cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Organization of Auditory Connections

Both evoked potential (91, 97) and microelectrode (55) mapping experiments suggest that primate auditory cortex contains multiple representations of the basilar membrane. Auditory cortex of the owl monkey can be divided into five fields using electrophysiological maps and cytoarchitectonic criteria (37). The positions of these auditory cortical fields on the superior temporal gyrus are depicted in Fig. 4.1. Both the primary field (A I) and the field rostral to it (R) contain complete frequency representations and differ from each other cytoarchitechonically. Surrounding these two fields are several secondary areas, the anterolateral (AL), posterolateral (PL) and caudomedial (CM) fields. The rostromedial field (RM) is not pictured in Fig. 4.1, but occupies the lateral bank of the inferior limiting sulcus. Each of these secondary fields is cytoarchitechnically distinct from the others and cells within each of them respond to acoustic stimulation.
A PLANT VIRAL COAT PROTEIN RNA BINDING CONSENSUS SEQUENCE CONTAINS A CRUCIAL ARGININE

A defining feature of alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and ilarviruses [type virus: tobacco streak virus (TSV)] is that, in addition to genomic RNAs, viral coat protein is required to establish infection in plants. AMV and TSV coat proteins, which share little primary amino acid sequence identity, are functionally interchangeable in RNA binding and initiation of infection. The lysine-rich amino-terminal RNA binding domain of the AMV coat protein lacks previously identified RNA binding motifs. Here, the AMV coat protein RNA binding domain is shown to contain a single arginine whose specific side chain and position are crucial for RNA binding. In addition, the putative RNA binding domain of two ilarvirus coat proteins, TSV and citrus variegation virus, is identified and also shown to contain a crucial arginine. AMV and ilarvirus coat protein sequence alignment centering on the key arginine revealed a new RNA binding consensus sequence. This consensus may explain in part why heterologous viral RNA-coat protein mixtures are infectious.
Surfactants, Soaps, and Detergents

A general area of the chemical industry that manufactures most of the surfactants, soaps, and detergents is called Soaps, Cleaning Compounds, and Toilet Preparations (NAICS 3256), one of the seven major divisions of Chemical Manufacturing (see Fig. 20.1 for this summary). This amounts to over $50 billion and is 14% of all Chemical Manufacturing. We will concentrate primarily on a subsector of this division, Soaps and Other Detergents (NAICS 325611), although all subsectors of Soaps, Cleaning Compounds, and Toilet Preparations use surface active (surfactant) chemicals, which are further modified into finished products. Over 5 billion lb of surfactants serve all these sectors. In addition to household and industrial cleaning, oil field applications and personal care products are big users of surfactants.
MODEL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PREDICTION OF NOISE BY HIGH SPEED SHEAR LAYERS

In addition to the need to develop innovative methods to control noise production by high speed shear layers, there is also the need to develop computational methods that accurately predict noise generated by these shear layers. With the successful application of Navier-Stokes codes to predict nozzle internal fluid mechanics, calculation of the noise emission from complex nozzle geometries is plausible if it were possible to compute the external noise source. This paper examines the prediction of mean flow structure associated with fully pressure balanced generic nozzle geometries using a parabolized Navier-Stokes solver with a k — e d two equation turbulence model with compressible turbulence dissipation. The predicted mean flow structure is used to apply the linearized compressible Rayleigh equation to predict the principle components of noise radiation. Application of this method is made to predict the flow and acoustics associated with round and elliptic jets, each designed for an exhaust Mach number of 2. Where possible, comparison of predicted flow and sound is made to experimental data associated with round and elliptic supersonic nozzles.
Enzymes of transmethylation

The enzymes involved in direct transmethylation reactions which have been most studied and well-characterized are betaine-homocysteine transmethylase (BHT), thetin-homocysteine transmethylase (THT), S-adenosylmethionine guanidinoacetic acid methyl-pherase (AGM), and S-adenosylmethionine-nicotinamide methylpherase (ANM). In each case a methyl group is transferred enzymatically from a methyl donor to a methyl acceptor. In the naming of the enzymes, the methyl donor has been named first and the acceptor second. In BHT a methyl group is transferred from nitrogen to sulfur; in THT, from sulfur to sulfur; and in AGM and ANM, from sulfur to nitrogen. As far as is known to date, with the exception of THT, each of the enzymes is specific for the substrates given in the names of the enzymes. For example, S-adenosylhomocysteine cannot serve in place of homocysteine in the BHT reaction1.
Treatment of Peripartum Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder affects women throughout their childbearing years. During the perinatal period, women with bipolar disorder are vulnerable to depressive episode recurrences and have an increased risk for postpartum psychosis. Perinatal screening is critical to identify women at risk. Although medications are the mainstay of treatment, the choice of pharmacotherapy must be made by the patient based on a risk-benefit discussion with her physician. For optimal dosing in pregnancy, therapeutic drug monitoring may be required to maintain effective drug concentrations. Residual symptoms of bipolar depression are treatable with bright light therapy as an alternative to medication augmentation.
Evolving Decisions: Perspectives of Active and Athletic Individuals with Inherited Heart Disease Who Exercise Against Recommendations

