cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Field evaluation of a personal cascade impactor sampler (PCIS)

Abstract This paper presents the field evaluation of a personal cascade impactor sampler (PCIS). PCIS is a miniaturized cascade impactor, consisting of four impaction stages, followed by an after-filter. Particles are separated in the following aerodynamic particle diameter ranges: 2 O (2.7 kPa). For field evaluation, the PCIS was collocated with other samplers including the micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI), scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) in Los Angeles and Claremont, CA. PCIS and MOUDI agree very well for coarse particulate matter (PM) (PM 2.5−10 ) mass concentrations. The fine PM (PM 2.5 ) mass as measured by PCIS is in excellent agreement with SMPS–APS measurement (∼1.02 times) and slightly higher (∼1.1 times) than the MOUDI measurements. Time-integrated (size fractionated) PM 2.5 mass, inorganic ions (nitrate and sulfate), elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) concentrations obtained with PCIS and MOUDI were found to be in very good agreement with few differences in the 2.5 nitrate and total carbon measurements by PCIS and MOUDI using the ADI and Sunset labs monitors are in close agreement for all size fractions, indicating that any differences between MOUDI and PCIS measurements for time-integrated data might be due to artifacts associated with long-term sampling and not to differences in individual cut-points. The performance of the PCIS was also evaluated in wind tunnel tests at wind speeds up to 8 km/h. These tests showed that particle sampling efficiency and separation characteristics of the PCIS are unaffected by the wind speeds for particles up to 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter.
Visual-field deficits associated with proton beam irradiation for parapapillary choroidal melanoma.

Purpose: A large series of patients treated with proton irradiation for parapapillary Choroidal melanoma were reviewed retrospectively to determine the frequency of radiation papillopathy and visual-field loss after treatment. Methods: Among 249 patients treated with proton irradiation for parapapillary Choroidal melanoma, the authors identified 59 patients who had visual-field testing performed before treatment and at least 18 months after treatment. The visual fields, color fundus photographs, and charts were reviewed to determine the prevalence of radiation papillopathy and visual-field loss after treatment. Results: Nineteen of the 59 patients reviewed (31%)received a clinical diagnosis of radiation papillopathy. Progressive visual-field loss, defined as enlargement of absolute scotoma of less than or equal to 30° as compared with the pretreatment visual field, was noted in 67% of patients with radiation papillopathy and 73% of patients without papillopathy. In both groups, visual-field loss correlated with the area of the retina predicted to be exposed to irradiation in the majority of patients. Conclusions: Progressive visual-field loss is common after proton irradiation for parapapillary Choroidal melanoma. However, the scotoma usually correlates with the area of the retina exposed to irradiation. The development of radiation papillopathy does not appear to be associated with additional visual-field defects in most cases.
Recent advances in electroluminescent displays applicable to future crew-station interfaces

The operative principles and progress to date on producing thin-film electroluminescent displays (TFEL) are discussed. TFEL displays consist of conductive, insulating and phosphor film layers deposited on a glass substrate. Applying a 200 V potential between the rows and columns in a multiplexed mode causes light to be emitted. Varying the voltage varies the grey level. The panels provide adequate contrast in full sunlight, and have demanded only 4-6 W for 15 sq in. displays. Alphanumeric, graphics, and video images have been generated with a 51 line by 80 character display. The upper limit on the panel size has not yet been defined. Efforts are under way to produce multicolor displays using red and blue phosphors. Trial units are being studied for avionics displays for, e.g., navigation, multipurpose displays, and attitude/direction indicators.
Beliefs versus Lived Experience: Gender Differences in Catholic College Students' Attitudes Concerning Premarital Sex and Contraception

ABSTRACT In April 2003, the researchers conducted a survey of undergraduate students living in residence halls at Loyola University Chicago. The survey contained twenty statements on issues currently discussed in the religious circles, especially the Catholic Church. The majority of both Catholic males and Catholic females disagreed with the statements, “Having sex before being married is wrong,” and “Using artificial birth control (the pill, condoms, etc.) is wrong.” Catholics in total were less likely than other religious to agree with the statement on premarital sex. While Catholics were more likely than other Christians to agree with the statement on birth control, agreement on the statement was still only 25% for Catholic males and 12% for Catholic females. It would seem that, as the literature has also suggested, the majority Catholic college students do not turn to the Church to influence their opinions on these issues; rather, they rely on their own lived experiences and the larger secular culture...
Phase II trial of MVE-II in metastic malignant melanoma

MVE-II, a low molecular weight fraction of pyran copolymer was utilized in a Phase II trial in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. A total of 15 patients were investigated and no clinical responses or immunologic responses were observed. We concluded that MVE-II is not an active agent in malignant melanoma.
Myostatin inhibition in muscle, but not adipose tissue, decreases fat mass and improves insulin sensitivity.

