cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy following gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity.

Background Surgical treatment for severe obesity is some-times recommended. Many long-term risks, particularly to adolescents and to subsequent pregnancies, are still being determined. Case A 23-year-old woman, gravida 6, para 2, treated for morbid obesity during adolescence with gastric bypass surgery, presented at 6 weeks' gestation with severe microcytic anemia. Significant iron and cobalamin deficiencies were found. Although the vitamin B 12 deficiency responded to parenteral treatment, the iron deficiency was refractory to oral supplementation because of malabsorption. By 30 weeks' gestation, the patient required blood transfusions to correct the progressive anemia. Subsequently, she delivered a healthy male infant at term. Conclusion Severe iron deficiency anemia resulting from malabsorption can complicate pregnancy following gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity. For women of childbearing age, this potential adverse effect must be considered.
An Experimental Test of a Strategy to Maintain Contact with Families Between Waves of a Panel Study.

Keeping track of sample persons between waves of data collection helps minimize attrition in longitudinal studies. All things being equal, the longer the time between data collection waves, the greater the likelihood that sample persons have moved, and the greater the difficulty in locating movers (Couper and Ofstedal 2007; Duncan and Kalton 1987). In 1997, the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) changed from annual to biennial interviewing. To capture residential changes between waves, PSID began sending families a “contact information update” mailing in the year between data collection waves. Families who update or verify the address and telephone information and return it receive a $10 post-paid check. About half the families responded to this mailing in recent waves. During 2007, families providing this information needed far less tracking or refusal conversion efforts, and half as many contacts to be interviewed, underscoring the cost effectiveness of the mailing. Given these advantages, we designed a study before 2009 production interviewing to improve the response rate of the contact update mailing. Families were randomly assigned to the following conditions: $10 as a pre-versus post-paid incentive, mailing design (traditional versus updated), being sent a study newsletter, and timing and frequency of the mailing (July versus October versus both times). This paper reports on initial findings with regard to response rates to the mailing by these different conditions. Overall, there is no effect of incentive type implying that post-paid incentives are more cost effective. Traditional design performs better than updated design. Families receiving a second mailing have higher response rates than those receiving one mailing. There are some interaction effects with timing-of-mailing, with October-only families having higher response rates when also receiving a prepaid incentive and newsletter. Hypotheses for these findings and next steps for analysis are described.
Axial dispersion of spheres fluidized with liquids

Solids dispersion due to the simultaneous diffusion (random particle motion) and classification (segregation) of fluidized spheres has been investigated. The model developed permits calculation of the mean concentration of spheres of both sizes in a mixture of two sizes of fluidized spheres as a function of bed length. Fick's law has been applied to the diffusional phenomenon. A hypothesis has been advanced and confirmed which permits calculation [Equation (5)] of the classification velocity for each size of sphere in a fluidized mixture. Calculation of the classification velocities in a mixture of spheres is based on the relation of void fraction to superficial velocity for the individual sizes of spheres. To facilitate carrying out these calculations, a generalized equation has been developed for the relation of void fraction to superficial velocity in terms of the Galileo number (d3gΔρρƒ/μ2) and sphere-to-column diameter ratio. Measurement of the bead size gradients (change in bead size with bed length) at steady state fluidization was used to investigate dispersion. Closely sized glass beads of 0.1 and 0.2 cm. diameters were fluidized with liquids of 1 and 15 cps. at void fractions of 0.5 to 0.8 in 2.5 and 5.0 cm. columns. Lead beads of 0.12 cm. diameter were also used. Further, several experiments were conducted by a method which is analogous to that used in molecular diffusion cells.
Outcomes in HIV/HBV-Coinfected Patients in the Tenofovir Era Are Greatly Affected by Immune Suppression.

Objectives:HIV-infected patients have higher mortality when coinfected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). With potent highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and the use of tenofovir (TDF), outcome...
Comment on ``Glide systems and Peierls stresses in fcc and bcc metals from phonon energies''

The theory of Boffi et al. of Peierls stresses in crystals is criticized on physical grounds on a number of points.
Do Infants Possess an Evolved Spider-Detection Mechanism?.

Previous studies with various non-human animals have revealed that they possess an evolved predator recognition mechanism that specifies the appearance of recurring threats. We used the preferential looking and habituation paradigms in three experiments to investigate whether 5-month-old human infants have a perceptual template for spiders that generalizes to real-world images of spiders. A fourth experiment assessed whether 5-month-olds have a perceptual template for a non-threatening biological stimulus (i.e., a flower). The results supported the hypothesis that humans, like other species, may possess a cognitive mechanism for detecting specific animals that were potentially harmful throughout evolutionary history.
Trait plasticity, not values, best corresponds with woodland plant success in novel and manipulated habitats