Individuals with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and long QT syndrome (LQTS) are advised to avoid certain forms of exercise to reduce their risk of sudden death. Cardiovascular genetic counselors facilitate both adaptation to, and decision-making about, these exercise recommendations. This study describes decision-making and experiences of active adults who exercise above physicians' recommendations. Purposive sampling was used to select adults with HCM and LQTS who self-identified as exercising above recommendations. Semi-structured interviews explored participants' decision-making and the psychological impact of exercise recommendations. Fifteen individuals were interviewed (HCM: 10; LQTS: 5; mean age: 40). Transcripts were coded and analyzed for underlying themes. Despite exercising above recommendations, nearly all participants made some modifications to their prior exercise regimen. Often these decisions changed over time, underscoring the importance of shared decision-making conversations beyond the initial evaluation. The importance of exercise was frequently cited as a reason for continued exercise, as were perceptions of sudden death risk as low, acceptable, or modifiable. Many participants reported that family and friends supported their exercise decisions, with a minority having family or friends that expressed significant reservations. Genetic counselors, cardiologists, and nurses can use these data to inform their counseling regarding exercise recommendations.
Small Bowel Obstruction: When Is X-Ray Enough?

Abdominal x-rays are frequently ordered in patients with suspected small bowel obstruction (SBO). However, this practice is discouraged by the American College of Radiology due to poor sensitivity. Abdominal x-rays have insufficient sensitivity (75%) and specificity (66%) to rule in or rule out a diagnosis of SBO. Further, x-rays lack reliable information on the etiology and level of obstruction, almost always warranting further imaging. In most cases, alternative diagnostic modalities such as ultrasound and computed tomography should be used to diagnose SBO.
Jawing through Crises: Chinese and Vietnamese Media Strategies in the South China Sea

ABSTRACTWinston Churchill once said, ‘it is better to jaw-jaw than to war-war.’ However, negotiations are particularly difficult when they are enmeshed in public opinion precommitments. The sharpes...
The Effect of Diet on Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms and Its Role in the Treatment Plan (P12-001-19)

Objectives Determine to what extent IBS patients relate their symptoms to diet and what role diet has in their treatment plan.
The Interplay of Alkylidyne and Carbaborane Ligands at Metal Centers II: Proton-Mediated Reactions1

Publisher Summary This chapter covers protonation reactions of the alkylidyne(carbaborane) complexes of the group 6 metals that are depicted in structural formulae. Many of the reactions described were carried out in the presence of donor substrate molecules, resulting in the observation of new B–C, P–C , C–C, and metal–metal bond-forming processes. Novel low temperature polytopal rearrangements, cage degradation reactions, and metal-cage interactions have been discovered, as a consequence of the formation of molecules with unusual structures. The complexes explained in this chapter demonstrate the ways in which the proton, the simplest of all chemical reagents, can be used to unlock the potential of alkylidyne(carbaborane) metal complexes. Most metallacarbaborane complexes so far reported have generally displayed reactivity patterns involving the carbaborane cage, rather than the ligands attached to the metal vertices, the metal-bound exopolyhedral ligands usually remaining inert.
The link between colon cancer and congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE).

Abstract Purpose Clarify the differences between Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)-associated Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Epithelium (CHRPE) and benign variants with regards to lesion characteristics and associated risk. Observations An eighteen-year-old man with no past medical history was found to have multiple lesions in both eyes that were consistent with FAP-associated CHRPE. Although family history was negative for colon cancer, a colonoscopy was performed, and hundreds of polyps were found extending from the rectum to the distal colon with pathological findings of tubular adenoma. Genetic testing was consistent with a possible de novo Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) mutation. Conclusions and Importance: FAP is an autosomal dominant syndrome that causes colorectal cancer by age thirty-five in ninety-five percent of cases. There has been no established relationship between the benign variants of CHRPE and FAP, and patients with benign variants have no increased risk of colon cancer. While the lack of distinction in nomenclature and similar lesion appearance often leads to misdiagnosis and overtreatment, there are distinct ocular exam features that can provide the correct diagnosis. The exam findings that distinguish FAP-associated CHRPE lesions are (1) bilateralism, (2) occurrence in multiple quadrants, (3) pisiform shape, and (4) irregular borders. Knowing these features can be of great aid, especially in the setting of suspected de novo Familial Adenomatous Polyposis.
Execution Units Power-Gating to Improve Energy Efficiency of GPGPUs

