cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of the PI3K pathway by heterozygous disruption of the PTEN promotes intestinal neoplasia in APCmin mouse: roles of osteopontin

488 The PI3K/Akt pathway is oncogenic and is involved in colorectal neoplasia. Mutations of both regulatory subunit (p85a) and catalytic subunit (p110a) have been demonstrated in colon cancers. The PI3K catalytic subunit phosphorylates the D3 hydroxyl group of phosphoinositides; products include PtdIns(3,4)P 2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P 3 , which then phosphorylate and activate Akt kinase. Akt regulates gene transcription by interaction with a number of transcription factors. On the other hand, PTEN dephosphorylates the 3 position of both PtdIns(3,4)P 2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P 3 to reverse the reaction catalyzed by PI3K; therefore, suppresses tumor formation. It is well documented that activation of the PI3K pathway promotes neoplastic phenotypes of colon cancer cells in vitro . The present study attempted to elucidate the proneoplastic roles of PI3K in vivo . We have cross-bred PTEN +/- mice on 129/C57 background with APC min mice on C57 background. Number and size of intestinal tumors were significantly increased in mice with both APC and PTEN mutations. While only adenomas were developed in APC min mice, large cancerous tumors were found in many APC min PTEN +/- mice. Intestinal obstruction resulted from intussusception was observed in a large portion of APC min PTEN +/- mice by age of 4 months. In order to identify key genes that are responsible for PI3K proneoplastic actions, targeted array (Pathway finder Microarray) was performed. Gene expression profile of tumors from APC min PTEN +/- mice and APC min PTEN +/+ mice were compared. Among a number of cell cycle, apoptosis, cell adhesion related genes, osteopontin (OPN) was the leading gene which expression was strongly induced by heterozygous mutation of the PTEN . OPN has been identified as a leading marker of colon cancer progression and plays critical roles in tumor invasion and metastasis. In order to elucidate the roles of OPN in proneoplastic effects of the PI3K pathway, HCT116-PI3KWt cells, which contain wild type p110a, and HCT116-PI3KMu cells, in which p110a is constitutively active, were employed. Levels of OPN protein were elevated in HCT116-PI3KMu cell culture media. Treatment of HCT116-PI3KMu cells with a PI3K inhibitor, LY-294002, significantly reduced the levels of OPN, suggesting that OPN is a PI3K target gene. Although both HCT116-PI3KWt cell and HCT116-PI3KMu cell grew at similar rate in the presence of 10% FBS, deprivation of serum resulted in rapid apoptosis in HCT116-PI3KWt cells but not in HCT116-PI3KMu cells. Interestingly, when HCT116-PI3KWt cells were grown in plates that were pre-coated with OPN, cell death resulted from serum-deprivation was significantly reduced. Our results suggest that the PI3K pathway plays critical roles in the progress of intestinal adenoma to malignant cancer. Osteopontin is one of the PI3K target gene which exerts proneoplastic effects and may serve as a marker for colon cancer progression.
Evaluation of Bridge Abutments and Bounded Wall Type Structures with Ultraseismic Waveform Tomography

Abstract A new ultraseismic waveform tomography technique for a bounded medium is presented for evaluation of concrete bridge abutments, or wall piers, and the supporting soil and rock underneath t...
Aviva Chomsky. Linked Labor Histories: New England, Colombia, and the Making of a Global Working Class

Al explorar las conexiones entre la historia del trabajo en Nueva Inglaterra y Colombia durante el ultimo siglo, Aviva Chomsky elabora una acusacion severisima del capitalismo moderno, en especial del orden neoliberal contemporaneo. Chomsky, que ensena en el Salem State College en Massachussets, se mueve entre lo local y lo global a lo largo del libro; pero la primera parte se concentra en la industria textil de Nueva Inglaterra. Repasa luchas obreras centrales a comienzos del siglo xx, sigue el movimiento del capital primero hacia el sur de los Estados Unidos y despues hacia Puerto Rico, Mexico, Colombia y aun mas lejos, y describe la transformacion de la economia regional de Nueva Inglaterra y de su fuerza de trabajo en las decadas recientes. La segunda parte se concentra en la historia obrera reciente del norte de Colombia, dirigiendo la atencion a las industrias del banano y el carbon, la primera relacionada con Nueva Inglaterra a traves de la United Fruit Company de Boston (la Chiquita de hoy), la segunda convertida ahora en importante proveedor de carbon para Nueva Inglaterra y para Salem en particular.
Myoglobin induces mitochondrial fusion to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth

