cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bis(perfluoroalkyl)sulfur difluorides and bis(perfluoroalkyl) sulfoxides

Abstract Photolysis of CF3SOC(O)CF2CF3 and CF3SOC(O)CF2CF2CF3 results in the previously unreported sulfides, CF3SCF2CF3 and CF3SCF2CF2CF3. Fluorination of bis(perfluoroalkyl) sulfides with chlorine monofluoride leads to a new derivatives of sulfur tetrafluoride, CF3SF2CF3, CF3SF2CF2CF3 and CF3SF2CF2CF2CF3. The cesium fluoride catalyzed reaction of SF4 and C2F4 gives CF3CF2SF2CF2CF3. Hydrolysis of the products resulting from reaction of the bis(perfluoroalkyl)sulfur difluorides with HCl yields bis(perfluoroalkyl) sulfoxides, CF3S(O)CF3, CF3S(O)CF2CF3, CF3CF2S(O)CF2CF3 and CF3S(O)CF2CF2CF3. Infrared, NMR and mass spectra, as well as elemental analyses and vapor pressure data, are reported for these new compounds.
Comparative anatomy and systematics of Catasetinae (Orchidaceae).

Abstract Catasetinae consist of five genera of pseudobulbous Orchidaceae of the Neotropics. Anatomy is characterized by sunken, three-celled foliar hairs, mostly tetracytic stomatal apparatuses, superficial stomata, homogeneous mesophyll, foliar fibre bundles, collateral vascular bundles in a single row, xylem and phloem sclerenchyma associated with vascular bundles in leaves, conical, and rough-surfaced silica bodies adjacent to vascular bundle sclerenchyma; epidermal cells of pseudobulbs with heavily thickened outer walls, pseudobulb ground tissue of assimilatory and water-storage cells, scattered vascular bundles in pseudobulbs, and sclerenchyma and stegmata associated only with phloem of pseudobulbs; roots with thin-walled velamen cells and tenuous spirals of cell wall material, distinctive epivelamen cells, thin-walled exodermal cells and vascular tissue embedded in parenchyma. Except for mucilaginous idioblasts that occur in Mormodes and Cycnoches , there are few outstanding anatomical differences among the five genera. Thus, there are few anatomical characteristics of phylogenetic value. The monophyly of Catasetinae is supported by the presence of sunken foliar hairs. Our results support a close relationship between Clowesia and Catasetum , and between Mormodes and Cycnoches . Among the outgroups Pteroglossaspis is especially distinctive.
Modeling behavior, a step towards defining functionally correct views of complex objects in concurrent engineering

Multidisciplinary concurrent engineering needs to model and manage different views of complex designs. Previous attempts to address the problem of creating views of complex objects in object oriented database systems focus on the structure of complex objects; little attention is paid to how complex object behavior is effected when creating views. We believe that designing functionally correct behavior for a complex object should be a major consideration when defining a view to guarantee correctness of the derived classes.In this paper, we study the problem for designing functionally correct views of complex objects in concurrent engineering. View behavioral modeling requirements are presented. A behavior model that satisfies these requirements is presented. This model is demonstrated on an example complex object that represents process management.
Enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation in B lymphocytes upon complexing of membrane immunoglobulin

Abstract Activation of normal human perioheral blood B-enriched lymphocytes with antiserum reacting with membrane immunoglobulin was associated with increased phosphorylation of ceilular proteins, particularly in the Triton-insoluble cytoskelutal fraction. At least two proteins (56K and 60K) were labeled predominantly at tyrosine residues. These findings may indicate another specialized membrane structure which upon specific ligand binding stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation in association with cellular proliferation.
Bystanders to contests between conspecifics are primed for increased aggression in male fighting fish

We performed two experiments in which we allowed a male fighting fish, Betta splendens, designated a bystander, to observe aggressive contests between pairs of male conspecifics. Another male (naive male) observed an empty tank or two nonaggressive males, depending on the experiment. Immediately after these observation periods, we allowed the bystander and naive male to interact in a neutral area. In both experiments, bystander males were dominant over naive males in a significant number of the encounters. Bystander males performed significantly more aggressive behaviours (displays, chases and bites) than did naive males. Differences in dominance were not due to chance differences in body size. These findings demonstrate that exposure to aggression between conspecifics increases aggressive motivation in bystander male fighting fish. We discuss briefly the implications of such social experience on the formation of dominance hierarchies.  2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
Comparison of idiopathic and secondary uveitis patients seen in a dual pediatric rheumatology-ophthalmology clinic

Purpose Uveitis is an intraocular inflammatory disease that accounts for 10-15% of all cases of total blindness in the U.S. Although uveitis is more prevalent in adults, children comprise approximately 5% of the uveitis population. The most common etiologies of childhood uveitis are idiopathic, infectious, and rheumatologic. Idiopathic uveitis is the most common cause of pediatric uveitis, while uveitis associated with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is the most common secondary cause. In 2005, the physicians of Children’s Mercy’s Hospital created a dual Pediatric Rheumatology and Ophthalmology uveitis clinic for patients with ocular inflammation requiring systemic immunosuppressant therapy. An ophthalmologist and rheumatologist jointly evaluate each patient, and formulate a comprehensive plan with the patient and family. To our knowledge, this is the only pediatric uveitis clinic in the U.S. staffed by the two subspecialties simultaneously. The aim of this study was to determine if the characteristics of ocular involvement differ between severe Idiopathic uveitis (IU) and Secondary uveitis (SU).
On the estimate of the variance in unequal probability sampling.

