cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparisons of Experimental and Computed Crystal Rotations Caused by Slip in Crept and Thermomechanically Fatigued Dual-Shear Eutectic Sn-Ag Solder Joints

Single shear-lap specimens having a solder joint area of 1 mm2 and nominally 100-µm thickness on copper substrates were crept at 85°C and compared to dual shear-lap specimens with copper and nickel interfaces that were thermomechanically cycled from −15°C to 150°C to mimic the solder-joint deformation history of surface-mount components. Electron microscopy revealed surface cracks in some grain boundaries in the creep specimen and shear bands and other surface relief features on the originally polished surfaces after 100 cycles with short times at high temperature and long times at cold temperature. Orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) studies of various regions of these specimens were used to determine how the microstructure and crystallographic orientations evolved with creep or thermomechanical cycling. These results are compared to ascertain how strain path, the anisotropy of Sn, and various slip systems could account for crack nucleation and ultimate failure of the solder joint in surface-mount components.
A study of the muscarinic receptor subtype mediating mucus secretion in the cat trachea in vitro.

Abstract Mucus secretion from the cat trachea stimulated by muscarinic receptor agonists has been studied by monitoring both the weight and acid glycoconjugate content of samples taken from an in vitro preparation. The nature of the receptor has been probed using a number of competitive muscarinic receptor antagonists by estimating their affinities from the degree to which the response could be blocked. Antagonist affinities have also been compared with those obtained in tracheal smooth muscle and atria from the guinea-pig. Atropine had similar affinities for all receptors investigated. 4DAMP and AF-DX116 had relatively high (pA 2 =9) and low (pA 2 =6) affinities respectively for the secretory receptor. The pA 2 value of 7.5 calculated for pirenzepine suggested that the receptor was not of the M 1 subtype. However, the value was higher than that for pirenzepine in both guinea-pig tissues indicating that the receptor may be an ‘intermediate’ between M 1 and M 2 subtypes. The lack of antagonists with absolute selectivity for a particular subtype of the muscarinic receptor prohibits a definitive classification.
Comparison of Quality Loss and Changes in the Glutathione Antioxidant System in Stored Mackerel and Bluefish Muscle

Minced mackerel muscle was less stable at −20 °C than minced bluefish muscle as judged by odor evaluation but not by production of TBA-reactive substances. Minced mackerel muscle lost total glutathione faster than minced bluefish muscle at both −20 and 2 °C. Loss of glutathione was also more rapid in mackerel fillets than in bluefish fillets, but the differences were less. Sensory scores declined in both species after about two-thirds of the glutathione was lost. Neither soluble selenium nor glutathione peroxidase, oxidized glutathione reductase, or glutathione transferase activities appeared likely to account for the differences observed in glutathione losses. In a model system of washed, minced mackerel light muscle, glutathione/glutathione peroxidase was an effective antioxidant against lipid oxidation induced by an exogenous free radical-generating system. It seems possible that glutathione protected the fish muscle against quality loss in the early stages of storage. Keywords: Glutathione; antioxidan...
StearoylCoA Desaturase-5: A Novel Regulator of Neuronal Cell Proliferation and Differentiation

Recent studies have demonstrated that human stearoylCoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), a Δ9-desaturase that converts saturated fatty acids (SFA) into monounsaturated fatty acids, controls the rate of lipogenesis, cell proliferation and tumorigenic capacity in cancer cells. However, the biological function of stearoylCoA desaturase-5 (SCD5), a second isoform of human SCD that is highly expressed in brain, as well as its potential role in human disease, remains unknown. In this study we report that the constitutive overexpression of human SCD5 in mouse Neuro2a cells, a widely used cell model of neuronal growth and differentiation, displayed a greater n-7 MUFA-to-SFA ratio in cell lipids compared to empty-vector transfected cells (controls). De novo synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterolesters was increased whereas phosphatidylethanolamine and triacylglycerol formation was reduced in SCD5-expressing cells with respect to their controls, suggesting a differential use of SCD5 products for lipogenic reactions. We also observed that SCD5 expression markedly accelerated the rate of cell proliferation and suppressed the induction of neurite outgrowth, a typical marker of neuronal differentiation, by retinoic acid indicating that the desaturase plays a key role in the mechanisms of cell division and differentiation. Critical signal transduction pathways that are known to modulate these processes, such epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)Akt/ERK and Wnt, were affected by SCD5 expression. Epidermal growth factor-induced phosphorylation of EGFR, Akt and ERK was markedly blunted in SCD5-expressing cells. Furthermore, the activity of canonical Wnt was reduced whereas the non-canonical Wnt was increased by the presence of SCD5 activity. Finally, SCD5 expression increased the secretion of recombinant Wnt5a, a non-canonical Wnt, whereas it reduced the cellular and secreted levels of canonical Wnt7b. Our data suggest that, by a coordinated modulation of key lipogenic pathways and transduction signaling cascades, SCD5 participates in the regulation of neuronal cell growth and differentiation.
Inhibitors of JAK for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: rationale and clinical data

