cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NMR Anomalies and Superconductivity in Transition Metals: Vanadium

One of the major predictions of BCS theory is that the spin susceptibility in a superconductor should decrease exponentially with temperature, falling to zero at absolute zero.1 An indirect way of testing this prediction is the Knight shift experiment in which one expects that, like the spin susceptibility, the Knight shift K for a superconductor should also vanish exponentially at absolute zero. The nontransition metal superconductors (Hg, Sn, Al) do show a decrease in K with temperature, though they are not in perfect agreement with the BCS prediction.‡ On the contrary, the Knight shift result in transition elements is quite anomalous.3 For vanadium no change in the Knight shift value from the normal (K n ) to the superconducting (K s ) state could be detected.3 A number of theoretical attempts to explain this anomaly invoked the idea that in the presence of an external magnetic field the electronic ground state of superconductors is not a spin-zero singlet state. It was pointed out that the spin—orbit scattering at surface atoms,4 spin—orbit scattering with the periodic lattice,5 or triplet-state pairing6 may result in a nonzero spin electronic ground state. For vanadium the spin—orbit effects are quite small7 and, to the author’s knowledge, there is no experimental indication of the striking consequences of a triplet-state pairing theory of superconductivity in any system.
Bait Matrix Flavor Preference by Mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) in Puerto Rico: Implications for Oral Rabies Vaccination

The small Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) is the primary rabies vector in Puerto Rico. Mongooses are implicated in up to 74% of rabies cases on the island, and pose a threat to domestic animals and human health and safety. No rabies management program exists in Puerto Rico and development of an oral rabies vaccination program requires determining which flavors on the vaccine's bait coating matrix that are attractive to mongooses. Our objective was to evaluate preference among three flavors (cheese, coconut and fish) in the Ultralite bait matrix that is used for delivery of Rabies Vaccine, Live Adenovirus Vector (ONRAB ® ). Placebo baits were offered to free-ranging mongooses in two different ecological environments. The study was conducted at El Yunque National Forest and Cabo Rojo National Wildlife Refuge. At each site we established bait stations with three bait flavors offered simultaneously. We placed a remote camera at each station to monitor bait fate. Cheese ranked higher than fish flavor (W = 1473, P = 0.0273) and cheese and fish both ranked significantly higher than coconut (W = 2180.5, P < 0.0001 and W = 2065.0, P = 0.0008, respectively). These results suggest cheese and fish flavors should perform better than coconut flavor in attracting free-ranging mongooses to consume ONRAB ® baits in Puerto Rico.
[80-OR]: Increased protein network connectivity in preeclampsia

Objectives The traditional approach to understand health and disease has relied on the analyses of individual genes or proteins. Yet, biological functions are the expression of integrated and interdependent networks. We examined the behavior of protein networks in peripheral blood of normal pregnant women and those with preeclampsia (PE). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to include: (1) normal pregnancy ( n = 50); (2) early PE (delivered n = 44); and (3) late PE ( n = 43). Multiplex assay systems were used to measure proteins. Log transformed and normalized protein concentrations in normal pregnancies were modeled using locally weighted linear quantile regression. Protein abundance was represented as MOM. Differentially expressed proteins were retained to conduct a network analysis. Results (1) Eighty-six and 24 proteins were differentially expressed in early and late PE, respectively (fold >1.5 and adjusted p 4); (2) network analysis demonstrated a more coordinated protein activity in early PE with four distinct modules (Figure). These modules represented proteins involved in cell adhesion molecules, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction; and coagulation cascade; and (3) the cyan module which was enriched in proteins involved in cell adhesion molecules pathway was present in early, but not in normal or late PE. Conclusions We report for the first time increased connectivity in protein–protein correlation networks in PE. We propose that characterizing the protein network structure and behavior provides insight into complex diseases. Figure Legend Protein correlation network in early preeclampsia. Four protein modules were identified (green, blue, gold, magenta). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) Disclosures P. Chaemsaithong: None. R. Romero: None. A.L. Tarca: None. Z. Xu: None. M. Shaman: None. K. Lannaman: None. A.I. Ahmed: None. S.S. Hassan: None. L. Yeo: None. T. Chaiworapongsa: None.
Cardiac disease in congenital infections.

