cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disease-related pregnancy concerns and reproductive planning in women with inflammatory bowel diseases

Background Women with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) endorse disease-related pregnancy concerns that influence parity. Improvements in IBD management have potentially altered reproductive planning. Additionally, the proportion of American women who choose not to have children is increasing. Aim To explore the effect of disease-related pregnancy concerns on parity and reproductive planning in a subset of women with IBD. Design and setting Cross-sectional qualitative phone survey in an academic gastroenterology practice. Methods Questions included demographics, medical and reproductive history, future pregnancy plans, and if IBD affected pregnancy decision-making. Qualitative data were coded and frequencies and proportions calculated. Results The 129 female participants (31% response rate) were predominately white (85%), had at least some college education (97%) and a mean age of 34.3 years [standard deviation 6.2]. Some 60% had Crohn9s disease and 30% had undergone IBD-related surgery. Half were nulliparae, 53% reported IBD-related pregnancy concerns and 57% desired future pregnancy. Women who desired a future pregnancy and had IBD-related concerns had higher parity than those without concerns ( p =0.02). Women desiring a future pregnancy and those with Crohn9s disease had increased IBD-related concerns. Only four (3.1%) women identified IBD-related concerns that led to a smaller family size than desired. Conclusions IBD-related concerns appear to be less likely to affect a woman9s planned family size than previously reported. Concern about adverse pregnancy outcomes is more common in women with Crohn9s disease and those desiring future pregnancy, suggesting a need for targeted counselling to moderate risk perception.
What's Kosher to You, is Not Kosher to Me

Case note discussion on marketing and advertising law involving Commack Self-Service Kosher Meats, Inc., v. Weiss, 294 F.3d 415 (2d Cir. 2002).
Kidney as a source of blood ammonia: effect of chlorothiazide.

SummaryThe effect of intravenous chlorothiazide on arterial ammonia concentration and release of ammonia into renal vein was studied in 7 patients with Laennec's cirrhosis. Rapid and significant increases in quantity of ammonia released into the renal vein were observed along with progressive rise in arterial ammonia concentration. The data demonstrate the kidney's importance in the pathogenesis of hyperammonemia which follows intravenous chlorothiazide.
The Use of Computing Clusters and Automatic Code Generation to Speed Up Simulation Tasks

This paper studies a number of different techniques that can be used to reduce the amount of time needed to run block diagram simulations. The first is automatic code generation techniques used to create simulation exe cutables from graphical block diagram models. A number of alternative techniques are studied, highlighting increases in simulation speed that can be achieved at the expense of intera ctivity with the graphical model. This paper will discuss at which stages of modeling and simulation code generation should be considered. The second technique that is studied is the use of computing clusters to distribute a number of simulation runs across a number of processors. With the advent of the multicore processor this technique has become a ccessible to many more engineers than in the past.
Current status and prospect of automatic control system for tandem cold mill

Complete set control system for tandem cold mill is a comprehensive technology with strong systemic,great technical difficulty and high precision requirements.The integrated automation control system is the core for the tandem cold rolling,and it is the most effective control method to ensure the product quality and production efficiency of cold rolled strip.In this paper,the automation technology development of tandem cold mill at home and abroad is introduced,and the composition and functions of basic and process automation control system are analyzed.At last,future prospects and investigations required to improve the automation system performance are also involved.
Re-recognition to the GM EMD 710 Two-cycle Diesel Engine

Chinese Railway had used the two-cycle diesel engine powered locomotives introduced from Russia decades ago and got very bad impression to the two-cycle engine technology.As a matter of fact,the concept or idea of the two-cycle diesel engine is not bad.With the continuous design improvement and evolution,the comprehensive performances of the GM EMD 710 two-cycle diesel engine are as good as the four-cycle diesel engine.This paper will give you a detail description of the GM EMD 710 two-cycle diesel engine.
Repentance in Chinese Buddhism: Implications for Mental Health Professionals

ABSTRACTRepentance in Chinese Buddhism is a common practice for monastics and lay practitioners to repent for transgressions and commit to corrective actions guided by Buddhism. Regardless of the significance and prevalence of repentance, little is known about its psychological effects and implications for counseling. In response to the American Psychological Association’s guidelines to respect clients’ cultural practices, this article addresses the research gap by elucidating the practices and implications of repentance, the psychological significance, and implications for mental health professionals to consider and apply repentance in counseling. A hypothetical case example was used to illustrate the pragmatic application of repentance.
EBUS-TBNA Bronchoscopy

Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is an evolving technology that has been used successfully to visualize structures adjacent to central airways that cannot be seen during bronchoscopy. EBUS-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has been shown to be a well tolerated, minimally invasive, cost-effective, and accurate procedure in the sampling of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. Its major indications include diagnosis and staging of lung cancer, restaging after chemotherapy and/or radiation, diagnosis of metastasis from extrathoracic malignancy, diagnosis of sarcoidosis, tubercular mediastinal lymphadenitis, and other etiologies of mediastinal lymphadenopathy. In this chapter we discuss the technique, specimen handling, anesthesia issues, and diagnostic yield of EBUS-TBNA in various disease processes and compare its diagnostic yield with other methods of sampling lymph nodes. Complications and limitations of EBUS-TBNA are also discussed.
The relationship between sleep quality and perceived fatigue measured using the Neurological Fatigue Index in people with Multiple Sclerosis

