cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An assessment of recent pharmacy graduates' knowledge and competency, professional practice functions, and involvement in pharmacy teaching programs.

Study Objectives. To determine self-evaluated professional knowledge and competency, functions, demographic information, lifelong learning, degree and training status, practice sites, involvement in pharmacy teaching programs, and salary for recent pharmacy graduates. Design. A survey of recent Bachelor of Science (B.S.) pharmacy graduates of the University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy. Measurements and Main Results. A total of 371 B.S. pharmacy graduates (55% response rate) provided information. Graduates who had an advanced degree or training (from many programs) after completing their B.S. pharmacy degree, and those who were teaching in pharmacy programs generally had higher self-rated levels of knowledge and competencies. Hospital pharmacists spent less of their work time in dispensing activities (33.82% ± 30.39%) than community pharmacists (61.04% ± 19.97%; t =8.78, df = 288, p<0.001); community pharmacists spent twice as much of their work time counseling and educating patients (16.65% ± 10.47% vs 7.13% ± 7.39%; t = 9.06, df = 288, p<0.001). The amount of time pharmacists spent in dispensing functions had a negative association with knowledge and competencies in the sections on pharmacokinetic and disease process (r=−0.277, p<0.01), patient communications (r=−0.272, p<0.01), and administrative and economic aspects of practice (r=−0.210, p<0.01) for all respondents. Pharmacists reported that they spent 13.78 ± 14.06 hours per month outside work in professional lifelong learning. There was a negative association between the time pharmacists spent dispensing and the time they spent in professional lifelong learning (r=−0.239, p<0.001), and a positive relationship between the time spent in such learning and the time providing information to prescribers and other health care professionals (r=0.214, p<0.001), monitoring patients (r=0.216, p<0.001), and performing primary care activities (r=0.176, p<0.001). Graduates reported a mean yearly salary of $46,879 ± $8183. More hospital pharmacists were involved in teaching (48, 37%) than those practicing in a community setting (19, 12%). Conclusions. Practice site, advanced degree or training, lifelong learning, involvement in teaching programs, and time spent in various professional functions were associated with pharmacists' self-rated knowledge and competencies. (Pharmacotherapy 1994;14(6):712–723)
Kauffman Firm Survey (KFS): Baseline Annotated Questionnaire

The Kauffman Firm Survey (KFS) is a panel study of new businesses founded in 2004 and tracked over their early years of operation. The survey focuses on the nature of new business formation activity; characteristics of the strategy, offerings, and employment patterns of new businesses; the nature of the financial and organizational arrangements of these businesses; and the characteristics of their founders.
Transoral robotic photodynamic therapy for the oropharynx

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used for head and neck carcinomas with little experience in the oropharynx due to technical challenges in achieving adequate exposure. We present the case of a patient with a second right tonsil carcinoma following previous treatment with transoral robotic surgery (TORS) and postoperative chemoradiation for a left tonsil carcinoma. Repeat TORS for the right tonsil carcinoma reviewed multiple positive surgical margins. The power output from the robotic camera was modified to facilitate safe intraoperative three dimensional visualization of the tumor bed. The robotic arms facilitated clear exposure of the tonsil and tongue base with stable administration of the fluence. Real-time measurements confirmed stable photobleaching with augmentation of the prescribed light fluence secondary to light scatter in the oropharynx. We report a potential new role using TORS for exposure and accurate PDT in the oropharynx.
The purpose of experiments: Ecological validity versus comparing hypotheses

As illustrated by research Koehler himself cites (Dawes et al. 1993), the purpose of experiments is to choose between contrasting explanations of past observations – rather than to seek statistical generalizations about the prevalence of effects. True external validity results not from sampling various problems that are representative of “real world” decision making, but from reproducing an effect in the laboratory with minimal contamination (including from real world factors).
Gingival inflammation and subgingival calculus as determinants of disease progression in early‐onset periodontitis

This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that gingival inflammation and dental calculus are important determinants of the development and progression of early-onset periodontitis. The study sample included 156 individuals who were 13-20 years old at baseline and who were examined 2x during 6 years to assess the attachment loss, gingival state and the presence of dental calculus. 33 (21%), 62 (40%), and 61 (39%) individuals were classified as having localized, generalized, or incidental EOP, respectively. The results showed an increase in the % of teeth with overt gingivitis and subgingival calculus, and also an increase in the % of teeth showing attachment loss during the 6-year period in all classification groups. Of teeth with 0-2 mm attachment loss at the beginning of the study and which developed > or = 3 mm attachment loss during the following 6 years, there were 2x as many teeth with overt gingival inflammation, and 4x more teeth with subgingival calculus at baseline than teeth without. Gingivitis and subgingival calculus when present at both examinations resulted in a stronger association with the development of new lesions than presence of these variables at baseline. Teeth with gingivitis at baseline had a significantly higher mean attachment loss during 6 years than teeth without gingivitis (p<0.0001), and teeth with subgingival calculus at baseline had a significantly higher mean attachment loss than teeth without subgingival calculus (p<0.0001). The presence of gingivitis and subgingival calculus at baseline and 6 years later was associated with the occurrence of even higher disease progression during this period. The association between gingival inflammation and subgingival calculus and the development and progression of attachment loss during the study period in the generalized and the localized EOP groups was significantly higher than the association in the incidental EOP group. In an appreciable % of the sites in all 3 groups, however, the presence of the 2 factors was not associated with attachment loss during 6 years. The results suggest a significant association between gingival inflammation and subgingival calculus and the development and progression of early-onset periodontitis.
Decision Analysis to Guide Lake Okeechobee Research Planning

