctuations of the functional MRI signal. The objective of this review is to provide a critical discussion of the advantages and trade-offs associated with UHF imaging, focusing on the application to studying brain–heart interactions. We describe how UHF MRI may provide contrast and resolution benefits for measuring neural activity of regions involved in the control and mediation of autonomic processes, and in delineating such regions based on anatomical MRI contrast. Limitations arising from confounding signals are discussed, including challenges with distinguishing non-neural physiological effects from the neural signals of interest that reflect cardiorespiratory function. We also consider how recently developed data analysis techniques may be applied to high-field imaging data to uncover novel information about brain–heart interactions.
Measurement and analysis of 220 kV transformer vibration in extremely cold region

Aiming at the fault diagnosis for large-scale transformer,this paper expounds the significance of vibration measurement,analyzes the mechanism and causes of transformer vibration,proposes system and plan for the measurement,and selects the data acquisition system for the measurement of transformer vibration in extremely cold region,a system which works out the vibration trend of the measuring point with the change of winding current and local temperature and accumulates fingerprint data of 220 kV transformer vibration operating well in extremely cold region,which provides references for the development of transformer vibration measurement.
Comparison of Southern transfer hybridization and dot filter hybridization for detection of cervical human papillomavirus infection with types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, and 35.

A commercial dot filter hybridization kit (Virapap® Kit) was compared with Southern transfer hybridization for the detection of seven types of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical specimens from 450 consecutive females attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic. In comparison with Southern transfer hybridization, performed with the same probes used in the dot filter kit, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of dot filter hybridization were 90%, 94%, 74%, and 98%, respectively. Among patients with cervical cytologic dysplasia, HPV DNA was detected in 44% by dot filter hybridization and in 35% by Southern transfer hybridization. Although 26% of specimens positive by dot filter hybridization were not confirmed by Southern transfer hybridization, cervical dysplasia was detected in 5 (25%) of 20 with HPV DNA detected by dot filter hybridization alone, compared with 25 (8%) of those with no definitive evidence of HPV by either method (P = 0.009) and with 16 (30%) of 53 with HPV DNA detected by both methods (P = 0.7). The kappa statistic for interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility for interpretation of blots was similar for the two methods. The dot filter hybridization method evaluated appears to be a satisfactory alternative to Southern transfer hybridization for detection of HPV DNA.
Kinetics of in vitro immune responses of T and B cells during tolerance induction by sirolimus.

Objectives The purpose of the study presented herein was to examine immune performances of rat heart allograft recipients immunosuppressed with sirolimus (SRL, rapamycin; Rapamune, Wyeth-Ayerst, Princeton, NJ). Methods The immune performances of lymphocytes harvested from SRL-treated Wistar Furth (WF; RT1u) recipients of Buffalo (BUF; RT1b) heart allografts were examined on days 7, 14, and 90 postgrafting. Results Whether derived from normal WF rats, SRL-treated WF heart recipients, or SRL-untreated WF heart recipients, pan-T cell population purified from the lymph nodes or spleens on day 7 or 14 displayed similar responses to phytohemaglutinin, anti-T cell receptor R73 monoclonal antibody, donor-type BUF, or third-party Brown Norway alloantigenic stimulators. There was no in vitro evidence of suppressor T cells in SRL-treated recipients. The frequencies of anti-BUF-specific cytotoxic T cells, as shown by limiting dilution analysis, were similar in the short- (days 7 or 14) and in the long- (day 90) term surviving recipients. SRL treatment did not affect the expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) by T helper 1 (Th1) or of IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA by Th2 cells on days 7 and 14 postgrafting, but did induce selective activation of Th2 cells on day 60 postgrafting. Administration of SRL induced the production of non-complement (C')-fixing IgG2c BUF-specific alloantibodies that appeared in the sera of unresponsive recipients on day 14 postgrafting and reached a peak concentration on day 120 postgrafting. In contrast to untreated recipients that rejected BUF heart allografts, all SRL-treated WF recipients failed to produce C'-fixing BUF-specific alloantibodies. Conclusions SRL promotes long-term selective activation of Th2 cells and the production of non-C'-fixing IgG2c blocking antibodies.
Modified spiral shaped defected ground structure with spurious free band rejection performance