In this paper, we examine the distribution and the length of execution units idle cycles for several typical GPGPU applications to direct the energy-saving strategies to capture potential execution units power-gating opportunities. We record the idle durations of the execution units for SMs (Streaming Multiprocessors) including integer units and floating units in SPs (Streaming Processors) and SFUs (Special Function Units). Second, based on the observation of idleness, we study the effectiveness of the execution units power-gating on the leakage energy saving with two simple policies, the immediate power-gating (IPG) and idle detect power-gating (ID-PG). We examine the polices with various parameter settings in order to offer insights on possible gains and losses from the power-gating techniques to enable smarter strategies in future research. The experimental results show that both policies can achieve satisfactory leakage energy saving on execution units. The immediate power-gating can reduct the execution units leakage energy by 84.3% when the break even time is set to 5 cycles and the idle detect power-gating can save 67.1% of the total execution units leakage energy even if the break even time goes up to 20 cycles.
Interacting with background music engages E-Customers more: The impact of interactive music on consumer perception and behavioral intention

Abstract The current study investigates the potential of applying interactive music to the design of e-commerce websites, aiming to create more engaging consumer experience. The model of Theory of Interactive Media Effects (TIME) is applied to propose two psychological mechanisms – heightened consumer control and perceived vividness of the website – that explain the effect of interactive music on consumer engagement. A single-factor experiment with three conditions (the control condition without background music, the static background music condition, and the interactive background music condition) was conducted and data from 248 consumers were collected. Results found that consumers in the interactive music condition were more affectively engaged in the shopping task compared to those in the other two conditions due to a higher level of novelty. The novelty dimension of affective engagement subsequently led to stronger behavioral intention and more positive perception toward the website and its brand. Whereas consumer control explained only affective engagement with the online store, perceived vividness of the website predicted both cognitive and affective engagement. In conclusion, the present study contributes to scholarship by addressing limited discussion on interactive music under the context of consumer behavior and drawing attention to perceived control and vividness as critical mediators of consumer engagement in the digital retailing environment.
Response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) retreatment after a drug-free interval in EGFR-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with acquired resistance.

7525 Background: Patients (pts) with advanced NSCLC and sensitizing EGFR mutations who initially respond to gefitinib or erlotinib eventually develop acquired resistance to the TKIs. Anecdotal and ...
Half-life of 92 Nb g

We have produced the long-lived ground state of $^{92}\mathrm{Nb}$ by irradiation of niobium foils with 14.8-MeV neutrons, and we have established its half-life from measurements of the disintegration rate and the neutron fluence together with the known $^{93}\mathrm{Nb}(n,2n)^{92}\mathrm{Nb}^{g}$ cross section. On the basis of two separate experiments we obtain ${t}_{\frac{1}{2}}(^{92}\mathrm{Nb}^{g})=(3.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$ yr.RADIOACTIVITY $^{92}\mathrm{Nb}^{g}$; measured ${T}_{\frac{1}{2}}$.
Opioid-free anesthesia for adenotonsillectomy in children.

Abstract Introduction Opioids are administered during the intraoperative and postoperative periods in pediatric adenotonsillectomy and tonsillectomy. Non-opioid analgesics are often used as an analgesic during pediatric adenotonsillectomy and tonsillectomy. In this hypothesis generating study, we are evaluating safety and efficacy of stand-alone opioid analgesia for adenotonsillectomy and tonsillectomy. Methods This is a single-center retrospective chart review of patients ages 2 to 13 who underwent elective adenotonsillectomy and tonsillectomy. We used a convenience sampling method to select patients who received intraoperative intravenous fentanyl, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or any combination thereof. The following outcomes were analyzed in this study: (i) the length of Post Anesthesia Care Unit stay, (ii) administration of postoperative opioids; (iii) postoperative opioid equivalents required; (iv) administration of postoperative non-opioid analgesics; and (v) inpatient admission from ED within 30 days. We used univariate analysis to compare the data points. Results We analyzed data from 323 patients who underwent adenotonsillectomy and tonsillectomy. The Post Anesthesia Care Unit length stay was similar for the intraoperative opioid-free and intraoperative opioid groups, 146.68 (±67.35) and 143.18 (±37.85) minutes, respectively (p = 0.586). Additionally, 102 patients (73.4%) in the intraoperative opioid-free group and 184 patients (83.2%) in the intraoperative opioid group did not receive any postoperative opioids (p = 0.033). The incidence of adverse events was similar between the intraoperative opioid-free and intraoperative opioid groups 3 (2.2%) and 5 (2.7%) respectively, p-value 0.749. A subgroup analysis comparing extracapsular 235 (72.8%) versus intracapsular 88 (27.2%) tonsillectomy yielded similar results. Conclusion In this study, our data indicates that American Society of Anesthesiologists I– II pediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy and tonsillectomy can be efficiently and safely managed with an opioid-free intraoperative and postoperative analgesic regimen. Due to the explained limitations, our study results should be interpreted cautiously.
Employment relationships in algorithmic management: A psychological contract perspective