The evidence that true structural congenital heart lesions may be caused by prenatal infections still remains controversial. However, evidence does exist that congenital infections produce endothelial lesions of varying locales and degrees in the fetal circulation without deranging its basic design: pulmonary artery stenosis, endarterial lesions leading to patent ductus, and stenosis of pulmonary and aortic valves, the aortic isthmus, and peripheral arteries. Nonstructural heart lesions caused by infections but leading to profound functional alterations are also well documented and are discussed here.
Socrates-D 2.0: A Low Power High Throughput Architecture for Deep Network Training

Specialized ultra-low power deep learning architectures with on-chip training capability can be useful in variety of applications that require adaptability. This paper presents such a processor design, Socrates-D 2.0, a multicore architecture for deep neural network based training and inference. The architecture consists of a set of processing cores, each with internal memories to store synaptic weights. Additionally, we present a method to map traditional deep learning networks to our multicore architecture and show that there is minimal impact in training accuracy. The system level area and power benefits of the specialized architecture are compared with the earlier generation of Socrates-D. Our experimental evaluations show that the proposed architecture can provide 1.25× area and 1.19× energy efficiency than the previous version of Socrates-D.
Should Measures of Health Care Availability Be Based on the Providers or the Procedures? A Case Study with Implications for Rural Colorectal Cancer Disparities.

Purpose Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) living in rural areas have lower survival rates than those in urban areas, potentially because of lack of access to quality CRC screening and treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare traditional physician density (ie, colonoscopy provider availability per capita) against a new physician density measure using an example case of colonoscopy volume and quality. The latter is particularly relevant for rural providers, who may have fewer patients and are more frequently nongastroenterologists. Methods We conducted a secondary data analysis of the 2014 Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Database and the National Cancer Institute State Cancer Profile Database. Volume-weighted physician density scores at the state and county levels were created, accounting for (1) the physician's annual colonoscopy volume and (2) whether the physician performs ≥100 procedures per year. We compared volume-weighted versus traditional density, overall and by rurality, and examined their correlation with CRC screening, incidence, and mortality rates. Findings The difference between volume-weighted and traditional density scores was particularly large in rural parts of the West and Midwest, and it was most similar in the Northeast. Although weak, correlations with CRC outcomes were stronger for volume-weighted density, and they did not differ by rurality. Conclusions Our new method is an improvement over traditional methods because it considers the variation of physician procedure volume, and it has a stronger correlation with population health outcomes. Weighted density scores portray a more realistic picture of physician supply, particularly in rural areas.
Music Education as a Path to Positive Youth Development: An El Sistema-Inspired Program

The El Sistema music education philosophy links positive individual and social development through musical education. This study is a longitudinal examination of the impact of participation in an El Sistema-inspired program, the Miami Music Project, on positive youth development. We hypothesized that over the course of a school year, participation in ensemble-based after-school music programming would significantly enhance factors associated with positive youth development. Specifically, we evaluated social emotional constructs aligned with the Five Cs of Positive Youth Development: Competence, Confidence, Caring, Character, and Connection. Results revealed that participants showed significant increases across all five Cs over the course of the year. Additionally, findings showed that Miami Music Project students showed greater enhancements over time in Character, Competence and Caring when compared to a group of youth who did not participate in music education. This study presents empirical documentation of the numerous meaningful social and emotional enhancements that participation in an El Sistema-inspired program is engendering among youth. In this type of rigorous orchestral model of musical instruction, youth seem to acquire not only cognitive benefits but also a host of social and emotional enhancements, ostensibly from learning in an environment that requires disciplined social cohesion. These findings provide insight into the holistic approach foundational to the El Sistema philosophy and adds to our overall understanding of musical instruction in important ways.
Realizing ecosystem-safe hydropower from dams

For clean hydropower generation while sustaining ecosystems, minimizing harmful impacts and balancing multiple water needs is an integral component. One particularly harmful effect not managed explicitly by hydropower operations is thermal destabilization of downstream waters. To demonstrate that the thermal destabilization by hydropower dams can be managed while maximizing energy production, we modelled thermal change in downstream waters as a function of decision variables for hydropower operation (reservoir level, powered/spillway release, storage), forecast reservoir inflow and air temperature for a dam site with in situ thermal measurements. For data-limited regions, remote sensing-based temperature estimation algorithm was established using thermal infrared band of Landsat ETM+ over multiple dams. The model for water temperature change was used to impose additional constraints of tolerable downstream cooling or warming (1–6 °C of change) on multi-objective optimization to maximize hydropower. A reservoir release policy adaptive to thermally optimum levels for aquatic species was derived. The novel concept was implemented for Detroit dam in Oregon (USA). Resulting benefits to hydropower generation strongly correlated with allowable flexibility in temperature constraints. Wet years were able to satisfy stringent temperature constraints and produce substantial hydropower benefits, while dry years, in contrast, were challenging to adhere to the upstream thermal regime.
Breath biomarkers in human xenobiotic exposure studies

