cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thwarted Belongingness in Relation to Face-to-Face and Online Interactions.

Suicide is ranked as the tenth leading cause of death for all ages in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Joiner's (2005) interpersonal theory of suicide stated thwarted belongingness—the feeling of being alienated from others—and perceived burdensomeness—the feeling of being a liability to others—are the primary proximal factors leading to suicidal desire. The current study focused on thwarted belongingness and examined its relationship to face-to-face interactions and online interactions in both an undergraduate and community sample. We hypothesized that negative face-to-face and online interactions would be independently associated with higher levels of thwarted belongingness. Furthermore, we hypothesized that face-to-face interactions would moderate the relationship between online interactions and thwarted belongingness and that online interactions would moderate the relationship between face-to-face interactions and thwarted belongingness. Three hundred eighty-seven participants (79.6% female) at a southern university and 209 (62.7% male) participants recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk website completed an online survey. Results only partially supported hypotheses, with only face-to-face interactions shown to be independently related to higher levels of thwarted belongingness. These findings indicated that negative face-to-face interactions may contribute to higher levels of risk factors for suicide ideation and highlighted the importance of assessing for negative interactions across all contexts.
Search for a direct large-cluster-transfer process in the 12,13C(20Ne, alpha ) reaction.

The /sup 12,13/C(/sup 20/Ne,..cap alpha..) reactions were measured at E = 140.2 MeV in order to search for a direct /sup 16/O-cluster-transfer process. In the reaction with the /sup 12/C target, prominent broad peaks were observed, while the spectrum with the /sup 13/C target shows a smooth continuum with much smaller structures in the high excitation region. Kinematics of the structures in the /sup 12/C(/sup 20/Ne,..cap alpha..) reaction demonstrates that most of them do not arise from a large cluster transfer, but rather they originate from a sequential ejectile decay.
Field efficacy of fungicides for management of sheath blight and narrow brown leaf spot of rice

Abstract Sheath blight (caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA) and narrow brown leaf spot (NBLS, caused by Cercospora janseana) are among the most important diseases affecting rice production in Texas and in other regions in the southern United States. Strobilurin fungicides have been used extensively to manage these two diseases, especially sheath blight. Unfortunately, heavy reliance on use of fungicides with a single mode of action has induced the development of the strobilurin-resistant isolates of R. solani AG-1 IA in the U.S. NBLS, once considered a minor disease in the U.S, is growing in its occurrence and severity, while little scientific information is available on NBLS management. This created an urgent need for identifying other effective fungicides with different modes of action. A 6-year field study was conducted on rice to evaluate the efficacy of newly registered and unregistered fungicides in comparison to common fungicides for management of sheath blight and NBLS diseases. Single applications of the fungicides containing azoxystrobin, propiconazole, azoxystrobin plus propiconazole, trifloxystrobin plus propiconazole, fluxapyroxad, pyraclostrobin, flutolanil and antibiotics (validamycin and kasugamcyin) were made at the late booting stage. Sheath blight and NBLS severities were rated prior to harvest. All the fungicide treatments were effective in reducing sheath blight severity compared to the untreated control in each year. Propiconazole and fluxapyroxad were more effective in reducing NBLS than other fungicides. Along with reduced sheath blight and NBLS severities, fungicide-treated plots had higher yields than untreated plots.
The effects of incubation temperature and experimental design on heart rates of lizard embryos

Many studies of phenotypic plasticity alter environmental conditions during embryonic development, yet only measure phenotypes at the neonatal stage (after embryonic development). However, measuring aspects of embryo physiology enhances our understanding of how environmental factors immediately affect embryos, which aids our understanding of developmental plasticity. While current research on reptile developmental plasticity has demonstrated that fluctuating incubation temperatures affect development differently than constant temperatures, most research on embryo physiology is still performed with constant temperature experiments. In this study, we noninvasively measured embryonic heart rates of the brown anole (Anolis sagrei), across ecologically relevant fluctuating temperatures. We incubated eggs under temperatures measured from potential nests in the field and examined how heart rates change through a diel cycle and throughout embryonic development. We also evaluated how experimental design (e.g., repeated vs. single measures designs, constant vs. fluctuating temperatures) and different protocols (e.g., removing eggs from incubators) might influence heart rate. We found that heart rates were correlated with daily temperature and increased through development. Our findings suggest that experimenters have reasonable flexibility in choosing an experimental design to address their questions; however, some aspects of design and protocol can potentially influence estimations of heart rates. Overall, we present the first ecologically relevant measures of anole embryonic heart rates and provide recommendations for experimental designs for future experiments.
Atypical Brainstem Hemorrhage Clinical Presentation and Managed by Outpatient Clinic Follow-Up (P1.209)

