cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Addition of New Cells to the Olfactory Bulb of Adult Zebrafisha

We have been examining patterns of cell proliferation in the brain of adult zebrafish. Understanding this process in fish may lead to important insights due to the tremendous regenerative capabilities of these animals. Fish were exposed to a 1% solution of the thymidine analog 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) for 1 hr before being returned to small aquaria that received frequent water changes. Animals were overanesthetized and perfused with Bouin's fixative solution after two survival periods (4 hr or 3-4 weeks). Paraffin immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody against BrdU was used to visualize the newly generated cells. Quantitative analyses were performed on serial, 10-micron sections from 4 animals for each survival group. Statistical determinations were based on the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test. The average number of BrdU-labeled nuclear profiles in the bulbs, from analysis of every 5th section, was significantly different between the two groups (22.0 +/- 6.8 [SEM] for the 4-hr group and 136.7 +/- 11.3 for the 4-wk group; p 0.5). These data indicate that either cells divided repeatedly during the longer survival period or cells migrated into the bulb from other brain regions. To examine this phenomenon further, the location of the new cells was analyzed in three mid-bulb sections (20 microns apart) from each animal. Both the area and number of labeled nuclei in each lamina were measured to obtain an average profile density. Comparison of the 4-hr and the 4-wk groups showed that density was significantly greater in all bulb layers in the long survival group (p < 0.05 for all). In the 4-hr survival group, cells were found mainly in the olfactory nerve layer. When examined after 4 wk, proportionately more labeled cells were found in the internal cell layer. This addition of new cells could be a result of neurogenesis, gliogenesis, and/or angiogenesis. We are currently performing double-labeling experiments to determine the types of cells that are added to the adult bulb. In addition, our future plans include investigating the origin of these cells and the signals that direct their formation.
Sodium silicate based sol-gel structures for generating pressure-driven flow in microfluidic channels.

Abstract In this article, we report the design of a microchip based hydraulic pump that employs a sodium silicate derived sol–gel structure for generating pressure-driven flow within a microfluidic network. The reported sol–gel structure was fabricated in a chosen location of our device by selectively retaining sodium silicate solution within a sub-micrometer deep segment via capillary forces, and then providing the precursor material appropriate thermal treatment. It was shown that while the molecular weight cut-off for these membranes is at least an order of magnitude smaller than their photo-polymerized counterparts, their electrical conductance is significant. Moreover, unlike their polymeric counterparts these structures were found to be capable of blocking electroosmotic flow, thereby generating a pressure-gradient around their interface with an open microchannel upon application of an electric field across the microchannel–membrane junction. In this work, a fraction of the resulting hydrodynamic flow was successfully guided to an electric field-free analysis channel to implement a pressure-driven assay. Our experiments show that the pressure-driven velocity produced in the analysis channel of our device varied linearly with the voltage applied across the sol–gel membrane and was nearly independent of the cross-sectional dimensions of the membrane and the microfluidic channels. With our current design pressure-driven velocities up to 1.7 mm/s were generated for an applied voltage of 2 kV, which easily covers the range of flow speeds that can minimize the plate height in most microfluidic separations. Finally, the functionality of our device was demonstrated by implementing a reverse phase chromatographic separation in the analysis channel of our device using the pressure-driven flow generated on-chip.
Labor-Friendly Corporate Practices: Is What is Good for Employees Good for Shareholders?

As corporate managers interact with non-shareholder stakeholders, potential tradeoffs emerge and questions arise as to how these interactions impact shareholder value. We argue that this shareholder–stakeholder debate is an important issue within the overall corporate governance and corporate policy domain and examine one such stakeholder group – employees – by studying labor-friendly corporate practices. We find that announcements of labor-friendly policies are associated with positive abnormal stock returns. Labor-friendly firms also outperform otherwise similar firms, both in terms of long-run stock market returns and operating results. In addition, we find that the probability and benefits of labor-friendliness increase with the demand for highly skilled labor. Our analysis of excess executive compensation suggests that top management derives no pecuniary benefits from labor-friendly practices. We interpret our results as consistent with a genuine concern for employees translating into higher productivity and profitability, which in turn facilitate value creation. It appears that the benefits of labor-friendly practices significantly outweigh the costs and that what is good for employees is good for shareholders.
WebTicket: account management using printable tokens

Passwords are the most common authentication scheme today. However, it is difficult for people to memorize strong passwords, such as random sequences of characters. Additionally, passwords do not provide protection against phishing attacks. This paper introduces WebTicket, a low cost, easy-to-use and reliable web account management system that uses "tickets", which are tokens that contain a two-dimensional barcode that can be printed or stored on smartphones. Users can log into accounts by presenting the barcodes to webcams connected to computers. Through two lab studies and one field study consisting of 59 participants in total, we found that WebTicket can provide reliable authentication and phishing resilience.
Quality Control Method for Pile Driving