A modified spiral-shaped Defected Ground Structure (M-DGS) loaded on Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) transmission line is proposed in this letter. By removing the inner spiral turns from the conventional spiral-shaped DGS (C-DGS), spurious-free band-stop performance is achieved in a wide passband. The final testing structure cascaded six M-DGS cells to enhance the band-rejection behavior. Repeated measurements show that the notch depth is greater than −50dB at 3.64GHz within an area of 1.5 by 13mm2. Insertion loss is under 3dB with no other harmonics up to 10GHz. For comparison purposes, C-DGS test structures with different numbers of removed spiral turns are also designed to validate the theory that the resonate frequency of a spiral-shaped DGS cell is dominantly controlled by the outermost spiral turn and each inner spiral turn contributes to the harmonics as well as some effect on the resonant frequencies and bandwidths.
Combustion Chemistry of Ethanol: Ignition and Speciation Studies in a Rapid Compression Facility.

Ethanol remains the most important alternative fuel for the transportation sector. This work presents new experimental data on ethanol ignition, including stable species measurements, obtained with the University of Michigan rapid compression facility. Ignition delay times were determined from pressure histories of ignition experiments with stoichiometric ethanol–air mixtures at pressures of ∼3–10 atm. Temperatures (880–1150 K) were controlled by varying buffer gas composition (Ar, N2, CO2). High-speed imaging was used to record chemiluminescence during the experiments, which showed homogeneous ignition events. The results for ignition delay time agreed well with trends on the basis of previous experimental measurements. Speciation experiments were performed using fast gas sampling and gas chromatography to identify and quantify ethanol and 11 stable intermediate species formed during the ignition delay period. Simulations were carried out using a chemical kinetic mechanism available in the literature, an...
Modeling and mapping forest diversity in the boreal forest of interior Alaska

Patterns of forest diversity are less well known in the boreal forest of interior Alaska than in most ecosystems of North America. Proactive forest planning requires spatially accurate information about forest diversity. Modeling is a cost-efficient way of predicting key forest diversity measures as a function of human and environmental factors. Investigate and predict the patterns and processes in tree species and tree size-class diversity within the boreal forest of Alaska for a first mapped quantitative baseline. For the boreal forest of Alaska, USA, we employed Random Forest Analysis (machine learning) and the Boruta algorithm in R to predict tree species and tree size-class diversity for the entire region using a combination of forest inventory data and a suite of 30 predictors from public open-access data archives that included climatic, distance, and topographic variables. We developed prediction maps in a GIS for the current levels (Year 2012) of tree size-class and species diversity. The method employed here yielded good accuracy for the huge Alaskan landscape despite the exclusion of spectral reflectance data. It’s the first quantified GIS prediction baseline. The results indicate that the geographic pattern of tree species diversity differs from the pattern of tree size-class diversity across this forest type. The results suggest that human factors combined with topographical factors had a large impact on predicting the patterns of diversity in the boreal forest of interior Alaska.
Cardiometabolic Syndrome in SCI: The Role of Physical Deconditioning and Evidence-Based Countermeasures

Persons with spinal cord injuries and disorders (SCI/D) frequently experience component and coalesced health risks of the cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS). The CMS hazards of overweight/obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia—the latter as depressed high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and elevated triglycerides—are strongly associated with physical deconditioning, which is common after SCI/D and worsens the prognosis for all-cause cardiovascular disease occurring early after SCI/D. Evidence supports a role for physical activity after SCI/D as an effective countermeasure to these risks, and often represents the first-line approach to CMS abatement. This evidence is supported by authoritative guidelines that recommend specific activities, frequencies, and activities of work. In many cases, the most effective exercise programming uses a combination of resistance and endurance maneuvers with limited rest taken between sets. As SCI/D is also associated with food intake that is excessive in calories and saturated fat, more comprehensive lifestyle management incorporating both exercise and nutrition represents a favored approach for overall health management. Irrespective of the interventional strategy, improved surveillance of the population for CMS risks and encouraged incorporation of moderate exercise and nutritional intake by health care professionals may play an important role in preservation of activity, optimal health, and preserved independence throughout the lifespan.
Integrating CSPAP into the PETE Programs at Southern Connecticut State University and Central Connecticut State University

Collaboration among state legislators, Central Connecticut State University (CCSU) and Southern Connecticut State University (SCSU) faculty, community leaders, teachers and school administrators is currently taking place in Connecticut to make it a physically active state through PASS (Physically Active Schools Systems). PASS is a comprehensive, system-wide initiative through which school districts in the state of Connecticut utilize opportunities for school-based physical activity that is embedded throughout the school day. However, a quality physical education program taught by a licensed physical educator must be at the core of PASS. CCSU and SCSU under the direction of Carol M. Ciotto and Marybeth H. Fede, respectively, are preparing their preservice teachers to not only understand the benefits of physically active school systems but also to be able to effectively implement a physically active program within various field experiences and their student teaching placement and eventually in their full-ti...
Force-Induced remnant magnetization spectroscopy for magnetic sensing with molecular specificity

