cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of forced periodic operations of continuous bioprocesses—single input variations

Continuous bioprocesses subject to time-invariant feed conditions are attractive due to ease of operation and control. Nonlinearities in kinetics of bioprocesses provide an opportunity to possibly improve the time-average performance of these by periodic forcing of feed conditions. This possibility is investigated in this article for cycling of dilution rate or feed concentration of the limiting substrate using the generalized π-criterion. The analysis is facilitated by appropriate classification of continuous bioprocesses depending on the relations among the kinetics of cell growth, utilization of the limiting substrate, and synthesis of the desired non-biomass product. Very low-frequency periodic operations around the optimal steady state, if admissible, are proven to be non-optimal. Conditions for properness of periodic control and expressions for optimum cycling frequency are obtained analytically and frequency domains where periodic control is proper are identified. The π-criterion is also employed to investigate if forced periodic operation may enable cell retention in continuous cultures under conditions where cell washout is the only admissible steady state. Multiplicity and stability characteristics of steady states are examined for few specific examples and portions of the operating parameter space where periodic operations involving weak variations in dilution rate or feed concentration of the limiting substrate are superior vis-a-vis continuous cultures operated at a stable non-trivial steady state are identified for each example.
Visual display recognition and the duplication of inspection sequences

In a test of Noton and Stark’s 11971) contention that visual display recognition depends upon the duplication of the fixation sequence initially used in viewing the display, recognition performance and reaction times were recorded for six subjects in a visual recognition task. The task involved initial sequential presentation of elements of a display followed by presentation of a recognition probe that either did or did not duplicate the initial presentation sequence. Either performance or reaction times, or both, suffered when the initial presentation sequence was not duplicated, lending some support to Noton and Stark’s position. However, these differences were less pronounced when the recognition probe was displayed for a longer time, indicating that non-sequence-dependent processes may become increasingly important at longer viewing times.
Technology shocks and the business cycle: On empirical investigation

Abstract This paper uses maximum likelihood to estimate a prototypical real business cycle model under several different assumptions regarding the stochastic process governing technological change. The estimation approach permits the use of formal statistical hypothesis tests to help discriminate between competing specifications; the approach also allows each specification to be evaluated based on its ability to generate accurate out-of-sample forecasts. Overall, the results indicate that the data prefer a version of the model in which technology shocks are extremely persistent but still trend stationary.
Target effects during penetrator emplacement: heating, triboelectric charging, and mechanical disruption

Abstract The violent emplacement of penetrators has effects on the target material which, while largely ignored to date, may be quite significant in the interpretation of scientific data returned from penetrators or may even cause system failures. These effects, for which we offer preliminary quantification, include heating of the target material, largely but not exclusively by frictional heating along the walls of the penetrator, the development of triboelectric charge, and the mechanical compaction, comminution and fracturing of the target material. The sparse and often difficult-to-obtain literature on these processes is summarized, and some unique preliminary experiments conducted in support of the NASA DS-2 Mars Microprobe mission are reported. We urge future spacecraft penetrator projects to pay attention to these interesting and important phenomena.
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide-induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and T cell responses are unaffected by immunoproteasome deficiency

The inoculation of MOG peptides into C57BL/6 mice induces CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and recent work has shown that adoptive transfer of the latter population, after extensive in vitro stimulation, can cause EAE in naive recipient mice. Herein, we have evaluated the incidence and severity of EAE, and the induction of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, following MOG peptide inoculation of wt mice and of LMP-2KO mice that lack an intact immunoproteasome, a cytoplasmic organelle that is induced by chronic inflammation and that may be important for the presentation of MHC class I epitopes to CD8(+) T cells. We report that EAE, evaluated by both clinical and histological criteria, is similar in LMP-2KO mice and wildtype C57B/6 mice (wt) in response to immunization with MOG peptides MOG(35-55) and MOG(40-54), suggesting that the immunoproteasome does not play a key role in the development of demyelinating disease. Furthermore, and consistent with previous reports, peptide-specific CD8(+) T cells were barely detectable in the CNS of peptide-immunized mice, although peptide-specific CD4(+) T cells were abundant. Therefore, we used a new technique to look for autoreactive CD8(+) T cells in MOG peptide-immunized mice, and we report the identification of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells that, as late as 19 days after peptide injection, are actively producing IFNgamma in vivo, in response to in vivo antigen contact.
Partial matching in the Moses illusion: Response bias not sensitivity

Previous research has demonstrated that people have enormous difficulty in detecting distortions in such questions as, “How many animals of each kind did Moses take in the Ark?” Reder and Kusbit (1991) argued that the locus of the effect must be the existence of a partial-match process. Other research has suggested that this partial-match process operates at the word level and that, with adequate focus on the relevant word, the Moses illusion is greatly diminished. The present experimental results argue that those conclusions were based on a shift in response criterion with no concomitant change in ability to detect distortions. Furthermore, the data suggest that the matching process operates below the word level, at the level of distinctive features.
Glial and glutamatergic markers in depression, alcoholism, and their comorbidity

