cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gustav Shpet’s Implicit Phenomenological Idealism

The issue of whether the phenomenology presented in Ideen I was a metaphysical realism or an idealism came to the fore almost immediately upon its publication. The present essay is an examination of the relation of Gustav Shpet, one of Husserl’s students from the Gottingen years, to this issue via his understanding of phenomenology and, particularly, of the phenomenological reduction, as shown principally in his early published writings. For Shpet, phenomenology employs essential intuition without regard to experiential intuition. If we look on transcendental idealism as the label for this methodology, which disregards but does not deny either the empirical or its correlative species of intuition, then Shpet was such an idealist, all the while adhering to a metaphysical realism. In this way, Shpet could proclaim phenomenology to be the fundamental philosophical discipline without precluding the possibility of other philosophical disciplines insofar as they were conducted in relation to consciousness taken not as the “possession” of a human individual, but eidetically and thus not a “possession.”
ISSR Techniques for Evolutionary Biology

Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were originally devised for differentiating among closely related plant cultivars but have become extremely useful for studies of natural populations of plants, fungi, insects, and vertebrates. The markers are easily generated using minimal equipment and are hypervariable, yielding a large amount of data for a reasonable cost to the researcher. The methods for Miniprep DNA extraction and cleanup, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, optimization, data gathering and scoring, and data analyses are outlined.
Acute pancreatitis. Medical management

The medical therapy of acute pancreatitis remains supportive. Trials of multiple agents to moderate the course of pancreatitis have not been successful. The ability to manage pancreatic infections has been improved markedly by the use of CT-directed aspiration. New treatments that hold promise include the use of empiric antibiotics in severe pancreatitis, the removal of impacted bile duct stones, and possibly, long-term peritoneal lavage.
Design of Built-In Tests for Robust Active Fault Detection and Isolation of Discrete Faults in Uncertain Systems

This work deals with the design of health maintenance tests for systems operating under uncertainty. Faults masked by uncertainty or uncertainty interpreted as a system fault often lead to subsequent safety and performance complications instantiated as false alarms, no fault founds, and non-detections. Here, a model-based active fault detection and isolation algorithm is employed in the form of a semi-infinite, worst-case scenario design program. The objective of this program is to maximize the fault detection and isolation capability at the worst-case realization of uncertainty, by manipulating the admissible system inputs. Fault detection and isolation are improved by increasing the distance between sensed outputs of the fault-free and faulty systems. The proposed method is demonstrated with application to the benchmark three-tank system with uncertain pipe flow coefficients, along with a faulty pump actuator and an unknown tank leak. The corresponding optimization problem is solved locally and globally using different worst-case design algorithms.
Metabolic Flux Hierarchy Prioritizes the Entner-Doudoroff Pathway for Carbohydrate Co-Utilization in Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5

ABSTRACT The genetic characterization of Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 was recently completed. However, the inferred metabolic network structure has not yet been evaluated experimentally. Here we employed 13C-tracers and quantitative flux analysis to investigate the intracellular network for carbohydrate metabolism. Similar to other Pseudomonas species, P. protegens Pf-5 relied primarily on the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway to connect initial glucose catabolism to downstream metabolic pathways. Flux quantitation determined that, in lieu of the direct phosphorylation of glucose by glucose kinase, phosphorylation of oxidized products of glucose (gluconate and 2-ketogluconate) towards the ED pathway accounted for over 90% of consumed glucose and greater than 35% of consumed glucose was secreted as gluconate and 2-ketogluconate. Consistent with the lack of annotated pathways for the initial catabolism of pentoses and galactose in P. protegens Pf-5, only glucose was assimilated into intracellular metabolites in the presence of xylose, arabinose, or galactose. However, when glucose was fed simultaneously with fructose or mannose, co-uptake of the hexoses was evident but glucose was preferred over fructose (3 to 1) and over mannose (4 to 1). Despite gene annotation of mannose catabolism toward fructose 6-phosphate, metabolite labeling patterns revealed that mannose-derived carbons specifically entered central carbon metabolism via fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, similarly to fructose catabolism. Remarkably, carbons from mannose and fructose were found to cycle backward through the upper Emden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway to feed into the ED pathway. Therefore, the operational metabolic network for processing carbohydrates in P. protegens Pf-5 prioritizes flux through the ED pathway to channel carbons to downstream metabolic pathways. IMPORTANCE Species of the Pseudomonas genus thrive in various nutritional environments and have strong biocatalytic potential due to their diverse metabolic capabilities. Carbohydrate substrates are ubiquitous both in environmental matrices and in feedstocks for engineered bioconversion. Here we investigated the metabolic network for carbohydrate metabolism in P. protegens Pf-5. Metabolic flux quantitation revealed the relative involvement of different catabolic routes in channeling carbohydrate carbons through the network. We also uncovered that mannose catabolism was similar to fructose catabolism, despite the gene annotation of two different pathways in the genome. Elucidation of the constitutive metabolic network in P. protegens is important for understanding its innate carbohydrate processing, thus laying the foundation for targeting metabolic engineering of this untapped Pseudomonas species.
Reflections on subprime governance

