cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CFD Analysis of Flow Boiling in a Silicon Microchannel With Non-Uniform Heat Flux

Boiling systems are capable of dissipating high heat fluxes, and as such have potential applications in thermal management of high power microelectronics. Although there are a number of experimental investigations of flow boiling in small flow passages and several empirical correlations have been proposed, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of such systems is much less explored. In the present investigation, a phase-change model representing the heat and mass transfer is coupled with the volume of fluid (VOF) model for the transient analysis of flow boiling. The analyzed domain consists of a silicon microchannel with a finite substrate thickness, subjected to non-uniform heat fluxes at localized regions, providing with a more realistic scenario for the case of microelectronics power maps. The results show the strong effect on the two-phase flow characteristics for these configurations and visualization of the induced flow regimes is presented. Furthermore, discussion about the heat transfer mechanisms, challenges and possible solutions are given in order to provide guidelines for effective cooling of these devices.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
The Impact of Pension Funding on State Government Finances

Pension funding issues have an important, but often hidden impact on the finances of state governments. If pension systems are underfunded, governments must address this problem sooner or later through additional contributions to the systems. Capital gains have had a dramatic impact on state tax revenues in the last decade. However, the indirect effects of capital gains on state finances through state pension fund growth and decline have had an even greater, but overlooked effect on the long-term fiscal health of states. The last ten years has seen the rapid growth of state pension asset followed by two years of decline. Changes in pension fund asset/liability relationships have generated problems for states that are much larger than the current state budget shortfalls. Pension funding issues do not have the immediacy of the state budget shortfalls, but they must be considered when states address long term structural imbalance problems.
Effect of dietary selenium and vitamin E on the primary and secondary immune response in lambs challenged with parainfluenza3 virus.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary selenium (Se) and vitamin E (Vit E) on various blood characteristics and the primary and secondary humoral immune response of lambs challenged with parainfluenza3 virus (PI3 V). Treatments included: 1) +Se/+Vit E, 2) -Se/+Vit E, 3) +Se/-Vit E and 4) -Se/-Vit E. The basal diet (-Se/-Vit E) was deficient in Se and Vit E. Sodium selenite (.2 mg Se/kg diet) and alpha-tocopherol acetate (20 mg Vit E/kg diet) were added to +Se and +Vit E diets, respectively, to provide adequate levels of each according to NRC recommendations. Following a 10-wk dietary adaptation and depletion period, lambs in all treatment groups were intratracheally inoculated with PI3 V on d 0 and 35 of the 70-d study. Prior to inoculation, whole blood and plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were higher (P less than .01) for +Se lambs. Whole blood and plasma GSH-Px increased (P less than .01) after primary viral inoculation in +Se lambs but not in -Se lambs. Serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentrations were enhanced (P less than .05) by Se supplementation on d 14, 35 and 49 of the study. Selenium and (or) Vit E did not affect serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels. Serum PI3 V antibody titers increased after inoculation on d 0 and 35 in all treatment groups. Titer levels appeared to increase more substantially for +Se lambs after primary inoculation, but increases were greater (P less than .01) for +Vit E lambs after secondary challenge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Complimentary and Alternative Medicine in Japan

Amidst field of Alternative Medicine, this is the report on Kampo practice in Japan in the past and the present. Kampo was transmitted to Japan from China in the 6th century. The Western Medicine became popular practice after Meiji Restoration, but around 1928 and after, Kampo began to regain its momentum again. By 1976, the Kampo preparation was accepted by the health insurance, which enabled many doctors to utilize the Kampo preparations.Currently, 147 kinds of Kampo extract is adapted by health insurance, and it is particular to Japan that doctor is allowed to prescribe Kampo preparation with Western medicine. There is a need to make the most of this opportunity so that Kampo is used more effectively in the treatment.Japan is rapidly aging, and medical expense is significantly increasing accordingly. Immunity deteriorates in aged people, and numerous diseases that they experience are due to the deterioration of internal organs, and treatment of such requires prescription of large quantity of medication, since separate medicine is prescribed for each disease with Western Medicine.On the other hand, Kampo Medicine would increase the immunity of the patient and one type of medication would improve many diseases at the same time, which means that it will avoid excessive use of medication. Adapting Kampo would, therefore, contribute to cutting down the medicine expense, which constitutes medical treatment expense. From this point of view, economical aspect of Kampo in aging society is valued highly as well.
Analysis of HIV/AIDS Surveillance Data in Danyang County from 2004 to 2008

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and risk factors of HIV/AIDS in Danyang county from 2004 to 2008 and provide a scientific base for authorities to make the strategy of HIV/AIDS control and prevention.Methods Surveillance data were processed with the software of Excel 2003 and SPSS 11.5.Results There were 41 HIV(+) infections among 218 112 subjects.The total detection rate of the population in Danyang county was 1.88×10-4.In addition,there were 7 HIV(+) infections determined in other area whose household registration were Danyang county.Trend of the number of HIV(+) infections found from 2004 to 2008 gradually gets higher.The top three detection rates were 5.865×10-3 in Voluntary Counseling and Testing clinics,3.774×10-3 in clinics of STD and 1.723×10-3 in detention house,respectively.Conclusions It is necessary to strengthen health education in high-risk groups,such as floating population and sex workers,and to encourage them to attend Voluntary Counseling and Testing clinics.The number of sites for the Monitoring and Control of AIDS in clinic of STD should be enhanced.
Response of aequorin-loaded platelets to activators of protein kinase C.