Aims The clustering of plants with similar leaf traits along environmental gradients may arise from adaptation as well as acclimation to heterogeneous habitat conditions. Determining the forces that shape plant leaf traits requires both linking variation in trait morphology with abiotic gradients and linking that trait variation with plant per formance under varying abiotic conditions. Across the spectrum of plant types, shade-tolerant evergreen herbs are relatively low in trait plasticity, compared to deciduous and sun-adapted species. These plants employ stress-tolerant strategies for survival, which coincide with relatively static trait morphologies, slow growth and hence a lower ability to adjust to changing environmental conditions. Methods We investigate how the survival of two ecologically similar under story evergreen species, Asarum arifolium and Hepatica nobilis, corresponds with variation in six commonly measured functional traits (leaf area, specific leaf area, plant height, leaf number, leaf length and shoot mass) along natural and experimental abiotic gradients. We examine temporal (the period 2007–9) and spatial (100 km) variations in these traits after (i) translocating 576 plants across a span from the southern Appalachian Mountains in NC, USA, to the Piedmont, GA, USA, which includes north- and south-facing slope habitats and (ii) the experimental manipulation of diffuse light and soil moisture. Important findings We find that when translocated into a novel habitats, with novel environmental conditions that often are more extreme than the source habitat, both species appear capable of considerable mor phological acclimation and generally converge to similar trait values. Hepatica nobilis does not exhibit mean trait values particularly different from those of A. arifolium, but it demonstrates much greater phenotypic plasticity. These results indicate that relatively conservative plant species nonetheless acclimate and survive across heterogeneous environmental conditions.
The Finnish Luther: Reflections from a Buddhist Perspective

: The author argues that the debate regarding the “Finnish Luther” can be illuminated by the rhetoric of merit of Shinran, the founder of the Jōdoshinshū sect of Japanese Buddhism. Tuomo Mannermaa and his colleagues have argued that Luther's doctrine of justification has more in common with the Orthodox doctrine of theosis than the theology of forensic justification of subsequent Lutheran theologians. In faith, the sinner undergoes an existential transformation due to the ontological indwelling of Christ. Both Luther and Shinran begin with similar starting points: the unbridgeable chasm between the sinner and the savior. In Shinran, this sets in motion an affirmation of the existential transformation of the sinner. Shinran's Buddhist rhetoric of merit, therefore, lends plausibility to this interpretation of Luther.
Conditional knockout of focal adhesion kinase in endothelial cells reveals its role in angiogenesis and vascular development in late embryogenesis

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a critical mediator of signal transduction by integrins and growth factor receptors in a variety of cells including endothelial cells (ECs). Here, we describe EC-specific knockout of FAK using a Cre-loxP approach. In contrast to the total FAK knockout, deletion of FAK specifically in ECs did not affect early embryonic development including normal vasculogenesis. However, in late embryogenesis, FAK deletion in the ECs led to defective angiogenesis in the embryos, yolk sac, and placenta, impaired vasculature and associated hemorrhage, edema, and developmental delay, and late embryonic lethal phenotype. Histologically, ECs and blood vessels in the mutant embryos present a disorganized, detached, and apoptotic appearance. Consistent with these phenotypes, deletion of FAK in ECs isolated from the floxed FAK mice led to reduced tubulogenesis, cell survival, proliferation, and migration in vitro. Together, these results strongly suggest a role of FAK in angiogenesis and vascular development due to its essential function in the regulation of multiple EC activities.
Variable frequency control of an induction motor drive with reduced switching devices

The modeling, analysis and control of a high performance induction motor drive fed with a rectifier-inverter system having only six active switching devices and operating from a single-phase supply under carrier-based pulse-width modulation scheme is the theme of this paper. Experimental results showing the unity displacement power factor operation of the single-phase supply and the speed tracking capability of the motor are presented to validate the analysis and control strategy proposed
Seizing the moment: The presidential campaigns’ use of Twitter during the 2012 electoral cycle

Drawing on interviews with staffers from the 2012 Obama and Romney presidential campaigns and qualitative content analysis of their Twitter feeds, this article provides the first inside look at how staffers used the platform to influence the agendas and frames of professional journalists, as well as appeal to strong supporters. These campaigns sought to influence journalists in direct and indirect ways, and planned their strategic communication efforts around political events such as debates well in advance. Despite these similarities, staffers cite that Obama’s campaign had much greater ability to respond in real time to unfolding commentary around political events given an organizational structure that provided digital staffers with a high degree of autonomy. After analyzing the ways staffers discuss effective communication on the platform, this article argues that at extraordinary moments campaigns can exercise what Isaac Reed calls “performative power,” influence over other actors’ definitions of the ...
Corrections for interferences and extraction conditions make a difference: use of the TBARS assay for lipid peroxidation of orthodox Spartina pectinata and recalcitrant Spartina alterniflora seeds during desiccation