It is shown by Sen (1953) and Des Raj (1956)that Yates and Grundy estimator of variance is always positive for the following two important sampling systems: (a) The first unit is selected with probabilities p~ (Usually p, are probabilities proportional to the size of the units denoted by p.p.s.) and the remaining (n-l ) units in the sample are selected with equal probabilities and without replacement. This scheme
Fire-setting by children

This paper reviews the literature on juvenile fire-setting and reports the results of a psychiatric hospital chart study which compares children who have set fires with those who have no known history of fire-setting behavior. Demographic, historical, and clinical variables are considered. The data from this study suggest that, in this population, there is little significant difference between the two groups. The areas of significance are discussed and suggestions for future research are presented.
Commensurate mixtures of ultracold atoms in one dimension

We study binary mixtures of ultracold atoms, confined to one dimension in an optical lattice, with commensurate densities. Within a Luttinger liquid description, which treats various mixtures on equal footing, we derive a system of renormalization group equations at second order, from which we determine the rich phase diagrams of these mixtures. These phases include charge and spin density wave orders, singlet and triplet pairings, polaron pairing [L. Mathey et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 120404 (2004)], and a supersolid phase. Various methods to detect our results experimentally are discussed.
Tryptase levels in nasal-lavage fluid as an indicator of the immediate allergic response

Abstract To examine mast cell involvement in allergic rhinitis, levels of tryptase, a specific marker for mast cell activation, and histamine, a marker of mast cell and basophil activation, were measured in nasal-lavage fluid after nasal-allergen challenge. Twelve atopic subjects with allergic rhinitis and five nonatopic subjects were challenged with timothy grass or ragweed pollen at increasing doses of allergen. Tryptase and histamine levels were, determined by an ELISA and radioenzyme assay, respectively; clinical responses were measured by assessment of sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and ocular tearing or itching. A positive clinical response was observed in seven of the atopic subjects and in none of the nonatopic subjects. Tryptase levels increased at least sevenfold higher than baseline levels in 100% of the atopic clinical responders and reached a maximum at the same dose of allergen where clinical symptoms were maximal. In contrast, histamine levels were only threefold or greater elevated in five of seven atopic clinical responders at this dose of allergen. (Histamine levels were lower in one subject and were only 50% higher in another subject than the corresponding baseline value.) Histamine levels and symptom scores were maximal at the same dose of allergen in only four of seven clinical responders. Overlap of peak mediator levels in subjects without a clinical response with those of the clinical responders occurred only in the case of histamine. Tryptase levels in nasal-lavage fluid appear promising as a useful indicator of allergic reactions and indicate that mast cell activation is the major factor in the immediate nasal-allergic response.
Chromosome demise in the wake of ligase‐deficient replication

Bacterial DNA ligases, NAD⁺-dependent enzymes, are distinct from eukaryotic ATP-dependent ligases, representing promising targets for broad-spectrum antimicrobials. Yet, the chromosomal consequences of ligase-deficient DNA replication, during which Okazaki fragments accumulate, are still unclear. Using ligA251(Ts), the strongest ligase mutant of Escherichia coli, we studied ligase-deficient DNA replication by genetic and physical approaches. Here we show that replication without ligase kills after a short resistance period. We found that double-strand break repair via RecA, RecBCD, RuvABC and RecG explains the transient resistance, whereas irreparable chromosomal fragmentation explains subsequent cell death. Remarkably, death is mostly prevented by elimination of linear DNA degradation activity of ExoV, suggesting that non-allelic double-strand breaks behind replication forks precipitate DNA degradation that enlarge them into allelic double-strand gaps. Marker frequency profiling of synchronized replication reveals stalling of ligase-deficient forks with subsequent degradation of the DNA synthesized without ligase. The mechanism that converts unsealed nicks behind replication forks first into repairable double-strand breaks and then into irreparable double-strand gaps may be behind lethality of any DNA damaging treatment.
IKr contributes to the altered ventricular repolarization that determines long-term cardiac memory

Objective Cardiac memory (CM) is characterized by an altered T-wave morphology, which reflects altered repolarization gradients. We hypothesized that the delayed rectifier currents, I Kr and I Ks, might contribute to these repolarization changes. Methods We studied conscious, chronically instrumented dogs paced from the postero-lateral left ventricular (LV) wall at rates 5–10% faster than sinus rate for 3weeks. ECGs during sinus rhythm were recorded on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 of pacing. Within 3weeks, CM achieved steady state, hearts were excised, and epicardial and endocardial tissues and myocytes were studied. Results In unpaced controls, action potential duration to 50% and 90% repolarization (APD) in epicardium was shorter than in endocardium ( P endocardium, P endocardium in controls ( P <0.05), and this difference was lost in CM. Expression levels of KCNQ1 and KCNE1 protein were similar in all groups. Conclusions A transcriptionally induced change in epicardial I Kr contributes to the altered ventricular repolarization that characterizes CM.
The anthracycline-trastuzumab interaction: Up-regulated binding may provide vital mechanistic insight.

