cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MRI Anatomical Correlates of Reading and Language Deficits

Neuroanatomical correlates of developmental dyslexia (DD), defined by isolated reading deficits, and specific language impairment (SLI), defined by poor receptive and expressive language skills, were examined using MR imaging in a heterogeneous sample of 14 boys and 8 girls (11-16 yers of age) with learning disabilities, in a study at University of Florida; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; and other centers.
The Role of Floral Density in Determining Bee Foraging Behavior: A Natural Experiment

Animal-pollinated plants depend on sequential pollinator visits to conspecifics for successful reproduction. Therefore, in co-flowering plant communities, the proportion of visits to a focal plant species in individual pollinator foraging bouts determines reproductive outcomes for that species. We investigated the factors determining bee visits to the plant Astragalus scaphoides within foraging bouts in a natural multispecies community in the northern Rocky Mountains. We found that both conspecific and heterospecific floral density influenced the proportion of visits to A. scaphoides during foraging bouts, but these effects of floral density differed among two abundant bee groups. Our field observations reject the null expectation that bees visit plant species in direct proportion to their relative floral densities. Bombus consistently visited A. scaphoides more than expected, while solitary bees of the genera Anthophora and Eucera exhibited a nonlinear response to floral density.
Factors Affecting the Development and Severity of Goss’s Bacterial Wilt and Leaf Blight of Corn, Caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis

Goss's bacterial wilt and leaf blight, which is caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis, is a disease of corn (Zea mays) that has been increasingly reported across the Midwest since its reemergence in western Nebraska, northeastern Colorado, and southeastern Wyoming during the 2006 growing season. The objective of this study was to identify environmental and agronomic factors contributing to the incidence of the disease across the Corn Belt through a multistate survey conducted during the 2011 growing season. Of the 2,400 surveys distributed throughout nine states, 486 were returned with corn leaf samples, of which 70% tested positive for C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The agronomic data associated with each field were analyzed using classification and regression tree and random forest analyses to identify the factors that contributed most to Goss's bacterial wilt and leaf blight development. A χ2 test of independence was also done to determine relationships between certain variables and disease incidence. The two best predictors of Goss's bacterial wilt and leaf blight were hybrid resistance to Goss's bacterial wilt and leaf blight, as indicated by the seed companies' score and a planting population density >67,500 plants ha-1. Other important predictors included longitude, planting date, crop rotation, percent residue, yield history, tillage, and growth stage. Relationships between glyphosate applications, foliar fungicide applications, and corn rootworm beetle with samples testing positive for C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis were also detected. These data contribute to our understanding of factors that increase the risk of Goss's bacterial wilt and leaf blight, and should enable more effective management practices to be adopted or developed.
ISCCP cloud based verification of CMIP5 climate simulations

Clouds are a highly important part of the climate system, and have a large impact on the radiation balance, temperature, and the precipitation of a region, as well as the regional and global circulation, and the vertical and horizontal transport of both moisture and energy. The International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) clouds were used to verify the simulation of clouds over North America in the Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM) run in CMIP5 experiments. The modeled clouds resemble the observed spatial-temporal distribution of clouds including low (high) amounts of cloud cover over the ocean (continent), while the model tends to underestimate cloud cover in general.
Adaptive Pilot Design for Massive MIMO HetNets with Wireless Backhaul

In this paper, we investigate the problem of pilot optimization, resource allocation, and user association in a massive MIMO heterogeneous network (HetNet) with wireless backhaul (WB) and linear processing. The objective is to maximize the sum downlink rate of all users, subject to constraints on data rate of WB and fairness-aware constraints. Such a problem is formulated as an integer programming problem with both coupled variables and coupled constraints. We first develop a centralized scheme in which we decompose the original problem into two subproblems and iteratively solve them until convergence to achieve a near-optimal solution. We then propose a distributed scheme by formulating a repeated game among all users and prove that the game converges to a Nash Equilibrium (NE). Simulation studies show that the proposed schemes are adaptive to different network scenarios and traffic patterns, and achieve considerable gains over several benchmark schemes.
Modified use of real-time PCR detection of group B Streptococcus in pregnancy.

