cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in gastric glandular cell kinetics after small bowel resection in the rat

Abstract The proliferation of gastric mucosal cells was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats after a 50% resection involving the proximal small intestine. Two months after the operation, resected and control animals were given either a single or four successive intraperitoneal injections of 1 μCi of [ 3 H]thymidine per g of body weight. Animals from each group were killed 1 hr after the single injection and 3, 7, 30, and 60 days after the first multiple dose injection of [ 3 H]thymidine. The number of labeled parietal, chief, and mucous cells of the gastric glands were measured. At the 3-, 7-, 30-, and 60-day periods, the percentages of labeled parietal and chief cells were significantly increased in animals with small bowel resection when compared with corresponding controls. The percentages of labeled mucous cells of the gastric glands were also increased in animals with small bowel resection at the 3- and 7-day periods. One hour after a single injection of [ 3 H]thymidine, the percentage of labeled gastric mucosal progenitor cells in animals with small bowel resection, although increased, was not significantly different from that in controls. It is, therefore, believed that the increases in percentage labeling of gastric glandular epithelial cells at 3, 7, 30, and 60 days could not solely be explained on the basis of an increased turnover rate of gastric progenitor cells. Rather, it might be concluded that the increase in glandular epithelial cells is accomplished, in part, by increased differentiation of gastric progenitor cells.
Development of a Dental Implantable Temperature Sensor for Real-Time Diagnosis of Infectious Disease

Implantable sensors capable of real-time measurements are powerful tools to diagnose disease and maintain health by providing continuous or regular biometric monitoring. In this paper, we present a dental implantable temperature sensor that can send early warning signals in real time before the implant fails. Using a microfabrication process on a flexible polyimide film, we successfully fabricated a multi-channel temperature sensor that can be wrapped around a dental implant abutment wing. In addition, the feasibility, durability, and implantability of the sensor were investigated. First, high linearity and repeatability between electrical resistance and temperature confirmed the feasibility of the sensor with a temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) value of 3.33 × 10–3/°C between 20 and 100 °C. Second, constant TCR values and robust optical images without damage validated sufficient thermal, chemical, and mechanical durability in the sensor’s performance and structures. Lastly, the elastic response of the sensor’s flexible substrate film to thermal and humidity variations, simulating in the oral environment, suggested its successful long-term implantability. Based on these findings, we have successfully developed a polymer-based flexible temperature sensor for dental implant systems.
Measurements show that marginal wells are a disproportionate source of methane relative to production.

Oil and natural gas wells are a prominent source of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4), but most measurements are from newer, high producing wells. There are nearly 700,000 marginal “stripper” wells ...
Symplectic Dolbeault operators on Kähler manifolds

For a Kahler manifold \(M\), the “symplectic Dolbeault operators” are defined using the symplectic spinors and associated Dirac operators, in complete analogy to how the usual Dolbeault operators, \(\bar{\partial }\) and \(\bar{\partial }^*\), arise from Dirac operators on the canonical complex spinors on \(M\). We give special attention to two special classes of Kahler manifolds: Riemann surfaces and flag manifolds (\(G/T\) for \(G\) a simply-connected compact semisimple Lie group and \(T\) a maximal torus). For Riemann surfaces, the symplectic Dolbeault operators are elliptic and we compute their indices. In the case of flag manifolds, we will see that the representation theory of \(G\) plays a role and that these operators can be used to distinguish (as Kahler manifolds) between the flag manifolds corresponding to the Lie algebras \(B_n\) and \(C_n\). We give a thorough analysis of these operators on \(\mathbb{C } P^1\) (the intersection of these classes of spaces), where the symplectic Dolbeault operators have an especially interesting structure.
Constitutional Interpretation: Textual Meaning, Original Intent, and Judicial Review

Constitutional scholarship has deteriorated into a set of armed camps, with defenders of different theories of judicial review too often talking to their own supporters but not engaging their opponents. This book breaks free of the stalemate and reinvigorates the debate over how the judiciary should interpret the Constitution. Keith Whittington reconsiders the implications of the fundamental legal commitment to faithfully interpret our written Constitution. Making use of arguments drawn from American history, political philosophy, and literary theory, he examines what it means to interpret a written constitution and how the courts should go about that task. He concludes that when interpreting the Constitution, the judiciary should adhere to the discoverable intentions of the Founders. Other originalists have also asserted that their approach is required by the Constitution but have neither defended that claim nor effectively responded to critics of their assumptions or their method. This book sympathetically examines the most sophisticated critiques of originalism based on postmodern, hermeneutic, and literary theory, as well as the most common legal arguments against originalists. Whittington explores these criticisms, their potential threat to originalism, and how originalist theory might be reconstructed to address their concerns. In a non-dogmatic and readily understandable way, he explains how originalist methods can be reconciled with an appropriate understanding of legal interpretation and why originalism has much to teach all constitutional theorists. He also shows how originalism helps realize the democratic promise of the Constitution without relying on assumptions of judicial restraint. This book carefully examines both the possibilities and the limitations of constitutional interpretation and judicial review. It shows us not only what the judiciary ought to do, but what the limits of appropriate judicial review are and how judicial review fits into a larger system of constitutional government. With its detailed and wide-ranging explorations in history, philosophy, and law, this book is essential reading for anyone interested in how the Constitution ought to be interpreted and what it means to live under a constitutional government.
Evaluation of supraglottic airway device use during inhalation anesthesia in healthy African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris)