Abstract Algorithms increasingly automate or support managerial functions in organizations, with implications for the employee-employer relationship. We explored how algorithmic management affects this relationship with a focus on psychological contracts, or employees' perceptions of their own and their employers' obligations. Through five online experiments, we investigated how organizational agent type—algorithmic versus human—influenced one's psychological contract depending on the organizational inducement type—transactional versus relational. We explored psychological contracts in two stages of employment: during early phases, such as recruiting (Studies 1 and 2) and onboarding (Studies 4 and 5), when the agent explains the inducements to the employee; and during employment, when the agent under-delivers the inducements to varying degrees (Studies 3–5). Our results suggest that agent type did not affect psychological contracts around transactional inducements but did so for relational inducements in the cases of recruiting and low inducement delivery (Studies 1–5). Algorithmic agents signaled reduced employer commitments to relational inducements during recruiting (Study 1). Using human agents resulted in greater perceived breach when delivery of relational inducements was low (Study 5). Regardless of inducement type, turnover intentions were higher when the human agent under-delivered compared to the algorithmic agent (Study 5). Our studies show how algorithmic management may influence one's psychological contract.
Van der Waals Heterostructures by Design: From 1D and 2D to 3D

Summary Heterostructures with designable electronic interfaces represent the material foundation for modern electronic and optoelectronic devices. The conventional heterostructures rely on covalent bonds to integrate the constituent materials with strict lattice-matching requirements. The use of van der Waals (VDW) force allows a bond-free strategy to integrate a wide range of materials, including zero-dimensional (0D) nanoparticles, one-dimensional (1D) nanowires, two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets, and three-dimensional (3D) bulk materials, beyond the reach of conventional heterostructures, creating versatile artificial VDW heterostructures with nearly arbitrary modulation of chemical compositions and electronic structures by design. In this review, we start with a brief review of the unique attributes and merits of VDW heterostructures and then highlight a series of example heterostructures assembled from various low-dimensional materials, including 1D/1D, 0D/2D, 1D/2D, 2D/2D, 2D/3D, and 3D-3D heterojunctions and devices. We will conclude with a prospect on the new opportunities and emerging challenges arising in these unconventional heterostructures.
Raman signature of defected twisted bilayer graphene

Abstract Layered two-dimensional crystal systems can exhibit complex interlayer interactions, which are influenced by local crystal structure and/or electronic variations. Here, we study the influence of defects in twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) using Raman spectroscopy. We explore the varied influence of defects on three characteristic Raman modes of both fully-defected TBG, with defects introduced in both layers, and half-defected TBG, with defects introduced in only a single layer. The resonance condition responsible for a strong enhancement of the G peak is sensitive to structural disorder and is quenched within a radius ∼3 nm of defects, while the twist-angle dependence of the 2D peak is influenced only at the site of structural disorder (∼1 nm radius).
Driver Fatigue and at Risk Groups: Significance for Health Educators

Abstract Driver fatigue has become a problem that deserves more attention. Each year driver fatigue kills at least 1,500 Americans, and the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates that as many as 100,000 police-reported crashes are the result of driver fatigue. Researchers have identified certain groups that are most at risk of driver fatigue. These groups are rotating shift workers, truck drivers, sleep-disordered persons, and young adults. Health education may help decrease these driver fatigue-related crashes in these groups through educational interventions.
A design framework for evaluating changes in clinical communication systems

Poor communication in critical care settings has the potential to adversely impact patient outcomes and clinical team performance. Hence, improvements to clinical communication systems are continually sought. However, evaluating these modifications and assessing the risk of degraded performance are complex issues, which are typically addressed qualitatively. These approaches typically examine individual perceptions and can fail to capture the actual performance of the modified processes in the communication system. In order to avoid these issues and effectively analyze the changes in a given system, a Monte Carlo simulation methodology is proposed using data extracted from Electronic Medical Records (EMR) compiled by the Huron Consulting Group to precisely measure modified system performance. We couple a risk analysis, using control charts, with a temporal distribution analysis to determine whether to halt using a new system due to failures or determine if more observations are needed to make an adequate assessment. Specifically, we use EMR data to apply this methodology and show the tradeoff between sample size and the likelihood that the data converges to the current state of communication. This methodology will enable researchers to expedite the assessment of the impact of a technology, which is critical in a complex system such as the hospital.
Low‐threshold LPE In1−x′Gax′P1−z′ Asz′/In1−xGaxP1−zAsz/In1− x′ Gax′P1−z′Asz′ yellow double‐heterojunction laser diodes (J<104 A/cm2, λ∼5850 Å, 77 °K)

Liquid phase epitaxial (LPE) In1−x′Gax′P1−z′ Asz′/In1−xGaxP1−zAsz/In1− x′ Gax′P1−z′Asz′ (x′∼0.66, z′∼0.005; x∼0.71, z∼0.10) double‐heterojunction laser diodes that operate in the yellow at relatively low current densities (J<104 A/cm2, λ∼5850 A, 77 °K) are reported. The lattice‐matched LPE quaternary growth process, employing GaAs1−yPy substrates, and the double‐heterojunction laser diode properties are described.
PAM-Blox: high performance FPGA design for adaptive computing