Objective: We present a case of Superior Colliculi hemorrhage that was incidentally discover on head CT scan with the only presenting symptom of left hemi-body paresthesia Background: Brainstem hemorrhages, especially at the level of the Superior Colliculi is rare in itself but can lead to obstructive hydrocephalus and can be discovered after the patient is found unresponsive. We report a 43 year old gentleman who’s only presenting symptom to his primary care provider was left body, mainly facial paresthesia, mild left facial droop and hyperacusis. The only risk factor in this case was, Tobacco use. Methods: CT brain was initially performed followed by an MRI brain and serial CT completed 2 weeks apart for a total of 3 head CT. Clinic follow up was done 3 days later then weekly for one month. Results: CT head showed 5mm Hyperdensity of right Superior Colliculus. MRI confirmed right T1 and T2 hyperintense focus in the right superior colliculus 6.5mm AP, approximately 9.4 ml. Repeat CT head 6 days later showed 1.4 CM Hyperdensity of right Superior Colliculus. In terms of follow up, his left facial paresthesia remained, but has not developed any focal deficits and is able to continue with his activities of daily living and did not require hospitalization. Conclusions: This is the second case reported in the literature of a pure superior colliculus hemorrhage and the only case reported that did not have any ocular paresis but had left body paresthesia. Typically pure paresthesia is associated with thalamic lesions. This is an atypical presentation for a very rare form of brainstem hemorrhage. With close clinic follow and education it was possible to manage this neurological emergency in a remote Pacific location. The views expressed here are not that of the U.S Navy or Government. Disclosure: Dr. Hack has nothing to disclose.
Fused filament fabrication of fiber-reinforced polymers: A review

Abstract Recent advancements in the Additive Manufacturing (AM) Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) approach are described with focus on the application to tooling and molds for composite materials and structures. A detailed summary of mechanical properties of printed parts for different composite material systems is presented and discussed. These material systems are comprised of discontinuous fiber-reinforced polymers characterized by fiber orientation dominantly parallel to the direction of the extrudate. An overview of the FFF process and its physical phenomena is given including the flow and resulting fiber orientation, the bond formation between adjacent beads and the thermomechanical solidification behavior of the deposited material. Based on reviewed research in these different phenomena, future research needs are discussed and desirable objectives are formulated.
Acute loss of iron–sulfur clusters results in metabolic reprogramming and generation of lipid droplets in mammalian cells

Iron–sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are ancient cofactors in cells and participate in diverse biochemical functions, including electron transfer and enzymatic catalysis. Although cell lines derived from individuals carrying mutations in the Fe-S cluster biogenesis pathway or siRNA-mediated knockdown of the Fe-S assembly components provide excellent models for investigating Fe-S cluster formation in mammalian cells, these experimental strategies focus on the consequences of prolonged impairment of Fe-S assembly. Here, we constructed and expressed dominant–negative variants of the primary Fe-S biogenesis scaffold protein iron–sulfur cluster assembly enzyme 2 (ISCU2) in human HEK293 cells. This approach enabled us to study the early metabolic reprogramming associated with loss of Fe-S–containing proteins in several major cellular compartments. Using multiple metabolomics platforms, we observed a ∼12-fold increase in intracellular citrate content in Fe-S–deficient cells, a surge that was due to loss of aconitase activity. The excess citrate was generated from glucose-derived acetyl-CoA, and global analysis of cellular lipids revealed that fatty acid biosynthesis increased markedly relative to cellular proliferation rates in Fe-S–deficient cells. We also observed intracellular lipid droplet accumulation in both acutely Fe-S–deficient cells and iron-starved cells. We conclude that deficient Fe-S biogenesis and acute iron deficiency rapidly increase cellular citrate concentrations, leading to fatty acid synthesis and cytosolic lipid droplet formation. Our findings uncover a potential cause of cellular steatosis in nonadipose tissues.
Nonlinear Resonance and Resonance Overlapping

Higher-order components in the magnetic field in a ring introduce nonlinear terms into the Hamiltonian and generate nonlinear resonances. This can lead to complicated motion for particles with large amplitudes of betatron oscillations. We derive the resonant structure in the phase space due to a sextupole magnet when the fractional part of the tune is close to \(\pm \frac{1}{3}\). For a Hamiltonian system with many resonances, they can interact with each other and lead to stochastic orbits in phase space. To understand this effect, we study a model called the standard map, that illustrates qualitative features of what can occur in a Hamiltonian system with many resonances. The impact on dynamics is similar whether originating from effects as diverse as nonlinear magnetic fields, RF cavities, space-charge forces among the charged particles in a bunch, or interactions between bunches.
High-resolution behavioral mapping of electric fishes in Amazonian habitats

The study of animal behavior has been revolutionized by sophisticated methodologies that identify and track individuals in video recordings. Video recording of behavior, however, is challenging for many species and habitats including fishes that live in turbid water. Here we present a methodology for identifying and localizing weakly electric fishes on the centimeter scale with subsecond temporal resolution based solely on the electric signals generated by each individual. These signals are recorded with a grid of electrodes and analyzed using a two-part algorithm that identifies the signals from each individual fish and then estimates the position and orientation of each fish using Bayesian inference. Interestingly, because this system involves eavesdropping on electrocommunication signals, it permits monitoring of complex social and physical interactions in the wild. This approach has potential for large-scale non-invasive monitoring of aquatic habitats in the Amazon basin and other tropical freshwater systems.
Mapping points of interest: an analysis of students’ engagement with digital primary sources