The CDC recommends antenatal screening of vaginal/rectal samples for Streptococcus agalactiae at 35–37 weeks' gestation, with intra-partum antibiotic prophylaxis for positive cases. We tested a modified use of the Cepheid Xpert GBS real-time PCR kit on enrichment cultures from 554 vaginal/rectal swabs compared to the current subculturing gold standard method. Swabs were inoculated on polymyxin nalidixic acid agar plates, and Todd–Hewitt enrichment broth cultures were examined daily for growth. Todd–Hewitt broth culture was also used for Xpert GBS. There was 92.06 % agreement between the subculture and PCR methods. Sensitivity of Xpert GBS was 100 %, specificity was 89.40 %, positive predictive value was 75.96 % and negative predictive value was 100 %. Colonization incidence was higher with younger (≤24 years) or older (≥35 years) maternal age. Modified use of the Cepheid Xpert GBS would assist rapid diagnosis of S. agalactiae colonization and facilitate timely and appropriate assignment to intra-partum antibiotic prophylaxis.
Association between bullying and pediatric psychiatric hospitalizations

Objectives:Bullying is a serious public health issue. We sought to demonstrate an association between bullying victimization and hospital admissions for acute psychiatric problems. We described the demographics and types of bullying in a sample of hospitalized patients in Staten Island, NY, and compared bullying victimization scores with psychiatric versus medical admissions.Methods:Patients in grades 3–12 were recruited from the Staten Island University Hospital Inpatient Pediatrics unit and emergency department. Patients completed the validated Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBQ) was analyzed to formulate a report of bullying in our sample as well as a sub-score measurement of bullying victimization. Pediatric residents simultaneously documented whether the subject was a medical versus an in-patient psychiatry admission. Statistical analysis was performed to look for an association between the victimization sub-score and a psychiatric indication for admission.Results:A total of 185 surveys were anal...
Genetic Modifiers in Neurodegeneration

To review the evidence for genetic modifier effects in the neurodegenerative diseases: Huntington’s disease (HD), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Increasingly, we understand human disease genetics less through the lens of single-locus/single-trait effects, and more through that of polygenic contributions to disease risk. In addition, specific examples of genetic modifier effects of the chromosome 7 gene TMEM106B on various target genes including those causal for Mendelian classes of FTLD—GRN and c9orf72—have emerged from both genetic cohort studies and mechanistic examinations of biological pathways. Here, we summarize the literature reporting genetic modifier effects in HD, FTLD, AD, and PD. We further contextualize reported genetic modifier effects in these diseases in terms of insight they may lend to the concept of a polygenic landscape for the major neurodegenerative diseases.
Experimental Considerations for Modeling Galvanic Corrosion in Aluminum and Its Alloys

In this paper, experimental data are compared for an aluminum/copper galvanic system with model predictions from a commercially available software package. The experimental data consisted of optica...
Clustering Based on Density Estimation

One of the clustering techniques discussed in chapter 1, nearest neighbor, has chaining tendencies; that is, the procedure can result in elongated clusters. The nearest neighbor technique is not a variance constraint technique such as those discussed in section 1.6.
Time-Dependent Problems

We now give a brief introduction to time-dependent problems through the equations of elastodynamics for infinitesimal deformations.
A Comparative-Developmental Approach to Understanding Imitation

Imitation is so often an untractable phenomenon for comparative psychologists that some have declared the task of defining it hopeless. Yet commonalities in examples of imitation suggest that imitation is a coherent concept. To evaluate its meaning and significance, I examine the conception of imitation in accounts by four authors who have systematically investigated imitation: James Mark Baldwin, Conwy Lloyd Morgan, Paul Guillaume, and Jean Piaget. Each of these authors elucidates different stages or levels in the development of imitation which indicate significantly different psychological capacities in the production of imitation. The similarities between these developmental frameworks are remarkable (though differences are apparent), but the conceptions of imitation provided by these authors show some distinct differences. To offer a coherent account of imitation, I analyze it conceptually and offer necessary and sufficient criteria for its occurrence. I claim that imitation occurs when something C (the copy) is produced by an organism and/or machine, where: C is similar to something else M (the model); registration of M is necessary for the production of C; and C is designed to be similar to M. This definition offers formal criteria for imitation per se, but does not differentiate qualitatively different types of imitation. Thus, using and developing the accounts of Baldwin, Morgan, Guillaume, and Piaget, I depict five nested levels of imitation, such that imitation at each level is produced by a program which incorporates control over programs in preceding levels. I provide examples of imitation by humans and non-humans at each of these levels. These five levels of imitation are distinguished by the processes which bring about the imitation: first-level imitations are based on evolution, selection, and morphogenesis; second-level, on perception and action; third-level, on learning; fourth-level, on self-awareness; and fifth-level, on planning and the awareness of another’s awareness. Imitation, then, is a conceptually coherent phenomenon with various manifestations, which result from processes at different but hierarchically related levels.
Implications of De Minimis Risk Concepts for OSHA

The legal framework provided by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 and by subsequent Supreme Court decisions interpreting that law are a logical starting point for discussion of de minimis risk concepts and their application in OSHA. If we work initially in that legal dimension, the social, ethical, and practical dimensions will quickly become apparent. In these remarks, I hope to point out where de minimis concepts have been successfully applied already, and to point toward program areas where they may apply in the future.
Early Readmission After Ventricular Shunting in Adults with Hydrocephalus: A Nationwide Readmission Database Analysis

