cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Baclofen overdose: drug experimentation in a group of adolescents.

Background. Baclofen, a lipophilic analog of gamma-aminobutyric acid, is clinically used to control spasticity. We report a mass exposure to baclofen in adolescents seeking intoxication; toxicokinetic data are included. Case Series. A group of adolescents became symptomatic after ingesting 3 to 30 20-mg tablets of baclofen during a party at a suburban Boys9 Club. Several children were noted to be very lethargic by chaperones, ingestion was suspected, and paramedics were called. Some white tablets were found in a couch at the site of the party. The Massachusetts Poison Control Center was called, and the tablets were identified as baclofen (20 mg). Fourteen patients were taken to local hospitals; 9 required intubation. Eight adolescents were transferred to our institution. In these 8 patients, symptoms were noted within 1 to 2 hours after overdose. The most common clinical findings included coma (7), hypothermia (6), bradycardia (5), hypertension (4), and hyporeflexia (8). Mean length of mechanical ventilation was 40 hours. Three patients had unifocal premature ventricular contractions. Two patients had tonic–clonic seizures. A single dose of activated charcoal was given to all patients. Drugs administered included nifedipine (1), flumazenil (1), naloxone (1), lorazepam (2), and phosphenytoin (2). All patients recovered and were discharged home within 5 days of ingestion. Serial serum baclofen levels were obtained in all intubated patients (range, 0.049 to 6.0; normal, 0.08 to .40 μg/mL). Levels obtained 14 hours after ingestion showed a linear correlation with length of mechanical ventilation (R2 = 0.9863). Persistent symptoms were noted in some patients, despite nondetectable baclofen levels. Toxicologic screening for drugs of abuse was negative except in 2 patients with ethanol levels, both Conclusion. Baclofen overdose may result in coma, apnea, autonomic disturbances, cardiac conduction abnormalities, and seizures. Levels obtained shortly after overdose correlate with length of mechanical ventilation.
Schlafen 3 Mediates the Differentiating Effects of Cdx2 in Rat IEC-Cdx2L1 Enterocytes.

ABSTRACTAim: Mature, differentiated enterocytes are essential for normal gut function and critical to recovery from pathological conditions. Little is known about the factors that regulate intestinal epithelial cell differentiation in the adult intestine. The transcription factor, Cdx2, involved in enterocytic differentiation, remains expressed in the adult. Since we have implicated Slfn3 in differentiation in vivo and in vitro, we examined whether it also mediated differentiation in the IEC-Cdx2-L1 cell model of differentiation. Materials and Methods: IEC-Cdx2-L1 cells, permanently transfected with Cdx2 under the control of isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG), were stimulated to differentiate by 16-day exposure to IPTG. Transcript levels of Cdx2, Slfn 3, and villin were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of mRNA isolated from IPTG-treated and control cells. Slfn3 expression was lowered with specific siRNA to investigate the role of Slfn3 in Cdx2-driven villin expr...
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation outcomes for children and young adults with treatment-related myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukaemia

Objective: Therapy-related myeloid malignancies (tMDS or tAML) are well-known complications of cancer therapy for which outcomes are poor. Whether clinical characteristics can predict disease outcome in children and young adults, as they do in older adults, is not well known. Method: Twenty-five children with tMDS/tAML underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) at the University of Minnesota between 1990 and 2010. Twenty-one patients received myeloablative conditioning. Graft sources included umbilical cord blood in fourteen patients [single (n=9), double (n=5)] and bone marrow in 11. Prior to transplant twenty-one patients received AML-directed chemotherapy and 19 were in complete remission at the time of allo-HCT. Twelve patients had high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities involving 11q23 (n=6), chromosome 5 (n=4) and/or chromosome 7 (n=5). Result: The 5-year OS and DFS was 23% (CI 95%: 9-41%) and 17% (CI 95%: 5-35%) respectively. Transplant related mortality (TRM) and relapse at 1-year were 39% (CI 95%: 19-59%) and 22% (CI 95%: 5-38%). We found no significant differences in survival based on remission status, pre-transplant cytogenetics or conditioning regimen. Conclusion: Outcomes of children and young adults with tMDS/tAML continue to be poor with TRM and relapse remaining the major obstacles to cure.
A numerical test of the reliability of galerkin approximations to the solutions of the Navier-Stokes equation

The accuracy of the Galerkin method for solving the Navier-Stokes equation is tested for a two-dimensional incompressible viscous flow.(AIP)
Dynamics of the direct reaction of hydrogen atoms adsorbed on Cu(111) with hydrogen atoms incident from the gas phase.