Background Alteration of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) may contribute to the pathophysiology of alcoholism and major depressive disorder (MDD). Among glial cells, astrocytes are mostly responsible for recycling synaptic glutamate by uptake through excitatory amino acid transporters 1 and 2 (EAAT1 and EAAT2), and conversion to glutamine with glutamine synthetase (GS). Low density of astrocytes in the PFC of “uncomplicated’ alcoholics and MDD subjects may parallel altered glutamate transporters and GS in the PFC.
Localization of the dopamine uptake complex using [3H]N-[1-(2-benzo(b)thiophenyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine ([3H]BTCP) in rat brain.

Abstract [3H]N-[1-(2-Benzo(b)thiophenyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine ([3H]BTCP) is a novel phencyclidine derivative with considerable selectivity for dopamine uptake sites. [3H]BTCP was used to label dopamine uptake sites in vitro, in rat brain, and the regions containing these sites were visualized with an autoradiographic technique. The binding was found to be highest in the striatum, where > 90% of binding was specific. Furthermore, 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway obliterated striatal [3H]BTCP binding ipsilaterally, whereas ibotenic acid injection into the caudate-putamen failed to significantly reduce [3H]BTCP binding in that structure. These results indicate that [3H]BTCP labels dopamine uptake sites in mammalian brain and that it can be employed for autoradiographic studies of this transport complex.
Periodic dielectric waveguides

Abstract Dielectric waveguides having periodically corrugated surfaces are analyzed. The analysis shows that scattering occurs when the periodicity is greater than half the free space wavelength.Gap widths are calculated and dispersion diagrams are given. The results are applied to the design of band pass filters and phase-matching devices.
Incomes Policy During Stabilization: A Review and Lessons from Bulgaria and Romania

This paper analyzes the design, coverage, implementation and enforcement of incomes policy in two transitional economies: Bulgaria and Romania. Lessons drawn from Bulgarian and Romanian experiences might also be relevant for other countries which are currently in the process of formulating and initiating their stabilization programs.
Framing Flu Prevention—An Experimental Field Test of Signs Promoting Hand Hygiene During the 2009-2010 H1N1 Pandemic

Objective: During the 20092010 H1N1 flu pandemic, many institutions installed alcohol-based handsanitizer dispensers in public settings in an effort to prevent the spread of the virus. Yet, usage of thesedispensers remained low. Method: Point-of-use reminder signs were designed to emphasize fourtheoretically grounded health beliefs: perceived susceptibility, social norms, consequences of the behav-ior framed as gains, and consequences of the behavior framed as losses. From October 2009 to March2010, 58 sanitizer dispensers in public buildings were randomly assigned to have one of the four signsplaced next to it, and dispenser usage was continually monitored. Results: All signs were associated withgreater sanitizer usage compared to no sign. The gain-framed sign was associated with greatest usage(66% over no sign). Signs emphasizing susceptibility to H1N1 were associated with the lowest usage(41% over no sign). Although usage declined over time and closely mirrored trends in public interestabout H1N1, the influence of the signs was not dependent on degree of public interest. Conclusion: Thisexperimental field study shows how simple, theoretically grounded signs can serve as cues to action inpromoting the adoption of preventive behaviors. Gain-framed signage is particularly effective inpromoting hand hygiene in a flu pandemic.Keywords: message framing, gain/loss framing, hand washing, health behavior, H1N1Supplemental materials: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0023125.supp
Reply to Commentaries: Lepecki, Hartman, and Guralnik

This reply to commentaries by Lepecki, Hartman, and Guralnik focuses on assisted reproductive technology (ART) in its cultural surround, raising questions about subjectivity, normativity, embodiment, and transmissions of meaning.
Defining Problems That Call for Innovation

Les compte rendus de gestion d'une entreprise, ne peuvent etre compares, en tant que documents ecrits, aux appels d'offre qui concernent la politique d'innovation de l'entreprise. Ce dernier type de document demande une conception strategique de la redaction technique. Les elements rhetoriques intervenant dans differents types de documents sont examines
Chorioretinitis and Recurrent Hemorrhages Into Retina and Vitreous from Multiple Focal Infection

A man, aged 29, had suffered eight years before with chorioretinitis and hemorrhage. Later uveitis clearing up after extraction of infected teeth; chorioretinitis and hemorrhage after acute tonsillitis; repeated hemorrhages that ceased after a partial sinus operation and strabismus that subsided spontaneously. Read before Eye and Ear Section Los Angeles County Medical Society, October 4, 1926.
The Effectiveness of Supermarket Posters in Helping to Find Missing Children