Background Ventricular shunting is one of the primary modalities for addressing hydrocephalus in both children and adults. Despite advances in shunt technology and surgical practices, shunt failure is a persistent challenge for neurosurgeons, and shunt revisions account for a substantial proportion of all shunt-related procedures. There are a wealth of studies elucidating failure patterns and patient demographics in pediatric cohorts; however, data in adults are less uniform. We sought to determine the rates of all-cause and shunt failure readmission in adults who underwent the insertion of a ventricular shunt. Methods We queried the Nationwide Readmissions Database from 2010 to 2014 to evaluate new ventricular shunts placed in adults with hydrocephalus. We sought to determine the rates of all-cause and shunt revision-related readmissions and to characterize factors associated with readmissions. We analyzed predictors including patient demographics, hospital characteristics, shunt type, and hydrocephalus cause. Results Analysis included 24,492 initial admissions for shunt placement in patients with hydrocephalus. Of patients, 9.17% required a shunt revision within the first 6 months; half of all revisions occurred within the first 41 days. There were 4044 (16.50%) 30-day and 5758 (28.8%) 90-day all-cause readmissions. In multivariable analysis, patients with a ventriculopleural shunt, Medicare insurance, and younger age had increased likelihood for shunt revision. Notable predictors for all-cause readmission were insurance type, length of hospitalization, age, comorbidities, and hydrocephalus cause. Conclusions Most shunt revisions occurred during the first 2 months. Readmissions occurred frequently. We identified patient factors that were associated with all-cause and shunt failure readmissions.
A physician-led team approach to improve advance directive completion rates in an inpatient oncology unit.

e18271Background: Advance care planning (ACP) ensures that patients receive care which is consistent with their beliefs and preferences. Advance directive (AD) completion is an important part of th...
Normative Bridges and Barriers in the Framing of Emerging Sports Movements

Why have some small, emerging sports communities grown faster than others? To begin answering this question, the analysis presented here considers the case of disc golf, a flying disc sport that ha...
On modeling interchannel dependency for color image denoising: Articles

In this article, we study the modeling of interchannel dependency and its application into removing additive noise from corrupted color images. We start from an ad hoc spatially invariant linear interpolative model for characterizing color-difference and demonstrate how it can be jointly used with a variational intrachannel dependency model to suppress noise by alternating projections. Then we present two nonlinear diffusion-based models in the color-difference domain and suggest their spatial adaptation property better matches the class of images with strong chromatic edges. The diversity of interchannel dependency models also motivates us to fuse multiple denoised images from different models to obtain better denoised results. Experimental results are reported to justify the importance of matching the hypothesized dependency model with observation data as well as the benefit of multihypothesis fusion. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 17, 163–173, 2007
A Longitudinal Analysis of Nurse Suicide in the United States (2005–2016) With Recommendations for Action

BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated nurses are at risk of suicide. This is the first national longitudinal study of U.S. nurse suicide. AIMS To identify the longitudinal incidence, method, and risks of nurse suicide in the United States. METHODS 2005 to 2016 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Violent Death Reporting System retrospective analysis of suicide incident rate ratios (IRR). RESULTS A total of 1,824 nurse and 152,495 non-nurse suicides were evaluated. Nurses were at greater risk of suicide than the general population (female IRR 1.395, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.323, 1.470, p < .001; male IRR 1.205, 95% CI 1.083, 1.338, p < .001). Female nurses who completed suicide did so most frequently by pharmacologic poisoning (n = 399, 27.2% vs. n = 8,843, 26.9%), whereby male nurses and the general public used firearms (n = 148, 41.7% vs. n = 57,887, 48.4%). Job problems were more likely in nurses (female odds ratio [OR] 1.989, 95% CI 1.695, 2.325, p < .001; male OR 1.814, 95% CI 1.380, 2.359, p < .001), as well as mental health history (female OR 1.126, 95% CI 1.013, 1.253, p < .027; male OR 1.302, 95% CI 1.048, 1.614, p = .016) and leaving a suicide note (female OR 1.221, 95% CI 1.096, 1.360, p < .001; male OR 1.756 [1.412, 2.181], p < .001). LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION The increased risk of suicide in nurses is congruent with previous reports. The consistency in results increases confidence that findings are generalizable and warrant action. The use of pharmacologic poisoning as a method of suicide, most often by opioids and benzodiazepines, indicates a need for improved identification and treatment of nurses with substance use. Workplace wellness programs need to focus on reducing workplace stressors. Further research is indicated to determine best prevention methods. Policy indications include the need to accurately track gender in nursing, enhance substance use disorder programs, and mandate suicide prevention activities.
Welcoming new Americans?: local governments and immigrant incorporation: by Abigail Fisher Williamson, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 2018, x+389pp., $32.50 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-226-57265-9