Myostatin (Mstn) is a secreted growth factor expressed in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue that negatively regulates skeletal muscle mass. Mstn−/− mice have a dramatic increase in muscle mass, reduction in fat mass, and resistance to diet-induced and genetic obesity. To determine how Mstn deletion causes reduced adiposity and resistance to obesity, we analyzed substrate utilization and insulin sensitivity in Mstn−/− mice fed a standard chow. Despite reduced lipid oxidation in skeletal muscle, Mstn−/− mice had no change in the rate of whole body lipid oxidation. In contrast, Mstn−/− mice had increased glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity as measured by indirect calorimetry, glucose and insulin tolerance tests, and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. To determine whether these metabolic effects were due primarily to the loss of myostatin signaling in muscle or adipose tissue, we compared two transgenic mouse lines carrying a dominant negative activin IIB receptor expressed specifically in adipocytes or skeletal muscle. We found that inhibition of myostatin signaling in adipose tissue had no effect on body composition, weight gain, or glucose and insulin tolerance in mice fed a standard diet or a high-fat diet. In contrast, inhibition of myostatin signaling in skeletal muscle, like Mstn deletion, resulted in increased lean mass, decreased fat mass, improved glucose metabolism on standard and high-fat diets, and resistance to diet-induced obesity. Our results demonstrate that Mstn−/− mice have an increase in insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake, and that the reduction in adipose tissue mass in Mstn−/− mice is an indirect result of metabolic changes in skeletal muscle. These data suggest that increasing muscle mass by administration of myostatin antagonists may be a promising therapeutic target for treating patients with obesity or diabetes.
Society of University Surgeons mentorship: fostering personal relationships.

I WOULD LIKE TO THANK YOU, the membership of the Society of University Surgeons (SUS), for allowing me to serve as your President for 2010–2011. It has been a tremendous honor and a privilege, especially to be included with the likes of distinguished past presidents of the society. I am forever appreciative for having had this opportunity. Throughout my career, I have received tremendous support from my family, friends, and colleagues, and for that, I am eternally grateful. Obviously, without them, I wouldn’t be here today. From my interactions with so many other phenomenal mentors, including Drs Courtney Townsend, the late James C. Thompson, David Herndon, B. Mark Evers, Dan Beauchamp, and Moritz M. Ziegler, I want to discuss the importance of the SUS Mentorship: Fostering personal relationship for future success. In brief, I want to (1) review how strong past SUS mentorship has shaped and influenced our society of today, (2) discuss some of the current challenges that we are faced with in our efforts to sustain and promote the mission of our society, and (3) propose strategies to reinvigorate mentorship to our young surgeon-scientists for the future prosperity of our society as well as academic surgery in general.
Bridging of an Isolated Polymer Chain

Lattice Monte Carlo simulations are used to analyze a single polymer chain in good solvent confined between two adsorbing walls. Results are reported for the number and size distribution of bridge ...
The morphology of regenerating peripheral nerves is modulated by the surface microgeometry of polymeric guidance channels

The present study was designed to evaluate the influence of synthetic guidance channel surface microgeometry on morphological patterns of neural regeneration. Tubes with smooth (S), rough (R), or alternating smooth-rough (S/R) or rough-smooth (R/S) inner surfaces but with identical chemical composition and permeability characteristics were used to bridge a 4-mm nerve gap in a transected mouse sciatic nerve. Animals received S and R channels for 1, 2 and 4 weeks and both S/R and R/S channels for 2 and 4 weeks. At 1 week, the S tubes contained a longitudinally oriented fibrin matrix not contacting the channel's smooth inner wall, whereas R tubes featured an unorganized fibrin matrix which, together with fibroblasts and macrophages, had invaded the channel's rough trabecular network. After 4 weeks, S tubes contained discrete, free-floating nerve cables with numerous myelinated and unmyelinated axons surrounded by a thin, continuous epineurial-like layer, whereas R tubes were completely filled with a loose connective tissue stroma with only a few axons. In combined S/R or R/S channels, the general morphological patterns in individual S or R segments were similar to those observed in pure S or R channels, regardless of whether the tube segment was positioned at the proximal or distal nerve end. Proximal smooth channel segments contained discrete cables which abruptly fanned out to completely fill the lumen in distal rough segments. The opposite pattern was observed with proximal rough and distal smooth segments. At 4 weeks, myelinated axons were observed along the entire length of S/R and R/S tubes. These results suggest that the surface microgeometry of guidance channels influences the outcome of peripheral nerve regeneration, potentially by affecting the early arrangement of the fibrin matrix and/or inducing different cellular responses.
Novel substrates for angiotensin I converting enzyme