Objectives: The Neurological Fatigue Index (NFI-MS) is the only known perceived fatigue scale to include questions that consider the contribution of sleep quality to symptoms of fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the relationship between the NFI-MS and sleep quality measures is unknown. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the NFI-MS and self-reported and objective sleep quality. Understanding the relationship between perceived fatigue and sleep quality measures could encourage a wider use of the NFI-MS in research and clinical settings.Methods: Fifty-one participants took part in this cross-sectional study (mean age: 47 ± 10.1 years old). Participants completed the NFI-MS to assess perceived fatigue, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to asses sleep quality, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale to assess daytime sleepiness. The participants wore an actigraph device one week on the dominant wrist to objectively quantify sleep quality.Results: Higher perceived fatigue is s...
Experimental Investigations of a Precision Sensor for an Automatic Weapons Stabilizer System.

This paper presents the results of experimental investigations of a precision sensor for an automatic weapons stabilizer system. It also describes the experimental equipment used and the structure of the developed sensor. A weapons stabilizer is designed for automatic guidance of an armament unit in the horizontal and vertical planes when firing at ground and air targets that are quickly maneuvering, and at lower speeds when firing anti-tank missiles, as well as the bypass of construction elements by the armament unit, and the automatic tracking of moving targets when interacting with a fire control system. The results of experimental investigations have shown that the error of the precision sensor developed on the basis of a piezoelectric element is 6 × 10−10 m/s2 under quasi-static conditions, and ~10−5 m/s2 for mobile use. This paper defines metrological and calibration properties of the developed sensor.
Targeting osteosarcoma

Small-molecule targeted therapies have significantly improved the treatment landscape for many cancers. When a patient’s tumor expresses the protein kinase BCR-ABL or the protein kinase BRAFV600E, or overexpresses the androgen receptor, we now know what to do: treat with the corresponding small molecule that targets the driver oncogene. However, in a so-called “orphan cancer” such as osteosarcoma (OS) with no known driver oncogenes, finding an effective targeted therapy is a tall order. In PNAS, Perry et al. (1) undertook this challenge by starting with state-of-the-art gene sequencing, following up with comparison to an OS mouse model, proceeding to uncover therapeutically tractable targets with a genome-wide reverse genetic screen, and finally validating the genetic hits with small-molecule drugs currently in clinical trials for various cancers. Perry et al.’s multifaceted approach identified the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/mTOR) pathway as a potential new OS treatment target (1).
Enhancing Title IX Due Process Standards in Campus Sexual Assault Adjudication: Considering the Roles of Distributive, Procedural, and Restorative Justice

ABSTRACTTitle IX prohibits sex discrimination—including sexual assault—in higher education. The Department of Education Office for Civil Rights’ 2011 “Dear Colleague Letter” outlines recommendations for campus sexual assault adjudication allowing a variety of procedures that fail to protect accused students’ due process rights and victims’ rights under Title IX. This article reviews two diminished due process rights in campus adjudication: cross-examination and the preponderance of the evidence standard. We use an organizational justice theoretical framework to show that limitations on due process rights reduce fair outcomes for both victims and the accused. We provide recommendations for a restorative justice approach to campus adjudication that operates within this theoretical framework to increase fair outcomes in adjudication, bolster perceptions of adjudicatory system legitimacy, and reduce campus sexual assault.
Organometallic chemistry: C-H activation.

The stability of the chemical bonds in saturated hydrocarbons makes them generally unreactive. But the invention of processes in which carbon–hydrogen (C–H) bonds in hydrocarbons can be activated is allowing chemists to exploit organic compounds in previously unimaginable ways. The ubiquitous carbon-hydrogen bond is stubbornly inactive. This means, for instance, that natural gas is still regarded primarily as a fuel, though to chemists it is a vast low-cost feedstock of hydrocarbons just waiting to be exploited. The past 30 years have seen great strides towards the goal of activating C-H bonds, mainly using 'organometallic' catalysts that work by forming transient bonds between carbon and a metal. In a Q&A feature, Robert Bergman explains the current state of play in this field, which has the potential to one day revolutionize the petrochemicals and organic synthesis industries.
Restoring mitochondrial calcium uniporter expression in diabetic mouse heart improves mitochondrial calcium handling and cardiac function