Fast HD molecules are observed in the reaction of a beam of H(D) aotms with D(H) atoms chemisorbed on a Cu(111) surface at 100 K. The mean kinetic energy of these molecules is close to 1 eV, or about half of that available. Angular distributions of the nascent HD product are relatively sharp, are displaced slightly away from the surface normal in the specular direction, and display a small sensitivity to the incidence energy. Both the energy and angular distributions are different for D on H and H on D. Results are discussed in terms of a direct Eley-Rideal mechanism.
Imbedding Smart Relays in Large Electric Power Networks: The Scalability Problem and a Possible Solution

As the need to meet the high security and reliability requirements of the electric power grids intensify, it is essential to make the existing relays smarter and more adaptive to changing system conditions. A successful implementation of enhanced relay performance requires both improved logic and the ability to manage computing and communications in near-real time. In this paper, we first summarize our recently introduced hypothesis-testing-based improved logic for over-current relays. The new contribution concerns the computational and communications problem associated with the large combinatorial burden of decision making underlying this new logic when relays are embedded in large electric power networks. We refer to this problem as the scalability problem. In this paper, a possible approach to solving the scalability problem is presented. In particular, this approach leads to: 1) Shorter simulation and training time prior to installing new relays; 2) Less data requirement for training and updating each relay; and 3) Faster dynamic updating with lower communication traffic load. These features are essential for a physical cyber system (PCS) to effectively meet the goals of secure and reliable critical infrastructures, such as a large electric power system.
3-Center-4-Electron Bonding in [(silox)2Mo=NtBu]2(μ-Hg) Controls Reactivity while Frontier Orbitals Permit a Dimolybdenum π-Bond Energy Estimate

Na/Hg reduction of (silox)2Cl2MoNtBu (3) afforded C2h [(silox)2MoNtBu]2(μ-Hg) (12-Hg), which consists of two distorted trigonal monoprisms with Hg at the each apex (d(MoHg) = 2.6810(5) A). Calculations reveal 3c4e bonding in the linear MoHgMo linkage that renders 12-Hg susceptible to nucleophilic cleavage. Exposure to PMe3 and pyridine rapidly (<5 min) affords (silox)2(tBuN)MoLn (L = PMe3, n = 1 (1-PMe3); py, n = 2 (1-py2)), while poorer nucleophiles (L = C2H4, 2-butyne) yield adducts (e.g., 1-C2H4 and 1-C2Me2) after prolonged heating. The HOMO and LUMO of 12-Hg are “stretched” π and π* orbitals from which four states arise: 1Ag (GS), 3Bu, 1Bu, and 1Ag. ΔE = E(1Bu) − E(3Bu) = 2K, where K is the exchange energy. Magnetic studies indicate E(3Bu) − E(1Ag) ≈ 550 cm-1 (calcd 1744 cm-1), and a UV−vis absorption at 10 000 cm-1 is assigned to 1Ag → 1Bu, permitting K to be evaluated as 4725 cm-1. With the π → π* transition in Schrock's [Mo(NAr)(CH2tBu)(OC6F5)]2 (4) assigned at 528 nm, this estimation places its π...
Comments on "A Computer Algorithm for Calculating the Product AB Modulo M"

The modular multiplication algorithm (MMA) was presented as a method of calculating " the smallest nonnegative integer R congruent modulo M to the product AB of two nonegative integers without dividing by M."1 The claim that division is avoided is technically correct, but misleading. A minor modification calculates both R and Q such that AB = MQ + R. A simplified version of the new algorithm is given and an alternate derivation is shown to illustrate the key ideas behind the method.
Nonconforming Maxwell Eigensolvers

Three Maxwell eigensolvers are discussed in this paper. Two of them use classical nonconforming finite element approximations, and the other is an interior penalty type discontinuous Galerkin method. A main feature of these solvers is that they are based on the formulation of the Maxwell eigenproblem on the space H 0(curl;?)?H(div0;?). These solvers are free of spurious eigenmodes and they do not require choosing penalty parameters. Furthermore, they satisfy optimal order error estimates on properly graded meshes, and their analysis is greatly simplified by the underlying compact embedding of H 0(curl;?)?H(div0;?) in L 2(?). The performance and the relative merits of these eigensolvers are demonstrated through numerical experiments.
Positron emission tomography scanning with 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose as a predictor of response of neoadjuvant treatment for non-small cell carcinoma.

Abstract Objectives: Surgical resection after preoperative chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer might only be best for patients who are responders. We compared positron emission tomographic scanning with 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDP-PET scanning) with computed tomographic scanning to evaluate their ability to predict this response for the primary tumor, N1 and N2 lymph nodes. Methods: All patients with non-small cell lung cancer who had an initial FDP-PET scan staging with tissue biopsy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, repeat FDP-PET scanning, and repeat biopsies were prospectively studied. Results: There were 34 patients (24 men; median age, 64 years). Eleven patients had N2 disease, and 7 had N1 disease. Twenty-seven patients received chemotherapy, and 7 patients received chemotherapy and radiation. All but 9 patients underwent resection. Statistical analysis showed FDP-PET scanning to be more specific ( P P =.0018), and to have a higher negative predictive value ( P P P P P =.0002) than computed tomographic scanning for paratracheal nodes (number 2 and 4 lymph nodes). FDP-PET scanning had a higher positive predictive value ( P Conclusions: Repeat FDP-PET scanning is more specific and has a higher positive predictive value and negative predictive value than computed tomographic scanning for detecting residual tumor in the lung in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who have received preoperative chemotherapy. It is more sensitive and accurate for paratracheal N2 nodes as well. However, there is no significant difference in its detection of N1 lymph nodes. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;125:938-44
Spirits and the Soul in Confucian Ritual Discourse