The Digital Archival Advertisements Survey Process (DAASP) model is a collaborative active learning exercise designed to aid students in evaluating primary source documents of print-based advertise...
Alteration by Kainate of Energy Stores and Neuronal-Glial Metabolism of Glutamate In Vitro

Kainate was found to decrease the energy charge of cerebellar slices and increase inosine monophosphate levels. In addition, it caused leakage of glutamate and aspartate from the tissue and decreased the synthesis of glutamine from a variety of radioactive precursors. These effects were attributed to alterations in glial cells secondary to massive depolarization of neurons. These results and those of others are discussed in terms of their implication for the mechanism of neurotoxicity of excitatory substances.
¿Fruto de la parra envenenada? Algunas observaciones comparadas sobre la constitución chilena

?Puede una constitucion nacida en dictadura servir a la democracia, o esta inevitablemente marcada por las circunstancias de su nacimiento? Esta es una pregunta muy importante para la politica chilena actual, pero en esto Chile no esta solo. Cerca del 20% de las constituciones vigentes actualmente fueron redactadas durante periodos no democraticos. La constitucion de Chile, sin embargo, forma parte de un grupo mas pequeno que denominaremos constituciones autoritarias transformadoras. Estas constituciones (1) han sido redactadas para ayudar de modo explicito al retorno a la democracia electoral luego de un periodo de tiempo; (2) reflejan ciertos objetivos politicos pensados para ser permanentes; y (3) contienen un mecanismo de reforzamiento para asegurar que ambos objetivos se logren. Este trabajo analiza luego como la reforma constitucional puede alcanzarse, sobre la base de evidencia comparada
Allergic transfusion reactions: an evaluation of 273 consecutive reactions.

Context.-Allergic reaction to transfusion is common. However, the review of a large series of allergic transfusion reactions has not been performed. Objective.-To review a large series of allergic transfusion reactions. Design.-A retrospective review of all reported and evaluated transfusion reactions during a 9-year period at 1 institution was performed. Associated clinical signs and symptoms were evaluated. Setting.-Large, tertiary-care teaching hospital. Results.-A total of 1613 adverse reactions to transfusion were evaluated. Allergic transfusion reactions accounted for 17% (273 of 1613) of the transfusion reactions. Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid signs and symptoms, and/or hypotension) were observed in 21 patients (7.7% of allergic reactions, or 1.3% of all transfusion reactions). Serum tryptase, a marker for anaphylaxis, was measured in 1 patient and determined to be borderline elevated. Five patients experienced allergic transfusion reactions to autologous red cell transfusions. One patient experienced hives during the transfusion of a major ABO mismatched red blood cell. A wide variety of skin manifestations were observed, but 26 (9.5%) patients did not have skin manifestations. Allergic transfusion reactions were estimated to occur in approximately 1 in 4124 blood components transfused, or 1 in 2338 transfusion episodes. Severe allergic reactions occurred in approximately 1 in 30281 transfusions. No deaths directly attributable to transfusion were observed in this patient group. Conclusions.-The clinical presentation of allergic transfusion reactions was quite variable, and the pathophysiology remains unclear. Recommendations for clinical evaluation and therapy remain problematic and often empirical.
Examination of How to Estimate the Viewing Angle at Intersections

We are considering a system capable of providing a route of minimum driving risk to reduce accidents of elderly drivers. In this system, mapping the driving risk is an important issue so that it is necessary to estimate the risk level of intersection without traffic signal where accidents occur frequently. To estimate the risk level of intersections, the viewing environment, especially the viewing angle, has a big influence. We plan the automatic generating method to predict the viewing angle from the Google Street View using latest computer vision approach. We try to predict the viewing angle to recognize the shield objects by using Semantic Segmentation.
Lessons Learned from Endovascular Coil Embolization of Pericallosal Artery Aneurysms and Adoption of Flow Diversion: A Retrospective Cohort Assessment of the Efficacy of Coiling and Flow Diversion

