cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lactate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and glucose as substrates for the early postnatal rat brain

The dependence of cerebral energy metabolism upon glucose, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and lactate as fuel sources during the postnatal period was investigated. The brain of 6 day old suckling pups used very little glucose, but by the 15th postnatal day glucose was the major catabolite. Hydroxybutyrate was not a major brain fuel at either 6 or 15 days of age. Its utilization accounted for only 19% of the brain's total energy needs at 15 days of age, even though blood ketone concentrations are near maximal at this time. Seventy percent of the cerebral metabolic requirements were met by lactate in animals aged 6 days. The major role played by lactate as a substrate for brain metabolism in young pups was not a result of abnormally elevated blood lactate concentrations. The slow catabolism of glucose in young brain can not be explained by low rates of influx or inadequate enzymatic capacity.
Measuring knowledge of citizenship rights and responsibilities

Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop and standardize an instrument designed to assess the extent to which people with mental retardation demonstrate knowledge about citizenship rights and responsibilities. The test development phase included: (a) generating 83 items related to six content areas (i.e., human, civil, and legal rights; and moral, civic, and legal responsibilities), and (b) pilot testing these items with 236 members of self-advocacy groups for people with developmental disabilities. The resulting 30-item instrument was standardized with a sample of 391 self-advocates from 13 states. The psychometric properties of the standardized instrument included: a mean performance level of 77% correct; a mean item-total correlation of r ij =.33 ; and an internal consistency reliability coefficient of r α =.82. The instrument's potential usefulness as a device for screening, diagnosis, and program evaluation was supported by its psychometric properties. Future studies could address the use of the instrument with the secondary school age population that faces the transition from school to community.
Numerically Stable Reconstruction of Wavelength-Scale Objects with Sub-Wavelength Resolution

We present numerically stable expansion basis for diffraction-based far-field computational imaging systems and demonstrate the capabilities of reconstructing wavelength-scale objects with wavelength/20 resolution.
ABSORPTIVE REGGE CUTS AND LOCAL DUALITY.

Local-duality properties of an absorption-model Regge-cut amplitude have been investigated in detail. Contrary to previous assertions, we find that this example does not clarify the question of local duality. First, the structure present in the total cross-section does not arise from leading $J$-plane singularities, and, second, the angular momentum content of the bump structure makes it difficult to associate with resonant behavior.
Psychobiology, progressivism, and the anti-progressive tradition.

L'ecole americaine de la psychobiologie defendue par Ashley (K.S.) se distingue par sa vision du progres a travers le monde naturel
SU5416 inhibited VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K/AKT/p70S6K1 signaling pathway

Abstract Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate of any gynecological disease affecting women in Western countries. VEGF is a crucial inducer of angiogenesis both in vivo and in vitro. VEGF is commonly upregulated in ovarian cancer and is regulated by HIF-1. SU5416 is known to inhibit various stages of tumor growth. In this study, we show that SU5416 inhibited VEGF mRNA expression in ovarian cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. SU5416 inhibited VEGF expression at the transcriptional level through the HIF-1 DNA binding site. HIF-1 is composed of HIF-1α and HIF-1β subunits. SU5416 specifically decreased HIF-1α, but not HIF-1β protein levels. To understand the signaling pathways regulating SU5416-inhibited VEGF and HIF-1α expression, we found that SU5416 inhibited PI3K activity. AKT is a downstream target of PI3K. We found that SU5416 also inhibited AKT and p70S6K1 activation and activity in a dose-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that SU5416 inhibited VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the inhibition of PI3K/AKT/p70S6K1 pathway in ovarian cancer cells. These results indicate that SU5416 may be an effective agent for ovarian cancer treatment through the inhibition of VEGF and HIF-1 expression, and the activation of PI3K/AKT/p70S6K1 signaling pathway.
MANDELSTAM SYMMETRIES IN THE COMPLEX ANGULAR MOMENTUM PLANE.

A symmetry found by Mandelstam in the complex $l$ plane for potential scattering is investigated. One consequence of the symmetry is given in the form of logarithmic finite-energy sum rules. A series of proofs of the symmetry for potential scattering is given, culminating in ones using methods that are applicable to off-energy-shell and relativistic scattering. In both these latter cases, this symmetry is disproven in contrast to the more well-known Mandelstam symmetry, which is seen to hold there.
Enhanced and Portable Dependency Projection Algorithms Using Interlinear Glossed Text

As most of the world’s languages are under-resourced, projection algorithms oer an enticing way to bootstrap the resources available for one resourcepoor language from a resource-rich language by means of parallel text and word alignment. These algorithms, however, make the strong assumption that the language pairs share common structures and that the parse trees will resemble one another. This assumption is useful but often leads to errors in projection. In this paper, we will address this weakness by using trees created from instances of Interlinear Glossed Text (IGT) to discover patterns of divergence between the languages. We will show that this method improves the performance of projection algorithms significantly in some languages by accounting for divergence between languages using only the partial supervision of a few corrected trees.
A Cell-penetrating Helical Polymer For siRNA Delivery to Mammalian Cells