Diabetes mellitus is a growing health care problem, resulting in significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Diabetes also increases the risk for heart failure (HF) and decreased cardiac myocyte function, which are linked to changes in cardiac mitochondrial energy metabolism. The free mitochondrial calcium level ([Ca2+]m) is fundamental in activating the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and ATP production and is also known to regulate pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) activity. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex (MCUC) plays a major role in mediating mitochondrial Ca2+ import, and its expression and function therefore have a marked impact on cardiac myocyte metabolism and function. Here, we investigated MCU's role in mitochondrial Ca2+ handling, mitochondrial function, glucose oxidation, and cardiac function in the heart of diabetic mice. We found that diabetic mouse hearts exhibit altered expression of MCU and MCUC members and a resulting decrease in [Ca2+]m, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, mitochondrial energetic function, and cardiac function. Adeno-associated virus-based normalization of MCU levels in these hearts restored mitochondrial Ca2+ handling, reduced PDC phosphorylation levels, and increased PDC activity. These changes were associated with cardiac metabolic reprogramming toward normal physiological glucose oxidation. This reprogramming likely contributed to the restoration of both cardiac myocyte and heart function to nondiabetic levels without any observed detrimental effects. These findings support the hypothesis that abnormal mitochondrial Ca2+ handling and its negative consequences can be ameliorated in diabetes by restoring MCU levels via adeno-associated virus–based MCU transgene expression.
Spanish as a Second Language for Elementary Students: A Study of Participation on Literacy Benchmark Scores.

Student achievement in literacy and mathematics for students involved in a Spanish language program at a large and diverse school district in Arkansas, were compared to peers’ scores who did not participate in the program. The program was implemented to enroll native English speaking students in a Spanish enrichment program (SEP) with the intent of improving their literacy Benchmark scores. The study used t-tests to examine the differences in participants and non-participants and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare the differences in scores based on years of participation in the program. Students participating in the SEP consistently had higher scores on the literacy portion of the state benchmark examination. Review of the results of a Spanish language assessment also supports that students improved in Spanish language content knowledge from fall assessment to spring assessment.
Effect of aging on the kinetics of blood-brain barrier uptake of tryptophan in rats.

Purpose. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of aging on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport of tryptophan.
Functional characterization of the uracil transporter from honeybee pathogen Paenibacillus larvae.

Abstract The genome of the Honeybee bacterial pathogen, Paenibacillus larvae, encodes for protein a with substantial amino acid sequence similarity to the canonical Escherichia coli uracil transporter UraA. P. larvae expresses the uracil permease (PlUP) locus, and is sensitive to the presence of the toxic uracil analog 5-fluorouracil under vegetative growth conditions. The solute transport and binding profile of PlUP was determined by radiolabeled uptake experiments via heterologous expression in nucleobase transporter-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. PlUP is specific for the transport of uracil and competitively binds xanthine and uric acid. Further biochemical characterization reveals that PlUP has a strong affinity for uracil with a Km 19.5 ± 1.6 μM. Uracil transport is diminished in the presence of the proton disruptor carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, but not by the sodium gradient disruptor Ouabain.
Aerothermoelastic experimental design for the AEDC/VKF Tunnel C: Challenges associated with measuring the response of flexible panels in high-temperature, high-speed wind tunnels

Abstract There is a lack of carefully-crafted aerothermoelastic experimental data that can be used for validation purposes. To address this need, the Air Force Research Laboratory Structural Sciences Center is currently planning an experiment in the Arnold Engineering Development Center von Karman Facility Tunnel C to examine the aerothermoelastic response of flexible models that are representative of high-speed aircraft outer mold line panels. The test will utilize an infrared camera and the stereo digital image correlation technique to provide simultaneous, full-field measurements of the surface temperature and panel motion. This paper provides an overview of the proposed experiment and addresses challenges relevant to aerothermoelastic testing in high-temperature, high-speed wind tunnels.
Understanding Greek Tragic Theatre

Understanding Greek Tragic Theatre, a revised edition of Greek Tragic Theatre (1992), is intended for those interested in how Greek tragedy works. By analysing the way the plays were performed in fifth-century Athens, Rush Rehm encourages classicists, actors, and directors to approach Greek tragedy by considering its original context. Emphasizing the political nature of tragedy as a theatre of, by, and for the polis, Rehm characterizes Athens as a performance culture, one in which the theatre stood alongside other public forums as a place to confront matters of import and moment. In treating the various social, religious and practical aspects of tragic production, he shows how these elements promoted a vision of the theatre as integral to the life of the city – a theatre whose focus was on the audience. The second half of the book examines four exemplary plays, Aeschylus’ Oresteia trilogy, Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus, and Euripides’ Suppliant Women and Ion. Without ignoring the scholarly tradition, Rehm focuses on how each tragedy unfolds in performance, generating different relationships between the characters (and chorus) on stage and the audience in the theatre.
Multimodal noninvasive prediction of pulmonary hypertension in IPF.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Pulmonary hypertension (PH) complicating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is challenging to diagnose given inaccuracy of transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) measurements. However, it has significant prognostic implications and is therefore important to accurately identify. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients with IPF who underwent RHC as part of their evaluation. A variety of commonly available noninvasive variables were evaluated for their ability to predict pulmonary arterial pressure in a linear regression model, including the traditionally used right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) estimated from TTE. RESULTS There were 105 eligible patients identified from January 2006 to July 2016. The average age was 62.7 ± 7.7 years, 35 had RHC proven PH and 43% ultimately underwent lung transplantation. A linear model including three terms: RVSP (ANOVA P < .01), the ratio of FVC/DLCO from PFTs (P = .05) and pulmonary artery to aorta diameter ratio from CT (P < .01) was found to predict the mean pulmonary artery pressure more reliably than RVSP alone (R2 .39 vs .29, P < .05), with a lower rate of incorrect classification of PH status in these individuals (27.6 vs 35.2%, P = .05) and high negative predictive value (87.2%). CONCLUSION If used in conjunction with RVSP from TTE, parameters from PFTs and the CT scan more accurately predict the presence or absence of PH than any of the variables in isolation. Using these in concert may allow greater discrimination in deciding which patients to subject to diagnostic right heart catheterization.
Art and the Transit Experience