Claudine Gartenberg and Lamar Pierce were recognized as a runner up for the 2018 Ralph Gomory Best Industry Studies Paper Award.
CRLB based mode selection and enhanced DOA estimation for multifunctional reconfigurable arrays

Abstract Multifunctional reconfigurable antennas (MRA) with dynamically reconfigurable radiation patterns when used in arrays leads to diverse structures with various radiation and polarization patterns. This variety and degree of freedom in selection of modes for each MRA is exploited for enhanced direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. This paper shows that the Cramer Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) for DOA estimation for an MRA array is highly dependent on the reconfigurable modes of each MRA element and proposes a new computationally effective technique for selection of each antenna mode in an array that minimizes the CRLB. Results show that the MRA array with the proposed mode selection has lower CRLB levels compared to uniform pattern arrays or diverse arrays with random mode selections, hence allowing enhanced estimation of the target DOAs. Furthermore, a multiple signal classification (MUSIC) based DOA and polarization estimation technique suitable for MRAA is proposed and it is shown that the minimized CRLB levels can be achieved by the proposed technique. Further analysis on tracking and surveillance shows the advantages of the proposed technique and the MRA array.
Li Penetration in Ceramic Solid Electrolytes: Operando Microscopy Analysis of Morphology, Propagation, and Reversibility

Summary Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) have attracted substantial attention for next-generation Li-metal batteries, but Li-filament propagation at high current densities remains a significant challenge. This study probes the coupled electrochemical-morphological-mechanical evolution of Li-metal-Li7La3Zr2O12 interfaces. Quantitative analysis of synchronized electrochemistry with operando video microscopy reveals new insights into the nature of Li propagation in SSEs. Several different filament morphologies are identified, demonstrating that a singular mechanism is insufficient to describe the complexity of Li propagation pathways. The dynamic evolution of the structures is characterized, which demonstrates the relationships between current density and propagation velocity, as well as reversibility of plated Li before short-circuit occurs. Under deep discharge, void formation and dewetting are directly observed, which are directly related to evolving overpotentials during stripping. Finally, similar Li penetration behavior is observed in glassy Li3PS4, demonstrating the relevance of the new insights to SSEs more generally.
Do peer social relationships mediate the harmful effects of a housing mobility experiment on boys' risky behaviors?

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to understand why a housing mobility experiment caused harmful effects on adolescent boys' risky behaviors. Methods Moving to Opportunity (MTO) (1994–2010) randomly assigned volunteer families to a treatment group receiving a Section 8 rental voucher or a public housing control group. Our outcome was a global risky behavior index (RBI; measured in 2002, n = 750 boys) measuring the fraction of 10 items the youth engaged in, 6 measuring past 30-day substance use and 4 measuring recent risky sexual behavior. Potential mediators (measured in 2002) included peer social relationships (e.g., peer drug use, peer gang membership). Results The voucher treatment main effect on boys' RBI was harmful (B (SE) = 0.05 (0.02), 95% CI 0.01, 0.08), and treatment marginally increased having friends who used drugs compared to controls (B (SE) = 0.67 (0.23), 95% CI 0.22, 1.12). Having friends who used drugs marginally mediated the MTO treatment effect on RBI (indirect effect: B (SE) = 0.02(.01), 95% CI −0.002, 0.04), reducing the total treatment effect by 39%. Conclusions Incorporating additional supports into housing voucher programs may help support teenage boys who experience disruptions to their social networks, to buffer potential adverse consequences of residential mobility.
Numerical study on DPM dispersion and distribution in an underground development face based on dynamic mesh

Abstract In 2012, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified diesel particulate matter (DPM) as a carcinogen to human. With the increased usage of diesel equipment in underground mines, miners have a high risk of over-exposure to DPM, which has drawn many concerns from the public. This study used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyse the DPM dispersion and concentration distribution characteristics in an underground development face based on an onsite experiment. The DPM emitted from a moving loader under a forcing auxiliary ventilation system was simulated. The motion of the load-haul-dump (LHD) in the tunnel was represented by a dynamic mesh method. The species transport approach was applied to study the DPM behaviours. High DPM concentration zones were then identified based on the simulation results. The results could provide guidelines for work practices and be helpful to an optimum auxiliary ventilation design to reduce underground miner exposure.
Low testosterone is associated with dysregulated eating symptoms in young adult men.