Cardiotoxicity of anticancer treatment has been a concern for more than three decades. Throughout most of this time the concern focused on the anthracyclines, where cumulativedose related toxicity associated with typical cardiac biopsy changes and a sometimes progressive cardiomyopathic course became a well recognised entity. Risk factors were recognised, preventive strategies evolved, and cardiac monitoring became routine. While these strategies helped to reduce the morbidity of anthracycline-associated cardiotoxicity, not infrequently severe myopathy was encountered, and occasionally refractory congestive heart failure and cardiac death was seen. The finding that cardiotoxicity also existed with the antiHER 2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, initially reported by Slamon and colleagues, was unexpected. Especially surprising was the fact that 27% of patients exposed to the agent during the pivotal trials had measurable cardiotoxicity. Slamon’s report raised considerable concern and ultimately provided, at least in part, the impetus to include extensive cardiac monitoring for patients enrolled in clinical trials designed to examine the oncologic efficacy of trastuzumab. Criticism was voiced by some as to the advisability of exposing patients who were to be treated in the adjuvant setting to trastuzumab, especially when combined in regimens that also contained an anthracycline. Questions were raised regarding possible mechanisms of this phenomenon: was it caused by inherent de novo cardio-
The Effect of Gravity on Heat Transfer by Rayleigh Streaming in Pulse Tubes and Thermal Buffer Tubes

Thermoacoustic engines and refrigerators use the interaction between heat and sound to produce acoustic energy or to transport thermal energy. Heat leaks in thermal buffer tubes and pulse tubes, components in thermoacoustic devices that separate heat exchangers at different temperatures, reduce the efficiency of these systems. At high acoustic amplitudes, Rayleigh mass streaming can become the dominat means for undesirable heat leak. Gravity affects the streaming flow patterns and influences streaming-induced heat convection. A simplified analytical model is constructed that shows gravity can reduce the streaming heat leak dramatically.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Alcohol abuse and perceptual-motor dysfunction: the occupational therapist's role

A review of the literature on perceptual-motor deficits in alcoholic patients is presented. Studies show that there is a relationship between perceptual-motor dysfunction and alcoholism. Because occupational therapists treat perceptual-motor deficits in other kinds of patients, they may have a role in treating these deficits in alcoholic patients as well. To assume such a role, however, occupational therapists must document a relationship between dysfunction in activities of daily living and perceptual-motor dysfunction in the alcoholic patient. Unless such a relationship is established, treatment of perceptual-motor dysfunction in alcoholic patients would not fall within the scope of occupational therapy. Language: en
Cation Effects on Interfacial Water Organization of Aqueous Chloride Solutions. I. Monovalent Cations: Li+, Na+, K+, and NH4+

The influence of monovalent cations on the interfacial water organization of alkali (LiCl, NaCl, and KCl) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) salt solutions was investigated using surface-sensitive conventional vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) and heterodyne-detected (HD-)VSFG spectroscopy. It was found in the conventional VSFG spectra that LiCl and NH4Cl significantly perturb water’s hydrogen-bonding network. In contrast, NaCl and KCl had little effect on the interfacial water structure and exhibited weak concentration dependency. The Im χs(2)(ωIR) spectra from HD-VSFG further revealed that, for all chloride solutions, the net transition dipole moments of hydrogen-bonded water molecules (O → H) are oriented more toward the vapor phase relative to neat water. This suggests the presence of an interfacial electric field generated from the formation of an ionic double layer in the interfacial region with a distribution of Cl– ions located above the countercations, in agreement with predictions from MD s...
Caffeic Acid-Containing Medium for Identification of Cryptococcus neoformans

A new growth medium containing caffeic acid and ferric citrate is described. The pigment produced on this medium is specific for the identification of Cryptococcus neoformans and differentiates it from other cryptococci. The medium is more easily compounded and requires less time for pigment formation than the conventional Guizotia extract media. The medium is stable in the dry form as well as in the prepared form.
Composite flexural-mode resonator with controllable turnover temperature

This paper presents the design and characterization of a flexural mode composite resonator whose inherent frequency sensitivity to temperature changes is reduced. The resonator is an encapsulated single anchor, double ended tuning fork (DETF) composed of single crystal silicon with a silicon dioxide coating. The frequency variation with temperature of the composite resonator exhibits a turnover temperature at which the frequency does not change with temperature. The turnover temperature can be controlled by varying the thickness of the silicon dioxide. This useful characteristic could be combined with active temperature compensation for more precise timing applications. The fabricated devices show a temperature sensitivity that is comparable to a quartz crystal tuning fork resonator.
Presentation of the Morris F. Collen Award to Joshua Lederberg, PhD.