The protein kinase C activators phorbol ester 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and 1-oleyl-2-acetylglycerol (DAG) cause platelet aggregation, secretion, and a rise in aequorin-indicated cytoplasmic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), but the importance of this action to platelet activation by these agonists has not been established. We found that the previous addition of PMA or DAG either enhanced or inhibited the platelet response if thrombin was subsequently added, depending on the latter9s concentration. The effects of PMA or DAG on the response to thrombin were obtained only if the agonists were added in concentrations sufficient to elevate [Ca2+]i themselves. A [Ca2+]i rise also occurred after the second agonist (thrombin), but its magnitude did not necessarily correlate with subsequent aggregation, secretion, or the activation of protein kinase C as reported by the phosphorylation of a 47-kDa protein (p47). The protein kinase C inhibitor sphingosine inhibited aggregation and p47 phosphorylation caused by PMA or DAG alone or with thrombin, but the [Ca2+]i rise in response to the first agonist was not affected. PMA-induced aggregation and p47 phosphorylation were inhibited by quin2, which also inhibited protein kinase C activity in a cell-free system. We conclude that a rise in aequorin-indicated [Ca2+]i is necessary for PMA or DAG to activate platelets or to alter the subsequent platelet response to thrombin; this [Ca2+]i rise may be a prerequisite for activation of protein kinase C.
Remnant kidney hypermetabolism and progression of chronic renal failure

To investigate the mechanisms whereby verapamil and dietary phosphate restriction slow progression of nephron loss after renal ablation, the effects of these maneuvers on inulin clearance (CIn), net sodium reabsorption (TNa+), oxygen consumption (QO2), and net glucose production (GP) were examined in isolated perfused normal and remnant kidneys. Preliminary studies characterized the isolated perfused remnant kidney perfusion. Adaptation to renal ablation was greater for QO2 (102% of normal), GP (138%), and kidney weight (79%) than CIn (51%) or TNa+ (40%). Verapamil (50 microM) lowered QO2 in remnant kidneys (1.64 +/- 0.24 vs. control 2.86 +/- 0.16 mumol.min-1.g-1, P less than 0.005), as did phosphate restriction (1.81 +/- 0.22 vs. control 3.05 +/- 0.40 mumol.min-1.g-1, P less than 0.05). These effects could not be accounted for by changes in CIn, TNa+, or GP and were not observed in normal kidneys. In summary 1) remnant kidneys are hypermetabolic compared with normal kidneys when assessed by QO2 and GP; 2) verapamil and phosphate restriction diminish the enhanced metabolic activity of remnant kidneys, an effect that is independent of TNa+; and thus 3) verapamil and phosphate restriction may slow progression of renal disease, at least in part by reducing renal metabolic demands.
Modelling galaxy clustering on small scales to tighten constraints on dark energy and modified gravity

We present a new approach to measuring cosmic expansion history and growth rate of large-scale structure using the anisotropic two-dimensional galaxy correlation function (2DCF) measured from data; it makes use of the empirical modelling of small-scale galaxy clustering derived from numerical simulations by Zheng et al. We validate this method using mock catalogues, before applying it to the analysis of the CMASS sample from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 10 of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey. We find that this method enables accurate and precise measurements of cosmic expansion history and growth rate of large-scale structure. Modelling the 2DCF fully including non-linear effects and redshift space distortions in the scale range of 16–144 h^(−1) Mpc, we find H(0.57)rs(zd)/c = 0.0459 ± 0.0006, DA(0.57)/rs(zd) = 9.011 ± 0.073, and fg(0.57)σ8(0.57) = 0.476 ± 0.050, which correspond to precisions of 1.3 per cent, 0.8 per cent, and 10.5 per cent, respectively. We have defined rs(zd) to be the sound horizon at the drag epoch computed using a simple integral, fg(z) as the growth rate at redshift z, and σ8(z) as the matter power spectrum normalization on 8 h^(−1) Mpc scale at z. We find that neglecting the small-scale information significantly weakens the constraints on H(z) and DA(z), and leads to a biased estimate of fg(z). Our results indicate that we can significantly tighten constraints on dark energy and modified gravity by reliably modelling small-scale galaxy clustering.
Involvement of Buck’s Fascia in Congenital Torsion of the Penis