Lipid peroxidation and membrane damage are often proposed as causes of recalcitrant seed death, and the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay is commonly used to measure lipid peroxidation. However, several artefacts can cause an overestimation of TBARS values, and these have not been routinely addressed in experiments with recalcitrant seeds. In the present report, TBARS was assayed as recalcitrant Spartina alterniflora and orthodox S. pectinata seeds were dried rapidly. Using the traditional Heath and Packer (1968) protocol with tissue extraction at 4°C, S. alterniflora had higher overall TBARS values than S. pectinata, and TBARS products increased when recalcitrant S. alterniflora and orthodox S. pectinata seeds were dried. However, when corrections for interfering substances, such as sugars and anthocyanins, were made, the TBARS values between the two species were almost identical. When seeds were freeze-clamped in liquid nitrogen prior to extraction, TBARS did not increase during desiccation for either species. These findings may indicate that lipid peroxidation is not the cause of desiccation-induced death in S. alterniflora. Therefore, freeze-clamping during tissue extraction and corrections for TBARS interfering substances must be applied to avoid overestimation of lipid peroxidation values.
Musings on genome medicine: genome wide association studies

We are grateful to the editors of Genome Medicine who have rather incautiously invited us to write a monthly commentary on the exciting events that have occurred in this burgeoning field. We have decided to write the column together because one of us (DGN) is a clinical investigator and the other (SHO) is a basic geneticist and developmental biologist. Together we believe we can do justice to the field and eschew cant. We begin with a discussion of the controversial role of genome wide association studies in clinical medicine.
Speech coding using Fourier-Bessel expansion of speech signals

Coding of speech signals using Bessel functions as orthogonal signals in the Fourier-Bessel (FB) expansion has been explored. It has been found that a reasonable quality of speech can be reconstructed using a set of 15 to 30 coefficients in the FB expansion of each frame of speech. At 80 frames per second and eight bits per coefficient, this corresponds to a bit rate of as low as 9600 bits/second when predetermined sequence of coefficients are used. The speech quality and the bit rate increase when higher number or a selected set of coefficients are used. Comparable results in perceptual speech quality and frame-to-frame signal-to-noise were observed for both male and female speakers.
Development and Validation of the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form

A committee of international knee experts created the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form, which is a knee-specific, rather than a disease-specific, measure of symptoms, function, and sports activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the new International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form. To provide evidence for reliability and validity, we administered the final version of the form, along with the Short Form-36, to 533 patients with a variety of knee problems. Analyses were performed to determine reliability, validity, and differential item function related to age, sex, and diagnosis. Factor analysis revealed a single dominant component, making it reasonable to combine all questions into a single score. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were 0.92 and 0.95, respectively. Based on test-retest reliability, the value for a true change in the score was 9.0 points. The International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form score was related to concurrent measures of physical function (r = 0.47 to 0.66) but not to emotional function (r = 0.16 to 0.26). Analysis of differential item function indicated that the questions functioned similarly for men versus women, young versus old, and for those with different diagnoses. In conclusion, the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form is a reliable and valid knee-specific measure of symptoms, function, and sports activity that is appropriate for patients with a wide variety of knee problems. Use of this instrument will permit comparisons of outcome across groups with different knee problems.
Block Equalization and Generalized MLSE Arbitration for the HSPA WCDMA Uplink

High speed packet access (HSPA), the latest evolution of the wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) standard, provides higher uplink data rates using higher-order modulation (16-QAM) and multicode transmission. Equalization is needed when the channel is dispersive. Despite gains from linear equalization, there is room for further improvement. In this paper, we consider two enhancements: block equalization with joint detection and a generalization of arbitration. Block equalization with joint detection, originally developed for non-spread systems, involves jointly detecting symbols from multiple symbol periods and using a feedback filter to remove interference from past symbol periods. Here we extend this idea to parallel symbol streams, add feedforward filtering, and introduce the notion of block linear equalization. Arbitration, also originally developed for nonspread systems, involves bidirectional decision feedback equalization and selection. Here we generalize the arbitration concept to other forms of equalization and improve the selection process using constrained maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE). These enhancements are then evaluated via simulation for the HSPA uplink, demonstrating their efficacy.
Spiralling into Control: Appreciating the Groundbreaking Legal Writing Pedagogy of Professor Mary S. Lawrence

Mary Lawrence is considered one of the pioneers of legal writing. In her first career teaching English as a Second Language at the University of Michigan, Professor Lawrence developed her trademark cognitive learning method of “spiralling,” which treats writing not as an “end product” but as a process. She explained this approach in her seminal book, Writing as a Thinking Process (1972). In her second career, Professor Lawrence directed Oregon Law’s legal writing program, which she founded in 1978 and led for 22 years. She adapted her ESL method to the instruction of legal writing, and in doing so revolutionized the discipline. This article describes how Professor Lawrence’s pedagogical theories helped established the process approach to teaching legal writing. It honors Professor Lawrence for her many contributions to the field and argues her ideas are still relevant today.
The Quantitative Moment and the Qualitative Opportunity: Legal Studies of Judicial Decision Making (Book Review)