The JAK/ STAT signal transduction pathway is primarily involved in regulating STAT-target gene transcription. Many of the STAT-target genes are those responsible for the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, proteins that regulate apoptosis and/or cell survival and genes that control determination of cell fate. The aberrant over production of proinflammatory cytokines, the imbalance between cell survival and apoptosis skewed towards survival and the abnormal proliferation of cells of the immune system and synoviocytes are several hallmark characteristics of the pathophysiology of human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Several of the disease-modifying antirheumatic biological drugs, including TNF-α antagonists and IL-6-receptor neutralizing monoclonal antibodies retard the clinical and radiographic progression of RA and also inhibit JAK/STAT pathway activation. The long-term goal of developing JAK-specific small-molecule inhibitors through medicinal chemistry strategies may ultimately be to reduce the dependen...
Precise estimation of in situ geopotential differences from GRACE low‐low satellite‐to‐satellite tracking and accelerometer data

[1] The precise determination of in situ geopotential differences at satellite altitude was demonstrated by simultaneously adjusting the orbits of the coorbiting GRACE satellites with intersatellite low-low range rate measurements. The results agree well (correlation coefficients 0.5–0.8) with the monthly solutions of the spherical harmonic coefficients estimated using contemporary methods of precise orbit determination and parameter recovery. Higher correlation (>0.8 in general) was found for the in situ estimates over the continents than over the oceans. The analysis of 4 months of GRACE satellite-to-satellite tracking data from July 2003 to October 2003 indicated a significant migration of mass over the Amazon basin (hydrological effect), which agreed well with the predictions from the published monthly mean global gravity field solutions. Our results demonstrate the validity and utility of this alternative technique for global and especially regional modeling of the gravity field and its variation with temporal and spatial resolutions finer than monthly and 1000 km, respectively.
Heat transfer in turbulent fluids—I. Pipe flow

Abstract The expression for turbulent Prandtl number obtained from the renormalization group procedure is used to describe the process of heat transfer in turbulent pipe flow. The results are in a good agreement with experimental data over the entire range of experimentally accessible Prandtl numbers, 10-2
Creative arts for hospitals: The UCLA experiment☆

Art That Heals developed five programs at the UCLA Medical Center/Cancer Center which used arts interventions to reduce stress and facilitate coping with hospitalization. These experiences were well received by patients and nursing staff. Educational modules were developed so that others may learn from these program models. Constructive ideas based on the seven years of operation are cited.
Clopidogrel: a pharmacoeconomic review

SummaryRecent randomised, prospective studies have demonstrated the clinical efficacy and safety of clopidogrel in the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndromes, including those treated with primary percutaneous intervention. In these settings clopidogrel decreased the risk of atherothrombotic events by 20–30%.The use of clopidogrel instead of aspirin, for secondary prevention in patients with stable cardiovascular disease, results in a modest 8.7% relative risk reduction. However, clinical trial failed to show benefit in patients treated with clopidogrel added to aspirin in this population.Economic analyses conducted in the US and Europe demonstrated the cost effectiveness of clopidogrel in combination with aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes, and showed a favourable economic profile for clopidogrel compared with other cardiovascular interventions. On the other hand, the data for the use of clopidogrel in patients with stable cardiovascular disease either alone or in combination w...
Adsorption of aqueous benzene onto hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces

Mesure de la quantite adsorbee et des donnees thermodynamiques relatives a l'adsorption du benzene sur de la silice, de l'alumine et de la magnesie de silice, par calorimetrie
Truncation of the peptide sequence in bifunctional ligands with mu and delta opioid receptor agonist and neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist activities

The optimization and truncation of our lead peptide-derived ligand TY005 possessing eight amino-acid residues was performed. Among the synthesized derivatives, NP30 (Tyr(1)-DAla(2)-Gly(3)-Phe(4)-Gly(5)-Trp(6)-O-[3',5'-Bzl(CF3)2]) showed balanced and potent opioid agonist as well as substance P antagonist activities in isolated tissue-based assays, together with significant antinociceptive and antiallodynic activities in vivo.
On the Computation of Noncentral Chi-Squared Distributions with Even Degrees of Freedom

A computational formula for computing the cumulative distribution function of noncentral chi-squared distributions with even degrees of freedom is given.
Observation of a high-mass Δ++ produced in association with K*, ϱ and ω

Abstract Strong evidence is presented for quasi-two-body production of a π + p enhancement with mass 1881±6MeV and width 219±23MeV, recoiling off vector mesons ϱ O and ω from π + p interactions at 7.1 GeV/ c and K * o (890) from K + p interactions at 12 GeV/ c . The most probable J P assignment for this object is 7/2 + , making it a likely candidate for the Regge recurrence of Δ(1236).
Photoionization cross sections of Fe XXI