Homogenous human angiotensin converting enzyme (EC 3.4.15.1) cleaves dipeptides from the C-terminus of substrates containing a free carboxyl group. In this study we demonstrate that peptides containing a C-terminal nitrobenzylamine are also cleaved by the enzyme. The hydrolysis of these substrates is inhibited by the specific converting enzyme inhibitors captopril and MK421 as well as by anti-converting enzyme antibody. Sodium chloride accelerates the rate of hydrolysis forty-fold. The product of the reaction, an amino acid nitrobenzylamide, was identified by thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. These results suggest that the carboxyl group is not an absolute requirement for substrate hydrolysis.
Effects of Violence Against Women in Popular Crime Dramas on Viewers' Attitudes Related to Sexual Violence

In a posttest-only group experimental design, 176 college undergraduates (80 male, 96 female) watched TV crime drama scenes, which included either sexual or physical violence against women, to determine the effects of crime dramas on enjoyment, gender stereotypes, acceptance of the objectification of women, and rape myth acceptance. Male participants who watched sexual violence clips expressed less support for traditional gender stereotypes. There were no significant condition effects for the remaining outcome measures among the male participants except that they perceived the physical violence clips to be the most enjoyable. Results for female participants were mixed. Implications are discussed within the frameworks of social cognitive theory and the potential benefits of well-designed crime dramas to address sexual violence against women.
Intracerebroventricular beta-endorphin increases food intake of rats.

Abstract B-Endorphin (B-END), met-enkepalin (M-ENK), and DAla 2 NMe 5 -met-enkephalinamide were administered intracerebroventricularly to rats and effects on the ingestion of a liquid diet were examined. B-END significantly increased food intake in a half-hour test at a dose of 200 ng/rat. Lower or higher doses did not affect food intake. Neither M-ENK or the synthetic enkephalin analog affected ingestion of the liquid diet. These findings demonstrate rapid action of an endorphin on food intake administered at a lower dose than has previously been reported and suggest a specificity for B-END in the endorphinergically mediated hyperphagic response.
Fractal image compression based on visual perception

Self-similarities, commonly explored in fractal image compression, are usually translated into matches between two pools, the range and the domain blocks, which are different partitions of the same image to be encoded. Simple transformations on the domain blocks are used in order to obtain a better match. A root-mean-square error measure between a range block and a transformed domain block is used in the encoding process to quantify the performance of the matching process and subsequently the quality of the encoded imaged. Alternative measures can be used in fractal image compression to account for human visual perception. Simple strategies, such as block intensity weighting and block texture weighting, reduce perceptual degradation with only very little added computational cost. Weighted error measures in frequency domain, though computationally much more expensive, can provide a more natural model of visual perception such as the direct account for the contrast sensitivity function. A multiscale approach to encode the image details at different resolution is proposed to not only speed up the matching process between the range and the domain blocks but also provide a mechanism for multiscale representation.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A lower bound for r(5, 5)

A K5-free two-coloring of the edges of K42 is described, establishing 43 as a lower bound for R(5, 5).
Ultrasound in Pregnancy

For the emergency physician tasked with evaluating the patient with an obstetric emergency, ultrasound can provide important and potentially life-saving information. Ultrasound of the pregnant patient is unique in that two possible approaches can be used: transabdominal and transvaginal. Another unique feature is that an understanding of developmental anatomy, which changes during pregnancy, is important. Two of the most basic yet important uses of ultrasound in the pregnant patient are to provide information concerning the gestational age of the pregnancy and the fetal heart rate. Ultrasound has a major role in the diagnosis and management of the patient with a suspected ectopic pregnancy.
Effect of chronic bradykinin B2 receptor blockade on blood pressure of conscious Dahl salt-resistant rats