The publication in 2007 of Frank B. Cross's "Decision Making in the U.S. Courts of Appeals" is further evidence that the field of empirical inquiry within the legal academy has now reached a stage of maturity. Cross concludes that "[j]udicial decision making clearly involves a mix that includes some ideological influence, considerable legal influence, and undoubtedly other factors." As prominently featured by Cross's book, empirical study within the legal academy progressively focuses more on identifying and measuring the law as an element of judicial decision making, rather than assuming that only (or mostly) judicial ideology or preferences matter. With the accumulation of an impressive body of empirical work by many legal scholars over the past decade, we are experiencing a "Quantitative Moment" in the legal academy. The greater value attached to empirical study of the law in the leading law schools is providing the prestige, attention, and resources necessary for quantitative research and statistical analysis to flourish. At the same time, quantitative analysis is subject to significant limitations. For example, empirical study has yet to demonstrate that any extralegal factor explains more than a very small part of the variation in outcomes. Accordingly, the indispensability of alternative means of studying the courts has also become ever more clear. Empirical study of the courts should remain a mainstay of legal scholarship: it reminds us of the reality of multifarious influences on judges, allows us to identify patterns that are not readily discernable in unsystematic reading of opinions, and offers us significant explanatory power in certain discrete categories of cases. However, because of difficulties in quantifying legal elements for empirical study, the qualitative forms of legal scholarship, both theoretical and doctrinal, have ample room within which to operate and contribute to a fuller understanding of legal decisions. Thus, a "Qualitative Opportunity" also looms large today, and law schools should not be so short-sighted as to slight the traditional forms of legal scholarship, even as they wisely encourage the quantitative methods. As empirical legal studies comes into its prime - and theoretical and doctrinal scholarship retain their established standings within the legal academy - quantitative and qualitative approaches to understanding the law and legal institutions should bolster each other and strengthen the quality and value of each.
Phosphonate-Derivatized Porphyrins for Photoelectrochemical Applications.

A series of phosphonate-derivatized, high redox potential porphyrins with mesityl, pentafluorophenyl, and heptafluoropropyl meso-substituents were synthesized by acid-catalyzed condensation reactions. Ground and excited state redox potentials in the series were varied systematically with the electron-donating or electron-accepting nature of the meso-substitutents. The extent of excitation and injection by porphyrin singlet excited states surface-bound to SnO2/TiO2 core/shell metal oxide nanoparticle films varies with the excited state reduction potential, E°′(P+/P*). With the mesityl-substituted porphyrin, high current density and sustained photocurrents are observed at pH 7 with the addition of the electron transfer donor hydroquinone.
Argumentative Virtues as Conduits for Reason’s Causal Efficacy: Why the Practice of Giving Reasons Requires that We Practice Hearing Reasons

Psychological and neuroscientific data suggest that a great deal, perhaps even most, of our reasoning turns out to be rationalizing. The reasons we give for our positions are seldom either the real reasons or the effective causes of why we have those positions. We are not as rational as we like to think. A second, no less disheartening observation is that while we may be very effective when it comes to giving reasons, we are not that good at getting reasons. We are not as reasons-responsive as we like to think. Reasoning and argumentation are, on this view, charades without effect. This paper begins by identifying a range of theoretical responses to the idea that reasoning and argumentation have little casual role in our thoughts and actions, and, consequently, that humans are not the reasons-giving, reasons-responsive agents that we imagine ourselves to be. The responses fall into three categories: challenging the data and their interpretations; making peace with the loss of autonomy that is implied; and seeking ways to expand the causal footprint of reasoning and argumentation, e.g., by developing argumentative virtues. There are indeed possibilities for becoming more rational and more reasons-responsive, so the reports of our demise as the rational animal are greatly exaggerated.
Strategic management and health workforce policy.

Among the many consequences of health care restructuring is the impact such changes have on the training requirements for the health professions. Since workforce planning has been difficult and sometimes controversial in relatively stable times, it is likely to be even more problematic amid the turbulent changes ahead as the U.S. health care system restructures for the 21 century. Strategic management models emphasizing stakeholder involvement offer a middle ground between the extremes of government mandates and free markets by engaging a variety of participants with a stake in the planning outcome. The following report on the New Jersey effort to engage a variety of health care stakeholders in a participatory management process to shape the state physician workforce may provide useful insights for both managers and policy-makers.
Conformal Transforms and Doob’s h-Processes on Heisenberg Groups

We study the stochastic processes that are images of Brownian motions on Heisenberg group H2n+1 under conformal maps. In particular, we obtain that Cayley transform maps Brownian paths in H2n+1 to a time changed Brownian motion on CR sphere \(\mathbb{S}^{2n+1}\) conditioned to be at its south pole at a random time. We also obtain that the inversion of Brownian motion on H2n+1 started from x ≠ 0, is up to time change, a Brownian bridge on H2n+1 conditioned to be at the origin.
The impact of different metallization layers on CdTe solar cells contacted with ZnTe:Cu buffer layers