Background The adoption of endovascular techniques for treatment of pericallosal artery aneurysms (PAAs) has been comparatively gradual due to anatomic and technological factors. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the outcomes of PAA treatment with coiling and flow diversion at our institution. Methods This was a retrospective study of patients treated endovascularly for PAAs from December 2007 to January 2019. Results In total, 33 patients with 34 aneurysms were included (25 aneurysms ruptured, 9 unruptured or recurrent). Of the ruptured group, 22 were coiled (88%) and rest treated with flow diversion. Initial angiographic follow up rate was 72%, at median of 159 days. Overall recurrence rate was 40% (10/25) at median of 376 days, all among coiled aneurysms. 6 recurrent aneurysms were retreated with further coiling (2) and flow diversion (4). Of the unruptured/recurrent group, 5 were coiled (55%) and remainder treated with flow diversion. Angiographic follow-up rate was 100% at median of 267 days. Recurrence rate was 22% (2/9), both in coiled aneurysms. Overall, 27 aneurysms were coiled, 9 treated with flow diversion and 3 with “partial” flow diversion. All aneurysms treated with pipeline flow diversion achieved 100% occlusion. No re-rupture or new rupture was observed. Good clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale 0–2) was seen in 79% of patients. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that endovascular coiling for PAAs is associated with a definite rate of recurrence, which has to be monitored with timely angiography. We also demonstrate the excellent effectiveness of flow diversion for PAAs with either presentation.
Maize defective kernel5 is a bacterial TamB homologue required for chloroplast envelope biogenesis

Chloroplasts are of prokaryotic origin with a double-membrane envelope separating plastid metabolism from the cytosol. Envelope membrane proteins integrate chloroplasts with the cell, but envelope biogenesis mechanisms remain elusive. We show that maize defective kernel5 (dek5) is critical for envelope biogenesis. Amyloplasts and chloroplasts are larger and reduced in number in dek5 with multiple ultrastructural defects. The DEK5 protein is homologous to rice SSG4, Arabidopsis thaliana EMB2410/TIC236, and Escherichia coli tamB. TamB functions in bacterial outer membrane biogenesis. DEK5 is localized to the envelope with a topology analogous to TamB. Increased levels of soluble sugars in dek5 developing endosperm and elevated osmotic pressure in mutant leaf cells suggest defective intracellular solute transport. Proteomics and antibody-based analyses show dek5 reduces levels of Toc75 and chloroplast envelope transporters. Moreover, dek5 chloroplasts reduce inorganic phosphate uptake with at least an 80% reduction relative to normal chloroplasts. These data suggest that DEK5 functions in plastid envelope biogenesis to enable transport of metabolites and proteins.
Liver injury is most commonly due to hepatic metastases rather than drug hepatotoxicity during pembrolizumab immunotherapy.

BACKGROUND Pembrolizumab immunotherapy has been associated with hepatotoxicity in 1%-10% of oncology patients treated in clinical trials. AIM To describe the incidence, phenotypes and outcomes of liver injury in a large cohort of solid organ tumour patients receiving pembrolizumab METHODS: Liver injury was defined by serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and/or total bilirubin levels exceeding threshold values. The likelihood of drug-induced liver injury was adjudicated by expert opinion. RESULTS Seventy (14.3%) of the 491 pembrolizumab-treated patients developed liver injury at a median of 62 days (6-478) and 71.4% had a cholestatic injury profile at onset. The median age, gender and tumour types of liver injury patients were similar to those without, but hepatic metastases (53% vs 21%, P < 0.01) and prior systemic and liver-directed therapy (71% vs 53%, P < 0.01) were more commonly observed in liver injury patients. During follow-up, liver injury patients were less likely to experience tumour remission (10% vs 40.4%) and had higher mortality (67.1% vs 33.7%). Only 20 (28.6%) liver injury cases were adjudicated as probable drug-induced hepatotoxicity; these patients were significantly more likely to present with an hepatocellular/mixed injury pattern (65% vs 12%), to receive corticosteroids (55% vs 12%) and had lower mortality (45% vs 76%) during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Oncology patients treated with pembrolizumab who develop liver injury experience poorer outcomes during follow-up. The low incidence of confirmed drug hepatotoxicity highlights the need for thorough medical evaluation before initiating corticosteroids to optimise patient care.
Tracing Black Hole and Galaxy Co-evolution in the Romulus Simulations

We study the link between supermassive black hole growth and the stellar mass assembly of their host galaxies in the state-of-the-art Romulus suite of simulations. The cosmological simulations Romulus25 and RomulusC employ innovative recipes for the seeding, accretion, and dynamics of black holes in the field and cluster environments respectively. We find that the black hole accretion rate traces the star formation rate among star-forming galaxies. This result holds for stellar masses between 10^8 and 10^12 solar masses, with a very weak dependence on host halo mass or redshift. The inferred relation between accretion rate and star formation rate does not appear to depend on environment, as no difference is seen in the cluster/proto-cluster volume compared to the field. A model including the star formation rate, the black hole-to-stellar mass ratio, and the cold gas fraction can explain about 70 per cent of all variations in the black hole accretion rate among star forming galaxies. Finally, bearing in mind the limited volume and resolution of these cosmological simulations, we find no evidence for a connection between black hole growth and galaxy mergers, on any timescale and at any redshift. Black holes and their galaxies assemble in tandem in these simulations, regardless of the larger-scale intergalactic environment, suggesting that black hole growth simply follows star formation on galactic scales.
Information Materialities of Citizen Communication in the U.S. Congress

