cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessing tritium contamination on three surfaces

Abstract The performance of the wipe test using filter papers or cotton swabs was examined in order to determine recoveries of contamination on selected surfaces by low energy, β emitting radioisotopes. Filter papers or cotton swabs were saturated with Scintiverse BD, Ultima Gold, Contrad 70, dish soap, methanol, ethyl acetate, or maintained dry. Wipes were taken from Formica, stainless steel or polyurethane treated wood surfaces which were previously treated with [3H]triolein or [3H]thymidine. There were significant differences between recoveries by dry and saturated wipes. The dry wipes had poor overall recoveries which were less than 8% from any surface using either filter papers or cotton swabs. Saturated wipes had recoveries up to 50% but were significantly influenced by the saturating solution and the chemical form of the radioisotope. Cotton swabs yielded similar results when compared to filter papers for recoveries of both compounds from the three surfaces. Surface type had a significant influence on the recoveries of both compounds during the wipe test.
THE DEATH OF ANNA KATHARINA EHMER: A CASE STUDY IN TERMINAL LUCIDITY

Terminal lucidity, the unexpected return of mental clarity and memory shortly before the death of patients suffering from severe psychiatric and neurologic disorders, has raised the curiosity of numerous physicians and laypersons in the past. However, this peculiar phenomenon has received little attention in the recent decades. In previous publications, we have presented overviews of cases of terminal lucidity in various neurologic and psychiatric disorders. In this article, we highlight terminal lucidity in persons with mental disabilities, and focus on one of the most remarkable cases that have been reported. We provide biographical background information about the two principal witnesses who reported this case. It concerns the death of Anna Katharina Ehmer, a 26-year-old woman with severe mental disabilities who lived in an institution for people with mental disorders, and who had allegedly never spoken a single word during her life. Yet, she was reported to have sung dying songs for a half hour before she died. The case was reported by the head of this institution and by its chief physician. We consider it difficult to evaluate the authenticity of the case definitively in retrospect. Nevertheless, there are similar cases and a variety of other anomalous brain-related findings we consider worth investigating. Studies into such anomalous cases might improve our concepts of human brain functioning and of mental processing in persons with mental disabilities, and might be of special value for the dying, the bereaved, and caretakers.
The Design of a Practical Proof Checker for a Lazy Functional Language

Pure, lazy functional languages like Haskell provide a sound basis for formal reasoning about programs in an equational style. In practice, however, equational reasoning about correctness proofs is underutilized. In the context of Haskell, we suggest that part of the reason for this is the lack of accessible tools for machine-checked equational reasoning. This paper outlines the design of MProver, a proof checker which fills just that niche. MProver features first-class support for reasoning about potentially undefined computations particularly important in a lazy setting, and an extended notion of Haskell-like type classes, enabling a highly modular style of program verification that closely follows familiar functional programming idioms.
Energy and performance models for clocked and asynchronous communication

Parameterized first-order models for throughput, energy, and bandwidth are presented in this paper. Models are developed for many common pipeline methodologies, including clocked flopped, clocked time-borrowing latch protocols, asynchronous two-cycle, four-cycle, delay-insensitive, and source synchronous. The paper focuses on communication costs which have the potential to throttle design performance as scaling continues. The models can also be applied to logic. The equations share common parameters to allow apples-to-apples comparisons against different design targets and pipeline methodologies. By applying the parameters to various design targets, one can determine when unclocked communication is superior at the physical level to clocked communication in terms of energy for a given bandwidth. Comparisons between protocols at fixed targets also allow designers to understand tradeoffs between implementations that have a varying degree of timing assumptions and design requirements.
Bioinspired Design of Dynamic Materials

An emerging approach for design of dynamic materials involves mimicking natural systems, which are adept at changing their structure and function in response to their environment. Biological systems possess a diverse range of dynamic mechanisms, including competitive ligand―protein binding, enzyme-catalyzed remodeling, and allosteric protein conformational changes. These dynamic mechanisms are now being exploited by materials scientists and engineers to design "bioinspired" synthetic materials that undergo responsive assembly and disassembly as well as dynamic volume and shape changes. The purpose of this review is to describe recent progress in design and development of bioinspired dynamic materials, with a particular emphasis on hydrogel networks. We specifically focus on emerging approaches that use biological phenomena as an inspiration for design of materials.
The lin-15 locus encodes two negative regulators of Caenorhabditis elegans vulval development