The American College of Medical Informatics is an honorary society established to recognize those who have made sustained contributions to the field. Its highest award, for lifetime achievement and contributions to the discipline of medical informatics, is the Morris F. Collen Award. Dr. Collen's own efforts as a pioneer in the field stand as the embodiment of creativity, intellectual rigor, perseverance, and personal integrity. At most once a year, the College gives its highest recognition to those whose attainments have, throughout their careers, substantially advanced the science and art of medical informatics. In 1999, the College was proud to present the Collen Award to Joshua Lederberg, PhD. Biologist, geneticist, computer scientist, and scholar, Dr. Lederberg's lifelong contributions to biomedicine and science, as well as to medical informatics, make him highly deserving of the recognition embodied in the Collen Award. Joshua Lederberg was born in Montclair, New Jersey, on May 23, 1925, the son of a rabbi. His interest in a scientific career was mentioned in an essay that he wrote at the age of seven. His family moved to New York City when Lederberg was a child, and Lederberg was able to attend Stuyvesant High School, a school that allowed him to concentrate in the sciences. In New York, Lederberg was also able to take advantage of facilities such as the American Institute, which made laboratory space and equipment available to talented high school science students. On graduating from high school at 16, Lederberg took advantage of a local scholarship to attend Columbia University and, after completing his undergraduate degree, he began medical school there. He did not see combat service during World War II, but from July 1943 he was enrolled in the U.S. Navy's V-12 training program, which combined an accelerated premedical and medical curriculum with active service …
Alterations of Na+ Currents in Myocytes From Epicardial Border Zone of the Infarcted Heart A Possible Ionic Mechanism for Reduced Excitability and Postrepolarization Refractoriness

Previously, we have shown abnormalities in Vmax and in the recovery of Vmax in myocytes dispersed from the epicardial border zone (EBZ) of the 5-day infarcted canine heart (myocytes from the EBZ [IZs]). Thus, we sought to determine the characteristics of the whole-cell Na+ current (INa) in IsZs and compare them with the INa of cells from noninfarcted hearts (myocytes from noninfarcted epicardium [NZs]). INa was recorded using patch-clamp techniques under conditions that eliminated contaminating currents and controlled INa for measurement (19 degrees C, 5 mmol/L [Na+]zero). Peak INa density (at -25 mV) was significantly reduced in IZs (4.9 +/- 0.44 pA/pF, n = 36) versus NZs (12.8 +/- 0.55 pA/pF, n = 54; P < .001), yet the half-maximal activation voltage (V0.5), time course of decay, and time to peak INa were no different. However, in IZs, V0.5 of the availability curve (I/Imax curve) was shifted significantly in the hyperpolarizing direction (-80.2 +/- 0.48 mV in NZs [n = 45] versus -83.9 +/- 0.59 mV in IZs [n = 27], P < .01). Inactivation of INa directly from a depolarized prepotential (-60 mV) was significantly accelerated in IZs versus NZs (fast and slow time constants [T1 and T2, respectively] were as follows: NZs [n = 28], T1 = 71.5 +/- 5.6 ms and T2 = 243.7 +/- 17.1 ms; IZs [n = 21], T1 = 36.3 +/- 2.4 ms and T2 = 153 +/- 11.3 ms; P < .001). Recovery of INa from inactivation was dependent on the holding potential (VH) in both cell types but was significantly slower in IZs. At (VH) = -90 mV, INa recovery had a lag in 18 (82%) of 22 IZs (with a 17.6 +/- 1.5-ms lag) versus 2 (9%) of 22 NZs (with 5.9- and 8.7-ms lags); at VH = -100 mV, T1 = 60.9 +/- 2.6 ms and T2 = 352.8 +/- 28.1 ms in NZs (n = 41) versus T1 = 76.3 +/- 4.8 ms and T2 = 464.4 +/- 47.2 ms in IZs (n = 26) (P < .002 and P < .03, respectively); at VH = -110 mV, T1 = 33.4 +/- 1.8 ms and T2 = 293.5 +/- 33.6 ms in NZs (n = 21) versus T1 = 44.3 +/- 2.9 ms and T2 = 388.4 +/- 38 ms in IZs (n = 18) (P < .002 and P < .07, respectively). In sum, INa is reduced, and its kinetics are altered in IZs. These changes may underlie the altered excitability and postrepolarization refractoriness of the ventricular fibers of the EBZ, thus contributing to reentrant arrhythmias in the infarcted heart.
Coordinated ventilation and spiracle activity produce unidirectional airflow in the hissing cockroach, Gromphadorhina portentosa

Insects exchange respiratory gases via an extensive network of tracheal vessels that open to the surface of the body through spiracular valves. Although gas exchange is known to increase with the opening of these spiracles, it is not clear how this event relates to gas flow through the tracheal system. We examined the relationship between respiratory airflow and spiracle activity in a ventilating insect, the hissing cockroach, Gromphadorhina portentosa , to better understand the complexity of insect respiratory function. Using simultaneous video recordings of multiple spiracular valves, we found that abdominal spiracles open and close in unison during periods of ventilation. Additionally, independent recordings of CO2 release from the abdominal and thoracic regions and observations of hyperoxic tracer gas movement indicate that air is drawn into the thoracic spiracles and expelled from the abdominal spiracles. Our video recordings suggest that this unidirectional flow is driven by abdominal contractions that occur when the abdominal spiracles open. The spiracles then close as the abdomen relaxes and fills with air from the thorax. Therefore, the respiratory system of the hissing cockroach functions as a unidirectional pump through the coordinated action of the spiracles and abdominal musculature. This mechanism may be employed by a broad diversity of large insects that respire by active ventilation.
Microstructure of Reaction‐Bonded Silicon Nitride Consolidated by Isostatic Hot‐Pressing