Objective Extant animal and human data indicate that natural variation in circulating levels of testosterone may contribute to differential risk for dysregulated eating among males. Indeed, testosterone ablation in postpubertal male rodents results in stimulatory effects on sweet-taste preferences, and lower levels of circulating testosterone in adolescent boys have been found to predict dysregulated eating symptoms during mid-to-late puberty. Nonetheless, no prior study has examined whether lower testosterone is associated with dysregulated eating in adulthood. The current study examined this possibility. Method Participants were 154 young adult men (ages = 18-33) from a large Southwestern University. The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory, and Loss of Control Over Eating Scale were used to assess three types of dysregulated eating symptoms: eating concerns, binge eating, and loss-of-control eating. Afternoon saliva samples were assayed for testosterone using high-sensitive enzyme immunoassays. Results Consistent with animal data and prior research in adolescent boys, men with lower testosterone reported significantly higher levels of dysregulated eating symptoms even after controlling for depressive symptoms, body mass index, and age. Discussion Lower testosterone concentrations might serve as a sex-specific biological factor that contributes to dysregulated eating among men.
Elucidating Large-Scale Atmospheric Controls on Bering Strait Throughflow Variability Using a Data-Constrained Ocean Model and Its Adjoint

A regional data-constrained coupled ocean-sea ice general circulation model and its adjoint are used to investigate mechanisms controlling the volume transport variability through Bering Strait dur...
Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome and Dermatomyositis With Anti-TIF1-gamma Autoantibody: A Unique Association of Autoimmune Neuromuscular Conditions Without Malignancy.

ABSTRACT Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is a presynaptic neuromuscular junction disorder, and dermatomyositis (DM) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. LEMS and DM are uncommon conditions that can present similarly and are often associated with autoantibodies. Concomitant LEMS and DM have only been reported a few times, and most of those cases were paraneoplastic. We present the first reported case of a patient with antivoltage gated calcium channel antibody positive LEMS who subsequently developed DM with antitranscription intermediary factor 1-gamma (anti-TIF1-γ) antibodies. Interestingly, both conditions occurred without evidence of malignancy. This diagnosis of LEMS and DM with characteristic clinical, electrodiagnostic, and histopathological evidence led to a beneficial modification of the patient's therapeutic regimen. Due to the fact that overlapping concurrent neuromuscular conditions are rare, a high clinical suspicion is needed to identify, evaluate (including appropriate cancer screenings), and appropriately treat these patients.
Single-shot measurement of the nonlinear refractive index of air at 9.2 µm with a picosecond terawatt CO 2 laser

We developed a simple, accurate single-shot method to determine the nonlinear refractive index of air by measuring the evolution of the spatial shape of a laser beam propagating through the atmosphere. A distinctive feature of this new method, which relies on a modified Fresnel propagation model for data analysis, is the use of a hard aperture for producing a well-defined, high-quality beam from a comparatively non-uniform quasi-flat-top beam, which is typical for high-peak-power lasers. The nonlinear refractive index of air for a very short (2 ps) long-wave infrared (LWIR) laser pulse was measured for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, yielding n2=3.0×10−23m2/W at 9.2 µm. This result is 40% lower than a corresponding measurement with longer (200 ps) LWIR pulses at a similar wavelength.
Effect of redistributing windrowed topsoil on growth and development of ponderosa pine plantations

Abstract Windrowing site preparation often displaces significant amounts of topsoil including nutrients and carbon into the strip-piles. Although short-term growth may increase due to the early control of competing vegetation, this practice can reduce long-term plantation productivity. Here, we report an experiment established in 1989 in a 28-year-old ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa ) plantation to determine if redistributing topsoil, along with several shrub control measures, have influenced soil fertility and tree growth. Five treatments from a partial factorial design with three levels of shrub treatment and two levels of soil manipulation were applied in each of five blocks and consisted of: Control (C, do nothing); understory hydroaxed (masticated) to chips and left in the plot (H); windrows redistributed over brush (S); understory hydroaxed and windrows redistributed over chips (SH); and understory manually removed off-site and windrows redistributed (SM). Over the next 21 year period total windrowed topsoil volume and mass were determined, soil nutrient concentrations in and between windrows including soil mineralizable N, total N and C were determined, understory biomass measured, tree diameter, basal area, and volume measured in 1989, 1994, 2005 and 2010, and nitrogen concentration of tree foliage was measured in 1989, 1991 and 1994. Results showed that about 18 cm of topsoil had been displaced into windrows, including 1.98 (±0.13) Mg N ha −1 and 41.04 (±2.46) Mg carbon ha −1 . In general, redistributing windrowed topsoil (S, SH, and SM) yielded a consistently positive effect on quadratic mean diameter, basal area (BA), and volume compared to C and H. No difference in growth was found between SH and SM. These results were supported by higher soil nitrogen and mineralizable nitrogen contents in the three topsoil redistribution treatments. Higher foliage nitrogen concentrations in the redistribution treatments further supported these higher tree growth rates. The positive effects of shrub removal were evidenced only on the treatments without topsoil redistribution (C versus H); the difference in BA and volume between C and H was only significant in 1994. Redistributing topsoil reduced woody plant biomass but significantly enhanced herbaceous biomass six years after treatment. This shows that windrowing site preparation reduces plantation growth and stand development through displacement of topsoil and its nutrients. These negative effects can be mitigated by carefully redistributing windrowed topsoil, even in an established plantation.
Introduction to Integrative Weight Management