Abstract Objective To evaluate a supraglottic airway device (SGAD) designed for rabbits in African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) during inhalation anesthesia. Study design Prospective, randomized, blinded experimental study. Animals A total of 12 adult African pygmy hedgehogs (seven male, five female). Methods Hedgehogs were placed in a chamber and anesthesia was induced using isoflurane in oxygen. Oropharyngeal endoscopy was performed and video recorded. The SGAD (v-gel R1) was inserted and connected to a Mapleson D circuit. Capnography, pulse oximetry and physiologic variables were measured during anesthesia, and lung inflation was tested at 10 and 20 cmH2O. With the SGAD temporarily disconnected, anesthetized hedgehogs were randomly positioned into right and left lateral, dorsal and sternal recumbency to evaluate the effect of a change in body position on SGAD placement. Oropharyngeal endoscopy was repeated at the end of anesthesia, and recovery time was recorded. Pre- and post-SGAD placement endoscopy videos were retrospectively reviewed and scored for gross trauma. Results The median [interquartile range (IQR)] time to successful SGAD placement was 38 (16–68) seconds. The time to SGAD placement decreased as the study progressed. SGAD required repositioning in six hedgehogs, median 2.5 (IQR, 1–3.5) adjustments each, to successfully perform lung inflation or maintain capnography readings. Lung inflation at 10 cmH2O was successfully performed without leakage in nine animals, and in the other three animals after adjusting the SGAD at 1–2 time points. Inflation at 20 cmH2O was rarely achieved without an air leak. Changes in heart and respiratory rates during anesthesia were not clinically relevant. Median endoscopic scores were 0 (no lesions) for both pre-and postplacement. Conclusions and clinical relevance The SGAD was relatively quickly and easily placed, permitted lung inflation and caused no significant oropharyngeal damage. The SGAD is a practical option for airway management in African pygmy hedgehogs.
Knowledge Sheaves: A Sheaf-Theoretic Framework for Knowledge Graph Embedding

Knowledge graph embedding involves learning representations of entities -- the vertices of the graph -- and relations -- the edges of the graph -- such that the resulting representations encode the known factual information represented by the knowledge graph are internally consistent and can be used in the inference of new relations. We show that knowledge graph embedding is naturally expressed in the topological and categorical language of \textit{cellular sheaves}: learning a knowledge graph embedding corresponds to learning a \textit{knowledge sheaf} over the graph, subject to certain constraints. In addition to providing a generalized framework for reasoning about knowledge graph embedding models, this sheaf-theoretic perspective admits the expression of a broad class of prior constraints on embeddings and offers novel inferential capabilities. We leverage the recently developed spectral theory of sheaf Laplacians to understand the local and global consistency of embeddings and develop new methods for reasoning over composite relations through harmonic extension with respect to the sheaf Laplacian. We then implement these ideas to highlight the benefits of the extensions inspired by this new perspective.
Detrital zircon geochronology and provenance of Pleistocene loess and contributing glacial sources, midcontinental USA

Abstract Midcontinental North America contains extensive loess deposits that have been studied with geochemical, mineralogical, and stratigraphic techniques to explore glacial history and sediment provenance. Much of this analysis has focused on loess deposits that accumulated during the last glacial maximum (LGM), in part because of the ubiquity of unweathered Peoria Silt deposits. We test the utility of detrital zircon (DZ) U–Pb dating, which offers a weathering-resistant approach to the determination of loess provenance and can uniquely be applied to both LGM and older (commonly more altered) pre-LGM loess units. We determined DZ U–Pb age distributions (n = 1385 U–Pb ages) for the lobes that contributed sediment to Mississippi and Illinois River valley loess: Des Moines Lobe, Superior Lobe, Green Bay Lobe, Lake Michigan Lobe and Huron-Erie Lobe. We also measured DZ U–Pb age distributions (n = 4466 U–Pb ages) sampled from loess sites located along the bluffs of the Illinois River Valley and Mississippi River Valley. Samples were collected from Peoria Silt (Wisconsin Episode; Marine Isotope Stage (MIS 2)), Roxana Silt (Wisconsin Episode; MIS 3), Loveland Silt (Illinois Episode; MIS 6), and Crowley's Ridge Silt (pre-Illinois Episode). LGM glacial tills provide distinct DZ age signatures that can be used to identify glacial source contributions to loess deposits. Loess DZ age signatures in the Peoria Silt of the Illinois River Valley and the Roxana Silt of the northern lower Mississippi River Valley change temporally in a manner consistent with blockage and avulsion of the ancient Mississippi River, representing a proof-of-concept for the DZ loess provenance method in the midcontinent. The loess DZ record also provides insight into the pre-LGM drainage network and glacial lobe extents. DZ signatures for the MIS 3 Roxana Silt, along the Mississippi Valley, implies minimal sediment input from the Des Moines Lobe, suggesting this lobe was short-lived, existed further northward, or provided only limited sediment to meltwater valleys during this time. The dominant Huron-Erie Lobe signature throughout pre-LGM loess units shows that ice flow from the eastern Labrador Dome was a persistent feature during earlier glaciations. Finally, some western-derived DZ ages in pre-MIS 2 loess of the middle and lower Mississippi River Valley suggests that drainage networks that followed the modern Missouri River system were present prior to the LGM and integrated with the Mississippi River system.
Friends with benefits? Gendered performances in women's casual sexual relationships