AbstractRepair of torsion of the penis was attempted in 2 children. Complete dissection of the skin from the penile shaft did not correct the anomaly. Further dissection and relocation of Buck’s fascia eliminated the torsion in 1 patient and improved the lesion in the other. Torsion of the penis cannot always be corrected by merely freeing the skin and dartos fascia, and it may require extensive dissection of Buck’s fascia for repair.
Outcomes of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation for flow-enabled dissolution of spleno-mesenterico-portal venous thrombosis.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the outcomes of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for flow-enabled clearance of portal (PVT), splenic (SVT) and/or superior mesenteric (MVT) vein thrombosis. Patients and methods In this single-center study, 12 patients underwent TIPS using Viatorr covered stent-grafts (W.L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ, USA) from 2008–2014 for PVT as a primary ( n = 8) or secondary ( n = 4) indication. TIPS were not accompanied by pharmacomechanical clot disruption; rather, shunts served to increase portal blood flow to allow flow-mediated physiologic clot dissolution. Pre- and post-TIPS cross-sectional imaging were used to assess clot location, size, and clearance, defined by resolution (vessel patency with no clot), reduction (decrease in clot size), stability (no change in clot size), or extension (increase in clot size). Results The cohort included 5 men and 7 women (median age 63 years, range 45–73 years, median MELD score 15) with 30 non-occlusive and asymptomatic thrombi spanning main or intrahepatic PVT ( n = 15/30, 50%), SVT ( n = 6/30, 20%), and MVT ( n = 9/30, 30%). TIPS were generally created with 10 mm covered stent-grafts; mean final portosystemic pressure gradient was 8 mmHg. At mean 190 days post-TIPS, 58% ( n = 7/12) had clot resolution, 33% ( n = 4/12) had clot reduction, and 8% ( n = 1/12) had stable clot; there were no cases of clot extension. Resolution rate was 67% for PVT (10/15), SVT (4/6), and MVT (6/9). Two of 12 (17%) patients underwent successful liver transplant post-TIPS. Conclusion TIPS prompts dissolution of or decrease in PVT, SVT, and MVT in cirrhotic patients. This may be a useful approach notwithstanding omission of pharmacomechanical methods.
Total elbow arthroplasty for posttraumatic arthrosis.

Posttraumatic arthrosis of the elbow is often characterized by a chronic painful condition frequently associated with stiffness, joint deformity, contractures, bone loss, instability, numerous previous procedures resulting in a poor soft tissue envelope, and damaged and hypersensitive nerves [1]. Its treatment can therefore be difficult with an elevated number of complications.
Assessment of socio-economic configuration of value chains: a proposed analysis framework to facilitate integration of small rural producers with global agribusiness

Value chain analysis is an important tool to assess and enhance the performance of agribusiness. This paper analyzes the empirical application of a conceptual framework known as the Rural Web to evaluate the socioeconomic complexity of a specific agribusiness value chain. This can be used as a complementary approach to traditional value chain analysis. The proposed framework goes beyond linear descriptions of product flows and examines how supply chains are built, shaped and reproduced over time and space, while considering social, cultural, environmental and political aspects. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework is a suitable method for value chain analysis, principally for those whose early stages are based on small and medium-sized rural actors. The Rural Web analysis offers decision-makers a platform to identify key actors not traditionally considered in value chain analysis, as well as the social interrelationships that occur at different dimensions. It also enables the identification...
Authoritarianism and Machiavellianism

A new convert to Perfectionism recalled years later his experience of mutual criticism at Noyes’ hands: “Today I feel that I would give many years of my life if I could have just one more criticism from John H. Noyes” (Fried, 1970, p. 30).
Talent Management: Hiring and Developing Engaged Employees

Talent management, which includes intentional work design, leadership development, and employee engagement, is a growing trend in the world of commerce, both domestically and globally. This article provides a review of the literature on talent management and explores ways in which this human resource management concept might be applicable to higher education and libraries.
Cryptographic Hash Functions and Some Applications to Information Security

We explore hashing with matrices over \(\mathrm {SL}_2({\mathbb F}_p)\), outlining known results of Tillich and Zemor. We then summarize the bounds on the girth of the Cayley graph of the subgroup of \(\mathrm {SL}_2({\mathbb F}_p)\) for specific generators A, B, work done by the author, Shpilrain, and Vdovina. We demonstrate that even without optimization, these hashes have comparable performance to hashes in the SHA family.
Experimental analysis of active power control of the PV system using smart PV inverter for the smart grid system