In a little noticed decision announced in mid-March, 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court declined to review two federal appellate decisions that struck down local immigration enforcement ordinances in Haz...
Variation in b-sigmoids with flow regime transitions in support of a new 3-segment DCA method: Improved production forecasting for tight oil and gas wells

Abstract This study uses a commercial reservoir simulator to generate production rate data for shale wells with systematic variations in fracture treatment design parameters using a plausible range of reservoir properties. The synthetic well data is then used to generate diagnostic log-rate log-time plots, which allow for a distinction of four types of flow regimes. Such a distinction of flow regimes is of practical relevance, because of the inverse link with reservoir properties and fracture treatment design parameters. Each flow regime has a characteristic slope, which traditionally has been attributed to typical flow conditions in the reservoir. The synthetic production data from the reservoir simulator are used to constrain b-sigmoid patterns for narrow discrete time increments of production (1 month) throughout the various flow regimes occurring during the economic life of each synthetic well model. Nearly a hundred different models were generated as a basis for our analysis. From the analysis of the DCA parameters for time series, using the difference in inverse of decline rates (loss ratio) for two adjacent time steps, it appears possible to recognize systematic shifts in the instantaneous decline rates and temporal b-values. In particular, the generated b-value patterns (b-sigmoids) appear diagnostic for flow regime changes recognized on diagnostic log-rate log-time plots. The results demonstrate that it is possible, based on well design and reservoir parameters, to establish correlation trends between b-sigmoids and flow regime changes using time series of the DCA parameters. The results are subsequently used to improve the accuracy of a modified 3-segment DCA method based on Arps equation. The proposed method is applied to synthetic production data, generated based on an Eagle Ford shale oil well (with known reservoir and fracture properties), to demonstrate the practical value for production forecasting and reserves estimation. This research paper paves the way for wider, future application of the methods described.
Effect of Used Motor Oil as a Rejuvenator on Crumb Rubber Modifier’s Released Components to Asphalt Binder

Asphalt binder modification by crumb rubber modifier (CRM) could enhance its rheological properties at high and intermediate temperatures by increasing its stiffness and elasticity. To obtain a mod...
Association of the invasive Haemaphysalis longicornis tick with vertebrate hosts, other native tick vectors, and tick-borne pathogens in New York City

Haemaphysalis longicornis, the Asian longhorned tick, is an invasive ixodid tick that has rapidly spread across the northeastern and southeastern regions of the United States since first reported in 2017. The emergence of H. longicornis presents a potential threat for livestock, wildlife, and human health as the host associations and vector potential of this invasive pest in the United States are poorly understood. Previous field data from the United States has shown that H. longicornis was not associated with natural populations of small mammals or birds, but they show a preference for medium sized mammals in laboratory experiments. Therefore, medium and large sized mammals were sampled on Staten Island, New York to determine H. longicornis host associations and vector potential for a range of human and veterinary pathogens. A total of 97 hosts were sampled and five species of tick (Amblyomma americanum, Dermacentor variabilis, H. longicornis, Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes cookei) were found feeding concurrently on these hosts. Haemaphysalis longicornis was found in the highest proportions compared to other native tick species on raccoons (55.4%), Virginia opossums (28.9%), and white-tailed deer (11.5%). Tissue, blood, and engorged larvae were tested for 17 different pathogens using a nanoscale PCR platform. Infection with five pathogens (Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp., Mycoplasma haemocanis, and Bartonella spp.) was detected in host samples, but no pathogens were found in any larval samples. These results suggest that although large and medium sized mammals feed large numbers of H. longicornis ticks in the environment there is presently a low potential for H. longicornis to acquire pathogens from these wildlife hosts. HighlightsO_LIH. longicornis were sampled from seven genera of large and medium-sized mammals C_LIO_LIRaccoons, opossums, and white-tailed deer fed a large proportion of H. longicornis C_LIO_LIH. longicornis did not acquire pathogens through co-feeding with native tick vectors C_LIO_LIHost species were infected with a range of pathogens of human and veterinary concern C_LIO_LIHost-derived H. longicornis engorged larvae were not infected with any pathogens C_LI
Scripted tours through a giant inflatable colon: An innovative and effective educational tool in urban communities.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among men and women in the US and mortality rates are increasing among young adults. Although CRC is largely preventable with screening and often curable when detected at an early stage, many age-appropriate individuals remain unscreened or are not currently up-to-date with screening. We aimed to examine the impact of providing guided, scripted tours through an inflatable colon on three domains: CRC knowledge, likelihood of communicating about CRC with others, and the intention to be screened for CRC in a diverse, urban population. The inflatable walk-through colon was exhibited at five community events in Franklin County, Ohio between March 2015 and August 2016. A pre and posttest research design and composite scores were stratified into three age groups (<45 years, 45-49 years and ≥ 50 years of age). Descriptive statistics were used to describe and compare demographic characteristics. Logistic regression was used to examine potential associations between demographic factors and the three outcomes of interest. These tours led to statistically significant increases in CRC knowledge, communication, and intention to undergo CRC screening among participants in all three age cohorts. In addition, the intention of undergo screening after a tour among individuals<45 years of age were nearly three times that of those older than 50 (OR = 2.66; 95%CI = 1.49-4.75). Overall, this study supports the use of scripted tours through an inflatable colon exhibit as a potentially effective intervention to increase age-appropriate CRC screening uptake.
Multi-Material Hydrodynamics with Algebraic Sharp Interface Capturing