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are routinely used for intracellular delivery of a variety of cargo, including drugs, genes, and short interfering RNA (siRNA). Most CPPs are active only upon exposure to acidic environments inside of late endosomes, thereby facilitating the endosomal escape of internalized vectors. Here, we describe the generation of a synthetic polypeptide—PVBLGn-8—that is able to adopt a helical structure independent of pH. Like other CPPs, the helical structure of PVBLGn-8 allows the polypeptide to destabilize membranes. However, since the helix is stable at all physiologically relevant pH values between pH 2 and pH 7.4, the membrane permeation properties of PVBLGn-8 are irreversible. Given its pH-insensitive activity, our results suggest that PVBLGn-8 is able to facilitate efficient siRNA delivery by causing pore formation in the cell membranes through which either free or complexed siRNA is able to diffuse. This nonspecific form of entry into the cell cytosol may prove useful when trying to deliver siRNA to cells which have proven to be difficult to transfect.
Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in emergency department admissions.

BACKGROUND Guidelines for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis exist, yet prophylaxis is underutilized and inadequately studied in the context of emergency department admissions. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to measure the rate of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in emergency department hospitalizations. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Urban, teaching hospital. PATIENTS Adult emergency department admissions INTERVENTION Alternating admissions through the emergency department over 1 month were reviewed. Exclusion criteria were: requiring full anticoagulation, hemodialysis, length of stay less than 2 days, psychiatric admission, and primary physician declined review. An established risk assessment tool classified thromboembolism risk. Appropriate prophylaxis was defined as currently accepted medical or mechanical prophylaxis if in need or no prophylaxis if not indicated. MEASUREMENTS Factors associated with prophylaxis were considered significant if P < .05. RESULTS Of 254 patients, 201 (79%) had indications for prophylaxis, of whom 65 (32%) received it. Seventy-eight percent of prophylaxis orders were written in the first day of hospitalization. Factors related to increased use of prophylaxis included use of standard order sets (OR = 3, P < .009) and increased risk of venous thromboembolism (P < .0001). Factors related to underuse included primary cardiovascular diagnosis (OR = 0.18, P < .0001) and age (OR = 0.97, P < .0001). Eighteen of 26 patients admitted for whom standard order sets were used (69%) received appropriate prophylaxis (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Patients admitted through the emergency department are at high risk of venous thromboembolism. Despite this, venous thromboembolism prophylaxis is underutilized and rarely started after the first day of hospitalization. Use of admission standard order sets on admission from the emergency department may increase thromboembolic prophylaxis. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2007;2:79–85. © 2007 of Hospital Medicine.
Locomotion with flexible propulsors: II. Computational modeling of pectoral fin swimming in sunfish

This paper describes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based investigation of the pectoral fin hydrodynamics of a bluegill sunfish. The pectoral fin of this fish undergoes significant shape-change during its abduction–adduction cycle and the effect of this deformation on the thrust performance remains far from understood. The current study is part of a combined experimental–numerical approach wherein the numerical simulations are being used to examine features and issues that are not easily amenable to the experiments. These numerical simulations are highly challenging and we briefly describe the computational methodology that has been developed to handle such flows. Finally, we describe some of the key computational results including wake vortex topologies and hydrodynamics forces.
High-Throughput Secondary Screening at the Single-Cell Level

We have developed an automated system for drug screening using a single-cell–multiple functional response technology. The approach uses a semiautomated preparatory system, high-speed sample collection, and a unique analytical tool that provides instantaneous results for compound dilutions using 384-well plates. The combination of automation and rapid robotic sampling increases quality control and robustness. High-speed flow cytometry is used to collect single-cell results together with a newly defined analytical tool for extraction of IC 50 curves for multiple assays per cell. The principal advantage is the extreme speed of sample collection, with results from a 384-well plate being completed for both collection and data processing in less than 10 min. Using this approach, it is possible to extract detailed drug response information in a highly controlled fashion. The data are based on single-cell results, not populations. With simultaneous assays for different functions, it is possible to gain a more detailed understanding of each drug/compound interaction. Combined with integrated advanced data processing directly from raw data files, the process from sampling to analytical results is highly intuitive. Direct PubMed links allow review of drug structure and comparisons with similar compounds.
Inhibition of HeLa cell DNA topoisomerase I by ATP and phosphate

The relaxation activity of DNA topoisomerase I from HeLa cell nuclei is strongly inhibited by a variety of purine nucleotides in the presence but not absence of 1 mM potassium phosphate. For ATP, 3-4 mM causes nearly complete inhibition. The 2'-and 3'-AMP isomer are active as well in the presence of 1 mM phosphate, but the 5'-AMP isomer and adenosine are inert. At 3 mM ATP, the titration curve for phosphate is sigmoidal with inhibition beginning abruptly at about 0.5 mM. The negatively-supercoiled DNA isolated from an "inhibited" reaction is relaxed as well as the standard DNA template in the absence of ATP and phosphate suggesting that inhibition does not result from an alteration of the template which protects against its relaxation. Relaxation of positively-supercoiled DNA is also inhibited. Catalysis by E. coli DNA topoisomerase I and HeLa DNA topoisomerase II is not inhibited at concentrations of ATP and phosphate sufficient to cause 80-90% inhibition of HeLa type 1 enzyme.
A prospective randomized controlled trial of dynamic versus static progressive elbow splinting for posttraumatic elbow stiffness.