Quality control criteria for driven piles are developed using the framework of acceptance-sampling analysis based on the statistical data of static and dynamic load tests. The static and dynamic load tests are often carried out for quality control and verification of load-carrying capacity of driven piles. The number of load tests and the acceptance criterion of measured capacities are discussed in this technical note. The relationship between the number of load tests and the criterion on acceptance of measured capacity is elucidated. It is shown that the measured capacity required to assure adequate quality control decreases with an increase in the number of load tests. Either the number of load tests or the target measured capacity or both needs to be increased in order to obtain a higher target reliability index. The number of load tests associated with the acceptance criteria of the measured capacities is recommended in this technical note for the static and dynamic pile test methods to achieve different levels of reliability.
Galileo's close‐up view of the Io sodium jet

The Galileo spacecraft has imaged a re- markable atmospheric escape process occurring in the atmosphere of Io, Jupiter's volcanic moon. Electrody- namic consequences of Io's motion through Jupiter's magnetosphere drive mega-amp currents through Io's ionosphere; some of the sodium ions carrying this cur- rent are neutralized as they leave the atmosphere. The Galileo images show that the resulting fast sodium jet removes - 5 x 1025 atoms sec - from Io's atmosphere. The spatial profile of the jet shows that the source re- gion is much smaller than Io itself, perhaps confined to volcanically active regions, or to an ionosphere re- stricted to the denser atmosphere near Io's equator. Io. The escape is driven by the electrodynamic poten- tial of 411 kV induced across Io by its motion through Jupiter's magnetic field (Goldreich and Lynden-Bell, 1969; Dessler, 1983). The electric field is directed radially outwards from Jupiter and perpendicular to the magnetic field. Radio occultations by spacecraft have revealed a global ionosphere capable of conduct- ing mega-ampere currents in response to this potential (Hinson et al., 1998). The dominant ionospheric ion is Na + by virtue of sodium's very low ionization potential (Summers and $trobel, 1996). Sodium ions are driven by Pedersen currents radially outward from Jupiter. Ions on the Jupiter-facing side of Io are driven to the sur- face and cannot escape; those on the anti-Jovian side are not blocked. Some of these escaping ions are neu- tralized by charge-exchange reactions and become fast sodium atoms directed away from Io at velocities of tens of km sec -1. The sodium atoms preserve their ion mo- tion at the moment of charge exchange, which includes a substantial gyrovelocity perpendicular to the local mag- netic field. The plane of gyromotion defines the orienta- tion of the jet. Sodium-bearing molecular ions, known to produce fast sodium features farther from Io (Wilson and Schneider, 1994), may contribute sodium atoms to the directional feature. Sodium ejected from Io's iono- sphere adds to the extended disk of sodium atoms ob-
Measurement Biases in Consumer Price Indexes

Summary The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the cost of purchasing a fixed basket of goods at a fixed sample of outlets over time, and can be thought of as a practical approximation to a "true" cost-ofliving index, and a measure of general inflation for the economy. In more recent times, concerns over the possibility that the U.S. CPI overstates the rate of inflation have grown. Annual changes in the CPI are used to adjust social security benefits, and wage contracts are often indexed to CPI changes. To the extent that the CPI overstates the rate of inflation individuals are being compensated for changes in the cost-of-living that have not occurred-with enormous implications for government fiscal budgets. This paper presents an up-to-date survey of the principal sources of measurement error or bias in the CPI. A number of sources of bias are examined, including the commodity substitution bias, the outlet substitution bias, and the elementary index bias. Traditional bilateral index number theory assumes that the number of goods remains constant over the pricing period and furthermore, that the goods are of unchanging quality. Changes in either of these give rise to two further biases: the new goods bias and the quality bias.
Databases on CD‐ROM: comparative factors for purchase

CD‐ROM databases are offered by publishers with enhancements over their print and online alternatives to induce librarians among other end‐users to subscribe to them in this format. This format for databases enables users to do unlimited searching at a fixed cost among other enhancements. Additionally, compact disc offers downloading facilities for personal computer use with such features as word‐processing, spreadsheets and electronic notepads which mimic outliner programs to assist subscribers in using databases in this format. Databases embedded in compact disc technology are becoming accepted as an alternative dissemination format to those embedded in other media for end‐user searching in libraries. The librarian should serve as an effective conduit in calling such products to the attention of users needing information placed in CD‐ROM media format. This article will examine some factors comparing CD‐ROM databases with their print and online analogues.
127. Platelet derived growth factors and receptors contribute toward development of the corpus luteum