In this study 3 protocols were utilized to determine the role of endogenous kinins in the resistance of the inbred Dahl (Rapp) salt-resistant (SR/Jr) rats to high salt diet-induced blood pressure elevation. The bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist, Hoe 140 (D-Arg[Hyp3, Thi5, D-Tic7, Oic8]-bradykinin) at doses of either 10–20 or 20–40 nmol day−1 (subcutaneously (s.c), via osmotic minipumps, for either 1 or 3 weeks during a high (8%) salt diet) effectively blocked or attenuated the hypotensive responses to 100–1000 ng of bradykinin. In the first protocol, 5 week old SR/Jr rats treated with Hoe 140 (10–20 nmol day−1, n=9, s.c., via osmotic minipumps) for 3 weeks and concomitantly fed high (8%) NaCl diet had significantly higher conscious tail cuff blood pressures (BPc) at 1 and 3 weeks when compared with rats treated with vehicle (0.9% NaCl, n=6). The differences in BPc between the 2 groups were 13 mmHg (P<0.001) after 1 week and 8 mmHg (P<0.05) after 3 weeks of treatment. In the second protocol, 5 week old SR/Jr rats were treated with Hoe 140 (20–40 nmol day−1, n=8, s.c., via osmotic minipumps) or vehicle (n=8) for 3 weeks. During the first week of treatment the rats were fed normal (0.8%) NaCl diet. The rats were then switched to 8% NaCl for 2 remaining weeks of the protocol. The mean BPc of Hoe 140-treated rats was not significantly different from that of the vehicle-treated rats when fed 0.8% NaCl diet. In contrast, rats treated with Hoe 140 and concomitantly fed high (8%) NaCl diet had significantly increased BPc (123±2 vs 111±1 mmHg, P<0.001 for the Hoe 140- and vehicle-treated rats, respectively). In the third protocol, treatment with Hoe 140 (20–40 nmol day−1, s.c., via osmotic minipumps) during high salt diet did not increase BPc in rats that were pre-exposed to the high salt diet for 2 weeks. At the end of 3 weeks of study, blood pressure was measured via an arterial catheter during pentobarbitone-induced anaesthesia. Rats treated with Hoe 140 for 1 or 3 weeks had significantly lower mean arterial blood pressures than the vehicle-treated rats. Our findings suggest that in SR/Jr rats, kinin activation of bradykinin B2 receptors at least partially contributes to early regulatory mechanisms that resist an increase in blood pressure following exposure to a high salt diet. The mechanism underlying the decreased blood pressure during pentobarbitone anaesthesia of SR/Jr rats chronically treated with Hoe 140 has yet to be elucidated.
Ehrlichiosis presenting as a life-threatening illness with features of the toxic shock syndrome.

Abstract objective: To describe clinical and laboratory features of patients with severe ehrilichiosis, some of whom presented with toxic shock syndrome (TSS)-like illnesses, and to report, to our knowledge, the first documented fatal case of ehrlichiosis in a child. design: Case series. setting: Tertiary-care medical center. patients: All patients with documented ehrlichiosis during a 3-year period, August 1, 1989, to July 31, 1992. results: Eight patients (age range: 2 to 46 years) met clinical and serologic diagnostic criteria for ehrlichiosis. The mean interval from first contact with a physician to initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy was 4.6 days (range: 1 to 11 days). All eight patients with ehrlichiosis had fever, chills, thrombocytopenia, and abnormal liver function test results. Most patients also had rash (seven), conjunctival hemorrhage or erythema (six), and leukopenia (six). Four cases met diagnostic criteria for TSS with fever, hypotension, rash, and multiorgan dysfunction. Two patients required mechanical ventilation, and one of these, a 612-year-old boy, died of complications of the infection. A nineth patient with probable ehrlichiosis also met diagnostic criteria for TSS. conclusions: Human ehrlichiosis can present as a severe, life-threatening illness that may resemble TSS. The diagnosis of ehrlichiosis was not considered by the physicians who first cared for these patients. Greater awareness of the potential severity of ehrlichiosis is needed to ensure that proper treatment is initiated early in the course of the disease.
In Situ Infrared Spectroscopic Study of Forsterite Carbonation in Wet Supercritical CO2

Carbonation reactions are central to the prospect of CO2 trapping by mineralization in geologic reservoirs. In contrast to the relevant aqueous-mediated reactions, little is known about the propensity for carbonation in the key partner fluid: supercritical carbon dioxide containing dissolved water (“wet” scCO2). We employed in situ mid-infrared spectroscopy to follow the reaction of a model silicate mineral (forsterite, Mg2SiO4) for 24 h with wet scCO2 at 50 °C and 180 atm. The results show a dramatic dependence of reactivity on water concentration and the presence of liquid water on the forsterite particles. Exposure to neat scCO2 showed no detectable carbonation reaction. At 47% and 81% water saturation, an Angstrom-thick liquid-like water film was detected on the forsterite particles and less than 1% of the forsterite transformed. Most of the reaction occurred within the first 3 h of exposure to the fluid. In experiments at 95% saturation and with an excess of water (36% above water saturation), a nano...
Voluntary control of penile tumescence among homosexual and heterosexual subjects.