Abstract Air pollutant exposure induces effects in humans ranging from premature mortality to increased morbidity, primarily cardiopulmonary effects. Examination of both exhaled breath gas and aerosol phases has been used to determine surrogate markers of these biological responses. Two approaches to studying effects of air pollutants as well as other xenobiotics is the use of controlled exposures where either the pollutant concentration is kept relatively constant or controlled field studies where other factors are kept relatively constant, i.e., exercise level, diet, etc. This chapter reviews the seminal reports that utilized breath analyses to discern potential effects of air pollutant exposures, provides highlights of recent reports using breath biomarkers in air pollution research studies, and also examines recent findings of other pollutants inhaled via lifestyle choices such as swimming and vaping.
Associations of hemoglobin and change in hemoglobin with risk of incident hip fracture in older men and women: the cardiovascular health study

In a multi-site longitudinal cohort study, decreasing hemoglobin was associated with increased hip fracture risk in men. Anemia was associated with hip fracture in men and in African American women. Decreasing hemoglobin may be a marker of progressing bone fragility, making its serial measurement useful for fracture risk stratification. Hematopoiesis and bone health are interdependent. Anemia has been associated with risk of fracture in humans. To further elucidate this relationship, we hypothesized that decreasing hemoglobin could indicate defective hematopoiesis and would also predict fracture risk. We performed a prospective analysis from study baseline (1992) of the Cardiovascular Health Study, a multi-site longitudinal cohort study. A total of 4670 men and women, ages >65 years, who were able to consent and not institutionalized or wheelchair bound, had hemoglobin (Hb) measured in 1992. For 4006 subjects, Hb change from 1989 to 1992 was annualized and divided into sex-specific quartiles. Incident hip fractures were verified against Medicare claims data during a median follow-up of 11.8 years. Nested Cox proportional-hazard models estimated association of hip fracture with anemia (men Hb 0.36 g/dL/year was associated with a higher risk of hip fracture (HR 1.67; 95% CI 1.10–2.54), which was lessened by anemia at the start of fracture follow-up (HR 1.53; 95% CI 0.99–2.39). Decreasing Hb may be an early marker for subsequent hip fracture risk in men, which may be less informative once an anemia threshold is crossed. Only African American women with anemia had increased hip fracture risk, suggesting a race difference in this relationship.
Vimentin intermediate filaments modulate cell traction force but not cell sensitivity to substrate stiffness

The ability of cells to sense and respond to the mechanical stiffness of the surrounding matrix is important to support normal cell function, wound healing, and development. Central to the process of durosensing is the cytoskeleton composed of three classes of filaments: F-actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments (IFs). Vimentin is an IF protein that contributes significantly to cell mechanics and cell traction force, which is required to probe extracellular matrix. The role of vimentin in how cells sense and respond to the mechanical rigidity of extracellular matrix is largely unclear. To investigate the role of vimentin in durosensing, we knocked down the vimentin expression level in 3T3 fibroblasts using shRNA transfection and measured cellular responses as functions of substrate stiffness. We quantified durosensitivity by the rates at which cell area and traction force change with substrate stiffness. Our results show that that vimentin plays a role in durosensing by modulating traction force and knocking out vimentin did not significantly affect durosensitivity. These results indicate that vimentin may be a redundant component of the machinery that cells use to sense substrate stiffness. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Flowing Lines on The Fabric

The primary inspiration for the Flowing Lines on The Fabric was the initial concept of the optical illusion, the use of still images to achieve dynamic vision, and the striking relevance of computer-aided design and drafting. The purpose of this design research was to demonstrate the usage of the innovative technology of laser cutting on creations of optical illusion motifs through two pieces garments in one wearable art outfit. Quadrado of Rubem Ludolf (1955) and Disfigured Circle by Bridget Riley (1963) were used as the inspirational pictures for the top and the skirt, respectively. The whole design process mainly consisted of two steps. The first step involved creating motif patterns for laser cutting and the second step was implementation. This design project demonstrates an innovative approach to exploring the application of optical art concepts to textile design through laser cutting techniques.
Redefining the Badges of Slavery

In The Civil Rights Cases the Supreme Court held that Section 2 of the Thirteenth Amendment grants Congress the authority to eliminate the “badges of slavery.” Many legal scholars have argued that some contemporary injustices impose a badge of slavery and thus can be addressed via Section 2 legislation. For example, Section 2 has been cited as grounds for addressing hate speech, racial profiling, sexual orientation discrimination, violence against women, limitations on the right to an abortion, sexual harassment, and more. But what precisely is a badge of slavery? Relatively few legal scholars have attempted to answer this prior question. Those who have argue that the badges metaphor referred narrowly to antebellum practices that threatened to reimpose chattel slavery. According to this view, few, if any, contemporary injustices threaten to reimpose chattel slavery, and so few, if any badges of slavery remain. Thus, legislation addressing contemporary injustices falls outside of Congress’s Section 2 authority. No one has attempted to defend a more expansive view of Section 2 by appealing to the legal history and to the original public meaning of the badges metaphor. This paper provides just such a defense. In this Article I demonstrate that the badges metaphor has always possessed a broad range of application. The badges metaphor extended beyond race and chattel slavery to gender- and class-based subordination. Moreover, the badges metaphor first appears not in the Civil Rights Cases, as is most often claimed, but in Dred Scott v. Sandford. Justice Taney’s usage of the metaphor in Dred Scott is deeply revealing and supports an expansive reading of Section 2, yet it has been overlooked by contemporary legal scholars. Drawing on the popular and legal history of the badges metaphor, I defend the view that a badge of slavery results from laws or social customs that impose stigmatic harms upon subordinate social groups. I then demonstrate how this expansive understanding of Section 2 can be used to support attempts to eradicate contemporary badges of slavery.
Second Amendment Animus: This Far and No Further?

