cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ghost Maculopathy: An Artifact on Near-Infrared Reflectance and MultiColor Imaging Masquerading as Chorioretinal Pathology

Purpose To describe the features of an artifact on near-infrared reflectance and MultiColor imaging, termed "ghost maculopathy," and to illustrate how it may masquerade as true chorioretinal pathology. Design This was a retrospective, observational case series. Methods The authors studied 144 eyes of 72 consecutive patients in a vitreoretinal clinical practice, reviewing multimodal imaging including color and red-free fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), near-infrared reflectance, MultiColor imaging, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT). Results In 36 of 144 eyes (25%), there was an appearance of a hyper-reflective spot on near-infrared reflectance and MultiColor imaging, located at the macula, nasal or superonasal to the fovea, which did not correspond to any apparent lesion on color and red-free fundus photography, FAF, or SD OCT. This spot was termed the "ghost image" in this phenomenon of "ghost maculopathy." The ghost image was present consistently on near-infrared reflectance and MultiColor imaging in all 36 eyes at every imaging encounter, showing minimal and subtle variability in its shape and location within each eye; however, it showed large interindividual variability in size, shape, location, and reflectivity between different eyes. Nine eyes were found to have a similar hyper-reflective spot resembling that in ghost maculopathy, but corresponding SD OCT images were consistent with diagnoses of choroidal nevus, age-related macular degeneration, and multifocal choroiditis. All eyes with ghost maculopathy were found to be pseudophakic with a posterior chamber intraocular lens. Conclusion Ghost maculopathy is the phenomenon of an imaging artifact appearing at the macula on near-infrared reflectance and MultiColor imaging that occurs predominantly in pseudophakic patients and may be mistaken for true chorioretinal pathology. Awareness of this artifact is prudent to avoid misinterpretation of clinical findings and possible unnecessary over-investigation.
Phototherapy trends in dermatology

Background: Use of phototherapy in the United States declined during the 1990s, largely due to unfavorable economic incentives. The trends in phototherapy since then are not well characterized. Methods: We analyzed the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) data on quantity of phototherapy visits and associated diagnoses and payment sources. Trends were assessed by linear regression. Results: There were an estimated 230 000 outpatient phototherapy visits per year, with an increasing trend over time (p = 0.03). Dermatologists managed 87% of the visits. Leading diagnoses associated with phototherapy included psoriasis (25%), dermatitis NOS (6%), vitiligo (6%), other dyschromia (6%), and actinic keratosis (5%). Conclusions: Use of phototherapy for psoriasis has remained relatively low up to 2010. However, phototherapy may be becoming more frequent for conditions other than psoriasis.
Internet Safety Gone Wild? Sacrificing the Educational and Psychosocial Benefits of Online Social Environments

Many Internet safety and parenting experts suggest that parents prohibit their teens from social networking sites and other online spaces where predators may lurk. But we may do adolescents a disservice when we curtail their participation in these spaces, because the educational and psychosocial benefits of this type of communication can far outweigh the potential dangers. These benefits include developing cognitive skills that are consistent with those required in educational settings and perspective-taking skills that are necessary for citizenship in an increasingly multiracial society. Alternative strategies for keeping adolescents safe online should build on the increasing technological awareness and sophistication of teens themselves.
From neuronal populations to behavior: a computational journey.

Cognitive behaviors originate in the responses of neuronal populations. We have a reasonable understanding of how the activity of a single neuron can be related to a specific behavior. However, it is still unclear how more complex behaviors are inferred from the responses of neuronal populations. This is a particularly timely problem because multi-neuronal recording techniques have recently become increasingly available, simultaneously spurring advances in the analysis of neuronal population data. These developments are, however, constrained by the challenges of combining theoretical and experimental approaches because both approaches have their unique set of constraints. A solution to this problem is to design computational models that are either derived or inspired by cortical computations.
Overexpression of Cellular Src in Fibroblasts Enhances Endocytic Internalization of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

Previous studies have demonstrated a requirement for the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, cellular Src (c-Src), in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced mitogenesis and a synergistic interaction between c-Src and EGF receptor (EGFR) in tumorigenesis. Although endocytic internalization of EGFR may be thought to attenuate EGF-stimulated signaling, recent evidence suggests that signaling through Ras can be amplified by repeated encounters of endosome-localized, receptor. Shc.Grb2.Sos complexes with the plasma membrane, where Ras resides almost exclusively. Based on these reports, we examined EGFR trafficking behavior in a set of single and double c-Src/EGFR C3H10T1/2 overexpressors to determine if c-Src affects basal receptor half-life, ligand-induced internalization, and/or recycling. Our results show that overexpression of c-Src causes no change in EGFR half-life but does produce an increase in the internalization rate constant of EGF.EGFR complexes when the endocytic apparatus is not stoichiometrically saturated; this effect of c-Src on EGFR endocytosis is negligible at high receptor occupancy in cells overexpressing the receptor. In neither case are EGFR recycling rate constants affected by c-Src. These data indicate a functional role for c-Src in receptor internalization, which in turn could alter some aspects of EGFR signaling related to mitogenesis and tumorigenesis.
Tall, Grande, or Venti Models?