One approach used to help find missing children is to place posters of them at the exits of supermarkets. The present research addresses the question of how effective that approach is likely to be. Posters of 8 missing children were displayed on a bulletin board at a cooperating grocery store. Customers leaving the store completed a survey and took a recognition memory test for the children. Most customers thought the problem of missing children was an important issue. However, the majority of customers also reported either not looking at the posters or only briefly looking at the posters. Recognition memory for children depicted in the posters did not reliably differ from chance. It appears that there is much room for improvement when it comes to increasing the attention paid to posters meant to help find missing children.
Molecular devices formed by direct monolayer attachment to silicon

Abstract We present the results of studies of solution-based attachment of long-chain aliphatic molecules to hydrogen-terminated Si〈1 1 1〉 surfaces formed to determine the electrical properties of hybrid silicon-molecular nanoelectronic devices. We have applied an improved solution-based method for the direct attachment of organic molecules to Si. In this method, ultraviolet radiation is used to assist the covalent attachment of alcohols to the hydrogen-terminated Si〈1 1 1〉 surface to successfully form molecular monolayers. To determine the quality of these organic monolayers, they were physically and chemically characterized with infrared spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and contact angle measurements. The electrical properties of these organic films were probed by using current–voltage ( IV ) and capacitance voltage ( CV ) measurements obtained from a metal-organic-silicon test structure fabricated by post-monolayer metal deposition. Devices containing monolayers of differing chain length have been studied, and the expected decrease in accumulation capacitance with longer molecules (which form thicker films) was observed. The measured CV 's are in agreement with traditional theory for a metal–insulator–semiconductor capacitor.
A synthetic biochemistry system for the in vitro production of isoprene from glycolysis intermediates

The high yields required for the economical production of chemicals and fuels using microbes can be difficult to achieve due to the complexities of cellular metabolism. An alternative to performing biochemical transformations in microbes is to build biochemical pathways in vitro, an approach we call synthetic biochemistry. Here we test whether the full mevalonate pathway can be reconstituted in vitro and used to produce the commodity chemical isoprene. We construct an in vitro synthetic biochemical pathway that uses the carbon and ATP produced from the glycolysis intermediate phosphoenolpyruvate to run the mevalonate pathway. The system involves 12 enzymes to perform the complex transformation, while providing and balancing the ATP, NADPH, and acetyl-CoA cofactors. The optimized system produces isoprene from phosphoenolpyruvate in ∼100% molar yield. Thus, by inserting the isoprene pathway into previously developed glycolysis modules it may be possible to produce isoprene and other acetyl-CoA derived isoprenoids from glucose in vitro.
Association between obesity, metabolic risks and serum osteocalcin level in postmenopausal women

Background: Osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation, is also known as a regulator of glucose and fat mass. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between obesity, metabolic risks and serum osteocalcin in postmenopausal women. Methods: We selected 214 postmenopausal women and determined serum osteocalcin, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile, and anthropometric values (body mass index [BMI], waist-to-hip ratio [WHR], body fat, and visceral fat area [VFA]). Results: After adjustment for age and years since menopause, WHR and VFA were negatively correlated with serum osteocalcin, but BMI did not show a significant correlation. Serum osteocalcin was negatively correlated with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR, but FPG, lipid profile, and blood pressure did not show a significant correlation. Based on multiple regression analysis, age and HOMA-IR were the most im...
Brave New World: the epistatic foundations of natives adapting to invaders

Classical examples indicated rapid evolution to be both rare and largely anthropogenic. As the pace and scale of human disturbance increase, such evolution is becoming more the norm. Genetically based adaptation may underlie successful biological invasions, and may likewise characterize responses in natives to invasives. Recent published studies confirm that natives are adapting morphologically, behaviorally, physiologically and life historically to selection from invasive species. Some of the processes involved are evident in our studies of recent host shifts to invasive plants by native soapberry bugs in North America and Australia. On both continents populations have differentiated extensively in fitness traits. Genetic architecture of these adaptations involves a surprising degree of non-additive variation (epistasis, dominance), a result that in theory may reflect a history of colonization by a small number of individuals followed by population growth. Such “founder-flush” events may unleash extraordinary evolutionary potential, and their importance will be clarified as more studies take advantage of the accidental perturbation experiments that biotic invasions represent. From a conservation standpoint, rapid evolution in natives will present challenges for ecologically appropriate and sustainable management, but at the same time may enhance the capacity of the native community to act in the biological control of invasive species.
The Louis d'Or

Probably most Americans who read Dumas' immortal Three Musketeers and its sequels have no clear idea of the coins in question when the great novelist writes of pistoles and louis d'or . And though the louis d'or was coined for only about a century and a half, it has left, thanks to a fortunate combination of circumstances, a lasting mark in history.
Asset-specific bayesian diagnostics in mixed contexts