In this study the expression of the family of platelet derived growth factors (PDGF) and receptors in the ovarian corpus luteum was identified and characterized, and an effect of their activity on development of the corpus luteum revealed. Gonadotropin-stimulated immature rats were utilized as a model of induced ovulation, luteogenesis and pseudopregnancy, and levels of mRNA for platelet derived growth factors (PDGF-A, PDGF-B, PDGF-C and PDGF-D) and receptors (PDGF-Rα and PDGF-Rβ) in response to gonadotropins were investigated. Intraperitoneal injection of immature rats with pregnant mare’s serum gonadotropin (PMSG) followed 54 h later with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) resulted in a significant increase in ovarian mRNA levels for PDGF-Rβ and its ligands, PDGF-B and PDGF-D, as early as 4 h after hCG injection. Gonadotropin regulation of PDGF-B was confirmed by in vitro promoter–reporter assays, which showed a 2–3-fold increase in PDGF-B promoter activity in response to luteinising hormone (LH), and inhibition studies implicated protein kinase A, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathways in the LH-induced upregulation. In the corpus luteum, PDGF-Rα was localized to a subset of luteal steroidogenic cells, and PDGF-Rβ to cells of the luteal microvasculature. PDGF-A, PDGF-B and PDGF-C were also identified in a population of luteal steroidogenic cells. Intraovarian injection of an inhibitor of PDGF receptor activity, the tyrphostin AG1295, prior to injection of hCG in PMSG-primed immature rats resulted in a significant 22.85 ± 10.7% decrease in corpora lutea per treated ovary in comparison to the contralateral vehicle-injected control ovary. In addition, the treated ovary of 3 of 12 rats showed widespread hemorrhage throughout the entire ovary, indicating a possible role for PDGF receptor activity in maintenance of the ovarian vasculature. In summary, these data identify expression of members of the family of platelet derived growth factors and receptors in cells within the corpus luteum and reveal a role during development of the corpus luteum.
Power system network partitioning for SVD based information retrieval using PMU data

Extensive researches have been done to partition power system network into clusters based on coherency. The needs for partitioning in Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) based information retrieval using Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data is similar to the exiting partitioning algorithm, but it is not identical. The SVD based method's primal concern is to distribute SVD computation burden to each partition. In this paper, one of existing partitioning algorithms is reviewed and apply it for SVD based information retrieval algorithm. Also, the existing algorithm is modified to meet the need of SVD based method without breaking coherency much.
A note on the computation of biserialr in item validation

A method of computing biserial coefficients of correlation through the use of punch card tabulating equipment is presented. Each item is assigned a separate column and successes are punched 1. By arranging the cards on the criterion variable and obtaining progressive sums on several columns simultaneously, it is possible to obtain data for several correlations in one run of the cards through the machine.
Enabling rich mobile applications: joint computation and communication scheduling

With the universal adoption of mobile communication devices for many common computing applications like email and web access, there is a growing demand to use these devices for richer applications that require high computing power. This paper looks at a way of enabling thin wireless clients to support powerful applications by using processing and networking infrastructure that are available in our surroundings. One of the major challenges is in determining how to schedule both the wireless communication and computing resources together to support a broad set of client nodes. This scheduling has to take into account the resource limitations and locations of the processing elements, as well as the constraints on wireless communication, in terms of available channels and the capacity of each channel. Additionally, the scheduling needs to be completed in a short time, in order to minimize the delay in initiating the applications after the clients request the resources. We present this in the form of a joint-scheduling problem, and present a fast algorithm that can perform this scheduling efficiently. Our approach can achieve a scheduling performance close to the optimal exhaustive solution, but with an execution time that is reduced by three or more orders of magnitude (from hours to seconds).
Effects of ethyl alcohol on VECP

Previous studies have demonstrated that ethyl alcohol ingestion affects the clinically recorded visually evoked cortical potential (VECP). However these studies have not related the possible relevance of such alcohol-induced VECP changes to visual performance. We studied the flash and pattern-reversal monopolar VECP recorded at the occiput before and after alcohol ingestion and compared the recordings with psychophysical parameters (e.g. contrast sensitivity) also measured before and after alcohol intake. Results are presented, and the potential usefulness of VECP alterations in predicting alcohol-induced effects on visual performance is evaluated. We found no clear, consistent effect of blood alcohol levels ranging from 0.05% to 0.15% on the parameters tested.
Life Cycle of Cystoisospora felis (Coccidia: Apicomplexa) in Cats and Mice

Cystoisospora felis is a ubiquitous apicomplexan protozoon of cats. The endogenous development of C. felis was studied in cats after feeding them infected mice. For this, five newborn cats were killed at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h after having been fed mesenteric lymph nodes and spleens of mice that were inoculated with C. felis sporulated sporocysts. Asexual and sexual development occurred in enterocytes throughout the villi of the small intestine. The number of asexual generations was not determined with certainty, but there were different sized merozoites. At 24 h, merogony was seen only in the duodenum and the jejunum. Beginning at 48 h, the entire small intestine was parasitized. At 24 h, meronts contained 1-4 zoites, and at 48 h up to 12 zoites. Beginning with 72 h, the ileum was more heavily parasitized than the jejunum. At 96 and 120 h, meronts contained many zoites in various stages of development; some divided by endodyogeny. The multiplication was asynchronous, thus both immature multinucleated meronts and mature merozoites were seen in the same parasitophorous vacuole. Gametogony occurred between 96 and 120 h, and oocysts were present at 120 h. For the study of the development of C. felis in murine tissues, mice were killed from day 1 to 720 d after having been fed 10(5) sporocysts, and their tissues were examined for the parasites microscopically, and by bioassay in cats. The following conclusions were drawn. (1) Cystoisospora felis most frequently invaded the mesenteric lymph nodes of mice and remained there for at least 23 mo. (2) It also invaded the spleen, liver, brain, lung, and skeletal muscle of mice, but division was not seen based on microscopical examination. (3) This species could not be passed from mouse to mouse.
Supercritical water oxidation: an engineering update

