cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Time lost: Factors influencing advanced practice provider's prioritization of sleep.

BACKGROUND Prescribing patient care providers regularly experience insufficient sleep, putting them at increased risk of committing occupational injuries, accidents, and errors and developing chronic health conditions. OBJECTIVE Identify antecedents to short sleep (≤6-hours sleep in 24-hour period) in the understudied population of hospital-based Advanced Practice Providers (APPs). METHODS Using an ethnographic research design, data included APP and key stakeholder interviews, hospital observations, and relevant documents. Interview data were analyzed using modified constant comparative method. RESULTS Nine APPs were interviewed, revealing four themes: Social/Family Obligations and Value of Connectivity, Community Value of Sleep, Organizational Value of Sleep, and Individual Biology and How the Body Values Sleep. APP decisions to prioritize sleep are based on an interplay of societal, professional, organizational, and personal values. Triangulated data verified results, except regarding how APP sleep deficit can lead to mood disturbances and the lack sleep consideration in patient care error reporting. CONCLUSIONS Findings demonstrate the importance of consistency in messaging, action, and policy when promoting occupational sleep health among healthcare workers. Implications include instituting worker sleep education, leadership modeling healthy sleep habits, and inclusion of sleep in root cause analyses. Additional consideration includes evaluating the influence of nursing culture on nurse practitioners' sleep habits.
CANINE: Pre-training an Efficient Tokenization-Free Encoder for Language Representation

Pipelined NLP systems have largely been superseded by end-to-end neural modeling, yet nearly all commonly-used models still require an explicit tokenization step. While recent tokenization approaches based on data-derived subword lexicons are less brittle than manually engineered tokenizers, these techniques are not equally suited to all languages, and the use of any fixed vocabulary may limit a model's ability to adapt. In this paper, we present CANINE, a neural encoder that operates directly on character sequences, without explicit tokenization or vocabulary, and a pre-training strategy that operates either directly on characters or optionally uses subwords as a soft inductive bias. To use its finer-grained input effectively and efficiently, CANINE combines downsampling, which reduces the input sequence length, with a deep transformer stack, which encodes context. CANINE outperforms a comparable mBERT model by 2.8 F1 on TyDi QA, a challenging multilingual benchmark, despite having 28% fewer model parameters.
Abstract 13352: Decreased Absolute Lymphocyte Count and Increased Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-associated Myocarditis

Introduction: Myocarditis due to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is a potentially fatal immune-related adverse event (irAE). Hypothesis: Limited data have suggested an association between...
Orbital optimization in nonorthogonal multiconfigurational self-consistent field applied to the study of conical intersections and avoided crossings.

Nonorthogonal approaches to electronic structure methods have recently received renewed attention, with the hope that new forms of nonorthogonal wavefunction Ansatze may circumvent the computational bottleneck of orthogonal-based methods. The basis in which nonorthogonal configuration interaction is performed defines the compactness of the wavefunction description and hence the efficiency of the method. Within a molecular orbital approach, nonorthogonal configuration interaction is defined by a “different orbitals for different configurations” picture, with different methods being defined by their choice of determinant basis functions. However, identification of a suitable determinant basis is complicated, in practice, by (i) exponential scaling of the determinant space from which a suitable basis must be extracted, (ii) possible linear dependencies in the determinant basis, and (iii) inconsistent behavior in the determinant basis, such as disappearing or coalescing solutions, as a result of external perturbations, such as geometry change. An approach that avoids the aforementioned issues is to allow for basis determinant optimization starting from an arbitrarily constructed initial determinant set. In this work, we derive the equations required for performing such an optimization, extending previous work by accounting for changes in the orthogonality level (defined as the dimension of the orbital overlap kernel between two determinants) as a result of orbital perturbations. The performance of the resulting wavefunction for studying avoided crossings and conical intersections where strong correlation plays an important role is examined.
Chapter 5 Abundance, Distribution, and Grazing Impact of Zooplankton on the Washington Shelf

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a first-order estimate of the grazing capability of zooplankton populations on the Washington shelf during summer. It reviews information on the abundance, distribution, and biomass of important grazer populations in the Oregon and Washington coastal environment. It also derives the estimates of biomass-specific grazing potential for each taxonomic grouping based on the organism size and feeding and growth rates in laboratory and field studies. Grazing-rate estimates and population-biomass distributions are combined in the chapter to provide cross-shelf estimates of community grazing potential relative to the primary production during field experiments in August 1981 and June 1982. As a test of the grazing-rate calculations, predicted rates and relationships are compared to grazing and vertical-flux rate measurements on the Washington mid-shelf during a field experiment in August 1983.
Scaling wideband distributed transmit beamforming via aggregate feedback