Art and the Transit Experience Cynthia Abramson As more and more cities build or modify their tran- sit systems, interest has grown in art-in-transit pro- grams, which generally commission works of art for or engage artists in the design of transit systems. Supporters of these programs believe that they can integrate creative values into such places ... where thousands of people circulate and encounter each other every day — thereby improving these envi- ronments for users and enticing riders back to pub- lic transportation.' Transit art projects have been both decorative and functional. While they can contribute to the cultural life and profile of a city, they also can help shape the experience people have of using a transit (Above) Jean-Paul I j r n, \ . i p m r r i i11 t - r j s s e t s system as they move through a city. The art projects featured here respond to the Aumale Station recalls the neighborhood that w a s d e m o l i s h e d when the s u b w a y w a s built. Abbesses ( C e n t e r ) H e c t o r Guimard's canopy for the special nature of traveling through a city on public transit. They celebrate acts of arriving and depart- ing, times when we move not only between differ- ent places but also different states of mind. They mediate between local communities and the region to which the transit system connects them, helping passengers understand their place within the region and revealing and strengthening the identity of local communities. And they increase passengers' feelings of safety, comfort and orientation in sys- tems that are often unfamiliar and disorienting. S t a t i o n , P a r i s . P h o t o by C y n t h i a Abramson. with the sta- (Right) London's C h a r r i n g Cross Road Station, R i c h a r d D r a g o n ' s r e p r o d u c t i o n s of p a i n t i n g s f r o m National G a l l e r y a n d P o r t r a i t Gallery, w h i c h the t i o n s e r v e s . Photo by C y n t h i a Abramson. Placemaking Landmarks and gateways can help create a sense o f place in a city, both for residents and visitors. The ability of transit sta- tions to function as both is illustrated by the art nouveau glass and wrought ironentrances French architect Hector Guimard created for more than 200 Paris Metro entrances between 1900 and 1913. Their stylish design dignifies and elevates the act o f traveling by Metro. Guimard's shelters have become synony- mous with the Metro and with the city of Paris itself and serve as local landmarks in the neighborhoods where they still stand. Additional research by Todd W. Bressi, Hanan A. Kivett and Jill Slater. Contemporary artists have created thematic artworks and designed system elements that help establish connections P L A C E S
An Assessment of Nobel Laureate Robert Shiller’s Assessment of J M Keynes’s a Treatise on Probability and Its Connection to the General Theory: Correct in General, but Incorrect on Specifics

Probability (1921), as well as its connections to the later General Theory (1936), that is correct. However, practically all of the specifics listed by Shiller, used to support his generally correct conclusions, involve either errors of omission or commission. Shiller’s assessment is based on either a sound reading of Part I of the A Treatise on Probability (1921) alone or the literature on the A Treatise on Probability that has been written by economists since the late 1970’s dealing with Part I of the A Treatise on Probability (1921), but which overlooks the remaining four Parts of the A Treatise on Probability, especially Parts II and V. An additional source that is generally overlooked by economists is the 1936-37-1938 correspondence between Hugh Townshend and J M Keynes. Only Townshend grasped the fundamental importance of chapter 20 of the General Theory, as well as the importance of Keynes’s “non-numerical” (interval valued) probabilities and Keynes’s concept of the weight of the evidence as being the main foundation upon which Keynes had erected his Liquidity Preference Theory of the rate of interest.
Finite element analysis of the SiC/SiC composite clad deformation in the presence of spacer grids

Abstract The deformation of a two-layer SiC clad in the context of pressurized water reactor fuel assembly has been analyzed in the present work. Firstly, azimuthal temperature difference that can lead to clad bowing has been estimated using a plane strain model in BISON. Then a 3D finite element analysis model has been set up in ABAQUS to investigate a full-length clad bowing as well as its mechanical interaction with multiple spacer grids (SGs). The analysis assumes metal (Zircaloy or Inconel 718) as the SG spring material to accommodate SiC clad deformation. The prediction of the mechanical response for the simplified grid-to-rod system due to grid spring pre-load, SiC swelling, clad bowing and grid spring creep has been performed. The results indicate that the considered SGs will play an important role in limiting the fuel rod bowing for SiC/SiC composite clad during normal operation.
Description of Erysipelothrix piscisicarius sp. nov., an emergent fish pathogen, and assessment of virulence using a tiger barb ( Puntigrus tetrazona) infection model