Obesity has become a global pandemic with over one billion people world-wide are presently overweigh and/ or obese which surpasses malnutrition as the world’s most serious health problem. The number of Americans who are overweight and/or obese has doubled in adults and more than tripled in children and adolescents. Two-thirds of adults and one-third of children in the United States are overweight and obese. In June 2013, the American Medical Association (AMA) declared obesity a disease. Weight management is a branch of medicine that helps individuals achieve and maintain a healthy body weight. Integrative medicine embraces all evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), conventional and traditional treatment modalities. Integrative Weight Management offer practitioners a weight management textbook that integrates the evidence about CAM-based therapies along with conventional and traditional weight management methods. This first chapter provides an overview of the entire book to assist the reader.
Input separability in living liquid state machines

To further understand computation in living neuronal networks (LNNs) and improve artificial neural networks (NNs), we seek to create ahybrid liquid state machine (LSM) that relies on an LNN for the reservoir.This study embarks on a crucial first step, establishing effective methods for findinglarge numbers of separable input stimulation patternsin LNNs. The separation property is essential forinformation transfer to LSMs and therefore necessary for computation in our hybrid system. In order to successfully transfer information to the reservoir, it must be encoded into stimuli that reliably evoke separable responses. Candidate spatio-temporal patterns are delivered to LNNs via microelectrode arrays (MEAs), and the separability of their corresponding responses is assessed. Support vector machine (SVM)classifiers assess separability and a genetic algorithm-based method identifiessubsets of maximally separable patterns. The tradeoff between symbol set sizeand separabilityis evaluated.
Abstract T P206: Mkp-1 Inhibition Increases Stroke Injury via JNK Pathway Activation

Background: MKP-1, a negative modulator of several MAP kinases including JNK and p38, is a critical regulator of inflammation and apoptosis in the CNS. Inhibition of MKP-1 worsens stroke outcome in mice, suggesting that MKP-1 is an endogenous protective molecule, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we investigated the downstream mediators of MKP-1’s effects in stroke. Methods: Stroke was induced by 60 min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in male mice. Levels of p-JNK and p-p38 in MKP-1 KO mice and WT littermates 6 hours after stroke were assessed by Western blots. In a second cohort, the selective JNK inhibitor (SP600125) was administered intraperitoneally to both MKP-1 KO and WT mice 30 min before stroke then infarcts were analyzed at 72 hours post ischemia. In a third cohort, WT mice were intraperitoneally administrated the inhibitor or vehicle 30 min before stroke and sacrificed at 6 hours for protein analysis. Results: MKP-1 deletion produced significantly higher levels of p-JNK 6 hours after stroke (0.71±0.12 WT vs. 1.32± 0.14 KO, p 0.05, n=3 p/g). There was no additive deleterious effects of pharmacological JNK inhibition in MKP-1 KO mice as measured by infarcts at 72 hours (cortex: 25.84±2.44%WT vs. 22.32±1.91%KO, striatum: 33.10±3.61% WT vs. 26.52±1.92% KO, total: 27.85±2.95% WT vs. 26.75±1.61% KO, p>0.05, n=6 p/g). In WT mice, JNK inhibition significantly decreased p-JNK (0.99 ± 0.14 vehicle vs. 0.44 ± 0.13 drug, p 0.05, n=3 p/g). Conclusions: JNK is an important downstream mediator of MKP-1’s effects in stroke. In the ischemic brain, activating MKP-1 may restrain JNK activity, thereby producing neuroprotective effects.
Cross-regulation between G-protein-mediated pathways. Stimulation of adenylyl cyclase increases expression of the inhibitory G-protein, Gi alpha 2.

Abstract The hormone-sensitive adenylyl cyclase system is under dual control, receiving both stimulatory and inhibitory inputs. Guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G-proteins) transduce signals from cell surface receptors to effectors such as adenylyl cyclase. Hormonal stimulation is propagated via Gs, inhibition by Gi. Persistent (24-h) activation of the stimulatory pathway of adenylyl cyclase by the diterpene forskolin or the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol in S49 mouse lymphoma cells enhanced the effects of somatostatin mediated via the inhibitory pathway of adenylyl cyclase. Stimulating cells with forskolin or isoproterenol for 24 h resulted in a 3-fold increase in the steady-state levels of Gi alpha 2 and a 25% decline in Gs alpha, as quantified by immunoblotting. Within 12 h of stimulation of adenylyl cyclase, Gi alpha 2 mRNA levels increased 4-fold, measured by DNA-excess solution hybridization. Gs alpha mRNA levels, in contrast, increased initially (25%), but then declined to 75% of control. In S49 variants that lack functional protein kinase A (kin-), stimulation by isoproterenol failed to alter Gi alpha 2 expression at either the protein or the mRNA levels. A 3-fold increase in relative synthesis rate and no change in the half-life (approximately 80 h) of Gi alpha 2 was observed in response to forskolin stimulation. Although Gs alpha synthesis increased (70%) modestly in response to forskolin stimulation, the half-life of Gs alpha actually decreased from 55 h in naive cells to 34 h in treated cells. Thus, the two G-protein-mediated pathways controlling adenylyl cyclase display "cross-regulation." Persistent activation of the stimulatory pathway increases Gi alpha 2 mRNA and expression. Transiently elevated Gs alpha mRNA levels are counterbalanced by a reduction in the half-life of the protein.
Business Aggression, Institutional Loans, and Credit Crisis: Evidence from Lending Practices in Leveraged Buyouts