Emerging data demonstrates that the monomeric heme protein myoglobin is aberrantly expressed in breast cancer tumors and is associated with slower tumor growth and better patient prognosis. However, the mechanism by which myoglobin slows tumor growth is unknown. In this study we hypothesized that myoglobin regulates mitochondrial structure/function to inhibit cell proliferation. Using a model of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, we showed that stably expressing human myoglobin decreased cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest (characterized by increase p21 and decreased cyclin E expression). We demonstrate that mechanistically this cell cycle arrest is due to the myoglobin-dependent oxidation and degradation of the ubiquitin ligase parkin, which results in an increase in the expression of mitofusin-1. This protein is known to induce mitochondrial fusion and inhibit cell cycle progression. These data are recapitulated in vivo in a murine xenograft model. These data suggest a novel role for myoglobin as a modulator of mitochondrial dynamics, cell proliferation, and tumor growth.
Integration of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy with an Infrared Spectroscopy Laboratory

This paper will discuss the similarities and differences which exist between NMR and infrared spectroscopy, in order that the industrial chemist can see where the new tool of NMR can fit into his infrared laboratory. However, some elementary theory of NMR must be introduced so that the spectroscopist can understand the examples which will be given later.
Chapter 38 – Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Publisher Summary Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) has emerged as the most frequent cause of acute flaccid paralysis worldwide. Its most frequent form, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), is the prototypic acquired demyelinating disease of the peripheral nervous system. The importance of GBS in this text lies both in its own prominence as a major cause of neurologic morbidity and in the similarities and contrasts with acquired demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system. This chapter outlines the history of GBS, followed by its clinical manifestations, pathology of AIDP, pathophysiology, and molecular genetics. It is noted that GBS and multiple sclerosis (MS) represent the major immune-mediated disorders of the PNS and the CNS, respectively. The data for GBS suggests that the immunologic mechanism can involve molecular mimicry, at least in some GBS variants. Finally, in both GBS and MS, it is likely that multiple mechanisms render the axon vulnerable. These mechanisms include damage as a bystander to inflammatory disease, as a consequence of the intimate cell-cell interactions between the myelin-forming cell and axon, and possibly as the target of the immune attack.
Coupled marginal fisher analysis for low-resolution face recognition

Many scenarios require that face recognition be performed at conditions that are not optimal. Traditional face recognition algorithms are not best suited for matching images captured at a low-resolution to a set of high-resolution gallery images. To perform matching between images of different resolutions, this work proposes a method of learning two sets of projections, one for high-resolution images and one for low-resolution images, based on local relationships in the data. Subsequent matching is done in a common subspace. Experiments show that our algorithm yields higher recognition rates than other similar methods.
Relapse after complete response in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: implications of duration of response and patterns of relapse

Achieving a complete response (CR) is associated with improved overall survival (OS) in multiple myeloma (MM), but data on duration of CR (DurCR) are limited. We evaluated 351 patients (2004–2016), achieving CR with first-line therapy. Patients with sustained DurCR ≥ 24 months (n = 177) had better OS; 150 vs. 81 months, p < 0.001. DurCR ≥ 24 months remained a significant predictor for OS (HR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.2–0.5, p < 0.001) after adjusting for age, revised ISS stage, transplant and maintenance therapy. Landmark analysis at 24 months demonstrated similar results, OS: 150 vs. 83 months, p < 0.001. Survival benefit persisted even after loss of CR, with median OS being 89 vs. 56 months (p = 0.005), respectively. Patterns of loss of CR were heterogeneous, with biochemical relapse in 59 (25%); symptomatic relapse in 58 (24%); positive immunofixation/monoclonal protein rise not meeting relapse/progression criteria in 88 (37%) and abnormal free light chain ratio in LC MM in 34 (14%) patients. OS from start of first-line therapy was superior in patients starting second-line treatment for biochemical vs. symptomatic relapse (125 vs. 81 months, p = 0.001). This is likely attributable to underlying disease biology and prevention of end-organ damage by early treatment initiation, as benefit was independent of R-ISS stage.
Pinball attacks against Dynamic Channel assignment in wireless networks

Abstract In this paper, we expose a class of stealthy attacks, which we coin pinball attacks, that exploit the adaptive nature of Dynamic Channel Assignment algorithms in wireless networks. In a pinball attack, the attacker strategically induces interference in the neighborhood of certain nodes to cause a cascading channel switching behavior, thereby exploiting the topology of the network to his own advantage. The attacker’s problem is formulated as a Markov Decision Process in which the attacker seeks to maximize his long-term net rewards. To overcome the exponential size of the state space, we derive suboptimal attack policies through approximation methods. We expose the pinball attacks on two general setups that arise practically in wireless communication systems. In the first setup, each wireless node is an access point aiming to select a channel that has minimum interference with its neighbors. In the second setup, we consider wireless nodes with multiple antennas whereby every node should communicate with each of its neighbors on a separate channel. We formally establish the equivalence of both setups by showing that the identified pinball attack policies on one can be directly mapped to attack policies on the other. We present numerical results to assess the impact of the obtained pinball attack policies under various topologies, and show that they outperform other known attack policies over all topologies considered. We also propose a novel approach to scale up the attack to larger size networks with special structures.
Assessing Spatial Concordance Between Theranostic Pairs Using Phantom and Patient-Specific Acceptance Criteria: Application to 99mTc-MAA SPECT/90Y-Microsphere PET.