A recently described emergent disease of ornamental fish has been associated with an Erysipelothrix species positive for the surface protective antigen (spa) C gene. Whole genome sequencing was performed on five spaC Erysipelothrix isolates from diseased ornamental fish. In addition, these spaC Erysipelothrix isolates were compared to spaA-, spaB- and other spaC-positive Erysipelothrix species isolated from terrestrial and marine mammals, birds and fish using multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA). The genomes of fish pathogenic spaC isolates were genetically distinct from Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae , sharing 86.61–86.94 % average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values of 31.6–32.2 %, but 99.01–99.11 % ANI and 90.8–91.9 % dDDH values with the uncharacterized spaC-positive Erysipelothrix sp. strain 2 isolated from swine. The findings indicate the spaC-positive fish and swine isolates are conspecific and represent a previously unrecognized taxon. While phylogenies inferred from MLSA sequences confirm this conclusion, slight genetic differences between the spaC fish isolates and swine strain 2 were indicated. Bath immersion challenge trials were conducted using tiger barbs (Puntigrus tetrazona) exposed by immersion to 107 c.f.u. ml−1 of three fish pathogenic spaC Erysipelothrix species, and three spaA and two spaB E. rhusiopathiae isolates as a model of infection. Thirty days post-challenge, cumulative mean percentage survival was 37 % for the spaA, 100 % for the spaB and 13 % for the spaC isolates, revealing differences in virulence among the various spa genotypes in fish. Genetic findings and observed differences in virulence demonstrate the fish pathogenic spaC isolates represent a novel species, for which the name Erysipelothrix piscisicarius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is E. piscisicarius 15TAL0474T (=NRRL B-65533T=ATCC-TSD-175T=DSM 110099T).
Why We Are Still Talking About Leaving

In this chapter, we discuss the scholarly debate about the nature and consequences of losses from STEM majors. We also offer a summary of findings from the original study, Talking about Leaving: Why Undergraduates Leave the Sciences (Seymour & Hewitt, Talking about leaving: Why undergraduates leave the sciences, Boulder, CO: Westview Press; 1997), which are revisited in findings from the present study throughout this book. The original work was designed to discover, and establish the relative importance of factors contributing to high rates of switching from STEM to non-STEM majors; the current study explores what has and has not changed in the intervening years, what new variables have arisen, and how these contribute to losses from STEM majors. The digest of original findings allows comparison and contrast with findings from the present study. We also review research that has tested and augmented the original findings and explain what prompted the follow-up study. The purposes, design, and conduct of the new study are explained, and the chapter finishes with an overview of the book’s content and structure.
Localized corrosion at nm-scale hardening precipitates in Al-Cu-Li alloys

Abstract The localized corrosion of Li-containing nm hardening precipitates in the 3rd generation of Al-Cu-Li alloys was investigated based on a quasi in situ approach by sequentially exposing the material to NaCl solution and characterizing the structural, chemical, and electrochemical evolution at atomic scale using electron microscopy, spectroscopy, 3D tomography, electrochemical measurements, and DFT calculations. Localized corrosion of Al7.5Cu4Li (TB phase) initiated along {001} family of planes through the dealloying of Al and Li due to a low surface work function. Cu was enriched along the Cu (110) // TB (011) // Al (100) orientations on and around corroded TB precipitates. No strong galvanic interactions were observed at the TB and Al matrix interface due to the formation of a Li-C-O rich passivation layer during electrolyte exposure. Similarities and differences between TB and other common Al-Cu-Li precipitates (Al2CuLi, Al6CuLi3, and Al3Li) with respect to corrosion are discussed. The reported corrosion mechanism can assist in the assessment of the localized corrosion susceptibility of precipitation-hardened Al alloys and assist in the design of new alloys.
Ethical Reasoning and Moral Distress in Social Care Among Long-Term Care Staff.

There are studies on the normative ethical frameworks used by long-term care staff and studies proposing how staff should reason, but few studies explore how staff actually reason. This study reports on the ethical reasoning process and experiences of moral distress of long-term care staff in the provision of social care. Seven interdisciplinary focus groups were conducted with twenty front-line staff. Staff typically did not have difficulty determining the ethical decision and/or action; however, they frequently experience moral distress. To manage these experiences of moral distress in making ethical decisions, staff 1) comply with being told what to do out of fear of consequences, 2) defer decisions to family, 3) “have a meeting,” 4) socialization into and acceptance of workplace culture. Findings suggest that to better understand how and why staff make ethical decisions and improve quality and ethical care, we must explore the interaction between front-line practice and organizational and public policy.
Pareto-Weighted-Sum-Tuning: Learning-to-Rank for Pareto Optimization Problems