Background: Both dynamic and static progressive (turnbuckle) splints are used to help stretch a contracted elbow capsule to regain motion after elbow trauma. There are advocates of each method, but no comparative data. This prospective randomized controlled trial tested the null hypothesis that there is no difference in improvement of motion and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores between static progressive and dynamic splinting. Methods: Sixty-six patients with posttraumatic elbow stiffness were enrolled in a prospective randomized trial: thirty-five in the static progressive and thirty-one in the dynamic cohort. Elbow function was measured at enrollment and at three, six, and twelve months later. Patients completed the DASH questionnaire at enrollment and at the six and twelve-month evaluation. Three patients asked to be switched to static progressive splinting. The analysis was done according to intention-to-treat principles and with use of mean imputation for missing data. Results: There were no significant differences in flexion arc at any time point. Improvement in the arc of flexion (dynamic versus static) averaged 29° versus 28° at three months (p = 0.87), 40° versus 39° at six months (p = 0.72), and 47° versus 49° at twelve months after splinting was initiated (p = 0.71). The average DASH score (dynamic versus static) was 50 versus 45 points at enrollment (p = 0.52), 32 versus 25 points at six months (p < 0.05), and 28 versus 26 points at twelve months after enrollment (p = 0.61). Conclusions: Posttraumatic elbow stiffness can improve with exercises and dynamic or static splinting over a period of six to twelve months, and patience is warranted. There were no significant differences in improvement in motion between static progressive and dynamic splinting protocols, and the choice of splinting method can be determined by the patients and their physicians. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Node-specific branching and heterochronic changes underlie population-level differences in Mimulus guttatus (Phrymaceae) shoot architecture

 Premise of the study: Shoot architecture is a fundamentally developmental aspect of plant biology with implications for plant form, function, reproduction, and life history evolution. Mimulus guttatus is morphologically diverse and becoming a model for evolutionary biology. Shoot architecture, however, has never been studied from a developmental perspective in M. guttatus .  Methods: We examined the development of branches and fl owers in plants from two locally adapted populations of M. guttatus with contrasting fl owering times, life histories, and branch numbers. We planted second-generation seed in growth chambers to control for maternal and environmental effects.  Key results: Most branches occurred at nodes one and two of the main axis. Onset of branching occurred earlier and at a greater frequency in perennials than in annuals. In perennials, almost all fl owers occurred at the fi fth or more distal nodes. In annuals, most fl owers occurred at the third and more distal nodes. Accessory axillary meristems and higher-order branching did not infl uence shoot architecture.  Conclusions: We found no evidence for trade-offs between fl owers and branches because axillary meristem number was not limiting: a large number of meristems remained quiescent. If, however, quiescence is a component of meristem allocation strategy, then meristems may be limited despite presence of quiescent meristems. At the two basalmost nodes, branch number was determined by mechanisms governing either meristem initiation or outgrowth, rather than fl owering vs. branching. At the third and more distal nodes, heterochronic processes contributed to fl time and branch number differences between populations.
Participant satisfaction with group and individual components of Adolescent Impact: a secondary prevention intervention for HIV-positive youth

Adolescent Impact, a developmentally targeted behavioral intervention aimed at decreasing risk behaviors and promoting health care adherence, was delivered to 83 HIV-infected youth, aged 13-21 years, receiving care in five urban HIV centers. Participants completed a patient satisfaction survey following the 12 part intervention consisting of seven groups and five individual sessions. A feedback questionnaire was also completed during each group session to gain more insight on participant experiences. Several indicators suggested high levels of satisfaction. First, overall attendance was relatively high. Second, participants rated their subjective experience and group content favorably. No differences in satisfaction ratings emerged between perinatally infected adolescents and those who acquired HIV through risk behaviors. However, differences emerged regarding perceived intervention utility and content-specific preferences. Findings suggest that Adolescent Impact participants were satisfied with the intervention and that a heterogeneous group of HIV-infected youth could be advantageously integrated into the same secondary prevention program.
Wee-1 Kinase Inhibition Overcomes Cisplatin Resistance Associated with High-Risk TP53 Mutations in Head and Neck Cancer through Mitotic Arrest Followed by Senescence