Although some research has examined “friends with benefits” relationships (FWBRs), women’s subjective accounts of FWBRs remains notably understudied. Utilizing attachment theory, scripting theory, and social constructionist theories of gender, this study drew upon qualitative interviews with a community sample of 20 women (mean age = 34, SD = 13.35) from diverse ages, races, and sexual identity backgrounds to illuminate five themes in women’s FWBR narratives: (a) regulation and suppression of emotions, (b) performance and idealization of detachment and emotionlessness, (c) lack of clear communication combined with “other-defined” experiences, (d) replication of racist and sexist scripts, and (e) transitional qualities of the relationship. Implications for the power differentials present in FWBRs, and tensions between subverting and further entrenching relationship scripts, are explored.
The Conjunction Fallacy: A Derived Stimulus Relations Conceptualization and Demonstration Experiment

The conjunction fallacy (CF) comes about when the occurrence of two events is rated as more likely than either in isolation. A typical participant in a CF study is presented with a description of a hypothetical individual (i.e., a compound sample stimulus) and then asked to make judgments as to the likelihood that that person engages in a particular vocation, avocation (i.e., single comparison stimuli), or both (i.e., a compound comparison stimulus). The CF is witnessed when the combination is judged as more likely than either the vocation or avocation alone. Commission of the CF is often attributed to participants’ judgment being guided by representativeness (i.e., the representativeness heuristic) rather than the laws of probability (Tversky & Kahneman, 1983). This paper provides a behavioral interpretation of CF responding based on derived/emergent stimulus relations and presents data from 27 undergraduates who participated in a study designed to test the plausibility of the interpretation. Using nonsense words and a many-to-one training structure, prerequisite baseline relationships for establishing two 6-member stimulus equivalence classes were trained. Next was an analogue CF test in which participants rated the likelihood that former sample stimuli (now presented as comparison stimuli, either alone or in sets of 2) were a correct answer given a compound sample stimulus composed of 3 former sample stimuli (all of which were from 1 class but had never been directly related during training). Following this test phase the emergence of equivalence classes was formally assessed and a standard CF scenario presented. The incidence of CF responding under the analogue procedure (60%) was similar to that reported in standard scenarios and commission of the CF was significantly related to whether equivalence classes formed. These data constitute a preliminary demonstration in support of the derived equivalence relations interpretation.
Structure of Dermatan Sulfate III. THE HYBRID STRUCTURE OF DERMATAN SULFATE FROM UMBILICAL CORD

Abstract The properties of dermatan sulfate, isolated from umbilical cord, have been compared with those of pig skin dermatan sulfate. Like the latter polysaccharide, umbilical cord dermatan sulfate was found to be a hybrid containing both l-iduronic and d-glucuronic acid; whereas the galactosamine units of pig skin dermatan sulfate were exclusively 4-sulfated, the umbilical cord polysaccharide contained a considerable proportion of 6-sulfated galactosamine residues. The latter components were preferentially located adjacent to d-glucuronic acid moieties, while 4-sulfated galactosamine units were prevalent in l-iduronic acid-containing sections of the molecule. Evidence was obtained, however, indicating that some of the galactosamine residues adjacent to l-iduronic acid moieties were 6-sulfated. This conclusion was based on the characterization of hybrid octasaccharides obtained after degradation with testicular hyaluronidase. These octasaccharides which all had the monosaccharide sequence shown below contained 2 chondroitin 6-sulfate disaccharide units located in the reducing and nonreducing termini, and 2 l-iduronic acid-containing internal disaccharide units which were largely 4-sulfated. Approximately one-third of the latter disaccharides, however, appeared to be sulfated in position 6. [see PDF for sequence]
Practical limits of IC testers

As analog and digital integrated circuits achieve higher levels of integration, testing and test time become a more serious production problem. To keep testing under control, manufacturers are relying on several methods to obtain an acceptable quality level for ICs. These include tighter process control, high temperature testing, limited pattern tests, special circuits for test, and wafer rejection criteria. The panel will provide integrated circuit producer's viewpoints on testing to meet quality level targets, and user's perspective on how well they are doing.
Antibacterial Activity of the Purified Peroxidase from Human Parotid Saliva