This essay considers whether the flourishing doctrine of equal protection animus should be imported into Second Amendment doctrine. While Professor Jacob Charles’ recent article, Second Amendment Animus, correctly concludes that animus generally constitutes a poor fit with Second Amendment claims, this essay suggests that the matter is not quite as clear-cut as Professor Charles’ thought-provoking article argues. Going beyond legal doctrine, this essay also considers whether legal philosopher Martha Nussbaum’s theory of disgust, and how such disgust relates to animus, has anything to say about animus claims in the Second Amendment context. It concludes that her theory also suggests that animus reasoning does not fit easily with Second Amendment claims. Nevertheless, fascinating parallels between canonical animus cases and at least some extreme examples of gun regulation suggest that Professor Nussbaum’s disgust theory may not explain all government actions that could plausibly be attributed to animus. Instead, her theory may be best understood as explaining the core of the animus idea, with other exemplars of animus reflecting attitudes similar, but not identical, to the disgust reactions she cites. Given the continued viability of animus as a legal doctrine, interesting work remains to be done on the theoretical foundations of the animus idea.
Most people prefer constant carbon costs over increasing cost schedules even if costs are high

We find that the public prefers the costs of climate action to be constant over time, irrespective of whether average costs are low or high. Policymakers interested in combating global warming should therefore introduce policies that initially rely on stable cost schedules instead of the widely discussed alternative of ramping up costs over time.
High Performance InP HBT Technology for Analog-to-Digital Conversion

The trend in modem communications and radar systems is to move the analog-to digital interface as far forward in the signal path as possible toward the antenna or sensor. Moving the digital interface forward in the signal path eliminates stages of downconversion and analog filtering that are bulky, expensive, drift with temperature, and require calibration. Ultra-fast device technologies are required to perform direct analog-to-digital conversion on radio frequency (RF) or intermediate frequency (IF) signals that enables moving the digital interface forward in the signal path. This paper describes the performance limits of current analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and shows how the ultra-fast performance of InP HBT technology is extending the performance of ADCs to higher levels to enable all digital approaches to communications receivers.
MARINER II- PRELIMINARY REPORTS ON MEASUREMENTS OF VENUS. MAGNETIC FIELD

Mariner II magnetometer data gave no indication of a Venusian magnetic field. This implies, by comparison with spacecraft measurements near Earth and with theoretical models, that the magnetic dipo...
Power, Authority, and Health Behavior

As we approach the end of the 20th century, few would argue that the relationship between physicians and patients in Western industrialized countries is the same as it was a generation ago. Witness the popularity of Dr. Seuss’s You’re Only Old Once (1986). As of this writing 34 weeks on the New York Times best seller list, it mercilessly and humorously pillories the impersonal assembly-line treatment of an elderly patient, by physicians who are uncaring, test-happy, and overspecialized.
Polymer light harvesting composites for optoelectronic applications

ABSTRACT Polymer based optoelectronic composites and thin film devices exhibit great potential in space applications due to their lightweight, flexible sh ape, high photon absorption coefficients, and robust radiation tolerance in space environment. Polymer/dye composites appear promising for optoelectronics applications due to potential enhancements in both light harvesting and charge separation. In this study, the optoelectronic properties of a series of molecular dyes paired with a conjugated polymer Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) were investigated. Specifically, the solution PL quenching coefficients (K sv ) of dye/polymer follows a descending order from dyes of Chloro(protoporphyrinato)iron(III) (Hemin), Protoporphyrin, to meso-Tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine (TCPP). In optoelectronic devices made of the P3HT/dye/PCBM composites, the short circuit current densities J sc as well as the overall power conversion efficiencies (PCE) also follow a descending order from Hemin, Protoporphyrin, to TCPP, despite Hemin exhibits the intermediate polymer/dye LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) offset and lowest absorption coefficient as compared to the other two dyes, i.e., the cell optoelectronic efficiency did not follow the LUMO offsets which are the key driving forces for the photo induced charge separations. This study reveals that too large LUMO offset or electron transfer driving force may result in smaller PL quenching and optoelectronic conversion efficiency, this could be another experimental evidence for the Marcus electron transfer model, particularly for the Marcus inverted region. It appears an optimum electron transfer driving force or strong PL quenching appears more critical than absorption coefficient for optoelectronic conversion devices.
Protecting Communities in Biomedical Research