ABSTRACT Decision analysis provides an organized, logical frame work for decision making under uncertainty. In brief, decision analysis should begin with thorough identification of objectives, attributes, and feasible management actions, followed by development of a probability model to characterize uncertain science and a utility or net benefits function to represent value. This approach results in an analytic framework that may be used to guide decision making and to answer questions such as: (1) is scientific understanding sufficient to act now, or should additional information be obtained? (2) if additional information is needed, what scientific research and monitoring should be undertaken to provide this information? (3) what, if any, simulation model should be used to evaluate and present scientific information for decision support? These research and modeling issues are explored in an application of decision analysis to guide research planning for the management of eutrophication in Lake Okeechobee...
What Are Temporary Networks and When Are They Useful

When change occurs unpredictably and the time to react is compressed, organizations have to quickly obtain resources they do not readily have. In those situations, organizations are likely to reach out to their long-term networks (LTNs) or to activate dormant networks (DNs). But, what happens when the organization’s activities frequently change locations or when the resources needed fluctuate frequently? We argue that under such conditions, the organization can benefit by forming temporary networks (TNs) and renewing, reconfiguring, creating, aligning, and directing the TN’s resources. TNs are those that are formed quickly and last a short period of time. We label the dynamic capability to form TNs and manage TNs’ resources as temporary network development capability (TNDC) and suggest that it is a special kind of relational capability. We argue that experience with weak-ties networks, swift trust, unpredictable change experience, skill specificity and reputation help in the development of TNDC.
High altitude pulmonary edema

High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a non-cardiogenic edema which afflicts susceptible persons who ascend to altitudes above 2500 meters and remain there for 24 to 48 h or longer. Incidence varies with the rate of ascent and the altitude, while contributing factors include exertion and perhaps cold. Individuals susceptible to HAPE have low hypoxic ventilatory drive and an increased pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to hypoxia. Pathophysiologically, excessive pulmonary hypertension is the sine qua non of HAPE, but other factors must also be present to produce permeability edema. Clinical manifestations of mild HAPE are dyspnea with exertion, decreased exercise ability, and dry cough. Symptoms of more advanced HAPE are dyspnea, tachycardia, and tachypnea at rest, cyanosis, ataxia, change in consciousness and productive cough. Coma may rapidly ensue. Death usually follows misdiagnosis and lack of prompt treatment. Therapy consists of improving oxygenation and reducing pulmonary hypertension either by giving supplemental oxygen or descending to a lower altitude. Positive airway pressure devices, morphine, and diuretics may be adjunctive therapy, primarily when oxygen and/or descent are not possible. The leak rapidly reverses with treatment, and without residual lung damage. Slow, gradual ascent is the best prevention of HAPE, but acetazolamide has been anecdotally effective for HAPE-susceptibles. The capricious nature of the disorder mandates better public education efforts so that HAPE can be correctly recognized and treated.
Post-silicon conformance checking with virtual prototypes

Virtual prototypes are increasingly used in device/driver co-development and co-validation to enable early driver development and reduce product time-to-market. However, drivers developed over virtual prototypes often do not work readily on silicon devices, since silicon devices often do not conform to virtual prototypes. Therefore, it is important to detect the inconsistences between silicon devices and virtual prototypes. We present an approach to post-silicon conformance checking of a hardware device with its virtual prototype, i.e., a virtual device. The conformance between the silicon and virtual devices is defined over their interface states. This approach symbolically executes the virtual device with the same driver request sequence to the silicon device, and checks if the interface states of the silicon and virtual devices are consistent. Inconsistencies detected indicate potential errors in either the silicon device or the virtual device. We have evaluated our approach on three network adapters and their virtual devices, and found 15 inconsistencies exposing 15 real bugs in total from the silicon and virtual devices. The results demonstrate that our approach is useful and efficient in facilitating device/driver covalidation at the post-silicon stage.
Effect of addition of ethanol and NaCl on saccharin + glucose polydipsia