It is difficult to form ohmic contact with CdTe because of its high work function (5.7 eV), so a buffer layer is oftenused to decrease the barrier height. Previously, we demonstrated high efficiency solar cells using rapid thermal processing (RTP) to activate back contacts comprised of a ZnTe:Cu buffer and gold metallization layer. However, since Au is not practical for commercialization in this work we explore chromium and titanium as more practical alternatives. It was found that comparable performance could be obtained with each metal, but that the optimal Cu loading scaled as one would expect based on solubility. Comparisons of current-voltage and quantum efficiency behavior among devices produced with insufficient, optimal, and excess Cu dosing are used to provide insight into the role(s) of this critical impurity for device performance. Reliability tests were carried out under different stressing conditions and the results show the relation of the degradation with both the metal and the presence of illumination.
Micro-Classes: A Structure for Improving Student Experience in Large Classes

As class-sizes grow in computer science, the personal attention received by students tends to diminish. This work aims to replicate small-class community effects within a large class by creating "micro-classes"---small groups within the large class. These micro-classes consist of 20--30 students led by graduate teaching assistants and undergraduate tutors who are specifically trained in small-classroom instructional techniques. This paper studies the outcomes of the micro-classes framework in an upper-division data structures course and compares them to outcomes from the same class taught in a large lecture, active-learning format. Students report increased satisfaction and a higher perception of community in the micro-classes section, though there was no discernible difference in student academic performance.
Specificity of, and influence of hemolysis, lipemia, and icterus on serum lipase activity as measured by the v-LIP-P slide.

Background Measurement of pancreatic lipase in serum is being used for the diagnosis of pancreatitis. Objectives The aims of this study were to measure serum lipase activity by the v-LIP-P slide and serum canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) concentration by Spec cPL in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) and in serum samples that were hemolyzed, lipemic, or icteric. Methods Serum samples from 50 dogs with EPI, 8 samples spiked with canine hemoglobin, Intralipid, or ditaurobilirubin, and 8 samples from dogs with severe hypertriglyceridemia were evaluated using v-LIP-P and Spec cPL assays. Results Serum lipase activity (v-LIP-P) was in the lower 20% of the RI in 58% of EPI dogs, while serum cPLI (as measured by Spec cPL) was in the lower 20% of the RI in 98% of EPI dogs. The mean (±SD) observed-to-expected ratios for serum samples spiked with canine hemoglobin, Intralipid, or ditaurobilirubin were 63.0 ± 25.1%, 489.2 ± 469.7%, and 80.2 ± 11.6% for the v-LIP-P slide, respectively, and 99.3 ± 6.8%, 96.9 ± 9.4%, and 98.7 ± 11.0% for Spec cPL, respectively. However, naturally occurring hypertriglyceridemia did not appear to have a significant effect on serum lipase activity as measured by the v-LIP-P slide. Conclusions These results show that Spec cPL is specific for pancreatic lipase, while the v-LIP-P slide is not. In addition, hemolysis and lipemia had no effect on Spec cPL, while severe icterus resulted in a slight decrease in Spec cPL. Hemolysis and icterus had a significant effect on the v-LIP-P slide. The effect of lipemia on the v-LIP-P slide cannot be conclusively established based on this study.
Transcriptional Regulation of Carnitine Catabolism in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by CdhR

ABSTRACT The common environmental bacterium and opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa encodes diverse metabolic pathways and associated regulatory networks allowing it to thrive in these different environments. In an effort to understand P. aeruginosa metabolism and detection of host-derived compounds, we previously identified CdhR and GbdR as members of the AraC transcription factor family that regulate catabolism of the quaternary amine compounds carnitine and glycine betaine, respectively. In this study, our goal was to further characterize regulation of carnitine catabolism by the transcription factor CdhR. CdhR binds in a concentration-dependent manner upstream of the carnitine catabolism operon promoter (PcaiXcdhCABhocS). We identified the CdhR binding site and determined that it overlaps with the GbdR binding site in the caiX-cdhR intergenic region. Carnitine catabolism is repressed by glucose and glycine betaine, and here we show this happens at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, we show that CdhR enhances its own expression and that GbdR contributes to cdhR expression by enhancing the level of basal expression. The intertwined regulation of caiX and cdhR transcription by GbdR and CdhR suggests that carnitine catabolism is under tight but tuneable control. IMPORTANCE Pathogens must metabolize host-derived compounds during infection and properly regulate the responsible pathways. Carnitine is a common eukaryotic-associated quaternary amine compound that can be catabolized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here we expand on our understanding of how this metabolic pathway is regulated and provide details on how carnitine catabolism is intertwined with glycine betaine catabolism at the level of transcriptional control.
Cache timing side-channel vulnerability checking with computation tree logic