In this paper, we use a materiality lens to explore how information and communication technologies condition interaction between citizens and policymakers of the U.S. Congress. We work with ethnographic data - six months of observation in Washington D.C. and 48 interviews with staff in the House of Representatives. Customer relation management systems (CRMs) used by Congress are one of numerous technologies expected to enhance responsive communication between citizens and representatives. We find, instead, that these technologies promote the datafication of citizen information that configures and constrains how policymakers engage citizens as legitimate actors within the policy-making process. CRMs not only mediate communication between citizens and policymakers, they shape the idea of what communication between citizens and policymakers can be and how citizens are viewed in the eyes of policymakers and their staff. Thus, we extend our understanding of the ways in which material configurations of communication technologies influence not only how communication acts unfolds, but also how each partner conceives of and engages with the other. This has dramatic implications for the possibilities of digital communication channels to enhance, or uphold, the ideals of a representative democracy.
The Profitability of Ending the Marital Rape Exception: Ugandan Societal Norms Impeding Women’s Right to Say No

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a global issue, particularly egregious in developing nations. Social norms often protect men who commit certain GBV offenses. One offense men in developing countries are often protected from is marital rape. In Uganda, married women have no protection from rape committed by their spouses. This leads to a pattern of violence between partners in the home. By empowering married women and providing protection from the impunity of marital rape, social norms surrounding GBV will shift. New generations will emerge with the mindset that violence towards one’s wife is no longer socially acceptable. The frequency of violence towards women as a whole would be impacted by this mindset which would empower women. Empowered women raise empowered children, making social change that lasts. The cost of GBV to the global economy is significant. By protecting married women and shifting the social norm surrounding marital rape, there will be an impact on the social norm of GBV and the cost associated with it. Empowered women fuel economic prosperity, which will in turn benefit both the local and global economy.
Upper Blepharoplasty and Browplasty

Cosmetic rejuvenation of the periocular area can include incisional and non-incisional procedures. Although the use of non-incisional procedures, including botulinum toxin, dermal fillers, and skin resurfacing, has gained in popularity, the oculoplastic surgeon should continue to be proficient in incisional procedures. The most common periocular incisional procedures include upper blepharoplasty, lower blepharoplasty, and browplasty. Careful preoperative evaluation is critical, and the choice of the appropriate surgery is paramount. The purpose of this chapter is to review the preoperative evaluation, operative procedures, and post-operative care for cosmetic upper blepharoplasty and browplasty.
O-033 Post-embolization contrasted MRI enhancement of meningiomas is a greater predictor of intraoperative blood loss than angiography

Objective Pre-operative embolization of meningiomas remains controversial. Prior studies have shown that the degree of devascularization on angiography is not significantly correlated with intraoperative blood loss. This study examines pre and post-embolization MRI enhancement as an improved metric for assessing the degree of embolization. Methods We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent preoperative embolization for intracranial meningiomas at the Barrow Neurological Institute from 2007 to 2017. Two cohorts were analyzed based on the degree of devascularization observed (>/= 50% vs. Results 84 meningioma patients underwent preoperative embolization. 35 (42%) had post-embolization MR imaging prior to surgical resection. The mean lesion diameter was 4.9 cm (±1.3) and, intraoperatively, the mean blood loss was 576 ml (±341). Based on MR imaging, angiography overestimated devascularization in 22 patients (63%). 17 (49%) patients were found to have a >/= 50% decrease enhancement on contrasted post-embolization MRI which was associated with lower mean intraoperative blood loss [444 ml vs. 700 ml in 17 patients with /= 50% devascularization during embolization. These patients did not statistically differ in intraoperative blood loss as compared to those with Conclusion Post-embolization contrasted MRI is a better predictor of intraoperative blood loss during meningioma resection than post-embolization angiography, which overestimates the degree of devascularization. Disclosures J. Catapano: None. C. Pryzbylowski: None. A. See: None. A. Whiting: None. M. Labib: None. N. Rubel: None. V. Fredrickson: None. A. Ducruet: None. F. Albuquerque: None. N. Sanai: None.
Catching the Conscience of Kings: How Activists Align with Mutual Funds

Do hedge fund activists tailor their campaigns to mutual fund family's preferences? And if so, does the strategy work? Using supervised machine learning on the fund family's proxy voting choices, I estimate their preferences. I find that activists align proxy communications with the preferences of fund families that own a larger share in targeted firms. Activists learn from interactions with fund families and align their campaigns better in subsequent proxy fights. Tailored campaigns enjoy improved shareholder attention, more votes, and a greater likelihood of success. My findings suggest that activism helps push shareholders' implicit agendas.
0095 2020: the pandemic, social justice, political climate, and law enforcement stress