Abstract Total and partial photoionization cross sections for ( Fe XXI + h ν → Fe XXII + e ) are presented for the ground and excited bound states with n ⩽ 10 and l ⩽ 9 . Fe XXI is prevalent in high-temperature astrophysical plasmas as well as in photoionized plasmas excited by hard X-rays. Results are reported for the first time for the high-energy photoionization with core excitations to n = 2 , 3 states. Details of photoionization, especially the high-energy features that often dominate considerably over the low energy ones, are illustrated. These prominent features will affect the photoionization and the recombination rates in high-temperature plasmas. Calculations are carried out in the close coupling (CC) approximation using the R-matrix method. A large CC wavefunction expansion for Fe XXII which includes the ground and 28 excited core states from n = 2 and 3 complexes and spans over a wide energy range is used. A total of 835 discrete bound states of Fe XXI in the singlet, triplet, and quintet symmetries are obtained. Total photoionization cross sections, σ PI ( nLS ) , for ionization into all 29 states are presented for all 835 final bound states and partial photoionization cross sections, σ PI ( g , nLS ) , for ionization into the ground 2 P 0 state of the core are presented for 685 states. While the n = 2 core excitations are at relatively lower energy range (within 15 Ry from the ionization threshold), the n = 3 excitations lie at considerably higher energy, 73 Ry and above, yet introduce resonant features and enhancements more prominent than those of n = 2 states. Larger numbers of resonances are formed due to Rydberg series of autoionizing states converging on to the 29 core states. However, most noticeable structures are formed in the excited state cross sections by the photoexcitation-of-core (PEC) resonances in the photon energy range of 73–82 Ry. All these high-energy features are absent in the currently available results. The present results should enable more accurate modeling of the emission spectrum of highly excited plasma from the optical to far-ultraviolet region.
iMAP: discovering complex semantic matches between database schemas

Creating semantic matches between disparate data sources is fundamental to numerous data sharing efforts. Manually creating matches is extremely tedious and error-prone. Hence many recent works have focused on automating the matching process. To date, however, virtually all of these works deal only with one-to-one (1-1) matches, such as address = location. They do not consider the important class of more complex matches, such as address = concat (city, state) and room-pric = room-rate*(1 + tax-rate).We describe the iMAP system which semi-automatically discovers both 1-1 and complex matches. iMAP reformulates schema matching as a search in an often very large or infinite match space. To search effectively, it employs a set of searchers, each discovering specific types of complex matches. To further improve matching accuracy, iMAP exploits a variety of domain knowledge, including past complex matches, domain integrity constraints, and overlap data. Finally, iMAP introduces a novel feature that generates explanation of predicted matches, to provide insights into the matching process and suggest actions to converge on correct matches quickly. We apply iMAP to several real-world domains to match relational tables, and show that it discovers both 1-1 and complex matches with high accuracy.
Hernandulcin: an intensely sweet compound discovered by review of ancient literature

Ancient Mexican botanical literature was systematically searched for new plant sources of intensely sweet substances. Lippia dulcis Trev., a sweet plant, emerged as a candidate for fractionation studies, and hernandulcin, a sesquiterpene, was isolated and judged by a human taste panel as more than 1000 times sweeter than sucrose. The structure of the sesquiterpene was determined spectroscopically and confirmed by chemical synthesis. Hernandulcin was nontoxic when administered orally to mice, and it did not induce bacterial mutation.
Pure ethiodized oil-based transcatheter ablative therapy in normal rabbit kidneys and kidneys inoculated with VX-2 carcinoma.

To evaluate the efficacy of ablation with selective arterial injection of pure ethiodized oil followed by arterial occlusion with 9:1 ethanol–Ethiodol mixture (EEM) and coil placement in normal rabbit kidneys and kidneys inoculated with VX-2 carcinoma. All experiments were conducted with Animal Care and Use Committee approval. In six rabbits (group 1), one kidney was embolized with pure Ethiodol until capillary stasis, followed by injection of 9:1 EEM until arterial stasis and then coil placement into the main renal artery. In 12 other rabbits, one kidney was inoculated with VX-2 tumor. Ethiodol and EEM embolization and coil placement followed 7 days later (group 2, n = 6) or 11–14 days later (group 3, n = 6). Kidneys were evaluated (angiography, computed tomography, macro- and microscopy) 7 days after treatment. Capillary stasis was achieved in groups 1, 2, and 3 with (mean ± standard deviation) 0.47 ± 0.03, 0.53 ± 0.02, and 0.56 ± 0.04 ml of pure Ethiodol, followed by 0.47 ± 0.05, 0.42 ± 0.03, and 0.38 ± 0.04 ml of EEM, respectively, which caused complete arterial occlusion in 17 of 18 kidneys. In group 1, all but one kidney showed at least 95% generalized coagulative necrosis. In group 2, all six kidneys exhibited 100% coagulative necrosis, with no viable tumor present. In group 3, 100% coagulative necrosis was present in all kidneys, with a small viable tumor in one. In the rabbit, selective arterial injection of pure Ethiodol can cause complete renal parenchyma and tumor ablation when it is followed by prompt, contiguous, and permanent occlusion of the arterial compartment.
Potential effects of flavonoids on the etiology of vascular disease

Data from animal and epidemiological studies suggest that dietary flavonoids protect against the development of vascular disease. Despite the focus of attention on the ability of flavonoids to act as antioxidants and to alter endothelial cell eicosanoid production, a vast number of other mechanisms exist through which flavonoids could function to inhibit the development of vascular disease in humans. Reviewed here are six other factors that can influence the development of vascular disease in humans and the potential impact of flavonoids on each: adhesion receptor expression, bacterial replication, carbohydrate-induced AGE (advanced glycation end product) formation, estrogenic effects, proteolytic enzymes, and viral replication. Reviewed data suggest that if the total plasma flavonoid load exceeds a few micromoles per liter in vivo, flavonoids will protect humans against vascular damage that results from the aforementioned causes.
In Situ Bioremediation of Uranium with Emulsified Vegetable Oil as the Electron Donor