Although for the last 50 years, ethicists dealing with human experimentation have focused primarily on the need to protect individual research subjects and vulnerable groups, biomedical research, especially in genetics, now requires the establishment of standards for the protection of communities. We have developed such a strategy, based on five steps. (i) Identification of community characteristics relevant to the biomedical research setting, (ii) delineation of a typology of different types of communities using these characteristics, (iii) determination of the range of possible community protections, (iv) creation of connections between particular protections and one or more community characteristics necessary for its implementation, and (v) synthesis of community characteristics and possible protections to define protections appropriate for each type of community. Depending on the particular community, consent and consultation, consultation alone, or no added protections may be required for research.
Design of a residue number system digital correlator for real-time processing in ultrasonic blood flow measurements

The design of a high-speed digital correlator for implementing the real-time correlation function required in an ultrasonic blood flowmeter is presented. In order to achieve the necessary real-time processing rates, a residue number system (RNS) architecture was selected for the correlator hardware. An RNS architecture not only allows the required high-speed real-time processing rates to be achieved for clinical applications, but it also facilitates the design, construction, and testing of the hardware. The hardware correlator is controlled by a personal computer and is designed so that it can eventually be implemented in VLSI circuits for operation to minimize power consumption and to assure the reliability necessary in medical environments. >
Social Learning and Optimal Advertising in the Motion Picture Industry

Social learning is thought to be a key determinant of the demand for movies. This can be a double-edged sword for motion picture distributors, because when a movie is good, social learning can enhance the efiectiveness of movie advertising, but when a movie is bad, it can mitigate this efiectiveness. This paper develops an equilibrium model of consumers’ movie-going choices and movie distributors’ advertising decisions. First, we develop a structural model for studios’ optimal advertising strategies, taking into account the expected social learning process, and a model for consumers’ movie demand, given an initial indicator of movie quality (critic ratings) as well as an initial level of advertising. Consumers are assumed to be initially uncertain about movie quality. This, however, is resolved over time through Bayesian updating. That process depends upon (1) the number of previous viewers and (2) their ratings reported over the Internet. We then estimate the model parameters using data pertaining to 236 movies that were shown in theaters in the U.S. between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2003. The empirical results show that social learning has a positive multiplier efiect on movie advertising, with the multiplier efiect being strongest for good movies. The simulation of the efiects of social learning relative to a world without such learning shows that for good movies, producers spend substantially more on advertising when there is learning involved than they would if there were no learning. For bad movies, social learning makes much less difierence to the level of advertising expenditures. Thus, the studio’s advertising spending is sensitive to both consumer uncertainty about movie quality and the speed with which potential movie-goers learn about movie quality.
Sensor-Based Random Number Generator Seeding

Random number generators (RNGs) are the foundation of strong security and privacy measures. With an increasing number of smart devices being connected to the Internet, the demand for secure communication will only increase. An important outgrowth of Internet-connected devices is the embedding of sensors. Yet, there remains a paucity of good protocols to provide sensor-based secure RNG seeds. In their raw form, sensor data are a weak source of RNG seeds for two reasons: 1) adversarial control—a malicious party gaining control of the sensor and generating a known data sequence and 2) collinearity across sensors—inherent correlated sequences generated because sensors are embedded in the same device. We propose a new seeding technique that leverages sensor data to provide secure seeds for RNG. Given the current proliferation of sensors and Internet-connectivity on smart devices, this technique could increase cybersecurity in a variety of domains, without additional cost.
Model checking via ΓCFA

We present and discuss techniques for performing and improving the model-checking of higher-order, functional programs based upon abstract interpretation [4]. We use continuation-passing-style conversion to produce an abstractable state machine, and then utilize abstract garbage collection and abstract counting [9] to indirectly prune false branches in the abstract state-to-state transition graph. In the process, we generalize abstract garbage collection to conditional garbage collection; that is, we collect values which an ordinary reaching-based collector would have deemed live when it is provable that such values will never be referenced. In addition, we enhance abstract counting, and then exploit it to more precisely evaluate conditions in the abstract.
NGF gene expression in actively growing brain glia