We investigate distributed beamforming from a cluster of N cooperating transmitters to a distant destination over a wideband dispersive channel. Feedback from the destination is critical for enabling this. In order to develop protocols that scale to arbitrarily large numbers of cooperating nodes, we restrict attention to aggregate feedback broadcast from the destination to the entire transmit cluster, rather than per-transmitter channel feedback as in conventional feedback-based MIMO systems. We first show that naive application of a one-bit feedback algorithm developed for narrowband channels to each subcarrier in an OFDM system does achieve beamforming gain on each subcarrier, but results in an effective channel at the destination with severe phase discontinuities across frequency, which is not amenable to standard receive channel estimation algorithms. We then show that it is possible to enforce smoothness of phase across frequency by augmenting the feedback to 2 bits per subcarrier, which enables modeling and estimation of the effective channel as sparse in the time domain. Our preliminary results show that, even when the SNR per node is well below the threshold for reliable demodulation, it is possible to bootstrap using the N-fold power pooling gain obtained from incoherent combining of the signals from multiple transmitters, and to attain a significant fraction of the N2-fold beamforming gain using the proposed algorithm. We also discuss a number of open issues, recognizing that this is only a first step in developing scalable, wideband, distributed MIMO systems.
The dynamic frame protocol

A novel MAC protocol is being developed for use with a satellite communications (SATCOM) on-the-move (SOTM) prototype development terminal. The dynamic frame protocol (DFP) was proposed based on anticipated efficiency for shared transponder access for mobile SATCOM. The protocol supports multiple levels of quality of service (QoS), multicast messaging, can scale to 10s of nodes and can be implemented on low cost commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware. The protocol was based on the time division multiple access (TDMA) interface processor (TIP), a dynamically assigned TDMA protocol with centralized timeslot allocation. This base protocol was chosen for its QoS support, low, delay properties, and channel efficiency. DFP is the result of modifying the TIP protocol to combat the effects of long modem acquisition times, a consequence of the currently available hardware and the mobile environment in which it is being used. DFP improves both the channel efficiency and overall message delay by grouping channel accesses for a single node into variable length timeslot groups. Channel efficiency is further improved by the use of variable length frames. This adapts the sum total channel access time of all nodes within a network to the current message volume. Mathematical models show significant improvement of DFP over TIP in both overall delay and channel efficiency.
Active Sampling of Networks

In network classification, a typical assumption is knowledge of all edges when computing the joint distribution of the instances in the network. That is, for an instance in the network, the neighbors of the instance and their attributes are known. Such settings include social networks such as Facebook where a person’s friends are known, allowing for prediction of an attribute of the person given the description of their friends. However, in other domains, relationship information may not be available for all nodes in the network due to privacy or legal restrictions or because a cost is associated with determining the connections of a node. For example, it is unreasonable to expect to be able to access the phone records of the entire population when attempting to identify a handful of individuals involved in illegal or fraudulent activities. We refer to this problem domain as Active Sampling, a domain where instances’ labels and edges are acquired through an iterative process in order to identify a handful of instances in a network. In this work, we develop this problem domain formally and present methods estimating the probability of an instance being positively labeled using only the previously acquired samples. Furthermore, we extend our methods to allow for collective inference and learned priors and demonstrate the robustness of the techniques on two synthetic and two real-world datasets. Appearing in Proceedings of the Workshop on Mining and Learning with Graphs (MLG-2012), Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, 2012. Copyright 2012 by the author(s)/owner(s).
Properties of Synemin, a Protein Important in Maintaining theStructural Integrity of Muscle Cells

Intermediate filaments (IFs), composed primarily of the protein desmin, link together the myofibrils in skeletal muscle. We have shown that the protein synemin is a novel IF protein and that it interacts with desmin. Together, these proteins are important in maintaining the structural integrity of muscle cells.
PRINCIPAL-AGENT RELATIONSHIPS IN MULTINATIONAL BANKS - EVIDENCE FROM EXECUTIVE APPOINTMENTS *

Explanations for differences in the performance and behavior of domestic and foreign-owned banks are grounded in assumptions about the ability of parent banks to provide subsidiaries with capital and knowledge and the ability to manage asymmetric information and agency problems in the parent-subsidiary relationship. In this paper, we present a unique new dataset to investigate how foreign owners use the power to appoint executives at their subsidiaries to manage these agency problems. We find that parent banks are more likely to choose host-country CEOs when monitoring institutions (supervision and accounting rules) in the host country are strong. Moreover, the effect of monitoring institutions on CEO type is stronger when there is strict supervision in the parent country and when cultural distance between home and host countries is large. These results are in line with a set of hypothesis that are based on the assumptions that the appointment of CEOs involves a trade-off between insight into the local business environment and congruence of objectives and that, on the margin, host-country CEOs have better insight, while the objectives of parent-bank CEOs are better aligned with those of the parent. However, we find no evidence that an improvement in creditor rights or credit information, which reduce information asymmetries within subsidiaries, have an impact on CEO appointments.
Labor Market Inefficiency and Economic Restructuring: Evidence from Cross-Sectoral Data