PAM-Blox are object-oriented circuit generators on top of the PCI Pamette design environment, PamDC. High-performance FPGA design for adaptive computing is simplified by using a hierarchy of optimized hardware objects described in C++. PAM-Blox consist of two major layers of abstraction. First, PamBlox are parameterizable simple elements such as counters and adders. Automatic placement of carry chains and flexible shapes are supported. PaModules are more complex elements possibly instantiating PamBlox. PaModules have fixed shapes and are usually optimized for a specific data-width. Examples for PaModules are multipliers, Coordinate Rotations (CORDICs), and special arithmetic units for encryption. The key difference of our approach to most other design tools for FPGAs is that the designer has total control over placement at each level of the design hierarchy, which is the key to high-performance FPGA design. Second, the object interface was chosen carefully to encourage code-reuse and simplify code-sharing between designers. PAM-Blox are intended to be part of an open library that allows design sharing between members of the adaptive computing community.
Introducing the data mining utility: a web-based application for data mining experimentation on neurological datasets

Data mining applications have facilitated knowledge discovery in a multitude of areas including marketing, biological and geological sciences, and image processing. Through well established mathematical algorithms related to pattern recognition, predictive modeling, and anomaly detection, warehouses of data have been explored and interpreted with the purposes of helping researchers unveil and understand complex patterns. In this paper, we present the development of a web-based Data Mining Utility, created with the ultimate goal of allowing medical researchers to detect new artifacts that have been previously obscured through conventional signal processing techniques in neurological datasets. This web tool is powered by Data to Knowledge, which was created by the Automated Learning Group of the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois, by integrating a vast library of customizable data mining techniques into a unified programming environment. Using this framework, along with the D2K Web Service, this Data Mining Utility will enhance an established Multi-Site Pediatric Network for fMRI in Childhood Epilepsy, as a means for researchers to gain further insight on medical case studies.
A SERUM FACTOR INHIBITS IRON INCORPORATION (ANTI-ERYTHROPOIETIN) ASSOCIATED WITH MESENTERIC LYMPHOID HAMARTOMA

An 11-year-old girl had a refractory, hypochromic, microcytic anemia; hypoferremia; normoblastic hyperplasia (marrow); hypergammaglobulinemia; and growth retardation (bone age 6 yr). Isotope ferrokinetic studies revealed impaired absorption, rapid plasma clearance, and impaired incorporation of 59Fe. Treatment with oral and parenteral iron, pyridoxine, folic acid, vitamin B12, and gluten-free diet failed to produce any improvement. A 99mTc-sulfur colloid scintigram of the abdomen failed to demonstrate abnormal isotope uptake. The abdomen was explored, and a lymphoid hamartoma was removed from the gastrolienal ligament. Follow-up studies at 3 and 6 months revealed complete correction of the anemia, 2.0 cm increase in height within 3 months, and normal serum γ-globulin levels. Serum obtained preoperatively inhibited the 59Fe incorporation induced by a standard dose of erythropoietin in the exhypoxic polycythemic mouse assay system. This effect persisted in serum obtained 3 days after surgery but disappeared by 7 days. These observations indicate that the tumor forms a substance which inhibits iron incorporation, especially synthesis of heme. Further studies of this inhibitor are in progress.
RADIATIVE MESON-NUCLEON SCATTERING

In this paper the static-source model of the pion-nucleon interaction is applied to the problem of the bremsstrahlung emitted in pion-nucleon scattering. It is shown that the matrix element for radiative meson scattering can be expressed in terms of other experimentally detsrmined quantities, such as the matrix element for elastic scattering, provided the general static-source model is valid. Therefore, comparison of experimental results with those predicted by the present investigation will indicate the extent to which this simple model is valid, and suggest the refinements which are needed. (auth)
Transforming teaching and learning with active and dramatic approaches: engaging students across the curriculum / How drama activates learning: contemporary research and practice

Read together, these books provide practitioners and researchers with writings from many of the most experienced and thoughtful voices in drama in education. Yet they have very different intentions...
Evidence for differential regulation of the adipokine visfatin in the maternal and fetal compartments in normal spontaneous labor at term.

Objective Visfatin, a novel adipokine with metabolic and immunoregulatory properties, has been implicated in the regulation of fetal growth, as well as in preterm labor. A gap in knowledge is whether spontaneous labor at term is associated with changes in the maternal and fetal concentrations of visfatin. The aim of this study was to determine if the presence of labor at term is associated with alterations in maternal and neonatal plasma visfatin concentrations. Study design This cross-sectional study included 50 normal pregnant women at term and their appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) neonates in the following groups: 1) 25 mother-neonate pairs delivered by elective cesarean section without spontaneous labor, and 2) 25 mother-neonate pairs who delivered vaginally following spontaneous labor. Maternal plasma and cord blood visfatin concentrations were determined by ELISA. Non-parametric statistics were used for analyses. Results 1) The median visfatin concentration was higher in umbilical cord plasma of neonates born following a spontaneous labor at term than that of those who were born by an elective cesarean section (P=0.02); 2) in contrast, the median maternal plasma visfatin concentration did not differ significantly between patients with and without labor (P=0.44); and 3) there was a significant correlation between umbilical cord plasma concentration of visfatin and both maternal visfatin concentration (r=0.54, P=0.005) and gestational age (GA) at delivery (r=0.58; P=0.002) only in the absence of labor. Conclusion Term labor is associated with increased fetal, but not maternal, circulating visfatin concentrations. Previous reports indicate that preterm labor leading to preterm delivery is characterized by an increase in maternal plasma concentrations of visfatin. The observations reported herein support the view that there are fundamental differences in the endocrine and metabolic adaptations in normal labor at term and preterm labor.
Vibrational spectra and normal coordinate analysis for cyclopentene, cyclopentene-1-d1, cyclopentene-1,2,3,3-d4 and cyclopentene-d8