Previous work suggested that brain NGF acts locally on cells adjacent to sites of synthesis, in addition to any putative actions on distant, projecting perikarya. To define the basis of local action, we used a sensitive nuclease protection assay to identify cells expressing the NGF gene in vivo and in vitro. In addition to neurons, glia from a variety of developing brain areas synthesized NGF mRNA, suggesting that CNS glia exhibit a generalized capacity to express the gene. Expression was associated with active glial growth. Stimulation of growth with serum increased NGF message 2-fold in culture. Moreover, rapidly growing, low-density glial cultures exhibited 8-fold higher levels of NGF mRNA than quiescent, confluent cultures. The optic nerve, which contains all 3 major types of glia, expressed the message in vivo during neonatal development. In contrast, expression was barely detectable in the adult optic nerve. Transection, which induces glial proliferation, elicited de novo appearance of NGF mRNA in the adult nerve. Our observations suggest that active glial growth is associated with expression of the NGF gene and raise the possibility that actively growing glia in the developing or injured brain regulate neuronal growth through the elaboration of NGF.
Ovipositor morphology of cosmetid harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores): A new source of informative characters

The external morphology of the penis is an important source of systematic characters in phylogenetic studies of harvestmen. Modern taxonomic studies generally include micrographs generated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to illustrate penis morphology. In contrast, the external morphology of the ovipositor has largely been ignored for harvestmen belonging to the suborder Laniatores. Comparative studies of ovipositor microanatomy using SEM are especially lacking for species belonging to the superfamily Gonyleptoidea. In an effort to determine if the ovipositor could be a useful source of informative characters for these harvestmen, we investigated interspecific variation in the external morphology of the ovipositor for 14 species from the family Cosmetidae. Our SEM-based study revealed that the external surface of the distal tips of the ovipositors of most species was generally divided into four symmetrical lobes, although we observed a bilobed condition in Erginulus clavotibialis and Erginulus subserialis. The distal surfaces were also generally smooth, with the exception of the ovipositor of Erginulus weyerensis, which featured small surface setae. In addition, we observed considerable interspecific variation in the morphology of the peripheral setae on the distal tip, especially with respect to relative size, morphology of the shaft, and number, symmetry, and shapes of the distal tips. The functional significance, if any, of variation in the structure of the peripheral setae is unclear. Additional behavioral studies of copulation and oviposition are needed to determine the functional relationships between reproductive morphology and behavior. The morphological variation that we observed suggests that future taxonomic studies of cosmetid harvestmen, and potentially other gonyleptoidean taxa, would benefit from the inclusion of descriptions of ovipositor morphology.
Effects of posture-related auditory cueing (PAC) program on muscles activities and kinematics of the neck and trunk during computer work.

Background The etiology of the neck and back discomfort are highly associated with abnormal static posture such as forward head posture and flexed relaxed posture; such postures are regarded as the risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Although, various ergonomic chairs and devices have been developed for computer workers, there are few reports of software that can alert users to their posture or work hours. Objective Purpose of the present study was to investigate the difference of kinematics of the neck and trunk segments as well as muscular activation between condition with and without posture related auditory cueing. Methods Twelve male computer workers were recruited in this study. A posture related auditory cueing (PAC) program used a media file that generated postural correction cue at intervals of 300 seconds. Surface electromyography was used to measure the activity of the erector spine and upper trapezius. Kinematic data were obtained using an ultrasonic three dimensional movement analysis system. Results The results showed that the means of trunk flexion and forward head angle were significantly reduced with PAC. The muscular activity of the erector spine and upper trapezius was significantly higher with the PAC and significantly lower without the PAC. Conclusions Our findings suggested that the software providing PACs is an ergonomic device with positive effects for preventing habitual poor posture and potential for widespread practical usage.
Fractional quantum Hall effect in very-low-density GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs heterostructures.

We report an experimental study of the quantum Hall effect in very-high-quality GaAs/${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As heterostructures in an extremely-low-electron-density regime. At a temperature of \ensuremath{\sim}28 mK, the fractional quantum Hall states at Landau-level filling factors \ensuremath{\nu}=2/3 and 1/3 are observed at a density as low as 7.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{9}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$, and the integral quantum Hall states at \ensuremath{\nu}=2 and 1 are observed at a density as low as 4.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{9}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$. The possibilities of the even-denominator quantization in the lowest (\ensuremath{\nu}2) and second (24) Landau levels in the very-low-density regime have also been investigated. Near the fractional filling factors \ensuremath{\nu}=1/2, 3/2, 3/4, and 5/8, we observe weak inflection points in the Hall resistivity which lie on the classical Hall line, but we do not observe an activated temperature dependence for the diagonal resistivity. The previously reported even-denominator quantization at \ensuremath{\nu}=5/2 is observed at a density as low as 1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{11}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$. We also report evidence for the development of new fractional quantum Hall states at \ensuremath{\nu}=8/11 and 8/13. The \ensuremath{\nu}=8/13 state belongs to a new (inner) branch of higher-order hierarchical states emanating from the \ensuremath{\nu}=2/3 parent state.
To What Extent do Sleep Quality and Duration Mediate the Effect of Perceived Discrimination on Health? Evidence from Philadelphia