The weighted-sum method is a commonly used technique in Multi-objective optimization to represent different criteria considered in a decision-making and optimization problem. Weights are assigned to different criteria depending on the degree of importance. However, even if decision-makers have an intuitive sense of how important each criteria is, explicitly quantifying and hand-tuning these weights can be difficult. To address this problem, we propose the Pareto-Weighted-Sum-Tuning algorithm as an automated and systematic way of trading-off between different criteria in the weight-tuning process. Pareto-Weighted-Sum-Tuning is a configurable online-learning algorithm that uses sequential discrete choices by a decision-maker on sequential decisions, eliminating the need to score items or weights. We prove that utilizing our online-learning approach is computationally less expensive than batch-learning, where all the data is available in advance. Our experiments show that Pareto-Weighted-Sum-Tuning is able to achieve low relative error with different configurations.
A Model of Inter-organizational Network Formation

How do inter-organizational networks emerge? Accounting for interdependence among ties while studying tie formation is one of the key challenges in this area of research. We address this challenge using an equilibrium framework where firms' decisions to form links with other firms are modeled as a strategic game. In this game, firms weigh the costs and benefits of establishing a relationship with other firms and form ties if their net payoffs are positive. We characterize the equilibrium networks as exponential random graphs (ERGM), and we estimate the firms' payoffs using a Bayesian approach. To demonstrate the usefulness of our approach, we apply the framework to a co-investment network of venture capital firms in the medical device industry. The equilibrium framework allows researchers to draw economic interpretation from parameter estimates of the ERGM Model. We learn that firms rely on their joint partners (transitivity) and prefer to form ties with firms similar to themselves (homophily). These results hold after controlling for the interdependence among ties. Another, critical advantage of a structural approach is that it allows us to simulate the effects of economic shocks or policy counterfactuals. We test two such policy shocks, namely, firm entry and regulatory change. We show how new firms' entry or a regulatory shock of minimum capital requirements increase the co-investment network's density and clustering.
Interlude: An Excursion into the Number Concept

To appreciate Cantor’s revolutionary ideas about the infinite, we must first make a brief excursion into the history of the number concept. The simplest type of numbers are, of course, the counting numbers 1, 2, 3,…. Mathematicians prefer to call them the natural numbers, or again the positive integers. Simple though they are, these numbers have been the subject of research and speculation since the dawn of recorded history, and many civilizations have assigned to them various mystical properties. An important branch of modern mathematics, number theory, deals exclusively with the natural numbers, and some of the most fundamental questions about them—for example, questions relating to the prime numbers—are without answer to this day. But without reservation, the single most important property of the natural numbers is this—there are infinitely many of them. The fact that there is no last counting number seems so obvious to us that we hardly bother to reflect upon its consequences. The entire system of calculations with numbers—our familiar rules of arithmetic—would have colapsed like a house of cards if there were a last number beyond which nothing else existed. Suppose for a moment that such a number did exist, say 1,000.
Nucleotide Sequence of a Ribonucleic Acid Transcribed in Vitro from λ Phage Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Among the RNA's transcribed from λ b2i21c DNA by a purified preparation of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase is a discrete 6 S species demonstrable by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or sucrose density gradient sedimentation. The nucleotide sequence of this RNA is pppApCpGpAp UpGpGpGpUpUpApApUpUpCpGpCpUpCpGpUpUpGpUpGp GpUpApGpUpGpApGpApUpGpApApApApGpApGpGpCpGp GpCpGpCpUp(Up,ApCp)UpApCpCpGpApCpGpUpApUpCpGp UpCpApCpUpUpCpGpApUpUpCpCpGpCpCpUpApGpUpUp GpGpUpCpUpGpGpApApCpUpCpApApCpCpCpApUpCpGp Cp ApGpGp(CpApGpCpGp)CpApGpApGpApGpGpUpCpUpGpCp ApApApApUpGpCpApApUpCpCpCpGpApApApCpApGpUpUp CpGpCpApGpGpUpApApUpApGpUpUpApGpApGpCpCpUpGp CpApUpApApCpGpGpUpUpUpCpGpGpGpApUpUpUpUpUp UpA. This sequence contains three ApUpGp triplets, one of which precedes and is separated by 41 triplets from the hexanucleotide UpApApUpApGp. The sequence permits formulation of extensive regions of base pairing between terminal and internal sequences.
Elevated vitreous concentration of monoclonal immunoglobulin manifesting as schlieren in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis-associated uveitis.

We report the clinical findings and analysis of the immunoglobulin (Ig) composition of the vitreous of a 10-year-old girl with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis–associated uveitis. The vitreous had a schlieren appearance at the time of pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy. Analysis of the vitreous fluid revealed marked elevation of IgG, IgM, IgA, and albumin levels relative to vitreous fluids from control patients without uveitis. The immunoglobulin coefficients were also elevated for the IgG and IgM classes of immunoglobulins. Immunofixation electrophoresis of the vitreous fluid revealed 2 distinct bands of restricted electrophoretic mobility. These studies suggest that there may be local (intraocular) production of immunoglobulins as an immunologic response in ocular inflammatory diseases such as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis–associated uveitis and that this immunologic response may be monoclonal (possibly biclonal or oligoclonal) in nature.
Evidence against the Folate-mediated Formylation of Formyl-accepting Methionyl Transfer Ribonucleic Acid in Streptococcus faecalis R