This paper examines the active power control of a photovoltaic (PV) power generation system. A traditional PV power generation system lacks controllability. However, smart PV inverters provide a mechanism to control the power output of PV generators. Distributed PV generator systems have been increasing for the past few decades as a clean renewable energy resource. As more distributed PV is interconnected to the power grid, the integration of these highly variable resources presents a challenging task for the utility. The power output of the PV generator system is proportional to the solar irradiance. Solar irradiance may vary due to water vapor, clouds, pollution, the season of the year and the time of day. As a result, the power output of a PV generator is a highly varying resource. Coupled with varying loads, the grid frequency and voltage become difficult to manage. One method to control voltage is by active power curtailment of the PV inverter. This paper presents analyses of active power curtailment and its effect on voltage in the Maui Advanced Solar Initiative Project where smart inverters were field deployed in a residential neighborhood.
Culturally and Geographically Relevant Content in Secondary Physical Education: Lessons from the Greenbrier CHOICES Project

This article discusses the concept of culturally and geographically relevant content and provides suggestions for its implementation in secondary physical education. The authors define culturally and geographically relevant content as that which is congruent with the contextual environment in which it is being taught and is determined by the students' background and interests, the physical environment surrounding them, and what resonates with their way of life. The suggestions for including culturally and geographically relevant content in a physical education curriculum discussed in this article are a result of lessons learned through the Greenbrier CHOICES project, a three-year multicomponent school-based initiative funded by a U.S. Department of Education Carol M. White Physical Education Grant and implemented in two middle schools in an Appalachian state.
Caroline Harwood: With Grace, Enthusiasm, and True Grit

Caroline Harwood is a microbiologist working to decipher pathways of biodegradation, signal transduction, and biofuel exploration at the biochemical and molecular levels. In addition to her research career, she is also an excellent writer and mentor whose enthusiasm for sciences fosters a truly collaborative atmosphere. This chapter by Rebecca E. Parales and Margaret McFall-Ngai covers Dr. Harwood’s career and personal reflections from the authors as well as a number of her mentees from over the years.
Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Systems

Multi-degree-of-freedom robots and manipulators constitute an important class of controlled mechanical systems. The optimization theories can help in making a significant impact on efficient usage of these systems. With this in our mind, this chapter deals with application of the principles of optimization to this important class of mechanical systems. .
Validating a modified typology of visual metaphor: Evidence form artful deviation, imagistic elaboration and ad attitude

Building on the well-established visual metaphor typology of juxtaposition, fusion and replacement, this paper first proposed simple juxtaposition and contextual juxtaposition as two variations of ...
Cardiovascular Anesthesia for Adults with Congenital Heart Disease

There are more adults living with congenital heart disease than children. Many of these adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) will require a surgery or intervention, which may or not be related to their congenital heart disease (CHD). The successful anesthetic management of adults with CHD requires a stepwise approach to consider all the relevant factors. The perioperative management of ACHD patients requires a multidisciplinary team collaboration, and those with complex lesions should be cared for in centers with experience in CHD.
The crisis intervention model.

This chapter presents an overview of the historical development of crisis intervention and its contributions to social work practice. It explains the basic assumptions and theoretical constructs of crisis theory to elucidate the major tenets and goals of crisis intervention. The chapter provides the descriptions of the levels and stages of crises, different practice models, intervention strategies, and evaluation methods. It presents the case examples to illustrate how crisis interventions are applied across a wide variety of clients and types of crises and trauma. The crisis intervention model holds that individuals will experience stressful events and crises as a natural part of one’s life development. Persons experiencing traumatic events usually benefit from rapid assessment and crisis intervention. Crisis counseling shares many principles and strategies with brief, time-limited, task-centered, and solution-focused practice models. The major tenets of crisis intervention derived originally from psychodynamic theory, particularly ego psychology, and ecological systems theory.
Bmi-1 Regulates Ex Vivo Self-Renewal of Human Erythroblasts