The Starbucks store near our office offers beverages in three sizes: tall, grande ,o rventi or small, large, and very large, for the uninitiated. What’s the best choice? The venti is largest, and it surely includes that extra java jolt that you need the morning after a late night in front of your workstation. That’s a jolt that the diminutive tall could never deliver. But I’ve noticed that when I purchase the venti size, a portion of the beverage often sits in my cup until it is cold, ending up in the sink or in the sad potted plant in my office. Venti really is more than I needed. Recently, I’ve wised up and scaled back, getting the grande instead. It is just barely enough: it meets my need with no waste. We should use similar logic when choosing models that we select or create to provide information for water resources planning and management. We don’t always need the venti model—a model that is big, all-encompassing, complex, or cutting edge. Instead, we need models that are—to borrow a term from current software development jargon—just barely good enough.
Inflammatory Markers are Associated with Outcome in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Transarterial Chemoembolization

The serum neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with outcomes in several solid organ cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We reviewed our experience in patients with HCC who underwent transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) as the initial treatment. Serum complete blood counts were used to calculate the NLR before and after TACE. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to determine survival and significant differences between groups by the log-rank test. There were 103 patients identified who underwent TACE for HCC. The median age was 60.5 years. Median overall survival was 12.6 (95 % confidence interval 8.3–17) months. Median survival in patients with a high preprocedural NLR was 4.2 months compared to 15 months in those with a normal NLR (p = 0.021). In those whose NLR either rose 1 month after treatment or remained elevated, survival was worse compared to those who normalized or remained normal (18.6 vs. 10.6 months, p = 0.026). The same was true at 6 months (21.3 vs. 9.5 months, p = 0.002). An unresponsive NLR was associated with very poor outcome (median survival 3.7 months). Multivariate analysis of clinicopathologic factors showed that presence of extrahepatic disease and high NLR were independent factors associated with worse survival. Our study demonstrates that periprocedural trends of serum NLR are associated with outcome in unresectable HCC undergoing TACE. Serum NLR is easy to calculate from a routine complete blood count with differential. Along with liver function, serum NLR may be helpful to clinicians in providing prognostic information and monitoring response to therapy.
Using neural network technology for predicting military attrition

Summary form only given, as follows. The United States Naval Academy uses multiple linear regression to predict whether or not an applicant is likely to attrite before completing a four-year course of study. This prediction problem is one of a class of problems in which the relationship between the predictors and the criterion is probabilistic. The study presented explored how neural network technology would compare to regression in problem of this type. When to terminate training in the probabilistic situation is one of the primary questions addressed. A double crossed-validation design was proposed to deal with this problem. Four different neural networks were evaluated, all of which led to better predictive efficacy than linear regression. >
Intensity-dependent phase-matching effects on four-wave mixing in optical fibers

A new phase-matching factor is derived for four-wave mixing (FWM) that includes the effects of self-phase and cross-phase modulation in optical fibers. Theoretical results predict that the wavelength of peak FWM efficiency shifts away from the fiber zero-dispersion wavelength and indicate that the conventional phase-matching factor may induce significant errors in FWM calculations. Experiments are presented to verify the new phase-matching factor and the related theoretical results. The measured results agree well with those predicted by the new phase-matching factor.
The association of lupus erythematosus and porphyria.

SUMMARY.— Two cases of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus associated with porphyria cutanea tarda are described and the literature on this association is reviewed. The coexistence of these 2 conditions may be fortuitous or may be determined by some unknown mechanism. Since both conditions may present clinically as photosensitivity, one may conceal the presence of the other if their possible association is not considered.
Embryo developmental events and the egg case of the Aleutian skate Bathyraja aleutica (Gilbert) and the Alaska skate Bathyraja parmifera (Bean)