Abstract The formylation of formyl-accepting methionyl transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNAfmet) was investigated in Streptococcus faecalis R, an organism incapable of synthesizing folic acid but whose growth does not require the vitamin under defined conditions of culture. These studies were carried out because it was not clear how an organism with no folate could initiate protein biosynthesis. Growth of S. faecalis R on media free of folate but containing serine, methionine, thymine, adenine, and guanine was not affected by the presence of the folate antagonists, trimethoprim and aminopterin. However, growth of the organism on media lacking thymine and dependent upon the presence of either folic acid or 5-formyltetrahydrofolate was severely inhibited by the analogues. It was demonstrated that extracts prepared from S. faecalis R grown on a synthetic medium containing folic acid catalyzed the formylation of methionyl-tRNAfmet when either 10-formyltetrahydrofolate or formate was added as the source of the formyl group, whereas extracts prepared from cells of this organism grown on a medium free of folate but containing serine, methionine, thymine, adenine, and guanine catalyzed the formation of methionyl-tRNAfmet only when 10-formyltetrahydrofolate but not when formate was used as the source of the formyl group. Extracts of these folate-free cells catalyzed the formylation of methionyl-tRNAfmet by formate if tetrahydrofolate was added to the assay mixture. These results indicate that S. faecalis R grown in the absence of folate but in the presence of the supplements does not contain tetrahydrofolate and therefore formylated methionyl-tRNAfmet may not be involved in initiation of protein synthesis in S. faecalis R, or the formylmethionyl ester of tRNAfmet (fMet-tRNAfmet) may be formed by some as yet unknown enzyme system.
Post-Traumatic Movement Disorders: Effect of the Legal System on Outcome

Since patients with post-traumatic, neurologic, movement disorders often seek legal counsel and become involved in litigation, we used this group of disorders as a model for testing the hypothesis that an interaction with the legal system may influence its outcome. We reviewed 100 consecutive medical records of patients with post-traumatic movement disorders from the Movement Disorders Clinic at the Baylor College of Medicine. Additionally, 40 patients completed a detailed questionnaire and a health survey. Nineteen of the 40 respondents had obtained legal representation in regards to compensation for their medical problems. The group of patients with attorneys differed from those without legal representation in that they were significantly younger and a significantly higher percentage of these patients were disabled as compared to the group without attorneys. While most were dissatisfied with the legal system, 68% were satisfied with services provided by their attorneys. Although the patients with legal aspects of their movement disorders seemed to have more severe and persistent disability, we could not definitely conclude that the legal system had adversely affected the outcome of the post-traumatic movement disorders.
The relationship between self-rated health and dietary choices of African Americans (806.6)

This cross sectional study investigated the relationship between dietary patterns measured with Healthy Eating Index 2005 (HEI-05) and Self-Rated Health (SRH) in African Americans (AA) with (n=129) and without (n=120) type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recruitment was by community outreach in South Florida. Socio-demographic information and SRH were collected using questionnaires or self-report. Dietary variables were collected using the Willett’s food frequency questionnaire, and then HEI-05 scores were calculated. Reported SRH of individuals with T2D was lower (33.9%, p=.001) than SRH of those without T2D for excellent/very good category. HEI-05 scores between T2D (41.10±11.62) and without T2D (44.01±13.54) groups were only marginally significant (p=.088). Linear regression model showed an association between SRH and HEI-05 (p=.038, B=-2.758) after controlling for covariates. ANCOVA analysis showed that after controlling for covariates the mean HEI-05 scores of “excellent/very good” SRH group (46.53 ± 1.81) were si...
Stridor and Gastroesophageal Reflux in Infants

A relation was found between persistent stridor and gastroesophageal reflux in seven infants, aged 6 weeks to 6 months. Stridor began at 11 days to 2 months of age, and four of the seven infants had transient hypercarbia on at least one occasion before study. Only one had a history of frequent vomiting; three had recurrent pneumonia. Midesophageal pH, chest and abdominal movement, exhaled carbon dioxide partial pressure, and heart rate of six of the infants were recorded for 4 to 12 hours as they slept. Esophageal pH of the seventh infant was recorded for 24 hours. In the six completely studied infants, there were persistent increases of greater than 10 mm Hg in exhaled carbon dioxide level (three infants), of greater than 10 breaths per minute in respiratory rate (four infants), and in retractions and stridor (six infants) 5 to 20 minutes after onset of reflux. Stridor improved with medical management in 48 hours (five of five infants) and disappeared in 3 weeks (three of five infants) to 2 months (one of five infants). One of these medically treated infants subsequently was treated by Nissen gastric fundoplication because of a recurrence of persistent and severe stridor. Three infants had antireflux surgery, and in two of these stridor disappeared in 48 hours. In the third infant stridor disappeared 3 weeks after surgery. Based on this experience, reflux occasionally causes stridor, probably because of acute inflammation of the upper airway. If structural anomalies are ruled out, infants with severe stridor should be examined for gastroesophageal reflux.
Analysis of Extended Surface Arrays for Air-Cooled Electronic Equipment