AbstractAs early as the Tang 唐 (618–907), Confucian scholars drew from classical sources to articulate a conception of spirits and the soul that provided a canonical foundation for imperial sacrifices performed by members of the court and bureaucracy to the end of the Qing 清 (1644–1911). Contrary to modern accounts, imperial-era commentaries on the Analects 論語 disclose the figure of Confucius as committed to pious sacrifices to gods and spirits. In commentaries on the Record of Rites 禮記 in the imperial edition of the Five Classics (Correct Meaning of the Five Classics 五經正義, 653), Kong Yingda 孔穎達 (574–648) propounds a detailed conception of spirits, ghosts, and the soul based on statements attributed to Confucius. Confucians from the Song 宋 (960–1279) through the Qing, including Zhu Xi 朱熹 (1130–1200) among others, built on this and other classical sources to formulate feasting rites 祭祀 devoted to gods and spirits. Confucian ritual discourse conceived of the soul as constituted by anima (hun 魂), which anima...
Existence and Structural Stability for Certain Configurations of Rotating Barotropic Fluids

We consider rotating configurations of one or more gas balls. We show that under a non-degeneracy condition these structures are structurally stable as solutions of the equilibrium equations, while not making any claims about their dynamic stability. Under a different non-degeneracy condition we show that we can replace the mass points of solutions of the restricted n-body problem by gas balls, if the scale is chosen sufficiently large.
Cell dimensions and antiferromagnetism of lunar and terrestrial ilmenite single crystals.

Abstract X-Ray diffraction and anisotropic magnetic measurements have been made on single crystals of lunar ilmenite and on terrestrial ilmenite from Bancroft, Ontario, Canada and the Ilmen Mountains, U.S.S.R. The elongated c -axis of lunar ilmenite, previously reported, is confirmed by new measurements. The shorter c -axis found in terrestrial specimens is ascribed to Fe3+ substitution for Ti4+ in the titanium layer. Magnetic measurements on the same specimens show that, in agreement with the Ishikawa-Shirane et al. model, the initial shortening of the c -axis by the above substitution of small amounts of Fe3+ ( Additional transitions found in one of the terrestrial specimens (Bancroft) have been ascribed to a small amount of an exsolved spinel phase, possibly a solid solution phase of magnetite-ulvospinel. The spinel phase is localized in hematite-rich blebs which exsolved from the host ilmenite-rich phase.
Recirculating photonic filter: a wavelength-selective time delay for optically controlled phased-array antenna

A wavelength-selective photonic time delay filter is proposed and demonstrated. The device consists of an optical phased-array waveguide grating in a recirculating feedback configuration. It can function as a true-time-delay generator for squint-free beam steering in optically- controlled phased-array antennas. As the photonic filter uses the optical carrier wavelength to select the desired time delay, a one-to-one map is established between the optical carrier wavelength and the desired antenna direction, thus eliminating complex switching networks required to select the appropriate delay line. The proposed device can also function as the encoder/decoder in wavelength-CDMA. The concept uses a waveguide prism in a symmetric feedback (recirculating) configuration. The modulated optical carrier is steered by the waveguide prism to the appropriate integrated delay line depending on the carrier wavelength. The signal is delayed and is fed back into the symmetric input port. The prism then focuses the delayed beam into the common output port. Thus three sequential operations are performed: (1) wavelength demultiplexing, (2) time delay, and (3) wavelength multiplexing. It is important to note that the recirculating photonic filter has no 1/N loss; all the power at a given wavelength is diffracted into the output port. Furthermore, high resolution (6 - 8 bits) can be obtained in a compact integrated device. A prototype regular recirculating photonic filter true-time delay device was realized using a 8-channel arrayed-waveguide grating demultiplexer and external (off-chip) fiber delay lines. The grating was fabricated in the silica waveguide technology with 0.8 nm channel spacing (FSR equals 6.4 nm) and operating in the 1.5 micrometers wavelength range. Light from an external cavity tunable laser was rf modulated at 10 - 40 MHz and was coupled into the arrayed waveguide grating chip and time/phase measurements were performed sing a digital oscilloscope. Feedback delay lines consisted of optical fibers of different lengths connected between 4 symmetric pairs of input and output ports. The results clearly demonstrate the Recirculating Photonic Filter's ability to perform wavelength-selective true-time delay. Furthermore, as expected, the delay has the desired property of being independent of rf frequency.
GENERIC MULTIMEDIA DATABASE FOR HIGHWAY INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT

Images of highway right-of-way are used widely by highway agencies through their photologging services to obtain visual information for the analysis of traffic accidents, design improvement, and highway pavement management. The video data usually are in analog format, which is limited in accessibility and search, cannot automatically display site engineering data sets with video, and does not allow simultaneous access by multiple users. Recognizing the need to improve the existing photologging systems, the state highway agency of Arkansas sponsored a research project to develop a full digital, computer-based highway information system that extends the capabilities of existing photologging equipment. The software technologies developed for a distributed multimedia-based highway information system (MMHIS) are presented. MMHIS removes several limitations of the existing systems. The advanced technologies used in this system include digital video, data synchronization, high-speed networking, and video server....
Using Linkage Analysis to Identify Quantitative Trait Loci for Sleep Apnea in Relationship to Body Mass Index

