cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of viral development in isolated animal tissues.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the growth of virus in multi-cellular cultures and outlines the sequence of events in time that occur during the interaction of virus and host-cell. Some of these events, such as adsorption, penetration, and release of virus, are readily recognizable by measuring mature virus. These phases may be designated as the mechanics of viral development. The chapter also discusses the metabolic factors that underlie and govern the gross pattern of viral development, along with the biochemical aspects of the viral synthetic process. Considerable data are available that bear upon the viral synthetic process. The pertinent biochemical problems of virology are met constantly in general biochemistry. These problems include the origin of large molecules as proteins or nucleic acids, the biological significance of the fine structure of these molecules, and the mechanism of integrating competing synthetic reactions. Several new techniques of viral cultivation are also discussed in the chapter. These techniques include the cultivation of influenza virus in the respirometer, cultivation of poliomyelitis virus in Hela cells, cultivation of western equine encephalomyelitis viruses in chicken fibroblasts, and cultivation of viruses in cellular monolayers.
Elliptical Flow: A Probe of the Pressure in Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions

Much experimental and theoretical effort has been devoted in the past to study the transition between quark matter and hadronic gas in ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions (≥10 AGeV). How does the equation of state (EoS) reflect the transition from the hadronic matter to the quark-gluon-plasma (QGP)? A first-order phase transition is generically associated with the presence of a ‘softest point’ in the EoS. The pressure increases less than the energy density close to the critical temperature, because only the energy density ‘jumps’. Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) calculations on lattices show indeed a softening of the EoS at temperatures in the transition region between pion gas and QGP. It is not yet settled whether QCD at finite temperature exhibits a true phase transition or just a rapid cross-over between the two phases. On the hadronic side, the softening is expected from the many resonance degrees of freedom which are getting populated at temperatures ≥ 140 MeV (resonance matter). The density of hadronic resonance states increases nearly exponentially with mass — a feature of QCD which is linked to its confinement property. Amuzingly, already at temperatures around 160 MeV hadronic matter becomes so dense due to the resonance excitations that hadrons tend to overlap and quarks may become deconfined.
Equal Opportunity to Meaningful Competitions: Disability Rights and Justice in Sports

This paper explores the questions of equality and social justice for people with disabilities in sports and, by extension, other civil societal practices that involve the pursuit of excellence. I argue that such practices come within the purview of justice depending on the interplay between political activism, institutionalized anti-discrimination statutes such as the ADA, and the internal norms of a practice. There are many ways to interpret the ADA, and a successful argument for a right to a pursuit of excellence requires that the ADA be understood as an anticaste principle. That interpretation allows me to show how even voluntary, ostensibly apolitical social practices can stigmatize groups of people — people with disabilities, for example — and how such practices can be refigured to bring about social justice.
Review of Atonement

Can we ever have the whole truth when everything is in fact relative to those observing? Do we ever have the whole picture, or do we just see what we want to see? Atonement raises questions about t...
The Synthesis of a Deoxyribonucleic Acid Polymer of Alternating Base Sequence from a Deoxyribonucleic Acid-Ribonucleic Acid Hybrid Template

Abstract The deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase from Escherichia coli has been found capable of using as a template a deoxyribonucleic acid-ribonucleic acid hybrid polymer which has alternating thymine and hypoxanthine residues on the deoxyribose strand and alternating adenine and cytosine residues on the ribose strand. The DNA polymer prepared from this hybrid template has properties similar to those of a double stranded DNA polymer with alternating thymine and guanine residues on one strand and alternating adenine and cytosine residues on the other strand. The DNA-RNA hybrid polymer was prepared by the action of the E. coli RNA polymerase on a single stranded DNA polymer obtained by deamination of the previously studied DNA polymer with alternating adenine and thymine residues. The priming ability of the DNA-RNA hybrid polymer was similar to that of the DNA polymer which was prepared from the hybrid template.
Strange Bedfellows: How and When to Work with Your Enemy

There are many examples of parties that are seemingly in opposition working together. In this position paper, we explore this in the context of security protocols with an emphasis on how these examples might produce long-term benefits for the “good guys” and how a formal model might be used to help prescribe approaches to collaboration with the “bad guys.”
Synthesis of rac-(1R,4aR,9aR)-2-methyl-1,3,4,9a-tetrahydro-2H-1,4a-propanobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-6-ol. An unusual double rearrangement leading to the ortho- and para–f oxide-bridged phenylmorphan isomers