During Caenorhabditis elegans vulval development, an inductive signal from the anchor cell stimulates three of the six vulval precursor cells (VPCs) to adopt vulval rather than nonvulval epidermal fates. Genes necessary for this induction include the lin-3 growth factor, the let-23 receptor tyrosine kinase, and let-60 ras. lin-15 is a negative regulator of this inductive pathway. In lin-15 mutant animals, all six VPCs adopt vulval fates, even in the absence of inductive signal. Previous genetic studies suggested that lin-15 is a complex locus with two independently mutable activities, A and B. We have cloned the lin-15 locus by germline transformation and find that it encodes two nonoverlapping transcripts that are transcribed in the same direction. The downstream transcript encodes the lin-15A function; the upstream transcript encodes the lin-15B function. The predicted lin-15A and lin- 15B proteins are novel and hydrophilic. We have identified a molecular null allele of lin-15 and have used it to analyze the role of lin-15 in the signaling pathway. We find that lin-15 acts upstream of let-23 and in parallel to the inductive signal.
Chronic physical health problems moderate changes in depression and substance use among dual diagnosed individuals during and after treatment

Background: Physical illnesses frequently co-occur with depression and substance use disorders and may impact their improvement. Physical illness symptoms may overlap with or exacerbate somatic symptoms of depression. Individuals may use substances to cope with symptoms of physical illness. Objectives: We examined whether chronic physical health problems moderated changes in depression and substance use among dual diagnosed individuals during and in the year following treatment. Methods: Participants were recruited from a Veterans Affairs dual diagnosis outpatient program between March 2000 and November 2007 and were randomized to either Integrated Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy or Twelve-Step Facilitation Therapy. A total of 214 veterans with assessment data for the variables of interest were included in analyses. Participants completed quarterly depression, substance use, and health assessments over an 18 month period. We used linear-mixed effects models to analyze patterns of change for depression and su...
Unpacking the Placement of American Indian and Alaska Native Students in Special Education Programs and Services in the Early Grades: School Readiness as a Predictive Variable

In this article, Jacob Hibel, Susan Faircloth, and George Farkas investigate the persistent finding that American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) students are overrepresented in special education. Using data from the kindergarten cohort of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, the authors compare the third-grade special education placement rate of AI/AN students to that of other racial/ethnic groups. They find that approximately 15 percent of AI/AN third-graders received special education services, a rate far higher than that of the other racial and ethnic groups. However, using multilevel regression analysis to control for a number of confounding factors, including socioeconomic status and test scores at school entry, they find no statistically significant difference between the special education placement rates of AI/AN and non-Hispanic white students. Controlling for a range of school characteristics, they also find that schools with a higher proportion of AI/AN students place these students in spec...
Toward a safe integrated clinical environment: a communication security perspective

With a vision emerging for dynamically composable and interoperable medical devices and information systems, many communication standards have been proposed, and more are in development. However, few include sufficiently comprehensive or flexible security mechanisms to meet current and future safety needs. In this work, we enumerate security requirements for the communication stack of a medical composition framework. We then survey existing medical and non-medical communication standards and find significant gaps between required properties and those that can be fulfilled even by combinations of currently standardized protocols. This paper is meant to inform future work on building such a comprehensive protocol stack or standardizing protocols and protocol suites that satisfy the properties needed for safe and secure next-generation device coordination.
Cross-National Comparisons of Time Trends in Overweight Inequality by Socioeconomic Status Among Women Using Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys From 37 Developing Countries, 1989–2007

Chronic diseases are now among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in lower income countries. Although traditionally related to higher individual socioeconomic status (SES) in these contexts, the associations between SES and chronic disease may be actively changing. Furthermore, country-level contextual factors, such as economic development and income inequality, may influence the distribution of chronic disease by SES as well as how this distribution has changed over time. Using overweight status as a health indicator, the authors studied repeated cross-sectional data from women aged 18–49 years in 37 developing countries to assess within-country trends in overweight inequalities by SES between 1989 and 2007 (n ¼ 405,550). Meta-regression was used to examine the associations between gross domestic product and disproportionate increases in overweight prevalence by SES, with additional testing for modification by country-level income inequality. In 27 of 37 countries, higher SES (vs. lower) was associated with higher gains in overweight prevalence; in the remaining 10 countries, lower SES (vs. higher) was associated with higher gains in overweight prevalence. Gross domestic product was positively related to faster increase in overweight prevalence among the lower wealth groups. Among countries with a higher gross domestic product, lower income inequality was associated with faster overweight growth among the poor. developing countries; economic development; health status disparities; obesity; overweight; socioeconomic factors
Reactions to novel and familiar stimuli as a function of schizophrenic withdrawal.