Abstract Rats received an ad lib choice of food, water, and a solution containing saccharin, glucose, and NaCl solutes either as single stimuli or in combinations. Ethanol was gradually added to these vehicles or water from 0.5–15% w/v. Ethanol intakes of all groups with vehicles containing glucose were higher than intakes of the water vehicle group. Ethanol intakes of the 0.125% saccharin+3.0% glucose+1.0% NaCl+ethanol group were highest, peaking at >9.0 g/kg/day, and this group displayed the highest blood ethanol levels. However, there was no evidence of withdrawal syndrome, nor of increased intake of unflavored ethanol by groups previously receiving flavored ethanol. It is suggested that ethanol eliminative capacity limits free-choice ethanol intake when maximized by the addition of sapid congeners.
A stereo, cylindrical drift chamber for muon decay experiments at LAMPF☆

Abstract A stereo, cylindrical drift chamber has been built for use in a search for rare decay modes of the muon at LAMPF. This chamber (part of the Crystal Box detector) has 728 cells on eight concentric annuli at alternating angles of 10° from the chamber axis and with radii from 105 to 220 mm. The basic cell cross section is (9 × 10) mm 2 and the inter-layer spacing is 4.7 mm. Preliminary results show the single wire efficiencies to be greater than 99%. Based on results obtained from prototype chambers, we hope to achieve 170 ≃m resolution (including multiple scattering) when TDC offsets and sense wire locations found in a careful inspection of the endplates are added to the track finding algorithm.
STUDIES ON AMINO ACID ACTIVATING ENZYMES IN THYROID GLANDS.

Amino acid activation by heat labile enzymes in 105,000 Xg supernatant fluid of pig thyroid homogenates has been studied by measuring amino acyl (C14) hydroxamate formation and inorganic pyrophosphate (P32) exchange with ATP. The cell sap was used directly and after treatment with charcoal to minimize the endogenous ATP-PP; exchange reaction. L-Tyrosine, DL-tryptophan, L-monoiodotyrosine and DL-threonine stimulate the ATP-PPi exchange, whereas no effect, or slight inhibition, is observed with the common amino acids of proteins, D-tyrosine, L-diiodotyrosine, DL-thyronine, L-triiodothyronine and L-thyroxine. Hydroxamates of tyrosine, phenylalanine and methionine are formed with crude cell sap, although the rate of tyrosyl hydroxamate formation is only 1/5 as great as the tyrosine stimulated ATP-PPi exchange. Tyrosyl hydroxamate formation is inhibited 44 and 7 % by a 50-fold excess of L-monoiodotyrosine and L-diiodotyrosine, respectively, whereas thyronine and iodothyronines are without effect. A 10-fold exc...
A Diagnostic Study of Upper Tropospheric Cold Lows Over the Western North Pacific

Abstract Four summers (1967, 1969, 1970, 1971) of rawinsonde data from four western North Pacific island stations (Guam, Midway, Johnston and Wake) were used to form a three-dimensional composite of the subtropical upper-tropospheric cold-core lows commonly found in the mid-Pacific trough. The basic meteorological parameters of wind, height, temperature and humidity were utilized to form an initial composite from the 117 lows identified during the period of study. Satellite mosaics were used to define a composite of horizontal cloud cover. The basic composite was harmonically smoothed and dynamically adjusted to generate a consistent set of derived fields that emphasize the important large-scale characteristics of the phenomenon. North-south and east-west vertical cross sections through the center of the composite low are used to illustrate the prominent features of the zonal and meridional winds, temperature and height anomalies, relative vorticity, divergence, vertical motion and relative humidity field...
CALCULATION PROCEDURE FOR VISCOUS INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS IN COMPLEX GEOMETRIES

A general calculation procedure for computing fluid flow and related phenomena in arbitrary-shaped domains is presented. The scheme has been developed for a generalized nonorthogonal coordinate system and is based on a control-volume approach with a staggered grid arrangement. The physical covariant velocity components are selected as the dependent variables in the momentum equations. The discretization equations for these velocity components are obtained by an algebraic manipulation of the discretization equations for the Cartesian velocity components. Such a practice avoids any reference to the differential form of the governing equations for the covariant velocity components. The coupling between the continuity and momentum equations is effected using the SIMPLER algorithm.
Biological notes on three species of giant Australian mason wasps, Abispa (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae).

Abstract Seven nests of Abispa australiana (Mitchell) from Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, two nests of A. splendida splendida (Guerin-Meneville) from Magnetic Island National Park, Queensland, and one nest of A. meadewaldoensis Perkins from Kununurra, West Australia constitute the most extensive sample of Abispa nests yet reported. The isolated, cryptic, mud nests had thick walls (up to 16 mm), a downward-pointing, funnel-shaped entrance tube, and an exterior plastered with numerous small mud pellets that matched substrate color. All nests were affixed to firm surfaces in semi-sheltered positions; the nest of A. meadewaldoensis was in a crevice below ground. For A. australiana, the largest nest measured 15.6 cm long × 6.9 cm wide × 4.5 cm deep, and comprised seven cells; cell dimensions averaged 33.8 mm long × 13.9 mm diameter. Females of all species appear to specialize on a few species of small pyralid or gelechiid caterpillars, provisioning cells with up to 79 prey. All 88 prey recovered fro...
High-resolution ECG on a standard ECG cart