In an attempt to obtain the para-f isomer, rac-(1R,4aR,9aR)-2-methyl-1,3,4,9a-tetrahydro-2H-1,4a-propanobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-6-ol, via mesylation of an intermediate 9α-hydroxyphenylmorphan, we obtained, instead, a rearranged chloro compound with a 5-membered nitrogen ring, 7-chloro-3a-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-methyl-octahydroindole. This indole underwent a second rearrangement to give us the desired para-f isomer. The structures of the intermediate indole and the final product were unequivocally established by X-ray crystallography. A resynthesis of the known rac-(1R,4aR,9aR)-2-methyl-1,3,4,9a-tetrahydro-2H-1,4a-propanobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-8-ol, the ortho-f isomer, was achieved using the reaction conditions for the para-f isomer, as well as under Mitsunobu reaction conditions where, unusually, the oxide-bridge ring in the 5-phenylmorphan was closed to obtain the desired product. The synthesis of the para-f isomer adds an additional compound to those oxide-bridged phenylmorphans that were initially visualized and synthesized; the establishment of the structure and configuration of 8 of the theoretically possible 12 racemates has now been achieved. The X-ray crystallographic structure analysis of the para-f isomer provides essential data that will be needed to establish the configuration of a ligand necessary to interact with an opioid receptor.
Creole Genesis and the Acquisition of Grammar: The Case of Haitian Creole

Creole Genesis and the Acquisition of Grammar The Case of Haitian Creole. Claire Lefebvre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. 461 pp.
Absolute oxygen R1e imaging in vivo with pulse electron paramagnetic resonance.

Purpose Tissue oxygen (O2) levels are among the most important and most quantifiable stimuli to which cells and tissues respond through inducible signaling pathways. Tumor O2 levels are major determinants of the response to cancer therapy. Developing more accurate measurements and images of tissue O2 partial pressure (pO2), assumes enormous practical, biological, and medical importance. Methods We present a fundamentally new technique to image pO2 in tumors and tissues with pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging enabled by an injected, nontoxic, triaryl methyl (trityl) spin probe whose unpaired electron's slow relaxation rates report the tissue pO2. Heretofore, virtually all in vivo EPR O2 imaging measures pO2 with the transverse electron spin relaxation rate, R2e, which is susceptible to the self-relaxation confounding O2 sensitivity. Results We found that the trityl electron longitudinal relaxation rate, R1e, is an order of magnitude less sensitive to confounding self-relaxation. R1e imaging has greater accuracy and brings EPR O2 images to an absolute pO2 image, within uncertainties. Conclusion R1e imaging more accurately determines oxygenation of cancer and normal tissue in animal models than has been available. It will enable enhanced, rapid, noninvasive O2 images for understanding oxygen biology and the relationship of oxygenation patterns to therapy outcome in living animal systems. Magn Reson Med 72:362–368, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design for automating the inspection of manufacturing parts

Abstract The integration of quality into management of advanced manufacturing systems has not typically included automated approaches. With the advent of automated inspection and quality tools such as coordinate measuring machines and other dimensional measuring equipment, the linkage with integrated manufacturing systems seems natural. This paper shows the functional relationship of computer aided process planning to automated inspection process planning. The series of functional activities within each of these frameworks are mapped in this paper. The operational environment to include computer aided quality control in an integrated manufacturing system is also defined.
Securing desired outcomes from interdisciplinary case presentations

The effectiveness of a case-based clinical correlations course is reported with a model for successful implementation of such courses. Student evaluations of the Integrative Clinical Correlations (ICC) in the first year curriculum of the College of Human Medicine at Michigan State University were studied. Students rated sessions as helpful and relevant to basic science as well as demonstrating the relationship to clinical practice. They report relying on targeted courses to understand the ICC sessions but they also relied on unintended courses. Thus the ICC promoted integration of basic sciences. Logistic regression and qualitative analysis contributed to the development of a model for successful ICC-like sessions. The correlation should be case-based and presented by a clinician with a basic scientist at a level that matches student understanding. The topic should be selected to correlate with concurrent or prior courses. A patient should be present to discuss his or her experience with the condition und...
Maternal depression and comorbidity: predicting early parenting, attachment security, and toddler social-emotional problems and competencies.

ABSTRACT Objective To examine relations between maternal depression (in pure and comorbid forms) and mother–infant interactions, infant attachment, and toddler social-emotional problems and competencies. A second objective was to explore sex differences. Method Sixty-nine mother–infant dyads were followed from pregnancy to 30 months postpartum. Depression was measured at multiple times with self-report and interview assessments. Play was assessed at 4 months and attachment status at 14 months postpartum. At 30 months, mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist and Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment. Results Lifetime maternal depression predicted less optimal mother–infant interactions and insecure infant attachment. However, this “depression effect” was accounted for by mothers with comorbid diagnoses, who had less optimal interactions, and infants with higher rates of insecurity than either mothers with depression only or mothers with no psychopathology. Prenatal and postpartum depressive symptoms were associated with problem behaviors and lower competencies for boys. In contrast, quality of early interactions predicted problem behaviors in girls. Conclusions It is important to examine the context of maternal depression with respect to additional psychopathology and environmental risks. Maternal depression in the presence of other psychopathology confers risk to the mother–child dyad. Consistent with previous work, risk pathways appear to differ for boys and girls. Early identification and prevention efforts are warranted.
Abstract 3776: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) has a prometastatic effect in uveal melanoma .