The peroxidase of human parotid saliva has been purified by concentration, gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, and ion exchange chromatography on Amberlite CG-50. The purified product was devoid of amylase activity, lysozyme activity, and immunoglobulin A (IgA). However, it had an inhibitory effect on the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus in complete growth medium and on lysine accumulation by L. acidophilus in a buffer-glucose medium, when combined with thiocyanate ions. The concentrations of peroxidase and thiocyanate ions employed were within the range found in saliva. The fractions which contained IgA did not have an anti-bacterial effect on L. acidophilus under the conditions employed. Parotid saliva also contained low molecular weight inhibitors of peroxidase activity. These studies support the involvement of the salivary peroxidase in an antibacterial system in saliva.
Contract-Based Post-Sale Restrictions on Patented Products Following Quanta

Supreme Court decisions regarding the doctrine of patent exhaustion have drawn a bright line for determining when patent exhaustion occurs. If a sale of a patented product is authorized, exhaustion occurs. If a sale is not authorized, there is no exhaustion and patent remedies remain available to the patent holder to enforce a breach of a contractual restriction placed by the patent holder on the buyer of its patented product. But a lack of precision in the Supreme Court’s patent exhaustion jurisprudence has resulted in uncertainty regarding the scope and impact of patent exhaustion. Specifically, questions persist as to whether a patent holder can preserve its patent infringement remedies by placing a contract-based restriction on a buyer’s use or disposition of its patented product as a condition of the sale of the product and whether breach of contract remedies remain available to a patent holder if an authorized first sale is made and exhaustion occurs. The Supreme Court’s failure to answer these questions in its latest decision regarding patent exhaustion has prompted the Authors of this Article to seek these answers through a review of the relevant case law, in order to provide guidance to the patent holder who intends to control the use or distribution of its patented product following a sale. On the basis of their review, which involves an analysis of the conflict between federal patent law and state contract law that occurs in the context of an authorized first sale of a patented product, the Authors contend that a patent holder is unable to preserve patent infringement remedies by conditioning the sale of its patented product, and that contractual remedies remain available in many cases even when patent exhaustion occurs. Further, the Authors propose a case-by-case approach to assessing whether a contract-based post-sale restriction on a patented product is enforceable under state contract law. This approach involves determining whether (i) an objective of federal patent law preempts enforcement of the contractual provision; (ii) the inclusion of the provision in a contract constitutes patent misuse; (iii) the provision violates federal antitrust law; and (iv) public policy considerations (that is, regarding public health and safety) militate in favor of enforcing the restriction. The Authors conclude by noting that the distinction between patent remedies and contract remedies has diminished in the wake of the Supreme Court’s recent ruling that the proper test for the granting of an injunction upon a finding of patent infringement is the traditional four-factor test used for non-patent causes of action.
Social and Environmental Costs in Construction

Electric utility executivies ranked productivity, manual labor, union restrictions, and overtime at the top of the list of 10 problem areas where major improvements were needed. Previous research by manufacturing organizations that were faced with similar productivity problems indicate that 30% to 60% improvement is achievable by proper management of human resources. In this paper, attitudes of workmen, supervisors and managers on $100,000,000 to $1,000,000,000 3-64 to 10-yr projects are compared to those of individuals on much smaller commercial building projects. Deep hierarchical organizational structures which are familiar in government and manufacturing, but now appear on the larger construction projects are examined. Recommendations for improving motivation of workmen and supervisors on large projects plus alternative organization structures will be given to improve overall productivity.
PTEN loss in hematopoietic stem cells leads to a myeloproliferative disorder

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 3982 The tumor suppressor gene PTEN encodes a lipid phosphatase that negatively regulates the PI3 Kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling pathway and participates in fundamental cellular processes and tumorigenesis. The involvement of PTEN in regulating embryonic and neural stem cells as well as primordial germ cells has been studied recently. However, its role in regulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and the development of HSC-related hematological diseases remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that conditional disruption of the murine PTEN gene in HSC leads to a preferential expansion of PTEN null HSC and myeloid progenitor cells at the expense of B cell lineage. PTEN loss results in the development of a myeloproliferative disorder (MPD), which inevitably progresses from a chronic phase to a lethal leukemic blast crisis. Although treatment with rapamycin, a specific inhibitor for PI3K/AKT downstream effector mTOR, attenuates the expansion of PTEN-deficient lineage cells and delays leukemic progression, animals eventually relapse with leukemia/lymphoma following inhibitor withdrawal. In this two-phase MPD, leukemogenesis appears to require accumulation of additional molecular alteration(s), e.g. dysregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling, in the PTEN null hematopoietic cells. Our study suggests a critical role for PTEN in the regulation of HSC function and provides molecular insights for the possible “second hit” in leukemogenesis.
Management of arterial and venous hemorrhage during sacrospinous ligament fixation: cases and review of the literature