In this paper we build upon previous work to examine the efficacy of blending probabilities in asset-specific classifiers to improve diagnostic accuracy for a fleet of assets. In previous work we also introduced the idea of using split probabilities. We add environmental differentiation to asset differentiation in the experiments and assume that data is acquired in the context of online health monitoring. We hypothesize that overall diagnostic accuracy will be increased with the blending approach relative to the single aggregate classifier or split probability asset-specific classifiers. The hypothesis is largely supported by the results. Future work will concentrate on improving the blending mechanism and working with small data sets.
The Little Ice Age and the Jews: Environmental History and the Mercurial Nature of Jewish– Christian Relations in Early Modern Germany

Scholars have frequently portrayed early modern German Jewish history as underresearched and fragmentary, with an underdeveloped pool of historical sources. Even the very productive historian Stefan Rohrbacher, for example, has rued that “[t]he early modern period numbers among the till now very little researched epochs in the history of the Jews in Germany. It has recently received increased attention from historians, however, this interest is distributed very unevenly in the various areas and aspects of Jewish life.”
Injuries to avian researchers at Palmer Station, Antarctica from penguins, giant petrels, and skuas.

This paper describes 5 cases of injury to seabird researchers between 1996 and 1999 at Palmer Station, Antarctica. The injuries were inflicted by 3 seabird species: the Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) ; the southern giant petrel (Macronectes giganteus) ; and the brown skua {Catharacta lonnbergi). All injured parties were biologic researchers with previous field experience working under National Science Foundation research grants; all sought medical evaluation and treatment voluntarily. The nature and frequency of such injuries seems not to have been greatly reported in the medical literature. Although these cases were largely soft tissue injuries that healed without serious complications, the possibility of exotic infections is considered. We have dubbed this constellation of injuries AVES (Antarctic Vogel [German for bird] Encounter Syndrome).
FUNCTIONAL EQUATIONS IN THE THEORY OF DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING: II: NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Abstract : The study of dynamic programming processes of continuous type gives rise to functional equations of the form dx/dt = Max/q f (x,t;q). In this paper we present a summary of some basic results concerning the existence and uniqueness of solutions of this equation. Detailed results will appear subsequently.
Acceptance of the 2003 F. W. Clarke Award

Thank you, Ed, for your kind words and moreover for all the air travel hours that you endured specifically to come here and say them. But don’t fly home just yet because I’ll be thanking you more shortly. Thank you also to the Clarke medal committee and the Geochemical Society for this wonderful honor.
Process-oriented guided-inquiry learning in an introductory anatomy and physiology course with a diverse student population

Process-oriented guided-inquiry learning (POGIL), a pedagogical technique initially developed for college chemistry courses, has been implemented for 2 yr in a freshman-level anatomy and physiology course at a small private college. The course is populated with students with backgrounds ranging from no previous college-level science to junior and senior biology, biochemistry, and forensic science majors. Fifty percent of the lectures in the course were replaced with POGIL activities, performed in class by students working collaboratively in small groups. The introduction of POGIL pedagogy into the second half of a two-semester anatomy and physiology course significantly improved student performance on summative evaluations. Overall course scores increased from a mean score of 76% to 89% in the three semesters after POGIL was introduced. Performance on the same multiple-choice final exam rose from a mean of 68% to 88% over the same time period. Most significantly, the rate of students earning a D or F in the course was halved in the first two semesters after POGIL was introduced and was 0% in the third semester. Student satisfaction with the method was high, and most students perceived the value of this form of instruction.
Progress in paediatric electronic prescribing: good, better, best

As a physician trainee, I used several different electronic health records at different institutions. In an e-prescribing training environment, I once wrote an electronic order for a large overdose of digoxin for a neonatal test patient. I was disturbed to find that the electronic prescribing system printed that order without any warnings or alerts because it fit within the normal adult dosing limits for the medication. For special patient populations, such as children, electronic health records, particularly prescribing systems, require special features.1 Children have higher rates of potentially dangerous medication errors than adult patients, due to the complexity of paediatric medication ordering with individualised weight-based dosing.2 Electronic prescribing systems designed for adult patients may not contain the paediatric decision support needed to prevent paediatric medication errors or may even cause new paediatric errors to occur. The Jani et al paper ( see page 337 ) raises several important issues regarding the effect of electronic prescribing on paediatric dosing errors.3 Prominent among them are: first, the role of clinician decision support in electronic prescribing; …
ENSEMBLE-BASED DATA ASSIMILATION