A microstructural examination and chemical analysis are conducted for reaction-bonded Si3N4 specimens that were isostatically hot pressed at 1850, 1950, and 2050 C. The present observations indicate that the previously reported increase in the 1200 C bend strength of reaction-bonded Si3N4, after pressing at 2050 C exclusively, is due to the relative oxygen levels of the isostatically hot pressed specimens; calculations show that an SiO2 content of less than about 2.2 vol pct is needed to yield the 1200 C strength increase.
Fokker-Planck simulations of bunched beams: high-Q rf modes and response functions

A computer code was developed to extend the method of Warnock and Ellison (1999) for integrating the nonlinear Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation for bunched beams (The 2nd ICFA Advanced Accelerator Workshop on the Physics of High Brightness Beams, 1999). The code handles arbitrary radio-frequency potentials and high-Q impedances and is used to study instabilities in stretched bunches. This paper describes how high-Q resonant rf modes are incorporated into the code. A method by which this time-domain code is used to calculate beam response functions, which are response functions that include the beam acting back on itself through the ring impedance, is also described and applied to stretched bunches.
Inverted U shaped effect of nicotine on the severity of depressive symptoms: A population-based survey

Objectives To investigate whether that nicotine concentration represented by the degree of smoking dependence variably influence the rate and severity of depressive symptoms.
The Arabidopsis eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit F (AteIF3f), is required for pollen germination and embryogenesis

*SUMMARY Previous studies have shown that subunits E (eIF3e), F (eIF3f) and H (elF3h) of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 play important roles in cell development in humans and yeast. eIF3e and eIF3h have also been reported to be important for normal cell growth in Arabidopsis. However, the functions of subunit eIF3f remain largely unknown in plant species. Here we report characterization of mutants for the Arabidopsis eIF3f (AteIF3f) gene. AteIF3f encodes a protein that is highly expressed in pollen grains, developing embryos and root tips, and interacts with Arabidopsis eIF3e and eIF3h proteins. A Ds insertional mutation in AteIF3f disrupted pollen germination and embryo development. Expression of some of the genes that are essential for pollen tube growth and embryogenesis is down-regulated in ateif3f-1 homozygous seedlings obtained by pollen rescue. These results suggested that AteIF3f might play important roles in Arabidopsis cell growth and differentiation in combination with eIF3e and eIF3h.
Reciprocal Relationship Between the Concentrations of Serotonin and the Activity of Serotonin-N-Acetyltransferase in Rat Pineal Glands in Culture

Serotonin is a co-substrate for catabolism of acetyl CoA by serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT), and acetyl CoA is the most potent known stabilizer of NAT activity against rapid thermal inactivation in pineal homogenate. The possibility that serotonin may modulate NAT activity was considered and subjected to experimentation. Chlorophenylalanine (4 mM) and R04–4602 (100 μM) enhanced the nor- epinephrine (NE)-induced stimulation of NAT activity in rat pineal glands in culture; whereas, 5-hydroxytryptophan (1 mM) attenuated it. Chlorophenylalanine (4 mM) decreased the fall of NAT activity induced by Z-propranolol; whereas, reserpine (50 μM) and serotonin (0.5 mM) had no effect. In contrast, 5-hydroxytryptophan (1 mM) accelerated the fall of NAT activity induced by Z-propranolol. Consequently, a reciprocal relationship appears to exist between the serotonin concentrations and NAT activity in pineal gland. Comparing the kinetics of native and NE-stimulated NAT, there occurred changes in Vmax with regard to bot...
Rowan v. US Post Office: The Privacy Rights Against Unwanted Speech

This brief article discusses the Supreme Court’s decision in Rowan v. U.S. Post Office, where the Court sustained a statute permitting residents to prohibit offensive mailings from a specified sender. Although conceding that the statute undoubtedly impeded the flow of ideas, the Court held that this effect was subordinate to the right of people in their homes to be free from offensive and unwanted material.
Neural measurement of sound duration: control by excitatory-inhibitory interactions in the inferior colliculus.

In the inferior colliculus (IC) of the big brown bat, a subpopulation of cells (∼35%) are tuned to a narrow range of sound durations. Band-pass tuning for sound duration has not been seen at lower ...
OAI-PMH Harvested Collections and User Engagement

ABSTRACTDiscovery tools are used in libraries to bring together books, articles, and other resources. Research has focused on user and librarian evaluation of these tools, but there are few evaluations of non-book and non-article sources. Discovery tools can also include metadata for local collections harvested through the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH). Creating these harvests can be time consuming for staff, so it is important for libraries to understand if and how patrons use these records. The University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries (UNL Libraries) harvests metadata from local collections into the Encore discovery tool. A study was conducted to analyze patron use of OAI-harvested records. This study analyzed usage data for harvested collections obtained from different discovery sources and referrals through Encore. Google Analytics was used to evaluate searcher behavior differences between content referred through Encore and other referrals. Although discovery thr...
Enrollment and Service Use Patterns Among Persons With Severe Mental Illness Receiving Expedited Medicaid on Release From State Prisons, County Jails, and Psychiatric Hospitals