Although cisplatin has played a role in "standard-of-care" multimodality therapy for patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC), the rate of treatment failure remains particularly high for patients receiving cisplatin whose tumors have mutations in the TP53 gene. We found that cisplatin treatment of HNSCC cells with mutant TP53 leads to arrest of cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, leading us to hypothesize that the wee-1 kinase inhibitor MK-1775 would abrogate the cisplatin-induced G2 block and thereby sensitize isogenic HNSCC cells with mutant TP53 or lacking p53 expression to cisplatin. We tested this hypothesis using clonogenic survival assays, flow cytometry, and in vivo tumor growth delay experiments with an orthotopic nude mouse model of oral tongue cancer. We also used a novel TP53 mutation classification scheme to identify which TP53 mutations are associated with limited tumor responses to cisplatin treatment. Clonogenic survival analyses indicate that nanomolar concentration of MK-1775 sensitizes HNSCC cells with high-risk mutant p53 to cisplatin. Consistent with its ability to chemosensitize, MK-1775 abrogated the cisplatin-induced G2 block in p53-defective cells leading to mitotic arrest associated with a senescence-like phenotype. Furthermore, MK-1775 enhanced the efficacy of cisplatin in vivo in tumors harboring TP53 mutations. These results indicate that HNSCC cells expressing high-risk p53 mutations are significantly sensitized to cisplatin therapy by the selective wee-1 kinase inhibitor, supporting the clinical evaluation of MK-1775 in combination with cisplatin for the treatment of patients with TP53 mutant HNSCC.
Impact of September 11 World Trade Center disaster on children and pregnant women

Background: Children are uniquely sensitive to toxic exposures in the environment. This sensitivity reflects children's disproportionately heavy exposures coupled with the biologic vulnerability that is a consequence of their passage through the complex transitions of early development.Methods and Results: To assess effects on children's health associated with the attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) of September 11, 2001, research teams at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine and other academic health centers in New York City launched a series of clinical and epidemiologic studies. Mount Sinai investigators undertook a prospective analysis of pregnancy outcomes in 182 women who were pregnant on September 11, 2001, and who had been either inside or within 0.5 miles of the WTC at the time of the attacks; they found a doubling in incidence of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) among infants born to exposed mothers as compared to infants born to unexposed women in northern Manhattan. A Columbia research team examined pregnancy outcomes in 329 women who lived, worked or gave birth in lower Manhattan in the 9 months after September 11; they found that these women gave birth to infants with significantly lower birth weight and shorter length than women living at greater distances from Ground Zero. NYU investigators documented increased numbers of new asthma cases and aggravations of preexisting asthma in children living in lower Manhattan. Mount Sinai mental health researchers documented a significant increase in mental health problems in children who directly witnessed the attacks and subsequent traumatic events; these problems were most severe in children with a past history of psychological trauma. The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene established a WTC Registry that has enrolled over 70,000 persons of all ages in lower Manhattan and will follow the health of these populations to document on a continuing basis the health consequences of September 11. Language: en
THE PERIURETHRAL GLANDS DO NOT SIGNIFICANTLY INFLUENCE THE SERUM PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN CONCENTRATION

AbstractPurpose: The periurethral glands are known to produce prostate specific antigen (PSA). With ultra-sensitive assays now routinely available, it is necessary to determine if the periurethral glands significantly influence serum PSA concentration after radical prostatectomy.Materials and Methods: Serum PSA levels of 46 men, 51 to 89 years old (median age 67) who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy and total urethrectomy, were compared with those of 92 men 46 to 91 years old (median age 67) who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy only. All men had transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder without gross or microscopic evidence of prostate cancer and all underwent ileal conduit diversion. Serum was obtained at least 1 year postoperatively. Each specimen was analyzed using the Tosoh, [dagger] Immulite, [double dagger] and Yu and Diamandis ultra-sensitive PSA assays with analytical detection limits of 0.02 ng./ml., 0.004 ng./ml. and 0.002 ng./ml., respectively.[dagger] Tosoh Corp., Tokyo, Japan.[double...
Placement of a Femoral Venous Catheter

A femoral venous catheter may be necessary when peripheral access to the circulatory system is compromised and no other sites for placing a central catheter are available. This video demonstrates the insertion of a femoral venous catheter and explains the indications and potential complications.
Collagen Structure and Stability

Collagen is the most abundant protein in animals. This fibrous, structural protein comprises a right-handed bundle of three parallel, left-handed polyproline II-type helices. Much progress has been made in elucidating the structure of collagen triple helices and the physicochemical basis for their stability. New evidence demonstrates that stereoelectronic effects and preorganization play a key role in that stability. The fibrillar structure of type I collagen—the prototypical collagen fibril—has been revealed in detail. Artificial collagen fibrils that display some properties of natural collagen fibrils are now accessible using chemical synthesis and self-assembly. A rapidly emerging understanding of the mechanical and structural properties of native collagen fibrils will guide further development of artificial collagenous materials for biomedicine and nanotechnology.
`The Editorial Family of Al-Kateb Bows in Respect': The Construction of Martyrdom Text Genre in One Palestinian Political and Literary Magazine