Embryo development events were correlated with egg-case changes for the Aleutian skate Bathyraja aleutica and the Alaska skate Bathyraja parmifera. Yolk absorption underwent two phases: that of steady absorption during early development and that of rapid yolk absorption during the final development stages. Total length (LT) for 50% of the pre-hatching embryos eggcase jelly disappearance was 92� 04 mm (range 81–102 mm) and 99� 36 mm (range 81–100 mm) for B. aleutica and B. parmifera, respectively, allowing the inner chamber to open to seawater flow. The tail filament underwent three phases of growth: rapid elongation during early development ( 70 mm LT for both species and the sex ratio was 1:1 well before hatching. Egg cases that were devoid of an ova or developing embryo were c. 5� 0 and 6� 5% of the egg cases examined for B. aleutica and B. parmifera, respectively. Measurements showed that egg cases containing only egg jelly were smaller in both width and length than those possessing an ova. Embryo stages were punctuated with distinct events that correlated with egg case changes controlling the internal environment of the developing embryo. Journal compilation # 2009 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles No claim to original US government works
Compatibility of Solar Home Heating Systems With Values, Felt Needs, and Past Experiences of Households

A statewide survey was conducted to determine: 1. the perceived compatibility of solar systems to values, felt needs, and past experiences of households; 2. how perceptions of compatibility relate to the adoption of solar heating systems for the home; and 3. how various segments of the population differ in their evaluation of the compatibility of solar systems. Analysis of variance, with the Least Significant Difference Test, was used to analyze the responses from 912 households within the general population and 105 solar home owners. The findings show that people tend to find solar systems more compatible in meeting broad societal needs than their individual housing needs. A relationship between perceptions of compatibility of solar systems to the adoption of these systems was strongly indicated. Certain segments of the population (those who are younger, highly educated, work in managerial or professional positions, and live in a household of three or more memebers) find solar systems more compatible than others.
Will HITECH Heal Patient Data Hemorrhages

Hemorrhages of confidential patient health data create privacy and security concerns. While the US HIPAA legislation on privacy and security went into effect over five years ago, healthcare information security remains a significant concern as organizations migrate to electronic health records. The recent HITECH legislation aimed at accelerating this migration contained mandates for greater security, including the addition of new requirements on breach reporting. We overview this legislation and examine a recently collected sample of inadvertently disclosed files found on internet-based file-sharing networks. We characterize the security risk of these files and also present evidence of the threat by analyzing user-issued searches. Our analysis indicates that the threat and vulnerability for the healthcare sector continued, even as HITECH became effective.
Fluorinated diarylamide complexes of uranium(III, IV) incorporating ancillary fluorine-to-uranium dative interactions

The fluorinated diarylamines HNPhPhF, HNPhF2, HNPhArF, PhF = 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl, ArF = 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, are used to prepare complexes of uranium(III, IV) ions. Despite being electron-poor amines with little steric bulk, their coordinated amide ligands exhibit direct control over the coordination environment through a subtle, cooperative interplay of multiple labile F→U dative interactions and favorable arene–arene interactions. The C–F→U interactions, ∼8.9 kcal mol−1 as determined by variable temperature NMR experiments, persist in solution and allow the isolation of otherwise unstable species as well as the first pseudo-square planar uranium complex.
Electrochemical verification of the redox mechanism of FeS2 in a rechargeable lithium battery

Abstract The redox mechanism of micro-sized FeS2 particles in a rechargeable lithium battery is studied by galvanostatic cycling and ac-impedance analysis. It is shown that FeS2 is irreversibly reduced on the first discharge, turning Li/FeS2 cell into a combination of Li/FeS and Li/S chemistries, as suggested by two distinct discharge plateaus at ∼1.5 and 2.0 V, respectively. The first discharge consists of an irreversible conversion of FeS2 to Li2FeS2 intermediate and its subsequent reduction to metallic Fe and Li2S. The first discharge suffers an initial voltage delay, suggesting that the discharge progresses in a thermodynamic non-equilibrium condition. The initial voltage delay can be attributed to the large grain boundary resistance (GBR) of pristine FeS2 particles, which impedes the nucleation of a new solid Li2FeS2 phase causing high polarization. Ac-impedance spectra of the FeS2 cathode are composed of a semicircle and a straight sloping line, representative of an electrode reaction resistance (Rer) and a Li+ adsorption impedance, respectively. The Rer is found to decrease progressively during the first discharge and reaches a plateau when the cell is charged above 2.5 V vs. Li/Li+, being consistent with the model that FeS2 is irreversibly reduced during the first discharge and that the Li2S/Li2Sn redox couple is formed in recharge. It is indicated that Li/FeS2 batteries face the same problems as Li/S batteries, such as the dissolution of lithium polysulfide, the formation of a redox shuttle, and the loss of sulfur active material.
Intestinal absorption of water-soluble vitamins focus on "Molecular mechanism of the intestinal biotin transport process".

the water-soluble vitamins represent a structurally and functionally distinct set of organic compounds that are essential for human health. It has long been recognized that they play a vital role in intermediary metabolism, energy production, and cell differentiation and proliferation ([1][1], [4][2
Stability of Fentanyl Citrate, Hydromorphone Hydrochloride, Ketamine Hydrochloride, Midazolam, Morphine Sulfate, and Pentobarbital Sodium in Polypropylene Syringes