Haseman-Elston sibling regression was conducted on AHI, AHI adjusted for BMI and BMI in African-American and European-American pedigrees. A comparison of the magnitude of linkage peaks was used to assess the relationship between AHI and BMI. In EAs, the strongest evidence for linkage to AHI was on 6q23-25 and 10q24-q25, both decreasing after BMI adjustment, suggesting loci with pleiotropic effects. Also, a promising area of linkage to AHI but not BMI was observed on 6p11-q11 near the orexin-2 receptor, suggesting BMI independent pathways. In AAs the strongest evidence of linkage for AHI after adjusting for BMI was on chromosome 8p21.3 with linkage increasing after BMI adjustment and on 8q24.1 with linkage decreasing after BMI adjustment. Novel linkage peaks were also observed in AAs to both BMI and AHI on chromosome 13 near the serotonin-2a receptor. These analyses suggest genetic loci for sleep apnea that operate both independently of BMI and through BMI-related pathways.
Monocyte Differentiation Is Controlled by MyD88 After Mouse Orthotopic Lung Transplantation

In lung grafts, ischemia-reperfusion signals rapidly induce the recruitment and differentiation of host monocytes into macrophages and dendritic cells. The nature of ischemia-reperfusion signals are antigen independent, but have been hypothesized to initiate Toll-like receptor (TLR) and interleukin (IL)-1R-mediated signaling pathways that are thought to potentiate alloimmune responses. We wondered whether MyD88, an adaptor molecule critical for both TLR and IL-1R-mediated inflammatory responses, regulated monocyte differentiation in a mouse model of vascularized orthotopic lung transplantation. Orthotopic left lung transplants were performed in the following syngeneic combinations: CD45.1(+) B6 --> CD45.2(+) MyD88(-/-) and CD45.1(+) B6 --> CD45.2(+) B6. One day later, recipient-derived dendritic cells and macrophage numbers were assessed in the bronchiolar lavage by FACS analysis. Compared with the bronchiolar lavage of wildtype recipients, MyD88(-/-) recipients had lower numbers of dendritic cells in lung graft airways that were of recipient origin. Lower numbers of newly differentiated lung graft dendritic cells was coincident with the appearance of higher numbers of undifferentiated monocytes in the lung airways of MyD88(-/-) recipients as compared with wild-type recipients. Moreover, adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that MyD88(-/-) monocytes were poorer at differentiating into lung dendritic cells as compared with wild-type monocytes. Taken together, these data show that MyD88 regulates graft-infiltrating monocyte differentiation and suggests a mechanism by which TLR/IL-1R-signaling pathways control adaptive responses in lung allografts through controlling monocyte fate.
Adsorption of lauryl sulphonic acid in the surface of its aqueous solution, and the Gibbs theorem

The absolute amount of adsorption per square centimetre of exposed surface of a solution may be measured with certainty and with moderate accuracy. In the microtome method (McBain and Humphreys 1932; McBain and Swain 1936; McBain, Ford and Mills 1940) the quiescent surface is cut from a solution in complete equilibrium with its vapour, collected, and analysed. In the interferometer method (Ford and McBain 1936; McBain, Mills and Ford 1940) a similar surface in equilibrium is compressed into the bulk of the liquid in the path of an interferometer beam which measures excess coming from the known surface destroyed. Both methods applied to solutions of lauryl sulphonic acid, C12H25SO3H, agree in showing strong positive adsorption over the whole range of concentrations. On the other hand, the curve of surface tension with concentration is of Type III, showing very great lowering in extreme dilution, leading immediately to a minimum, followed by a definite rise to a shallow maximum, with a slight decrease of this already low value with further concentration. The Gibbs theorem demands an initial positive adsorption of the acid, followed by no adsorption at all where the surface tension is most lowered, followed by strong negative adsorption, then zero adsorption, still in dilute solution with very low surface tension, followed by slight positive adsorption.
Postseismic stress and pore pressure readjustment and aftershock distributions

Abstract The time and spatial readjustment of stress and pore pressure due to a strike-slip rupture are investigated by means of a model which treats the earth's crust as a linear poro-elastic material infiltrated by fluids. The analysis is based on a fundamental solution obtained by Rice and Cleary who treated the solid and fluid constituents as separately compressible. The main shock is modeled as a sudden uniform stress drop and the resulting slip dislocation is maintained in time. This suddenly introduced dislocation distribution sets up stress and pore pressure fields. Diffusion of fluid takes place from regions undergoing compression to regions undergoing dilation. Hence the stress and pore pressure fields evolve over time, with time scales which depend on the flow parameters of the rock medium. It is assumed that aftershocks occur when the Coulomb stress (defined as σc = τ + μ(σn+ p), where σn and τ are the increase in normal stress and shear stress across a potential slip surface, μ is a friction coefficient, and p is the pore pressure increase) exceeds the shear strength of the slip surface. The coseismic elastic solution confirms the suggestion of spatial distribution of aftershocks by Stein and Lisowski. The transient solution predicts a small rotation of the aftershock zone from the compression into the dilation region at the two ends of the main rupture, whereas the aftershock zones for off-fault aftershocks appear to expand and shift into the dilating regions. A new plot is developed which provides a means to study the association between high Coulomb stress increase with off-fault aftershock locations. The aftershock distributions of three earthquakes (Pasinler, 1983: Borrego Mountain, 1968; and Haicheng, 1975) are compared to the zones predicted by the model. The earthquake aftershocks are skewed towards the dilatant regions and in some cases form distinct off-fault clusters in the areas of high Coulomb stress. The ability of the model to provide a primary aftershock mechanism and the implications of this mechanism for material properties are discussed in the contexts of these sample earthquakes. The model predicts the generally observed spatial expansion of the aftershock zones and suggests an explanation for the presence or absence of off-fault aftershock clusters. However, the inaccuracy in location of aftershocks and the small magnitude change in predicted Coulomb stress makes it difficult to confirm or disprove the theory that aftershock distributions are controlled by fluid flow.
Lipid and lipoprotein responses of hypertriglyceridaemic outpatients to a low-carbohydrate modification of the A.H.A. fat-controlled diet.