3 groups of schizophrenics, selected in such a way as to represent 3 degrees of withdrawal (Very Withdrawn, n = 19; Moderately Withdrawn, n = 22; and Not Withdrawn, n = 24) were compared on the relative times spent viewing novel and familiar pictures projected onto a screen. The hypothesis was that the novel pictures, as compared with the familiar pictures, would be less appealing to the withdrawn than to the non-withdrawn schizophrenics, as reflected in the times spent viewing the two types of slides. The results supported the hypothesis.
Development of a poly-gate NMOS process for research and teaching

An integrated circuit fabrication facility has been developed at the University of Florida which is suitable for undergraduate laboratories, research in process technology, and studies in DFM (design for manufacturability). The NMOS process described represents the first step toward the long-range goal of developing a CMOS technology. The design goals for the University of Florida NMOS (UF NMOS) process were to check the performance limits of the fabrication facilities and to develop a process flow which could be integrated into a one semester undergraduate laboratory. Processing capabilities include ion implantation and low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) of polysilicon and silicon dioxide. The availability of these processes allows design of an all-implanted technology including threshold-adjustment implants and polysilicon gates with a self-aligned MOS structure. The process description is given. Process design tools and layout tools are described. Testing procedures are outlined, and the laboratory implementation is discussed. Measured data flow from NMOS devices are included. >
Balancing Emotion and Cognition : a Case for Decision Aiding in Conservation Efforts

Despite advances in the quality of participatory decision making for conservation, many current efforts still suffer from an inability to bridge the gap between science and policy. Judgment and decision-making research suggests this gap may result from a person's reliance on affect-based shortcuts in complex decision contexts. I examined the results from 3 experiments that demonstrate how affect (i.e., the instantaneous reaction one has to a stimulus) influences individual judgments in these contexts and identified techniques from the decision-aiding literature that help encourage a balance between affect-based emotion and cognition in complex decision processes. In the first study, subjects displayed a lack of focus on their stated conservation objectives and made decisions that reflected their initial affective impressions. Value-focused approaches may help individuals incorporate all the decision-relevant objectives by making the technical and value-based objectives more salient. In the second study, subjects displayed a lack of focus on statistical risk and again made affect-based decisions. Trade-off techniques may help individuals incorporate relevant technical data, even when it conflicts with their initial affective impressions or other value-based objectives. In the third study, subjects displayed a lack of trust in decision-making authorities when the decision involved a negatively affect-rich outcome (i.e., a loss). Identifying shared salient values and increasing procedural fairness may help build social trust in both decision-making authorities and the decision process.
Further studies on seismic discrimination

Further data on the shape of the Ms: mb (6.5 ≧ mb ≧ 4.0) curve for shallow-focus ( D < 50 km) earthquakes are given along with theoretical explanations of the observed relationships. The frequency and probable cause of “anomalous” earthquakes is discussed. Capability of simple identification criteria (depth ≧ 50 km, detected Rayleigh waves of adequate amplitude, and/or location more then 25 km at sea), based on use of only a fraction of presently available data, is demonstrated. The magnitude of the mixed event (mixed surface waves of earthquakes) problem as it effects identification as well as procedures for circumventing the problem are demonstrated. Finally, recommendations are made for solving some other residual discrimination problems.
Effects of Parental Risk and Prenatal Stress on Pregnancy Outcome

The general hypothesis that anomalies in the environment profoundly affect the conceptus has received extensive support from teratological studies throughout this century (Stockard, 1910; Hale, 1935; Joffe, 1969). Sontag (1941) was one of the first to extend this hypothesis to include variations in emotional status during pregnancy. Thompson (1957) found that administering maternal emotional traumas during pregnancy resulted in increased emotionality in newborn rat pups. His report was followed by a number of other rodent studies, including a wide range of stress and behavioral measures. Most manipulations produced changes in the offsprings’ behavior; however, the specificity and directionality of the effects have not been consistent.
Improved dot size uniformity and luminescence of InAs quantum dots on InP substrate

InAs self-organized quantum dots have been grown in InGaAs quantum well on InP substrates by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. We find out that the underlying InGaAs layer could affect the dot growth dramatically in terms of size distribution and luminescence efficiency. After inserting a thin GaAs interface layer between the underlying InGaAs and the InAs QD layer, improved dot size uniformity and strong room temperature photoluminescence up to 2 /spl mu/m were observed. The results suggest that InAs from the underlying InGaAs layer contribute to the InAs QD formation, and cause the InAs QDs to be non-uniform, but a thin GaAs interface layer could effectively block the migration of In atoms from the InGaAs layer toward InAs QDs, and therefore lead to more uniform QD formation with better luminescence efficiency.
Innovations of the NetSolve Grid Computing System

SUMMARY 5 The NetSolve Grid Computing System was first developed in the mid 1990s to provide users with seamless access to remote computational hardware and software resources. Since then, the system has benefitted from many enhancements like security services, data management faculties and distributed storage infrastructures. This article is meant to provide the reader with details regarding the present state of the project, describing the current architecture of the system, its latest innovations and other systems 10 that make use of the NetSolve infrastructure. Copyright  2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synoptic Frontal Analysis: Time for a Reassessment?