Abstract High-resolution (HI-RES) ECG analysis software and a new front end have been designed for a standard 12-lead ECG cart, MAC-12. The front end acquires orthogonal ECG at 1,000 samples/sec and 1.2 μ V/bit and transmits to the cart. The HI-RES software delineates QRS complexes and correlates them with a template in frequency domain to compute an average cardiac complex (P, QRS, and T). This complex is used for analysis of late potentials, bundle of His activity, and detection of coronary artery disease using its high-frequency content. Both time- and frequency-domain methods are implemented for analysis of ventricular late potentials. In the time-domain method, the average beat is bandpass filtered using three lower cutoff frequencies—25, 40, and 80 Hz—with the higher cutoff at 250 Hz. For each of these frequencies, the following features are extracted: RMS voltages in terminal 40 and 50 msec; ventricular activation time; and duration of high-frequency, low-amplitude signals. The frequency-domain analysis examines the spectral contents of the windowed segment of terminal QRS: ST-segment; and a combined segment of QRS and ST. The spectral features include ratios of magnitudes of Fourier coefficients and areas above 20 Hz, dB drop at 40 Hz, and areas after 60 dB offset. Initial testing of this system is complete, and it is due for clinical trials soon.
Comparison of bactericidal properties of alcohol-based chlorhexidine versus povidone-iodine prior to amniocentesis.

Objective To compare the bactericidal properties of povidone-iodine versus alcohol-based chlorhexidine solution for cleansing the gravid abdomen prior to amniocentesis. Methods Fifty study participants were recruited from the University of Texas Women's Clinic in Houston, Texas. Two baseline swabs of the patients' abdomens were obtained to assess bacterial flora prior to treatment. A 10% povidone-iodine solution and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate with 70% isopropyl alcohol solution in a 3-mL prefilled applicator (Chloraprep, Cardinal Health, Inc., Leawood, KS) were then applied on different sides of the abdomen. After 30 seconds, cultures were obtained and plated on Trypticase Soy (PML Microbiologicals, Durham, NC) with sheep's blood agar for aerobic flora. Plates were incubated at 37°C for 48 hours for aerobic flora. Colony-forming units were counted and recorded. Results No statistically significant difference was detected between baseline colony counts between the left and right side of each patient's abdomen (p = 0.33) prior to cleansing. Postcleansing colony counts were evaluated, and a statistically significant difference was identified, favoring chlorhexidine as a more efficacious abdominal cleanser (p Conclusion We demonstrated that 2% chlorhexidine with 70% isopropyl alcohol had excellent bactericidal efficacy and was superior to povidone-iodine for cleansing the maternal abdomen.
La Vénus d'Ille de Mérimée: figuration d'un dualisme

Le conte fantastique, souvent tenu pour un effet marginal de l'exuberance artistique du dix-neuvieme siecle, beneficie ces dernieres annees d'un considerable regain d'interet. La deuxieme edition, en 1962, de l'ouvrage capital de Castex (Le Conte fantastique en France de Nodier a Maupassant, Paris, Corti, 1950) pose les jalons d'une veritable entreprise de reevaluation des principes organisateurs de ce genre mineur, de sa nature meme.
3D Neuroanatomy of the Human Fetal Pelvis: Anatomic Support for the Partial Urogenital Mobilization in the Treatment of Urogenital Sinus

Abstract Purpose Retrospective reviews suggest that the functional outcomes of the surgery of urogenital sinus (UGS) were often unsatisfactory, and the long-term results of the newer surgical techniques have yet to be evaluated. A precise understanding of the pelvic fetal neuroanatomy is germane to optimize surgical correction of the UGS. Material and Methods The pelvises of 10 human female fetuses were serially sectioned. Masson's trichrome staining and immunochemistry for the neuronal marker S100 along with anatomical computer reconstruction allowed 3D analysis of the nerves in relation with pelvic structures as an animated motion picture. Results Three types of neuronal structures were identified. 1- A dense perivisceral foil of branching nerves, closely surrounding the pelvic organs. The localization of the majority of nerves was on the external faces of the viscera, with a very limited fraction in the rectovaginal and ureterovaginal walls. This innervation was from the anterior cephalad periurethral area to the posterior caudal perirectal area. 2- A significant amount of nerves surround the cephalad urethra on its anterior and posterior faces. 3- A larger and more distant nervous structure, arises form the sacral plexus, descends from the posterior border of the rectum, crossing the perivisceral nerves toward the anterior perineum. Conclusions Based on these anatomical data, during the surgical repair of a UGS we would advocate minimal mobilization of the lateral faces of the vagina, avoiding the dissection of the proximal urethra above the pubic bone and opting for a vaginal flap in severe cases.
Nuclear incidents: accidents, violations of the status quo or crimes?