Abstract This paper reviews the need for innovative treatment technologies and describes a wastewater treatment system capable of completely destroying toxic organic substances and biological sludges. The basic concept of supercritical water oxidation (SCWO), associated engineering research, and technology development are examined. During the last few years a growing body of SCWO knowledge has been assembled. A number of universities, federal agencies, and private companies have participated in both engineering research and technology development. In general, engineering research has focused upon reaction kinetics and mechanisms, salt formation and solubility, mass and heat transfer, transformation product identification, catalysis, corrosion, and additive impacts. As research progressed, technology development has directed its attention to materials of construction, reactor design, heat exchange and recuperative heat recovery, solid-liquid separation, gas-liquid separation, control systems, emuent handling, ash disposal, safety requirements, and process integration. SCWO technology relies on the unique properties of supercritical water to create an excellent reaction medium. The system is capable of operating as a totally enclosed facility, providing complete destruction, and meeting all regulatory emuent requirements. As such, this new technology is an environmentally attractive option. Because of favorable treatability, safety, and economic considerations a growing number private and governmental entities are currently involved in the development of more effective SCWO facilities.
Optical interferometry and aperture synthesis in space with the Space Interferometry Mission

The Space Interferometry Mission (SIM) promises to revolutionize optical astrometry with its extraordinary astrometric accuracy of 4μas. The fringe phase stability required to provide this accuracy (≈ 0.14°) will also enable a unique and unprecedented capability for high-dynamic-range synthesis imaging in space at optical wavelengths with an angular resolution of typically 10 milliarcseconds. We summarize the characteristics of the imaging mode of SIM and compare it to ground-based synthesis imaging instruments, which operate only at radio wavelengths. In some respects SIM is an optical version of the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope in the Netherlands.
Heterometallic species containing Cp2MH2 (MMo and W) and Cu+ or Ag+ are inner sphere redox intermediates

Abstract Reaction of Cu(NCMe)4+ with Cp2MH2 (M  Mo or W) in a 1:2 mole ratio yields (Cp2MH2)2Cu+, as the PF6− salt. IR and 1H NMR data are consistent with a structure in which all hydrides are bridging M to copper. An X-ray diffraction structure determination of the compound with MMo confirms this conclusion; the unit cell contains two crystallographically-independent cations with significantly different CuH4 coordination geometries: the MoH2 planes have dihedral angles of 31.1 and 51.0°. Crystallographic data (at −157 °C): a=20.263(6), b=10.434(2), c=21.109(6) A, Z=8 in space group Pbnb. Additional Cu(NCMe)4+ has no effect on (Cp2WH2)2Cu+. Reaction of Cp2WH2 with AgBF4, gives first (Cp2WH2)2Ag+, which shows Ag/hydride coupling in the 1H NMR spectrum at −75 °C. Additional Ag+ in MeCN gives oxidation to equimolar Cp2WVIH3+ and Cp2WIVH(NCMe)+, via the adduct (Cp2WH2Ag)22+, whose IR spectrum is consistent with μ3-hydrides. While(Cp2WH2)2Ag+ is not oxidized by Cu(NCMe)4+, (Cp2WH2)2Cu+ is completely oxidized by Ag+, suggesting that the aggregate (Cp2WH2MM′)22+ has inequivalent sites for M and M′, and thus two isomeric forms.
Regge trajectories from the two-body, bound-state Thompson equation using a quark-confining interaction in momentum space.

Solutions of two-body, bound-state equations have recently been developed for quark-antiquark bound-state pairs. These solutions use a confining potential in momentum space as input into three-dimensional reductions of the Bethe-Salpeter equation using special subtraction procedures. Regge trajectories are calculated for the Schroedinger equation which display the well-known unphysical behavior where lower mass trajectories overlap higher mass ones and also display nonlinearity. Both of these features contradict experiment. Regge trajectories obtained from the Thompson equation, which is relativistic in origin, avoid both of these problems.
Spectral properties of hemicyanine dye in confinement by helical amylose

Hemicyanine dye structure is modified with a C 16 -alkyl chain to amino-head and a C 1 , C, or C 16 alkyl to pyridinium-tail. Spectral properties of the dyes in supramolecular inclusion complexation with amylose are studied in order to assess the mono-functional polarity sensing activity of the pyridinium cations in DMSO-H 2 O mixtures. Inclusion complexation brings the λ max of C 16 DASPC 1 dye to a blue-shift (relative to that of the free dye state) while that of C 16 DASP (C 8 and C 16 ) dyes remains almost unchanged.
Predicting Pay Grade in the U.S. Military by Gender and Ethnic Minority Status