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Melanomas arising from the uveal tract of the eye represent the most frequent primary intraocular malignancy in adults and are the second most common type of melanoma. Uveal melanomas are prone to disseminate hematogenously to the liver, and have an overall survival rate of approximately 50%. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), a master transcriptional regulator of the hypoxic response, is strongly associated with aggressive uveal melanomas. Elevated expression of one of the HIF target gene lysyl oxidase (LOX) has been found at the invasive front of primary tumors, and is associated with shorter metastasis-free survival. Here we investigated the mechanism responsible for the prometastatic effect of HIF1α in uveal melanoma. Western blot examination of HIF1α and HIF2α proteins in uveal melanoma cell lines grown in normoxia (21% pO2) and in hypoxia (1% pO2) revealed HIF2α to be low. In contrast, HIF1α protein was relatively abundant in the OCM1, OCM3, OMM1, Mel290 and 92.1 uveal melanoma lines grown in normoxia, and was further induced by up to 5 fold in hypoxia. The mRNA levels of VEGF and LOX, two transcriptional targets of HIF1α, were also induced by 2 to 4 fold in hypoxia. Interestingly, while hypoxia reduced the growth of these lines as measured by MTS assay, low oxygen tension increased the ability of uveal melanoma cells to invade Matrigel by 2 to 5 fold. Genetic suppression of HIF1α expression through shRNA in OCM1 and 92.1 cells significantly decreased cellular growth in hypoxia (p<0.0001) and greatly impaired cellular invasion both in normoxia and in hypoxia (p<0.0001), suggesting that HIF1α is necessary for invasion even under normoxic conditions. In order to determine the downstream targets responsible for such profound effect of HIF1α on cellular invasion, we examined expression of Notch pathway members, which we have previously linked to uveal melanoma invasion. Interestingly, hypoxia induced mRNA expression of the Notch ligand Jag2 and target Hey1 by up to 3 fold. We also analyzed the expression of Snail, which is known to promote invasion and metastasis of tumors outside the eye, and which can be regulated by HIF1α. We observed more than 2 fold increase of Snail mRNA levels under hypoxic conditions in OCM1 cells, and this induction was abolished by suppressing HIF1α using shRNA. These data suggest that HIF1α plays a crucial role in promoting metastatic spread in uveal melanoma cells, possibly by regulating Notch activity or expression of the Snail transcription factor. Citation Format: Laura Asnaghi, Michael H. Lin, Kah Suan Lim, Kah Jing Lim, Eli E. Bar, Charles G. Eberhart. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) has a prometastatic effect in uveal melanoma . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3776. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3776
Accuracy and Efficiency of Determining Urinary Calculi Composition Using Dual-energy Computed Tomography Compared With Hounsfield Unit Measurements for Practicing Physicians

Objective To compare speed and accuracy for determining urinary calculi composition between dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) and Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements of calculi by a set of reviewers at varying levels of training and practice. Materials and Methods Sixteen patients with known stone composition were randomly selected. Fourteen reviewers of varying levels of practice interpreted DECT and HU images from the selected patients to predict stone composition in 2 sessions (day 1: tutorial or flow sheet available for image interpretation and day 2: tutorial or flow sheet not available). Reviewers recorded HU values, stone color, and predicted stone composition as they were timed. Accuracy of image interpretation, determination of calculi composition, and interpretation time were compared. Results DECT accuracy: image interpretation 100% (day 1) and 94% (day 2); predicted stone composition: 100% (day 1) and 73% (day 2). Mean interpretation time was the same for both days, 21 seconds per study (range, 11-40 seconds). HU accuracy: image interpretation 97% (day 1) and 91% (day 2); predicted stone composition was 45% accurate on both days. Mean interpretation time was 53 seconds per study (range, 28-79 seconds) and 41 seconds per study (range, 19-71 seconds) on days 1 and 2, respectively. Overall accuracy of determination of stone composition and interpretation time for DECT were essentially double those of the HU images (87% vs 45% and 21 vs 47 seconds, respectively). Reviewer's experience level did not affect accuracy or speed. Conclusion DECT is easier to learn, faster to interpret, and more accurate than HU in determining urinary calculi composition for physicians at various levels of training and practice.
She shall overcome: Overtures to the Trickster heroine