Sacrospinous ligament fixation (SSLF) for pelvic organ prolapse repair can incur significant intraoperative hemorrhage. Management of vascular injury is challenging because of limited visualization of the surrounding pararectal space and is not well described in the literature. We evaluate cases of intraoperative venous and arterial hemorrhage during SSLF. Based on a review of the literature, we present a systematic approach to the treatment of venous and arterial hemorrhage associated with SSLF. Vascular injury to the hypogastric and pudendal venous plexi may be controlled using directed compression and topical hemostatic agents. Vascular injury to the inferior gluteal artery, its coccygeal branch, or other arteries, may require embolization. Life-threatening bleeding is a rare complication of transvaginal SSLF. Knowledge of surrounding pelvic vascular anatomy, treatment options, and communication with ancillary staff is essential for the treatment of sacrospinous ligament hemorrhage.
High spin states of 86Zr.

The level scheme of $^{86}\mathrm{Zr}$ was studied by in-beam measurements on \ensuremath{\gamma} transitions in the $^{60}\mathrm{Ni}$${(}^{29}$Si,2pn\ensuremath{\gamma}${)}^{86}$Zr reaction and by helium-jet studies of delayed \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray activity from the $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$${(}^{32}$S,3pn${)}^{86}$Nb(\ensuremath{\beta} +/EC${)}^{86}$Zr reaction. In the latter study, measurements consisted of \ensuremath{\gamma}-\ensuremath{\gamma} and \ensuremath{\beta}-\ensuremath{\gamma} coincidences, excitation functions, and a lifetime determination. An $^{86}\mathrm{Nb}$ decay scheme was obtained which suggests ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$${=5}^{+}$ for the $^{86}\mathrm{Nb}$ ground state. The in-beam study consisted of \ensuremath{\gamma}-\ensuremath{\gamma} coincidences, excitation functions, angular distributions, and lifetime measurements via both Doppler shift attenuation and recoil distance methods. The high-spin decay scheme and level lifetimes obtained from the in-beam studies suggest intrinsic modes of excitation rather than the collective behavior seen in $^{84}\mathrm{Zr}$.
The integration of fiber optic simulations with integrated circuit design

The author reports the fiber-optic simulations necessary to construct integrated fiber-optic devices. The accurate computation of the lightwave device performance is essential in the design of the tightly coupled integrated circuits (ICs). The author presents lightwave design software (in Fortran with extensive graphics) that offers the designer the simulation results as databases containing the input signals to initiate the IC design or verify their function. This online microcomputer-based simulation software can be used for the analysis and design of fiber-optic data transmission links in large data communication networks. It is concluded that the microcomputer simulation and computer-aided design facility can be effectively used in the design of typical local-subscriber and metropolitan-area networks. >
Copper(II) Complexes of the Hexaaza Macrocyclic Ligand 3,6,9,16,19,22-Hexaaza-27,28-dioxatricyclo[22.2.1.111,14]octacosa-1(26),11,13,24-tetraene and Their Interaction with Oxalate, Malonate, and Pyrophosphate Anions

The hexaaza macrocyclic ligand 3,6,9,16,19,22-hexaaza-27,28-dioxatricyclo[22.2.1.111,14]octacosa-1(26),11,13,24-tetraene (BFBD), forms both mono- and dinuclear complexes, as well as several protona...
Acculturation, enculturation, parental adherence to Asian cultural values, parenting styles, and family conflict among Asian American college students

The present study examined the relations between perceived parenting styles and family conflict with data from 149 Asian American college students. Ratings of parenting styles were highest for authoritarian style, followed by authoritative and permissive styles. Tests of mediation revealed that authoritarian parenting significantly explained why parents’ adherence to Asian cultural values was associated with increased family conflict. Tests of moderation showed that as permissive parenting increased, more acculturated participants reported lower family conflict, although the reverse was true for their less acculturated counterparts. When authoritarian parenting increased, integrated, separated, and assimilated participants reported increased family conflict, whereas the marginalized group reported lower family conflict. Finally, assimilated participants reported less family conflicts at higher levels of authoritative parenting in comparison to the integrated, separated, and marginalized groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)
Reaction of trimethyl phosphite with bis(1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-galactopyranose) 6,6′-[dithiobis(thioformate)]

Abstract 1,2:3,4-Di- O -isopropylidene-α- D -galactopyranose 6- O -dithiocarbonate anhydrosulfide with O,O′ -dimethyl phosphorothioate ( 3 ) was prepared by reaction of bis(1,2:3,4-di- O -isopropylidene-α- D -galactopyranose) 6,6′-[dithiobis(thioformate)] ( 2 ) with trimethyl phosphite ( 1 ). Compound 3 decomposes on standing to give D -galactose. Upon treatment with alkali, 3 forms the corresponding xanthate salt; with acid 3 loses the phosphonate and the acetal groups; with chlorine followed by sodium iodide it forms the corresponding chlorothioformate derivative; with pyridine it gives bis(1,2:3,4-di- O -isopropylidene-6- O -thiocarbonyl-α- D -galactopyranose) monosulfide ( 6 ); and with hydrogen peroxide it initiates the polymerization of acrylamide to from a high-molecular-weight product.
Consistent policy enforcement in distributed systems using mobile policies