Little research investigates whether sleep mediates the adverse effect of perceived discrimination on health and even less is known about whether sleep quality and sleep duration mediate the relationships in the same fashion. We applied a recently developed mediation analysis approach to a survey administered in 2008 in Philadelphia, PA, that includes 9042 adults. Health was measured with self-rated health, stress, and mental illness. Perceived discrimination was operationalized with self-reported discriminatory experience in two social contexts, namely health care system and housing market. Sleep quality and duration were measured with a five-point Likert scale and the self-reported sleep time at night, respectively. After controlling for one's demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related characteristics, the mediation analysis quantified how much sleep quality and duration can account for the effect of perceived discrimination on these health outcomes. The key findings are: (a) sleep quality and duration accounted for approximately 15 to 25% of the adverse effect of perceived discrimination. (b) Sleep quality is more important than sleep duration in mediating the relationship between perceived discrimination and health. (c) The proportion of the effect mediated by sleep differs by the social context where perceived discrimination occurred. It was confirmed that sleep mediates the relationship between perceived discrimination and health and the interventions to improve sleep, particularly sleep quality, should help to attenuate the effect of perceived discrimination on health.
IS Avoidance in Health-Care Groups: A Multilevel Investigation

The information systems (IS) literature has focused considerable research on IS resistance, particularly in the health-care industry. Most of this attention has focused on the impact of IS resistance on systems' initial implementation, but little research has investigated whether and how post-adoption resistance affects performance. We focus on a particular type of post-adoption resistance, which we call IS avoidance, to identify situations in which individuals avoid working with adopted IS despite the need and opportunity to do so. We examine the effects of IS avoidance on patient care delivered by health-care groups across three levels of analysis: the individual level, the shared group level, and the configural group level. We find that IS avoidance is significantly and negatively related to patient care only at the configural group level, which suggests that patient care is not degraded by the number of doctors and/or nurses in a group avoiding a system, but rather by their locations in the group's workflow network configuration. We use qualitative data collected over 16 months at the research site to help explain these results. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Pseudo-obstruction in idiopathic megacolon.

In the case reported herein, an elderly patient developed abdominal distention during his hospitalization for ischemic vascular disease of the lower extremity. An early episode of abdominal distention was thought to be secondary to fecal impaction and responded to nasogastric suction and cleasing enemas. A late episode of distention occurred subsequent to amputation of a gangrenous foot, without demonstrable fecal impaction or obstructive lesions. Rapid distention of the cecum and transverse colon to a cut-off point in the descending colon, with splitting of the teniae of the cecum and pneumoperitoneum suggested the development of pseudo-obstruction and perforation in what proved to be an idiopathic megacolon. Such an incidence has not been demonstrated before and suggests a link between the etiology of pseudo-obstruction and idiopathic megacolon.
Turkey's Engagement with Modernity: Conflict and Change in the Twentieth Century

Celia Kerslake, Kerem Oktem, and Philip Robins (eds.) New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010 ISBN 978‐0‐230‐23314‐0 This volume of twenty‐three essays by eminent scholars in a variety of disciplines co...
Medicolegal issues in perioperative medicine: Lessons from real cases.

Medical malpractice lawsuits are commonly brought against surgeons, anesthesiologists, and internists involved in perioperative care. They can be enormously expensive as well as damaging to a doctor’s career. While physicians cannot eliminate the risk of lawsuits, they can help protect themselves by providing competent and compassionate care, practicing good communication with patients (and their families when possible), and documenting patient communications and justifications for any medical decisions that could be challenged.
Time And Space Resolved X-Ray Spectra Of Imploding Laser Fusion Targets

X-ray crystal spectroscopy of laser produced plasmas has long been considered an important diagnostic of plasma density and temperature.(1) Absorption spectroscopy of the dense transient plasmas existing in imploding laser fusion targets has the potential of being an important avenue of fuel and shell density and temperature diagnosis.(2,3) Meaningful data, however, will require sufficient space and/or time resolution to pinpoint the region of the plasma being diagnosed. In this paper we review recent progress made in this area in studying spherical fusion targets imploded by the 24 beam OMEGA laser system at LLE.(4) Space resolved spectra have been obtained with a multi-frame imaging planar crystal i)ectrometer,(5) and time-resolved data with the SPEAXS curved crystal streak spectrograph.(6'7) The evolution of the intensity of the spectral features as a function of space for different types of targets has been investigated in order to make estimates of the density and temperature of the shell during the final stages of compression of the imploding fusion target. Comparisons of this technique with other diagnostic approaches are also made.
Polagraphic evidence for the formation of a cobalt(I) complex with terpyridine