Abstract With the growth of the woman's movement in the 1970s and the new attention being given to children's literature, the image of the woman in folktales became a subject for serious consideration. Feminists objected to her stereotyped depictions as passive princess or wicked witch, with little in between. However, the depiction of the woman in folktales has seldom been clearly realized; her role in the tale has been oversimplified and she has been denied motivation and intention. Particularly slighted has been the consideration of the female in American folktales. Such a consideration reveals that while she is often a victim, her independence, moral conviction and active intellect frequently show her to be stronger and certainly more admirable that those who oppress her. While the woman may often submit to others' demands, her behavior may be explained as the only means she has to survive or as the best means she has to subvert an uncompromising system. Admittedly, open rebellion is impossible, subject as woman is to cruel and even lascivious fathers and to the brutal or merely thoughtless whims of lovers and husbands. Yet, even in tales where woman is dominated and oppressed, she may be able to manipulate the forces that deny her freedom, may be able to struggle towards a selfhood. That selfhood becomes evident in her role as witch and even in her roles as ghost and spirit. In addition, when other tales are examined (not in the province of this paper), the female in American folktales emerges as ‘The Trickster Heroine.’ This paper concentrates on the tales which emphasize the need for her transformation and suggest the wit and wiliness she has that will enable her to become this ‘heroine’.
Parametric Analysis of RNA Branching Configurations

Motivated by recent work in parametric sequence alignment, we study the parameter space for scoring RNA folds and construct an RNA polytope. A vertex of this polytope corresponds to RNA secondary structures with common branching. We use this polytope and its normal fan to study the effect of varying three parameters in the free energy model that are not determined experimentally. Our results indicate that variation of these specific parameters does not have a dramatic effect on the structures predicted by the free energy model. We additionally map a collection of known RNA secondary structures to the RNA polytope.
Die Spektren des Rubins

Im Anschlus an die Arbeiten VonThilo undJander wird das kontinuierliche Absorptions- und das rote Fluoreszenzspektrum des Rubins in Abhangigkeit von der Chromkonzentration zwischen Null und 100 Mol- % Chromgehalt photographisch-photometrisch untersucht. Der vonThilo undJander beobachtete Farbumschlag von Rot auf Grun bei steigendem Chromgehalt wird auf eine Verschiebung der Lage der kontinuierlichen Absorptionen zuruckgefuhrt. Gleichzeitig zeigt sich starke Konzentrationsloschung der roten Fluoreszenz. Es werden einige Schlusfolgerungen hinsichtlich der im Rubin auftretenden Prozesse aus den bis jetzt bekannten Tatsachen gezogen.
Fast burst firing and short-term synaptic plasticity: a model of neocortical chattering neurons.

Abstract We present an ionic conductance model of chattering neurons in the neocortex, which fire fast rhythmic bursts in the gamma frequency range (∼40 Hz) in response to stimulation [Gray C. M. and McCormick D. A. (1996) Science274, 109–113]. The bursting mechanism involves a “ping-pong” interplay between soma-to-dendrite back propagation of action potentials and an afterdepolarization generated by a persistent dendritic Na+ current and a somatic Na+ window current. The oscillation period is primarily determined by a slowly inactivating K+ channel and passive membrane properties. The model behavior is compared quantitatively with the experimental data. It is shown that the cholinergic muscarinic receptor activation can transform the model cell's firing pattern from tonic spiking to rapid bursting, as a possible pathway for acetylcholine to promote 40-Hz oscillations in the visual cortex. To explore possible functions of fast burst firing in the neocortex, a hypothetical neural pair is simulated, where a chattering cell is presynaptic to an inhibitory interneuron via stochastic synapses. For this purpose, we use a synapse model endowed with a low release probability, short-term facilitation and vesicle depletion. This synapse model reproduces the behavior of certain neocortical pyramid-to-interneuron synapses [Thomson A. M.et al. (1993) Neuroscience54, 347–360]. We showed that the burstiness of cell firing is required for the rhythmicity to be reliably transmitted to the postsynaptic cell via unreliable synapses, and that fast burst firing of chattering neurons can provide an exceptionally powerful drive for recruiting feedback inhibition in cortical circuits. From these results, we propose that the fast rhythmic burst firing of neocortical chattering neurons is generated by a calcium-independent ionic mechanism. Our simulation results on the neural pair highlight the importance of characterizing the short-term plasticity of the synaptic connections made by chattering cells, in order to understand their putative pacemaker role in synchronized gamma oscillations of the visual cortex.
Predicting effects of best management practices on sediment loads to improve watershed management in the midwest, USA

Abstract Targeted implementation of agricultural best management practices (BMPs) to reduce non‐point source pollution is the most recent strategy to improve U.S. surface waters. Little empirical evidence exists documenting effectiveness of U.S. BMP programs at the basin‐scale. This knowledge gap hampers the ability of future programs to adapt implementation strategies. Additionally, U.S. agencies may lack sufficient knowledge of upstream processes necessary to plan enhancement of downstream large rivers. This study used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a deterministic hydrologic model, to predict reduction of sediment erosion and transport over a 30‐year period due to grass and woody‐riparian establishment on cropland in the La Moine River Basin, U.S.A. Mean annual sediment reduction due to BMPs was predicted to be 3.6% at the downstream watershed gage. Identification of sediment sources in this watershed based on predicted hillslope erosion indicated a cost‐effective strategy to reduce sedimen...
Maximizing the benefits of mycophenolate mofetil as graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis.