This paper briefly traces the evolution of information system architectures from mainframe-connected terminals to distributed multi-tier architectures. It presents the challenges facing developers of multitier information systems in providing effective consistent data policy enforcement, such as access control in these architectures. Finally, it introduces "Mobile Policy" (MoP) as a potential solution and presents a framework for using mobile policy in the business logic tier of multi-tier information systems.
Comparative rates of esterification of 5′-AMP with hydrophobic amino acids: Relevance to the genetic-code assignments

We have continued our program aimed at understanding the origin and evolution of the genetic code and the process of protein synthesis by comparing the rates of esterification of 5′-AMP by a series of hydrophobic N-acetylamino acids. The reaction clearly shows differences in reaction rate (AcPhe>AcLeu>AcVal>AcIle) among the amino acids having A as middle letter of their anticodons. However, there were no significant differences in reaction rate between AcLeu, AcNorleu, and Ac-α-aminobutyric acid, and AcGly reacted faster than all of these and AcPhe. Consequently, this simple reaction with AMP can distinguish only among those amino acids that actually have A as the middle anticodonic nucleotide. The relevance of these studies to the origins of the process of protein synthesis and of the genetic code is discussed in conjunction with results from other studies of a similar nature.
The magnetic structure of Co3O4

Abstract Many of the magnetic properties of ferrites are explained by the theory of ferrimagnetism which shows that the predominant magnetic interaction is antiferromagnetic exchange between ions occupying tetrahedral (A) sites and octahedral (B) sites. The A-A and B-B interactions are also antiferromagnetic, but weak relative to the A-B interaction. The present paper describes the observation by magnetic susceptibility and neutron diffraction of an anomalously large magnetic interaction between ions in the A sites of Co3O4. Co3O4 is not ferrimagnetic although it crystallizes in the magnetite structure; it is a normal spinel with Co3+ ions occupying the B sites. The Co3+ have zero permanent moment as a consequence of the splitting of the 3d levels by the octahedral cubic field. At 40°K, Co3O4 undergoes a transition to form an ordered antiferromagnetic state. The magnetic structure is due to antiferromagnetic ordering of spins in the A sites; each Co2+ ion in an A site is surrounded by four nearest neighbors with oppositely directed spins. The Co2+ moment in the antiferromagnetic state is 3.02 microB. This A-A interaction is an order of magnitude stronger than expected. It is suggested that the exchange mechanism involves indirect exchange through the tightly bound octahedral complex about the Co3+ ion.
The effect of volatility on percutaneous absorption

AbstractIntroduction: Topically applied chemicals may volatilize, or evaporate, from skin leaving behind a chemical residue with new percutaneous absorptive capabilities. Understanding volatilization of topical medications, such as sunscreens, fragrances, insect repellants, cosmetics and other commonly applied topicals may have implications for their safety and efficacy. Methods: A systematic review of English language articles from 1979 to 2014 was performed using key search terms. Articles were evaluated to assess the relationship between volatility and percutaneous absorption. Results: A total of 12 articles were selected and reviewed. Key findings were that absorption is enhanced when coupled with a volatile substance, occlusion prevents evaporation and increases absorption, high ventilation increases volatilization and reduces absorption, and pH of skin has an affect on a chemical's volatility. The articles also brought to light that different methods may have an affect on volatility: different body ...
Fundamental limitations of the McCumber relation applied to Er-doped silica and other amorphous-host lasers

The approximate McCumber procedure is often used to predict the emission cross-section spectrum of the 1.5-/spl mu/m transition of Er-doped glass fibers from the transition's measured absorption spectrum. By applying this procedure to a large number of published Er-doped fiber absorption spectra, we demonstrate that its accuracy is actually statistically quite low: it tends to overestimate the peak cross-section (by up to 75%) and predicts an emission spectrum that is erroneously depressed in the S band (below /spl sim/1530 nm) and inflated in the C and L bands. Error levels are substantial and yield unacceptably large errors when modeling Er-doped fiber devices. We provide analytic evidence that this failure is rooted in part in the approximations inherent to the procedure, and in part in a fundamental limitation of the underlying McCumber relation. Specifically, when applied to broad optical transitions, the McCumber relation yields poor predictions of the emission cross-section spectral shape, the error worsening in the L and S bands, with increasing homogeneous broadening, and with increasing bandwidth. The McCumber relation should be avoided for broad laser transitions, which includes most rare-earth transitions in many amorphous hosts.
Structural control on sea-floor hydrothermal activity at the TAG active mound