Purpose Predictive 3-dimensional dosimetry requires spatial concordance between diagnostic and therapeutic activity distributions. We assess similarity between theranostic pairs ( 99m Tc–macroaggregated albumin [MAA] single photon emission computed tomography [SPECT] and 90 Y microsphere positron emission tomography [PET]) in patients using criteria that account for spatial resolution differences and misregistration. Methods and Materials Phantom-based acceptance criteria were determined using a liver phantom filled with 99m Tc and 90 YCl 3 and scanned with SPECT/computed tomography [CT] and PET/CT, respectively. Gaussian blurring was applied to PET to match 99m Tc phantom scan image quality. After rigid registration between SPECT/CT and PET/CT, perturbations up to ±3 voxels were applied to determine the similarity metric (SM) sensitivity. 99m Tc-MAA SPECT/CT and 90 Y microsphere PET/CT image pairs/patients (n = 23) were processed analogously. SMs calculated included the Pearson correlation coefficient ( ρ r ), Lin's concordance correlation coefficient ( ρ c ), Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ( ρ s ), the mean squared difference, and the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). Patient-specific acceptance criteria were determined by evaluating the SMs of the blurred PET compared with itself misregistered. Results After transforming PET to SPECT resolution, high similarity was found in phantom, with ρ c , ρ r , ρ s > 0.98 ± 0.01, a mean squared difference of (4.1 ± 0.3) × 10 −4 and DSC > 0.85 ± 0.01 for investigated thresholds (5%, 30%, and 50%). SMs for patients varied from poor to good. A small percentage (13%-30%) of patient scans were acceptable using phantom-based acceptance criteria. The percentage increased slightly (17%-35%) using patient-specific acceptance criteria. DSC for most patients were substantially lower (average 0.95 vs 0.61 for 5% threshold) than phantom values. Conclusions At best, 35% of patients had an SM within the acceptance criteria established to account for imaging-related effects impacting spatial concordance between 99m Tc-MAA SPECT and 90 Y PET. Additional clinical factors should be evaluated in the future. The procedure of accounting for image-related effects when assessing spatial concordance can be applied to other theranostic pairs.
Synthesis and Characterization of Single-Phase Metal Dodecaboride Solid Solutions: Zr1–xYxB12 and Zr1–xUxB12

Single-phase metal dodecaboride solid solutions, Zr0.5Y0.5B12 and Zr0.5U0.5B12, were prepared by arc melting from pure elements. The phase purity and composition were established by powder X-ray di...
Personality Correlates of Disciplinary Infractions in a Military-Style Residential Program for Adolescents

This study examines personality correlates of disciplinary infractions in a sample of adolescents in a military-style residential program, an understudied but at-risk sample. Ninety-nine boys (Mage...
What Distance Can Illuminate: Exploring Accent as Gestus in Brecht’s The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui

In theatre, effective accent design supports the world of the play, is fully understood by the intended audience in the performance space, and is emancipatory for actors to embody and for the lingu...
The encounter group in counseling training: is it therapy?

The use of encounter groups in counselor training is widespread and long-standing tradition in academic programs. Some educators are opposed to the implementation of encounter groups due to the per...
Crystal structure of (4α, 4aα, 8aα)-(±)-octahydro-2-(phenylmethyl)-2H-1,2-benzoxazin-4-ol, 4-methylbenzenesulfonate(ester)

The title compound, a bicyclic tetrahydro-1,2-oxazine, crystallizes in a monoclinic lattice, space group P21/c, with a = 12.9809(18)A, b = 12.920(2)A, c = 13.631(2)A, β = 110.713(12)°, and Z = 4. The structure found in the solid state for this conformationally mobile molecule shows the tosyl group in an axial position and a benzyl group in an equatorial position of the bicyclic system.
Evaluating the economic feasibility of cellulosic ethanol: A meta-analysis of techno-economic analysis studies

Abstract The conversion of cellulosic biomass to ethanol as a viable way of decarbonizing the transportation sector has experienced a growing interest in the last few decades. However, this infant industry still struggles to succeed commercially. To examine the economic feasibility of cellulosic ethanol, this study conducts a meta-analysis using recently published Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) studies, which compute the Minimum Fuel Selling Price (MFSP) to measure the economic viability of ethanol production. This review finds that ethanol MFSPs range from $0.90–6.00/gallon with an average of $2.65/gallon, which is comparable to retail gasoline prices in the U.S. The considerable variation in MFSP estimates is due to the wide range of assumptions made by TEA studies. The unit cost of production was computed to examine the economies of scale effect, which resulted in a scale factor of 0.69. This estimate affirms the assumptions made by TEA studies. Multivariate linear regression shows that capital cost is positively correlated, while input capacity and output capacity are negatively correlated, with MFSP. These variables significantly impact MFSP, while pathway, feedstock type, and feedstock cost are not statistically significant due partly to data limitations. Findings from this analysis provide insights for improving the economic viability of cellulosic ethanol, which calls for a suite of government policies including financial incentives, mandates, and assistance programs for this industry to thrive.
Activation for newly learned words in left medial-temporal lobe during toddlers' sleep is associated with memory for words.