A field test with a one-time emulsified vegetable oil (EVO) injection was conducted to assess the capacity of EVO to sustain uranium bioreduction in a high-permeability gravel layer with groundwater concentrations of (mM) U, 0.0055; Ca, 2.98; NO3–, 0.11; HCO3–, 5.07; and SO42–, 1.23. Comparison of bromide and EVO migration and distribution indicated that a majority of the injected EVO was retained in the subsurface from the injection wells to 50 m downgradient. Nitrate, uranium, and sulfate were sequentially removed from the groundwater within 1–2 weeks, accompanied by an increase in acetate, Mn, Fe, and methane concentrations. Due to the slow release and degradation of EVO with time, reducing conditions were sustained for approximately one year, and daily U discharge to a creek, located approximately 50 m from the injection wells, decreased by 80% within 100 days. Total U discharge was reduced by 50% over the one-year period. Reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) was confirmed by synchrotron analysis of recovered ...
Parallel numerical simulation of strategic bankruptcy

In this paper, we extend the strategic default bankruptcy model to predict risky premium on defaultable bonds in a more realistic economic environment. By considering interest rates, taxes and the voltality of business operations, the model becomes considerably complicated, which imposes significant challenges on the mathematical framework as well as the computation power required in simulating the stochastic process. Since it is hard to obtain a closed form analytical solution for the framework, numerical simulation is an alternative. We present a dynamic block allocation algorithm for parallel Quasi-Monte Carlo(QMC) simulation. The convergence speed of the model is also studied. Simulation results show that our model can be used to estimate risk and risk premium in financial economics.
Exploiting the deep web with DynaBot: matching, probing, and ranking

We present the design of Dynabot, a guided Deep Web discovery system. Dynabot's modular architecture supports focused crawling of the Deep Web with an emphasis on matching, probing, and ranking discovered sources using two key components: service class descriptions and source-biased analysis. We describe the overall architecture of Dynabot and discuss how these components support effective exploitation of the massive Deep Web data available.
STAGING PROCEDURES IN CUTANEOUS T CELL DISEASE

SUMMARY Autopsy studies have long shown a propensity for the extracutaneous dissemination in cutaneous T cell disease. More thorough staging procedures are now identifying extra-ctaneous disease even in patients with apparently limited disease. The use of standardized and accurate staging procedures should help formalate meaningful therapeutic protocols.
Phenotypic diversity of cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase gene variants observed after antiviral therapy

Background Cytomegalovirus UL54 DNA polymerase mutations observed in clinical specimens are of diagnostic significance if confirmed to affect antiviral drug susceptibility.
Pediatric Pain, Predictive Inference, and Sensitivity Analysis.

Pediatric Pain, Predictive Inference and Sensitivity Analysis ROBERT WEISS* Department of Biostatistics UCLA School of Public Health Los Angeles CA 90024-1772 U.S.A. rob@oahu.ph.ucla.edu August 4, 1994 Abstract The understanding, prevention and treatment of pain is of great im- portance to medical science. Children were asked to immerse their hands in cold water until they were unable to tolerate the pain of the cold. The length of time that they kept their hands immersed is a measure of pain tolerance. Two factors were studied; one factor is a child's Style of Coping (CS) with the pain (ATTENDERS pay attention to the pain, DISTRACTERS think of other things) and was assessed at a baseline trial. The other factor is Treatment (T), one of three counseling inter- ventions (a NULL intervention, counseling to ATTEND, or counseling to DISTRACT) and was randomly applied prior to the response. The co- variate is a baseline measure of pain tolerance prior to the intervention. Distracters taught to distract tolerated the pain much better than any other group. No strategy improved attenders pain tolerance. This paper analyzes this data from a predictive Bayesian viewpoint. The assumption of constant variance is not met on the original scale and some of the data is censored, furthermore, the censoring model is un- known. Simultaneous transformation of the response and baseline is used to search for a scale where the variance is constant. Predictive inference is used to provide interpretable inferences. A sensitivity analysis is used to determine whether the treatment of the censored data matter. Without the sensitivity analysis, we are left wondering whether the conclusions rest on a true underlying treatment effect or on cases of questionable quality. •This research was partially supported by NIH grants #MH 37188 and #GM50011. Thanks to Lonnie Zeltzer and Deb Fanurik for discussion, collaboration and data; to Roderick Little and Dick Berk and Will Thomas for comments. Part of this work was done while on sabbatical at the School of Statistics, University of Minnesota
Physiology of Environmental Adaptations and Resource Acquisition in Cockroaches

Cockroaches are a group of insects that evolved early in geological time. Because of their antiquity, they for the most part display generalized behavior and physiology and accordingly have frequently been used as model insects to examine physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved with water balance, nutrition, reproduction, genetics, and insecticide resistance. As a result, a considerable amount of information on these topics is available. However, there is much more to be learned by employing new protocols, microchemical analytical techniques, and molecular biology tools to explore many unanswered questions.
Do you need to smoke to get a break?: smoking status and missed work breaks among staff nurses.