Objective:This study examined postrelease patterns of Medicaid coverage and use of services among persons with severe mental illness who were referred for expedited Medicaid enrollment before their release from state prisons, county jails, and psychiatric hospitals in Washington State during 2006, the first year of a new policy authorizing this practice.Methods:A retrospective cohort design was used with linked administrative data to identify persons with severe mental illness (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression) who were referred for expedited Medicaid enrollment from state prisons (N=252), county jails (N=489), and psychiatric hospitals (N=507). For each cohort, logistic regression was used to compare those who were approved for expedited Medicaid with those who were not approved; for the 30-, 60-, and 90-day periods after release, Medicaid enrollment status and use of outpatient mental health services were also compared.Results:Approval rates were higher for persons released from psyc...
Chemical differentiation of cartilage and bone. II. Sulfatase activity.

SummaryUsing p-nitrophenyl sulfate as substrate no sulfatase activity could be demonstrated in costal cartilage at varying stages of differentiation or in bone providing no red blood cells or marrow elements were present.
Research and Application of Crosswell Seismic Data Explaining Method in Hei 95 Block

Crosswell seismic as a new seismic technique in exploration of oil and gas field,the feature of crosswell seismic is with high-resolution,well reservoir description accuracy and so on.The interpretation method of crosswell seismic data to explain crosswell seismic data of Jilin oil field Hei59 field is made of.The result of interpretation applied in oilfield development is preferable.
Transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of aortic valve integrity with antegrade crystalloid cardioplegic solution used as an imaging agent

Forceful intravascular injection of crystalloid causes microbubble (cavitation) formation. The resulting ultrasound-opaque medium is widely used in echocardiography as a source of contrast. The following study was performed to determine the feasibility of using antegrade crystalloid cardioplegic solution as a transesophageal two-dimensional echocardiographic imaging agent to evaluate aortic valve integrity. In patients with preexisting aortic regurgitation (n = 12), cardioplegic solution administration (driving pressure 150 to 200 mm Hg) was associated with the appearance of intracardiac cavitations in 12 of 12 patients. Among patients without preexisting valve dysfunction (n = 22), intracardiac cavitations were manifested in 20 of 22, with extension of the cavitations to the left atrium in 17. Associated cardiac dimensions (left ventricular outflow tract area and left ventricular diameter) did not exceed preceding cardiopulmonary bypass values in these patients (2.0 +/- 1.6 cm2 versus 2.6 +/- 1.2 cm2 and 1.4 +/- 0.7 cm versus 1.5 +/- 0.8 cm, respectively). It was concluded that antegrade crystalloid cardioplegic solution can be used as an echocardiographic contrast agent in this context. The inability to establish a relationship between the extent of cardioplegic intracardiac penetration and left ventricular dimensional changes limits the technique, as presently employed, to qualitative analysis of valve dysfunction.
Human Renal Cell Carcinoma Xenograft: Morphology, Growth and Chemosensitivities

Abstract A primary human renal clear cell carcinoma has been developed as a xenograft (JDF-1). Passage 7 of the JDF-1 tumor retained the microscopic morphology of the primary tumor, electron micrographs have confirmed its epithelial characteristics and karyotyping of a subsequent passage has proved it is not a murine hybrid. Immunoperoxidase studies using a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies demonstrate an antigenic phenotype specific for human renal cancer. In vitro chemosen-sitvities of the JDF-1 tumor were determined by the double-layer soft-agar clonogenic assay method. JDF-1 showed no significant sensitivities to several standard chemotherapeutic agents, but alpha-2-interferon and difluoromethylornithine in combination synergistically inhibited its growth by 74 per cent.
The Arab Spring Erupts, Turkey and Qatar Respond

This chapter discusses how the Arab Spring threw the region into another turmoil. It then details how Turkey and Qatar repositioned themselves and reacted to the unfolding developments in the Arab World. This chapter argues that by the time the Arab Spring erupted, Turkey and Qatar had become too confident of their own achievements in the 2000s and sought to expand their influence even further in the region. The fact that the Muslim Brotherhood-affiliated political parties and figures rose to prominence boosted their ambitions as both countries had extremely close relations with the movement. Building upon these former ties, the chapter discusses how Turkey and Qatar developed much stronger relations with Egypt under the presidency of the Brotherhood-backed Muhammed Mursi.
The Variance Function of the Difference Between Two Estimated Responses

SUMMARY The work of Herzberg (1967) is reviewed and some additional features of the variance function of the difference between two estimated responses, for first, second and third order rotatable designs are given.
Environmental Toxicants-Induced Immune Responses in the Olfactory Mucosa.

Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are the receptor cells for the sense of smell. Although cell bodies are located in the olfactory mucosa of the nasal cavity, OSN axons directly project to the olfactory bulb that is a component of the central nervous system (CNS). Because of this direct and short connection from this peripheral tissue to the CNS, the olfactory system has attracted attention as a port-of-entry for environmental toxicants that may cause neurological dysfunction. Selected viruses can enter the olfactory bulb via the olfactory mucosa, and directly affect the CNS. On the other hand, environmental toxicants may induce inflammatory responses in the olfactory mucosa, including infiltration of immune cells and production of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, these inflammatory responses cause the loss of OSNs that are then replaced with newly generated OSNs that re-connect to the olfactory bulb after inflammation has subsided. It is now known that immune cells and cytokines in the olfactory mucosa play important roles in both degeneration and regeneration of OSNs. Thus, the olfactory system is a unique neuroimmune interface where interaction between nervous and immune systems in the periphery significantly affects the structure, neuronal circuitry, and immunological status of the CNS. The mechanisms by which immune cells regulate OSN loss and the generation of new OSNs are, however, largely unknown. To help develop a better understanding of the mechanisms involved, we have provided a review of key research that has investigated how the immune response in the olfactory mucosa affects the pathophysiology of OSNs.
Reclaiming the Authority to Plan: How the Legacy of Structural Adjustment Affected Bolivia’s Effort to Recentralize Nutrition Planning

Summary Thirty years after structural adjustment led to the widespread decentralization of developing country governments, signs are emerging of a slow return to centralized state authority. What is not apparent is how, and how well, national governments can implement actions after reclaiming the authority to plan. I answer this question through a case study of recentralization—Bolivia’s Zero Malnutrition Program (ZM). My data come from ongoing fieldwork I conducted in Bolivia since the launch of the ZM program in 2007, but focus on additional, in-depth fieldwork I carried out over a period of 13 months during the program’s fourth and fifth year of implementation. Data collection methods included semi-structured interviews, participant observation, document review, and secondary data analysis at local, regional, and national levels of the program. I argue that national planners may find it difficult to avoid replicating the fragmented planning model recentralization is often working against. In the Bolivia case, when ZM planners were given the rare opportunity to lead national-level health reform, they believed the fastest way to act was to rely primarily on short-term consultants. This allowed for fast action on the ground, but at the cost of constant staff rotation and loss of momentum, training gaps, turf wars, and eventually, a loss of accountability and credibility for the program overall. How ZM staff at different levels of the program overcame these added challenges, however, is perhaps the most important story. Through participatory planning, a negotiated implementation approach, the re-skilling of mid-level managers, and the work of emerging “street-level champions”, I show how ZM planners and staff eventually began to restore public sector capacity. These findings contribute to the dearth of research on public sector implementation, particularly as it relates to developing countries and the growing initiatives aiming to effectively re-build national planning capacity.
Widespread position-specific conservation of synonymous rare codons within coding sequences

Synonymous rare codons are considered to be sub-optimal for gene expression because they are translated more slowly than common codons. Yet surprisingly, many protein coding sequences include large clusters of synonymous rare codons. Rare codons at the 5' terminus of coding sequences have been shown to increase translational efficiency. Although a general functional role for synonymous rare codons farther within coding sequences has not yet been established, several recent reports have identified rare-to-common synonymous codon substitutions that impair folding of the encoded protein. Here we test the hypothesis that although the usage frequencies of synonymous codons change from organism to organism, codon rarity will be conserved at specific positions in a set of homologous coding sequences, for example to tune translation rate without altering a protein sequence. Such conservation of rarity-rather than specific codon identity-could coordinate co-translational folding of the encoded protein. We demonstrate that many rare codon cluster positions are indeed conserved within homologous coding sequences across diverse eukaryotic, bacterial, and archaeal species, suggesting they result from positive selection and have a functional role. Most conserved rare codon clusters occur within rather than between conserved protein domains, challenging the view that their primary function is to facilitate co-translational folding after synthesis of an autonomous structural unit. Instead, many conserved rare codon clusters separate smaller protein structural motifs within structural domains. These smaller motifs typically fold faster than an entire domain, on a time scale more consistent with translation rate modulation by synonymous codon usage. While proteins with conserved rare codon clusters are structurally and functionally diverse, they are enriched in functions associated with organism growth and development, suggesting an important role for synonymous codon usage in organism physiology. The identification of conserved rare codon clusters advances our understanding of distinct, functional roles for otherwise synonymous codons and enables experimental testing of the impact of synonymous codon usage on the production of functional proteins.
A Direct Estimate of the Seasonal Cycle of Evapotranspiration over the Amazon Basin

AbstractEvapotranspiration (ET) is a critical term in the surface energy budget as well as the water cycle. There are few direct measurements of ET, and thus the magnitude and variability are poorly constrained at large spatial scales. Estimates of the annual cycle of ET over the Amazon are critical because they influence predictions of the seasonal cycle of carbon fluxes, as well as atmospheric dynamics and circulation. The authors estimate ET for the Amazon basin using a water budget approach by differencing rainfall, discharge, and time-varying storage from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment. It is found that the climatological annual cycle of ET over the Amazon basin upstream of Obidos shows suppression of ET during the wet season and higher ET during the dry season, consistent with flux-tower-based observations in seasonally dry forests. They also find a statistically significant decrease in ET over the time period 2002–15 of −1.46 mm yr−1. The direct estimate of the seasonal cycle of ET is ...
Design and comparative evaluation of GPGPU- and FPGA-based MPSoC ECU architectures for secure, dependable, and real-time automotive CPS