Fifty-nine `Martyrs' Lists' of 1650 Palestinians killed during the Palestinian Uprising against the Israeli occupation are analyzed to shed light on what Freedman and Medway (1994: 2) call `the rhe...
High performance in vivo near-IR (>1 μm) imaging and photothermal cancer therapy with carbon nanotubes

Short single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) functionalized by PEGylated phospholipids are biologically non-toxic and long-circulating nanomaterials with intrinsic near infrared photoluminescence (NIR PL), characteristic Raman spectra, and strong optical absorbance in the near infrared (NIR). This work demonstrates the first dual application of intravenously injected SWNTs as photoluminescent agents for in vivo tumor imaging in the 1.0–1.4 μm emission region and as NIR absorbers and heaters at 808 nm for photothermal tumor elimination at the lowest injected dose (70 μg of SWNT/mouse, equivalent to 3.6 mg/kg) and laser irradiation power (0.6 W/cm2) reported to date. Ex vivo resonance Raman imaging revealed the SWNT distribution within tumors at a high spatial resolution. Complete tumor elimination was achieved for large numbers of photothermally treated mice without any toxic side effects after more than six months post-treatment. Further, side-by-side experiments were carried out to compare the performance of SWNTs and gold nanorods (AuNRs) at an injected dose of 700 μg of AuNR/mouse (equivalent to 35 mg/kg) in NIR photothermal ablation of tumors in vivo. Highly effective tumor elimination with SWNTs was achieved at 10 times lower injected doses and lower irradiation powers than for AuNRs. These results suggest there are significant benefits of utilizing the intrinsic properties of biocompatible SWNTs for combined cancer imaging and therapy.
Altered extracellular matrix expression in the diverted fetal sheep bladder.

Purpose: It is unclear whether filling and emptying are important to bladder development. We tested this in an experimental preparation.Material and Methods: Urinary diversion was performed in 7 fetal lambs at 90 days of gestation and 6 unoperated fetal lambs served as controls. Transmural sections were analyzed for changes in tissue layer thickness and/or composition after 14 days of urinary diversion. Matrix mRNA levels (collagen I and III, and FN) as well as the cytokines/growth factors IGF-1, EGR-1, WT-1 and BCL-2 were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Hydroxyproline measurements of total collagen and collagen subtype quantification were done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: Diverted fetal bladders showed a 27% and 57% decrease in mucosal and detrusor muscle layer thickness, respectively. In contrast, there was a 270% increase in serosal layer thickness in diverted bladders. The mRNA levels of COL1A1, COL3A1, IGF-1, EGR-1 and the anti-apoptotic gene BCL-2 were increased s...
Cytology of the gastrointestinal tract: opportunities to be tapped

Abstract Impact of utilization of GI tract cytology has followed technological advancements. Earlier brush cytology was extensively utilized for upper and lower GI tract pathology for diagnosis of infections and malignancies. Over a period of time this advantage of cytology assessment has been rapidly declining. Development of endoscopic ultrasound imaging and its associated fine needle aspiration continues to find new indications for performing this modality. Developments in area of translational research continue to find opportunities for utilizing cytology samples obtained from GI tract. At current times it is observed that EUS-FNA finds its greatest niche for diagnosis of submucosal lesions. Utilization of immunohistochemical stains as well as molecular studies now increases power of this technique. This article reviews areas where GI tract cytology could be utilized to the advantage of patient care.
An E-band 1 W-class PHEMT power amplifier MMIC

A set of E-band power amplifiers (PAs) which support the 71–76 GHz- and 81–86 GHz-bands with a gain of 25 dB and P1dB of greater than 25 dBm is presented. The final stage of each PA MMIC combines four unit amplifiers in parallel. The saturation output power level is between 25 dBm and 30 dBm. The maximum saturation output power level is achieved at the 71 GHz. The unit amplifier for each band is a parallel combination of a pair of 2-stage amplifiers and designated carefully to avoid stray oscillations. The PHEMT epi-wafer was selected among several candidates to employ the maximum current density property. Additionally, the final-stage unit amplifier was constructed so as to suppress the odd-mode excitation. As a result, a stable 1 W-class PA for E-band applications was achieved.
Motion of Curves and Solitons

A large class of physical, chemical, and biological systems can be modeled in terms of their contour dynamics, namely the kinematics and dynamics of their boundaries [329, 248, 249]. In many situations (e.g., when the inside bulk has the property of being “incompressible”) such contour representations are the most natural, and are simpler ones. Basically, the contour dynamics approach reduces the problem to the study of motion of curves and surfaces, especially the closed ones. In this chapter, we focus on the analysis of the motion of curves in the three-dimensional Euclidean space.
La primera y Ia Ultima aventura de Bigas Luna: En los lindes de lo marginal