Purpose: Determine the stability of fentanyl 10 mcg/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride, fentanyl 10 mcg/mL in 5% dextrose, fentanyl 50 mcg/mL, hydromorphone 100 mcg/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride, ketamine 10 mg/mL, midazolam 0.4 mg/mL in 5% dextrose, midazolam 5 mg/mL, morphine 1 mg/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride, morphine 1 mg/mL in 5% dextrose, and pentobarbital 50 mg/mL when stored as single drug entities at room temperature in polypropylene syringes. Methods: Four 5 mL samples of each drug and concentration were prepared in 10 mL polypropylene syringes. The samples were stored at ambient room temperature in a locked cabinet. Triplicate determinations of drug concentration for each sample were performed initially, on day 50 or 51, and on day 100 using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. Results: With the exception of the hydromorphone 100 mcg/mL dilution, all compounds were found to contain greater than 95% of their initial concentration remaining at 100 days. Each sample remained clear and colorless when visually inspected.
An evaluation of the role of concomitant anomalies on the outcomes of fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of various types of associated anomalies on CDH mortality and morbidity. Methods All CDH patients at a tertiary care center from January 2004 to January 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. Isolated CDH was defined as CDH without any associated anomalies. Cardiac anomalies were stratified into minor and major based on the Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery-1 (RACHS-1) scoring system. Other anatomic anomalies requiring intervention in the perinatal period were classified as major anomalies. The outcomes of interest were 6-month mortality as well as pulmonary and gastrointestinal morbidity. Results Of 189 CDH patients, 93 (49%) had isolated CDH. Others had: cardiac anomalies alone (n = 47, 25%), genetic anomalies (n = 28, 15%), structural anomalies alone (n = 18, 10%), and both cardiac and genetic anomalies (n = 20, 11%). Fifty (26.5%) patients were dead before six months of age. Mortality rate at 6 months was higher in patients with genetic and major cardiac anomalies. A major cardiac anomaly was independently associated with a 102-fold increased risk of mortality at 6 months (95%CI: 3.1–3402). Pulmonary morbidity was increased in patients with genetic, major cardiac, and major structural anomalies, while gastrointestinal morbidity was higher in patients with major structural anomalies alone. Conclusion Major cardiac and genetic anomalies were associated with increased 6-month mortality in CDH patients. However, the association with minor cardiac anomalies and/or structural anomalies did not affect mortality and morbidity of CDH patients. The presence of minor anomalies should not adversely impact their perinatal management or consideration for in-utero therapy.
Maybe You Should, Yes You Must, No You Can'T: Shifting Standards and Practices for Assuring Document Reliability in Asylum and Withholding of Removal Cases

As the demand for corroborating evidence for asylum cases rises, the reliability of that evidence takes on increasing importance. This EXPANDED VERSION of the article addresses how the reliability of documentary evidence is evaluated at the various levels of the asylum process, and also examines the history of how this regime came into being. NEW in the expanded version is a detailed discussion of the history of the immigration authentication rule (8 C.F.R. § 287.6) in the context of two regimes of standard formation: the creation of federal rules of evidence and civil procedure; and the history and development of two international treaty regimes: the Hague Convention Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents and the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. Such a history demonstrates two interrelated trends: (1) that legacy INS and its successors have been slow to adopt best practices developed by U.S. and international bodies over decades of practical experience; and (2) the development of the immigration document authentication rule in the immigration context has failed to take into account special concerns raised by asylum claims. The article also summarizes the current state of affairs when it comes to how various adjudicators view the reliability of documentary evidence, such as whether or not an applicant for asylum must strictly adhere to the immigration document authentication regimes. In the Maybe You Should camp, Asylum Offices and some federal circuits courts of appeals do not require strict adherence to the immigration rules of authentication. In the Yes You Must camp, some immigration judges and some federal circuit courts support exclusion of evidence if authentication rules are not strictly followed. Finally, the State Department says that if you are an asylum applicant than No You Can't directly verify documents with investigations through consular offices overseas.
Misusing the 'No Duty' Doctrine in Torts Decisions: Following the Restatement (Third) of Torts Would Yield Better Decisions

Courts misuse the “no duty” doctrine in torts cases when they really mean there has been “no breach” of the duty of care. "No duty” should be reserved for cases where a defendant can escape tort liability even if the defendant caused harm through unreasonable conduct. Whether the risk was foreseen or not does not go to “duty.” It is relevant to “breach.” Relying on the “duty” doctrine takes cases away from juries, sometimes inappropriately. The Restatement (Third) of Torts gets this right.
The case for mind perception