Abstract A finite volume method for Eulerian multi-material hydrodynamics with sharp interface capturing is presented. The pressure-temperature non-equilibrium multi-material system with finite-rate pressure relaxation in mixed-cells is considered here. This pressure closure facilitates material-property-dependent pressure relaxation, rather than instantaneous pressure equilibration, which in turn allows the use of unsplit high-order time-integrators. A modified tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing (THINC) method is used to reconstruct multi-material ( > 2 ) interfaces, on three-dimensional unstructured meshes. A simple modification which extends the THINC reconstruction to interfaces between more than two materials is proposed. It is demonstrated that the modified THINC can capture multi-material interfaces within 2–4 tetrahedral cells. Since no geometric reconstructions are required by the THINC method, the presented multi-material method is algorithmically simple, and computationally efficient. Consistent reconstructions of conserved quantities at material interfaces ensure that conservation and closure laws are satisfied at the discrete level. Through a suite of test problems solved on unstructured meshes, it is demonstrated that the presented method is a promising candidate for accurate and efficient multi-material hydrodynamics computations.
Networks as Facilitators of Innovation in Technology-Based Industries: The Case of Flat Glass

In this chapter, I question the extent to which the networks of the flat glass industry facilitated innovation in the past and continue to do so now. So far, students of technology-based industries have focused their attention on a number of high-technology industries including, for example, biotechnology. Since the manufacturing and secondary processing of flat glass require the application of a degree of technological expertise, the flat glass industry is also considered a technology-based industry, though not a high-technology industry in the sense that biotechnology is. This particularity of the industry enables me not only to provide a reasonably complete account of the extent to which the networks of the flat glass industry facilitate innovation, but also to explore whether or not we need a different sort of network thinking for this particular industry—different from the thinking that the students of high-technology industries subscribe to as they study, for example, biotechnology.
When “Disruption” Collides with Accountability: Holding Ridesharing Companies Liable for Acts of Their Drivers

Some skeptics, including taxicab operators, have decried the arrival of these peer-to-peer ridesharing services, now classified by regulators as Transportation Network Companies (TNCs). While such complaints could be easily dismissed as the dying groans of a “disrupted” industry, a string of passenger safety incidents has raised doubts about whether these services are ready to safely replace traditional transportation services.
Volunteering Saved my Life! A Case of Anomalous Right Coronary Artery Take Off.

Anomalous right coronary artery from the left sinus is a rare and potentially serious congenital variant that can present with chest pain, and sudden cardiac death.1 About 80% of coronary artery abnormalities seen during catheterization are benign incidental findings.2 However, ectopic coronary origin from the pulmonary artery or opposite aortic sinus, single coronary artery, and large coronary fistulae are serious anomalies resulting in angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmias, and even sudden cardiac death.1,2 We present a case of an asymptomatic middle-aged male with an abnormal electrocardiogram (EKG) rhythm strip while volunteering at an EMS course and was found to have an anomalous right coronary artery originating from the left aortic coronary sinus.
Using geospatial networking tools to optimize source locations as applied to the study of food availability: A study in Guilford County, North Carolina