Caches are one of the key features of modern processors as they help to improve memory access timing through caching recently used data. However, due to the timing differences between cache hits and misses, numerous timing side-channels have been discovered and exploited in the past. In this paper, Computation Tree Logic is used to model execution paths of the processor cache logic, and to derive formulas for paths that can lead to timing side-channel vulnerabilities. In total, 28 types of cache attacks are presented: 20 types of which map to attacks previously categorized or discussed in literature, and 8 types are new. Furthermore, to enable practical vulnerability checking, we present a new approach that limits the depth of the execution paths that need to be checked by the Computation Tree Logic, allowing for use of bounded model checking for Computation Tree Logic based cache security verification using the new three-step single-cache-block-access model.
Poorly differentiated ("insular") carcinoma of the thyroid gland: An aggressive subset of differentiated thyroid neoplasms

Four patients with a histologically distinctive thyroid carcinoma--which recently has been referred to as poorly differentiated ("insular") carcinoma--are reported. This study confirms the previous conclusions that patients with this neoplasm often experience an aggressive clinical course, with focal recurrences and distant metastases common, which results in death in the majority of patients. Such aggressive behavior may occur even when the insular component accounts for only a small percentage of an otherwise well-differentiated carcinoma, as seen in one of our patients. After subtotal or total thyroidectomy, three of the four patients have experienced local recurrence (1) and metastases to lung (3), mediastinum (1), and bone (1). All three of these patients died within 2 years of the diagnosis of insular carcinoma. The remaining patient is alive without evidence of disease 1 year after total thyroidectomy. Histologically, this neoplasm is characterized by well-defined nests (insulae) that are composed of relatively small, uniform cells and sometimes associated with small, thyroglobulin-containing follicles. Tumor necrosis is often present. Insular carcinoma may comprise the entire neoplasm (2 patients) or be associated with well-differentiated follicular (1 patient) or papillary (1 patient) carcinoma. The rapid and often fatal course associated with insular carcinoma warrants aggressive treatment at the time of initial diagnosis, including total thyroidectomy and node dissection (if involved), as well as possible iodine-131, external beam irradiation and chemotherapy.
The Clinical Biomedical Research Advances Achievable Utilizing One Health Principles

Translational biomedical research is an excellent example of the evolving paradigm of the “one health” concept. The multidisciplinary collaborations between physicians, veterinarians, physical therapists, engineers, molecular biologists and a host of other scientific disciplines have yielded, and will continue to yield, significant advancements in the quality of healthcare in both animals and man.
Introduction to Electrolytic Solutions

Ionized chemical species are common in all biological systems, and therefore it is crucial to attain a solid understanding of how ions interact with one another and with their solvent. No natural, and only occasional pharmacologically relevant solutions, are simple aqueous solutions of ions. Yet knowledge of the solute and solvent interactions in homogeneous electrolyte solutions is an important first step toward ultimately understanding the role of ions in biological systems. It is recalled from Section 7.2 that ideal solutions fulfill the requirements of Raoult’s law; that is, the vapor pressure of each component is proportional to the mole fraction over the entire range of concentrations. This has the physical meaning that the solution’s components have neither solute-solute nor solvent-solute interactions. A moment’s reflection will suggest that the presence of electrically charged species in a polar-structured solvent such as water will not satisfy these “isolationist” requirements. The nature of these interactions will be the first focus of this chapter.
An Extended BDI-Based Model for Human Decision-Making and Social Behavior: Various Applications

An extended Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) modeling framework has been developed and refined by the author’s research group in the last decade to mimic realistic human decision-making and social behaviors. The goal of this manuscript is to discuss various applications that the proposed modeling framework has been applied, such as 1) evacuation behaviors under a terrorist bomb attack, 2) pedestrian behaviors in the Chicago Loop area, 3) workforce assignment in a multi-organizational social network for community-based software development, 4) pedestrian behaviors in a shopping mall, 5) evacuation behaviors under fire in a factory, and 6) error detection and resolution by people in a complex manufacturing facility.
Women in Charge: The Effect of Rebel Governance and Women’s Organisations on Karen Women’s Political Participation

What factors affect women’s political participation in wartime? Previous scholarship has found several benefits associated with women’s participation in the peace process and in post-conflict socie...
Applying EMAT for Ultrasonic Communication Through Steel Plates and Pipes

Ultrasonic communication methods have been used for sending data through elastic solids such as steel pipes or plates to overcome physical hurdles that hamper the conventional communication methods (wired and RF wireless). EMAT (Electro Magnetic Acoustic Transducer), an ultrasonic signal generation technique that generates different modes of waveform, is particularly useful for hot, cold, or dry environments, which overcome many of the issues faced by conventional PZT ultrasonic probes. In this paper, EMAT is used as the transmitter for noncontact ultrasonic signal generation and PZT is used as the receiver for the communication system. This system is designed to assess the efficiency of Lamb waves and to examine Bit Error Rate (BER) of digital communication. The communication system was configured using National Instrument arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) and PXI digital oscilloscope. The accuracy of transmitted information is tested on a 5-foot long stainless-steel plate and pipe. The system operates with the frequency of 414 kHz signal and uses Amplitude-Shift Keying (ASK) modulation for transmission. This method can transfer digital data in presence of undesirable multipath effect with bit rates of 20 kbps and 40 kbps without any error.
"You Want to Give the Best Care Possible, and You Know When They Leave Your Pharmacy, You Didn't Give the Best Care Possible Most of the Time": Pharmacist- and Community Health Worker-Identified Barriers and Facilitators to Medication Adherence in Marshallese Patients.