This study examined predictors of pay grade for ethnic minorities and women in the U.S. military using hierarchical regression analyses. In the analysis including all personnel, being a woman and ethnic minority status were negative predictors of pay grade after controlling for education and years of service. In the analysis using enlisted personnel, the interaction between years of service and minority status showed that more years of service was associated with higher pay grade among ethnic majority enlisted personnel after controlling for education and years of service. In the model using officers, being a woman was a negative predictor of pay grade after controlling for education and years of service. Future studies, implications, limitations, and strengths are discussed.
Assessing the need for training in IT professionals: a research model

Training is critical to hiring and retaining information technology professionals. In order to improve the efficiency of the training of these professionals, a research model is proposed as a basis for future research regarding the methods that exist for assessing training needs in information technology professionals.
Identification of the full-length coding sequence for human galactosyltransferase (β-N-acetylglucosaminide: β1,4-galactosyltransferase)

A λgt11 human placenta cDNA library was screened using a cDNA probe encoding the COOH-terminal region of human β 1,4-galactosyltransferase and with a synthetic oligonucleotide having a sequence corresponding to that of the 5′ end of the cDNA probe. The newly isolated cDNA was found to code for the NH 2 -terminal and the 5′-untranslated region, primed at an (A) 8 region in the coding sequence. A complete amino acid sequence has been deduced which shows only one membrane anchoring domain near the NH 2 -terminus. Comparison of the sequence to the soluble enzyme suggests proteolytic cleavage at Arg 77. Presently obtained information of human β 1,4-galactosyltransferase makes it possible to study DNA mutations responsible for genetic defects such as the altered expression of galactosyltransferase found in a variant of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II (HEMPAS).
Infants at Risk: Perinatal and Neonatal Factors

Studies have been reviewed to indicate that (a) prematurity and other perinatal hazards impose congenital constraints upon the behavior of the young infant, (b) experimental deficits within the ear...
Toward an Improved Scale for Assessing Symptom Severity in Children With Acute Otitis Media

The objective of the present study was to determine whether changes in the previously developed 7-item Acute Otitis Media Severity of Symptoms scale could improve its responsiveness and its longitudinal construct validity. The items "diminished activity" and "diminished appetite" had low or borderline levels of responsiveness and longitudinal construct validity. Dropping these items seems to be potentially advantageous.
Hydrocarbon toxicity: A review.

AbstractContext. Clinical effects of hydrocarbon exposure have been reported since 1897. These substances are ubiquitous, and their exposures are common. The specific hydrocarbon and route of exposure will determine the clinical effect, and an understanding of this is helpful in the care of the hydrocarbon-exposed patient. Objective. To complete a comprehensive review of the literature on hydrocarbon toxicity and summarize the findings. Methods. Relevant literature was identified through searches of Medline (PubMed/OVID) and Cochrane Library databases (inclusive of years 1975–2013), as well as from multiple toxicology textbooks. Bibliographies of the identified articles were also reviewed. Search terms included combinations of the following: hydrocarbons, inhalants, encephalopathy, coma, cognitive deficits, inhalant abuse, huffing, sudden sniffing death, toluene, renal tubular acidosis, metabolic acidosis, arrhythmia, dermatitis, and aspiration pneumonitis. All pertinent clinical trials, observational stu...
Domain-independent entity coreference in RDF graphs

In this paper, we present a novel entity coreference algorithm for Semantic Web instances. The key issues include how to locate context information and how to utilize the context appropriately. To collect context information, we select a neighborhood (consisting of triples) of each instance from the RDF graph. To determine the similarity between two instances, our algorithm computes the similarity between comparable property values in the neighborhood graphs. The similarity of distinct URIs and blank nodes is computed by comparing their outgoing links. To provide the best possible domain-independent matches, we examine an appropriate way to compute the discriminability of triples. To reduce the impact of distant nodes, we explore a distance-based discounting approach. We evaluated our algorithm using different instance categories in two datasets. Our experiments show that the best results are achieved by including both our triple discrimination and discounting approaches.
HF-laser performance of CO2-laser-ignited mixtures of SF6 :H2 and of S2F10 :H2☆

Abstract We have used a CO 2 laser to ignite mixtures of SF 6 :H 2 and S 2 F 10 :H 2 . We observed HF lasing from these mixtures when an optical resonator was constructed around the reaction cell. The HF-lasing performance of the two mixtures was compared as a function of mixture ratio, fluorine-donor pressure, and CO 2 -laser frequency. Under comparable conditions, the HF-laser output for S 2 F 10 :H 2 mixtures was typically 5–6 times greater than that for SF 6 :H 2 mixtures. Spectral output of the HF laser was coarsely resolved to provide data about the vibrational and rotational states of the HF molecule.
Materials analysis at the SNL/LLNL nuclear microprobe