M noncovalent bonds are the foundation for many key processes in the life sciences and medical diagnostics, such as DNA replication, enzyme catalysis, and cellular uptake. Magnetic labeling with nanoparticles and optical labeling with fluorescent dyes are major avenues to probe the molecules involved in noncovalent bonds. Compared to optical sensing which uses a wavelength parameter to achieve molecular and cellular specificity, magnetic detection has no analogous parameter. To solve this problem, we develop a spectroscopic technique based on the binding force between the probe molecules labeled with magnetic nanoparticles and the receptor molecules on cell surface. This force-induced remnant magnetization spectroscopy (FIRMS) measures the magnetization of the magnetic nanoparticles as a function of the binding force between the magneticallylabeled probe molecules and the target molecules. Molecular specificity is achieved from the spectrum of magnetization vs. binding force. We will demonstrate this novel concept by investigating the reversible binding between biotin and streptavidin, and between biotin and avidin, using various forms of forces. Because magnetic labeling, unlike optical labeling, can be employed under opaque conditions, the addition of molecular specificity afforded by the FIRMS technique will lead to quantitative molecular and cellular imaging for diagnostics at practical settings.
Trigonometric sums and fresnel-type integrals

If the partial sums of a trigonometric series are non-negative and two additional conditions are satisfied, then the given series is a Fourier series. One of these conditions is analysed here and necessary expansions and numerical values are given.
Imputation-Based Genomic Coverage Assessments of Current Genotyping Arrays: Illumina HumanCore, OmniExpress, Multi-Ethnic global array and sub-arrays, Global Screening Array, Omni2.5M, Omni5M, and Affymetrix UK Biobank

Genotyping arrays have been widely adopted as an efficient means to interrogate variation across the human genome. Genetic variants may be observed either directly, via genotyping, or indirectly, through linkage disequilibrium with a genotyped variant. The total proportion of genomic variation captured by an array, either directly or indirectly, is referred to as “genomic coverage.” Here we use genotype imputation and Phase 3 of the 1000 Genomes Project to assess genomic coverage of several modern genotyping arrays. We find that in general, coverage increases with increasing array density. However, arrays designed to cover specific populations may yield better coverage in those populations compared to denser arrays not tailored to the given population. Ultimately, array choice involves trade-offs between cost, density, and coverage, and our work helps inform investigators weighing these choices and trade-offs.
Effective online software anomaly detection

While automatic online software anomaly detection is crucial for ensuring the quality of production software, current techniques are mostly inefficient and ineffective. For online software, its inputs are usually provided by the users at runtime and the validity of the outputs cannot be automatically verified without a predefined oracle. Furthermore, some online anomalous behavior may be caused by the anomalies in the execution context, rather than by any code defect, which are even more difficult to detect. Existing approaches tackle this problem by identifying certain properties observed from the executions of the software during a training process and using them to monitor online software behavior. However, they may require a large execution overhead for monitoring the properties, which limits the applicability of these approaches for online monitoring. We present a methodology that applies effective algorithms to select a close to optimal set of anomaly-revealing properties, which enables online anomaly detection with minimal execution overhead. Our empirical results show that an average of 76.5% of anomalies were detected by using at most 5.5% of execution overhead.
SedInConnect: a stand-alone, free and open source tool for the assessment of sediment connectivity

Abstract There is a growing call, within the scientific community, for solid theoretic frameworks and usable indices/models to assess sediment connectivity. Connectivity plays a significant role in characterizing structural properties of the landscape and, when considered in combination with forcing processes (e.g., rainfall-runoff modelling), can represent a valuable analysis for an improved landscape management. In this work, the authors present the development and application of SedInConnect: a free, open source and stand-alone application for the computation of the Index of Connectivity (IC), as expressed in Cavalli et al. (2013) with the addition of specific innovative features. The tool is intended to have a wide variety of users, both from the scientific community and from the authorities involved in the environmental planning. Thanks to its open source nature, the tool can be adapted and/or integrated according to the users' requirements. Furthermore, presenting an easy-to-use interface and being a stand-alone application, the tool can help management experts in the quantitative assessment of sediment connectivity in the context of hazard and risk assessment. An application to a sample dataset and an overview on up-to-date applications of the approach and of the tool shows the development potential of such analyses. The modelled connectivity, in fact, appears suitable not only to characterize sediment dynamics at the catchment scale but also to integrate prediction models and as a tool for helping geomorphological interpretation.
A BET bromodomain inhibitor suppresses adiposity-associated malignant transformation