Abstract For over a half-century, the Bergen School conceptual model of cyclone structure and development has dominated the practice of synoptic meteorology, especially regarding the techniques by which surface synoptic charts are analyzed. Although the Norwegian paradigm captures some of the essential features of cyclone evolution, research and practical application over the last 60-odd years have revealed significant deficiencies, several of which are discussed in this paper. The Bergen model has also been applied in regions and under conditions quite unlike those for which the model was originally developed. Knowledge of these problems by many in the research and operational communities has had little impact on the manner in which synoptic charts are analyzed or the way the subject is described in many textbooks. Deficiencies In the underlying conceptual model of cyclone development have been compounded by a lack of consistent and well-defined procedures for defining fronts and for analyzing surface sy...
First Time Versus Repeat Filers: The Likelihood of Completing a Chapter 13 Bankruptcy Repayment Plan

Factors that explain the likelihood of completing a Chapter 13 repayment plan were identified. Using data from 489 Georgia participants who completed a 3-hour workshop, how factors differed for first-time and repeat filers were investigated. Results indicated that repeat filers were more likely than first-time filers to start an emergency fund, to reduce spending, and to write a spending plan. For repeat filers, six of seven recommended financial management practices were related to the likelihood of completing the Chapter 13 plan. For first-time filers, one practice, organization of financial records, was related to a higher likelihood to complete the Chapter 13 plan. Financial knowledge scores were not related to the likelihood of plan completion for either group.
Branching Heliophyllum (Devonian rugose corals) from New York and Ohio

Solitary species of Heliophyllum are the most common form of the genus but branching and massive colonies do occur, especially in Middle Devonian strata of eastern North America. Heliophyllum delicatum n. sp. offsets laterally and has a dendroid, broad bushy growth form. The species is known only from western and west-central New York and appears to be limited to the lower part of the Deep Run Shale Member of the Moscow Formation (middle Givetian); specimens are common within this restricted geographic and stratigraphic range. The skeleton of H. delicatum was poorly designed for the common coral environments of the Devonian, but seems to have been well adapted to muddy, carbonate-poor conditions where its thin skeletal elements required less calcium carbonate and its unsupported branches were not subject to vigorous water movement.Heliophyllum stewarti n. sp. is based on a single specimen from the Tenmile Creek Dolomite (middle Givetian) in northwestern Ohio. The colony is phaceloid but each branch is an astreoid cluster without walls between individual corallites. In addition, the apparent protocorallite is turbinate with a larger diameter than any of the ceratoid offsets although offset lengths are several times that of the protocorallite.
The Evolution of the Neurological Basis of Human Sociality

Humans are evolved apes, and one of the most distinctive features of contemporary great apes, with whom humans share a good percentage of their genes, is the lack of sociality at the group level. Thus, if the group is the foundation of human societies, as so many claim, it is not a natural unit for an evolved ape like Homo sapiens. There are no bioprogrammers for group formation among humans, as there is for many other mammals that naturally form packs, troops, pods, herds, and other collective formations. Moreover, despite behavioral propensities for some reciprocity, empathy, and even justice calculations among present-day apes, these would have been insufficient for hominins (the ancestors of humans), just as they are for great apes today, to sustain permanent groups. In this chapter, our goal is to outline the route that natural selection took to get around the low-sociality of the last common ancestor to humans and present-day apes. Natural selection significantly rewired the subcortical areas of the hominin brain to make the ancestors of humans successively more emotional; and it is from these new behavioral capacities that humans form social bonds and develop a sense of group solidarity. However, using emotion to form solidarities is a double-edged sword because so many human emotions and, indeed, three-quarters of primary emotions among mammals are negative—thus making human groupings potentially unstable, especially without direct bioprogrammers for group formation wired into the human brain.
High-throughput microfluidic device for single cell analysis using multiple integrated soft lithographic pumps

The ability to accurately control fluid transport in microfluidic devices is key for developing high-throughput methods for single cell analysis. Making small, reproducible changes to flow rates, however, to optimize lysis and injection using pumps external to the microfluidic device are challenging and time-consuming. To improve the throughput and increase the number of cells analyzed, we have integrated previously reported micropumps into a microfluidic device that can increase the cell analysis rate to ∼1000 cells/h and operate for over an hour continuously. In order to increase the flow rates sufficiently to handle cells at a higher throughput, three sets of pumps were multiplexed. These pumps are simple, low-cost, durable, easy to fabricate, and biocompatible. They provide precise control of the flow rate up to 9.2 nL/s. These devices were used to automatically transport, lyse, and electrophoretically separate T-Lymphocyte cells loaded with Oregon green and 6-carboxyfluorescein. Peak overlap statistics predicted the number of fully resolved single-cell electropherograms seen. In addition, there was no change in the average fluorescent dye peak areas indicating that the cells remained intact and the dyes did not leak out of the cells over the 1 h analysis time. The cell lysate peak area distribution followed that expected of an asynchronous steady-state population of immortalized cells.
Abstract 6: Continuous Plasma S1p-dependent Signaling by Apically Polarized S1Pr1 Supports Endothelial Barrier Function