Abstract A wide variety of materials have been analyzed using the nuclear microprobe in Livermore, including metals, low density foams, compound semiconductors for room temperature detectors, glasses and particulates. A brief overview of our recent work is given, in addition to a broader discussion of three specific applications. In the first application, Ion Microtomography (IMT) is used to produce three-dimensional mass density maps of low density foams being developed as targets for Z-pinch physics experiments. In the second application, we produce two-dimensional elemental maps of CdZnTe crystals being developed as room temperature radiation detectors. The maps help determine the effect of local variations in stoichiometry on detector performance. Finally, we discuss the measurement of trace elements and radial diffusion profiles in superconducting wire using micro-scale Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE).
A study of supported platinum catalysts for the production of hydrogen cyanide by the ammoxidation of methane

Abstract An investigation of the production of HCN by the ammoxidation of methane using supported platinum catalysts is discussed. The method of preparation has been shown to significantly affect the yields of HCN observed. The catalytic behaviour of supported catalysts is compared to that reported for gauze catalysts and it has been found that the supported catalysts are less affected by catalyst poisons and variation in space velocities.
Behavior of Reclaiming Agents in Sulfur and Nonsulfur GR-S Vulcanizates

Abstract 1. Di-tert-butyl-m-cresol sulfide was found to be less active in reclaiming p-benzoquinone dioxime-cured GR-S than in reclaiming sulfur-cured GR-S. It appeared to have no effect on p-benzoquione dioxime cures activated with red lead, though the presence of litharge or red lead in sulfur cures did not seem to retard reclaiming by the same agent. 2. N,N-di-n-butyl-m-toluidine sulfide had no reclaiming action under alkaline conditions on p-benzoquinone dioxime cured GR-S. Under these conditions the same sulfide reclaiming agent actively catalyzed the reclaiming of sulfur cures either in the presence or absence of litharge activation. 3. Di-tert-butyl-m-cresol sulfide did not affect the reclaiming of GR-S cured with dinitrobenzene and litharge. 4. Di-tert-butyl-m-cresol sulfide had a strong reclaiming action on a non-elemental sulfur cure (diisopropylxanthic disulfide) activated with litharge. 5. n-Octadecylamine was a reclaiming agent for sulfur-cured and benzoquinone dioxime-cured GR-S but less act...
Species of Storthyngura (Isopoda) From the Antarctic With Descriptions of Six New Species 1)

[Diese Veroffentlichung enthalt Beschreibungen und Abbildungen von sechs neuen Arten aus der Antarktis (Storthyngura eltaniae, S. falcata, S. sepigia, S. argentica, S. praegrandis, S. scotia) sowie Mitteilungen uber die vier bisher bekannten antarktischen Arten, die in der Sammlung der USNS "Eltanin" gefunden wurden: S. furcata, S. robustissima, S. birsteini und S. iriplispinosa., Diese Veroffentlichung enthalt Beschreibungen und Abbildungen von sechs neuen Arten aus der Antarktis (Storthyngura eltaniae, S. falcata, S. sepigia, S. argentica, S. praegrandis, S. scotia) sowie Mitteilungen uber die vier bisher bekannten antarktischen Arten, die in der Sammlung der USNS "Eltanin" gefunden wurden: S. furcata, S. robustissima, S. birsteini und S. iriplispinosa.]
Unusual sugar biosynthesis and natural product glycodiversification

The enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates and the attachment of sugar units to biological acceptor molecules catalyse an array of chemical transformations and coupling reactions. In prokaryotes, both common sugar precursors and their enzymatically modified derivatives often become substituents of biologically active natural products through the action of glycosyltransferases. Recently, researchers have begun to harness the power of these biological catalysts to alter the sugar structures and glycosylation patterns of natural products both in vivo and in vitro. Biochemical and structural studies of sugar biosynthetic enzymes and glycosyltransferases, coupled with advances in bioengineering methodology, have ushered in a new era of drug development.
Visualization of Time-Reversal Symmetry in Magnetic Point Groups

The direct visualization of crystallographic and magnetic point group symmetry by means of computer graphics simplifies the teaching of point group symmetry at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Still images and animated movies for all 32 crystallographic point groups, and for the 122 magnetic point groups, are presented. For each point group, the action of the symmetry operators on scalar and pseudo-scalar objects, as well as on polar and axial vectors, is represented as a three-dimensional rendered image. All images and movies are made available as supplementary educational material via a dedicated web site.
Personality factors in mental disorders of later life

The roles of personality factors in psychopathology are most often examined from the standpoint of personality disorders, but this approach may usefully be complemented by other theoretical and methodological perspectives. In particular, individual personalities can be conceptualized as having measurable degrees of various stable traits or as demonstrating evidence of various dynamic processes, such as specific cognitive, motivational, or emotional patterns. The author discusses these three basic approaches, reviews recent representative studies from each, and indicates directions for further research. A concluding section suggests ways to integrate the various approaches to more fully understand personality factors in late-life mental disorders.
Analysis of Thymol and Eugenol Employing Ion Exchange Resins