Abstract About twelve million units of red blood cells (RBCs) are transfused yearly in the United States. Ex vivo cultured RBCs could serve as a supplemental source to treat alloimmunized patients requiring chronic transfusions. The limited proliferative capacity of erythroid precursors is a major obstacle to generating sufficient numbers of RBCs to constitute even one unit of blood. We previously determined that erythroblasts derived from the murine embryo have a unique ability to self-renew extensively ex vivo, and that Bmi-1, a member of the polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), is both necessary and sufficient to drive the extensive self-renewal of murine bone marrow-derived erythroblasts. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Bmi-1 regulates the ex vivo self-renewal of human erythroid cells. Bmi-1 overexpression increased the proliferative capacity of adult human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived erythroblasts, which normally have restricted ex vivo self-renewal, more than 10 billion-fold. Bmi-1-induced self-renewing erythroblasts (iSREs) retained an immature erythroid morphology and cell surface phenotype throughout culture. Chemical inhibition of Bmi-1 led to collapse of the culture, with a massive reduction in cycling cells and an increase in apoptosis. Taken together, these data indicate that Bmi-1 in iSREs is both necessary and sufficient to increase the self-renewal capacity of human erythroid precursors. Importantly, Bmi-1 overexpression does not interfere with the ability of the iSREs to mature into reticulocytes in vitro. Serological analysis of multiple blood group antigens demonstrated that iSRE-derived reticulocytes express the same antigens as the donor's RBCs. Bmi-1 can act as part of canonical or non-canonical PRC1 and different complex members have been associated with hematopoietic self-renewal versus differentiation. Expression studies of self-renewing human erythroblasts revealed that the non-canonical PRC1 member, RYBP, was expressed at higher levels than canonical PRC1 members. In addition, maturation of erythroid precursors is associated with down-regulation of Bmi-1 and non-canonical PRC1 members, as well as the upregulation of several canonical members. Knockdown of RYBP reduced the proliferative capacity of the iSREs, suggesting that Bmi-1 regulates erythroid self-renewal through non-canonical PRC1 interactions. Consistent with this hypothesis, preliminary studies inhibiting canonical PRC1 members led to an additional several trillion-fold increase in the ex vivo proliferative capacity of human iSREs compared to vehicle-treated control cultures. These data suggest that Bmi-1 regulates erythroid self-renewal through non-canonical PRC1. Increasing the ex vivo self-renewal capacity of human erythroblasts ultimately paves the way for the generation of sufficient numbers of cultured RBCs for blood typing and transfusion therapy, as well as the establishment of in vitro models of RBC-intrinsic disorders. Disclosures Palis: Rubies Therapeutics: Consultancy.
Abstract 1282: NCI's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium

Mission: The Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) is a comprehensive and coordinated effort to accelerate the understanding of the molecular basis of cancer through the application of robust, quantitative, proteomic technologies and workflows. Goals: The overarching goal of CPTAC is to improve our ability to diagnose, treat and prevent cancer. To achieve this goal in a scientifically rigorous manner, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) launched CPTAC to systematically identify proteins that derive from alterations in cancer genomes and related biological processes, and provide this data with accompanying assays and protocols to the public. Genomics initiatives such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) have characterized and sequenced the genomic alterations from several types of cancer. CPTAC will leverage its analytical outputs by producing a unique continuum that defines the proteins translated from cancer genomes in order to link genotype to proteotype and ultimately to phenotype. Scientific Approach: The structure of CPTAC is designed to facilitate the efficient implementation of a two-step developmental pipeline, Discovery and Verification. The pipeline originates with the CPTAC Resource Center, which will provide a set of high-quality, genomically characterized clinical biospecimens from patients with a single type of cancer. The Discovery Unit of each Proteome Characterization Center (PCC) will use a set of proteomic technologies to comprehensively analyze the protein composition of this set of biospecimens including mapping proteome to genome and detecting and quantifying protein products that correspond to genomic aberrations. All data from the Discovery Units will be shared within the network via the CPTAC Data Center. Based on this aggregate data set, each Discovery Unit will select and prioritize cancer-related proteins for potential use in the verification step. The selected lists of prioritized proteins by the Discovery Units will be consolidated and collectively prioritized. The Verification Unit of each PCC will develop targeted assays against corresponding protein targets as assigned by the verification plan. The Verification Units will then verify the biomarker candidates by performing these assays in clinically relevant cancer biospecimens (provided by the CPTAC Resource Center). Data from these verification studies will be shared via the CPTAC Data Center. These verified proteins will serve as high-value targets to other initiatives involved in clinical qualification studies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1282. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1282
Coexisting Surface and Bulk Gyroscopic Effects

We report coexisting surface and bulk gyroscopic effects in the same structure. The surface acoustic wave (SAW) and bulk acoustic wave (BAW) is driven and sensed by interdigital transducer (IDT) on a lithium niobite substrate. The gyroscope is tested on a dither stage which is integrated with a pc board. The stage can apply angular rate as high as 8000 deg/s in air. The IDT drive RF frequency is swept while mechanical dithering the stage. The outputs from both sense ports are demodulated at RF frequency, followed by demodulation at the stage angular dither frequency. The device shows gyroscopic effect when driving not only at the resonance frequency of the SAW, but also at the resonance frequency of BAW modes. The measured scale factor for SAW mode and a bulk mode was 29 nV/(deg/s) and 137 nV/(deg/s), respectively. The peaks in the second demodulation versus frequency occur at spacing of ~7.2 MHz, with Q≈ 30,000. COMSOL simulation predicts bulk mode frequency starts at 3.75 MHz, with spacing of 7.5 MHz. The bulk mode can be suppressed by integrating acoustic absorber to the gyroscope. The bulk waves in the thickness mode are established between the top and bottom of wafer, while the SAW waves are excited by the top and IDT electrodes.
Good-Eye: A Combined Computer-Vision and Physiological-Sensor Based Device for Full-Proof Prediction and Detection of Fall of Adults