The Marshallese experience high rates of chronic diseases including hypertension and diabetes. Medication adherence is crucial to successful disease management, and healthcare providers play a crucial role in assisting their patients with medication adherence. A qualitative study design was used with individual interviews and focus groups with pharmacists and community health workers (CHWs) serving the Marshallese community in Northwest Arkansas. Participants were asked about their experiences with and perceptions of barriers and facilitators to medication adherence among Marshallese adults in Northwest Arkansas. Eight pharmacists and nine CHWs were interviewed. Five themes emerged regarding barriers to medication adherence: (1) financial, (2) transportation, (3) language, (4) health literacy and understanding of Western medicine, and (5) mistrust. Four themes emerged regarding facilitators to medication adherence: (1) in-depth patient education strategies, (2) efforts to address the language barrier, (3) family engagement, and (4) public transportation and prescription home delivery. Pharmacists and CHWs identified the same barriers to medication adherence, which are consistent with those documented in previous studies. Pharmacists also reported distress over their inability to confirm Marshallese patient understanding in relation to the use of prescribed medications.
Size and coating of engineered silver nanoparticles determine their ability to growth-independently inhibit aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus parasiticus

Recent studies from our laboratory indicate that engineered silver nanoparticles can inhibit aflatoxin biosynthesis even at concentrations at which they do not demonstrate antifungal activities on the aflatoxin-producing fungus. Whether such inhibition can be modified by altering the nanoparticles’ physical properties remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that three differently sized citrated-coated silver nanoparticles denoted here as NP1, NP2, and NP3 (where, sizes of NP1 < NP2 < NP3) inhibit aflatoxin biosynthesis at different effective doses in Aspergillus parasiticus, the plant pathogenic filamentous fungus. Recapping NP2 with polyvinylpyrrolidone coating (denoted here as NP2p) also altered its ability to inhibit aflatoxin production. Dose-response experiments with NP concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 ng mL−1 indicated a non-monotonic relationship between aflatoxin inhibition and NP concentration. The maximum inhibitory concentrations differed between the NP types. NP1 demonstrated maximum inhibition at 25 ng mL−1. Both NP2 and NP3 showed maximum inhibition at 50 ng mL−1, although NP2 resulted in a significantly higher inhibition than NP3. While both NP2 and NP2p demonstrated greater aflatoxin inhibition than NP1 and NP3, NP2p inhibited aflatoxin over a significantly wider concentration range as compared to NP2. Our results, therefore, suggest that nano-fungal interactions can be regulated by altering certain NP physical properties. This concept can be used to design NPs for mycotoxin prevention optimally.
The impact of religiosity on the psychological well-being of LGBT Christians

Individuals who identified as LGBT and Christian were administered measures of religiosity, their religious organization’s view of homosexuality, internalized homonegativity (IH), and psychological...
The Development of a New Interdisciplinary Field: Active Living Research—A Foundation-Supported Interdisciplinary Research Funding Program

Active Living Research (ALR) was supported as a National Program by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 2001–2016 to build an evidence base to inform solutions to the epidemic of inactive lifestyles. ALR was designed to help develop a new interdisciplinary research area to understand environmental and policy influences on physical activity that could lead to population-wide solutions. The program implemented strategies to recruit highly interdisciplinary research teams, support effective functioning, develop new methods, conduct studies, and communicate the results to decision makers in multiple sectors. Many teams combined public health, behavioral science, and exercise science investigators with the most relevant disciplines with expertise in physical activity environments, such as city planning, parks and leisure studies, landscape architecture, transportation, education, and architecture. The chapter describes the methods ALR used to accomplish its team science goals. A case study of one grantee’s experience illustrates the impact an interdisciplinary funding program can have on the functioning of research teams and the trajectory of individual investigators. ALR is an example of a private foundation being willing to take a risk by “seed funding” a new interdisciplinary field, which has become mainstream. This role of “pioneering” a new research area is a valuable and appropriate one for foundations.
National Early Warning Score Is Modestly Predictive of Care Escalation after Emergency Department-to-Floor Admission