Almost half a million of all new cancers have been attributed to obesity and epidemiologic evidence implicates visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and high-fat diets (HFD) in increasing cancer risk. We demonstrated that VAT-derived fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) from mice fed an HFD or obese individuals stimulates the malignant transformation of epithelial cells. Mechanism-based strategies to prevent this VAT-enhanced tumorigenesis have not been explored. Clinical studies have indicated that bromodomain inhibitors have considerable potential as therapeutic agents for cancer by inhibiting the activity of several oncogenes, including c-Myc; however, their chemopreventive activity is unknown. We show herein that mice with visceral adiposity have elevated nuclear c-Myc expression in their epidermis. We hypothesized that the bromodomain inhibitor I-BET-762 (I-BET) would have efficacy in the prevention of malignant transformation by VAT and FGF2. We tested this hypothesis using our novel models of VAT-stimulated transformation in vitro and FGF2- stimulated tumor formation in vivo We found that I-BET significantly attenuates VAT and FGF2-stimulated transformation and inhibits VAT-induced c-Myc protein expression in several skin and breast epithelial cell lines. Moreover, I-BET attenuated tumor growth significantly in FGF2-treated nude mice. Work is ongoing to determine the role of visceral adiposity in c-Myc activity in several tissues and determine the inhibitory effect of I-BET on VAT-promoted tumors in vivoCancer Prev Res; 11(3); 129-42. ©2017 AACRSee related editorial by Berger and Scacheri, p. 125.
Dietary management of gastrointestinal disorders.

Transit, digestion and absorption of food represent a complex interplay of mechanisms by which the body alters food into suitable form to permit its utilization. Conversely, food may alter the body by its effects on the gastrointestinal tract. In the daily exercise to maintain adequate nutrition and satiation, man constantly is exposing himself to a variety of nutritious and non-nutritious chemical agents. Gastrointestinal dieto-therapy is designed to direct the patient to a proper diet to promote health and prevent injury. This may consist of the avoidance of foods that in certain persons may cause illness, or alternatively, dietotherapy may be used as a guide to certain eating habits that likely will improve intestinal function.
Commercial 4G LTE cellular networks for supporting emerging IoT applications

This paper presents a detailed realistic performance analysis and feasibility assessment of commercial LTE cellular networks when used to support a diverse set of emerging IoT applications ranging from mission-critical applications that require ultra-reliable and stringent E2E latency to those that require support of massive number of connected devices with relaxed latency and reliability requirements (e. g., smart meters). Since total uplink (UL) traffic of most of these IoT applications is higher than total downlink (DL) traffic, we focus our analysis only on UL performance. It is shown that current commercial 4G LTE systems can't support emerging mission-critical IoT applications with latency requirements of less than 100 ms. 4G LTE systems can satisfy the requirements of IoT applications when latency requirements are > 150 ms.
Creep Behavior of Quinary γ ′-Strengthened Co-Based Superalloys

First-principles DFT methods are combined with an experimental approach to characterize the creep behavior of quinary Co-based L1 $$_2$$ -containing superalloys at elevated temperature conditions. Temperature-dependent SISF energies have been modeled, combining 0 K formation energies with vibrational free energy calculations to assess deformation mechanisms at finite temperature. Two different Co-Al-W alloys, containing the maximum possible amount of DFT-identified d-block alloying additions, were identified and cast as single crystals via the Bridgman process. Creep tests have been performed at two primary testing conditions, one at 900 $$^\circ $$ C and the other at 982 $$^\circ $$ C. Transmission scanning electron microscopy (TSEM) was performed at 30 kV in a scanning electron microscope to rapidly characterize the defect substructures. We observe a coupled APB/SISF/APB defect structure in Co-based superalloys at the low-temperature condition, similar to the defect structure observed in CoNi, in spite of containing no Ni. At 982 $$^\circ $$ C, there is no evidence of faults and precipitates instead contain antiphase boundaries. The role of composition and temperature-dependent fault energies in the deformation process is addressed.
Genetic Algorithms in Problem Space for Sequencing Problems