This paper investigates the lending practices related to leverage buyouts (LBOs) market between high and low write-down institutions. The write-downs, which are a proxy for business aggression of institutions, are mainly related to credit crisis from the beginning of 2007 to August 10, 2008. We find that high (low) write-down institutions increase (decrease) loan market share dramatically during the period of 2001-2006. The increase is mainly driven by the segment of loans sold to institutional investors, such as collateralized loan obligations vehicle, hedge fund, and insurance companies. Institutional loans originated by high write-down institutions carry significantly fewer covenants and higher interest spread than those by low write-down institutions during 2001-2006. However, there are no such differences during 1995-2000. The aggressive lending practice by high write-down institutions to lower quality borrowers during 2001-2006 appeared to be mitigated by reputable private equity (PE) investors. High write-down institutions arranged loans with more covenants and lower interest spread for borrowers with investments from more reputable private equity investors. We contribute to extant literature in the area of financial crisis by providing empirical evidence that both business aggression of some institutions and the increase demand for institutional loans drive the peculiar lending practice during the easy credit period, which subsequently leads to declines in values of assets associated with these loans. Our focus on the role of PE reputation in mitigating aggressive lending practice complements recent studies in the area of LBO loans market and PE reputation, such as Demiroglu and James (2008) and Ivashina and Kovner (2008). The findings of demand pressure (credit supply) from institutional loans add to the analyses of Ivashina and Sun (2008) and Wang (2008). We provide additional evidence that such increase in institutional loans demand is filled by some aggressive financial institutions, which ex post incur high write-downs during the credit crisis. Many such institutions pay horrendous prices for their business aggression and have ceased to exist in the market.
In vitro fermentation of cellulose, beet pulp, citrus pulp, and citrus pectin using fecal inoculum from cats, dogs, horses, humans, and pigs and ruminal fluid from cattle

We evaluated the influence of gastrointestinal tract microflora from several species on fiber fermentation characteristics in vitro. Selected fibrous substrates (cellulose, beet pulp, citrus pulp, and citrus pectin) were incubated for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h with ruminal fluid from cattle or feces from dogs, cats, pigs, horses, or humans. When data were pooled across all substrates and fermentation times, OM disappearance (29.4%) and acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production (1.09, .41, .12, and 1.61 mmol/g of OM, respectively) were lowest (P < .05), and lactate production (.23 mmol/g of OM) was greatest (P < .05) for horse fecal microflora compared with samples from the other species. The greatest (P < .05) acetate production resulted when substrates were fermented by cat fecal microflora (2.38 mmol/g of OM). The greatest (P < .05) propionate productions resulted from pig fecal and cattle ruminal microflora (.88 and .83 mmol/g of OM, respectively), and the greatest (P < .05) butyrate productions resulted from human and pig fecal microflora (.39 and .40 mmol/g of OM, respectively). Total SCFA production was greatest (P < .05) for cat fecal microflora (3.38 mmol/g of OM). When data were pooled across the species, substrate OM disappearance and SCFA production ranked from least to greatest in the following order: cellulose < beet pulp < citrus pulp < citrus pectin. The fermentability of different fibrous substrates by fecal or ruminal microflora from various species seems to be dependent not only on the fermentative activity of the microbial population but on other factors as well, perhaps lag time and rate of digesta passage.
Structured covariance matrices and dimensionality reduction in array processing

Data are often passed through rectangular matrix transformations in adaptive beamforming and direction-of-arrival estimation to reduce data dimension and lower computational load. The authors show that the transformation defines a structured model for the full dimension data covariance matrix. Signal processing applied to the reduced dimension data is equivalent to processing the original data while constraining the covariance matrix to have the specified structure. A procedure is given for designing the structure of the covariance matrix to minimize the average error between the true covariance and the structured model. Simulations indicate that this design procedure is very effective and that improved resolution can be obtained with reduced-dimension direction-of-arrival estimates. >
The Velocity of Sound in Liquid Helium near the λ Point

A method of calculating the temperature dependence of u/sub 0/ (the velocity of sound in thc low-frequency limit) near the Svlvania Electr point is described. The calculation is based on the idea that near a second-order phase transition the entropy and volume surfaces, considered as functions of p and T, are cylindrical sections whose generators are parallel to the transition line. (W.D.M.)
Altimeter-derived surface circulation in the large-scale NE Pacific Gyres. Part 2: 1997-1998 El Nino anomalies