In final form 8 January 2007 ©2007 American Meteorological Society nsemble-based data assimilation is a collection of f lexible-state estimation techniques that use ensemble forecasts to estimate flow-dependent background error covariance or other probabilistic aspects of the background forecast. The b est-known form of ensemble-based assimilation is the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and its variant; a concise introduction to the EnKF can be found in Snyder and Zhang (2003), and Evensen (2003) and Hamill (2006) provide the most recent review. At this 2.5-day workshop, more than 40 participants from seven universities, the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) discussed recent progress and emerging trends in ensemble-based data assimilation. This was a follow up to an informal workshop with more than 20 participants held at NCAR in September 2003. Both workshops were motivated by the rapid development and growth of research in this area. For example, the total number of publications with “ensemble Kalman filter” in the title or abstract has grown from 1 paper each year in 1996 and 1997 to 10 papers in 2001, and then to 40 papers for the first 8 months of 2006 [according to the Science Citation Index (SCI)]. This growth was reflected at the workshop, where presentations covered a variety of applications from convective to global scales and employed numerous different forecast models. Perhaps most striking was that all of the research was carried out by individual investigators, postdoctoral scientists, and graduate students rather than by the large teams more common in data assimilation research. Regardless of whether its operational use continues to expand, we believe ensemble-based assimilation already allows the research community new access to a wide variety of assimilation problems. In addition to the workshop summary we provide here, a detailed workshop agenda and all presentations are available online at www.met.tamu.edu/ people/faculty/fzhang/EnDA2006/.
Software Process for Rapid Development of HPC Software Using CMake

We are developing and extending the CMake family of software development tools (www.cmake.org) for use in the Mobile Network Institute and the Multi-Scale Reactive Modeling Institute. These tools are used to build, test, and package C/C++ and FORTRAN software in a cross platform manner. By using CMake, a software project can be built just as easily on a Windows PC as on a Cray XT5 super computer. In addition, CMake’s CTest facility can test and then populate the testing dashboard CDash (www.cdash.org), which is a web-based tool used to monitor and display the “health” of a software system. In combination with CTest, CDash provides a continuous integration testing system. Finally, CPack can be used to package and deploy software across multiple computing platforms. This paper will describe these tools, how they are used in the software process, and provide specific application of their usage in support of Multi-Scale Reactive Modeling (MSRM) and the Mobile Network Modeling (MNM) High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute. The tools described in this paper are open source and available to any high performance computing (HPC) project. The paper will provide a high level overview of the CMake tools with enough specifics to enable any HPC development effort to begin working with them. We will also describe how these tools and the associated software process provide the computational infrastructure required to rapidly develop next generation HPC software.
Integration of fluidically self-assembled optoelectronic devices using a silicon-based process

Fluidic self-assembly (FSA) is a technique for efficient wafer-scale placement of large numbers of small or microscopic devices into receptor sites etched in a substrate. This paper reports the first complete planar process for integrating optoelectronic devices on a silicon wafer using fluidic self-assembly. Methods for bonding the devices into the receptor sites and subsequently contacting, planarizing, and interconnecting them are outlined. >
Potentiation of cytotoxicity of 5-thio-D-glucose on hypoxic cells by hyperthermia.

Abstract The combined effects of hyperthermia and 5-thio-D-glucose on cell survival was studied in vitro . 5-Thio-Dglucose was selectively cytotoxic to hypoxic mastocytoma P815-X2 cells of DBAJ2J mice and Chinese hamster V79–171b cells and the selective cytotoxicity was potentiated by mild hyperthermia at 40–42°C. We conclude therefore that it may be possible to eliminate the radioresistant hypoxic cells in tumors by proper combination of 5-thio-D-glucose and hyperthermia with minimal damage to oxic normal tissues.
Perfluorocarbon compounds as vehicles for pulmonary drug delivery.

Drug delivery to the diseased lung is hindered by the buildup of fluid and shunting of blood flow away from the site of injury. The use of perfluorocarbon compounds (PFCs) as drug delivery vehicles has been proposed to overcome these obstacles. This drug delivery approach is based on the unique properties of PFCs. For example, PFCs can homogeneously fill the lung and recruit airways by replacing edematous fluid. Analogously, drugs administered with a PFC vehicle are expected to be homogeneously distributed throughout the lung. At the same time, intrapulmonary administration of the drug will achieve higher drug concentrations in the lung than conventional approaches, while reducing systemic exposure. Unfortunately, PFCs are poor solvents for typical drug molecules. To overcome this obstacle, several approaches, such as dispersions, prodrugs, solubilizing agents and (micro)emulsions, are under investigation to develop homogeneous PFC–drug mixtures suitable for intrapulmonary administration.
Three-Dimensional Effects in Modeling of Dual-Mode Scramjets

A numerical investigation of an experimental dual-mode scramjet configuration is performed. Both experimental and numerical results indicate significant upstream interaction for this case. Several computational cases are examined: these include the use of jet-to-jet symmetry and entire half-duct modeling. Grid convergence, turbulence modeling, and wall temperature effects are studied in terms of wall pressure predictions and flow-field characteristics. Wall pressure comparisons between CFD and experiment show fair agreement for the jet-to-jet case. However, further computations of the entire half-duct show the development of a large sidewall separation zone extending much further upstream than the separation zone at the duct centerline. This sidewall separation is the dominant feature in the CFD-generated flowfield but is not evident in the experimental data, resulting in a unfavorable comparison between CFD and experimental data. Current work aimed at resolving this issue and at further understanding asymmetric flow-structures in dual-mode flow-fields is discussed.
Habinek, T. (2005) The World of Roman Song. From Ritualized Speech to Social Order