It is imperative to find the most accurate way to detect falls in elders to help mitigate the disastrous effects of such unfortunate injuries. In order to mitigate fall related accidents, we propose the Good-Eye System, an Internet of Things (IoT) enabled Edge Level Device which works when there is an orientation change detected by a camera, and monitors physiological signal parameters. If the observed change is greater than the set threshold, the user is notified with information regarding a prediction of fall or a detection of fall, using LED lights. The Good-Eye System has a remote wall-attached camera to monitor continuously the subject as long as the person is in a room, along with a camera attached to a wearable to increase the accuracy of the model. The observed accuracy of the Good-Eye System as a whole is approximately 95%.
Method for Active Pandemic Curve Management (MAPCM)

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 prompted stringent mitigation measures to “flatten the curve” quickly leading to an asphyxiated US economy as a national side effect. The resulting flattened curve remain exponential and may still exceed available healthcare resources and capacity during and around its peak. Moreover, while isolation and containment can scale down daily cases significantly, such a mitigation strategy also prolong the outbreak. Since economic activity is inversely proportional to mitigation, curtailing the outbreak with sustained mitigation can stifle the economy severely having disasterous repercussions. Mitigation for the duration of the outbreak may therefore be unsustainable and risk a second wave of infections. The method for active pandemic curve management (MAPCM) presented herein has the potential to shape the outbreak curve in a controlled manner for optimal utilization of healthcare resources during the pandemic, while drastically shortening the outbreak duration compared to mitigation by itself without trading off lives. This method allows mitigation measures to be relaxed gradually from day one, which equates to the ramping up of economic activity, and it leaves breathing room for the economy from the onset of a pandemic. Since outbreak curves (such as projected hospitalizations per day) can be programmed using this method, they can also be shaped to accommodate changing needs during the outbreak. To be successful the method must be implemented early enough in the outbreak. Implementing the method incorrectly can result in a herd immunity levels of infections. MAPCM is a method and not a model. It is compatible with any appropriate model. In the paper a hybrid logistic model is used for illustration.
Chapter 1 – The National Health Service

Publisher Summary The National Health Service (NHS) came into existence in the United Kingdom following the introduction of the National Health Service Act in 1946 that covered the funding of the service and created a national network of hospitals operating in a tiered management structure. Benefits were extended to the whole of the population, which was provided free of charge with medicines and the services of hospitals, doctors, dentists, and opticians. Employees paid into a scheme run by a trade union, a friendly society, or a commercial insurance company. In return, when the employee was ill, he or she received cash, the free services of a doctor, and the necessary medicines. The Minister of Health was entrusted with the task to promote the establishment in England and Wales of a comprehensive health service designed to secure improvement in the physical and mental health of the people of England and Wales. The responsibility included the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of illness, and for that purpose, to provide or secure the effective provision of services. The key aims of the NHS today are to promote health and prevent ill health; to diagnose and treat injury and disease; and to care for those with long-term illnesses and disability who require NHS services.
A Pilot Study Comparing Tele-therapy and In-Person Therapy: Perspectives from Parent-Mediated Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Conclusions about the efficacy of tele-therapy for parent-mediated intervention for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are limited, due to the shortage of direct comparisons between tele-therapy and traditional face-to-face therapy. In this study, we implemented a parent training program, which targeted on language facilitating intervention strategies. Fifteen parents of children with ASD participated in person, and 15 participated via online video conferencing. We measured parents' intervention fidelity and children's initiations, responses, lexical diversity and morphosyntactic complexity. Results indicated significant improvements in parents' fidelity and children's lexical diversity and morphosyntactic complexity. No significant differences were detected between the two therapy delivery groups on any outcome measures. Finally, children's progress on morphosyntactic complexity was significantly correlated with parents' improvement on fidelity.
Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in a pediatric patient.

Abstract Deep vein thrombosis is relatively rare in the pediatric setting, though it carries significant risk for pulmonary embolism and post-thrombotic syndrome. We report a case of a 10-year-old girl diagnosed with pulmonary embolism and right iliofemoral vein deep vein thrombosis with concomitant granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Wegener's granulomatosis) and acute glomerulonephritis. Owing to lifestyle-limiting venous claudication, we performed percutaneous, mechanical thrombectomy using the ClotTriever system with successful removal of likely both acute and chronic thrombus. After the procedure, the patient had near complete resolution of her venous claudication symptoms.
Combining Two Classes of Epigenetic Modifiers and Their Effect on Prostate Cancer Cells