Summary Little is known about the neural substrates underlying early memory functioning. To gain more insight, we examined how toddlers remember newly learned words. Hippocampal and anterior medial-temporal lobe (MTL) processes have been hypothesized to support forming and retaining the association between novel words and their referents, but direct evidence of this connection in early childhood is lacking. We assessed 2-year-olds (n = 38) for their memory of newly learned pseudowords associated with novel objects and puppets. We tested memory for these associations during the same session as learning and after a 1-week delay. We then played these pseudowords, previously known words, and completely novel pseudowords during natural nocturnal sleep, while collecting functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Activation in the left hippocampus and the left anterior MTL for newly learned compared to novel words was associated with same-session memory for these newly learned words only when they were learned as puppet names. Activation for known words was associated with memory for puppet names at the 1-week delay. Activation for newly learned words was also associated with overall productive vocabulary. These results underscore an early developing link between memory mechanisms and word learning in the medial temporal lobe.
Equidimensionality of the Brauer loop scheme

We give another description of certain subvarieties of the Brauer loop scheme of Knutson and Zinn-Justin. As a consequence, we show that the Brauer loop scheme is equidimensional.
Helium as a Classical Fluid

Of all the cryogenic fluids, helium exhibits behavior that most nearly approximates that of an ideal fluid. This fact is caused mostly by the weak intermolecular potential that helium enjoys. It further manifests itself in the fact that 4He has the lowest critical point of all fluids, T c = 5.195 K, p c = 0.227 MPa and ρ c = 69.7 kg/m3. As a result of this near ideality, much of the behavior of gaseous and even liquid helium above the superfluid transition can be treated in terms of classical models.
Nicholas J. Shackleton (1937-2006)

N. J. Shackleton was a scientific explorer who developed ways to extract climate data from the sea floor and found that the periodic appearance of ice sheets is governed by Earth9s orbit.
Chapter 2.5 Representing past and future events

Abstract Although much research on cognitive time travel in animals is relatively recent, its origins can be traced to an anticipatory conditioned response in Pavlovian conditioning and to various instrumental conditioning phenomena, including contrast effects (e.g., the increase in responding that often occurs in anticipation of the reduction in the density of reinforcement), the differential outcomes effect (facilitated performance on a conditional discrimination when conditional cues are followed by discriminably different outcomes), and the apparent finding that when rats learn a radial maze they may anticipate choosing arms not yet chosen. Many of these findings suggest a form of prospective stimulus coding. More recently, researchers have asked whether animals can cognitively travel back in time to retrieve information about past events (episodic memory). Several researchers have shown that animals are capable of remembering the what, where, and when of an event but we have argued that such evidence is neither necessary nor sufficient evidence for episodic memory. Instead, we have argued that better evidence for episode memory requires that an animal provide “an answer to an unexpected question” (e.g., “What did you experience?” or “What did you do?”). We (and others) have reported evidence that animals can answer such questions. The ability of animals to anticipate future events (future planning) has also been reported. Thus, although conclusive evidence for cognitive time travel in animals is limited by the fact that the phenomenon is personal (i.e., it has a strong subjective component), there is accumulating evidence that animals show behavior that when reported in humans would be taken as evidence for cognitive time travel.
Coding Case Law for Public Health Law Evaluation: A Methods Monograph for the Public Health Law Research Program (PHLR) Temple University Beasley School of Law

This monograph explores the special considerations in coding text when the relevant legal materials are judicial decisions. The content of case law merits careful study not simply because judicial opinions reflect or respond to the law, but because they are the law. But, more than this, judicial pinions are detailed repositories that show what kinds of disputes come before courts, how the parties frame their disputes, and how judges reason to their conclusions.Content analysis of case law boils down to three steps: 1) selecting cases; 2) coding cases; and 3) analyzing (often through statistics) the case coding. Insights gained from content analysis of large numbers of opinions supplement the deeper understanding of individual opinions that comes from traditional interpretive legal research techniques. The content of judicial opinions can be important in the study of the broader social, economic, and political systems that interact with judicial precedent, but cases are also well worth scientific study in their own right. For instance, content analysis can identify previously-unnoticed patterns that warrant deeper study, or sometimes correct misimpressions based on more ad hoc surveys of atypical cases.The major limitation of content analysis is that facts and reasons recorded in judicial opinions cannot be treated as accurate and complete. Therefore, researchers should be cautious about the meanings they attach to observations made through content analysis. With this caveat in mind, I describe a range of acceptable and best practices for systematically selecting relevant cases, forming coding categories, training coders, and testing for coding reliability.
Marr, David (1945–80)