Previous work, by the author and others, pertaining to parameterizations for individual fins is reviewed. These are the thermal transmission matrices and ratios which were devised to facilitate the analysis of an assembly of individual fins in an array of extended surface. An elaboration of the validity of these parameters, particularly with regard to their superiority over the notion of fin efficiency or fin effectiveness is made. The concept of reciprocity is developed and the representation of an individual fin as a connection of just three simple resistances is developed. A procedure for the nodal analysis of finned arrays is developed via a matrix oriented approach.
Effects of prune consumption on the ratio of 2-hydroxyestrone to 16α-hydroxyestrone

BACKGROUND A higher urinary ratio of the biologically inactive estrogen metabolite, 2-hydroxyestrone (2OHE1), to the biologically active metabolite, 16alpha-hydroxyestrone (16alphaOHE1), may be associated with a lower risk of breast cancer. High fiber intake is also associated with decreased breast cancer risk. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of prunes, which are naturally rich in both soluble and insoluble fiber, on the concentrations of 2OHE1 and 16alphaOHE1 and on the ratio of 2OHE1 to 16alphaOHE1. DESIGN Nineteen healthy premenopausal women consumed their habitual diets for 3 menstrual cycles and then consumed 100 g prunes/d for the next 3 cycles. Concentrations of urinary 2OHE1 and 16alphaOHE1 were determined during the follicular and luteal phases. RESULTS Prune supplementation increased total and soluble fiber intakes by 4 and 2 g/d, respectively (P < 0.001). Mean (+/- SEM) luteal 2OHE1 excretion decreased from 3.92 +/- 0.79 to 2.20 +/- 0.40 nmol/mmol creatinine during the third cycle (P = 0.017). Luteal 16alphaOHE1 excretion decreased from 1.38 +/- 0.24 to 0.87 +/- 0.10 and 0.87 +/- 0.15 nmol/mmol creatinine during the first and third cycles, respectively (P = 0.018 for both values). Follicular 16alphaOHE1 excretion decreased significantly only during the first cycle (from 0.82 +/- 0.12 to 0.45 +/- 0.09 nmol/mmol creatinine; P = 0.005). The 2OHE1-16alphaOHE1 ratio did not change significantly after prune supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Prune supplementation significantly decreased the excretion of 16alphaOHE1 during the follicular phase of the first menstrual cycle and during the luteal phases of both the first and third menstrual cycles. The 2OHE1-16alphaOHE1 ratio did not change significantly. The potential significance of the decrease in 16alphaOHE1 excretion, without a change in the 2OHE1-16alphaOHE1 ratio, on the prevention of estrogen-dependent cancers remains to be determined.
Exclusive developmental functions of gatae cis-regulatory modules in the Strongylocentrorus purpuratus embryo

The gatae gene of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus is orthologous to vertebrate gata-4,5,6 genes. This gene is expressed in the endomesoderm in the blastula and later the gut of the embryo, and is required for normal development. A gatae BAC containing a GFP reporter knocked into exon one of the gene was able to reproduce all aspects of endogenous gatae expression in the embryo. To identify putative gatae cis-regulatory modules we carried out an interspecific sequence conservation analysis with respect to a Lytechinus variegatus gatae BAC, which revealed 25 conserved non-coding sequence patches. These were individually tested in gene transfer experiments, and two modules capable of driving localized reporter expression in the embryo were identified. Module 10 produces early expression in mesoderm and endoderm cells up to the early gastrula stage, while module 24 generates late endodermal expression at gastrula and pluteus stages. Module 10 was then deleted from the gatae BAC by reciprocal recombination, resulting in total loss of reporter expression in the time frame in which it is normally active. Similar deletion of module 24 led to ubiquitous GFP expression in the gastrula and pluteus. These results show that Module 10 is uniquely necessary and sufficient to account for the early phase of gatae expression during endomesoderm specification. In addition, they imply a functional cis-regulatory module exclusion, whereby only a single module can associate with the basal promoter and drive gene expression at any given time.
Effect of Heat Drying of Corn on the Extraction of Citrinin

Experiments were conducted to determine if drying citrinin-contaminated corn at varying temperatures and times either bound citrinin or converted it to a derivative that could not be extracted from the grain. Sterilized whole corn was inoculated with spores of a Penicillium spp. that produces citrinin and was incubated for 8 weeks. Following incubation, the corn was mixed and divided into three portions. In Experiment 1, one portion was dried at room temperature and the other portions were dried at 65 C for either 40 or 72 hr. In Experiment 2, one portion was air-dried and the other portions were dried at 60 C for 24 hr or 100 C for 3 hr. The corn was then ground to a texture suitable for feeding to chicks. Analysis of the corn indicated that temperature or length of drying time had no adverse effects on the extraction of citrinin from the corn. The citrinin was not rendered unextractable by either being bound because of heating or by being converted to a derivative. When fed to chicks for 5 hr, water consumption and urine excretion data indicated that there was no loss of citrinin activity because of method of drying.