The main objective of this experiment was to determine and study the effects of combining two epigenetic modifiers, 5-azacyticidine (5-AzaC) and SB939, on a RM-1 murine prostate cancer cell model. The effectiveness of this combination on prostate cancer cells has not been previously studied. The study was implemented on ex vivo cell models to gain a better understanding of the true effects of the combination therapy on prostate cancer cells. Two variations of the combination therapy were tested in this study, each with different concentrations of SB939 (100nm and 200nm). To determine the effectivity of the combination therapy on prostate cancer cells, three factors were measured: cell proliferation, cancer testis antigen (CTA) expression, and apoptosis rate. To measure cell proliferation, a cell proliferation assay was conducted, and absorption rate was measured through a 450 nm wavelength. CTA expression was measured through a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (quant-PCR). For this study, the expression rates of five CTAs were measured (TEX15, CEP55, CCNA1, P1A, SPA17). Apoptosis rate was measured through an Annexin-V assay, in which two markers, Annexin-V and 7-AAD, were used. We found that SB939 combined with 5-AzaC show highest efficacy compare to each drug alone in terms of inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, as well as inducing tumor cells apoptosis and enhancing tumor cell immunogenicity by the induction of the expression of CTAs. This combination proved to be effective in combating murine prostate cancer cells, and can potentially be effective within in vivo models due to its high toxicity to these cancer cells, and its ability to render prostate cancer more immunogenic.
Inequality and Poverty under Latin America's New Left Regimes

Inequality and poverty fell sharply in many Latin American countries during a decade in which voters in ten countries chose left-leaning leaders. Are these developments related? Using data for 18 Latin American countries, this paper presents econometric evidence that social democratic regimes in Brazil and Chile were more successful at reducing inequality and poverty than the so-called populist regimes of Argentina, Bolivia, and Venezuela. Both groups implemented policies to redistribute income, but the social democratic regimes’ efforts were more effective. The left populists regimes such as Argentina and Venezuela started the 1990-2008 sample window with lower levels of inequality, so to some extent recent reductions in inequality are a return to “normal” levels (as estimated by fixed effects). Conversely, inequality and poverty in Brazil and Chile fell to historic lows. Moreover, overall terms of trade shocks were more favorable to Argentina and Venezuela, so part of the drop in inequality can be attributed to commodity price booms.
Portfolio Choice in the Presence of Background Risk

In this paper, we focus on how the presence of background risks - from sources such as labour and entrepreneurial income - influences portfolio allocations. This interaction is explored in a theoretical model that is calibrated using cross-sectional data from a variety of sources. The model is shown to be consistent with some but not all aspects of cross-sectional observations of portfolio holdings. The paper also provides a survey of the extensive theoretical and empirical literature on portfolio choice.
Low Noise, High accuracy Analog Electrocardiogram (ECG) Signal Front End Amplifier for Wearable equipment

Due to the semiconductor technology rapid growth, circuit device becomes smaller and has lower power consumption, making body care portable devices easily realized. Among these portable devices, electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure, and blood glucose are important parameters for health diagnosis. Therefore, in this work, based on the traditional 3-op-amp instrumentation amplifier, a front-end Electrocardiogram signal amplifier is designed. According to the characteristics in the bioelectric signal acquisition, a right-leg-driven (DRL) circuit is added to make the CMRR of the amplifier higher and improve the power-line-interference rejecting ability. The simulation result in LTspice indicates that the amplifier provides a gain about 36 dB with low noise about 6.08 $\mu$ V. Also, the other parameters of the amplifier meet the requirements of ECG signal monitor and are suitable for wearable equipment.
Reevaluating factors associated with negative attitudes toward police: capturing information from college students

While a significant amount of research has been conducted in regards to public opinion of police, limited information can be found that reflects college students' opinions toward the subject, and e...
A simplified surgical approach for left ovarian vein transposition for the treatment of pelvic venous disease from nutcracker syndrome.

Abstract Nutcracker syndrome is becoming increasingly recognized as a cause of chronic pelvic pain. Several treatment options have been used, including renal vein or ovarian vein transposition to the more distal inferior vena cava and renal vein stenting. Concerned about the major scope of the surgical procedures as well as the implantation of a foreign body that must function for six to seven decades, we undertook to develop an all autogenous simpler surgical solution for the treatment of nutcracker syndrome. In 2013, we began performing left ovarian vein transposition to the left iliac vein. In our initial report, we used a minimally invasive robotic approach. For the past several years, we have used a simplified open approach to left ovarian vein transposition that takes advantage of the fact that the left ovarian vein naturally courses over the iliac vein. We have found this surgical treatment of nutcracker syndrome provides excellent relief from the associated symptoms.
Tariffs which lower price in the restricting country: An analysis of spatial markets

Abstract Tariff impacts are examined assuming the domestic and foreign producers are oligopolistically interdependent and both domestic and foreign transportation costs are significant. The imposition of a tariff in this spatial duopoly: (1) has a distributional impact under all three conjectural variations considered, in that the delivered prices paid by customers of the foreign firm increase by more than the delivered prices paid by customers of the protected domestic firm; and (2) under some types of oligopolistic behavior, the domestic firm may lower its price when protected by a tariff - that is, the Metzler paradox may arise in a partial equilibrium context.
Spatial analysis of particulate matter in an urban environment