Abstract Background Decompensation on the medical floor is associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Objective Our aim was to determine the accuracy of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) in predicting early, unplanned escalation of care in patients admitted to the hospital from the emergency department (ED) compared to the Shock Index (SI) and the quick Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted directly from the ED to monitored or unmonitored beds (November 9, 2015 to April 30, 2018) in 3 hospitals. Interhospital transfers were excluded. Patient data, vital status, and bed assignment were extracted from the electronic medical record. Scores were calculated using the last set of vital signs prior to leaving the ED. Primary endpoint was in-hospital death or placement in an intermediate or intensive care unit within 24 h of admission from the ED. Scores were compared using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC). Results Of 46,018 ED admissions during the study window, 39,491 (85.8%) had complete data, of which 3.7% underwent escalation in level of care within 24 h of admission. NEWS outperformed (AUROC 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68–0.69) qSOFA (AUROC 0.63; 95% CI 0.62–0.63; p Conclusions This multicenter study found NEWS was superior to the qSOFA score and SI in predicting early, unplanned escalation of care for ED patients admitted to a general medical-surgical floor.
Event-related potential characteristics analysis on vigilant attention development of school-age children

Objective To explore the characteristics of event-related potential(ERP) in the development of alert attention of children aged 6-11 years old. Methods A total of 144 children aged 6-11 years old were enrolled in a continuous performance test (CPT, Go/Nogo stimulus task). The latency and amplitude of frontal region cue/uncue-P3 and CNV were analyzed and compared in all age groups. Results (1)Behavioral comparison among different age groups: correct number(35(31, 38), 37(34, 38.25), 37(34.75, 39), 38(35, 39.25), 39(37.25, 40), 39(39, 40)), correct reaction time((566.88±86.63)ms, (530.10±83.40)ms, (509.17±88.99)ms, (488.31±76.23)ms, (463.45±75.78)ms, (417.24±75.78)ms), the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01). (2)Fz lead ERP characteristics: ①Comparison of cue-CNV and uncue-CNV: 6-year-old group((-8.54±4.56)μV vs (-10.13±6.36)μV), 7-year-old group((-9.20±5.34)μV vs (-11.53±4.29)μV), 8-year-old group((-8.37±4.78)μV vs (-11.35±6.38)μV)in amplitude and 9-year-old group((689.25±268.22)ms vs (826.13±174.62)ms)in latency were significantly different(P<0.05). ②Comparison of cue-P3 and uncue-P3: 6-year-old group((4.29±4.11)μV vs (7.45±3.83)μV), 7-year-old group((4.47±4.71)μV vs (5.82±4.40)μV), 8-year-old group((3.76±3.39)μV vs (6.24±4.91)μV), 9-year-old group((4.27±3.57)μV vs (5.93±3.08)μV), 11-year-old group((4.24±4.66)μV vs (6.13±4.42)μV)in amplitude were significantly different(P<0.05). ③Longitudinal comparison among age groups: the latency of cue-CNV in 9-year-old group and 11-year-old group were shorter, and the difference was significant(P<0.05). The amplitudes of cue-CNV and cue-P3 in 10-year-old group were shorter than those in other age groups(P<0.05). Conclusion With the increase of age, the reaction time of school-age children shortened and the correct rate improved.The age of 9-10 may be the high-speed period of the development for brain network on vigilant attention and psychological prediction which may be related to the maturation and development of frontal cortex. Key words: Event related potential; School-age children; Vigilant attention
Bidirectional LCC – LCC -Compensated 20-kW Wireless Power Transfer System for Medium-Duty Vehicle Charging

This article presents the design and demonstration of a bidirectional 20-kW wireless charging system (WCS) with a significantly large air gap (11 in) and asymmetrical input–output voltage levels. Analytical and experimental sensitivity analyses of the WCS resonant tank were conducted to verify the optimal operating region under the load and frequency variation. The inverter and rectifier were designed with switching components, the charging pads were designed with double-D (DD) coils, and the tuning networks were designed with an LCC – LCC tuning circuit. The grid and vehicle side tuning circuits were designed separately to achieve a ~1:2 gain for the asymmetrical input (800 $\text{V}_{\text {dc}}$ ) and output (350 $\text{V}_{\text {dc}}$ ) voltages. The proposed WCS was designed, simulated, and tested to verify the efficiency, power transfer capacity, and sensitivity under load variation. The experimental results show that, at 20-kW output power, the achieved grid-to-vehicle dc – dc efficiency was 96.1%, and the vehicle-to-grid dc – dc efficiency was 96.2%. The proposed system is the largest-air gap bidirectional WCS with the highest efficiency and power density.
Distillation of MSA Embeddings to Folded Protein Structures with Graph Transformers

AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWDetermining the structure of proteins has been a long-standing goal in biology. Language models have been recently deployed to capture the evolutionary semantics of protein sequences. Enriched with multiple sequence alignments (MSA), these models can encode protein tertiary structure. In this work, we introduce an attention-based graph architecture that exploits MSA Transformer embeddings to directly produce three-dimensional folded structures from protein sequences. We envision that this pipeline will provide a basis for efficient, end-to-end protein structure prediction.