Statement of purposeEvaluate how external, national events in 2020 (i e COVID-19 pandemic, social justice, and the political climate) impacted law enforcement officer (LEO) stress Methods/ApproachIn September 2020, 18 patrol officers with at least one-year post-academy experience were recruited from two police departments (urban and suburban) for semi-structured interviews The purpose of the interviews was to explore if and how LEO stress changed due three specific external, nationwide stressors: 1) global pandemic;2) social injustice;and 3) political climate Interviews were conducted virtually and lasted approximately 1 hour Emergent findings were grouped into categories of themes using an immersion-crystallization approach ResultsThe average participant was 34 years old and 83% of officers were non-Hispanic White The COVID- 19 pandemic contributed to officer stress in three ways: 1) fewer, but more serious calls for service (i e homicides);2) vulnerability of COVID-19 infection and fear of transmission to immediate family;and 3) financial instability from changes in side jobs (outside police work) and spouses’ incomes The political climate and social justice movements also contributed to officer stress through: 1) negative perceptions from the media and the public;2) concerns about departmental support if force is exercised;and 3) concerns for own safety not directly related to calls for service (i e being ambushed) Additionally, officers reported stress overall due to changing guidance from administration Together, the compound stress led to less proactive policing to avoid civilian encounters ConclusionsLEOs experienced heightened levels of multifaceted stress due to 2020 events Additional resources or interventions should immediately be implemented to combat mental health among LEOs SignificanceLEOs deal with chronic stress due to unique occupational duties While high baseline levels of stress have been identified, the impact of 2020 events on stress had yet to be examined
Implementation of Lean Methodology on the Main Assembly Line of an Automotive Plant to Enhance Productivity

Productivity can be enhanced by reducing wastages in a process while maintaining or increasing the amount of output. This is real work carried out in the automotive industry. In our work, we enhanced the productivity of the assembly line in an automotive plant by applying lean methodologies. There is an extensive range of tools available to remove all kinds of wastes, from which we selected the following two tools to remove waste that will enhance productivity, Value Stream Map (VSM) and Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE). The purpose of using VSM is that it easily highlights the bottlenecks in any existing process. For VSM we need to conduct a time and motion study to understand the structure of an organization. At the same time, OEE helps us measure the efficiency of our system being utilized. After applying these tools, we easily identified the parts which needed improvement in the process. It has reduced our cycle time of sub-assemblies by 50% and transportation time by 60%. This overall enhanced the productivity of the system by 20%. The index of OEE increased by 2%. Our work has improved the productivity of the assembly line in an automotive plant. In the future this work can be further improved by our successors for better productivity, fulfilling future customer needs.
Resource Misallocation in India: The Role of Cross-State Labor Market Reform

At the macro level, productivity is driven by technology and the efficiency of resource allocation, as outcomes of firms’ decision making. The relatively high level of resource misallocation in India’s formal manufacturing sector is well documented. We build on this research to further investigate the drivers of misallocation, exploiting micro-level variation across Indian states. We find that states with less rigid labor markets have lesser misallocation. We also examine the interaction of labor market rigidities with informality which is a key feature of India’s labor markets. Our results suggest that reducing labor market rigidities in states with high informality has a net positive effect on aggregate productivity.
Disastrous Selling Decisions: The Disposition Effect and Natural Disasters

Combining county-level natural disaster data with individual investor transactions, I document an increased disposition effect for investors impacted by a natural disaster. This effect is increasing in disaster severity and decreasing in the length of time following the event, suggesting that extreme natural disasters can significantly influence investor behavior, especially in the short term. These findings are not explained by liquidity needs, tax incentives, or informed trading. The effect strengthens with local stocks and investors’ duration at their residence. Moreover, the increased disposition effect of disaster-affected investors is consistent with investors deriving utility from environmental damages and realized gains/losses.
The Tokyo Trial at Richmond: Digitizing the Sutton Collection of Documents from the International Military Tribunal for the Far East

Many librarians and readers are by now familiar with Laura Hillenbrand’s book Unbroken , which has spent over a year on the New York Times best seller list for hardcover nonfiction. In Unbroken , Hillenbrand chronicles the story of Louis Zamperini, a one-time Olympian who was taken prisoner and tortured by the Japanese while serving in the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II. In her research for later chapters in the book, Hillenbrand routinely cites documents from the war crimes trials of those who perpetrated crimes against prisoners of war. The University of Richmond (UR) is fortunate enough to hold many of these documents in the special collections of the William T. Muse Law Library: the papers of David Nelson Sutton, a prosecutor during the Tokyo War Crimes Trial. A new project at UR hopes to bring many of these primary documents to the digital world.
SU-E-T-554: Monte Carlo Calculation of Source Terms and Attenuation Lengths for Neutrons Produced by 50–200 MeV Protons On Brass