The U.S. business cycle that began with the recession of 2001 featured both a “jobless recovery” and substantial structural change, leading some to ponder the “Sectoral Shift Hypothesis,” whereby restructuring purportedly creates labor market inefficiencies. Previous studies have analyzed aggregate time series, but new data permit a cross-sectoral comparison between restructuring and increased labor market inefficiency (as measured from sector Beveridge curves). This paper develops an estimation method and quantifies substantial increases in inefficiency during this period. However, contrary to the hypothesis, the increased inefficiency bears little relationship to the extent of sectors' structural change.
Comparison of radar and gauge precipitation data in watershed models across varying spatial and temporal scales

Precipitation is a key control on watershed hydrologic modelling output, with errors in rainfall propagating through subsequent stages of water quantity and quality analysis. Most watershed models incorporate precipitation data from rain gauges; higher-resolution data sources are available, but they are associated with greater computational requirements and expertise. Here, we investigate whether the Multisensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE or Stage IV Next-Generation Radar) data improve the accuracy of streamflow simulations using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), compared with rain gauge data. Simulated flows from 2002 to 2010 at five timesteps were compared with observed flows for four nested subwatersheds of the Neuse River basin in North Carolina (21-, 203-, 2979-, and 10 100-km2 watershed area), using a multi-objective function, informal likelihood-weighted calibration approach. Across watersheds and timesteps, total gauge precipitation was greater than radar precipitation, but radar data showed a conditional bias of higher rainfall estimates during large events (>25–50 mm/day). Model parameterization differed between calibrations with the two datasets, despite the fact that all watershed characteristics were the same across simulation scenarios. This underscores the importance of linking calibration parameters to realistic processes. SWAT simulations with both datasets underestimated median and low flows, whereas radar-based simulations were more accurate than gauge-based simulations for high flows. At coarser timesteps, differences were less pronounced. Our results suggest that modelling efforts in watersheds with poor rain gauge coverage can be improved with MPE radar data, especially at short timesteps. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
On The Formality Theorem for the Differential Graded Lie Algebra of Drinfeld

We discuss the differential graded Lie algebra (DGLA) of Drinfeld modeled on the tensor algebra of the universal enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra g over any field K of characteristic zero. We explicitly analyze the first obstruction to the existence of the formality quasi-isomorphism for this DGLA. Our analysis implies the formality of the DGLA of Drinfeld associated to the two-dimensional Borel algebra b.
A Translation of Anson Burlingame's Instructions from the Chinese Foreign Office

During the winter of 1867–1868 the Chinese Foreign Office dispatched its first diplomatic mission to the United States and Europe. The stipulated time for treaty revision was drawing near and the Chinese government had reason to expect that the Treaty Powers, under pressure from their merchants doing business in China, would demand a considerable expansion of the privileges which they had forced the Chinese to grant them on previous occasions. Fearful of the internal effects of a great extension of foreign influence and activity, the Foreign Office decided to send a special embassy directly to the governments of the various Treaty Powers to plead for patience and forbearance.
Functional MRI neuroimaging: the effect of slice thickness and echo time

Summary form only given. To understand the number of partitions necessary to achieve an adequate sampling density and to determine when it is appropriate to use 3-D or 2-D techniques, the authors have characterized observed signal changes during stimulation of the primary visual cortex as a function of slice thickness and echo time for a gradient echo acquisition technique that is sensitive to changes in regional blood oxygenation. As expected, there is an increase in total signal with thicker slices. However, the increase in signal intensity does not lead directly to improvements in the detectability of signal change (percent change divided by standard error of the mean). Even though absolute signal intensity decreases with longer echo times, the percent signal change generally increase with increasing echo time. This effect is diminished as slice thickness increases. For time-resolved echo-planar neuroimaging of the visual cortex at 1.5 T, a slice thickness of 4 to 7 mm is acceptable. >
Probing endoplasmic reticulum dynamics using fluorescence imaging and photobleaching techniques.

This unit describes approaches and tools for studying the dynamics and organization of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes and proteins in living cells using fluorescence microscopy. The ER plays a key role in secretory protein biogenesis, calcium regulation, and lipid synthesis. However, study of these processes has often been restricted to biochemical assays that average millions of lysed cells or imaging of static fixed cells. With new fluorescent protein (FP) reporter tools, sensitive commercial microscopes, and photobleaching techniques, investigators can interrogate the behaviors of ER proteins, membranes, and stress pathways in single live cells. Solutions are described for imaging challenges relevant to the ER, including the mobility of ER membranes, a range of ER structures, and the influence of post-translational modifications on FP reporters. Considerations for performing photobleaching assays for ER proteins are discussed. Finally, reporters and drugs for studying misfolded secretory protein stress and the unfolded protein response are described. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 60:21.7.1-21.7.29. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: FRAP; FLIP; confocal microscopy; live cell imaging; superfolder green fluorescent protein; diffusion; membrane; tubule; microtubule
News Framing During a Time of Impending War An Examination of Coverage in The New York Times prior to the 2003 Iraq War