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a noncytotoxic immunosuppressive, widely used in organ and hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). MMF is selective in its suppression of lymphocytes rather than myeloid cells, resulting in a more favorable toxicity profile, which enables faster engraftment and less cytotoxicity, specifically mucositis, and is often the preferred graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in allogeneic HCT, particularly with reduced-intensity conditioning. Al-Kadhimi et al. recently report on their experience with MMF and tacrolimus for GVHD prophylaxis in a large cohort of patients undergoing HCT [1]. They deserve commendation for reporting the largest cohort of patients to date treated with a uniform MMF-based GVHD prevention regimen in allogeneic HCT. However, they report an unacceptably high incidence of severe (grade III and IV) acute GVHD in both sibling donor and unrelated donor cohorts (22.3% and 36.5%, respectively). A recent Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research study has also raised a question of efficacy with MMF as GVHD prophylaxis in reduced-intensity unrelated donor transplantations, with a significantly higher likelihood of developing acute GVHD using MMF compared withmethotrexate-based GVHD regimens [2]. In contrast, we previously presented, in abstract form, our retrospective experience with MMF in myeloablative sibling donor transplantations (n1⁄4 114), with an incidence of grade II to IV acute GVHD of 34% and severe grades III and IV GVHD of 12%, and 3-year nonrelapse mortality of 25%. Only 15% and 21% of
Probiotics for the treatment of Clostridium difficile associated disease.

The purpose of this review paper is to update the current and potential future role of probiotics for Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD). Included in this review, is an update on the testing of newer probiotics (e.g., Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086) in animal models of CDAD. There is a focus on the modulation of signal transduction pathways (i.e., transcription factors like cAMP response element-binding, activator protein 1, and nuclear factor kappa B), as well as the inhibition of certain kinases (e.g., p38 mitogen activated protein kinases) by probiotics. Inhibition of signal transduction by probiotics, such as Saccharomyces boulardii, result in multiple effects on intestinal fluid secretion, neutrophil influx into the colon, inflammation, and colonocyte apoptosis that may positively impact CDAD. Recent clinical approaches with probiotics, for the prevention of primary and recurrent CDAD, are also summarized in this review paper. Future directions for the treatment of CDAD by probiotics are also mentioned in this review. In particular, the use of multi-strain probiotic formulations such as Ecologic® AAD and VSL #3® may represent a rationale pharmacological approach, particularly as adjunctive therapies for CDAD. Understanding the mechanistic basis of CDAD, and how probiotics interfere at ceratin steps in the pathogenic process, may also present the opportunity to design other multi-strain probiotics that could have a future impact on CDAD.
Electron capture phenomena in proton-atom and proton-molecule collisions

Abstract Electron capture of protons, in a wide energy range, has been investigated both experimentally and theoretically by many investigators using atomic and molecular targets. Agreement between theory and experiment is very good to excellent, for cases involving atomic targets. We have observed that the additivity principle, that the electron capture cross section from the molecule is the sum of the contributions from the atomic constituents of the molecule, is violated. We have developed a reasonable model to explain the breakdown, which also yielded the “atomic” capture cross sections. In a very recent work, further support for the molecular dependence of the cross sections have also been provided.
Experiments on axially distributed three-dimensional imaging techniques

The utilization of three-dimensional imaging in science, defense, and industry is becoming increasingly relevant. Lowcost approaches (through appropriate choice of imagers) integrated with fast computer processing speed, allow threedimensional reconstruction of target objects to become readily accessible. Among techniques in 3D image reconstruction, Axially Distributed Sensing (ADS) utilizes elemental images captured only along the sensor's optical axis, greatly simplifying the procedure for proper three-dimensional reconstruction. Axially Distributed Sensing is procedurally different than conventional Integral Imaging techniques (in which sensor(s) are positioned transversely along the field of view), yet fundamentally related through the use of multiple elemental images and geometric optics. More interestingly, three-dimensional image reconstruction allows the imaging of target objects behind occlusions, or in front of difficult (to optically separate) backgrounds. It will be shown that two primary techniques can be utilized in axially distributed sensing to capture the elemental image information needed for reconstruction. This will be demonstrated in a controlled laboratory environment.
Ventricular Tachycardias Mimicking Those Arising from the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract

RVOT VT Mimics. Introduction: Ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) arising from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) has proven highly successful, yet VTs with similar ECG features may originate outside the RVOT. Methods and Results: We reviewed the clinical, echocardiographic, and ECG; findings of 29 consecutive patients referred for ablation of monomorphic VT having a left bundle branch block pattern in lead V1 and tall monophasic R waves inferiorly. Nineteen patients (group A) had VTs ablated from the RVOT, and 10 patients (group B) had VTs that could not be ablated from the RVOT. The QRS morphology during VT or frequent ventricular premature complexes was the only variable that distinguished the two groups. During the target arrhythmia, ECGs of group B patients displayed earlier precordial transition zones (median V3 vs V5; P < 0.001), more rightward axes (90 ± 4 vs 83 ± 5; P = 0.002), taller R waves inferiorly (aVF: 1.9 ± 1.0 vs 2.4 ± 0.5; P = 0.020) and small R waves in lead V1 (10/10 vs 9/19; P = 0.011). Radiofrequency catheter ablation from the RVOT failed to eliminate VT in any group B patient, hut ablation from the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) eliminated VT in 2 of 6 patients in whom left ventricular ablation was attempted. Conclusion: The absence of an R wave in lead V1 and a late precordial transition zone suggest an RVOT origin of VT, whereas an early precordial transition zone characterizes VTs that mimic an RVOT origin. The latter VTs occasionally can be ablated from the LVOT. Recognition of these ECG features may help the physician advise patients and direct one's approach to ablation.
Terrestrial malacocoenoses of the monastery park in Henryków near Ząbkowice Śląskie (SW. Poland)

ABSTRACT: The malacofauna sampled at 10 sites in Henrykow includes 45 species, with 13–32 (mean 21) species per site; similarity between the sites (Nei) ranges from 0.28 to 0.79, Whittaker’s indices are: Iw 2.14 and Imax 1.41. Overall similarity between the communities from Henrykow and from the nature reserve Muszkowicki Las Bukowy, 5 km away, is 0.75. The nature reserve malacocoenosis is richer (total of 48 species, with 31–37 species per site and mean of 34.5), similarity between the four examined sites is higher (0.79–0.92), and the between-site heterogeneity – lower (Iw 1.22, Imax 1.14). The dominance and frequency structure differs between the two malacocoenoses: in Henrykow species of the highest F × D values are (in the order of importance): Balea biplicata, Perforatella incarnata, Bradybaena fruticum, Carychium tridentatum, Aegopinella minor, Discus rotundatus, D. perspectivus, Aegopinella pura, Helix pomatia and Perforatella bidentata, in Muszkowice Carychium tridentatum, Balea biplicata, Discus perspectivus, D. rotundatus, Aegopinella pura, Ae. minor, Macrogastra plicatula, Columella edentula, Acicula polita and Perforatella incarnata. Acicula polita, Succinea oblonga, Ena montana, Arion silvaticus, Vitrea diaphana, Daudebardia rufa, Cochlodina laminata, Macrogastra ventricosa, Clausilia pumila, Bulgarica cana, Perforatella vicina, Helicodonta obvoluta and Causa holosericum occur only in the nature reserve, Carychium minimum, Succinea putris, Vertigo pusilla, V. substriata, Vallonia costata, Arion circumscriptus, Zonitoides nitidus, Deroceras laeve, Ruthenica filograna and Perforatella rubiginosa are found only in the park. Comparison of the Henrykow malacocoenosis with the communities of other parks in Poland, despite their rather low similarity (0.55–0.67), made it possible to distinguish a community of typically park species which are present in all the studied parks (Succinea putris, Cochlicopa lubrica, Vallonia costata, Discus rotundatus, Arion fasciatus, Vitrina pellucida, Vitrea crystallina, Nesovitrea hammonis, Zonitoides nitidus, Bradybaena fruticum, Perforatella bidentata, P. incarnata, Cepaea hortensis, Helix pomatia). Finding in Henrykow such rare species as Discus perspectivus, Aegopinella epipedostoma, Ruthenica filograna and Deroceras praecox suggests that the park is an important refugium for gastropods.
Transient Performance Improvement in Continuous-time Model Reference Adaptive Control: An L 1 Formulation

This paper presents an L 1 formulation of the transient performance issue in model reference adaptive control. Specifically, it is shown that, in the case of known high frequency gain, the parametric uncertainty can be viewed as an input disturbance. Unlike as in standard L 1 optimal control, this disturbance cannot be apriori assumed to be bounded. Nevertheless, an L 1 optimal controller for the rejection of persistent bounded disturbances is designed, and is shown to be identical to a modified model refererence adaptive control scheme, proposed earlier for achieving performance improvement.
The Medical Image Perception Society Update on Key Issues for Image Perception Research

To guide future investigations, the 2007 Medical Image Perception Society meeting held panel discussions to consider the current state of our knowledge of medical image perception and identify important questions to advance our understanding.
Application of the principle of minimal sensitivity to higher-order processes in quantum chromodynamics