Introduction The prevalence of missed work breaks by smoking status in healthcare settings is unknown. The work routines of nurses (Registered Nurses [RNs] and Licensed Practical Nurses [LPNs]), who smoke at higher rates than other health professionals, may be influenced by smokers who use breaks to avoid nicotine withdrawal. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between nurses' smoking status and work breaks and to explore the relationships among personal, professional, and workplace variables associated with missed work breaks. Methods A web-based survey of 2589 staff nurses from 34 hospitals was conducted in 2006. Each hospital had been designated as a Magnet hospital by the American Nurses Credentialing Center. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression. Results The majority (90%) were nonsmokers; 97% were RNs. Missed breaks were common (70%) and differed by smoking status: 59% of smokers and 72% of nonsmokers frequently missed work breaks. Multivariate logistic regression determined that nonsmokers (OR=1.81, 95% CI=1.36, 2.42), LPNs (OR=2.37, 95% CI=1.16, 4.84), older nurses (OR 1.02, 95% CI=1.01, 1.03), those in emergency rooms (OR=1.75, 95% CI=1.25, 2.47), and in intensive care units (OR=1.60, 95% CI=1.22, 2.09) were more likely to miss breaks. Conclusions Missed work breaks were common among nurses. Those who did not smoke were almost twice as likely to miss their work breaks as compared to smokers. Inequities in breaks, especially by smoking status, may cause dissension in the workplace and negatively affect patient care. Policies that support work breaks for all nurses are needed.
Machine Learning Approaches for Predicting Radiation Therapy Outcomes: A Clinician's Perspective

Radiation oncology has always been deeply rooted in modeling, from the early days of isoeffect curves to the contemporary Quantitative Analysis of Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic (QUANTEC) initiative. In recent years, medical modeling for both prognostic and therapeutic purposes has exploded thanks to increasing availability of electronic data and genomics. One promising direction that medical modeling is moving toward is adopting the same machine learning methods used by companies such as Google and Facebook to combat disease. Broadly defined, machine learning is a branch of computer science that deals with making predictions from complex data through statistical models. These methods serve to uncover patterns in data and are actively used in areas such as speech recognition, handwriting recognition, face recognition, "spam" filtering (junk email), and targeted advertising. Although multiple radiation oncology research groups have shown the value of applied machine learning (ML), clinical adoption has been slow due to the high barrier to understanding these complex models by clinicians. Here, we present a review of the use of ML to predict radiation therapy outcomes from the clinician's point of view with the hope that it lowers the "barrier to entry" for those without formal training in ML. We begin by describing 7 principles that one should consider when evaluating (or creating) an ML model in radiation oncology. We next introduce 3 popular ML methods--logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), and artificial neural network (ANN)--and critique 3 seminal papers in the context of these principles. Although current studies are in exploratory stages, the overall methodology has progressively matured, and the field is ready for larger-scale further investigation.
Recent Literature on Lichens—182*