This analytic essay situates the nuclear industries of the United States and the United Kingdom in a legal sanctioning system, referred to as cooperative. Knowing the type of sanctioning system applied to a particular industry, it is then possible to identify the working rules that result in the interpretation of events as routine, accidental, criminal and so on. In short, the explanation of the level and quality of societal response lies in the system of sanctioning used to respond to them. The study of the regulation of nuclear power production raises issues about the cooperative system, or a system of governmental auto regulation, the limits of the law and modes of domination.
Analysis of rectangular resonant cavities in terahertz parallel-plate waveguides

We describe an experimental and theoretical characterization of rectangular resonant cavities integrated into parallel-plate waveguides, using terahertz pulses. When the waveguide is excited with the lowest-order transverse-electric mode, these cavities exhibit resonances with narrow linewidths. Broadband transmission spectra are compared with the results of mode-matching calculations, for various cavity dimensions.
Sudden death and the competitive athlete: Perspectives on preparticipation screening studies

Sudden death in healthy athletes is uncommon but, when it occurs, the primary mechanism is cardiovascular. The major cause of sudden death in the young athlete is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or related conditions characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy, aortic rupture due to cystic medial necrosis and congenital coronary artery abnormalities. In the middle-aged or older athlete, coronary artery disease is the most significant cause of sudden death. Noninvasive screening procedures are currently available that can detect most subjects at risk of sudden death. However, although some potentially lethal diseases can be excluded by a relatively simple screening program, other diseases require expensive procedures, such as echocardiography and exercise electrocardiographic stress testing. This means that the sensitivity of detecting diseases leading to sudden death increases in proportion to the financial resources that can be applied to the screening program. Thus, when a screening program designed to identify all cardiac diseases that have the potential to cause sudden death is planned by a community, school or nonprofessional athletic team, the costs will almost undoubtedly be considered prohibitive. The practicality of applying a community- or school-initiated screening program can be questioned because of the very low incidence of sudden unexpected death in young healthy individuals. It is therefore likely that comprehensive screening programs will be confined to individuals or organizations with adequate financial resources. Less expensive, limited screening can be undertaken by individuals or groups to identify some subjects at risk of sudden death during athletic competition.
Internal capabilities, external structural holes network positions, and knowledge creation

Social network theory suggests that firms bridging structural holes by connecting disconnected partners in a network benefit from timely access to diverse knowledge. However, the existing literature reports mixed evidence with regard to the performance implications of this view. Our study examines how a firm’s diverse knowledge base and knowledge-processing capabilities affect knowledge creation when a firm bridges multiple structural holes in an inter-firm network. The model is tested on a sample of 191 firms in high-technology industries. The dependent variable, knowledge creation, was measured by the number of patents generated. Results show that when a firm spans multiple structural holes, its diverse technological knowledge facilitates knowledge creation. However, when a firm already possesses well-developed knowledge acquisition capabilities, spanning structural holes reduces knowledge creation. This paper suggests that internal knowledge base and knowledge-processing capabilities determine the impacts of external network positions on firm knowledge creation. It provides implications on how a firm best capitalizes on external network positions.
Simple and rapid determination of mercury in urine and tissues by isotope exchange.

Abstract The method eliminates oxidation of organic material. Tracer quantities of 203 Hg are added to the sample and equilibrated with the stable mercury. 200 Hg vapor in nitrogen is passed through the sample in the presence of cysteine and at pH 7.4, and exchanges with the 203 Hg. The vapor is collected in a tube of activated Hopcalite placed in a gamma-counter. The increasing activity is recorded and the half-time of exchange is directly proportional to the mercury concentration in the sample. The method is best suited for urine samples containing more than 10 μg Hg l .
Batch distillation of binary mixtures at minimum reflux

Les resultats sont obtenus pour deux types de calculs possibles: soit une operation a composition de distillat constant, soit une operation a reflux constant. Les calculs derivent de la theorie de Mac Cabe et Hiele
Statistical mechanical description of supercritical fluid extraction and retrograde condensation

The phenomena of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and its reverse effect, which is known as retrograde condensation (RC), have found new and important applications in industrial separation of chemical compounds and recovery and processing of natural products and fossil fuels. Full-scale industrial utilization of SFE/RC processes requires knowledge about thermodynamic and transport characteristics of the asymmetric mixtures involved and the development of predictive modeling and correlation techniques for performance of the SFE/RC system under consideration. In this report, through the application of statistical mechanical techniques, the reasons for the lack of accuracy of existing predictive approaches are described and they are improved. It is demonstrated that these techniques also allow us to study the effect of mixed supercritical solvents on the solubility of heavy solutes (solids) at different compositions of the solvents, pressures, and temperatures. Fluid phase equilibrium algorithms based on the conformal solution van der Waals mixing rules and different equations of state are presented for the prediction of solubilities of heavy liquid in supercritical gases. It is shown that the Peng-Robinson equation of state based on conformal solution theory can predict solubilites of heavy liquid in supercritical gases more accurately than the van der Waals and Redlich-Kwong equations of state.
Field testing long-path Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for measurements of atmospheric gas concentrations