David Courtnay Marr was born in 1945 in Essex, England. Marr's dissertation, written at Trinity College, Cambridge and published between 1969 and 1971, presented a theory of mammalian brain function, parts of which remain relevant to the present day, despite vast advances in neurobiology in the past decades. In 1973, Marr joined the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he was made a tenured full professor in 1980. Marr died in November 1980, of leukemia. His highly influential book, Vision: A Computational Investigation into the Human Representation and Processing of Visual Information , which has redefined and revitalized the study of human and machine vision, was published posthumously, in 1982, with a new edition appearing in 2010.
Skyrmions and Hall Transport

We derive a generalized set of Ward identities that captures the effects of topological charge on Hall transport. The Ward identities follow from the (2+1)-dimensional momentum algebra, which includes a central extension proportional to the topological charge density. In the presence of topological objects like Skyrmions, we observe that the central term leads to a direct relation between the thermal Hall conductivity and the topological charge density. We extend this relation to incorporate the effects of a magnetic field and an electric current. The topological charge density produces a distinct signature in the electric Hall conductivity, which is identified in existing experimental data and yields further novel predictions. For insulating materials with translation invariance, the Hall viscosity can be directly determined from the Skyrmion density and the thermal Hall conductivity to be measured as a function of momentum.
Sexual Development, Growth, and Puberty in Children

Publisher Summary Although gender/sex-specific events are multifactorial, the predominant underlying factor is the different hormonal milieu to which males and females are exposed. Pediatric endocrinology is concerned with the fetal determination and development of the two sexes, and the sex-specific hormonal environments experienced by each from fetal life through puberty and adolescence to adulthood. These differences include the testosterone-rich environment of the male fetus and neonate, the subtle hormonal differences between the two sexes during childhood, the differences in growth before and during sexual maturation, and variations in and implications of the timing of sexual maturation. The effects such childhood differences may have on adult gender-related disorders are as yet poorly understood. When the sex of a newborn is unclear at birth, investigation must be undertaken to determine whether the genitalia are those of an incompletely virilized male or an inappropriately virilized female. Congenital disorders of sexual development (DSD) can be caused by chromosomal, hormonal, environmental, or developmental (anatomic) factors. DSD is now the accepted terminology to describe atypical sexual development, and replaces older stigmatizing terms like intersex and hermaphroditism. In congenital DSD, the external genitalia of a newborn are not clearly identifiable as male or female.
Chaos, ergodicity, and the thermodynamics of lower-dimensional time-independent Hamiltonian systems.

This paper uses the assumptions of ergodicity and a microcanonical distribution to compute estimates of the largest Lyapunov exponents in lower-dimensional Hamiltonian systems. That the resulting estimates are in reasonable agreement with the actual values computed numerically corroborates the intuition that chaos in such systems can be understood as arising generically from a parametric instability and that this instability may be modeled by a stochastic-oscillator equation @cf. Casetti, Clementi, and Pettini, Phys. Rev. E 54, 5969 ~1996!#, linearized perturbations of a chaotic orbit satisfying a harmonic-oscillator equation with a randomly varying frequency.
Evaluation of Long-Life Transuranics Breakeven and Burner Cores for Waste Minimization in a PB-GCFR Fuel Cycle

Transuranics (TRU) breakeven and burner core designs have been studied for the Pebble-Bed Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor (PB-GCFR), which was developed under a 2-yr U.S. Department of Energy Nuclear Energ...
Sales of Corporate Control

This article analyzes the legal rules governing the sale of corporate control. Who exercises control over a public corporation depends to a large extent on whether the corporation has a dominant shareholder. If there is a dominant shareholder, that shareholder generally controls the corporation. This is often the case even if that shareholder owns significantly less than a majority of the corporation's shares. If there is no dominant shareholder, the chief executive officer, or a small group of top managers, usually exercise effective control over the corporation. Control over a corporation provides the controlling person with significant private values that are not available to noncontrolling shareholders (Andrews, 1965: 523-26; Harris and Raviv, 1988: 61). For example, a controlling person can pay herself an excessive salary, structure corporate policies (such as dividend policies) to satisfy her peculiar interests, engage in favorable selfdealing transactions with the company, or take corporate opportunities, in manners that either remain undetected or do not rise to a legally cognizable wrong. A controlling person also can, and frequently does, sell her control (Block, Barton, and Radin, 1988: 106-11). Such sale-of-control transactions are generally structured as a sale of shares coupled with a sale of control. Mechanically,
Online Aiding for Human-Computer Interfaces