Abstract 13 non-obese men with hypertri-glyceridaemia were followed monthly during a year of dietary treatment. During the last six months a diet designed to lower serum levels of both triglyceride and cholesterol was prescribed. Carbohydrate intake was low (30% of total calories), cholesterol intake was low (259 mg. daily), and total fat intake was high (50% of calories) with a high polyunsaturated/saturated (P/S) ratio (3/2). Compared with baseline values, the diet caused significant reductions in the mean levels of triglyceride (by 96 mg. per dl.), cholesterol (by 28 mg. per dl.), pre-β-lipo-protein (by 65 mg. per dl.), and β-lipoprotein (by 84 mg. per dl.). Weight fell significantly (by 2 kg.) despite attempts to prevent this, but the triglyceride response appeared to be unrelated to the weight loss. These events are compared with the effects of the standard American Heart Association (A.H.A.) fat-controlled diet during the first six months in the same subjects, and during twelve months of treatment in a group of 28 men with normal serum-triglyceride concentrations. The chief effect of the standard A.H.A. diet appears to be a reduction of the level of 3-lipoprotein and that of carbohydrate restriction a lowering of pre-β-lipoprotein concentration. Our low carbohydrate modification of the standard A.H.A. diet is acceptable to outpatients and has a sustained capacity to lower serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations.
Clinical clerkship students' perceptions of (un)safe transitions for every patient

Purpose As calls for training and accreditation standards around improved patient care transitions have recently increased, more publications describing medical student education programs on care transitions have appeared. However, descriptions of students' experience with care transitions and the sender/receiver communication that supports or inhibits them are limited. To fill this gap, the authors developed this project to understand students' experiences with and perceptions of care transitions. Method At the start of a patient safety intersession at the Medical College of Wisconsin (2010), 193 third-year medical students anonymously wrote descriptions of critical incidents related to care transitions they had witnessed that evoked a strong emotional reaction. Descriptions included the emotion evoked, clinical context, and types of information exchanged. The authors analyzed the incident descriptions using a constant comparative qualitative methodology. Results Analysis revealed that 111 of the 121 medical students (92%) who disclosed emotional responses had strong negative reactions to unsuccessful transitions, experiencing frustration, irritation, fear, and anger. All of these negative emotions were associated with lack of or poor communication between the sender and receiver: ambiguous roles and responsibilities, insufficient detailing of the patient's medical course, inadequate identification of the people involved in the transition, incomplete delineation of what the patient needed, and unclear reasons for the transition. Conclusions Third-year medical students' descriptions of care-transition incidents reveal high rates of strong negative emotions and of communication gaps that may adversely affect patient care. Results support curricular innovations that align students' needs and experiences with safe patient care transitions.
Biological effects of the Pim kinase inhibitor, SGI-1776, in multiple myeloma.

Abstract Background Pim kinases are constitutively active serine/threonine/tyrosine kinases that are overexpressed in hematological malignancies such as multiple myeloma. Pim kinase substrates are involved in transcription, protein translation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. SGI-1776 is a potent Pim kinase inhibitor that has proven to be cytotoxic to leukemia and lymphoma cells. Based on this background, we hypothesized that SGI-1776 treatment would result in myeloma cytotoxicity. Materials and Methods To test this, myeloma cell lines and primary CD138 + cells from myeloma patients were treated with SGI-1776 in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and effect on cell death and proliferation, induction of autophagy, and changes in cell cycle profile were measured. Results SGI-1776 treatment resulted in limited apoptosis in cell lines (mean 30%) and CD138 + cells ( + cells (19%-21%). Immunoblot analyses of the autophagy LC3b marker and translation initiation proteins (phospho-p70S6K and 4E-BP1) corroborated autophagy induction. Conclusion These data indicate that SGI-1776 treatment in myeloma cell lines and CD138 + myeloma cells elicits its deleterious effects through inhibition of translation and induction of autophagy.
Who knows? Local non-timber forest product knowledge and stewardship practices in northern Michigan

Non-timber forest product (NTFP) literature frequently laments the absence of an information base for policy and management decisions. While formal scientific data on the biological and social ecologies of most NTFPs are limited to nonexistent, long-time gatherers often have extensive experiential knowledge bases. Researchers and managers may overlook this expertise because of assumptions about the nature of knowledge and the identity of individuals who possess valuable information. These assumptions are explored and contrasted to the concept of local knowledge. A case study of gatherers in Michigan's Upper Peninsula found that many possess extensive knowledge of the products they harvest and observe stewardship practices to assure their sustained availability. The paper is illustrated by descriptions of four gatherers and concludes with recommendations for incorporating the local knowledges of individuals from a variety of cultures into policy, research, and management.
Extranet Security: What's Right for the Business?