Abstract In the study of local-level food security, terms such as food variety, availability, accessibility and utilization represent quantitative metrics to describe one's relationship to the tangible and intangible food environment. Food availability entails how close one is located to the nearest food location. These locations could be healthy and fresh food as applied explicitly to the study food deserts, generally considered to be low-income areas that are far from healthy and fresh food. In the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) network model where travel times and distances are either calculated along a line network such as a series of roads or via more traditional techniques such as Manhattan or Euclidean distance, healthy and fresh food locations are defined as destinations. The places people are traveling from are referred to as sources. However, modeling source locations can be increasingly complex. In just measuring food availability between all residential parcels to the closest healthy food destination in Guilford County, North Carolina, it requires more than 177,000 route calculations, one for each of the residential parcels in Guilford County, North Carolina. Research (Zandbergen and Hart 2009; Fischer 2004; Sahar et al. 2019; Winn 2014) has highlighted the challenges in efficiently locating many addresses and calculating so many routes. In order to simplify the number of network calculations, this research explores ways to model, agglomerate or simplify source locations to decrease the sheer number of calculations while not degrading results when compared to calculations using all original 177,000 source locations. Studies in the field of food security have modeled source locations as census tract centroids, block group centroids, as well as random points and even fishnets or grids. In this paper, we explore the use of different techniques to simulate source locations in the study of food availability in Guilford County, North Carolina. These results are compared to calculations using all residential source locations in the county as a baseline. While all eleven techniques, which include random, stratified and systematic, as well as combinations of them, showed some level of agreement with baseline measurements, sources simulated as block centroids, population-weighted block group centroids and even a randomized-strata technique were strongest using t-tests of two means and equivalence tests for dissimilarity for both drive-distance and drive-time.
Islanding Detection for Inverter-Based Distributed Generation Using Unsupervised Anomaly Detection

Islanding detection with the rising grid supporting inverter-based distributed generation is becoming more critical protection due to its high droop gains and overall decreased system inertia leading to rapid changes in the electrical parameters. Traditional methods for islanding detection in this regard are susceptible to significant problems such as non-detection zone, false-positive detection, and inefficient mode of validation. Therefore, to attenuate these problems, this paper proposes a hybrid islanding detection technique based on unsupervised anomaly detection using autoencoders. This technique uses the rate of change of frequency as primary and phase angles of the voltage and current as secondary detection parameters, demonstrating improved performance, reliability, and robustness due to its shared advantage of both active frequency drift and autoencoder. Furthermore, a dialectic model of offline and online validation schemes is also proposed to ensure the reliability of detection. Extensive simulations and validations have been carried out on multiple networks to generate data sets used to train, test, and validate the technique and compute its statistical significance, thereby confirming its effectiveness. The optimal islanding detection time for the base cases was recorded as 20 milliseconds with an F1-score of 0.991, dependability index of 0.998, security index of 0.995, with total harmonic distortion of 4.56% and zero non-detection zones, which complies with IEC 61000-3-2 and IEEE standard 1547’s requirement of detection within two seconds after islanding.
Keynote Address: Sustainable Manufacturing with Digital Integration for Advancing the Circular Economy: Product and Process Innovations for Next Generation Manufacturing

Rapidly increasing global population with growing standard of living calls for a need for high quality manufactured products and services requiring significant0 product and process innovations. Circular Economy (CE) concepts are rapidly emerging globally due to the alarmingly increasing rate of environmental pollutions in waters, air and soils that continue to impose significant economic burden with societal concerns on health effects, safety and societal wellbeing in general. Traditionally known Circular Economy (CE) concepts heavily focus on recycling of end-of-life products and reuse of raw materials targeting remanufacturing. Recently emerged 6R-based (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover, Redesign, and Remanufacture) sustainable manufacturing principles demonstrate the far-reaching application potential across all levels of manufacturing: products, processes, and systems, to promote and advance Circular Economy with product and process innovations for next generation manufacturing.
Coulomb-enhanced superconducting pair correlations and paired-electron liquid in the frustrated quarter-filled band

A necessary condition for superconductivity (SC) driven by electron correlations is that electron-electron (e-e) interactions enhance superconducting pair-pair correlations, relative to the noninteracting limit. We report high-precision numerical calculations of the ground state on four different finite lattices of up to 100 sites within the frustrated two-dimensional (2D) Hubbard Hamiltonian for a wide range of carrier concentration $\ensuremath{\rho}$ ($0l\ensuremath{\rho}l1$). The average long-range pair-pair correlation for each cluster is enhanced by Hubbard $U$ only for $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\approx}0.5$. At all other fillings e-e interactions mostly suppress pair correlations. Our work provides a key ingredient to the mechanism of SC in the 2D organic charge-transfer solids and many other unconventional superconductors with frustrated crystal lattices and $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.5$.
Lost in Translation: From U.S. Corporate Charter Competition to Issuer Choice in International Securities Regulation