16.1 Abstract Current research is surveyed on interfaces which aid the computer user online. The results of this review revealed that state-of-the-art knowledge in the design of these aiding interfaces is lacking. Designers of aiding interfaces are only provided qualitative design principles such as make the online help task oriented. As a result, many online aiding dialogues fall far short of the ultimate goal of helping users with their current problems, while also supporting continued skill acquisition at the computer interface. To address this problem, a task-analytic approach is presented which is based on the GOMS model ( Card, Moran, and Newell, 1983 ) of human-computer interaction. This theoretical approach allows online aiding dialogues to be specified using the goals, operators, methods, and selection rules of the computer interface. In addition, a fully specified GOMS model provides an opportunity for usability problems to be identified analytically so that aiding dialogues can be implemented effectively based on quantitative predictions of performance time, learning time, and user memory load. Finally, this theory allows assistance and instructional dialogues to be simulated to predict any improvements due to online aiding without extensive user testing.
Effects of Theodore Millon's Teaching, Mentorship, Theory, and Scientific Contributions on Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine Research and Practice

This article summarizes the impact of Theodore Millon's work on the disciplines of health psychology and behavioral medicine over the past 5 decades spanning from the late 1960s to present. The article is written from my perspectives as a graduate student mentored by Millon on through my faculty career as a collaborator in test construction and empirical validation research. Several of the most recent entries in this summary reflect projects that were ongoing at the time of his passing, revealing the innovation and visionary spirit that he demonstrated up until the end of his life. Considering that this summary is restricted to Millon's contributions to the disciplines of health psychology and behavioral medicine, this work comprises only a small portion of his larger contribution to the field of psychology and the areas of personality theory and psychological assessment more broadly.
Electrophysiological Evidence of Altered Memory Processing in Children Experiencing Early Deprivation

Associations between early deprivation and memory functioning were examined in 9- to 11-year-old children. Children who had experienced prolonged institutional care prior to adoption were compared to children who were adopted early from foster care and children reared in birth families. Measures included the Paired Associates Learning task from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test and Automated Battery (CANTAB) and a continuous recognition memory task during which ERPs were also recorded. Children who experienced prolonged institutionalization showed deficits in both behavioral memory measures as well as an attenuated P300 parietal memory effect. Results implicate memory function as one of the domains that may be negatively influenced by early deprivation in the form of institutional care.
Back to the Future: Can Physical Models of Passive Membrane Permeability Help Reduce Drug Candidate Attrition and Move Us Beyond QSPR?

It is widely recognized that adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicology liabilities kill the majority of drug candidates that progress to clinical trials. The development of computational models to predict small molecule membrane permeability is therefore of considerable scientific and public health interest. Empirical qualitative structure permeability relationship models of permeability have been a mainstay in industrial applications, but lack a deep understanding of the underlying biologic physics. Others and we have shown that implicit solvent models to predict passive permeability for small molecules exhibit mediocre predictive performance when validated across experimental test sets. Given the vast increase in computer power, more efficient parallelization schemes, and extension of current atomistic simulation codes to general use graphical processing units, the development and application of physical models based on all-atom simulations may now be feasible. Preliminary results from rigorous free energy calculations using all-atom simulations indicate that performance relative to implicit solvent models may be improved, but many outstanding questions remain. Here, we review the current state-of-the-art physical models for passive membrane permeability prediction and present a prospective look at promising new directions for all-atom approaches.
ANO1 plays a critical role in prostatic hyperplasia

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a troubling problem that affects many older men worldwide (1). This condition poses a treatment challenge because current pharmacologic therapies can have untoward side effects. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of BPH would allow for the development of novel therapies for this condition. The prostate gland functions to secrete fluids that nourish and protect sperm. One of the key mechanisms that facilitate fluid secretion is chloride transport. This, therefore, provides a rationale to study molecules that regulate chloride secretion in the context of prostate (dys)function. In PNAS, Cha et al. (2) elucidate the role of Anoctamin1 (also known as ANO1 or TMEM16A) in the development of prostatic hyperplasia.
The mechanics of bacterial cluster formation on plant leaf surfaces as revealed by bioreporter technology.

Bacteria that colonize the leaves of terrestrial plants often occur in clusters whose size varies from a few to thousands of cells. For the formation of such bacterial clusters, two non-mutually exclusive but very different mechanisms may be proposed: aggregation of multiple cells or clonal reproduction of a single cell. Here we assessed the contribution of both mechanisms on the leaves of bean plants that were colonized by the bacterium Pantoea agglomerans. In one approach, we used a mixture of green and red fluorescent P. agglomerans cells to populate bean leaves. We observed that this resulted in clusters made up of only one colour as well as two-colour clusters, thus providing evidence for both mechanisms. Another P. agglomerans bioreporter, designed to quantify the reproductive success of bacterial colonizers by proxy to the rate at which green fluorescent protein is diluted from dividing cells, revealed that during the first hours on the leaf surface, many bacteria were dividing, but not staying together and forming clusters, which is suggestive of bacterial relocation. Together, these findings support a dynamic model of leaf surface colonization, where both aggregative and reproductive mechanisms take place. The bioreporter-based approach we employed here should be broadly applicable towards a more quantitative and mechanistic understanding of bacterial colonization of surfaces in general.
The CDA app: Conceptualizing a digital/cultural intervention in Critical Research Practices