We present the renormalization approach based on Stevenson's principle of minimal sensitivity (PMS) in a graphical form from which the PMS result can be read off for any next-to-leading-order calculation as input. Applications of this approach are made to several processes not previously investigated and a comparison between the PMS approach and other renormalization schemes is made. The PMS approach, when compared to data, yields a strong-interaction scale parameter ..lambda../sub M/S, which is significantly smaller than the one obtained using the modified minimal-subtraction scheme for the processes considered. For these processes, however, the PMS approach is practically identical to the one based on the requirement of fastest apparent convergence.
The effect of ion position on ICR signal strength

Abstract The calculation of the spatial variation in ICR signal intensity is described using maps of electric field intensity due to a potential applied to the detection plate. Signal strength is mapped for several different ICR cell configurations and the variation in signal for ions undergoing magnetron motion is estimated. Signal strength inhomogeneity does not vary much with cell shape, but is much larger with single-ended detection than with differential detection.
Infidelity in Asian Indian Marriages: Implications for Counseling and Psychotherapy:

Although Asian Indians and their families may be generally silent on the topic of infidelity, many of them experience it on a continuing basis. In this article, the authors will discuss several cultural and social factors that might cause or influence a person's experience of infidelity. Several culturally sensitive counseling strategies will be presented that may be used to address the issues relating to infidelity while working with Asian Indian couples and families. It is hoped that familiarity with cultural norms, as well as concerns related to confidentiality could improve a clinician's ability to assess and provide services in a culturally competent manner.
Measurement of Bs Oscillations and CP Violation Results from DØ

Abstract We present a measurement of the B s 0 − B ¯ s 0 oscillation frequency, Δ m s , using a combination of semi-leptonic and hadronic B s decay candidates selected from data collected by the DO Experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron. We also present several results on CP violation, including an improved measurement of the B s CP-violating phase from a flavor-tagged analysis of B s 0 → J / ψ + ϕ decays.
Gravel sediment routing from widespread, low‐ intensity landscape disturbance, Current River Basin, Missouri

During the last 160 years, land-use changes in the Ozarks have had the potential to cause widespread, low-intensity delivery of excess amounts of gravel-sized sediment to stream channels. Previous studies have indicated that this excess gravel bedload is moving in wave-like forms through Ozarks drainage basins. The longitudinal, areal distribution of gravel bars along 160 km of the Current River, Missouri, was evaluated to determine the relative effects of valley-scale controls, tributary basin characteristics, and lagged sediment transport in creating areas of gravel accumulations. The longitudinal distribution of gravel-bar area shows a broad scale wave-like form with increases in gravel-bar area weakly associated with tributary junctions. Secondary peaks of gravel area with 1·8–4·1 km spacing (disturbance reaches) are superimposed on the broad form. Variations in valley width explain some, but not all, of the short-spacing variation in gravel-bar area. Among variables describing tributary drainage basin morphometry, present-day land use and geologic characteristics, only drainage area and road density relate even weakly to gravel-bar areal inventories. A simple, channel network-based sediment routing model shows that many of the features of the observed longitudinal gravel distribution can be replicated by uniform transport of sediment from widespread disturbances through a channel network. These results indicate that lagged sediment transport may have a dominant effect on the synoptic spatial distribution of gravel in Ozarks streams; present-day land uses are only weakly associated with present-day gravel inventories; and valley-scale characteristics have secondary controls on gravel accumulations in disturbance reaches. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimum antenna design for microplasma generation

In the last decade, there has been an increased interest in microplasma properties and applications. Microplasmas have been considered for use in plasma thrusters, displays, and sensors. Microplasmas are small scale plasmas which are typically generated with radio frequency power sources. The small scale of the microplasma requires equally small antennas. The sizing difference can cause difficulties in proper impedance matching for power deposition from the radio. To address this issue, different radio frequency antenna designs were investigated to generate microplasma within a glass capillary tube at the University of Alabama in Huntsville's Johnson Research Center. The experiment setup uses a multi-frequency radio, high power amplifier, and T-type matching network. The test antennas were attached to the output to provide the radio signal to the atmospheric gas inside the glass tube. The test antenna design variations include dipole and monopole configurations. Antenna materials varied in the investigation. Copper and steel wires of various gages were used to form different length coils to surround the gas tube. Shield and pin antenna designs were also explored. The standing wave ratio is used to determine the antenna's effectiveness. A low standing wave ratio value, close to 1, indicates a low voltage is reflected back to the source and the antenna has the most power being directed to microplasma generation. The best antenna designs were determined based on microplasma production and standing wave ratio value. The shield and pin antenna design successfully generated a microplasma. This result is consistent with the use of copper and stainless steel shields and a 4-40 threaded pin. The shield and pin design is the most successful because it directs the radio frequency consistently to the pin without any loss that may found in a helix design. The central pin acts as a sacrificial surface for the microplasma to generate from.
Developing A Communications IC Design Curriculum