Abstract The vibrational spectra of cyclopentene, cyclopentene-1-d 1 , cyclopentene-1,2,3,3-d 4 and cyclopentene-d 8 have been measured between 4000 and 100 cm −1 in all three physical states. In conjunction with a normal coordinate analysis, vibrational assignments are proposed on the basis of isotopic shift ratios, group frequency considerations, relative band intensities and shapes as well as depolarization ratios. The vibrational assignments and coupling effects are discussed in terms of the calculated potential energy distribution. A total of thirty-seven valence force constants was used to calculate the one hundred and twenty-eight frequencies for the four isotopic derivatives of cyclopentene. The correspondence between the observed and calculated frequencies is reflected by the overall percentage error of about 1%.
The Rural Role in National Value Chains

Feser E. and Isserman A. The rural role in national value chains, Regional Studies. Industry clustering is a useful concept for understanding the interdependence among industries and its implications for regional economic development and growth. The paper claims that the fullest understanding of the implications of industrial interdependence for rural economies requires viewing linked industries – or value chains – on a spatial continuum, from those that are national in geographic scope to those that are highly localized in specific places as regional clusters. From that perspective, rural economies may depend on – as well as contribute to – the competitive success of value chains anchored elsewhere. The perspective is operationalized using a new classification of 45 US industry value chains together with a new rural–urban county typology. The results demonstrate that rural America plays an integral part in a great variety of US value chains. Federal, state, or local development agencies must be careful n...
A peptide from the Drosophila Shaker K+ channel inhibits a voltage-gated K+ channel in basolateral membranes of Necturus enterocytes.

Abstract A synthetic peptide composed of the first 22 amino acid residues of the Drosophila Shaker K+ channel inhibits a voltage-gated K+ channel in basolateral membrane vesicles from Necturus enterocytes reconstituted in planar phospholipid bilayers when added to the solution bathing the inner surface of this channel but not when added to the solution bathing its outer surface. A modified peptide in which the leucine in the 7 position is replaced with phenylalanine is also an effective inhibitor, but replacement of the leucine-7 with lysine or glutamate, or digestion with trypsin, renders the peptide ineffective; replacement of the leucine-7 with glycine markedly reduces but does not abolish the effectiveness of the peptide as an inhibitor. These results are analogous to those reported for the Shaker K+ channel +ADHoshi, T., Zagotta, W.N. & Aldrich, R.W. (1990) Science 250, 533-538; and Zagotta, W.N., Hoshi, T. & Aldrich, R.W. (1990) Science 250, 568-571.+BD and suggest that the molecular anatomy of the receptor at the inner face of the Necturus K+ channel with which the peptide interacts to bring about inhibition of that channel may be similar to that of the Shaker K+ channel.
Practical approach to the registration of multiple frames of video images

Image registration deals with finding the geometric mapping, which, when applied to a region of interest (ROI) in one image, adjusts it such that it matches as closely as possible a corresponding ROI in a reference image. In this paper we address the application of image registration in the processing of multiple frames of video sequences. We discuss three levels of difficulty in the image registration problem: mathematical, statistical, and structural. Based on this analysis and the understanding of the requirements in our application, we select region-based methods for registering the video images, and describe these methods in detail. We extend the study to subpixel image registration and propose a new and more accurate subpixel registration method based on cross-spectrum interpolation. To demonstrate the performance of these methods, we apply them to the registration of real data.
Phage lambda and plasmid expression vectors with multiple cloning sites and lacZ α-complementation

Two new lambda vectors were constructed which permit cloning of genes that are potentially lethal if cloned in analogous plasmid vectors. lambda DL10 and lambda DL11 contain the alpha-complementing fragment of lacZ and multiple cloning sites found in the polylinker region of M13mp10 and M13mp11, respectively. DNA cloned into the unique cloning sites of these vectors can be detected by inactivation of alpha-complementation. These lambda vectors provide a lac promoter for expression of foreign genes as well as the ability to make fusion proteins. Two plasmid expression vectors, pPR110 and pPR111, were constructed from lambda DL10 and lambda DL11 respectively, and pCQV2. These plasmids, which express lacZ alpha-complementing activity from the lambda PR promoter, contain multiple cloning sites immediately downstream of the PR promoter. They allow cloning of genes under the control of the PR promoter and the plasmid-encoded thermosensitive (cI857) repressor, and allow easy detection of inserted fragments by inactivation of alpha-complementation.
Inhibition of aldosterone production in the adrenal glomerulosa by atrial natriuretic factor