This paper discusses a conceptual design for an application that introduces a metacognitive aspect to critical discourse analysis, capturing key points at which critical deliberation occurs in the research process so that researchers can reflect on those moments as they prepare the data write-up. The application is intended for use by practitioners of qualitative data analysis; however, the author also considers the pedagogical potential for the application. The purpose of this paper is to explore the notion of a productive intervention in the research process that captures the complexities inherent in the research process that are not represented in the final write-up of data.
Pollinator assemblages on dandelions and white clover in urban and suburban lawns

Flowering weeds, though often deemed undesirable in turfgrass lawns, provide food resources for declining pollinator populations in urbanized landscapes. We sampled bees and other pollinators directly from flowering common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and white clover (Trifolium repens) in lawns of similar character in central Kentucky USA to identify species likely to be exposed if such weeds are inadvertently oversprayed during application of lawn insecticides. We also tested the hypothesis that pollinator assemblages visiting spring-blooming white clover in urban and suburban lawns are as species-rich and diverse as in more rural lawn settings. We collected about 50 different species of insect pollinators, including 37 species of bees, from the aforementioned lawn weeds. Two of the six species of bumble bees (Bombus spp.) collected are considered uncommon and possibly in decline. Hover flies (Syrphidae), honey bees (Apis mellifera), and non-Apid wild bees predominated on dandelions whereas proportionately fewer hover flies and more A. mellifera and Bombus spp. visited white clover, especially in summer. Species richness of bees visiting white clover was similar in urban, suburban or periurban-rural lawns, although A. mellifera were proportionately more abundant, and Bombus spp. were less abundant, with increasing percentage of hardscape in surrounding areas. Fostering public awareness of the diversity of bees and other pollinators that visit flowering lawn weeds might help nurture a sociocultural shift toward more pollinator-friendly lawn care practices.
Functional movement disorders: successful treatment with a physical therapy rehabilitation protocol.

Abstract Background Functional (“psychogenic”) gait and other movement disorders have proven very difficult to treat. Objectives Describe the Mayo Clinic functional movement disorder motor-reprogramming protocol conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR), and assess short-term and long-term outcomes. Design Historical-cohort-study assessing non-randomized PMR intervention. Setting Tertiary care center. Patients Interventional group: 60 consecutive patients with a chronic functional movement disorder that underwent the PMR protocol between January 2005 and December 2008. Control group: age- and sex-matched patients with treatment-as-usual ( n = 60). Interventions An outpatient, one-week intensive rehabilitation program based on the concept of motor-reprogramming following a comprehensive diagnostic neurological evaluation, including psychiatric/psychological assessment. Main outcome measures Improvement of the movement disorder by the end of the week-long program (patient- and physician-rated), plus the long-term outcome (patient-rated). Results Patient demographics: median symptom duration, 17 months (range, 1–276); female predominance (76.7%); mean age 45 years (range, 17–79). Physician-rated outcomes after the one-week treatment program documented 73.5% were markedly improved, nearly normal or in remission, similar to the patient-ratings (68.8%). Long-term treatment outcomes (patient-rated; median follow-up, 25 months) revealed 60.4% were markedly improved or almost completely normal/in remission, compared to 21.9% of controls ( p Conclusions Short-term and long-term successful outcomes were documented in the treatment of patients with functional movement disorders by a rehabilitative, goal-oriented program with intense physical and occupational therapy. The rapid benefit, which was sustained in most patients, suggests substantial efficacy that should be further assessed in a prospective, controlled, clinical trial.
Infertility and Patriarchy: The Cultural Politics of Gender and Family Life in Egypt

Infertility and Patriarchy: The Cultural Politics of Gender and Family Life in Egypt. Marcia C. Inhorn. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996(paper). xi. 296pp.
Plexin B mediates axon guidance in Drosophila by simultaneously inhibiting active Rac and enhancing RhoA signaling.