El presente articulo se propone explorar la creation audiovisual del director catalan Bigas Luna con base en su primer y su ultimo trabajo a Ia fecha, distanciados en un plazo de treinta afios —1976 y 2006 respectivamente— con el fin de evidenciar el salto cualitativo en su filmografia, con condiciones distintas de produccion, donde su estetica tinder round evoluciona a otra mas comercial, definitivamente mas consolidada.
Extreme solar event of AD775: Potential radiation exposure to crews in deep space

Abstract The existence of a historically large cosmic event in AD774 or 775, of probable solar origin, has recently been confirmed from records of 14 C levels in tree rings located at widely separated locations on Earth, 10 Be records in polar ice cores, and historical records of aurora sightings. Usoskin et al. (2013) [16] suggest that such an event, of solar origin, would have a proton fluence of ~4.5×10 10 cm −2 at energies above 30 MeV, with a hard energy spectrum comparable to the event of 23 February 1956. In this work we investigate the possible radiation exposures to crews of missions on the surface of Mars, from such an event. In this work we use the HZETRN radiation transport code, originally developed at NASA Langley Research Center, and the Computerized Anatomical Male and Female human geometry models to estimate exposures for a variety of aluminum shield areal densities similar to those provided by a spacesuit, surface lander, and permanent habitat on the Martian surface. Comparisons of the predicted organ exposures with recently-recommended radiation exposure limits are made. Potential health effects on crews, of such an event, are also discussed.
Factors Contributing to Priority or Nonpriority of Males of Two Heterocerids (Coleoptera) Sharing the Same Habitat

Neoheterocerus pallidus (Say) and Centuriatus auromicans (Kiesenwetter) live near water and construct galleries in wet mud. They are also similar biologically but differ in the mode of fertilization. In N. pallidus, motile spermatozoa from several males mix in the tiny, spherical spermatheca prior to fertilization, and spermatogenesis is intimately correlated with mating and oviposition. In C. auromicans, on the other hand, nonmotile spermatozoa are tightly packed in the large, saclike spermatheca and the spermatozoa from the last male fertilize the majority of eggs; free spermatozoa are produced continuously irrespective of either mating or oviposition. In addition, N. pallidus is more active and its population is much denser than that of C. auromicans. The evolutionary value of these factors is discussed.
Comment on "Representation of vector electromagnetic beams"

The omission of a class of beam modes by Pattanayak and Agrawal is rectified, and the relationship of the representation of electromagnetic beams used by them to that used by the present authors is clarified.
Arterial prosthesis of microporous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene for construction of aorta-pulmonary shunts

A new arterial prosthesis made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was evaluated in 10 infants with complex cyanotic congenital heart disease. All grafts used were 4 mm. in diameter and varied in length from 0.8 to 6 cm. The grafts were anastomosed to the main pulmonary artery or its bifurcation in 8 infants and to the right and left pulmonary arteries in one each. There were two early deaths, one of which was related to shunt failure. The advantages of a shunt to the main pulmonary artery are obvious, and the intraoperative procedure is facilitated with the prosthesis. Follow-up averages 9 months in the 8 survivors, and the patients have nearly doubled their preoperative weight. A shunt murmur is present in each case and the children have mild-to-moderate cyanosis at rest. Repeat aortograms in 2 patients, 8 and 10 months postoperatively, show a smooth graft without luminal narrowing. The aortic oxygen saturations were 73 per cent. The PTFE graft and lor anastomoses will not grow with the growth of the child and therefore may not accommodate growth by increased flow. This may prove to be a limiting factor in its long-term use in infants. We reserve the use of these grafts for infants with complex cyanotic defects undergoing emergency surgery or in older children in whom a conventional shunt is not possible or a previous shunt has failed.
Nonanalog Implementations of Monte Carlo Isotopic Inventory Analysis

Three variance reduction techniques for the ongoing development of Monte Carlo isotopic inventory analysis are implemented as alternatives to improve the precision of Monte Carlo simulations. The Forced Reaction technique is designed to force an atom to undergo a predefined number of reactions in a given control volume. Biased Reaction Branching is primarily focused on improving statistical results of the isotopes that are produced from rare reaction pathways. Biased Source Sampling is aimed at increasing frequencies of sampling rare initial isotopes as the starting Monte Carlo particles. A variety of test problems is uniquely designed to demonstrate the validity and the improvement, relative to the analog problem, of each technique. The increases in precision due to the variance reduction techniques usually come at the expense of longer computing times per history. A figure of merit (FOM) is developed as a tool to monitor the efficiency of Monte Carlo simulations with variance reduction schemes. A number of statistical characteristics of Monte Carlo isotopic inventory calculations are used to construct a variety of FOM formulations. Two of them offer robust FOMs: one based on the relative error of a known target isotope (1/R 2 T ) and one based on the overall detection limit corrected by the relative error (1/D k R 2 T ). Figures of merit are later used to quantitatively assess the efficiencies of Monte Carlo simulations under different scopes of interest. Given a defined set of variance reduction parameters to produce desired effects, the efficiency measurements from an FOM agree with the expected performance.
Computational Geometry — Then and Now