The question of how we actually arrive at our knowledge of others’ mental lives is lively debated, and some philosophers defend the idea that mentality is sometimes accessible to perception. In this paper, a distinction is introduced between “mind awareness” and “mental state awareness,” and it is argued that the former at least sometimes belongs to perceptual, rather than cognitive, processing.
Novel Use of Semiconductive Conjugated Polymer With Optimized Scintillator for Betavoltaic Applications

The ongoing advanced space exploration requires the novel energy sources that can generate power for extreme duration without need of refill. The long duration betavoltaic devices are presented using conjugated polymer with scintillators. The Monte Carlo simulations are used to study the interaction of electron beam with two different scintillators, Cerium doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Ce:YAG) and Thallium doped Cesium Iodide (CsI:Tl). The catholuminescence profiles from simulation showed that CsI:Tl is more-efficient to generate photons when hit by electron beam compared to Ce:YAG. The semiconductive conjugated polymer device stack of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:ICBA/Al are then fabricated and tested with Ce:YAG and CsI:Tl scintillators under different electron beam energies. The electrical current is successfully extracted from these betavoltaic devices when illuminated with electron beams. As expected, the betavoltaic devices with CsI:Tl scintillator performed better compared with Ce:YAG. The maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.24% is obtained at 10 kV electron beam with CsI:Tl, while PCE in device with Ce:YAG is 0.16%. The short circuit current in devices with CsI:Tl is about 57%, greater than in devices with Ce:YAG. The experimental result showed that output electrical power increased with increase in incident electron beam energy.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Novobiocin Susceptibility as a Test For Presumptive Identification of Staphylococcus saprophytics

A total of 3,348 clinical isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) from many sources were biochemically identified as to species and their susceptibility to novobiocin (1.6 μg/mL) tested in an effort to evaluate novobiocin resistance as a characteristic for the presumptive identification of S saprophyticus. The sensitivity of the test was 100%, whereas the specificity varied from 94.7% to 99.2%, depending on the source of the isolate. The predictive value of positive results (ie, novobiocin resistance) also varied with the source, being highest with CNS isolated from outpatient women with urinary tract infections (97.7%) and lowest with CNS isolated from nonurinary tract sources (19.4%). The novobiocin susceptibility test is a simple and reliable test for the presumptive identification of S saprophyticus isolated from the urine (colony counts >104/mL) of young women, particularly outpatients, with urinary tract infections.
Mechanisms that initiate spontaneous network activity in the developing chick spinal cord.

Many developing networks exhibit a transient period of spontaneous activity that is believed to be important developmentally. Here we investigate the initiation of spontaneous episodes of rhythmic ...
Immediate Decrease in Respiratory C14O2 Excretion Following Simultaneous Intravenous Administration of NaHC14O3 and Acetazoleamide in the Rat

SummaryThe effect of acetazoleamide on rate of expiration of carbon dioxide was studied in rats using carbon-14 labeled bicarbonate. A marked transient reduction in expired C14O2 was observed during the first 10 minutes after simultaneous intravenous injection of the drug (70 mg/kg) and NaHC14O3. The rate of appearance of C14O2 was reduced 35 ± 7% in the treated animals 5 minutes after injection. When the animals were pretreated (30 minutes) with acetazoleamide (20 mg/kg) and when the labeled NaHC14O3 entered the blood slowly as a result of intraperitoneal injection, the reduction in rate of C14O2 elimination was not nearly as marked.
Investigation on cockroach density and infestation in Zhengzhou city

Objective To understand the infestation and density of cockroach,and provide scientific basis for killing cockroach in Zhengzhou city.Methods Using sticky traps to investigate cockroach infestation and density situation at three test points.Results Totally 3 843 cockroaches were caught in different environments in Zhengzhou city in 2010.The average infestation rate reached 16.66%.The average index of density was 2.33 pieces.Blattella germanica(98.41%) was the dominant species in various environments.Conclusion Blattella germanica is the dominant species in various environment.There are high density of cockroaches in catering trades,hotel,agricultural market and public baths.It is necessary to take comprehensive control measures and strengthen the technical training to prevent and control cockroaches.Using drugs rationally so as to reduce the infestation rate of cockroaches and control the density of cockroaches effectively.
Study on the technology of swelling slurry with zero-separate water.