THE TAG active mound1–13, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 26° N, is one of the largest known, actively forming volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits. Construction of such a deposit requires that the upflow of hydrothermal fluids be localized at this site over tens of thousands of years, but the cause of this localization has been controversial. Two popular hypotheses propose that it results from young volcanism immediately adjacent to the mound6, or from the intersection of a 'transfer fault', orthogonally crossing the rift-valley floor, with ridge-parallel faults8. Here we present high-resolution sonar and photographic data which provide no evidence for young eruptions nearby, or for transverse, through-going faults intersecting the TAG mound. Instead, our data suggest that the localization of hydrothermal activity at the TAG mound is strongly controlled by permeable conduits at the intersection of an actively developing ridge-parallel fissure/fault complex with a newly recognized but older, oblique fault system. These observations may aid the interpretation of similar structures in ancient sea-floor sulphide deposits, where the tectonic disruption caused by emplacement on land has obscured the original geometry.
Biosynthesis of the antiviral antibiotic 11-demethyltomaymycin by Streptomyces achromogenes

The building blocks for 11-demethyltomay-mycin have been established as trytophan, tyrosine and a one carbon unit via methionine.
Visual retrieval of concrete crack properties for automated post-earthquake structural safety evaluation

The safety of post-earthquake structures is evaluated manually through inspecting the visible damage inflicted on structural elements. This process is time-consuming and costly. In order to automate this type of assessment, several crack detection methods have been created. However, they focus on locating crack points. The next step, retrieving useful properties (e.g. crack width, length, and orientation) from the crack points, has not yet been adequately investigated. This paper presents a novel method of retrieving crack properties. In the method, crack points are first located through state-of-the-art crack detection techniques. Then, the skeleton configurations of the points are identified using image thinning. The configurations are integrated into the distance field of crack points calculated through a distance transform. This way, crack width, length, and orientation can be automatically retrieved. The method was implemented using Microsoft Visual Studio and its effectiveness was tested on real crack images collected from Haiti.
Organizational knowledge resources

Abstract Decision-making episodes are knowledge intensive processes, operating on and adding to organizational knowledge resources. Decision support systems (DSS) perform some of the knowledge management (KM) that is integral to these episodes. Interest in the field of KM, among both practitioners and researchers has mushroomed in the late 1990s. Initiatives that aim to deliberately, explicitly manage organizations' knowledge resources have become commonplace. A basic prerequisite for fully understanding how an organization can, could, or should conduct KM is an appreciation of the kinds of knowledge resources it has. In this paper, a framework of knowledge resources is introduced, focusing on identifying and organizing basic classes of knowledge resources, and supplemented by the identification of attribute dimensions for characterizing knowledge across these classes. Developed via a Delphi methodology involving an international panel of practitioners and researchers, this framework is assessed as being relatively successful in terms of completeness, accuracy, clarity, and conciseness criteria. The result is a basis for investigating effects of alternative knowledge resource portfolios, and for studying how an organization does, could, or should conduct its KM — including its decision-making episodes.
Intracavity absorption in a double-cavity dye laser.

A double-cavity optical configuration designed to investigate the sensitivity of intracavity absorption in a cw multimode dye laser is reported. The configuration consists of two optical cavities coupled together through a common partially transmitting mirror. An atomic beam of sodium is used as a low-density absorber to compare the sensitivity of a double-cavity configuration with that of a single cavity. The results are that the sensitivity of the double-cavity system is about half of that obtained with the usual single cavity. An interpretation of the results is made in terms of the super-regen model of intracavity absorption.
Postcolonial Feminisms and Introducing Sociology in the Imperium

This article addresses the limits of teaching sociology as a Eurocentric modernist discipline in the context of the postcolonial present. Living in a transnational and globalized world makes the most basic and fundamental sociological concepts woefully delimiting, since they are ahistoricized and universalized terms rooted in a very specific modernist life-world. Words such as ‘individual,’ ‘self,’ ‘society,’ and ‘social’ are used routinely in everyday parlance as if their meanings are self-evident. This is not surprising given that scholarship and undergraduate teaching in the United States have also rendered them as generic, self-evident words without unraveling them reflectively as concepts, much like the ways in which ‘nation,’ ‘state,’ ‘gender,’ ‘race,’ ‘ethnicity,’ ‘sexuality,’ ‘citizen,’ ‘immigrant,’ ‘migrant,’ and ‘other,’ have been shown to reflect particular modern, liberal understandings. What scholarly, disciplinary and pedagogical challenges are faced when notions such as the ‘individual’ and ‘self’ are interrogated in the classroom from transnational and postcolonial perspectives? Writing from the standpoint of an immigrant feminist sociologist teaching in liberal arts colleges in northeast United States, I reflect on strategies that draw students toward a critical engagement with sociology while coming to grips with subject positions and political and cultural histories that shape such engagements.
The effect of fundal pressure manoeuvre on intrauterine pressure in the second stage of labour