Abstract Plexins are neuronal receptors for the repulsive axon guidance molecule Semaphorins. Previous studies showed that Plexin B (PlexB) binds directly to the active, GTP-bound form of the Rac GTPase. Here, we define a seven amino acid sequence in PlexB required for Rac GTP binding. The interaction of PlexB with Rac GTP is necessary for Plexin-mediated axon guidance in vivo. A different region of PlexB binds to RhoA. Dosage-sensitive genetic interactions suggest that PlexB suppresses Rac activity and enhances RhoA activity. Biochemical evidence indicates that PlexB sequesters Rac GTP from its downstream effector PAK. These results suggest a model whereby PlexB mediates repulsion by coordinately regulating two small GTPases in opposite directions: PlexB binds to Rac GTP and downregulates its output by blocking its access to PAK and, at the same time, binds to and increases the output of RhoA.
A Phase II study of 153Sm‐EDTMP and high‐dose melphalan as a peripheral blood stem cell conditioning regimen in patients with multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable illness affecting nearly 20,000 individuals in the United States per year. High-dose melphalan (HDM) with autologous hematopoietic stem cell support (ASCT) is one of the mainstays of therapy for younger patients, but little advancement has been made with regards to conditioning regimens. We opted to combine 153Samarium ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonate (153Sm-EDTMP), a radiopharmaceutical approved for the palliation of pain caused by metastatic bone lesions, with HDM and ASCT in a phase II study. Individualized doses of 153Sm were based on dosimetry and were calculated to deliver 40 Gy to the bone marrow. The therapeutic dose of 153Sm-EDTMP was followed by HDM and ASCT. Forty-six patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed disease were treated. Study patients were compared to 102 contemporaneously patients treated with HDM and ASCT. Fifty-nine percent of study patients achieved a very good partial response or better. With a median follow-up of 7.1 years, the median overall survival and progression free survival from study registration was 6.2 years (95%CI 4.6–7.5 years) and 1.5 years (1.1–2.2 years), respectively, which compared favorably to contemporaneously treated non-study patients. Addition of high-dose 153Sm EDTMP to melphalan conditioning appears to be safe, well tolerated and worthy of further study in the context of novel agents and in the phase III setting.
On latitude and affluence: The equatorial grand canyon

Our objective is to “explain” per capita GDPs by the countries' latitude, using PPP-based data for 138 countries in 1985 (PPP = purchasing power parity). A simple approach is formulated which nevertheless accounts for as much as two-thirds of the variance of the per capita GDPs.
Phosphorylation and cleavage of tau in non-AD tauopathies

The tau protein, well known as the primary component of neurofibrillary tangles, also comprises the Pick bodies found in Pick's disease (PiD) and the glial lesions associated with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and cortico-basal ganglionic degeneration (CBD). Many of the tau alterations that are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease have also been identified in PSP and CBD. In this report, we examine three non-AD tauopathies (PSP, CBD, and PiD) for the presence of two specific tau alterations, phosphorylation at Ser422 and truncation at Asp421. We find that truncation at Asp421 is an alteration that is unique to neuronal lesions, occurring in Pick bodies as well as in neurofibrillary tangles, but not in lesions associated with glia. Conversely, phosphorylation at Ser422 is not only present in all these lesions, but identifies additional glial and neuronal pathology in disease-susceptible cortical regions. These results suggest that the molecular alterations of tau that occur during the initial process of tangle formation in AD are similar in non-AD tauopathies, but the middle and later changes are not common to all diseases.
Computers and the future: Education

Abstract It is a pleasure to return to England to give this keynote address. During my stay as advisor to the National Development Programme in Computer Assisted Learning, I attended an early CAL meeting at Oxford; I met many of you and learned about ongoing projects. This trip renews many old acquaintances. Perhaps I haven't been in England frequently enough since then. The gentleman at Passport Control at Gatwick commented. “You have been neglecting us—you haven't been here since 1980”. I will try to do better in the future! This paper has four components. I begin with a series of assertions about computers in education, some supported later in the paper. I then review two examples of computers in education developed at the Educational Technology Center. A brief interlude considers the major advantages of the computer in learning. Finally I speculate on the future of the computer in education, arguing that it will be eventually the dominant delivery device for all areas of education. I consider aspects of what will happen.
Harnessing the power of two crossmatches

Kidney exchanges allow incompatible donor-patient pairs to swap kidneys, but each donation must pass three tests: blood, tissue, and crossmatch. In practice a matching is computed based on the first two tests, and then a single crossmatch test is performed for each matched patient. However, if two crossmatches could be performed per patient, in principle significantly more successful exchanges could take place. In this paper, we ask: If we were allowed to perform two crossmatches per patient, could we harness this additional power optimally and efficiently? Our main result is a polynomial time algorithm for this problem that almost surely computes optimal --- up to lower order terms --- solutions on random large kidney exchange instances.
Learning with technology: Theoretical and empirical perspectives

(1986). Learning with technology: Theoretical and empirical perspectives. Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 64, Beyond the Computer Revolution, pp. 5-26.
The subsequence composition of a string

Words that appear as constrained subsequences in a text-string are considered as possible indicators of the host string structure, hence also as a possible means of sequence comparison and classification. The constraint consists of imposing a bound on the number @w of positions in the text that may intervene between any two consecutive characters of a subsequence. A subset of such @w-sequences is then characterized that consists, in intuitive terms, of sequences that could not be enriched with more characters without losing some occurrence in the text. A compact spatial representation is then proposed for these representative sequences, within which a number of parameters can be defined and measured. In the final part of the paper, such parameters are empirically analyzed on a small collection of text-strings endowed with various degrees of structure.
The politics of progressive education: The odenwaldschule in Nazi Germany

(1994). The politics of progressive education: The odenwaldschule in Nazi Germany. History of European Ideas: Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 591-593.