Corporate charter competition among U.S. states has been held out as a model of welfare-enhancing regulatory competition. Proponents of this story also rely on it as a basis for promoting regulatory competition in international securities regulation. Issuer choice proponents argue that an issuer of securities should be permitted to choose the securities regulation of any nation to govern its securities offerings and trading worldwide. This Article challenges the notion that the claimed success of corporate charter competition among U.S. states argues in favor of issuer choice for international securities regulation. Even granting the assumptions of race-to-the-top advocates and accepting the best story for corporate charter competition, that story translates poorly into the context of international securities regulation. Reliance on that story to promote issuer choice glosses over important differences in political economy as between U.S. states in a federal system and independent nations in an anarchic global environment. This argument I pursue along two major lines. The first involves choice of law coordination. While U.S. states have been able to coordinate around the internal affairs rule for choice of corporate law, no similar rule exists in international securities regulation, where the basic rule is territoriality. The internal affairs rule among U.S. states emerged from historical conditions and political dynamics that do not exist among nations. I argue that international choice of law coordination for issuer choice is unlikely. Second, even setting aside the choice of law problem, and assuming that international choice of law coordination were possible, serious doubt exists that vigorous competition would emerge. On the basis of the Delaware success story, few if any nations would seem to have both sufficient incentive and sufficient capacity to compete over securities law. For established capital market countries, regulatory revenues would likely be too small to interest such countries or to enable them to demonstrate the fiscal dependence on regulatory revenues that would be critical for demonstrating a credible commitment to issuers. All but the smallest nations would suffer this disability. The smallest nations, on the other hand, would not likely possess sufficient legal and regulatory infrastructure to be able to offer sophisticated, internationally competitive securities law. Given the dearth of competitors and lack of competition, issuers might just stay home. They might not be willing to opt out of their home country rules even if offered the choice.
Automatic learning of parallel dependency treelet pairs

Induction of synchronous grammars from empirical data has long been an unsolved problem; despite generative synchronous grammars theoretically suit the machine translation task very well. This fact is mainly due to pervasive structural divergences between languages. This paper presents a statistical approach that learns dependency structure mappings from parallel corpora. The new algorithm automatically learns parallel dependency treelet pairs from loosely matched non-isomorphic dependency trees while keeping computational complexity polynomial in the length of the sentences. A set of heuristics is introduced and specifically optimized for parallel treelet learning purposes using Minimum Error Rate training.
Gluino Condensation in Superstring Models

Abstract Gluino condensation in the second E8 provides a natural mechanism for supersymmetry breaking in E8 × E8 superstring theory. Under certain assumptions, the vacuum energy is naturally zero in the leading approximation. The effective four-dimensional theory is similar to the “no-scale” supergravity theories.
Modeling of Bubbly and Annular Two-Phase Flow in Subchannel Geometries with BACCHUS-3D/TP

The theoretical and computational bases of the BACCHUS-3D/TP computer program are reviewed. The computer program has been developed in the frame of the liquid-metal fast breeder reactor safety project at the Kerforschungszentrum Karlsruhe and is used for thermal-hydraulic analysis of nuclear fuel bundles under normal and accident conditions. The present program combines two models and solution procedures previously used separately, namely, an improved slip model and a separated-phase model. The first model uses mixture equations and accounts for slip between the phases, whereas the latter uses separate continuity and momentum equations. At the present stage of development, both assume thermodynamic equilibrium. Techniques used to affect smooth transitions between the two models are described, including treatment of frictional pressure drop and solution of the Poisson pressure and momentum equations. A detailed derivation of the computation of mass transfer between the phases is given because it is a central and novel feature of the model. A summary of validations performed to date, together with the quantities measured and compared with computations is given in tabular form.
Issues of Validity in Intercultural Professional Communication Research

This article explores three ways to design US empirical methods to be more valid and ethical in cross-cultural studies. First, intercultural researchers need to distinguish broad rhetorical and cul...
An algorithm for the minimum sum of weighted absolute errors regression

We propose an algorithm to estimate the unknown constants in a multiple linear regression model under the minimum sum of weighted absolute errors (MSWAE). The proposed algorithm, a generalization of an earlier algorithm, is compared to a bounded variable algorithm. Some somputational experience is reported.
Inhibitive Chain Transfer to Ligand in the ATRP of n-Butyl Acrylate

The N,N,N‘,N‘,N‘ ‘-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) ligand, commonly used in copper-catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), is known to have an inhibitive effect on the kinetics of the ATRP of alkyl acrylate monomers due to the chain transfer reaction involving the ligand species. However, the exact chemical nature of the ligand radicals resulting from the chain transfer reaction and other reactions that the ligand radicals may undergo subsequently are presently unknown, making it difficult to establish the precise reaction mechanism of the copper/PMDETA-based ATRP of alkyl acrylate monomers. In an effort to gain a better understanding of the chemistries and reactions of the PMDETA species in the ATRP of n-butyl acrylate, we conducted (i) experimental measurements to determine how changes in PMDETA concentration influence the ATRP kinetics and the molecular properties of the product, (ii) electron density functional theory (DFT) calculations to identify probable pathways for reactions...
Microseisms and hum from ocean surface gravity waves