Abstract The long-path capabilities of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy allow field measurements of trace gas concentrations over spatial scales intermediate between those commonly used by biologists (10 cm-10 m) and climatologists (> 200 km). These intermediate scale measurements are critical to relate small plot findings to data on regional dynamics obtained by remote sensing from space. Both natural and agricultural environments are heterogeneous and complex. Broad scale measurements that integrate the variability both spatially and temporally are needed to correctly assess biospheric/atmospheric interactions. This paper describes long-path FTIR and an initial field test of the system over a 400 m optical path in a relatively uniform cotton field at the Maricopa Experiment Station in Arizona. Data for water vapor, CO 2 and N 2 O demonstrated different responses over a 10-h period, suggesting different activities in the processes responsible for these gas emissions. The long-path data also demonstrate the reduction in variation attributable to the integration of fine-scale variation in biological processes.
MINERAL COMPOSITION OF PECAN NUTMEATS

Sixteen minerals were quantitated in the nutmeats of 10 pecan cultivars (Caryu illinoensis Wang) with atomic absorption and emission spectra scopy. Significant difference (P < 0.01) existed among cultivars in the quantities of Cu, Fe, CR, Mn, B, Zn, Ba, P, K and Ca. Differences were not significant at the 5% level in the quantities of Co, MO, Sr, Na, Al and Mg.
Effects of syntactic features on sentence-picture matching in Broca's aphasics: a reply to Drai and Grodzinksy (2005).

Abstract We reanalyzed the data in Drai and Grodzinksy (2005) , considering individual patients’ responses to different sentence types to be non-independent events. The analyses revealed effects of two of the three factors identified by Drai and Grodzinsky—constituent movement and passive mood. The result is inconsistent with the trace deletion hypothesis; we conclude that features of syntactic structure other than constituent movement are relevant to understanding performance variation in patients with Broca’s aphasia.
Real-time control of DIII–D plasma discharges using a Linux alpha computing cluster

Abstract This paper describes an upgrade for the real-time computing system responsible for monitoring and controlling plasma, discharges in the DIII–D tokamak (J.L. Luxon, L.G. Davis, Fusion Technol. 8 (1985) 441) at General Atomics (GA). The current system employs six CSPI i860 VME format processors working in parallel to acquire data in real-time and perform feed back control of plasma shape and position parameters. Work has commenced on integration of a new computing system based on commonly available PCI bus based processors that communicate over the 2 Gbit/s Myrinet (Myricom, Inc., CA, USA) network. The new system will greatly improve the processing power available to the algorithms required for computing plasma equilibrium reconstructions in real-time. A factor of 20 anticipated performance increase will allow for improved accuracy and frequency response for plasma shape estimation and control. The migration from VME to PCI Myrinet computer clustering will improve the data acquisition capabilities by opening up access to additional DIII–D temperature and density diagnostics. The upgrade will increase the inter-processor communication speed and provide the flexibility to integrate additional processors to match the cost and computing needs of the tokamak research program.
Structures of Carbon Nanocrystals

Single-crystal electron nanodiffraction patterns have been obtained from nanocrystals of various phases formed within carbonaceous balls produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). For the face-centered cubic phase, n-diamond, with cell dimension a = 0.36 nm, the relative intensities of the (200) reflection (forbidden for the diamond structure) and the (111) reflection suggest that the structure may include hydrogen atoms, and theoretical analyses support this possibility. There is evidence for a body-centered cubic phase with a = 0.31 nm, and the incorporation of hydrogen in this structure is suggested. Small amounts of hexagonal diamond, i-carbon, and other cubic phases are also present.
Submicrometer-channel CMOS for low-temperature operation

A 0.5-µm-channel CMOS design optimized for liquid-nitrogen temperature operation is described. Thin gate oxide (12.5 nm) and dual polysilicon work functions (n+-poly gate for n-channel and p+-poly for p-channel transistors) are used. The power supply voltage is chosen to be 2.5 V based on performance, hot-carrier effects, and power dissipation considerations. The doping profiles of the channel and the background (substrate or well) are chosen to optimize the mobility, substrate sensitivity, and junction capacitance with minimum process complexity. The reduced supply voltage enables the use of silicided shallow arsenic and boron junctions, without any intentional junction grading, to control short-channel effects and to reduce the parasitic series resistance at 77 K. The same self-aligned silicide over the polysilicon gate electrode reduces the sheet resistance (as low as 1 Ω/sq at 77 K) and provides the strapping between the gates of the complementary transistors. The design has been demonstrated by a simple n-well/p-substrate CMOS process with very good device characteristics and ring-oscillator performance at 77 K.
Alterations in Pain Responses in Treated and Untreated Patients with Restless Legs Syndrome: Associations with Sleep Disruption