Resena de HABINEK, T. (2005) The World of Roman Song. From Ritualized Speech to Social Order . Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 329 pp. ISBN: 0‐8018‐8105‐6.
Efficacy of Teachers Training Paraprofessionals to Implement Peer Support Arrangements

Although peer support arrangements are a promising strategy to promote inclusion in general education classrooms, previous studies have not addressed how paraprofessionals might implement this strategy under typical circumstances without extensive researcher involvement. In this single-case design study, four special education teachers trained and supported four paraprofessionals to implement peer support arrangements through delivery of a professional development package consisting of an initial orientation, video modeling, and brief coaching with performance feedback. Teachers implemented the professional development accurately, paraprofessionals implemented peer support arrangements with fidelity, and three of the four middle school students with severe disabilities increased their social interactions with peers while maintaining previous levels of academic engagement. These findings suggest a possible avenue for equipping paraprofessionals to implement peer support arrangements. Recommendations for pr...
Bioinspired Omniphobic Coatings with a Thermal Self-Repair Function on Industrial Materials

Inspired by the wax regeneration ability of plant leaves and the slippery surfaces of the Nepenthes pitcher plants, we have developed a new form of cross-species bioinspired slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (X-SLIPS) that can self-repair under thermal stimulation even under large-area physical and chemical damage. The performance and underlying mechanism of the thermal-healing property has been studied and characterized in detail. These thermally self-healing omniphobic coatings can be applied to a broad range of metals, plastics, glass, and ceramics of various shapes and show excellent repellency toward aqueous and organic liquids.
A Bibliographical Introduction of Shingen's Ojo uragaki _??__??__??__??_ in the Kanazawa-bunko Museum

The text of the Ojo uragaki _??__??__??__??_ is owned by the Kanagawa Prefectural Kanazawa-bunko Museum. This is a fragmentary version consisting of 14 sheets and lacking the introductory and final parts. “Ojo uragaki _??__??__??__??_” apparently was a provisional title. The formal title of the work is unknown. However, I compared it with the Ojo yoshu uragaki _??__??__??__??__??__??_ version in the Shimpuku-temple _??__??__??_, and my conclusion is that they are almost identical texts and that the original title was “Ojo yoshu uragaki _??__??__??__??__??__??_”.The Ojo yoshu uragaki _??__??__??__??__??__??_ is an an annotation of the Ojo yoshu _??__??__??__??_ by Shingen _??__??_ (1064-1136). The work actually represents an investigation into the textual sources of the Ojo yoshu _??__??__??__??_.I compared the Kanazawa-bunko version of the Ojo yoshu uragaki with the Shimpuku-ji version, and the characteristics of the former became clear: 1) Judging from the number of its Chinese characters, the Kanazawa-bunko version represents a third of the Shimpuku-ji text. 2) The sheets in the Kanazawa-bunko version are not arranged in the correct order. 3) The missing introductory part amounts to about 3 sheets.The Ojo yoshu uragaki _??__??__??__??__??__??_ has been so far known only in its Shimpuku-ji version. The discovery of the Kanazawa-bunko version makes it possible to collate the two texts and opens the way for a critical edition. I hope that my diplomatic edition and study will contribute to this.
Analogy, Induction and Other Minds

Plantinga and Slote find nothing prima facie wrong with gathering all the evidence for the premise of (A) from one's own case. Although they disagree about the argument's strength, they both believe that if the argument fails, it fails for other, more rarified, reasons. It is here that they go astray. In an enumerative induction, one argues from having found a number of P's to be oQ's to the conclusion that probably all P's are O's. Such an argument will be a weak one if the observations are confined to a relatively small number of P's or, even worse, to only one P. It is a fallacy to suppose that repeatedly observing a single P is a satisfactory substitute for examining a number of different P's. Such repeated observations may support a generalization about that
Prospective Associations between Emotion Dysregulation and Fear-Potentiated Startle: The Moderating Effect of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia.