Abstract Before traveling too far down the path of presenting secure extra- net architectures, it is helpful to get a solid foundation of what an extranet actually is. In and of itself, this discussion could provide sufficient material for a dissertation; however, to keep it brief, any omission of an opinion is clearly intentional.
Low-Dimensional Phonon Heat Capacity of Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes

Low-dimensional nanostructures such as nanotubes, nanowires, and quantum dots are promising building blocks for electronic, optical, sensing, and energy conversion applications. For effective device design it is important to understand how the basic thermal properties of nanostructures differ from those of bulk materials. For example, the measured thermal conductivity of silicon nanowires [1] can be understood with a 3-dimensional dispersion relation [2] for diameters down to about 40 nm, although at 22 nm diameter the experiment and modeling diverge sharply.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Compressible mixing layer - Linear theory and direct simulation

Results from linear stability analysis are presented for a wide variety of mixing layers, including low-speed layers with variable density and high Mach number mixing layers. The linear amplification predicts correctly the experimentally observed trends in growth rate that are due to velocity ratio, density ratio, and Mach number, provided that the spatial theory is used and the mean flow is a computed solution of the compressible boundary-layer equations. It is found that three-dimensional modes are dominant in the high-speed mixing layer above a convective Mach number of 0.6, and a simple relationship is proposed that approximately describes the orientation of these waves. Direct numerical simulations of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations are used to show the reduced growth rate that is due to increasing Mach number. From consideration of the compressible vorticity equation, it is found that the dominant physics controlling the nonlinear roll-up of vortices in the high-speed mixing layer is contained in an elementary form in the linear eigenfunctions. It is concluded that the linear theory can be very useful for investigating the physics of free shear layers and predicting the growth rate of the developed plane mixing layer
Integration interrupted: tracking, Black students, & acting White after Brown

In this richly contextualized synthesis of ethnographic observations and interviews with district, state, and national data-sets, Karolyn Tyson patiently distills and decants over a decade of resea...
APL as a tool of research for the mathematical scientist

The simplicity and elegance of the APL language in helping the mathematical scientist think about decisions in serious research is clearly demonstrated. This is done by analyzing how the APL function INFDIV inspires the existence of the generalization of the sufficient conditions for a discrete random variable to be infinitely divisible. Documentations and sample outputs are presented.
G383(P) Evaluation of an NHS Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) treatment pathway compared to published international recommendations

Introduction The ACR recommendations for the treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (ACR-JIA) were published in 2011 with the aim of providing an evidence-based therapeutic pathway for safe and effective JIA treatment. Our aim was to determine the feasibility of applying ACR-JIA to a real-life paediatric JIA cohort and to evaluate the treatment pathway of those children. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of a single-centre paediatric JIA cohort. This included a review of the patient case notes, radiology and drug monitoring data of all children with JIA diagnosed with multi-joint (5 or more joint) disease in the 2 years since ACR-JIA were published. In total, 35 patients fulfilled ILAR criteria for diagnosis of JIA: systemic arthritis (n=5), polyarthritis (5) and extended Oligoarthritis (n = 5). Polyarthritis and extended oligoarthritis were analysed together and Systemics reviewed separately. To assess feasibility of the treatment pathways, duration to Methotrexate and Etanercept treatments was calculated, alongside frequency of drug monitoring. Results 25 females and 10 males (median age at onset 13, range 1.5–15 years) were included in the evaluation. Median age at disease onset for poly/extended oligoarthritis was 10 years (1.5–16), with a median of 12 joints (12–38) active at presentation, and for the systemic group median age at onset was 6 years (2–7), with a median number of 6 active joints (2–10). 3 polyarthritis patients were rheumatoid factor positive (0 extended oligoarthritis and 0 systemics). The prognostic features and disease activity levels of the cohort are displayed in Table 1. 22/30 patients with polyarthritis/extended oligoarthritis followed the ACR recommendations for treatment according to their disease severity, commencing methotrexate therapy within a median of 6 weeks (3–37) of diagnosis and etanercept (where relevant) within a median of 7 months (3–24) of diagnosis. 7 patients did not follow ACR-JIA guidelines due to experiencing excessive durations (for disease severity) between diagnosis and commencing methotrexate or etanercept treatment. One patient did not have sufficiently regular drug monitoring. Conclusions Overall, 27/35 patients followed the ACR-JIA recommendations. This evaluation highlights the difficulty of achieving rapid commencement of new JIA therapies and the challenging of ensuring regular drug monitoring in all patients.
Ultimate removal mechanisms of elements from the ocean