Environmental regulations are usually set based on the effect of a pollutant on human health. In recent years, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has become aware of the potential harmful effects of particulate matter (PM) in ambient air; various epidemiological studies published in the mid 1990s show evidence of an association between daily PM measurements and nonaccidental deaths amongst the elderly. A common feature of these studies has been that they examine ambient air quality in a large city and its environs but for aggregated measurements, taken from the monitoring stations, over space. In this paper, we preserve the spatial component of the particulate-matter variable and carry out spatial statistical analyses that allow us to make maps of PM exposure with known confidence.
Random closed sets

We investigate notions of randomness in the space ${\mathcal {C}}[2^{\mathbb {N}}]$ of nonempty closed subsets of {0,1}ℕ. A probability measure is given and a version of the Martin-Lof Test for randomness is defined. Π02 random closed sets exist but there are no random Π01 closed sets. It is shown that a random closed set is perfect, has measure 0, and has no computable elements. A closed subset of $2^{{\mathbb N}}$ may be defined as the set of infinite paths through a tree and so the problem of compressibility of trees is explored. This leads to some results on a Chaitin-style notion of randomness for closed sets.
Restoration of distorted colour microscopic images from transverse chromatic aberration of imperfect lenses

An algorithm is presented for restoration of colour microscopic images with distortions from imperfect microscope lenses having transverse chromatic aberrations, resulting in a magnification that slightly varies with wavelengths or colours. The differential of each colour component image is computed as the difference between the component image and its slightly magnified version. The absolute values in the differential component images are generally higher at the edges where greater discontinuities occur. The two cross-correlation functions of the absolute differentials between red and green colours and between red and blue colours are then computed. The maximum in the two cross-correlation functions were sought, respectively, and the cross-correlation delays were then calculated. The two cross-correlation delays were used to determine dispersions and to realign the three colour components. Results of real microscopic images are provided. The restored image and the original are compared both visually and quantitatively in terms of the estimated entropies measured for the degree of concentrations using vector distributions.
The Impact of Foreign Currency Translation on Reporting during the Phase-in of SFAS No. 52

This article examines the impact of the adoption of FASB Statement No. 52 on foreign currency reporting for multinational companies during the optional three-year adoption period (1981–1983). The results of the study suggest that early adoption of SFAS No. 52 for many companies was motivated by a favorable impact on income and earnings per share but that the relative rankings of the companies before and after SFAS No. 52 were not significantly affected.
Current knowledge related to intelligence and thinking with implications for the development and use of case studies.

PURPOSE. This paper reviews current knowledge regarding intelligence and thinking, and relates this knowledge to learning to diagnose human responses and to select health outcomes and nursing interventions. DATA SOURCES. Knowledge from relevant literature sources was summarized. DATA SYNTHESIS. The provision of high-quality nursing care requires use of critical thinking with three elements of nursing care: nursing diagnosis, health outcomes, and nursing interventions. Metacognition (thinking about thinking) should be used with knowledge of the subject matter and repeated practice in using the knowledge. Because there are limited clinical opportunities to practice using metacognition and knowledge of these nursing care elements, case studies can be used to foster nurses’ expertise. CONCLUSIONS. Simulations of clinical cases are needed that illustrate application of the nursing knowledge represented in NANDA International, Nursing Outcomes Classification, and Nursing Interventions Classification. IMPLICATIONS. The International Journal of Nursing Terminologies and Classifications will promote the dispersion of case studies as a means of facilitating the implementation and use of nursing languages and classifications.
Protection against Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis Is Mediated by Interleukin-10-Producing T Cells that Are Controlled by Dendritic Cells

Experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) can be induced in the Lewis rat by cardiac myosin or its cryptic S2-16 peptide epitope (amino acids1052 to 1076). To investigate cellular mechanisms and the role of antigen-presenting cells in regulation of myocarditis, we induced protection against EAM in Lewis rats by administration of S2-16 peptide in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). Protection to EAM was associated with activation of S2-16-reactive splenocytes secreting high levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and reduced levels of interferon-γ and IL-2. Adoptive transfer of S2-16:IFA-induced splenocytes producing IL-10 suppressed myocarditis induction in syngeneic recipients, suggesting their regulatory cell nature. However, exposure of S2-16:IFA-induced cells to inflammatory cytokine IL-12 converted them to Th1 effectors that transferred EAM. Differentiated function of S2-16-reactive T cells in protected rats resulted from increased IL-10 production by dendritic cells (DCs). Purified DCs from S2-16:IFA-treated rats promoted S2-16-reactive CD4 + T cells to produce increased IL-10 and reduced interferon-γ. In addition, adoptive transfer of IL-10-producing DCs from S2-16:IFA-treated rats also induced protection to EAM in recipient rats. These studies demonstrated DCs and key cytokines, such as IL-10 and IL-12, regulated the fate of T cells in myocarditis development in the Lewis rat.