Background: Emotion dysregulation has been implicated in the negative outcomes following trauma exposure. A proposed biomarker of emotion dysregulation, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), has demonstrated associations with trauma-related phenomena, such as the fear-potentiated startle (FPS) response. The current study aimed to examine the prospective association between emotion dysregulation and RSA and FPS several years following trauma exposure. Methods: Participants were 131 women exposed to a campus mass shooting on February 14, 2008. Pre-shooting emotion dysregulation was assessed in 2006-2008. Startle response, measured by orbicularis oculi electromyography (EMG), and RSA were gathered during an FPS paradigm conducted from 2012-2015. Results: No significant associations among emotion dysregulation, RSA, and FPS emerged among the full sample. However, emotion dysregulation predicted FPS during both acquisition ( = .54, p = .03) and extinction ( = .75, p <.01), but only among individuals with high resting RSA. Conclusions: Findings suggest that pre-shooting emotion dysregulation is a potent predictor of FPS several years following potential trauma exposure, and this association varies by RSA level. Results emphasize the importance of examining autonomic regulation in the association between emotion dysregulation and recovery from trauma exposure.
Inequity Responses in Nonhuman Animals

Aversion to inequity is a universal human trait, but recent evidence in other primate and nonprimate species suggests that humans are not the only species to respond negatively to unequal outcomes. Although only about a dozen species have been tested thus far, the emerging phylogenetic patterns help us to understand the evolution of responses to inequity. Negative responses to inequity are not universal, even among the primates, nor are they based upon social tolerance, social group size, or brain size. Instead, what we see is that all of the species that respond to inequity habitually cooperate with nonkin in various contexts, including food sharing, cooperative hunting, coalitions, and alliances. This indicates that inequity responses emerged in conjunction with cooperation. Their likely function is to compare one’s own effort and payoff with that of a partner, and therefore help individuals determine the value of a cooperative partner. In other words, negative reactions to inequity may stabilize cooperation by helping individuals recognize when a cooperative partner is getting more than their “fair share,” which is a cue that it may be time to find a new, more equitable, partner. These negative responses to inequity do not necessarily involve rational or even conscious decision-making, suggesting that they are widespread among animals that cooperate. We end by speculating what these data mean for our understanding of the evolution of fairness in humans, and what this says about the human sense of morality.
Left ventricular energetics in closed-chest dogs.

Studies of ventricular energetics using the relation between myocardial O2 consumption (MVO2) and pressure-volume area (PVA) have been performed extensively in the isolated heart, but not in the intact animal. We characterized the MVO2-PVA relation and its response to heart rate (HR) in eight closed-chest dogs instrumented with high-fidelity micromanometers, piezoelectric crystals, coronary flow probes, and coronary sinus oximetric catheters. The effect of dobutamine was studied in five dogs. MVO2 is linearly related to PVA with lower MVO2 required for the generation of smaller PVAs. Baseline contractile efficiency (EFF) was 25.6 +/- 2.8%. High pacing rates reduced EFF (25.7 +/- 3.2% at a HR of 107 +/- 3 beats/min vs. 16.3 +/- 2.4% at a HR of 194 +/- 5 beats/min, P < 0.0167) and load-independent MVO2 per beat (0.562 +/- 0.119 vs. 0.377 +/- 0.074 J.beat-1 x 100 g LV-1, P < 0.0167) while increasing end-systolic elastance (Ees) (9.4 +/- 1.3 vs. 18.6 +/- 3.1 mmHg/ml, P < 0.0167). Dobutamine administration inc...
SU-F-T-312: Identifying Distinct Radiation Therapy Plan Classes Through Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Plan Complexity Metrics

Purpose: To determine whether body site-specific treatment plans form unique “plan class” clusters in a multi-dimensional analysis of plan complexity metrics such that a single beam quality correction determined for a representative plan could be universally applied within the “plan class”, thereby increasing the dosimetric accuracy of a detector's response within a subset of similarly modulated nonstandard deliveries. Methods: We collected 95 clinical volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans from four body sites (brain, lung, prostate, and spine). The lung data was further subdivided into SBRT and non-SBRT data for a total of five plan classes. For each control point in each plan, a variety of aperture-based complexity metrics were calculated and stored as unique characteristics of each patient plan. A multiple comparison of means analysis was performed such that every plan class was compared to every other plan class for every complexity metric in order to determine which groups could be considered different from one another. Statistical significance was assessed after correcting for multiple hypothesis testing. Results: Six out of a possible 10 pairwise plan class comparisons were uniquely distinguished based on at least nine out of 14 of the proposed metrics (Brain/Lung, Brain/SBRT lung, Lung/Prostate, Lung/SBRT Lung, Lung/Spine, Prostate/SBRT Lung). Eight out of 14 of the complexity metrics could distinguish at least six out of the possible 10 pairwise plan class comparisons. Conclusion: Aperture-based complexity metrics could prove to be useful tools to quantitatively describe a distinct class of treatment plans. Certain plan-averaged complexity metrics could be considered unique characteristics of a particular plan. A new approach to generating plan-class specific reference (pcsr) fields could be established through a targeted preservation of select complexity metrics or a clustering algorithm that identifies plans exhibiting similar modulation characteristics. Measurements and simulations will better elucidate potential plan-class specific dosimetry correction factors.
Learning is the key twenty-first century skill