Abstract Changes in the sea surface heights (SSH) and geostrophic transports in the NE Pacific are examined during the 1997–1998 El Nino using altimeter data, sea level pressure (SLP) fields, proxy winds and satellite sea surface temperature (SST). Most of the signal occurs along the boundaries of the basin from Panama to the Alaska Peninsula. Changes in the SSH and alongshore transports along the boundaries are caused both by propagation of signals from the south (stronger between the equator and the Gulf of California) and by local and basin-scale winds (stronger between the Pacific Northwest and the Alaska Peninsula). Two periods of high SSH occur at the equator, May–July 1997 and October 1997–January 1998. The first coastal SSH signal moved quickly polewards to approximately 24°N in early June, then stalled and moved farther north during transient events in July–September. Large-scale wind forcing combined with the equatorial signals during the second period of high equatorial SSH (Fall 1997) to move the high SSH and poleward transports quickly around the Alaska Gyre. A connection between the boundary currents and the interior North Pacific developed as part of the large-scale response to the basin-scale winds, after changes in the boundaries. Decreases in anomalies of SSH and poleward transports began in January 1998 south of 40°N and in February 1998 farther north.
Evolution of the higher order band structure in FCC photonic crystals

Summary form only given. Recently, several groups have reported inverted opals that may satisfy the requirements for a complete photonic band gap (PBG). These photonic crystals, which represent a face-centered cubic (FCC) lattice of spherical voids in a high refractive index material, were made from materials with sufficiently high refractive index to open the PBG. However, a fundamental question remains about how the intrinsic disorder present in opal photonic crystals will affect the PBG. Deviations in the lattice constant, point defects in the lattice, and the tendency to form stacking faults during the self-assembly of inverted opals, results in significant inhomogeneous broadening of the stop-bands and eventually can eliminate the PBG. We report quantitative measurements of the higher frequency photonic band structure in opal photonic crystals in the region of the eighth and ninth bands. These bands should evolve toward the complete PBG with increase of the refractive index contrast.
Mathematical and Experimental Investigation of Liquid-Gas Interfaces in Porous Wicks

This paper focuses on the investigation of the liquid-gas (or vapor) interface, which occurs in very small diameter pores. A mathematical model is built to formulate the movements of a liquid column trapped in a capillary pore. The Navier-Stokes equations are applied to the liquid side with assumed no-slip conditions, while the Young-Laplace equation is used to formulate the shape of the interface. This theoretical model calculates both velocity profiles in the liquid side and transient profiles of the interface itself; and of particular interest, it predicts the pressure difference, oscillation frequency and amplitude required to burst this interface. These predicted parameters are examined by the experiments with both oscillating Coherent Porous Silicon (CPS) wicks and porous plastic wicks. This research helps better understanding the phenomena such as multiphase flow in porous media or de-watering process that happens in vibro-separators.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Competition between pentalysine and actinomycin D for binding to DNA

Abstract It has been demonstrated that pentalysine competes with actinomycin D for binding to DNA. The fact that the quantitative aspects of this competition are not greatly affected by the presence of glucose in the major groove of the double helix is interpreted to mean that the polypeptide binds in the minor groove.
Household migration and rural settlement in the United States, 1850–1860

Abstract This paper investigates migration patterns in a national sample of nearly 1600 families matched in the census manuscript schedules of population. Migration is observed at the county level, gross as well as net flows are measured, and the data support the estimation of regression models that explain mobility by individual characteristics. The findings suggest that education and a long-term decline in the importance of location-specific human capital promoted labor market integration, that departures from the South were small in overall migration flows, that frontier settlers differed little from persisters, that reverse migration was concentrated among the young, and that substantial differences in regional patterns of movement persisted after controlling for individual characteristics.
Rod influence on hue-scaling functions

Rod influence on hue appearance of spectral lights was characterized by comparing the scaling of red, green, yellow, and blue hue sensations for an 8°-diameter, 7°-eccentric test spot under conditions that minimized (cone plateau) and maximized (dark adapted) rod influence at two mesopic light levels (1.5 and 3.0 log scoptic trolands). At the lower light level, the hue-scaling functions showed that rod signals influenced the spectral range and magnitude of all four primary hues. The rod influence could not be characterized as a ubiquitous augmentation or diminution of any hue over the entire spectrum. This constrains models of rod influence on color vision.
CRT-701 Should a New Bleeding Risk Score be Developed to Account for the Added Risks in Patients With Moderate or Severe Aortic Stenosis Who Undergo Percutaneous Coronary Intervention?

Aortic stenosis (AS) is associated with an increased risk of bleeding, but little is known about the risk of bleeding during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with AS. In the age of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), patients with AS frequently undergo PCI prior to
"Normal" blood glucose and coronary risk.