Abstract The surface complex formation model can adequately explain the observed partitioning of most of the elements between seawater and pelagic clays and between river water and river suspended particles. The adsorption of elements on the hydrous oxide surface of iron oxide, manganese oxide and clay minerals is the most important ultimate removal mechanism of most of the elements from the ocean.
Modeling and Simulation of Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicles

This paper presents modeling and simulation of a flapping wing micro air vehicle. The overall geometry of this vehicle is based on hummingbirds and large insects. The purpose of this study is to understand the mechanics of flight and to achieve a preliminary design based on simulation results. A quasi-unsteady aerodynamic model is used based on in-house experimental investigation of flapping wing aerodynamics. The simulation results reveal important information regarding the behaviour of the system, that could be used in future designs.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Phosphorylation of Eukaryotic Protein Synthesis Initiation Factor 4E by Insulin-stimulated Protamine Kinase

Abstract Insulin-stimulated protamine kinase (cPK) and protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylated eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation factor 4E (eIF-4E) on serine and threonine residues located on an identical tryptic fragment as judged by two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping. With cPK and PKC, the apparent K for eIF-4E was about 1.2 and 50 μM, respectively. Relative to recombinant human eIF-4E, cPK exhibited about 100% and ≤5% activity with eIF-4E and eIF-4E, respectively, and eIF-4E was phosphorylated exclusively on threonines. Bovine kidney eIF-4E enhanced up to 1.8-fold globin synthesis in m7GTP-Sepharose-treated reticulocyte lysates. In contrast, following incubation with cPK, these eIF-4E preparations stimulated globin synthesis up to 6-fold. Compared to the dephosphorylation of the cPK-modified serine on eIF-4E, reticulocyte lysates and highly purified protein phosphatase 2A exhibited marked preference for the cPK-modified threonine. The results indicate that cPK phosphorylates eIF-4E on Ser and Thr, that the hydroxyl group or phosphorylation of Thr is necessary for cPK to act on Ser, and that Ser phosphorylation activates reticulocyte globin synthesis. The results suggest that cPK could contribute to the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of eIF-4E, but that protein phosphatase 2A may confer the site specificity of this response.
A brief history of wigs in the legal profession

(1999). A brief history of wigs in the legal profession. International Journal of the Legal Profession: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 241-250.
Application of nanoparticles as fluid loss control additives for hydraulic fracturing of tight and ultra-tight hydrocarbon-bearing formations

Abstract Fluid loss into the matrix rock and micro-fractures is inevitable during a typical hydraulic fracturing job. This makes the application of a comparable fluid loss additive to reduce the filtrate volumes into microfractures of a shale formation necessary. Injection of polymeric solutions, either as slick water or cross-linked fluids, in order to propagate a fracture and distribute proppants and keep the fracture open is a common practice in hydraulic fracturing of unconventional tight and ultra-tight formations. In addition to propagation of a main fracture, polymeric fluids will be invading the already existing network of micro-fractures and extending the network connected to the main fracture. Different classes of nanoparticles have been used by several researchers to carry different agents including surfactants and enzymes for hydraulic fracturing purposes. Nano-sized pores and micro-sized fractures in tight and ultra-tight formations require a nano to micro-sized fluid loss additive to improve propagation of the hydraulic fractures by efficiently reducing the fluid loss. In this study, application of silica and polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) nanoparticles as fluid loss additives for three sets of core plugs with permeability values within the 10 −5 –10 −4 mD, 0.01–0.1 mD and 1–40 mD range was investigated. The nano-sized material used in this study significantly reduced the fluid loss volume for the cores with permeability values below 0.1 mD when mixed only with 2% KCl or with low concentrations of guar polymer prepared in 2% KCl.
Direct-write assembly of microperiodic planar and spanning ITO microelectrodes

Printed Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) microelectrodes are fabricated by direct-write assembly of sol–gel inks with varying concentration. This maskless, non-lithographic approach provides a facile route to patterning transparent conductive features in planar arrays and spanning architectures.
Hypoxia inducible factors and the response to hypoxic stress

Oxygen (O 2 ) is an essential nutrient that serves as a key substrate in cellular metabolism and bioenergetics. In a variety of physiological and pathological states, organisms encounter insufficient O 2 availability, or hypoxia. In order to cope with this stress, evolutionarily conserved responses are engaged. In mammals, the primary transcriptional response to hypoxic stress is mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). While canonically regulated by prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing enzymes (PHDs), the HIFα subunits are intricately responsive to numerous other factors, including factor-inhibiting HIF1α (FIH1), sirtuins, and metabolites. These transcription factors function in normal tissue homeostasis and impinge on critical aspects of disease progression and recovery. Insights from basic HIF biology are being translated into pharmaceuticals targeting the HIF pathway.
The scientific contributions of Karl Frederick Canter (1944–2006)

The purpose of this paper is to remember as many good qualities of our friend Karl Canter as I can, as an antidote to the loss of such a magnanimous, generous, inventive and amusing person. The paper endeavours to distill the essence in simple terms of some of Karl's important scientific contributions and say what I know of how these accomplishments were made possible and molded by his various character traits, illustrated with the few anecdotes that I remember.
943 GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE IN PREMATURE INFANTS WITH MASSIVE INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE (ICH)