Purpose: We used TOPAS (TOPAS wraps and extends Geant4 for medical physicists) to compare Geant4 physics models with published data for neutron shielding calculations. Subsequently, we calculated the source terms and attenuation lengths (shielding data) of the total ambient dose equivalent (TADE) in concrete for neutrons produced by protons in brass. Methods: Stage1: The Bertini and Binary nuclear models available in Geant4 were compared with published attenuation at depth of the TADE in concrete and iron. Stage2: Shielding data of the TADE in concrete was calculated for 50– 200 MeV proton beams on brass. Stage3: Shielding data from Stage2 was extrapolated for 235 MeV proton beams. This data was used in a point-line-source analytical model to calculate the ambient dose per unit therapeutic dose at two locations inside one treatment room at the Francis H Burr Proton Therapy Center. Finally, we compared these results with experimental data and full TOPAS simulations. Results: At larger angles (∼130o) the TADE in concrete calculated with the Bertini model was about 9 times larger than that calculated with the Binary model. The attenuation length in concrete calculated with the Binary model agreed with published data within 7%±0.4% (statistical uncertainty) for the deepest regions andmore » 5%±0.1% for shallower regions. For iron the agreement was within 3%±0.1%. The ambient dose per therapeutic dose calculated with the Binary model, relative to the experimental data, was a ratio of 0.93±0.16 and 1.23±0.24 for two locations. The analytical model overestimated the dose by four orders of magnitude. These differences are attributed to the complexity of the geometry. Conclusion: The Binary and Bertini models gave comparable results, with the Binary model giving the best agreement with published data at large angle. Shielding data we calculated using the Binary model is useful for fast shielding calculations with other analytical models. This work was supported by National Cancer Institute Grant R01CA140735.« less
Hematopoietic stem cells. Effect of preirradiation, bleeding, and erythropoietin on thrombopoietic differentiation.

A method of measuring differentiation of stem cells towards platelets is described using syngeneic bone marrow injected into lethally irradiated mice. Fourteen days after such injection, the platelet counts are found to be proportional to the number of bone marrow cells injected and can be used as a measure of platelet progenitors. Perturbation of the milieu in which the transplanted marrow is placed by host preirradiation, bleeding, or erythropoietin administration leads to enhanced thrombopoiesis. It has been shown previously that similar perturbation favors erythropoiesis at the expense of granulopoiesis. The data from these and other experiments appear to be consistent, with a model of the stem cell compartment as a continuum with proliferative activity increasing as commitment is restricted. These functions vary inversely with the capacity for self-renewal. The various stem cell assays measure different ranges of stem cells, but overlap within this continuum.
Book review - Learning theory and online technologies

Learning Theory and Online Technologies presents readers with an outline of the current position of online learning, beginning with an historical review of e-learning and learning theories, and proposes a model of e-learning solutions for today’s learners. Written by Linda Harasim, professor at Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, British Columbia, the book includes examples of how the online collaborative learning theory can be applied in an online course and provides case studies of how the theory is being implemented in educational institutions.
Establishing Meal Patterns by Lickometry in the Marmoset Monkey (Callithrix jacchus): Translational Applications From the Bench to the Field and the Clinic

The ability to measure and interpret variables associated with feeding behavior and food intake is essential to a variety of nonhuman primate study modalities. The development of a technique to accurately and efficiently measure food intake and meal patterning in captivity will enhance both the interpretation of foraging behavior in the wild as well as our ability to model clinically relevant human feeding pathologies. In this study, we successfully developed the use of a rodent lickometer system to monitor meal patterning in captive common marmosets. We describe the modifications necessary for this type of instrumentation to be used successfully with marmosets. We define variables of interest that relate to both previous rodent literature and human clinical measures. Finally, we relate our findings to potential translational value for both primate field research and biomedical applications.
Abstract MP43: Baseline High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin-T is Independently Associated With Incident Hypertension

Introduction: Elevated blood pressure (BP) is often preceded by cardiac structural abnormalities, potentially allowing early detection before the onset of overt hypertension. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-T (hs-cTNT), a marker of subclinical myocardial damage, can identify persons at risk for hypertension. Methods: We studied 6,516 ARIC Study participants, free of prevalent hypertension and cardiovascular disease at baseline (1990-1992). Using Cox models, we examined the association of baseline hs-cTNT categories with incident diagnosed hypertension (defined by medication use or annual self-report over a median of 12 years) and with incident visit-based hypertension (defined by medication use, self-report, or BP measurement [>140/90 mmHg] over 6 years). Results: Relative to hs-cTNT <5ng/L, adjusted hazard-ratios for incident diagnosed hypertension were 1.16 (95% CI 1.08, 1.25) for those with hs-cTNT 5-8ng/L, 1.29 (1.14, 1.47) for hs-cTNT 9-13ng/L, and 1.31 (1.07, 1.61) for hs-cTNT ≥14ng/L (p-value for trend <0.001). Findings were stronger for incident visit-based hypertension. We noted higher relative hazard in normotensive persons (relative to those with prehypertension). Associations were not appreciably changed after adjustment for baseline NT-proBNP. In addition, baseline hs-cTNT was associated with a combined outcome of incident hypertension or incident LVH over 6 years follow-up (adjusted hazard-ratio of 1.58 [1.16-2.15], comparing hs-cTNT ≥14ng/L vs <5ng/L). Conclusion: In conclusion, baseline hs-cTNT is associated with incident hypertension and risk of LVH. Further research is needed to determine whether hs-cTNT can identify persons who may benefit from ambulatory BP monitoring, hypertension prevention lifestyle strategies, or early BP intervention. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Measurement error estimation for feature tracking