Papers p 15 Although diabetes is a strong risk factor for coronary heart disease, the association between glycaemia within the “normal range” and coronary heart disease has been somewhat controversial.1 A 1979 collaborative report from 15 countries found the risk ratio in the highest versus the lowest centile of glycaemia to range from 0.34 to 6.07 in men from Finland, Denmark, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States.2 In other cohort studies, including Whitehall3 and Framingham,4 there appeared to be a threshold effect, with risk observed only at glucose levels approaching or including current diagnostic criteria for diabetes. There are several possible reasons for these contradictory results, including: the failure to exclude people with diabetes from the cohorts, compatible with a threshold effect; the multifactorial aetiology of coronary heart disease, compatible with confounding; or the large intra-individual variation in glucose (especially postchallenge glucose) values, compatible with misclassification bias. Glycosylated haemoglobin, an integrated estimate of glucose over the preceding 6-12 weeks, …
Presenilin 1 forms aggresomal deposits in response to heat shock

Aggresomes have been described as cytoplasmic membrane protein aggregates that are induced by proteasome inhibition or overexpression of certain proteins. Here, we characterized aggresomes formed by the Alzheimer's disease-associated presenilin 1 (PS1) protein. Proteasome inhibition induced accumulation of PS1 in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and retrotranslocation of the protein from the ER membrane into the cytoplasm. Aggresomes formed by PS1 modified the ER structure whereas proteasomes were inhibited. Therefore, clear visual identification of PS1 aggresomes required removal of the proteasome inhibitor followed by hours of recovery to redistribute the ER throughout the cells. Aggresomes formed by PS1 did not potentiate or attenuate apoptotic cell death induced by staurosporine treatment. Selective presence of the heat-shock proteins Hsp70 and HDJ-2/HSDJ, but not Hsp90, in aggresomes suggested chaperone-mediated transport of PS1 into these structures. Because proteasome inhibition and heat shock are both known to induce expression of heat shock proteins, we also demonstrated that heat shock alone was sufficient to induce PS1 aggresome formation and Hsp70 expression. These results indicate that aggresome formation by PS1 is chaperone-mediated and can be induced in response to heat-shock stress, a common cellular event in neurodegenerative diseases. Malfunctioning of the proteasome or heat-shock stress response in the brains of patients affected by Alzheimer's disease may lead to the accumulation of stable aggresomes of PS1, perhaps contributing to neurodegeneration.
Defect model and transport at high temperature in YBa2Cu3O6+Y

From 650-850/degrees/C in situ conductivity and thermopower measurements it was determined that YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 6+Y/ is a p-type small polaron conductor over the range 0.15 less than or equal to y less than or equal to 0.75 with a hopping energy of approximately 0.1 eV. Copper valence distribution on the Cu(1) site was calculated from the thermopower and literature values for the oxygen content, Y. All three valence state of Cu appear to be present with the equilibrium constant of disproportionation, 2Cu/sup 2 +/ /Leftrightarrow/ Cu/sup +/ + Cu/sup 3 +/, independent of temperature and oxygen content. The defect model proposed to explain the nonstoichiometry and transport behavior is: Cu/sup +/ + 1/2 O/sub 2/(g) /Leftrightarrow/ O/sub 0//sup =/ + Cu/sup 3 +/. As Y ..-->.. 0 at low p/sub O/sub 2'// to p-to-n transition is detected, possibly indicating a Cu/sup +//Cu/sup 2 +/ e/sup -/-type small polaron mechanism as opposed to the Cu/sup 3 +//Cu/sup 2 +/ h-type mechanism over most values of Y. The phase boundary at low p/sub O/sub 2// prevents further investigation of this n-type mechanism.
A simplified control system for a daylight-matched LED lamp

Energy-conscious facility designs strive to include natural daylight in workspaces. However, the correlated colour temperature (CCT) and spectral content of daylight varies throughout the day while existent electric lamps produce light with a fixed CCT, resulting in mixed-illumination environments. A prototype LED lamp, with a simple control concept and a novel pulse-width modulation drive circuit, is proposed. This white light over a broad range of CCT values while maintaining a stable colour quality fidelity score with respect to a standard daylight source having an equivalent CCT. This range of CCTs is obtained without requiring computations for spectral approximation, resulting in a simplified control system.
Effectiveness of behaviour based safety interventions to reduce accidents and injuries in workplaces: critical appraisal and meta-analysis

Background: Behaviour-based safety (BBS) is one of the promising methods implemented in industry to reduce the incidence of accidents and injuries. Researchers have reported diverse BBS applications in various industries. The diversity of applications and results reveals a need for systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the overall effectiveness of BBS to improve workers’ safety and health. Objective: To quantitatively assess the effectiveness of behaviour-based safety (BBS) interventions in reducing accidents and injury occurrence in occupational settings. Methods: A critical appraisal was conducted to assess the methodological quality of study. A meta-analysis was also performed to identify the direction and size of the effect. Results: Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria with a poor to marginal methodological quality. Eight studies achieved a statistically significant reduction in accidents/injuries after conducting a BBS intervention. The overall metaSAR (0.60, 95% CI 0.72–0.97) displ...
Detection-system characteristics using 252Cf ionization chambers