A quantitative analysis for thymol, eugenol, and clove oil has been developed by means of a spectrophotometric-anion exchange procedure. Suitable reagents which will produce colored compounds with small amounts of the phenolic substances have been selected. A comparison with the official assay for clove oil has been made. The ion exchange method indicated a full recovery of the phenols present in the oil and could be conducted in a much shorter period of time than the official method.
A summer time series of particulate carbon in the air and snow at Summit, Greenland

[1] Carbonaceous particulate matter is ubiquitous in the lower atmosphere, produced by natural and anthropogenic sources and transported to distant regions, including the pristine and climate-sensitive Greenland Ice Sheet. During the summer of 2006, ambient particulate carbonaceous compounds were characterized on the Greenland Ice Sheet, including the measurement of particulate organic (OC) and elemental (EC) carbon, particulate water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), particulate absorption coefficient (σap), and particle size-resolved number concentration (PM0.1–1.0). Additionally, parallel ∼50-day time series of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC), and elemental carbon (EC) were quantified at time increments of 4–24 h in the surface snow. Measurement of atmospheric particulate carbon found WSOC (average of 52 ng m−3) to constitute a major fraction of particulate OC (average of 56 ng m−3), suggesting that atmospheric organic compounds reaching the Greenland Ice Sheet in summer are highly oxidized. Atmospheric EC (average of 7 ng m−3) was well-correlated with σap (r = 0.95) and the calculated mass-absorption cross-section (average of 24 m2 g−1) appears to be similar to that measured using identical techniques in an urban environment in the United States. Comparing surface snow to atmospheric particulate matter concentrations, it appears the snow has a much higher OC (WSOC+WIOC) to EC ratio (205:1) than air (10:1), suggesting that snow is additionally influenced by water-soluble gas-phase compounds. Finally, the higher-frequency (every 4–6 h) sampling of snow-phase WSOC revealed significant loss (40–54%) of related organic compounds in surface snow within 8 h of wet deposition.
SURVIVAL OF CLOSTRIDIUM SPOROGENES PA 3679 IN HOME‐CANNED TOMATOES

C sporogenes PA 3679 and various acids including ReaLemon (a reconstituted lemon juice), cream of tartar, and citric acid were added to high pH tomatoes (pH > 4.6) prior to canning. Quart tomato jars were processed for 20 min to determine the effectiveness of different acids on inhibiting the growth of PA 3679 and for 45 min to determine the safety of using the procedures recommended in USDA Home and Garden Bulletin No. 8. ReaLemon prevented and acids inhibited the growth of PA 3679 in the 20-min heat treatment. Since the recommended procedures in Home and Garden Bulletin No. 8 for home-canning raw pack tomatoes in quart jars were modified, this study did not prove or disprove the safety of using the USDA recommendations for home-canning tomatoes.
Long‐Range Restriction Mapping of Megabase‐Sized Chromosomes that May Be Homologs in Trypanosoma brucei

Trypanosoma brucei is a blood-borne pathogen that changes its variant surface glycoprotein coat, thus evading immune destruction. Restriction digestion, combined with probe hybridization studies, was used to construct long-range restriction maps of the 1.4 (M4) and 1.5 megabase (M3) chromosomes from the IsTaR1 serodeme of T. b. brucei. Comparison of the two chromosomes suggests that they are a homologous pair. Hybridization with a repetitive sequence probe also identifies several copies on the M4 chromosome and a relative paucity of cross-hybridizing repetitive sequence on the larger M3 chromosome.
Test for the equality of interclass correlation cofefficients under unequal family sizes for several populations

Large sample ANOVA test and likelihood ratio test have been Proposed to test for the equaiity of sevcrai iniraciass correlation coefiicients unier unequai family sizes based on several independent multinormal samples, it has been found on the basis of simulation study that the likelihood ratio test consistenily and reliably produced results superior to those of the large sample ANOVA test in terms of power for various combinations of intraclass correlatxon coefficient values.
New functions for DNA modifications by TET-JBP

TET and JBP proteins catalyze the oxidation of methylated C bases in the mammalian genome and of the methyl group of T bases in kinetoplastid genomes, respectively. A recent study in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology suggests a new function of 5-methylcytosine oxidation in regulating RNA polymerase II elongation rate that is reminiscent of that of base J in transcription termination in Leishmania.
The CDC pacific emergency health initiative: a pilot study of emergency preparedness in Oceania.

Objective: Environmental emergencies and disasters are becoming more frequent in developing nations. Between 1992 and 1996, disasters affected an annual average of 4.5 million Oceania residents. Unfortunately, public health planners in the region and responders throughout the world have little evidence on which to base measures of emergency preparedness. Indicators of preparedness must be identified, implemented and evaluated before the effectiveness of emergency planning interventions can be measured accurately. The aim of this study was to perform an objective evaluation of emergency preparedness among five nations in Oceania. Methods: A standardized retrospective review of national-level public health and institutional-level hospital emergency operations plans from a convenience sample of five Pacific nations or territories was performed. In addition, in-country interviews, observation of operations and review of documentation were conducted. The rates of affirmative responses to 957 yes/no queries in the questionnaire were tabulated according to major emergency operational planning concepts and categories of emergency support functions. Results: The study revealed remarkably low levels of emergency planning and preparedness among health and medical sectors of five Pacific islands. Conclusion: These data suggest a very low level of host national capacity for development of preparedness. Further investigation is necessary to define this need throughout this region of Oceania. See Commentary, page 143.
How societal culture influences friction in the employee–organization relationship