AGUIRRE-HUDSON, B. 1998. [Review] A. Tehler. Syncesia (Arthoniales, Euascomycetidae). Flora Neotropica 74: 49 pp. New York Botanical Garden, New York. 1997. Bibliography of Systematic Mycology 10(8): xliv-xlv. AGUIRRE-HUDSON, B. 1999. [Review] M. G. Glenn et al. (eds.). Lichenographia Thomsoniana North American Lichenology in Honor of John W. Thomson. 445 pp. Mycotaxon, Ithaca, NY. 1998. Bibliography of Systematic Mycology 10(8): xl-xlii. AGUIRRE-HUDSON, B. 1999. [Review] O. Vitikainen et al. Checklist of Lichens and Allied Fungi of Finland. Norrlinia 6: 123 pp. Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki. 1997. Bibliography of Systematic Mycology 10(8): xliv-xlv. AGUIRRE-HUDSON, B. 2000. [Review] M. P. Marcelli & M. R. D. Seaward. Lichenology in Latin America. History, Current Knowledge and Application. 179 pp. Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Amental, Sao Paulo. 1998. Bibliography of Systematic Mycology 10(9): xliv-xlvi. AGUIRRE-HUDSON, B. 2000. [Review] M. P. Marcelli & T. Ahti. Recollecting Edvard August Vainio. 188 pp. Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 1998. Bibliography of Systematic Mycology 10(9): xlii-xliii. AGUIRRE-HUDSON, B. 2000. [Review] O. Gilbert. Lichens. New Naturalist 86: 288 pp. Harper Collins, London. 2000. Bibliography of Systematic Mycology 10(9): xxxviii–xxxix. AHTI, T. 1999. Biogeography, Pp. 7–8. In T. Ahti, P. M. Jorgensen, H. Kristinsson, R. Moberg, U. Sochting & G. Thor (eds.), Nordic Lichen Flora, Vol. 1. Introductory Parts. Calicioid Lichens and Fungi. Nordic Lichen Society, Uddevalla. AHTI, T. 1999. Lichen habitats, Pp. 5–6. In T. Ahti, P. M. Jorgensen, H. Kristinsson, R. Moberg, U. Sochting & G. Thor (eds.), Nordic Lichen Flora, Vol. 1. Introductory Parts. Calicioid Lichens and Fungi. Nordic Lichen Society, Uddevalla. AHTI, T., P. M. JoRGENSEN, H. KRISTINSSON, R. MOBERG, U. SoCHTING & G. THOR (EDS.). 1999. Nordic Lichen Flora, Vol. 1. Introductory Parts. Calicioid Lichens and Fungi. Nordic Lichen Society, Uddevalla. 94 pages. ALSTRUP, V., E. S. HANSEN & F. J. A. DANIELS. 2000. Lichenized, lichenicolous and other fungi from North and North East Greenland [Pohjaja Kirde-Groonimaa lihheniseerunud, lihhenikoolsed ja teised seened]. Folia Cryptogamica Estonica 37: 1–20. 4 fig. [Reports 410 taxa from 14 localities. New: Aspicilia bennettii (Lynge) Alstrup & E. S. Hansen comb. nov., A. expansa
Comprehensive Temporal Protein Dynamics during the Diauxic Shift in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has served as a key model system in biology and as a benchmark for "omics" technology. Although near-complete proteomes of log phase yeast have been measured, protein abundance in yeast is dynamic, particularly during the transition from log to stationary phase. Defining the dynamics of proteomic changes during this transition, termed the diauxic shift, is important to understand the basic biology of proliferative versus quiescent cells. Here, we perform temporal quantitative proteomics to fully capture protein induction and repression during the diauxic shift. Accurate and sensitive quantitation at a high temporal resolution and depth of proteome coverage was achieved using TMT10 reagents and LC-MS3 analysis on an Orbitrap Fusion tribrid mass spectrometer deploying synchronous precursor selection. Triplicate experiments were analyzed using the time-course R package and a simple template matching strategy was used to reveal groups of proteins with similar temporal patterns of protein induction and repression. Within these groups are functionally distinct types of proteins such as those of glyoxylate metabolism and many proteins of unknown function not previously associated with the diauxic shift (e.g. YNR034W-A and FMP16). We also perform a dual time-course experiment to determine Hap2-dependent proteins during the diauxic shift. These data serve as an important basic model for fermentative versus respiratory growth of yeast and other eukaryotes and are a benchmark for temporal quantitative proteomics.
Geographical Latent Variable Models for Microblog Retrieval

Although topic models designed for textual collections annotated with geographical meta-data have been previously shown to be effective at capturing vocabulary preferences of people living in different geographical regions, little is known about their utility for information retrieval in general or microblog retrieval in particular. In this work, we propose simple and scalable geographical latent variable generative models and a method to improve the accuracy of retrieval from collections of geo-tagged documents through document expansion that is based on the topics identified by the proposed models. In particular, we experimentally compare the retrieval effectiveness of four geographical latent variable models: two geographical variants of post-hoc LDA, latent variable model without hidden topics and a topic model that can separate background from geographically-specific topics. The experiments conducted on TREC microblog datasets demonstrate significant improvement in search accuracy of the proposed method over both the traditional probabilistic retrieval model and retrieval models utilizing geographical post-hoc variants of LDA.
Computer models and the evidence of anthropogenic climate change: An epistemology of variety-of-evidence inferences and robustness analysis

To study climate change, scientists employ computer models, which approximate target systems with various levels of skill. Given the imperfection of climate models, how do scientists use simulations to generate knowledge about the causes of observed climate change? Addressing a similar question in the context of biological modelling, Levins (1966) proposed an account grounded in robustness analysis. Recent philosophical discussions dispute the confirmatory power of robustness, raising the question of how the results of computer modelling studies contribute to the body of evidence supporting hypotheses about climate change. Expanding on Staley’s (2004) distinction between evidential strength and security, and Lloyd’s (2015) argument connecting variety-of-evidence inferences and robustness analysis, I address this question with respect to recent challenges to the epistemology robustness analysis. Applying this epistemology to case studies of climate change, I argue that, despite imperfections in climate models, and epistemic constraints on variety-of-evidence reasoning and robustness analysis, this framework accounts for the strength and security of evidence supporting climatological inferences, including the finding that global warming is occurring and its primary causes are anthropogenic.
Prediction of Heat Transfer Rates in Shear Flows With Streamline Curvature

Gradient–transport models for the turbulent scalar fluxes have proved to be deficient in a number of important practical flows, especially in those where the effects of body forces and extra rates of strain are significant. There are numerous examples in this respect, most notably in the prediction of the heat transfer rates in flows where the effects of stabilizing streamline curvature are sufficiently strong to completely extinguish turbulent mixing. The cause of the problem appears to be in the omission from these models of an explicit dependence of these fluxes on the mean strain field — a dependence that is required by the exact equations that govern the evolution of the turbulent scalar fluxes. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the incorporation of such dependence in an algebraic model for the turbulent scalar fluxes is on its own sufficient to capture the main effects of streamline curvature. The model used here is an explicit, non–linear model that was developed in collaboration with the late Professor Speziale (Younis, Speziale & Clark, 1996). It is first validated in this paper by comparisons with data from one– and two–dimiensional heated free shear flows and is then used to predict the main features of a heated homogeneous shear layer in local equilibrium. Comparisons made with experimental data and with other models demonstrate the validity of the present approach.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Irregular heart rate: A six-article symposium

AMA Category 1 credit (2 hr), MFP Prescribed credit (1 hr), and AOA Category 28 credit (1 hr) may be obtained by reading the article beginning on page 156 and submitting the related quiz. The other articles in this group are followed by self-assessment questions.
The Akt/mTOR pathway: Data comparing young and aged mice with leucine supplementation at the onset of skeletal muscle regeneration.