Due to the formation of water tank and the existence of micro-clearance of high angle deviated well and horizontal well after cementing, it provides convenience for the breakthrough of oil, gas and water. According to the particularity of cementing of high angle deviated well and horizontal well, this paper developed a set of swelling slurry with zero-separate water, which is suitable for the cementing of high angle deviated well and horizontal well, in order to make up for the unsatisfied problem of blocking and cementing quality in the annular. The system can effectively control the free water and the shrinkage of the jellification of the slurry, and makes the slurry has better stability and relative strong capability to prevent gas breakthrough, it is a better slurry for the cementing of high angle deviated well and horizontal well to prevent gas breakthrough, in the meantime, the system has many features, such as low water loss, better rheological behavior. The quality of the cement is homogeneous and it has strong strength. It has strong practicability and broad application prospect.
Psychosocial and Healthcare Experiences of OEF/OIF Veterans Before Suicide: Qualitative Analysis of VA Medical Records

ABSTRACTTo identify priority areas for future research, this study describes the psychosocial and healthcare experiences of 38 Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF)/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) veterans before suicide. This analysis included veterans from 11 states who died by suicide and received Veterans Affairs healthcare in the 6 months before death. Findings revealed instances of under- or untreated mental health conditions, care coordination difficulties, and polypharmacy, and indicated the importance of examining military-related trauma and aggression, basic needs satisfaction, and treatment engagement in this veteran cohort.
Assessing citizen views of interest group alliances

How do members of the public view collaboration among organized interests and what factors contribute to attitudes about working in coalition? Interest groups frequently must decide whether to partner formally in pursuit of a shared objective while minimizing potential losses of revenue, reputation, and issue ownership. Using a nationally representative survey with an embedded experiment, we consider the potential ramifications of group collaboration from the perspective of potential members. Results show that, while a substantial minority views group collaboration negatively, most do not, and experimental exposure to a collaborating group yields positive evaluations and higher prospective contributions. The results reinforce the essentially pluralist public perceptions of interest groups that are supportive of their existing collaborative efforts.
Electric-field noise from carbon-adatom diffusion on a Au(110) surface: First-principles calculations and experiments

The decoherence of trapped-ion quantum gates due to heating of their motional modes is a fundamental science and engineering problem. This heating is attributed to electric-field noise arising from the trap-electrode surfaces. In this work, we investigate the source of this noise by focusing on the diffusion of carbon-containing adsorbates on the surface of Au(110). We show by density functional theory, based on detailed scanning probe microscopy, how the carbon adatom diffusion on the gold surface changes the energy landscape and how the adatom dipole moment varies with the diffusive motion. A simple model for the diffusion noise, which varies quadratically with the variation of the dipole moment, predicts a noise spectrum, in accordance with the measured values.
Superconductivity and Metal Clusters

It has been generally accepted1 that there must be some lower particle size limit below which superconductivity does not occur. However, the idea has not been adequately tested in the size range which is now possible for the production and study of metal microclusters containing from two to two hundred atoms per cluster2. It is the purpose of this paper to point out that further exploration of the question of the superconductivity of metal clusters deserves consideration, and to suggest some experimental approaches.
Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Treatment with aspirin has been a cornerstone of acute therapy and of secondary prevention for patients with active coronary artery disease, and in particular those with acute myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndromes, and those undergoing either percutaneous or surgical revascularization. Studies within the past decade have highlighted the added benefit of treatment with antagonists of P2Y12 among those with acute coronary syndromes and those undergoing percutaneous revascularization. The optimal duration of treatment appears to be at least 15 months after the onset of the acute coronary syndrome or 30 months for patients who undergo intracoronary implantation of a drug eluting stent, however studies with newer generation stents in selected patients have indicated that shorter durations may well be acceptable. For patients who also have a need for an oral anticoagulant, particularly those with atrial fibrillation or with mechanical prosthetic heart valves, the anti-platelet drug regimen is much less clear. Clinical trials of new regimens in this situation continue to evolve and have indicated that prolonged duration of a triple drug regimen (oral anticoagulant, aspirin, and a P2Y12 antagonist) is associated with an increased risk of hemorrhage, and that a regimen that excludes aspirin may be acceptable.
Interactions at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces in batteries studied by quasi-in-situ soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy

Abstract The pursuit of high capacity rechargeable batteries which utilize strong oxidizing cathodes and reducing anodes create significant challenges on the electrochemical stability of the electrolyte. A viable rechargeable Li-ion battery system is realized through an in-situly formed passivation layer on the anode-electrolyte interface. Additionally, the surface and interface properties of the cathode determine the stability, rate, and voltage of the battery. Therefore, understanding and controlling reactions at the electrode–electrolyte interfaces is essential for developing high-capacity, long-lasting and safe battery system. In this review, we discuss some of the recent soft x-ray absorption spectroscopic results on electrode–electrolyte interfaces. By virtue of the sensitivity of soft x-ray to both low-Z elements and transition metals and its short probing depth, the spectroscopic results provide insight into the complex interactions between electrode and electrolyte, as well as the surface evolutions of the electrodes during electrochemical operations.
The Quality of Teacher Work Life Survey: A Measure of Teacher Stress and Job Satisfaction.