Objective There has been recent interest in characterizing potential abnormalities of pain processing in patients with sleep disorders such as Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). The aim of this study was to evaluate psychophysical responses to noxious heat and pressure stimuli in both treated and untreated RLS patients, compared to matched controls.
Preventing burnout in professionals and paraprofessionals who work with child abuse and neglect cases: A cognitive behavioral approach to supervision

Professionals and paraprofessionals who treat children and families where child maltreatment has occurred are subject to many strains. This article focuses on the potential for burnout in such work. It discusses strategies in supervision to combat early manifestations of burnout and to prevent its full-blown occurrence. A cognitive-behavioral framework is used to help supervisors identify the sources of strain, the maladaptive and inflexible assumptions regarding their own capacities as professionals and their own views of families that these strains may violate, and ways to work with supervisees to reduce the impact these violations have. It also addresses supervisors' own reactions to the high level of needs such families and children present and the strain on the supervisory relationship they produce. Institutionally based and systemic issues are highlighted. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 56: 643–663, 2000.
Estimation of the size and orientation distribution of filamentary features from measurements on a two‐dimensional section

SUMMARY A procedure is described for determining the joint distribution Lv(r, o, θ) of the radii (r) and orientation (o, θ) of a filamentary structure from measurements on a single section. For tubular filaments it is also possible to determine the wall-thickness distribution. The following assumptions are made: (1) that the filaments have a circular cross-section; (2) that the length and radius of curvature of the filaments are large compared with their radii. The analysis is also applicable to transmitted images if the thickness of the slice is small compared with the average radius of the filaments.
Neutron Self-Shielding in a Simple Plane Lattice

A generalization of the Serber-Wilson method has been used to derive an expression for the one neutron group self-shielding factor for an absorbing material alternating with a pure moderator and sc...
Alterations in β-endorphin-induced locomotor activity in morphine-tolerant rats

Abstract Locomotor activity was monitored following administration of morphine or β-endorphin in rats pretreated for 9 days with either saline or morphine. Morphine pretreatment resulted in qualitatively similar alterations in the biphasic response patterns to morphine and β-endorphin. These results suggest that the same underlying mechanisms subserve the behavioral effects produced by opiates and opioid peptides.
Photochemical synthesis of C/D-ring synthons of vitamin D

Abstract Beginning with a steroid-5-ene, C/D-ring synthons of vitamin D are readily prepared via ozonization followed by a Norrish II photoelimination reaction.
Reply to Yaman et al.'s Red cell distribution width and coronary artery disease

Abstract Red blood cell distribution width (RDW), a numerical measure of the variability in size of circulating erythrocytes, has recently been shown to be a strong predictor of adverse outcomes in a variety of patient populations, including those with known or suspected coronary artery disease. In this reply, we provide data as to why it is highly unlikely that the association between RDW and mortality is related to, or confounded by, nutritional deficiencies and/or other hematologic coefficients. We make the case that elevated RDW is indeed an independent predictor of poor outcomes.
Temporal prediction of block motion vectors with local ambiguity-based adaptivity

The computational burden of full search block matching algorithms for motion estimation in video coding can be reduced through exploitation of spatial and temporal correlation of the motion vectors. This paper describes a simple adaptive temporal prediction scheme for block motion vectors. The first-order temporal predictor determines the center of the search area for a conventional block match, but with substantially reduced search radius. The abbreviated search reduces computation by about 75% for blocks whose motion is successfully predicted. Adaptivity is introduced through the notion of ambiguity in the predicted block match. Those blocks whose matching cost function shows too great an ambiguity in the neighborhood of the best match are instead estimated by the conventional full search. While performance of the algorithm is dependent on sequence content, it offers an attractive choice in the computational cost/performance tradeoff for simple motion compensation.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The rise and fall of Adrian Fenty, Mayor-Triathlete: cycling, gentrification and class politics in Washington DC.

Promoting cycling and building bike lanes would seem to be an uncontroversial way for progressive mayors to build up their ‘green’ and ‘smart city’ reputations. After all, cycling promotes health, reduces traffic and fights global warming. Yet, surprisingly, it was former Washington DC Mayor Adrian Fenty’s enthusiasm for building bike lanes that, at least in part, brought his once-promising political career to a sudden end in 2010. Drawing on a synthesis of Bourdieu’s field theory and Stuart Hall’s concept of articulation, this article offers a case study of cycling and class politics in Washington DC. In particular, this article examines how, during the 2010 Mayoral election, cycling became articulated with wider struggles over gentrification and race. A concluding section draws on the case to argue that Hall’s concept of articulation offers a useful corrective for the subtle bias toward social reproduction in Bourdieu’s theory of social fields.
Immune complexes from immunized mice and infected cystic fibrosis patients mediate murine and human T cell killing of hybridomas producing protective, opsonic antibody to Pseudomonas aeruginosa