This article is an empirical analysis that falls under the category of media criticism and accountability. Specifically, the study investigated the manner in which The New York Times framed the events, issues and actors during the month prior to the start of the 2003 war with Iraq. The study focused on: Saddam Hussein, George Bush Jr, the United Nations, weapons of mass destruction, the US Armed Forces (in Iraq) and France, Germany and Russia. The study discovered negative bias in the coverage, especially toward Saddam Hussein, WMDs, the UN and France, Germany and Russia.
Localization of a nuclear protein during development in the pea seedling

Abstract The subcellular localization of a nuclear antigenic protein has been accomplished through the application of immunogold methodology for immunocytochemistry. Protein extracted from internode tissue of pea seedlings was used for the production of a monoclonal antibody that was applied to tissue sections for electron microscopy. As second antibody, goat anti-mouse IgG conjugated with colloidal gold served as label. The 30 kDa nuclear protein was localized in internode tissue only in the chromatin of differentiating and mature companion cells and parenchyma cells of the phloem. By contrast, virtually all of the meristematic, undifferentiated, cells in the apical dome exhibited nuclear labeling. In young, differentiating internode tissue immediately behind the apex nuclear labeling was found in all cell types except pith parenchyma. The changing localization of this 30 kDa protein with the progression of cell differentiation suggests the possibility that this protein may, in some way, be related to regulatory events of development.
Impact of layout on the performance of photodiodes in 0.18µm CMOS SOI

The impact of layout on the responsivity and bandwidth of photodiodes is studied and summarized. The photodiodes are fabricated in a 0.18μm CMOS SOI process technology. The measurements are performed at wavelengths near 850nm.
Cavity Optomechanics with Suspended Carbon Nanotubes

We demonstrate large optomechanical coupling between a carbon nanotube and an optical microresonator. We measured a dominantly dissipative optomechanical coupling coefficient of gk = 1 MHz/nm
Dispersion and Attenuation of Small Artificial Pressure Waves in the Canine Aorta

Elastic behavior of large blood vessels in canine aorta by measuring dispersion and attenuation of artificially induced pressure waves
Well-defined poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and its amphiphilic block copolymers via acidolysis of anionically synthesized poly(2-vinyloxyethyl methacrylate)

A novel approach to a well-defined poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [poly(HEMA)] and to its amphiphilic block copolymers was developed. The selective living anionic polymerization of the methacryloyl group of the bifunctional monomer 2-vinyloxyethyl methacrylate (VEMA) generated a functional polymer with a controlled molecular weight and a narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn= 1.05–1.09). This polymer is very stable under normal conditions. Being soluble in the common organic solvents, its characterization could be carried out easily. The unreacted vinyl groups in the side chains of the resulting polymer were further reacted with hydrochloric acid. This acidolysis changed poly(VEMA) to a well-defined poly(HEMA). In addition, the anionic block copolymerization of VEMA with styrene or methyl methacrylate also proceeded smoothly, generating the corresponding block copolymers. After acidolysis, these copolymers were turned into amphiphilic block copolymers containing a hydrophilic poly(HEMA) block.
The dissolution of human cross-linked plasma fibrin clots by the equimolar human plasmin-derived light (B) chain-streptokinase complex. The acceleration of clot lysis by pretreatment of fibrin clots with the light (B) chain.

Abstract The equimolar human light (B) chain·streptokinase activator complex was shown to be an effective fibrinolytic agent in the dissolution of human cross-linked plasma fibrin clots, in vitro; its activator activity was similar to that of the equimolar human plasmin·streptokinase complex. 125 I-radiolabelled preparations of the human plasmin-derived light(B) and heavy(A) chains, and Lys-plasminogen were shown to be adsorbed to cross-linked plasma fibrin clots invitro to the same extent. Clot lysis by the light(B) chain·streptokinase complex, the plasmin·streptokinase complex, streptokinase and urokinase was enhanced by a factor of at least 10-fold when the fibrin clots were pretreated with either the light(B) chain or Lys-plasminogen, but was not enhanced when the fibrin clots were pretreated with the heavy(A) chain. The activator activities of the light(B) chain·streptokinase complex, the plasmin·streptokinase complex and streptokinase were similar on these pretreated cross-linked fibrin clots. Limited proteolysis of fibrinogen by the light(B) chain and by plasmin showed the same specificity giving Fragments X, Y, D and E, but the rate of hydrolysis of fibrinogen by the light(B) chain was much slower.
Multiple pure tone noise generation and control.