Abstract The proposed model unpacks societal culture's multi-level influence on friction in the employee–organization relationship (EOR), resolving two knowledge gaps: overreliance in EOR research on employee-centered concepts, ignoring the influence of the organization; and minimal theoretical analysis on why societal culture contributes to relational problems between the organization and its employees ( Coyle-Shapiro & Shore, 2007 ). We argue that societal culture influences friction in employee–organization relationships through the individual-level mediator of work motives and the organization-level mediator of EOR strategy. Although EOR friction commonly occurs when employee work motives from one culture interact with EOR strategies from another, studies rarely examine the mechanisms that explain these relational challenges. Drawing on individualism, in-group collectivism and institutional collectivism, we explain two primary causes for EOR friction in each mismatched cultural condition, and offer potential solutions for reducing friction stemming from each source. Our arguments suggest that organizations who effectively adapt their HRM practices to the societal culture in which they operate will be less likely to experience EOR friction than organizations who adopt a more ‘one size fits all’ relational EOR strategy.
Persistent Postpneumonic Pneumatoceles in Children

Ten children who had developed pneumatoceles during the course of pneumonia are described. Seven of the ten patients had persistence of pneumatoceles for 12 months or more. There was no evidence of an underlying disorder in any of the patients, and all recovered completely without complications. The etiologic agent was identified in two of the ten cases as Staphylococcus aureus. In our experience, a delay in the resolution of pneumatoceles for a period of one or more years after an episode of pneumonia is not an unusual occurrence in normal healthy children.
Unveiling transcription factor regulation and differential co-expression genes in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Background: Gene expression analysis is powerful for investigating the underlying mechanisms of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Previous studies mainly neglected co-expression or transcription factor (TF) information. Here we integrated TF information into differential co-expression analysis (DCEA) to explore new understandings of DMD pathogenesis. Methods: Using two microarray datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we firstly detected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways enriched with DEGs. Secondly, we constructed differentially regulated networks to integrate the TF-to-target information and the differential co-expression genes. Results: A total of 454 DEGs were detected and both KEGG pathway and ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that pathways enriched with aberrantly regulated genes are mostly involved in the immune response processes. DCEA results generated 610 pairs of DEGs regulated by at least one common TF, including 78 pairs of co-expressed DEGs. A network was constructed to illustrate their relationships and a subnetwork for DMD related molecules was constructed to show genes and TFs that may play important roles in the secondary changes of DMD. Among the DEGs which shared TFs with DMD, six genes were co-expressed with DMD, including ATP1A2, C1QB, MYOF, SAT1, TRIP10 ,a ndIFI6. Conclusion: Our results may provide a new understanding of DMD and contribute potential targets for future therapeutic tests. Virtual slides: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/ 13000_2014_210
Management of elder sexual abuse cases in critical care settings

Elder sexual abuse remains a silent and often invisible crime in persons who have limited cognitive abilities. On occasion, physical injury to elders is serious enough to require hospitalization and at that point, critical care nurses swing into action. In addition to providing acute care interventions, nurses can collect important forensic evidence through documenting and photographing injuries and reporting suspected cases to proper authorities.
Bovine amniotic fluid as tissue culture medium in cultivation of poliomyelitis and other viruses.

SummaryBovine amniotic fluid induced active cell growth when substituted for balanced salt solution and bovine serum ultranltrate in a medium used for the cultivation of embryonic and mature human tissues in roller tube cultures. The growth was more luxuriant than that observed in comparable cultures maintained with the balanced salt mixture. Moreover, superior yields of poliomyelitis viruses have been obtained in cultures nourished with bovine amniotic fluid as a constituent of the medium and in such cultures the minimal infecting dose of these agents has also proved to be smaller. Bovine amniotic fluid does not interfere with the neutralization of poliomyelitis virus by specific antibody. Through the use of bovine amniotic fluid the labor and expense involved in the preparation and maintenance of tissue cultures applied to the propagation of poliomyelitis virus and certain other agents of this class have been reduced.
Producing and measuring small electron bunches

Significant progress has been made in the last few years in ultra-short and high-brightness electron beam production and measurements. For many applications, such as laser and high-frequency RF (W-band) accelerators, and high-gain harmonic generation free electron laser, electron beams with bunch length and transverse emittance smaller than optical wavelength are required. The status of such small electron beam production around the world is briefly reviewed. The experimental results of small electron beam production using photocathode RF gun with magnetic bunch compression system, and emittance growth in the compressor are discussed. We also discuss various techniques for characterizing such small electron beam, specially RF kicker cavity for photocathode RF gun based linac, and using coherent radiation for bunch length measurement. The analysis of the kilo-Ampere 10 fs electron beam generation at the ATF is presented.