In this paper we explore the development of solutions to five key problems in the computational geometry of the plane. The problems we consider were chosen on the basis of their longevity, their significance in computational geometry and the existence of reasonable solutions to each. In each case, the problem has been actively considered for a decade by both practitioners and theoreticians. The set of problems gives an accurate overview of the problems and methods of computational geometry (in the plane). In most cases, the solutions are practical and we will describe implementation issues. Where appropriate, we discuss extensions to higher dimensions.
Neurobiology of infant attachment: Attachment despite adversity and parental programming of emotionality

We review recent findings related to the neurobiology of infant attachment, emphasizing the role of parenting quality in attachment formation and emotional development. Current findings suggest that the development of brain structures important for emotional expression and regulation (amygdala, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus) is deeply associated with the quality of care received in infancy, with sensitive caregiving providing regulation vital for programming these structures, ultimately shaping the development of emotion into adulthood. Evidence indicates that without sensitive caregiving, infants fail to develop mechanisms needed for later-life emotion and emotion regulation. Research suggests that a sensitive period exists in early life for parental shaping of emotional development, although further cross-species research is needed to discern its age limits, and thus inform interventions.
Poster: Android Malware Detection using Multi-Flows and API Patterns

This paper proposes a new technique for detecting mobile malware based on information flow analysis. Our approach focuses on the structure of information flows we gather in our analysis, and the patterns of behavior present in information flows. Our analysis not only gathers simple flows that have a single source and a single sink, but also Multi-Flows that either start from a single source and flow to multiple sinks, or start from multiple sources and flow to a single sink. This analysis captures more complex behavior that both recent malware and recent benign applications exhibit. We leverage N-gram analysis to understand both unique and common behavioral patterns present in Multi-Flows. Our tool leverages N-gram analysis over sequences of API calls that occur along control flow paths in Multi-Flows to precisely analyze Multi-Flows with respect to app behavior.
Plasmonic enhancement of photoacoustic signal for sensing applications

AlGaN/GaN based heterostructures have attracted significant research interests in recent years for sensing very small scale displacement utlizing their unique piezoelectric properties. AlGaN/GaN heterojunction based Field Effect Transisitors (HFETs), when embedded at the base of a GaN cantilever, can be utilized to transduce a very small displacement with much higher Gauge Factor (GF) than their Si counterparts, by using the piezoelectric polarization induced change in two dimensional electron gas density at the heterojunction interface [1][2]. Specifically, detection of femtometer level of photoacoustic signal was demonstrated using these ultra-sensitive piezotransistive microcantilevers [3]. In this work, we have investigated the plasmonic effects of Au nanoparticles to dramatically enhance the magnitude of photoacoustic waves generated, which can have very significant impact on chemical and bio-analyte detection.
Tracking shifts in Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) larval habitat suitability on the Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf

Climate change has altered the oceanographic environment and subsequently the habitats of marine species. Fish and invertebrate populations’ responses to habitat include movement with latitude and depth to remain within their fundamental niches. The northwest Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) population has fluctuated over the last century due in part to changes in the environment. We used species distribution models to understand the influence of the physical (temperature) and biological (zooplankton) environment on mackerel larval abundance, and how such relations have determined larval habitat suitability in the Northeast U.S. Shelf. Atlantic mackerel larval presence and abundance correlated with sea temperature and copepod abundances, suggesting that larval survival may be sensitive to specific temperatures and zooplankton prey. Predicted abundances were spatially interpolated to estimate Atlantic mackerel larval suitable habitat. Metrics for habitat quality indicate that the Mid-Atlantic Bight has become less suitable over time. Since the 1970s, the proportion of Northeast U.S. Shelf suitable habitat located in the Mid-Atlantic Bight has decreased, as southern New England and the western Gulf of Maine regions have become more suitable. Habitat suitability within the Northeast U.S. Shelf has shifted northeast: from the Mid-Atlantic Bight-southern New England border towards the northeast portion of southern New England. While total Northeast U.S. Shelf habitat suitability has decreased since the 1970s, the decline in the time series trend was not statistically significant. Thus, while select ecoregions have decreased in habitat suitability, larval habitat does not appear to be the only contributor to decreases in the U.S. Atlantic mackerel contingent.
Key Recovery Attack on the Cubic ABC Simple Matrix Multivariate Encryption Scheme

In the last few years multivariate public key cryptography has experienced an infusion of new ideas for encryption. Among these new strategies is the ABC Simple Matrix family of encryption schemes which utilize the structure of a large matrix algebra to construct effectively invertible systems of nonlinear equations hidden by an isomorphism of polynomials. The cubic version of the ABC Simple Matrix Encryption was developed with provable security in mind and was published including a heuristic security argument claiming that an attack on the scheme should be at least as difficult as solving a random system of quadratic equations over a finite field.
Pairwise similarity calculation of information networks