The data described herein is related to the article “Differential Effects of Leucine Supplementation in Young and Aged Mice at the Onset of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration” [1]. Aging is associated with a decreased ability of skeletal muscle to regenerate following injury. Leucine supplementation has been extensively shown, in young subjects, to promote protein synthesis during regeneration; however, the effects of leucine supplementation on the Akt/mTOR pathway in aged mice at the onset of muscle regeneration are not fully elucidated. In this article, we present data on the Akt/mTOR protein synthesis pathway at the onset of muscle regeneration in young and aged C57BL/6J mice that are and are not receiving leucine supplementation. More specifically, protein content of total Akt, mTOR, p70S6K and 4EBP-1 are presented. Additionally, we provide relative (phosphorylated:total) protein content comparisons of these targets as they present themselves in young and aged mice who have neither been injured nor received leucine supplementation. Lastly, markers of atrophy (FoxO1/O3, MuRF-1, Atrogin-1) are also reported in these young and aged control groups.
Ultraintense Lasers and their Applications

Today laser optics stands on the threshold of a new frontier of unprecedented optical field strengths with single-cycle pulse durations. Traditional optics concerns physical phenomena in the eV regime. The new frontier will address GeV energy scales. In the last decade, lasers have undergone orders-of-magnitude jumps in peak power, with the invention of the technique of chirped pulse amplification (CPA) and refinement of femtosecond techniques. Modern CPA lasers can produce intensities greater than 1021 W/cm2, one million times greater than previously possible. Above 1018W/cm2, an electron oscillating in the optical frequency laser field has a peak velocity approaching the speed of light, c. and the laser field exceeds many TV/m, fields greater than any other technology can muster. Under these conditions, relativistic nonlinearities emerge. The relativistic intensity regime is rich in novel physical effects, including acceleration of electrons and ions to multi-MeV energies, vacuum heating at surfaces, relativistic harmonic generation from free electrons, relativistic self-focusing and transparency. These ultra-intense lasers give researchers a tool to produce unprecedented pressures —Tbars, magnetic fields-Gigagauss-, temperatures — 1010 K- and accelerations- 1025g-with applications to fusion energy, nuclear physics, high energy physics, astrophysics and cosmology
OXIDATION OF OXYHEMOGLOBIN BY REDUCTANTS

Human oxyhemoglobin is converted to methemoglobin by a wide array of organic and inorganic reductants. Depending upon the concentration and nature of the reductant, varying amounts of deoxyhemoglobin are produced. The general overall sequence observed is: FeO 2 Fe III Fe II . The intermediacy of methemoglobin can be demonstrated by direct spectral observation and by cyanide trapping. Rates for these processes have been ascertained with recrystallized protein, lysed cells and intact human erythrocytes. The present work emphasizes the reactions of sodium dithionite with oxyhemoglobin and oxymyoglobin.
Trace, Norm, and Bit-Serial Multiplication

In this chapter we will study traces and norms, which are very useful analytic tools in finite fields. Traces and norms can be computed in any field, finite or not; for example in the field of complex numbers the trace of z equals twice the real part of z, and the norm of z equals the square of the absolute value of z. In finite fields, however, the definition is subtler and the results more useful.
Factors Influencing the Development of Rangeland Fire Protection Associations: Exploring Fire Mitigation Programs for Rural, Resource-Based Communities

ABSTRACTIncreases in wildfire frequency and extent in rangelands pose a growing threat to private property and ecosystem health. The state of Idaho, USA, recently promoted rangeland fire protection associations (RFPAs)—nonprofit organizations of local citizens who contribute to firefighting efforts on public rangelands—as one way to mitigate rangeland wildfire risk. This study used in-depth interviews with RFPA members and land management professionals to explore the local circumstances that influenced the establishment and functioning of one RFPA. Results indicate that intergenerational ties to “working the land,” existing reciprocity among neighbors, a culture of self-reliance, and informal social networks all contributed to RFPA formation and functioning. Interaction between RFPA members and professionals improved their relationships and promoted shared understandings about wildfire response. We conclude by discussing conditions that might enable or inhibit RFPAs in other areas and how our findings adv...
Live‐Cell Imaging of Meiotic Spindle and Chromosome Dynamics in Maize (Zea mays)