This article describes the psychometric characteristics of the Quality of Teacher Work Life Survey. Ten factors contributing to teacher satisfaction and stress are identified and discussed.
Situating Human Sexual Conditioning

Conditioning is often thought of as a basic, automatic learning process that has limited applicability to higher-level human behavior. In addition, conditioning is seen as separable from, and even secondary to, “innate” processes. These ideas involve some misconceptions. The aim of this article is to provide a clearer, more refined sense of human sexual conditioning. After providing some background information and reviewing what is known from laboratory conditioning studies, human sexual conditioning is compared to sexual conditioning in nonhumans, to “innate” sexual responding, and to other types of human learning processes. Recommendations for moving forward in human sexual conditioning research are included.
Daily Report Card Intervention and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Single-Case Studies

The daily report card (DRC) is a commonly employed behavioral intervention for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in schools. Much of the support for the DRC comes from single-case studies, which have traditionally received less attention than group studies. This lack of attention to single-case studies results in an incomplete review of the literature for this intervention. The present study utilized meta-analytic techniques to examine the DRC as used in single-case studies, with moderating variables explored through hierarchical linear modeling. Fourteen articles, including data on 40 single-subject cases, were included in the analyses. Effect sizes generally illustrated improvement with use of the DRC, with some differences across methods of effect size estimation. Study quality and class type moderated outcomes. Overall, the present study supports the use of the DRC with students who have ADHD, and it provides guidance for using single-case studies in meta-analyses of interventio...
Phagocytosis of Myelin in Demyelinative Disease: A Review

In the cell-mediated demyelinating diseases such as experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis, as well as their peripheral nerve counterparts, the phagocytic cells are the agent of myelin destruction. Both resident microglia and peripheral macrophages invading the nervous system have been shown to phagocytize myelin, although microglia appear to be more active, especially at early stages of disease. Several different receptors on these cells have been implicated as myelin receptors, with the Fc- and complement receptors receiving the most attention. Other receptors, especially the macrophage scavenger receptor with its broad specificity deserves further exploration, especially in view of its affinity for phosphatidylserine, which becomes externalized with membrane disruption. Evidence is shown for cytokine regulation of phagocytic activity in both macrophages and microglia. Further investigation of the pathways of cytokine action on myelin phagocytosis through signal transduction molecules will be important for a further understanding of the events leading to myelin destruction in demyelinating diseases.
A two-time-scale adaptive search algorithm for global optimization

We study a random search algorithm for solving deterministic optimization problems in a black-box scenario. The algorithm has a model-based nature and finds improved solutions by sampling from a distribution model over the feasible region that gradually concentrates its probability mass around high quality solutions. In contrast to many existing algorithms in the class, which are population-based, our approach combines random search with a two-time-scale stochastic approximation idea to address a certain ratio bias inherent in these algorithms and uses only a single candidate solution per iteration. We prove global convergence of the algorithm and carry out numerical experiments to illustrate its performance.
Geometry and electronic structure of α-Pu: A theoretical study

The highly complex ground-state structure of Pu has been fully relaxed using first-principles forces and the obtained geometry compares very well with experimental data. Ab initio molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations at 300 K further confirm the stability of the relaxed structure, and reveal the nature of the vibrations in this system. In addition, magnetic ordering in $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-Pu is studied in detail, showing a strong tendency in Pu to develop magnetic moments that vary considerably in magnitude depending on the atomic position in the lattice, with an overall antiparallel alignment. These spin-polarized (SP) calculations reproduce, the experimental bulk modulus of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-Pu. Combining the bulk modulus from the SP calculations, and the vibrational contribution to the thermal expansion from the MD simulations, we can account for the anomalous thermal expansion of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-Pu.
Capillary Leak Syndrome in Trauma: What is it and What are the Consequences?

TICS is a complex disease that is clearly multifactorial in the traumatically injured patient (Fig. 2). Although systemic inflammation that occurs directly as a result of injury plays the most prominent role, the local tissue and organ injury effects of trauma not only cause local capillary leak and edema but also further amplify the SIRS response. High volume fluid administration and hypoproteinemic states further exacerbate the problem. All of this leads to organ dysfunction and failure, which is the third leading cause of death following injury. Strategies to treat TICS and attenuate its effects once it occurs by targeting inflammatory pathways have been wholly unsuccessful. The mainstay of therapy for TICS is prevention and minimization of its lethal effects. Newer resuscitation strategies such as hemostatic resuscitation and early goal-directed therapies are currently the best available strategies to combat TICS. Whether these result in better outcomes remains to be seen and the authors anxiously await the results of well-designed prospective trials.
Uterine artery flow velocity waveforms before and after delivery in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy near term.