ABSTRACTWhy are some people more effective learners than others? Despite the centrality of learning to life success, solid, comprehensive answers to this question do not yet exist. Global ability constructs do not provide adequate answers, and the case is made here for the need to go beyond them to closely examine the learning process itself and the multiple skills and dispositions that contribute to it. Only equipped with such knowledge can we understand individual differences in learning and be able to use this understanding to help all students become better learners.
Odor Learning and Odor Memory in the Rat

For many years it was believed that olfaction played an important role in species-specific but not learned or cognitive behaviors. This view was based largely on the fact that the modality was phylogenetically old, that it appeared to project only to primitive (limbic) parts of the brain, and that olfactory bulbectomy produced profound deficits in reproductive and other social behaviors in macrosmatic species. However, beginning in 1965, the results of both anatomical and behavioral studies forced investigators to reevaluate this position. The initial report of olfactory cortical projections to the thalamus [1] was somewhat surprising because these projections extended to components of the mediodorsal and submedial nuclei, nuclei that projected to prefrontal cortex. Subsequent anatomical studies revealed more clearly the full range of projections from the olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex. Currently, it is clear that olfactory information projects to two well-defined areas of the forebrain that are known to be involved in learning and memory: the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system (amygdala, entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus). Interestingly, among sensory systems olfaction appears to have the most direct access to these forebrain areas.
Current Status of Gene Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Disease

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common lethal genetic disorder that affects all ethnic populations; however, it is most prevalent in Caucasians. Intensive basic research over the last 20 years has resulted in a wealth of information regarding the CF gene, its protein product and the mutational basis of disease. This increased understanding has lead to the development of gene therapy for the treatment of CF pulmonary disease. Delivery of the CF gene to the airway requires direct in vivo transfer using vectors encoding for normal CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein. Several vectors are currently available for CF gene transfer and include both viral (adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses) and non-viral (liposomal) systems. Initial clinical trials with each of these vectors have demonstrated that gene transfer to the CF airway is possible. The efficiency of transfer and duration of expression, however, have been limited. The effects of gene transfer on correction of the basic ion transport defects have also been highly variable and inconsistent, irrespective of the vector. Currently, the risk of severe immunological reactions is the primary factor limiting the clinical advancement of gene therapy. Both the adenoviral and liposomal vectors are associated with significant acute inflammatory reactions. The adenoviruses and adeno-associated viruses also elicit humoral immune responses that significantly reduce the efficiency of transgene expression and increase the risk of readministration. Several strategies are under investigation to improve the efficiency of gene transfer to the CF airway. These include overcoming local barriers in the lung, circumventing the immune response and improving vector internalization and/or uptake. Application of gene transfer in the child and possibly the fetus are also potential future clinical applications of gene therapy. However, despite considerable research with gene therapy, there is little evidence to suggest that a well tolerated and effective gene transfer method is imminent and aggressive use of conventional pharmacological therapies currently offer the greatest promise in the treatment of patients with CF.
Flint Water Crisis: Data-Driven Risk Assessment Via Residential Water Testing.

Recovery from the Flint Water Crisis has been hindered by uncertainty in both the water testing process and the causes of contamination. In this work, we develop an ensemble of predictive models to assess the risk of lead contamination in individual homes and neighborhoods. To train these models, we utilize a wide range of data sources, including voluntary residential water tests, historical records, and city infrastructure data. Additionally, we use our models to identify the most prominent factors that contribute to a high risk of lead contamination. In this analysis, we find that lead service lines are not the only factor that is predictive of the risk of lead contamination of water. These results could be used to guide the long-term recovery efforts in Flint, minimize the immediate damages, and improve resource-allocation decisions for similar water infrastructure crises.
The Curriculum of Right Mindfulness: The Relational Self and the Capacity for Compassion

In this chapter, we argue for expanding the scope of contemporary definitions of mindfulness to reflect the relational nature of mental processes and to extend our practices beyond stress reduction by cultivation of wisdom and compassion. Increasing scientific evidence of “the self” as neither solid nor separate but rather as relational and as a focus for perspective-taking supports this argument for an extension in scope. Classical teachings regarding dependent origination and emptiness are increasingly supported by evidence-based research in many disciplines. Contemporary mindfulness approaches that do not directly address the limitations of resting within the illusory boundaries of the separate self are therefore necessarily incomplete. We propose extending current practice beyond personal stress reduction to join the practices of present-moment awareness with those intended to generate wisdom and compassion. Our ultimate focus is the creation of a secular ethical framework to support the development of non-naive and interpersonal forms of compassion. It is driven by a sense of urgency regarding the need for new modes of secular education directed toward the creation of nonviolent and sustainable communities. The development of a curriculum of right mindfulness will be premised on methods and content that soften the perceived boundaries between self and other. It will extend these emerging models to applied settings of learning based on understanding the nature of mind and interdependence, sharpening attention and awareness, and promoting compassionate action. We conclude by offering preliminary thoughts regarding secular principles and practices that may contribute to developing a common framework for such interventions.