Several forms of the polypeptide atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) have been isolated recently from rat and human atria and identified1–3; they are probably associated with the secretory granules of atrial tissue4. The potent ability of ANFs to increase urine sodium content is mediated by their direct action on the kidney5,6. We report here the high intrinsic activity of a synthetic replicate of one form of this molecule, ANF(8-33) (ref. 7), to inhibit directly basal aldosterone secretion and its ability to antagonize the stimulatory effects of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and angiotensin II (AN-II) on the secretion of aldosterone by rat adrenoglomerulosa cells in vitro. Our results suggest that ANF is of clinical importance in the management of aldosterone-dependent hypertension by modifying the adrenocortical response to endogenous ACTH and AN-II.
Weak convergence in the dual of weak Lp

We consider a Dedekind σ-complete Banach lattice E whose dual is weakly sequentially complete. Suppose that E has a positive element u and a family of positive operators $$ \mathcal{G} $$ such that We show that such a space is a Grothendieck space, i.e., in the dual every weak* convergent sequence converges weakly (Theorem 1). We prove that Weak L p on a real interval satisfies the conditions above if 1 < p < ∞ (Theorem 2). Then we show that every Weak L p space is a Grothendieck space (Theorem 3).
Communication Profiles of Two Types of Gesture Using Nonverbal Persons with Severe to Profound Mental Retardation.

A structured communication sampling procedure was used to measure the form and function characteristics of intentional communication acts produced by nonverbal adults with severe mental retardation...
Rhabdomyolysis after Prolonged Suspension in a Cave

A 29-year-old man was caving and could not ascend his rope. He was rescued after 4+ hours of hanging after which he could not feel his legs and could not move one of them. He was shivering but still alert. In the field, he received calcium chloride, normal saline, and bicarbonate. At the hospital, he was found to have elevated creatine phosphokinase levels that resolved after continued intravenous fluid. Suspension trauma can include early syncope and late rhabdomyolysis. Persons suspended passively must be rescued immediately and given intravenous fluid to prevent rhabdomyolysis and renal failure.
Institutions: integrating objects, XML and databases

Abstract A general model theory based on institutions is proposed as a formal framework for investigating typed object-oriented, XML and other data models equipped with integrity constraints. A major challenge in developing such a unified model theory is in the requirement that it must be able to handle major structural differences between the targeted models as well as the significant differences in the logic bases of their associated constraint languages. A distinctive feature of this model theory is that it is transformation-oriented. It is based on structural transformations within a particular category of models or across different categories with a fundamental requirement that the associated constraints are managed in such a way that the database integrity is preserved.
Ovarian autoimmune disease: clinical concepts and animal models

The ovary is not an immunologically privileged organ, but a breakdown in tolerogenic mechanisms for ovary-specific antigens has disastrous consequences on fertility in women, and this is replicated in murine models of autoimmune disease. Isolated ovarian autoimmune disease is rare in women, likely due to the severity of the disease and the inability to transmit genetic information conferring the ovarian disease across generations. Nonetheless, autoimmune oophoritis is often observed in association with other autoimmune diseases, particularly autoimmune adrenal disease, and takes a toll on both society and individual health. Studies in mice have revealed at least two mechanisms that protect the ovary from autoimmune attack. These mechanisms include control of autoreactive T cells by thymus-derived regulatory T cells, as well as a role for the autoimmune regulator (AIRE), a transcriptional regulator that induces expression of tissue-restricted antigens in medullary thymic epithelial cells during development of T cells. Although the latter mechanism is incompletely defined, it is well established that failure of either results in autoimmune-mediated targeting and depletion of ovarian follicles. In this review, we will address the clinical features and consequences of autoimmune-mediated ovarian infertility in women, as well as the possible mechanisms of disease as revealed by animal models.
Field Observations On Interspecific Agonistic Behavior in Hermit Crabs

[Les interactions combatives de cinq especes de pagurides ont ete observees sur le terrain en plusieurs localites des Florida Keys. Des 322 rencontres observees, 34% etaient interspecifiques. Pour une espece particuliere, en un lieu donne, le nombre de combats interspecifiques variait de 8% (Clibanarius tricolor dans des cuvettes rocheuses intertidales) a 100% (C. antillensis sur un platier rocheux). Pour C. tricolor la proportion des interactions avec manifestations combatives etait plus elevee dans les rencontres intraspecifiques que dans les rencontres interspecifiques., Les interactions combatives de cinq especes de pagurides ont ete observees sur le terrain en plusieurs localites des Florida Keys. Des 322 rencontres observees, 34% etaient interspecifiques. Pour une espece particuliere, en un lieu donne, le nombre de combats interspecifiques variait de 8% (Clibanarius tricolor dans des cuvettes rocheuses intertidales) a 100% (C. antillensis sur un platier rocheux). Pour C. tricolor la proportion des interactions avec manifestations combatives etait plus elevee dans les rencontres intraspecifiques que dans les rencontres interspecifiques.]
Molybdenum incorporated mesoporous silica catalyst for production of biofuels and value-added chemicals via catalytic fast pyrolysis