[1] Ocean waves incident on coasts generate seismic surface waves in three frequency bands via three pathways: direct pressure on the seafloor (primary microseisms, PM), standing waves from interaction of incident and reflected waves (double-frequency microseisms, DF), and swell-transformed infragravity wave interactions (the Earth's seismic hum). Beamforming of USArray seismic data shows that the source azimuths of the generation regions of hum, PM and DF microseisms vary seasonally, consistent with hemispheric storm patterns. The correlation of beam power with wave height over all azimuths is highest in near-coastal waters. Seismic signals generated by waves from Hurricane Irene and from a storm in the Southern Ocean have good spatial and temporal correlation with nearshore wave height and peak period for all three wave-induced seismic signals, suggesting that ocean waves in shallow water commonly excite hum (via infragravity waves), PM, and DF microseisms concurrently.
PolyMorphine: An innovative biodegradable polymer drug for extended pain relief

Morphine, a potent narcotic analgesic used for the treatment of acute and chronic pain, was chemically incorporated into a poly(anhydride-ester) backbone. The polymer termed "PolyMorphine", was designed to degrade hydrolytically releasing morphine in a controlled manner to ultimately provide analgesia for an extended time period. PolyMorphine was synthesized via melt-condensation polymerization and its structure was characterized using proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and infrared spectroscopy. The weight-average molecular weight and the thermal properties were determined. The hydrolytic degradation pathway of the polymer was determined by in vitro studies, showing that free morphine is released. In vitro cytocompatibility studies demonstrated that PolyMorphine is non-cytotoxic towards fibroblasts. In vivo studies using mice showed that PolyMorphine provides analgesia for 3 days, 20 times the analgesic window of free morphine. The animals retained full responsiveness to morphine after being subjected to an acute morphine challenge.
Asymptotic global behavior for stochastic approximation and diffusions with slowly decreasing noise effects: Global minimization via Monte Carlo

The asymptotic behavior of the systems $X_{n + 1} = X_n + a_n b( {X_n ,\xi _n } ) + a_n \sigma ( X_n )\psi_n $ and $dy = \bar b( y )dt + \sqrt {a( t )} \sigma ( y )dw$ is studied, where $\{ {\psi _n } \}$ is i.i.d. Gaussian, $\{ \xi _n \}$ is a (correlated) bounded sequence of random variables and $a_n \approx A_0/\log (A_1 + n )$. Without $\{ \xi _n \}$, such algorithms are versions of the “simulated annealing” method for global optimization. When the objective function values can only be sampled via Monte Carlo, the discrete algorithm is a combination of stochastic approximation and simulated annealing. Our forms are appropriate. The $\{ \psi _n \}$ are the “annealing” variables, and $\{ \xi _n \}$ is the sampling noise. For large $A_0 $, a full asymptotic analysis is presented, via the theory of large deviations: Mean escape time (after arbitrary time n) from neighborhoods of stable sets of the algorithm, mean transition times (after arbitrary time n) from a neighborhood of one stable set to another, a...
A nested modeling study of elevation‐dependent climate change signals in California induced by increased atmospheric CO2

Dynamically downscaled climate change signals due to increased atmospheric CO2 are investigated for three California basins. The downscaled signals show strong elevation dependence, mainly due to elevated freezing levels in the increased CO2 climate. Below 2.5 km, rainfall increases by over 150% while snowfall decreases by 20-40% in the winter. Above 2.5 km, rainfall and snowfall both increase in the winter, as the freezing levels appear mostly below this level. Winter snowmelt increases in all elevations due to warmer temperatures in the increased CO2 climate. Reduced snowfall and enhanced snowmelt during the winter decreases snowmelt-driven spring runoff below the 2.5 km level, where the peak snowmelt occurs one month earlier in the increased CO2 climate. Above 2.5km, increased winter snowfall maintains snowmelt-driven runoff through most of the warm season. The altered hydrologic characteristics in the increased CO2 climate affect the diurnal temperature variation mainly via snow-albedo-soil moisture feedback.
On the irreducibility of an induced representation

A unitary representation induced from a normal subgroup of a separable locally compact group is irreducible if and only if the inducing representation is irreducible and the restriction of the induced representation to the normal subgroup is multiplicity-free.
Uptake of a PCB (Aroclor 1254) from soil by carrots under field conditions

The change in composition of Aroclor 1254 in soil was evident over an eleven-month period. Dissipation appeared to parallel the degree of chlorination. The lesser chlorinated biphenyls were slowly dissipated while the more highly chlorinated biphenyls were not appreciably affected. PCB's were absorbed by carrot roots; increasing translocation was associated with decreasing biphenyl chlorination. Since 97% of the residue was found in the peel, very little translocation occurred in the plant tissue.
Non-communicating arachnoid cyst of the temporal bone presenting as facial nerve paralysis in an infant.

Non-communicating arachnoid cyst of the lateral temporal bone is a rare conditon. We present a case of a non-communicating arachnoid cyst of the temporal bone in an infant who presented with a lower motor neuron facial nerve paralysis. The patient was treated by surgical excision of the cyst.