Abstract AC and DC polarographic studies of the reduction of a divalent cobalt complex containing the ligand 2,2′,2′'-terpyridine were undertaken, and evidence is given for the existence of a stable univalent cobalt complex ion in aqueous solution. Diffusion controlled waves were obtained for the Co(terpy)22+ species in boric acid buffer [ph. 7.5] with and without excess ligand. A small pe-wave which is attributed to adsorption is observed. The heterogeneous rate constant and transfer coefficient are evaluated for the main wave.
Interaction of uncouplers and energy transfer inhibitors with high-energy states of chloroplasts.

Abstract An attempt was made to determine whether Cl-CCP and other known inhibitors and uncouplers of photophosphorylation act on high-energy states of chloroplasts. A theoretical analysis indicated that those uncouplers with a high affinity for high-energy states (Case 1a) could be experimentally distinguished from those which attack phosphorylation sites (Case 2) or have low affinities for the high-energy states (Case 1b) by regulating the rate of electron flow with electron transfer inhibitors such as DCMU. It was found that the uncouplers [Cl-CCP, gramicidin, and nigericin] have a high affinity for high-energy states. On the other hand, uncouplers such as arsenate, NH 4 Cl, quinacrine and chlorpromazine, and energy transfer inhibitors such as synthalin and phlorizin do not have a high affinity for high-energy states.
Popularity and Communication Skills of Preschool Children

Summary The focus of the study was to examine the relationship between communication skills and popularity of preschool children (N = 60) in mixed-age (3 years 2 months to 6 years 6 months) classrooms. Communication skills were measured by assessing children's describing and listening skills utilizing a modified Dickson's Notebook Communication Game. Classroom teachers rank ordered the children in their classrooms from most to least popular. PPVT was utilized to measure children's vocabulary level. Partial correlations controlling for classroom membership resulted in ranked popularity correlating with listening skills but not with ability to describe or with sex of the children; teachers perceived older children to be more popular than younger children. Partial correlations between popularity and each variable controlling for all other variables yielded one significant relationship with age. Implications for mixed-age preschool groups are discussed.
Microchip-based Devices for Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases.

Abstract Microchips, constructed with a variety of microfabrication technologies (photolithography, micropatterning, microjet printing, light-directed chemical synthesis, laser stereochemical etching, and microcontact printing) are being applied to molecular biology. The new microchip-based analytical devices promise to solve the analytical problems faced by many molecular biologists (eg, contamination, low throughput, and high cost). They may revolutionize molecular biology and its application in clinical medicine, forensic science, and environmental monitoring. A typical biochemical analysis involves three main steps: (1) sample preparation, (2) biochemical reaction, and (3) detection (either separation or hybridization may be involved) accompanied by data acquisition and interpretation. The construction of a miniturized analyzer will therefore necessarily entail the miniaturization and integration of all three of these processes. The literature related to the miniaturization of these three processes indicates that the greatest emphasis so far is on the investigation and development of methods for the detection of nucleic acid, followed by the optimization of a biochemical reaction, such as the polymerase chain reaction. The first step involving sample preparation has received little attention. In this review the state of the art of, microchip-based, miniaturized analytical processes (eg, sample preparation, biochemical reaction, and detection of products) are outlined and the applications of microchip-based devices in the molecular diagnosis of genetic diseases are discussed. (Mol Diagn 1996 Sep;1(3):183-200)
Two-stage separation of immature and mature T lymphocytes from myeloerythroid clonogenic bone marrow cells by apheresis and elutriation centrifugation.

Because graft-versus-host disease remains a major complication in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, a number of techniques capable of removing mature T lymphocytes from bone marrow cells have been attempted. The authors describe a simple two-step procedure using counterflow centrifugation elutriation (CCE) that eliminated 95 to 98 percent of the mature T lymphocytes and greater than 97 percent of the T lymphocyte colony-forming units (CFU-T) while concentrating the bone marrow myeloid colony-forming cells. Viability was greater than 98 percent, and 72 to 98 percent of the total cells separated were recovered. Lymphocyte depletion was substantiated by both morphologic and phenotypic criteria using monoclonal antibodies to T lymphocytes, as well as by responsiveness in mixed-lymphocyte cultures and to mitogens. In addition, this technique separated the lymphoid colony- forming cells from the larger myeloid colony-forming cells. It was concluded that this simple two-step CCE procedure can be used to separate T lymphocytes and CFU-T from myeloid colony-forming cells and offers a means of purging T lymphocytes from large numbers of marrow cells that may be required for human allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.