We focus on extensions to the pairwise similarity calculation of information networks. By considering both in- and out-link relationships, we propose Additive- and Multiplicative-SimRank to calculate the similarity score. Then we discuss the loop/cycles problem of information networks and propose a method to address this problem. Our extensive experimental results conducted on eight food web data sets show that our approach performs significantly better than earlier approaches.
Global sensitivity analysis of water age and temperature for informing salmonid disease management

Abstract Many rivers in the Pacific Northwest region of North America are anthropogenically manipulated via dam operations, leading to system-wide impacts on hydrodynamic conditions and aquatic communities. Understanding how dam operations alter abiotic and biotic variables is important for designing management actions. For example, in the Klamath River, dam outflows could be manipulated to alter water age and temperature to reduce risk of parasite infections in salmon by diluting or altering viability of parasite spores. However, sensitivity of water age and temperature to the riverine conditions such as bathymetry can affect outcomes from dam operations. To examine this issue in detail, we conducted a global sensitivity analysis of water age and temperature to a comprehensive set of hydraulics and meteorological parameters in the Klamath River, California, where management of salmonid disease is a high priority. We applied an analysis technique, which combined Latin-hypercube and one-at-a-time sampling methods, and included simulation runs with the hydrodynamic numerical model of the Lower Klamath. We found that flow rate and bottom roughness were the two most important parameters that influence water age. Water temperature was more sensitive to inflow temperature, air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, flow rate, and wet bulb temperature respectively. Our results are relevant for managers because they provide a framework for predicting how water within ‘high infection risk’ sections of the river will respond to dam water (low infection risk) input. Moreover, these data will be useful for prioritizing the use of water age (dilution) versus temperature (spore viability) under certain contexts when considering flow manipulation as a method to reduce risk of infection and disease in Klamath River salmon.
Toward a Dynamic Theory of Open Online Collaboration Communities

This paper reports a research in progress aimed at building an integrated theoretical framework for studying ‘open online collaboration communities’. A dynamic feedback modeling and simulation approach is suggested for exploring and articulating a preliminary theoretical framework, which will be useful in analyzing policy options for improving the performance of a range of open online collaboration communities.
CQI Applications to Management in the Emergency Department: Development of a Nursing Protocol for Radiography of Suspected Cervical Spine Injuries

Since the late 1980s, there has been an increased use of quality improvement (CQI) activities at community hospitals. In 1990, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO) began to reorient away from retrospective approaches such as quality assurance (QA) towards CQI, a more prospective approach to quality management that depends on statistical monitoring of processes. One challenge for community hospitals has been to develop the necessary computer and statistical expertise required for successful QI teams. Nevertheless, many are developing a CQI focus. In 1994, the Joint Commission began use of CQI indicators for obstetric and anesthesia services. In anticipation of the need for emergency services to participate in CQI for the purposes of Joint Commission accreditation, teams were developed in the Emergency Department (ED) of Potomac Hospital in 1993.
An Extension Theorem for Euler Characteristics of Groups

We give a homological definition of the Euler characteristic μ(G) of a group G; if N is a normal subgroup of G with quotient group H, and if μ(H) and μ(N) are defined, then μ(G) is defined, and is the product of the other two. Several conjectures and problems are proposed.
Adaptive Methods for the Solution of the Wigner-Poisson System

A numerical method, based on spectral collocation, for the solution of the Wigner-Poisson system is presented. A numerical example is briefly discussed.
Quantitative analysis of the reduction kinetics of a Pt(II) precursor in the context of Pt nanocrystal synthesis

In this letter, we report a quantitative analysis of how a Pt(II) precursor is reduced to atoms at different temperatures for the formation of Pt nanocrystals with different morphologies and sizes. Our results suggest that in the early stage of a synthesis, the Pt(II) precursor is reduced to atoms exclusively in the solution phase, followed by homogeneous nucleation to generate nuclei and then seeds. At a relatively low reaction temperature such as 22°C, the growth of the seeds is dominated by autocatalytic surface reduction that involves the adsorption and then reduction of the Pt(II) precursor on the surface of the just-formed seeds. This particular growth pathway results in relatively large assemblies of Pt nanocrystals. When the reaction temperature is increased to 100°C, the dominant reduction pathway will be switched from surface to solution phase, producing much smaller assemblies of Pt nanocrystals. Our results also demonstrate that a similar trend applies to the seed-mediated growth of Pt nanocrystals in the presence of Pd nanocubes.
Heterogeneous Reasoning

During the 1990s, we developed the theory of formal heterogeneous deduction: logically valid inference that involves information expressed using multiple different representations. The Hyperproof program was developed as an implementation of that theory, and permitted deductions using sentences of first-order logic and blocks world diagrams.We have since been generalizing both the theory and the implementation to allow applications in a wide variety of domains.