The generation of multiple pure tones in supersonic fans is discussed. The theoretical results of Kurasaka are reviewed and compared with experimental data obtained on a 36-in. diameter, 1550 ft/sec, 1.6 pressure ratio fan. Detailed measurements on bow shock locations taken with pressure transducers indicate that blade to blade discrepancies are the source of MPT generation. The paper presents some experimental results on an attempt to reduce the shock strength, and subsequently the MPT's, through blade modifications. Other attempts at reducing the MPT's through wall treatment, high inlet flow Mach number, acoustically treated splitters - are discussed. Experimental data is presented on the validity of these noise reduction methods.
Art as science: scientific illustration, 1490–1670 in drawing, woodcut and copper plate

Observation, depiction and description are active forces in the doing of science. Advances in observation and analysis come with advances in techniques of description and communication. In this article, these questions are related to the work of Leonardo da Vinci, 16th-century naturalists and artists like Conrad Gessner and Teodoro Ghisi, and 17th-century micrographers like Robert Hooke.
Pulmonary disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria

The propensity of various nontuberculous mycobacteria to cause lung disease varies widely and is conditioned by host factors; infection is believed to occur from environmental sources. Nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease (PNTM) is increasing worldwide and Mycobacterium avium complex is the most common cause. PNTM usually occurs in one of three prototypical forms: hypersensitivity pneumonitis, cavitary tuberculosis-like disease or nodular bronchiectasis. PNTM has been linked in some patients to genetic variants of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene and a distinct patient phenotype. Interactions between PNTM and other comorbidities are also increasingly appreciated. Guidelines for diagnosis, emphasizing chest imaging and microbiology, have been published; speciation using molecular techniques is critical for accuracy and for treatment decisions. Clinical trials are lacking to inform treatment for many species and experience with M. avium complex and several others species...
Casease in Entamoeba histolytica.

CASEASE, the proteolytic, casein-hydrolysing enzyme, has been reported in many bacteria. It has not hitherto been detected in the protozoan, Entamoeba histolytica. In earlier studies, Nakamura1 reported the absence of casease in certain strains of the amœbae. It was thought that the failure to demonstrate the enzyme might have been due to the comparatively large amounts of casein in the assay plates. Therefore, the experiments were repeated using a modification of the same method but incorporating smaller concentrations of casein in the test plates.
Enzyme levels in raw meat after low dose ionizing radiation and extended refrigerated storage.

Abstract Bovine semimembranosus muscle samples obtained aseptically 24 h after slaughter were irradiated at 1, 5 and 10 kGy between 0 and 4°C and stored at 2°C to determine effects of low level ionizing radiation on tissue-free enzyme levels. Samples were analyzed after 1, 7, 14 and 28 days of storage. Nonspecific proteolysis was measured using 14 C-hemoglobin as the substrate. For determination of possible effect by irradiation on lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase and β-glucuronidase were measured. Assays for acid phosphatase and hemoglobin proteolysis indicated negative relationship between increasing dose and enzymatic activity. At 10 kGy mean reductions in enzymatic activity were 8% and 42%, respectively, β-Glucuronidase was not affected at this or at the lower levels of radiation. Correlation between dosage and storage time with enzymatic activity was not significant.
Comparison of 60Co Response and 10 KeV X-Ray Response in MOS Capacitors

Recently there has been great practical interest in using low energy (10 keV) x-rays rather than the usual 60Co for radiation testing of microelectronic circuits. In this work we examine some of the mechanisms underlying the radiation response of MOS capacitors in these two environments. Specifically we measure the thickness dependent dose enhancement in thin SiO2 films, and we measure the field dependence of the recombination. We found significant dose enhancement for 10 keV x-rays for thin oxides, and the recombination is generally greater at field of practical interest for 10 keV x-rays than for 60Co. The implications of these results for device testing are discussed.
Some cognitive implications of informant variability in Zinacanteco speech classification

This paper describes some cases of interand intra-informant variability which cannot be explained in terms of social and contextual factors, and which do not seem to require probabilistic models to account for them. Analysis of several Zinacanteco speech taxonomies suggests that what are called variant responses are often only incomplete responses, and that if the cognitive system is represented as a taxonomy, then it is a taxonomy which is made up of a number of partial taxonomies, each of which is produced by a different informant or group of informants or by the same informant on different occasions. A frequently used method of 'controlled eliciting' is shown to be inherently incapable of guaranteeing the elicitation of complete taxonomies in every interview. For this reason, it is urged that before constructing a model of a cognitive system it is first necessary to establish what is 'real' cognitive variation by recognizing and eliminating that variation which results from methodological indeterminacy. (Ethnoscience, cognition, variability, methodology, controlled eliciting, folk taxonomy, speech, Maya languages.) Ethnoscientists have assumed that the members of each community have a common system for perceiving and organizing phenomena in their world of experience. They have viewed their task as one of discovering the principles according to which people order their experience (Goodenough I957). The early studies in ethnoscience did not mention informant variability. Since the object of the investigation was to elicit a taxonomy which would be representative of the community, it was essential that the responses elicited remain stable, not only from informant to informant, but also from interview to interview with the same informant (Metzger & Williams I966). Yet in practice [i] The fieldwork for this paper was supported by NIMH Predoctoral fellowship MH20,345 and was carried out under the sponsorship of Professor Evon Z. Vogt, director of the Harvard Chiapas Project, which provided much of the logistical support for my research. I gratefully acknowledge the support of these institutions and Professor Vogt's interest and encouragement. I owe a great debt to Professor Duane G. Metzger, who first introduced me to the method of controlled eliciting during the summer of I964. I would also like to thank Dell Hymes and Joan Rubin for their valuable comments on an earlier draft of this paper.
The number of cells used for immunotherapy of repeated spontaneous abortion influences pregnancy outcome.