Sphingosine-1-phosphate, generated by sphingosine kinases (Sphk1 and 2), acts at its receptor S1Pr1 to maintain vascular homeostasis. The gradient of S1P concentration (low micromolar in plasma vs. low nanomolar in tissue) suggests two non-mutually exclusive models via which S1P maintains the endothelial barrier: 1) plasma S1P communicates continuously with the endothelium to maintain vascular integrity and regulate vascular leak, or 2) compartmentalization of S1P and S1Pr1 enables sensing of plasma extravasation and a dynamic response to leak. To distinguish between these models, we examined endothelial responses to apical vs. basolateral application of S1P in vitro and S1Pr1 subcellular localization in vivo. Addition of S1P to the upper (apical) chamber of transwells containing EA.hy926 endothelial monolayers triggered ERK activation. Surprisingly, addition of these agonists to the lower (basolateral) chamber was without effect. Similar results were obtained with the S1Pr1 agonist SEW2871, but the PAR1 agonist SFLLRN triggered ERK activation from either chamber. By immunofluorescence staining and surface biotinylation of EA.hy926 cells, S1Pr1 protein was present predominantly on the apical surface. Similarly, staining of mouse trachea microvessels revealed S1Pr1 on CD31-positive membranes apical, but not basal, to the endothelial cell nucleus. S1Pr1 staining co-localized with the apical membrane marker podocalyxin but not the basal marker β1-integrin. The level of S1Pr1 protein in endothelial cells in mice lacking plasma S1P (Sphk1 flox/-; Sphk2 -/-; Mx-1 cre) was twice that in littermate controls. Deletion of S1Pr1 from the endothelium (S1Pr1 flox/-; Cdh5 Cre) resulted in a 6-fold increase in vascular permeability compared to littermate controls. Preliminary data suggests that S1Pr1 inactivation alters the phosphorylation state of VE-cadherin. These results suggest that S1Pr1 is polarized to the luminal membrane of endothelial cells where it is continuously activated but only partially downregulated by plasma S1P and that ongoing activation of S1Pr1 by S1P in plasma is required to maintain endothelial barrier function.
Strong genetic differentiation in the invasive annual grass Bromus tectorum across the Mojave–Great Basin ecological transition zone

Bromus tectorum, an inbreeding annual grass, is a dominant invader in sagebrush steppe habitat in North America. It is also common in warm and salt deserts, displaying a larger environmental tolerance than most native species. We tested the hypothesis that a suite of habitat-specific B. tectorum lineages dominates warm desert habitats. We sampled 30 B. tectorum Mojave Desert and desert fringe populations and genotyped 10–26 individuals per population using 69 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers. We compared these populations to 11 Great Basin steppe and salt desert populations. Populations from warm desert habitats were dominated by members of two haplogroups (87 % of individuals) that were distinct from haplogroups common in Great Basin habitats. We conducted common garden studies comparing adaptive traits and field performance among haplogroups typically found in different habitats. In contrast to the haplogroup abundant in sagebrush steppe, warm desert haplogroups generally lacked a vernalization requirement for flowering. The most widespread warm desert haplogroup (Warm Desert 1) also had larger seeds and a higher root:shoot ratio than other haplogroups. In the field, performance of warm desert haplogroups was dramatically lower than the sagebrush steppe haplogroup at one steppe site, but one warm desert haplogroup performed as well as the steppe haplogroup under drought conditions at the other site. Our results suggest that B. tectorum succeeds in widely disparate environments through ecotypic variation displayed by distinct lineages of plants. Accounting for this ecotypic variation is essential in modeling its future distribution in response to climate change.
Hobby Lobby as a Land Use Case: Charting For-Profit RLUIPA Claims

Hobby Lobby has provoked much discussion. However, scarce attention has been given to its potential impact on RLUIPA litigation, particularly, the novel possibility of for-profit corporations asserting claims under this statute. There is little reason to suppose that Justice Alito’s opinion on the scope of RFRA would not similarly apply to RLUIPA. Therefore, closely-held businesses, from big-box franchises to mom-and-pop shops, may be able to invoke federal protection against zoning decisions that burden their owner’s religious exercise. How this complicates the balance of American federalism — by increasing federal interference with traditional state prerogatives over zoning, yet also generating new dialogue on the scope of individual rights — should be discussed and revealed in time.
Expression of Integrin-Linked Kinase on Renal Tubulointerstitium in Children with Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Nephritis