Communications integrated circuits is a somewhat interdisciplinary area of research and development, and a somewhat interdisciplinary instructional area as well. Circuit design of communications circuits requires a good background in basic circuit design and analysis, electronic circuit design and analysis, active devices, especially CMOS devices, design and analysis of CMOS integrated circuits, design and analysis of RF integrated circuits, and a good working knowledge of specialized software for IC design and layout. Clearly, knowledge is also necessary in communications systems theory and signal processing. Given initial expertise in communications systems theory, signal processing, and circuit design, but with little collaboration among the three areas, this paper attempts to address the requirements that are necessary to develop a communications IC design research program and curriculum. The questions addressed include: (1) How should existing courses perhaps be modified to stress collaboration? (2) What new courses are perhaps required? (3) What software tools are essential? (4) What lab equipment is needed? The goal of such a development program is to attempt to address critical issues up front during the initial phase so as to be able to make long range plans for growth and development in this area. Part of this initial phase is to identify subjects and research projects that are the easiest to begin with, with prospects of good results. In addition, plans need to be in place for growth and development.
Nutrition and chemosensory perception in the elderly

Abstract The elderly person's perception of foods and food flavor is affected by age‐associated changes in the chemical senses (taste, smell, and trigeminal sensation). Both classic and modern psychophysical techniques have been applied to achieve some understanding of these changes. Taste threshold sensitivity declines with age; however, the magnitude of the decline and the degree to which taste qualities are differentially affected remains to be understood. Suprathreshold taste intensity perception is affected by age, but there is a differential effect of taste quality. Experiments with blended foods have indicated that both olfactory and taste deficits contribute to older people's difficulty with food identification. Experiments assessing threshold sensitivity, suprathreshold intensity, and suprathreshold identification have all demonstrated significant impairment in olfaction in old age. In fact, these effects are far greater than in the taste system. Patients with Alzheimer's disease show even greate...
The effect of hypophysectomy upon cholinesterase activity in the forelimbs of regenerating adult Notophthalmus newts

Abstract In order to study endocrine influence upon cholinesterase activity during regeneration, adult newts were hypophysectomized either prior to limb transection or during regeneration. Homogenates of limb tissues were assayed for cholinesterase activity during each stage of regeneration. In animals with pituitaries intact, cholinesterase activity in regenerating limb tissues decreases soon after amputation, and then it rises to the level of activity in intact limbs of normal animals, during the period of differentiation. In hypophysectomized newts there seems to be no alteration of this basic pattern of activity, but removal of the pituitary does result in more elevated levels of enzymatic activity. In the intact forelimbs of control newts undergoing regeneration, cholinesterase activity greatly increases as the other transected limb begins to regenerate but it returns to normal as regeneration progresses. If these animals are hypophysectomized, no such increase is observed during the early stages of regeneration. Rather, there is an initial decrease in cholinesterase activity that is followed by an increase in such activity. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that the pituitary modulates cholinesterase activity in the limb tissues of adult newts.
A note on the equilibrium relationship between ammonia and nitric acid and particulate ammonium nitrate

Abstract Theoretical predictions of the atmospheric equilibrium involving gaseous ammonia and nitric acid and solid ammonium nitrate are compared with atmospheric measurements of ammonia and nitric acid concentrations reported by Spicer (1974) at West Covina, California. Qualitative agreement between the equilibrium constant and the product of the measured NH3 and HNO3 concentrations is found.
Model for Chemotaxis

Abstract The chemotactic response of unicellular microscopic organisms is viewed as analogous to Brownian motion. Local assessments of chemical concentrations made by individual cells give rise to fluctuations in path. When averaged over many cells, or a long time interval, a macroscopic flux is derived which is proportional to the chemical gradient. By way of illustration, the coefficients appearing in the macroscopic flux equations are calculated for a particular microscopic model.
Erratum to “Simultaneous PET–MRI in oncology: A solution looking for a problem?” [Magn Reson Imaging 30 (2012):1342–1356]

a Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA b Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA c Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA d Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA e Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA f Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA g Department of Radiology, Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA h Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA i Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA j Department of Cardiology, Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA k Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
Physical and chemical injury as causes of sudden cardiac death: the forensic forum

Physical and chemical injuries account for the largest number of sudden, unexpected cardiac deaths in persons between the ages of 1 and 44 years. Blunt-force injuries, lacerations, avulsions, and contusions of the heart and great vessels sustained during motor vehicle crashes constitute the most prevalent type of lethal physical trauma to the cardiovascular system. The second most prevalent type of trauma is from penetrating and perforating wounds inflicted by firearms. The mechanisms of these injuries are discussed, with emphasis placed on those factors contributing to lethality. The three most prevalent chemicals associated with sudden cardiac death-ethyl alcohol, cocaine, and tricylic antidepressants-are briefly mentioned.