We examined the basis for the absence in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients of opsonic antibodies to the mucoid exopolysaccharide (MEP) antigen surrounding Pseudomonas aeruginosa that infect these patients. Opsonic antibodies to MEP are found in sera of the minority of CF patients that remain noncolonized into the second to fourth decades of life and protect rodents from chronic P. aeruginosa endobronchial infections. High titers of nonopsonic antibodies to MEP are found in P. aeruginosa-infected CF patients. Immunization of mice with doses of MEP that provoke only nonopsonic antibodies elicited CD3+, CD8+, T cell receptor alpha beta receptor+, major histocompatibility complex-unrestricted cytotoxic lymphocytes specific for hybridoma cells producing opsonic but not nonopsonic antibodies. Cytotoxicity was dependent on immune complexes on the surface of the T cells. Normal murine T cells could be activated by concanavalin A and sensitized with immune complexes for cytotoxic killing of hybridoma targets. CF patients infected with P. aeruginosa had serum immune complexes that sensitized concanavalin A-activated human T cells to kill murine hybridoma cells producing opsonic but not nonopsonic antibody. These results could explain the absence in infected CF patients of MEP-specific opsonins, an occurrence that accompanies the persistence of this infectious state.
Cortical activation during Braille reading is influenced by early visual experience in subjects with severe visual disability: A correlational fMRI study

Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed on blind adults resting and reading Braille. The strongest activation was found in primary somatic sensory/motor cortex on both cortical hemispheres. Additional foci of activation were situated in the parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes where visual information is processed in sighted persons. The regions were differentiated most in the correlation of their time courses of activation with resting and reading. Differences in magnitude and expanse of activation were substantially less significant. Among the traditionally visual areas, the strength of correlation was greatest in posterior parietal cortex and moderate in occipitotemporal, lateral occipital, and primary visual cortex. It was low in secondary visual cortex as well as in dorsal and ventral inferior temporal cortex and posterior middle temporal cortex. Visual experience increased the strength of correlation in all regions except dorsal inferior temporal and posterior parietal cortex. The greatest statistically significant increase, i.e., ∼30%, was in ventral inferior temporal and posterior middle temporal cortex. In these regions, words are analyzed semantically, which may be facilitated by visual experience. In contrast, visual experience resulted in a slight, insignificant diminution of the strength of correlation in dorsal inferior temporal cortex where language is analyzed phonetically. These findings affirm that posterior temporal regions are engaged in the processing of written language. Moreover, they suggest that this function is modified by early visual experience. Furthermore, visual experience significantly strengthened the correlation of activation and Braille reading in occipital regions traditionally involved in the processing of visual features and object recognition suggesting a role for visual imagery. Hum. Brain Mapping 14:186–195, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Topics in pharmacokinetics, II: Identification of time-lag processes

Abstract We discuss some aspects of the asymptotic behavior of solutions of linear differential-difference equations arising in two-compartment models where time lags exist, and present a method for the determination of rate constants and delays on the basis of observations over time.
A People Divided: Judaism In Contemporary America

This brilliant analysis of American Judaism in the last half of the 20th century won the 1993-94 National Jewish Book Award for the best book on contemporary Jewry and also was named an Outstanding Book of 1993 by Choice. Jack Wertheimer examines how fundamental changes in American society have affected Jewish religious and communal life, paying special attention to contradictions and schisms that threaten the integrity of American Jewish practices and beliefs. A People Divided remains an essential primer for anyone interested in the ongoing debate about what constitutes Jewishness and who is a Jew.
Some aspects of the geochemistry of F, Fe and Mn in coastal waters and in fresh-water springs on the southeast coast of Hawaii

Abstract Possible inputs of fluoride, iron, and manganese into coastal waters and fresh-water springs on the southeast coast of Hawaii by the erupting Kilauea volcano were investigated. Samples were obtained in 1969 (quiet Kilauea) and in 1970 (moderate Kilauea eruption). Water samples taken near young submarine volcanoes on the submerged east rift zone of Kilauea and from fresh-water springs in the same area were not influenced by Kilauea activity. Leaching of fresh Kilauea pumice by fresh water and sea water at 25°C produced increases of fluoride, iron, and manganese in the water samples. The total amount removed by leaching decreased rapidly with time for fluoride and manganese; iron was removed more easily. With respect to these ions it appears that submarine volcanism will not affect nearby sea water very much in the periods between eruptions. The fresh-water springs in Hawaii show typical baseline values for the elements analyzed. These was no detectable influence of moderate eruption of Kilauea on these springs, or on rain and river water upwind of the eruption. The fluoride content of the underground water was close to 0.8 p.p.m., well within the optimum range commonly maintained artificially (0.8 to 1.0 p.p.m.) in potable water supplies elsewhere.