Objective To explore the effect of integrin-linked kinase(ILK) on tubulointerstitial histopathologic lesions in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis(HSPN).Methods One hundred and eighty-eight children(male 113,female 75) with HSPN who had renal biopsies done in the study.The mean duration of illness was 23 days(range:7 days to 18.3 months).The age was 3 to 17 years old.These patients had been in hospital from Dec.2006 to Dec.2008.Fifteen children with thin basement membrane nephropathy were as control group in the study.The expressions of ILK on renal tubulointerstitium in children with HSPN were examined by immunity histochemistry method.The levels of urinary retinol-binding protein(RBP)and β2-microglobulin(β2-MG) were examined by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The renal tubulointerstitium histopathologic lesions were shown by the counting score.According to the coun-ting score of renal tubulointerstitium histopathologic lesions,188 children with HSPN were divided into mild tubulointerstitium lesions,moderate tubulointerstitium lesions and severe tubulointerstitium lesions.The correlations between ILK expression levels and histopathologic lesion degrees in renal tubulointerstitium,and urinary RBP and β2-MG levels were studied in children with HSPN.Results The levels of ILK expression in renal tubulointrism in control group,mild degree,moderate degree and serious degree renal tubulointrism injuring of HSPN children were(3.12±0.81)%,(9.95±2.44)%,(15.40±3.79)%,(25.86±5.96)%(Pa0.01),respectively.There were positive correlations between ILK expression and levels of urinary RBP and β2-MG,respectively,in HSPN children(r=0.872,0.843 Pa0.01).Conclusions There are correlation between ILK expression in kidney and renal tubulointrism injuring in children with HSPN,which suggests that ILK may play an important role in renal tubulointrism in children with HSPN.
Active and passive chloride transport by the rabbit cortical collecting duct

Dietary K intake has been shown to influence solute flux in the cortical collecting duct (CCD). We recently observed active Cl secretion by the CCD when rabbits were fed a K-rich diet. The present studies examined two different methods of K loading (KHCO3 or KCl) on net Cl flux (JNet Cl), active Cl flux (JA Cl), and passive Cl flux (JP Cl) by the rabbit CCD. These two methods of K loading were compared with a low-K diet (control or NaHCO3 diet) that had the same anion composition as the KHCO3 diet (Na for K substitution). In the low-K group there was neither significant net Cl transport nor active Cl secretion. Increasing dietary K content (KHCO3 group) resulted in significant net Cl secretion (JNet Cl = -26.3 +/- 9.3 pmol.mm-1.min-1). Moreover, K secretion was significantly greater (23.8 +/- 4.3 pmol.mm-1.min-1) and transepithelial voltage (VT) was more lumen negative (-14.8 +/- 5.9 mV) compared with the low-K group (P less than 0.05). Consequently, there was both significant passive Cl absorption and significant active Cl secretion. In the KCl group there was significant net Cl absorption (JNet Cl = 17.2 +/- 5.1 pmol.mm-1.min-1, P less than 0.05 vs. low-K diet). However, Na absorption significantly exceeded JNet Cl (JNet Na = 42.0 +/- 7.2 pmol.mm-1.min-1, P less than 0.01), and this group also exhibited the most lumen-negative voltage (VT = -35.4 +/- 5.4 mV).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Angle-Resolved X-Ray Photoemission Studies of Surface Atomic Geometries and Bulk Valence Bands

In this paper I shall briefly review two recent developments in angle-resolved x-ray photoemission (XPS) studies of single crystals: the use of adsorbate core-level angular distributions for determining surface atomic geometries, and the use of angle-resolved valence spectra for band-structure studies. Both of these areas share a common characteristic in that, in certain respects, it appears to be possible to simplify the analysis of such angle-resolved XPS data because the exciting photoelectrons have rather high kinetic energies of ~103 eV.
Setting Priorities: The Timing and Indications for Rheumatoid Surgical Procedures

The proper selection of rheumatoid surgical candidates and performance of the correct procedure at the appropriate time are often of greater importance than the specific surgical technique used. This chapter will seek to provide the reader with an understanding of the operative indications and guidance in individualizing surgical goals for the rheumatoid patient. The first priority is establishing patient concerns with the symptoms. These are then correlated with physical exam findings and radiographic analysis. Four indications set the basis for surgical intervention: (1) pain, (2) loss of function, (3) prevention of disease progression, and (4) aesthetic consideration. A thorough work-up and perioperative medical management plan should be in place prior to proceeding to surgery. The entire upper extremity, from the shoulder to the distal interphalangeal joints, should be assessed for evidence of rheumatologic change. In many circumstances, proximal disease or deformities impacting more distal joints should be addressed prior to correction of distal disease processes. A treatment plan that addresses the patient’s concerns and reduces the number of surgical procedures can be formulated and tailored to each individual patient. For the rheumatoid patient, the surgeon should correct as many patient concerns as possible in a single operation.
Heterogeneous QoS-Driven Resource Adaptation over Full-Duplex Relay Networks