Production of value-added furans and phenols from biomass through catalytic fast pyrolysis of pine using molybdenum supported on KIT-5 mesoporous silica was explored. Catalysts containing different loadings of molybdenum were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, physisorption and chemisorption analysis, various electron microscopic techniques and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Characterization studies indicate that molybdenum is homogeneously distributed over the KIT-5 silica support in a +6 oxidation state. Fast pyrolysis of pine using molecular beam mass spectrometry with fresh Mo catalyst preferentially produced furans and phenols over conventionally observed aromatic hydrocarbons. Detailed investigation of model biopolymers indicates that the furans originated from the carbohydrate portion of the biomass and the phenols emerged predominantly from the lignin portion of biomass. Results obtained from MBMS were complemented using pyrolytic-GCMS.
An organizing framework for informal caregiver interventions: detailing caregiving activities and caregiver and care recipient outcomes to optimize evaluation efforts

Caregiver interventions may help improve the quality of informal care. Yet the lack of a systematic framework specifying the targets and outcomes of caregiver interventions hampers our ability to understand what has been studied, to evaluate existing programs, and to inform the design of future programs. Our goal was to develop an organizing framework detailing the components of the caregiving activities and the caregiver and care recipient outcomes that should be affected by an intervention. In so doing, we characterize what has been measured in the published literature to date and what should be measured in future studies to enable comparisons across interventions and across time. Our data set comprises 121 reports of caregiver interventions conducted in the United States and published between 2000 and 2009. We extracted information on variables that have been examined as primary and secondary outcomes. These variables were grouped into categories, which then informed the organizing framework. We calculated the frequency with which the interventions examined each framework component to identify areas about which we have the most knowledge and under-studied areas that deserve attention in future research. The framework stipulates that caregiver interventions seek to change caregiving activities, which in turn affect caregiver and care recipient outcomes. The most frequently assessed variables have been caregiver psychological outcomes (especially depression and burden) and care recipient physical and health care use outcomes. Based on the organizing framework, we make three key recommendations to guide interventions and inform research and policy. First, all intervention studies should assess quality and/or quantity of caregiving activities to help understand to what extent and how well the intervention worked. Second, intervention studies should assess a broad range of caregiver and care recipient outcomes, including considering whether expanding to economic status and health care use of the caregiver can be accommodated, to ease subsequent economic evaluations of caregiving. Third, intervention studies should measure a common set of outcomes to facilitate cross-time and cross-study comparisons of effectiveness.
Quality of experience evaluation of voice communication: an affect-based approach

Voice communication systems such as Voice-over IP (VoIP), Public Switched Telephone Networks, and Mobile Telephone Networks, are an integral means of human tele-interaction. These systems pose distinctive challenges due to their unique characteristics such as low volume, burstiness and stringent delay/loss requirements across heterogeneous underlying network technologies. Effective quality evaluation methodologies are important for system development and refinement, particularly by adopting user feedback based measurement. Presently, most of the evaluation models are system-centric (Quality of Service or QoS-based), which questioned us to explore a user-centric (Quality of Experience or QoE-based) approach as a step towards the human-centric paradigm of system design. We research an affect-based QoE evaluation framework which attempts to capture users' perception while they are engaged in voice communication. Our modular approach consists of feature extraction from multiple information sources including various affective cues and different classification procedures such as Support Vector Machines (SVM) and k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN). The experimental study is illustrated in depth with detailed analysis of results. The evidences collected provide the potential feasibility of our approach for QoE evaluation and suggest the consideration of human affective attributes in modeling user experience.
Beyond Capabilities: A Case Study of Three Artisan Enterprises in India:

Textiles are part of the handcrafts industry that employs a substantial percentage of India's population. Despite the economic importance of handcrafts, not all decision-making officials support the sector's development. Arguments against government and foundation for developing artisan enterprises point to the stopgap nature of craft production and question whether artisan enterprises foster skills that can lead to new entrepreneurial endeavors. Arguments for artisan development propose models that emphasize capabilities artisans can develop to improve their well-being. Among these, a model developed by economist Amartya Sen distinguishes capability acquisition from entrepreneurial application. In this research, the authors conducted a case study of three artisan entrepreneurs that appeared to demonstrate this distinction. Individuals acquired textile production and business management capabilities while working for a parent fair trade enterprise and applied their skills in forming entrepreneurial ventur...
The folded dipole: A self‐balancing antenna

The folded dipole is known to have a fourfold increase in input impedance over that of a dipole. However, the half-wavelength folded dipole also maintains a balanced radiation pattern when fed with an unbalanced transmission line. A numerical and experimental investigation of the folded dipole performance is reported in this paper. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 155–160, 2001.