Objective To compare the uterine artery pulsatility index (UtAPI-AP) before labor and immediate postpartum (UtAPI-PP) in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HTNP) and normotensives near term. Methods Pregnancies ≥36 weeks admitted for labor induction in our institution from October 2015 to October 2017 were included. We excluded active labor, multiple gestations, fetal demise, and those with inadequate uterine artery sampling. Our primary outcome was to compare the UtAPI-AP and UtAPI-PP between subjects with HTNP (gestational hypertension, preeclampsia with and without severe features) and normotensive participants. Our secondary outcomes were to compare the UtAPI-AP and UtAPI-PP by subgroups (severe HNTP, non-severe HTNP, and controls) and the UtAPI-PP in participants while on MgSO4 and after its discontinuation. A linear regression model was applied to test the above associations. A P Results We included 108 women (HTNP = 71; controls = 37). The UtAPI-AP was higher in the HTNP group (.85 ± .3 vs. .71 ± .2; P .99). Conclusion The increased UtAPI in patients with HTNP resolves soon after delivery. MgSO4 does not seem to have an effect on the UtAPI postpartum.
Child poverty and child support policy: A comparative analysis of Colombia and the United States

Abstract Child support may merely reshuffle poverty, reducing child poverty among families who receive it at the expense of the economic well-being of children living with a nonresident parent. Our study examines child support's effects on child poverty, considering those who pay child support and those who receive child support, and doing so in Colombia and the United States (U.S.). We use data from the Colombian Longitudinal Survey (N = 13,036) and the U.S. Current Population Survey (N = 53,480). Our findings show that the antipoverty effectiveness of child support among resident parent families is larger in Colombia than in the U.S. Child support payments do increase child poverty among children living in payer families in both countries, but the effects are fairly small. In our base models, 6%–9% of children in nonresident parent families are falling into poverty after child support payments are transferred to other families. Overall, child support receipts decrease poverty to a greater extent than child support payments increase it among children.
Automatic representation of knowledge structure: enhancing learning through knowledge structure reflection in an online course

Summary writing is an important skill that students use throughout their academic careers, writing supports reading and vocabulary skills as well as the acquisition of content knowledge. This exploratory and development-oriented investigation appraises the recently released online writing system, Graphical Interface of Knowledge Structure (GIKS) that provides structural feedback of students’ essays as network graphs for reflection and revision. Is the quality of students’ summary essays better with GIKS relative to some other common approaches? Using the learning materials, treatments, and procedure of a dissertation by Sarwar (Doctoral Thesis, University of Ottawa, 2012) but adapted for this setting, over a three-week period Grade 10 students (n = 180) read one of three physics lesson texts each week, wrote a summary essay of it, and then immediately received one of three counterbalanced treatments including reflection with GIKS, solving physics problems as multiple-choice questions, and viewing video information, and finally students rewrote the summary essay. All three treatments showed pre-to-post essay improvement in the central concepts subgraph structure that almost exactly matched the results obtained in the previous dissertation. GIKS with reflection obtained the largest improvement due to the largest increase in relevant links and the largest decrease for irrelevant links. The different treatments led to different knowledge structures in a regular way. These findings confirm those of Sarwar (2012) and support the use of GIKS as immediate focused formative feedback that supports summary writing in online settings.
Survey of Moth Diversity in Congaree National Park

We surveyed moth populations in Congaree NP (Richland County, SC) between November 2009 and October 2010. We conducted primary sampling for 2 nights per month using ultraviolet bucket-traps and mercury-vapor lamps with sheets in accessible areas of the park. We also collected specimens near building lights throughout the study and conducted bait sampling during cold-weather months. We curated 10,950 specimens. Of these, we have identified 10,524 to species and 134 to genus, with 15 of those being as yet unnamed new species. There are 295 specimens that remain unidentified. Our survey yielded 1002 species in 547 genera and 49 families, raising the confirmed moth data from the park to 1005 species, 549 genera, and 49 families. Our data included 161 species previously unreported from SC. Of those, 55 species have not been reported to occur in the adjacent states of GA or NC. We recorded only 3 non-native species that collectively totaled 6 individuals.
The Effects of Sensory Diets on Children’s Classroom Behaviors

Objective: Investigate the effect of sensory diets on children’s sensory processing, psychosocial skills, and classroom engagement behaviors in the school environment.Method: A single subject A-B-A...
In Evropae a Monachis Svbactae Pictvram. E.R.

The following epigram is to be found in the interesting collection of pasquinades edited at Basle in 1544 by Coelius Secundus Curio 1). The majority of the epigrams in this valuable little work were evidently true pasquinades, and no doubt made their first appearance on the statue of Pasquino at Rome 2) ; but many of them were certainly written in Germany and had no connection with Italy. The Iulius exclusus is included in the second volume, and there are some epigrams by Hutten and other German reformers.