Abstract Objective To investigate the relationship between intrauterine pressure and the application of a standardised fundal pressure manoeuvre, and to determine the maternal, fetal and labour characteristics that modulate the relationship. Design Prospective measurement of intrauterine pressure during the second stage of labour. Setting North American university hospital. Population Forty full-term women in spontaneous labour were studied during the second stage. Each woman acted as her own control. All women laboured with requested epidural analgesia. Methods A fundal pressure manoeuvre was performed so as to standardise the level of force and the surface area of application. Intrauterine pressure was measured using a sensor–tip catheter. Five interventions were analysed: 1. valsalva during a uterine contraction; 2. fundal pressure and valsalva during a contraction; 3. fundal pressure during a contraction without valsalva; 4. fundal pressure in the absence of uterine contractions; and 5. valsalva in the absence of uterine contractions. Results Women in the second stage of labour transiently increased their expulsive force (as reflected by intrauterine pressure) by 86% of their baseline contraction using valsalva and fundal pressure simultaneously. The efficiency by which both contraction-enhancing manoeuvres increased intrauterine pressure was directly related to gestational age and inversely related to myometrial thickness. Conclusion Fundal pressure applied under controlled conditions significantly increases intrauterine pressure in some, but not all women. Simultaneous measurement of intrauterine pressure, to maintain feedback during application will create a ‘controlled environment’ for the obstetrician and reassurance that this manoeuvre can be applied in a controlled fashion. Future delineation of the group of women that could benefit from fundal pressure, as well as the group that is refractory is essential to avoid unnecessary or delayed operative interventions.
Ultra-Low-Crosstalk Polarization Maintaining Optical Fiber Coupler

The experimental evaluation of polarization-maintaining opticl fiber couplers fabricated by polishing technique is described. The couplers show polarization crosstalk of less than -30dB and small wavelength dependence of splitting ratio.
Chirped pulse control methods for imaging of biological structure and dynamics

Advancements in coherent control of vibrational dynamics lie in the development of novel noninvasive imaging techniques that provide information about biological species with molecular specificity. Of particular interest is development of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy that contains vibrational finger-prints of molecules. CARS is a nonlinear optical process utilizing ultrafast laser pulses to generate strong, molecular-specific signals. Biological imaging techniques based on CARS employ selective excitation of Raman transitions and involve ultrafast laser pulse manipulation. We show that linearly chirped femtosecond pulses may be efficiently used for vibrational mode selective excitation in stimulated Raman scattering. Chirped pulse adiabatic passage is demonstrated in two-photon Raman transitions implementing a pump and Stokes pulses having opposite linear chirps before pulse amplitude reaches maximum, and same chirps after. This approach allows one to selectively excite molecular modes in a wide range of field parameters and with high chemical sensitivity. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Benefit-cost analysis of the Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Networks program

A comprehensive benefit-cost analysis was performed using the results of model deployments of the Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Networks (CVISN) program, which provides electronic credentialing and electronic screening of heavy trucks to improve their safe and efficient to operation. CVISN is intended to enable a regulatory system to operate at reduced cost and increased effectiveness for both its users and society. Benefit-cost analysis is a public-sector evaluation tool that compares all of a project's benefits to society with all of the project's costs to society. The question to be answered in undertaking such an analysis is: do these benefits exceed the costs? In the case of the CVISN programs evaluated, considerable public benefits can be expected, and the benefits greatly exceed the costs. From the results of several representative CVISN deployment scenarios examined, it appears prudent to proceed with full deployment of such systems.
Schemes for fault identification in communication networks

A single fault in a large communication network may result in a large number of fault indications (alarms) making the isolation of the primary source of failure a difficult task. The problem becomes worse in cases of multiple faults. In this paper we present an approach for modelling the problem of fault diagnosis. We propose a graph based network model that takes into account the dependencies among the different objects in the telecommunication environment and a novel approach to estimate the domain of an alarm. Based on that model, we design an algorithm for fault diagnosis and analyze its performance with respect to the accuracy of the fault hypotheses it provides. We also propose and analyze a fault diagnosis algorithm suitable for systems for which an independent failure assumption is valid. Finally, we examine the importance of the information of dependency between objects for the fault diagnosis process.
Protein phosphatases 1 and 2A in rabbit ciliary epithelium and iris-ciliary body

A significant dephosphorylation of exogenous phosphorylase a by serine/threonine protein phosphatases in tissue extracts of rabbit ciliary epithelium and iris-ciliary body was observed. Okadaic acid caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of this dephosphorylation. In a series of diluted samples, selective inhibitions of protein phosphatase 2A by 1 nM okadaic acid and protein phosphatase 1 by 1 microM okadaic acid were determined. In the preparation of ciliary epithelium, the ratio of protein phosphatase 1 to protein phosphatase 2A activity was estimated to be 1:2. Dephosphorylation by other phosphatases was little. In the preparation of iris-ciliary body, the ratio of protein phosphatase 1 to protein phosphatase 2A activity was approximately 2.5:1. Other phosphatases were also present.