The hospital course of 60 premature infants with massive ICH were reviewed and compared to 60 controls matched for sex, birth weight, gestational age and date of birth. Intrapartum complications (p r>.05) and not at all in the ICH group. The mean glucose infusion rate of the hyperglycemic (≥ 200 mg/dl) control patients (9.8 ± 1.2 mg/kg/min) was significantly higher than that of the normoglycemic controls (6.9 ± 1.0 mg/kg/min) (p<.05). The mean glucose infusion rate of the hyperglycemic ICH patients (7.6 ± 0.5 mg/kg/min) was not significantly different from that of the normoglycemic ICH patients (8.2 ± 1.9 mg/kg/min). Glucose intolerance was not related to the site of ICH found at autopsy. We conclude that sudden glucose intolerance in a premature infant may be a sign of massive intracranial hemorrhage.
MO‐E‐AUD A‐03: Radiation Treatment Planning: A View From Optimization

This talk will give a brief overview of the field of operations research (OR), and the models and tools that it can provide for radiation treatment planning. Some recent developments within OR and some future directions for the field will be outlined that have relevance for treatment planning.
Information and Communication Technologies for Development

ICTD has become a truly global undertaking, bringing together north and south, rich and poor, rural and urban, researcher and practitioner, technologist and social scientist—all striving to work toward a better life for the least privileged.
Chitin synthesis in vitro by crustacean enzymes

Abstract 1. 1. A chitin synthesis in subcellular particles from crustaceans tissues incorporates C14 from uridine diphosphate acetyl-C14-glucosamine into chitin. 2. 2. C14 acetylglucosamine is released from the product on digestion with a chitinase. 3. 3. The enzyme is most active in the presence of 0·4 M NaCl and with chitodextrins added as primer.
The crystal structure and thermal history of orthopyroxene from lunar anorthosite 15415

Abstract A single crystal of untwinned orthopyroxene from lunar anorthosite sample 15415, with composition (Mg1.14Fe0.80Mn0.02Ca0.04)(Si1.97Al0.03)O6, has a unit cell in space groupPbca witha = 18.310(15)A,b = 8.904(10)A,c = 5.214(7)A, containing 2 formula units. A set of 742 counter-measured intensity data made with MoKα radiation has been used to refine the crystal structure in isotropic thermal mode toR = 0.116. Anisotropic refinement led toR = 0.092, but thermal parameters are distorted by non-random errors resulting from poor crystal texture. The resulting structure is in close agreement with that obtained by Ghose [9] for a hypersthene from Greenland. A parameterq, which gives (MgqFe1−q) for cation siteM(1) and (Mg1.14−qFeq−0.18Ca0.04) for siteM(2), was included in the least-squares analysis, yieldingq = 0.90(1). This orthopyroxene has the high degree of cation order expected of pyroxenes subjected to Apollonian metamorphism at lower than 500–600°C. No evidence exists for a subsequent thermal event of sufficient intensity to disorder the pyroxene. On the basis of previous laboratory studies of argon-release patterns of lunar plagioclase and order-disorder kinetics of terrestrial pyroxenes, we attribute the reported isotopic age (3.9–4.1 AE) to cessation of metamorphism, perhaps caused by impact excavation.
Explanations for Greater Light Interception in Narrow‐ vs. Wide‐Row

Increased light interception (LI) is considered the main factor responsive for greater seed yield in narrow- compared with wide-row soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] culture. The objectives of this study were to determine the role of leaf area index (LAI) and light interception efficiency (LIE) in creating greater LI in narrow-now culture(.)
Evidence for a protein-protein complex during iron loading into ferritin by ceruloplasmin.

Abstract The formation of a protein–protein complex for the loading of iron into ferritin by ceruloplasmin was investigated. Ferritin stimulated the ferroxidase activity of ceruloplasmin unless the ferritin was fully loaded, in which case it inhibited the ferroxidase activity of ceruloplasmin. The apparent association constant for the interaction of ferritin and ceruloplasmin was 24 nM. Isothermal titration calorimetry indicated that the interaction of ceruloplasmin and ferritin was endothermic, driven by positive changes in entropy. The association constants for complex formation between ferritin and ceruloplasmin were 4.5 ± 0.7 × 10 5 and 9.5 ± 0.3 × 10 4 M −1 for the reduced and oxidized forms of ceruloplasmin, respectively. The oxidized form of ceruloplasmin was retained on an affinity column with ferritin immobilized as the ligand and remained bound to the column with mobile phases of increased hydrophobicity, but was eluted with increased ionic strength. The ability of ceruloplasmin to remain bound to the affinity resin was affected by the species from which ceruloplasmin was isolated. Gradient ultracentrifugation also provided evidence that the two proteins were associated, since ferritin promoted migration of ceruloplasmin through the gradient. Including ferrous iron in the gradient resulted in reduction of ceruloplasmin and increased the mobility of ceruloplasmin with ferritin. These data provide evidence that ferritin and ceruloplasmin form a protein–protein complex during iron loading into ferritin, which may limit redox cycling of iron in vivo.