Abstract One hundred and sixty-eight women were immunized on a single occasion with paternal mononuclear cells (MNC) for recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and pregnancy outcomes were analysed with respect to the number of MNC given. The study was done in a prospective sequential fashion using all MNC recoverable from a unit of the spouse's blood and both patients and investigators were blinded as to the number of cells injected. Women receiving low and mid-range doses of MNC (58–305 × 10 6 and 308–567 × 10 6 , respectively) had a significantly higher pregnancy success rate (57%) than those receiving the high (568–2677 × 10 6 ) dose of MNC (41%). In 77 consecutive patients the diameter of the largest immediate skin flare reaction at the site of subcutaneous injection was recorded. No correlation was found between the skin flare response and the number of MNC injected. Our data suggest that a blinded trial of paternal MNC immunization comparing what appears to be optimum numbers of cells (100–550 million) to a low dose inoculum (e.g., 10 million), again noting the sizes of the skin flare reactions, might answer questions about efficacy and placebo effects of immunotherapy for RSA.
Precarious Rock Evidence for Seismic Shaking During and Prior to the 1992 ML 5.6 Little Skull Mountain, Nevada, Earthquake

Abstract The 29 June 1992 Richter local magnitude (ML) 5.6 Little Skull Mountain earthquake, 20 km southeast of Yucca Mountain, caused rockfalls on steep slopes of Little Skull Mountain, while some semi-precarious rocks remained in place. The observation that ground motion was sufficient to cause rockfalls and yet leave semi-precarious rocks untoppled offers both upper- and lower-bound estimates of the history of ground motion at Little Skull Mountain. A ground-motion synthesis code, used in Yucca Mountain probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), was applied to assess the spatial distribution of peak ground acceleration around Little Skull Mountain with respect to the surface attenuation and evidence for ground shaking during the earthquake. Instrumental records for the earthquake, rockfalls, remaining precarious rocks, intensity values estimated from damage to local facilities, and scaling of ground motions based on a recent ML 4.4 Little Skull Mountain aftershock were compared with model prediction...
Toxicity of fluorine short-term inhalation.

Abstract Rats, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits and dogs were exposed to fluorine for five, 15, 30 or 60 minutes. The LC50's and effects at lower concentrations were determined. High concentrations of fluorine caused marked irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract, and damage to the lungs, liver and kidneys. Exposure at or below 100 ppm for 5 minutes, 70 ppm for 15 minutes, 55 ppm for 30 minutes or 45 ppm for 60 minutes caused no apparent effects in the animals. Exposure of volunteer human subjects revealed very little irritation at concentrations up to 25 ppm. There was marked irritation of the eyes and nose at 100 ppm.
Plastic Yield Conditions for Adhesive Contacts Between a Rigid Sphere and an Elastic Half-Space

Hertz contact theory allows the onset of yielding to be predicted for those contacts in which the effect of adhesion can be neglected. However, in microscale contacts, such as those that occur in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), yielding will occur for lower loads than those predicted by Hertz. For such cases, the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts (JKR), Derjaguin–Muller–Toporov (DMT), and Greenwood–Johnson (GJ) theories extend the Hertz theory to include the effect of adhesion. The present study gives yield conditions for the JKR, DMT, and Greenwood–Johnson theories of adhesion. Attention is first focused on the initiation of yield along the axis of symmetry of an elastic half-space contacted by a rigid sphere. The results show that the critical loads for the three adhesion theories are close together, but differ significantly from that predicted by Hertz. In fact, it is possible for yielding to occur due to adhesion alone, without an external load. A curve-fit formula is given for the yield load as a function of an adhesion parameter for different Poisson’s ratios. Results are then obtained for the onset of plastic deformation away from the axis of symmetry using the Greenwood–Johnson theory of adhesion.
Limit-periodic Schrödinger operators with uniformly localized eigenfunctions

We exhibit limit-periodic Schrodinger operators that are uniformly localized in the strongest sense possible. That is, for these operators there are uniform exponential decay rates such that every element of the hull has a complete set of eigenvectors that decay exponentially off their centers of localization at least as fast as prescribed by the uniform decay rate. Consequently, these operators exhibit uniform dynamical localization.
Clindamycin treatment of invasive infections caused by community-acquired, methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in children.

Background.Community-acquired, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is an established pathogen in several areas of the United States, but experience with clindamycin for the treatment of invasive MRSA infections is limited. We compared the outcome of therapy for MRSA with that of me
Prevalence and impact of posttraumatic stress disorder-like symptoms on patients with fibromyalgia syndrome.