To support the emerging next era of mobile wireless networks, researchers have made a great deal of efforts in investigating promising techniques in multimedia services - the statistical quality-of-service (QoS) technique, which has been proved to be effective in statistically guaranteeing delay-bounded video transmissions over the time-varying wireless channels. On the other hand, as the 5G- promising techniques, the full-duplex (FD) technique can also significantly enhance the performance of statistical QoS for real-time traffic over 5G mobile wireless networks. However, due to the heterogeneity caused by different types of simultaneous traffics over the wireless FD relay links, supporting diverse delay-bounded QoS guarantees for wireless FD relay networks imposes many new challenges not encountered before. To effectively overcome the aforementioned problems, in this paper we propose the heterogeneous QoS-driven resource adaptation scheme by applying the full-duplex relaying scheme. In particular, under the Nakagami-m fading model, we establish the system model for the decode and forward (DF) protocol based FD relay system. Then, we propose the FD based relay selection model. Given the heterogeneous statistical QoS constraints, we derive and analyze the effective capacity under our developed optimal power-adaptation policies for the FD relays over 5G mobile wireless networks. Also conducted is a set of simulations which show that our proposed scheme outperforms the other existing schemes in terms of self- interference cancellation to efficiently implement the heterogeneous statistical QoS over FD relay networks.
Validation of embedded element method in the prediction of white matter disruption in concussions

A better understanding of the axonal injury would help us develop improved diagnostic tools, protective measures, and rehabilitation treatments. Computational modeling coupled with advanced neuroimaging techniques might be a promising tool for this purpose. However, before the models can be used for real life applications, they need to be validated and cross-verified with real life scenarios to establish the credibility of the model. In this work, progress has been made in validating a human head finite element model with embedded axonal fiber tractography (using embedded element method) using pre- and post-diffusion tensor imaging data (DTI) of a concussed athlete. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was used to determine the microstructural changes during injury. These damaged locations correlated well with the damaged locations observed from the finite element model. This work could be characterized as a first step towards the development of a more comprehensively validated human head finite element model.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Haunted Infrastructure: Religious Ruins and Urban Obstruction in Vietnam

This essay examines encounters between urban infrastructure and the spirit world, or what I am calling “haunted infrastructure.” It does so through the case study of an historic pagoda in Vinh City, Vietnam, that was destroyed by US aerial bombing in 1968, leaving only the charred front gate standing. As one of the last visible ruins of war that mark a history of imperial violence to the landscape, the pagoda's remains have been designated a site worthy of remembrance and preservation as architectural heritage. For urban residents, this symbolic space of urban destruction—and subsequent myth-making—has remained one of the most affect-laden places in the city and the center of renewed religious practices through the spontaneous reconstruction of the pagoda and its altars. In the essay, I trace the dynamic social life of Diệc Pagoda—co-constituted by spirits, legends, and practitioners—as it abetted and disrupted colonial, socialist, and market-oriented urban development. Drawing on Edensor's (2005) notion of the productive capacity of the ruin to contest state power, I argue that religious ruins, as animated materiality that channel collective energies, have emerged as powerful sites to protest the encroachment of socialist development in and through the ghosts that inhabit them. While contemporary practices at Diệc Pagoda speak to religious diversification across urban Vietnam, they do so through obstructing, rather than enabling state projects of modernization. Haunted infrastructures and their attenuating myths thus reveal deep-seated ambivalences about the postcolonial state and the specter of foreignness in the city. [Ruins; Urbanization; Infrastructure; Socialism; Urban Heritage; Religiosity; Ghosts]
Resveratrol inhibits obesity-associated adipose tissue dysfunction and tumor growth in a mouse model of postmenopausal claudin-low breast cancer.

Adipose tissue dysregulation, a hallmark of obesity, contributes to a chronic state of low-grade inflammation and is associated with increased risk and progression of several breast cancer subtypes, including claudin-low breast tumors. Unfortunately, mechanistic targets for breaking the links between obesity-associated adipose tissue dysfunction, inflammation, and claudin-low breast cancer growth have not been elucidated. Ovariectomized female C57BL/6 mice were randomized (n = 15/group) to receive a control diet, a diet-induced obesity (DIO) diet, or a DIO + resveratrol (0.5% wt/wt) diet. Mice consumed these diets ad libitum throughout study and after 6 weeks were orthotopically injected with M-Wnt murine mammary tumor cells, a model of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative claudin-low breast cancer. Compared with controls, DIO mice displayed adipose dysregulation and metabolic perturbations including increased mammary adipocyte size, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, inflammatory eicosanoid levels, macrophage infiltration, and prevalence of crown-like structures (CLS). DIO mice (relative to controls) also had increased systemic inflammatory cytokines and decreased adipocyte expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and other adipogenesis-regulating genes. Supplementing the DIO diet with resveratrol prevented obesity-associated increases in mammary tumor growth, mammary adipocyte hypertrophy, COX-2 expression, macrophage infiltration, CLS prevalence, and serum cytokines. Resveratrol also offset the obesity-associated downregulation of adipocyte PPARγ and other adipogenesis genes in DIO mice. Our findings suggest that resveratrol may inhibit obesity-associated inflammation and claudin-low breast cancer growth by inhibiting adipocyte hypertrophy and associated adipose tissue dysregulation that typically accompanies obesity.
An Unsupervised Approach for Online Detection and Mitigation of High-Rate DDoS Attacks Based on an In-Memory Distributed Graph Using Streaming Data and Analytics

A Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is an attempt to make an online service, a network, or even an entire organization, unavailable by saturating it with traffic from multiple sources. DDoS attacks are among the most common and most devastating threats that network defenders have to watch out for. DDoS attacks are becoming bigger, more frequent, and more sophisticated. Volumetric attacks are the most common types of DDoS attacks. A DDoS attack is considered volumetric, or high-rate, when within a short period of time it generates a large amount of packets or a high volume of traffic. High-rate attacks are well-known and have received much attention in the past decade; however, despite several detection and mitigation strategies have been designed and implemented, high-rate attacks are still halting the normal operation of information technology infrastructures across the Internet when the protection mechanisms are not able to cope with the aggregated capacity that the perpetrators have put together. With this in mind, the present paper aims to propose and test a distributed and collaborative architecture for online high-rate DDoS attack detection and mitigation based on an in-memory distributed graph data structure and unsupervised machine learning algorithms that leverage real-time streaming data and analytics. We have successfully tested our proposed mechanism using a real-world DDoS attack dataset at its original rate in pursuance of reproducing the conditions of an actual large scale attack.
Hating waiting: Individual differences in willingness to wait in uncertainty

Difficulty tolerating uncertainty has been linked to heightened negative affect and risk for various forms of psychopathology. Willingness to tolerate uncertainty is usually assessed by self-report...
Growth of Quaternary and Pentanary Cu 2 ZnSn(S 1−x Se x ) 4 Absorbers

This chapter mainly describes how to grow Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films by vacuum and nonvacuum processes because the right growth process is very important to have good quality thin film to achieve high-efficiency thin-film solar cells. The CZTS thin films are grown by different techniques, such as chemical solution process, ink-jet printing, screen printing, spin coating, spray, thermal vacuum evaporation, reactive sputtering, sputtering, pulsed laser deposition, and electrodeposition techniques. More or less similar techniques are too employed to grow CZTSe or CZTSSe thin films. All the grown metal stacks or semiconductor layers, such as CZT, CZTS, or CZTSe are sulfurized or selenized under S or Se atmosphere to obtain device quality thin films for solar cell. This post annealing process is well illustrated by pointing optimized conditions.
Where Do We Stand on Closely-Held Firm Valuation?

This paper contains a review of issues pertaining to the valuation of privately held businesses, noting significant inconsistencies in the rationale and approaches taken in the valuation process. In addition to suggesting that appraisers stay with the "tried and true" rather than testing the obsolete, it may be desirable for an experiment to be conducted with a "friends of the Tax Court" idea, in which a few select extremely well qualified appraisers offer assistance in the Tax Court's deliberations on valuation issues.
Smoothing with blackouts

Motivated by recent work of Pavon [l], we develop a new, efficient algorithm for a smoothing problem with missing data. Our approach is based on the method of complementary models introduced by Weinert and Desai [2]. We also discuss parallel implementation of our algorithm.
PALLADIUM- OR NICKEL-CATALYZED CROSS COUPLING INVOLVING PROXIMALLY HETEROFUNCTIONAL REAGENTS

A wide variety of proximally heterofunctional organometallics and organic electrophiles participate in the Pd-or Ni-catalyzed cross coupling. Those reagents that contain α-heterofunctional groups include metal cyanides, acyl halides, α-metallovinyl ethers, α-heteroarylmetals, and α-silylorganometals. Since α-heteroorganometallics containing alkali metals or Mg do not readily react with alkenyl or aryl electrophiles, the Pd or Ni catalysis provides an attractive solution to this general problem. Metal enolates and α-halocarbonyl compounds represent a synthetically interesting class of β-heterofunctional reagents. Ketone and aldehyde enolates containing B and Zn undergo a remarkably facile and selective allylation catalyzed by Pd-phosphine complexes. The reaction promises to significantly expand the scope of the enolate alkylation. 1,4-and 1,5-Dicarbonyl compounds suitable for annulation are readily and selectively obtained by using 2,3-dichloropropene and 1,3-dichloro-2-butene, respectively. The Pd-catalyzed reaction of chloroiodoethene with alkynylzincs provides the corresponding chloroenynes readily convertible into terminal diynes which, in turn, are convertible into unsymmetrical diynes. The Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of γ-heterosubstituted allylic electrophiles provides a synthetic equivalent to conjugate addition via allylation, while that of β-halo-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds permits conjugate substitution.