In this paper, we propose and implement two electronic control unit (ECU) architectures for real-time automotive cyber-physical systems that incorporate security and dependability primitives with low resources and energy overhead. These ECUs architectures follow the multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) design paradigm wherein the ECUs have multiple heterogeneous processing engines with specific functionalities. The first architecture, GED, leverages an ARM-based application processor and a GPGPU-based co-processor. The second architecture, RED, integrates an ARM based application processor with a FPGA-based co-processor. We quantify and compare temporal performance, energy, and error resilience of our proposed architectures for a steer-by-wire case study over CAN, CAN FD, and FlexRay in-vehicle networks. Hardware implementation results reveal that RED and GED can attain a speedup of 31.7× and 1.8×, respectively, while consuming 1.75× and 2× less energy, respectively, than contemporary ECU architectures.
A Fast Semi-Automatic Segmentation Tool for Processing Brain Tumor Images.

Segmentation, the process of delineating boundaries and features within images, is a vital part of both the clinical assessment and the computational analysis of brain cancers. Here, we provide an open-source algorithm (MITKats), built on the Medical Imaging Interaction Toolkit, to provide user-friendly and expedient tools for semi-automatic segmentation. To evaluate its performance against competing algorithms, we applied MITKats to MRIs of 38 high-grade glioma cases from publicly available benchmarks. The similarity of the segmentations to expert-delineated ground truths approached the discrepancies among different manual raters, the theoretically maximal precision. The average time spent on each segmentation was 5 min, making MITKats between 4 and 11 times faster than competing semi-automatic algorithms, while retaining similar accuracy. We conclude with remarks on the utility of segmentation for medical data analysis as well as its further challenges.
Predicting model of phasor estimation for a faster response time

Phaser measurement unit (PMU) is one of the key components in present wide area monitoring, protection, and control systems (wAMPAC). There are delays in PMU measurements due to the delay in PMU signal acquisition that may affect the performance of applications in real time in the grid. In this paper, in order to mitigate the effect of signal acquisition delays, a predicting model of PMU is proposed for estimating the phasor. This prediction model focuses on estimation of phasors which require faster response and low latency rates with respect to protection of power system. The algorithm is tested with different window filters at various sampling frequency rates and window lengths carried out for phasor estimation. It is seen that the simulation results give an accurate and lower signal acquisition delay incurred during phasor estimation.
Oxidant K edge x-ray emission spectroscopy of UF4 and UO2

The K-Edge (1s) x-ray emission spectroscopy of uranium tetrafluoride and uranium dioxide were compared to each other and to the results of a pair of earlier cluster calculations. Using a very simplified approach, it is possible to qualitatively reconstruct the main features of the x-ray emission spectra from the cluster calculation state energies and 2p percentages.
Mapping the visual sensory onto the visual motor system.

Recording in the brainstem of the alert macaque revealed single units whose impulse rates vary with eye position with preferred directions that are neither horizontal or vertical nor do they correspond to the direction of activity of any of the twelve extraocular muscles. The facts that these units change firing rates well before the occurrence of changes of eye position and that they are located cranial to the third nerve nucleus suggest that they are supranuclear. It is shown how these units could function in the processes by which the sensory visual input is translated into the pattern of oculomotor organization demanded by the kinematic laws of eye movement.
Alveolar Air and O2 Uptake During Exercise in Patients With Heart Failure.

ABSTRACT Background Peak exercise pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2) is a primary marker of prognosis in heart failure (HF). The pathophysiology of impaired peak VO2 is unclear in patients. To what extent alveolar airway function affects VO2 during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to describe how changes in alveolar ventilation (VA), volume (VA), and related parameters couple with exercise VO2 in HF. Methods and Results A total of 35 patients with HF (left ventricular ejection fraction 20 ± 6%, age 53 ± 7 y) participated in CPET with breath-to-breath measurements of ventilation and gas exchange. At rest, 20 W, and peak exercise, arterial CO2 tension was measured via radial arterial catheterization and used in alveolar equations to derive VA and VA. Resting lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was assessed and indexed to VA for each time point. Resting R2 between VO2 and VA, VA, DLCO, and DLCO/VA was 0.68, 0.18, 0.20, and 0.07, respectively (all P Conclusions These data suggest that alveolar airway function that is not exclusively related to effects caused by localized lung diffusivity affects exercise VO2 in moderate-to-severe HF.
Urocortin 2 Gene Transfer Reduces the Adverse Effects of a Western Diet on Cardiac Function in Mice

Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased risk of heart failure. It has been previously demonstrated in mice that a single injection of adeno-associated virus 8 encoding urocortin 2 (AAV8.UCn2...
Ribosomal DNA polymorphisms reveal genetic structure and a phylogeographic pattern in the Burgundy truffle Tuber aestivum Vittad.

Ectomycorrhizal ascomycetes belonging to the genus Tuber produce edible fruiting bodies known as truffles. Tuber aestivum, in particular, is a fungus appreciated worldwide and has a natural distrib...