Abstract:Objective:Traumatic events can result in a set of symptoms including nightmares, recurrent and intrusive recollections, avoidance of thoughts or activities associated with the traumatic event, and symptoms of increased arousal such as insomnia and hypervigilance. These posttraumatic stress
Characterization of critical eigenvalues of axial flow engine compressor PDE model

In this article, we study the spectrum of axial flow engine compressor PDE model and show that there are three types of critical eigenvalues which determine the stability of the steady solution of the system depending on the compressor geometry. All of these critical eigenvalues cross the imaginary axis with nonzero speeds as the throttle coefficient increases, leading to Hopf bifurcations of the system. †Dedicated to Professor Wei Lin on the occasion of his 70th birthday.
Troglitazone attenuates hypoxia-induced injury in cultured term human trophoblasts

Objective The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the thiazolidinedione troglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor–γ ligand, attenuates hypoxia-induced trophoblast injury. Study design Cytotrophoblasts from 4 term human placentas were cultured in the presence or absence of 10 μmol/L troglitazone in either 20% oxygen (standard conditions) or 1% oxygen (hypoxic conditions) for variable periods before cell harvest. Medium β–human chorionic gonadotropin and human placental lactogen were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Apoptosis was quantified by cytokeratin-18 cleavage products staining; p53 expression was examined by Western blot analysis. Results β–human chorionic gonadotropin and human placental lactogen levels were ≥2-fold higher in troglitazone-exposed cells at 16 hours of hypoxia, compared with vehicle control cells ( P P P 24 hours of low oxygen. Conclusion Troglitazone attenuates the influence of acute hypoxia on cultured term human trophoblasts.
Potassium supplementation ameliorates mineralocorticoid-induced sodium retention

Potassium supplementation ameliorates mineralocorticoid-induced sodium retention. Potassium depletion induced by dietary potassium restriction causes sodium retention while potassium supplementation augments urinary sodium excretion. The role of external potassium balance in modulating mineralocorticoid-induced sodium retention in humans is unknown. Accordingly, eight healthy subjects were studied at the Clinical Research Center receiving a constant diet providing (per kg body wt) sodium 2.5 mmol, potassium 1.1 mmol daily. After establishing basal sodium and potassium balance over three days, each subject received 9α-fludrocortisone 0.4 mg/day for 10 days. Subjects were studied twice, four to eight weeks apart, in a double blind, randomized crossover design receiving either placebo or additional KC1 (80 mmol/day) over the 10 day study period. Serum potassium concentrations were unchanged from basal values on KCl while the values fell (4.1 ± 0.1 vs. 3.4 ± 0.1 mmol/liter, P=0.01) on placebo. Urinary sodium excretion decreased with fludrocortisone administration in both groups, but this decrease reached significance only in the placebo group. Furthermore, during fludrocortisone administration the sodium excretion rates on KCl were significantly higher compared to the values noted on placebo (134 ± 8 vs. 112 ± 13 mmol/day, P=0.01). Body weight recorded after 10 days of fludrocortisone administration was higher on placebo compared to KC1 (72.3 ± 2.8 vs. 71.6 ± 2.8 kg, P=0.01). Plasma renin activity, and aldosterone concentrations decreased on fludrocortisone while atrial natriuretic peptide levels increased. These studies suggest that amelioration of hypokalemia attenuates mineralocorticoid-induced sodium retention. Therefore, potassium depletion may contribute to the mineralocorticoid-induced sodium retention.
Cumulative Dose Distribution Analysis for CT Image-Guided Stereotactic Radiation Therapy for Spine Metastases Patients

Results: Thirty-one (31.3%) of these 99 heavily pretreated patients had an overall survival of six months or greater. There were no significant toxicities or treatment related deaths. The mean and median treatment volumes were 336 ccm and 388 ccm respectively, which is significantly larger than those reported previous re-irradiation series. Histological grading, time from initial diagnosis to the initiation of PLDR and KPS were the strongest predictors for overall survival. Conclusions: PRDR is a model-based methodology using reduced dose-rate external beam radiotherapy that is well tolerated and may be an effective treatment in patients with recurrent gliomas. Although the tendency is to minimize both total dose and treatment volume when re-irradiating brain tissue, our results suggest that the utilization PRDR may allow for the safe re-treatment of larger target volumes to higher doses potentially realizing a greater palliative benefit.
Effects of sedimentation and periphyton communities on embryonic rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax

The decline in anadromous rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) populations may be due to anthropogenic causes including spawning habitat degradation. The purpose of this study was to assess the survival of rainbow smelt embryos incubated under sediment layers of different depths (0.00, 0.25, 1.00, and 6.00 g/45.6 cm2) and in contact with periphyton communities of different biomass. Embryo survival was also assessed when cultured on periphyton in combination with sterilized sediment or eutrophying compounds (nitrates and phosphates). Oxygen consumption was monitored from embryos cultured alone, on periphyton layers, and under a sediment layer. Survival was significantly reduced under the highest sediment treatment and attributed to low oxygen availability to the embryos. Embryonic survival was also significantly reduced when incubated on the highest periphyton biomass. Embryos under the sediment layer consumed oxygen at a significantly greater rate than the controls, and the dissolved oxygen concentration below the sediment–water interface decreased to near anoxic. These results suggest that embryonic survival could be impacted in rivers with heavy sedimentation or a high standing biomass of periphyton.
Absolute solar flux measurement shortward of 575 Å