Performance estimation for feature tracking is a critical issue, if feature tracking results are to be used intelligently. In this paper, we derive quantitative measures for the spatial accuracy of a particular feature tracker. This method uses the results from the sum-of-squared-differences correlation measure commonly used for feature tracking to estimate the accuracy (in the image plane) of the feature tracking result. In this way, feature tracking results can be analyzed and exploited to a greater extent without placing undue confidence in inaccurate results or throwing out accurate results. We argue that this interpretation of results is more flexible and useful than simply using a confidence measure on tracking results to accept or reject features. For example, and extended Kalman filtering framework can assimilate these tracking results directly to monitor the uncertainty in the estimation process for the state of an articulated object.
Imaging RADAR Potentials for Earth Resources

The potentials of airborne and spacecraft borne imaging RADARs in earth resources applications are reviewed and discussed. The areas specifically addressed are: oceanography, coastal regions studies, glaciology, polar ice studies, geology, geomorphology and agriculture. The paper also addresses the main areas of emphasis for the next ten years.
Patient and physician views on providing cancer patient-specific survival information

Objectives/Hypothesis To gather input regarding the presentation, content, and understanding of survival and support information for Prognostigram, a computer-based program that uses standard cancer registry data elements to present individualized survival estimates. Study Design Cross-sectional survey research. Methods Two groups of patients (total n=40) and one group of physicians (n=5) were interviewed. The patient groups were interviewed to assess baseline patient numeracy and health literacy, and patient desire for prognostic information. The first group (n=20) was introduced to generalized survival curves in a paper booklet. The second group (n=20) was introduced to individualized survival curves from Prognostigram on the computer. Both patient groups were queried about the survival curves. The physicians were asked their opinions on sharing prognostic information with patients. Results Numeracy assessments indicated that the patients are able to understand concepts and statistics presented by Prognostigram. According to the patient interviews, the Internet is the most frequent source for survival statistics. Of the 40 patient participants, 39 reported survival statistics as being somewhat or very useful to cancer patients. All five physicians believed survival statistics were useful to patients and physicians, and noted accurate and understandable survival statistics are fundamental to facilitate discussions with patients regarding prognosis and expectations. Conclusions Formative research indicates that cancer patients and their families actively seek survival statistics on their own. All patients indicated strong interest in Prognostigram, which is a software tool designed to produce individualized survival statistics to oncologists and cancer patients in a user-friendly manner. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 124:429–435, 2014
DIRECT AGAR ISOLATION OF MYCOPLASMAS FROM HUMAN LEUKAEMIC BONE MARROW.

THERE are no reports of the direct isolation of myco-plasmas from human leukaemic blood or blood-forming organs, although the direct isolation of mycoplasmas from the blood of a few septic patients has been claimed1–4. In the present investigation, mycoplasmas were isolated from broth cultures seeded with three bone marrow samples obtained on the same day from one of three children suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Table 1).
The durability of gains from the Gautreaux Two residential mobility program: a qualitative analysis of who stays and who moves from low-poverty neighborhoods∗

This paper examines mobility in the Gautreaux Two Housing Mobility Program, which attempted to alleviate poverty concentration by offering vouchers to residents of highly distressed Chicago public housing developments. In contrast to the original Gautreaux program, placement moves in Gautreaux Two have proven far less durable – most families quickly moved on from their placement neighborhoods to neighborhoods that were quite poor and very racially segregated. Based on in-depth interviews with 58 Gautreaux Two participants and their children, we find that the primary factors motivating secondary moves included substandard unit quality and hassles with landlords. Other factors included feelings of social isolation due to poor integration into the new neighborhood, distance from kin, transportation difficulties, children's negative reaction to the new neighborhood, and financial difficulties. Policy implications include the need for further pre- and post-move housing counseling for families in mobility programs.
Hand-arm frequency-weighted vibration effects on tactility

This study reports results of an investigation into the short-term effects of power hand tool vibration on deep sense tactile sensitivity. Five subjects operated a simulated hand tool using a 30 s / 30 s work~rest duty cycle. The handle vibrated at 1S0 5349 weighted acceleration of 8 m/s 2, for frequencies of 20 Hz, 80 Hz, and 160 Hz, in three orthognal directions. A no-vibration condition was also included for a control Tactile sensitivity of the distal index finger was measured after 30 minutes using a ridge detection threshold detection task. The average falling ridge threshold increased five times from 0.01 mm for the no-vibration condition to 0.05 mm at 160 Hz, however no rising ridge threshold shifts were observed. Implications for job design and work practices are discussed. RELEVANCE TO INDUSTRY