In this paper, genetic algorithms will be developed for sequencing type problems of importance in manufacturing systems. The proposed algorithms are based on an auxiliary problem domain called “problem space” [15, 17]. Problem space provides a framework in which problem-specific information can be incorporated explicitly into local search heuristics. The proposed space has been found to be well suited for search by genetic algorithms perhaps because standard crossover can be used. In this paper, properties of problem space will be discussed, then three test cases will be presented which illustrate the usefulness of the method. The test problems we present are 1) the number partitioning problem, 2) the classic job shop scheduling problem (JSP) with minimum makespan as the objective, and 3) the “standard cell placement problem” which arises in the design of VLSI circuits.
Version 3 of the national Alzheimer's coordinating center's uniform data set

Introduction In 2015, the US Alzheimer's Disease Centers (ADC) implemented Version 3 of the Uniform Data Set (UDS). This paper describes the history of Version 3 development and the UDS data that are freely available to researchers. Methods UDS Version 3 was developed after years of coordination between the National Institute on Aging-appointed Clinical Task Force (CTF), clinicians from ∼30 ADCs, and the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC). The CTF recognized the need for updates to align with the state of the science in dementia research, while being flexible to the diverse needs and diseases studied at the ADCs. Version 3 also developed a nonproprietary neuropsychological battery. Results This paper focuses on the substantial Version 3 changes to the UDS forms related to clinical diagnosis and characterization of clinical symptoms to match updated consensus-based diagnostic criteria. Between March 2015 and March 2018, 4820 participants were enrolled using UDS Version 3. Longitudinal data were available for 25,337 of the 37,568 total participants using all UDS versions. Discussion The results from utilization of the UDS highlight the possibility for numerous research institutions to successfully collaborate, produce, and use standardized data collection instruments for over a decade.
New therapeutics based on emerging concepts in pulmonary fibrosis

Introduction: Fibrosis is an irreversible pathological endpoint in many chronic diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and often fatal conditio...
Rapid cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) using an ultra-high frame rate imaging photon counting detector (PCD) with 100 µm resolution

Photon counting detectors (PCDs) with their low noise, high spatial and contrast resolution, and dual energy imaging capabilities are shown to be prospective candidates for Cone-Beam CT (CBCT) vascular imaging. The ultra-high frame rate capability of such detectors can enable CBCT at scan speeds far greater than that of current CBCT scanners which can only go up to about 0.14 rev/s (50 degrees/sec) compared to current multislice CT scanners that can achieve 3-4 rev/s. XCounter’s Actaeon PCD with frame rates up to 1000 fps can achieve CBCT scans at multi-slice CT scanner rates. The CdTe Actaeon PCD with pixel pitch of 100 μm and dual energy direct acquisition capability has built-in electronic anti-charge sharing correction. CBCT of a moving wire was demonstrated with the Actaeon PCD at these higher speeds and shown to be able to eliminate the effect of acquisition system image motion blur. Also a patient-specific 3D printed vascular phantom with a stent deployed was imaged at high frame rates using the Actaeon for CBCT acquisition with reconstruction using an FDK algorithm and the maximum intensity projection images clearly showed individual strut detail. This feasibility study will lead to exploration of new possibilities of high frame-rate imaging with PCDs and their potential applications.
AnDrone: Virtual Drone Computing in the Cloud

With the continued proliferation of drones, unmanned aerial vehicles, additional uses for them are growing and the demand for their services is on the rise. We present AnDrone, a drone-as-a-service solution that makes drones accessible in the cloud. AnDrone pairs a cloud service with the first drone virtualization architecture. This enables a physical drone to run multiple virtual drones simultaneously in an isolated and secure manner at little additional cost, as computational costs are cheap compared to the operational and energy costs of putting a drone in the air. AnDrone virtualizes drones using a novel Linux container architecture. Android Things virtual drone containers provide a familiar user and development environment that can run existing Android apps. A real-time Linux flight controller container supports existing drone flight software and provides virtual drones with geofenced flight control. A device container transparently multiplexes access from virtual drones to a full range of drone hardware devices, including cameras and other sensors. Upon flight completion, virtual drones and their data can be uploaded to the cloud for offline access. We have implemented an AnDrone prototype based on Raspberry Pi 3 drone hardware. We demonstrate that it incurs minimal runtime performance and energy overhead, supports real-time virtual drone flight control, and runs untrusted third-party software in virtual drones in a secure manner while ensuring that the service provider maintains control of the drone hardware.