A rare-gas ionization chamber was used to obtain an accurate measurement of the absolute solar EUV flux in the 50- to 575-A region. The instrument, operating in total and near-total absorption, was flown on a solar-pointing sounding rocket on August 16, 1983. For the day of the flight, the solar activity indices were F sub 10.7 = 132.1 and R sub I = 80, and the integrated solar irradiance at the earth, corrected for atmospheric absorption, was found to be 4.31 + or - 0.31 x 10 to the 10th photons sq cm s. Almost exactly a year earlier (August 10, 1982) the same instrument measured an integrated solar flux of 5.71 + or - 0.42 x 10 to the 10th photons/sq cm s during a time of enhanced solar activity (F sub 10.7 = 209.5 and R sub I = 155).
Magnetic field dependence of delayed fluorescence from tetracene crystals

Abstract We have observed delayed fluorescence in tetracene crystals excited by near infrared light. Measurements on both prompt and delayed fluorescence were carried out between room temperature and -82 °C. The dependence of the delayed fluorescence intensity on the magnitude and direction of a magnetic field was similar to that found in anthracene. The field dependence of the delayed fluorescence intensity was the inverse of that of the prompt fluorescence intensity. Level crossing resonances with a 4 kOe field in the ab plane of the crystal were found to coincide in prompt and delayed fluorescence. Thus, the rate constants for triplet-triplet annihilation and singlet fission have the same magnetic field dependence in accord with the model of singlet exciton fission.
Hepatic resection: effective treatment for primary and secondary tumors.

Background. Hepatic resection is an accepted therapeutic modality for isolated colorectal metastases (CRM) and primary hepatobiliary cancers (PC). Controversy continues regarding the safety, efficacy, and appropriateness of resection for noncolorectal metastases (NCM). Methods. A retrospective review of 167 resections in 160 patients was performed to evaluate the impact of demographics and perioperative data on survival and recurrence. Statistical analyses were performed by Student t test, analysis of variance, and Kaplan-Meier survival estimates. Results. Resections were performed for CRM, 110 of 167 (66%), NCM, 31 of 167 (19%), and PC, 26 of 167 (15%). The interval from primary to metastases was significantly longer in the NCM group than the CRM group (34.7 ± 45.1 vs 18.7 ± 23.7 months; P <.01). Mean number of lesions was not different between groups; however, NCM were larger than CRM (5.9 ± 4.5 vs 4.5 ± 2.9 cm; P <.05). Operative complications were significantly greater for PC (54%) versus CRM and NCM (21% and 19%, respectively; P <.01), although length of stay was similar between groups. Perioperative mortality was 2%. Actuarial survival at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years was CRM 91%, 54%, and 40%, PC 75%, 60%, and 38%, and NCM 68%, 36%, and not available, respectively (CRM vs NCM; P <.01 at 3 years). Conclusions. Hepatic resection for primary and secondary malignancy can be performed with minimal morbidity and mortality. Resection of NCM is associated with a lower overall survival compared with CRM and PC. The disease-free interval from resection of the primary to metastasectomy is prolonged and hepatic recurrence infrequent after resection in the NCM group. These results suggest that tumor biology is a critical determinant of outcome after hepatic resection of primary and secondary hepatic tumors. (Surgery 2000;128:686-93.)
Ultrasonic Flow Measurement for Pipe Installations with Non-Ideal Conditions

AbstractIn the arid Western United States, water is among the most valuable resources. Typically, to successfully and accurately measure a flow rate using most types of flow meters, it is recommended that a straight section of pipe be installed immediately upstream from the flow meter to avoid distorted flow patterns and extreme turbulence at the metering location. In many field piping situations, however, such flow conditions are impossible to achieve. The portable ultrasonic flow meter (USFM) is a commonly used flow meter for field flow measurements in closed conduits and emits two ultrasonic signals across the cross section of pipe. One signal travels with the direction of the flow, and the other travels against the flow. The difference in signal travel time is then used along with the known geometry of the pipe to calculate the average flow velocity of the fluid. The performance of an USFM in nonideal piping scenarios was studied using laboratory experiments and numerical computational fluid dynamics ...
Constitutive activity of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7

Background Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are class C G protein coupled receptors with widespread central nervous system expression. mGluR7 is a member of this family that has been implicated in numerous physiological and pathological processes, but the very low potency of mGluR7 for glutamate, its natural ligand, raise questions about the nature of its physiological role.
The influence of societal games on the methodology of evaluative inquiry

Understanding evaluative strategies as activities conducted in the service of specific societal games clarifies methodological issues and facilitates method choices.