Abstract Because for 252 Cf the number of neutrons and gamma rays and the energy spectrum of particles from spontaneous fission are well characterized, it can be used as a timed source of fission neutrons and gamma rays. This paper describes a timed source of neutrons and gamma rays made by depositing 252 Cf on one electrode of a parallel-plate ionization chamber that can then be used for determining detection-system characteristics. This well characterized source of neutrons can thus be used as a randomly pulsed source for a variety of applications. This paper illustrates the use of this type of source to determine the time resolution of detection systems, the efficiency for detection of neutrons between 0.5 and 5 MeV, the effectiveness of pulse-shape discrimination systems, and the overall efficiency for detection of prompt fission gamma rays.
Biosynthesis and secretion of calcitonin by avian ultimobranchial glands.

The biosynthesis and release of calcitonin from chicken ultimobranchial glands were evaluated both in vivo and in vitro. Changes in the content of calcitonin in plasma and ultimobranchial glands of chicks during embryonic development were measured using a radioimmunoassay for salmon calcitonin that readily detects chicken calcitonin. Calcitonin content of the ultimobranchial glands underwent a striking rise during the lateembryonic and newborn periods, and a transient phase of brisk calcitonin secretion into blood was observed at the time of hatching. Ultimobranchial glands from late-embryo and newborn chicks, when incubated in vitro with radioactive leucine, incorporated labeled leucine into protein and released radioactive protein into the culture medium linearly over a period of 30 h. Analyses, by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels and by reactivity with anti-calcitonin sera, of radioactive protein released into the media revealed two radioimmunoassayable and immunoprecipitable peaks of chicken cal...
Reading Time and Error Rates for Normal and Retarded Readers.

55 Ss were asked to read aloud a series of words varying in familiarity and length. Retarded readers from the sixth grade and of average intelligence were matched on the basis of WRAT scores to second graders of average intelligence. Another group of less retarded readers, also from the sixth grade, were WRAT-matched to second graders of above-average intelligence. It was shown that the retarded groups read at the same speed as their reading-grade-level peers and that the more retarded group made significantly more errors.
Mentally Retarded Sex Offenders Criminality and Retardation

The coexistence of mental retardation and sex-related criminality among retarded criminal offenders creates substantial difficulties to the criminal justice system in determining the defendant's criminal responsibility and to human service professionals in designing effective treatment programs. Regardless of criminal charges, sex-related or not, this study shows that offenders are more likely to be diagnosed as having severe mental retardation if they have a severe deficit in adaptive behavior or a low IQ score. This study's results also indicate that mentally retarded sex offenders are rarely distinguishable from other retarded offenders in terms of mental retardation, IQ, and deficits in adaptive behavior.
Dry coniferous forest restoration and understory plant diversity: The importance of community heterogeneity and the scale of observation

Maintaining understory plant species diversity is an important management goal as forest restoration and fuel reduction treatments are applied extensively to dry coniferous forests of western North America. However, understory diversity is a function of both local species richness (number of species in a sample unit) and community heterogeneity (beta diversity) at multiple spatial scales, while studies of restoration treatment effects often only examine local species richness at one or two spatial scales. We studied experimental thinning and prescribed fire treatment effects on understory plant species richness and community heterogeneity at three spatial scales using additive diversity partitioning. We also evaluated treatment effects on understory plant species colonization and extirpation at two spatial scales. There was no evidence that active restoration treatments reduced species richness or increased local extirpation of species. Restoration treatments significantly increased herbaceous species richness at the treatment-unit level primarily by increasing community heterogeneity among sampling points within the units. The combination of thinning and burning produced the greatest increase in community heterogeneity, and increased colonization by species that were not sampled prior to treatment. These results suggest that restoration treatments designed primarily to reduce fire hazard and promote sustainable conditions in these fire-adapted ecosystems can also increase community heterogeneity and facilitate colonization by new understory species without significant local extirpation of extant species.
Performance evaluation of the PowerPC 620 microarchitecture

The PowerPC 620™ microprocessor is the most recent and performance leading member of the PowerPC™ family. The 64-bit PowerPC 620 microprocessor employs a two-phase branch prediction scheme, dynamic renaming for all the register files, distributed multi-entry reservation stations, true out-of-order execution by six execution units, and a completion buffer for ensuring precise exceptions. This paper presents an instruction-level performance evaluation of the 620 microarchitecture. A performance simulator is developed using the VMW (Visualization-based Microarchitecture Workbench) retargetable framework. The VMW-based simulator accurately models the microarchitecture down to the machine cycle level. Extensive trace-driven simulation is performed using the SPEC92 benchmarks. Detailed quantitative analyses of the effectiveness of all key microarchitecture features are presented.