Live-cell imaging is a powerful tool that allows investigators to directly observe the dynamics of cellular processes. Live imaging has proven particularly useful in studying mitotic and meiotic chromosome segregation, where the assembly of spindles and movement of chromosomes can be quantified in ways not possible with fixed cells. This protocol describes how to image live meiosis in the agriculturally important plant, maize. The creation of fluorescently tagged tubulin allows visualization of maize spindles, and nucleic acid dyestain chromosomes. This protocol describes all steps required for live imaging, including how to grow plants, screen for relevant genotypes, harvest meiotic cells, and collect live movies of meiosis. While this protocol was developed for imaging fluorescently tagged tubulin, it can be easily modified to observe the meiotic dynamics of any fluorescently labeled protein of interest. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sext-ual healing: application of the couple and family technology framework to cases of sexual dysfunction

The field of couple and family therapy has delineated ways in which technology affects couple and family systems. In general, we have proposed that technology affects both the structure and process...
Epigenetic Modulation of Human Neurobiological Disorders

Abstract Epigenetic regulation is essential for normal development and maintenance of tissue-specific gene expression pattern in mammals. Up to now, three main interrelated types of epigenetic inheritance have been studied more thoroughly, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and RNA-associated silencing, yet much remains to be revealed. Disruption of epigenetic regulation process can lead to inappropriate expression or silencing of genes, resulting in “epigenetic diseases.” In particular, because of the complex structure of the nervous system, many neurobiological disorders have an epigenetic component or involve epigenetically regulated genes. Here, the author discusses current knowledge about this matter including some current epigenetic therapies and future directions in the field.
Counseling Older Adults with Dementia: A Survey of Therapists in Massachusetts

Although much has been written about therapeutic interventions with caregivers, little is known about the counseling services that are available for victims of dementia. The present study was designed to explore community mental health center (CMHC) services and therapists' experiences in providing psychotherapy to this population in Massachusetts. Only 27 of the 36 CMHCs in the state reported providing mental health services to older adults with a dementing illness. A survey of therapists who specialized in working with older adults found that the percentage of older adult clients estimated to have dementia averaged about half of their caseload. Older persons in the early phase of a dementing illness were most frequently referred for depression and anxiety, whereas those with moderate decline were most frequently referred for management of disruptive behavior. The most common services provided to clients with dementia consisted of assessment and individual counseling. The latter finding indicates a discrepancy between what is practiced and the professional literature. Most of the psychotherapy described in the literature concerns group interventions, which were rarely provided by the mental health centers in Massachusetts. The centers tended to offer individual counseling; however, little information on how to provide this form of treatment can be found.
Immediate management of inadvertent dural puncture during insertion of a labour epidural: a survey of Australian obstetric anaesthetists.

Immediate management of inadvertent dural puncture during insertion of an epidural needle during labour is controversial and evidence to guide clinical practice is limited. We surveyed Australian o...
Multiprotein Complex With TRPC (Transient Receptor Potential-Canonical) Channel, PDE1C (Phosphodiesterase 1C), and A2R (Adenosine A2 Receptor) Plays a Critical Role in Regulating Cardiomyocyte cAMP and Survival.

Background: cAMP plays a critical role in regulating cardiomyocyte survival. Various cAMP signaling pathways behave distinctly or in opposition. We have previously reported that activation of cAMP ...
Materials selection investigation for thin film photovoltaic module encapsulation

Abstract Encapsulation of thin film Photovoltaic (PV) modules is critical from a long term reliability and durability perspective. Currently, the methods and materials used for encapsulation of thin film PV modules are similar to those applied to crystalline silicon technology. By performing a broad-based material selection methodology to investigate materials and processes suitable for encapsulation of thin film PV modules, there exists opportunities to decrease the cost of the module fabrication and improve reliability simultaneously. In this work, functionality of components and constraints for edge seal and interlayer laminate were evaluated. The property charts were graphically mapped and the materials were screened in CES selector software with the plastic data series package. The fabrication processes for the selected material were also assessed using the software.
Postanesthetic effects of two durations of isoflurane anesthesia in African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris)

ABSTRACT Background: African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) are popular companion animals that require chemical immobilization to facilitate examination. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of isoflurane anesthetic duration on recovery time, food intake, and body weight following anesthesia in African pygmy hedgehogs. Methods: Eight healthy, adult hedgehogs (4 male, 4 female) were used in this randomized, blinded, complete cross-over study. Two different isoflurane anesthetic durations of 15 minutes (ISO15) and 45 minutes (ISO45) were evaluated with a 2-week wash-out period between treatments. Physiologic parameters, reflexes, and behaviors were monitored to assess anesthesia quality. Food intake (grams of food per kg of body weight) and body weight were measured both before and after anesthesia to assess postsedation effects. Result: There was no statistically significant difference in body weight between or within treatments following the anesthetic events. A decrease in postanesthetic food intake from baseline values was noted with both treatments (ISO15: −16% [−40% to 167%]); (ISO45: −13% [−38% to 43%]), but these fluctuations were not statistically significant between or within treatments. The total amount of food consumed per hedgehog over the 6 days following anesthesia was 99 ± 23 g/kg (ISO15) and 108 ± 28 g/kg (ISO45, P = 0.15). Conclusions and clinical relevance: Differences in duration of isoflurane anesthesia of either 15 or 45 minutes does not have a clinically relevant effect on recovery time or postanesthetic food intake in hedgehogs.