Voluntary control of erectile responses represents a major threat to the validity of penile plethysmography. This study was designed to determine whether individuals can mimic a sexual orientation that differs from their actual sexual orientation. Since the presumed mechanism underlying voluntary control of penile tumescence involves a shift in attentional focus, a recall test was employed to assess the relationship between the ability to influence erectile responses and recall of critical test stimuli. Homosexual and heterosexual subjects were exposed to sexual materials under standard and “faking” instructions. The faking instructions consisted of asking subjects to suppress erectile responses to preferred stimuli and to enhance penile tumescence in the presence of nonpreferred stimuli. Across groups, results revealed some degree of suppression of erections but no significant enhancement of erections. Self-reported cognitive arousal under both conditions was consistent with erectile data. However, subjects' perceived control over erectile responses tended to be greater than their actual performance. No significant differences in recall were obtained. The recall procedure appears to interfere with subjects' ability to control erectile responses. Implications for clinical applications of penile plethysmography are summarized with suggestions for future research.
Role of vesicular traffic in the transport of surface transferrin receptor to the Golgi complex in cultured human cells

We have previously shown that transferrin receptor (TfR) recycles from the cell surface through the Golgi complex in K562 human leukemia cells. However, little is known about the transport pathway that carries these receptors to the Golgi complex. To learn more about this transport, we studied the effects of treatments that block specific types of vesicular traffic. K562 cells were cultured in test media and the transport of surface TfR to the Golgi complex was assessed by measuring the entry of asialo-TfR into the sialyltransferase compartment of the Golgi complex. Depletion of cellular potassium, which blocks formation of coated vesicles at the cell surface, stimulated asialo-TfR resialylation by 60% over controls, suggesting that coated vesicle formation is not the rate-limiting step in cell surface-to-Golgi transport. Similarly, culture in sodium-free medium, which blocks transport from endosomes to lysosomes, increased asialo-TfR resialylation by 40%, arguing that lysosomes do not lie on the transport pathway. In contrast, incubation of cells in hypertonic medium, which blocks many vesicular transport steps, inhibited TfR resialylation by 40%, confirming the importance of vesicular traffic in transport of asialo-TfR from the cell surface to the Golgi complex. These results are consistent with two possible pathways for cell surface-to-Golgi transport. Receptor could be transported via an endosomal intermediate, with the rate-limiting step occurring at a post-endosomal site. Alternatively, receptor could be transported directly to the Golgi via a pathway that does not involve endosomes.
An offspring-defense hypothesis for territoriality in female mammals

Female territoriality (defined here as defense of exclusive space with respect to conspecific females) among mammals typically has been considered a mechanism to defend food resources. We propose an alternative hypothesis that the primary function of territoriality in solitary and semi-social female mammals is to protect vulnerable young from infanticidal conspecific females. Female territoriality is prominent among rodents, carnivores, insectivores, and some lagomorphs, but occurs rarely in bats, ungulates, marine mammals, marsupials, and most primates. A common trait of species with female territoriality is that they have nonmobile altricial young that are deposited in a burrow or protected den site. In contrast, female territoriality does not occur in species with precocial young or species with altricial young that are carried with the mother or that are reared communally. The timing of female aggression and territoriality appears to be more closely associated with lactation than with food habits or t...
New Approaches to the Treatment of Pemphigus

In pemphigus vulgaris, treatment with systemic glucocorticosteroids is life saving; it may, however, cause severe side effects, including death. A patient with pemphigus vulgaris and myasthenia gravis was treated for approximately five years with the cholinomimetic Mestinon (pyridostigmine bromide), Imuran (azathioprine), and a topical corticosteroid gel before the need to introduce systemic glucocorticosteroids. Because activation of keratinocyte acetylcholine receptors also has been shown to abolish pemphigus IgG–induced acantholysis in cultured keratinocyte monolayers, a clinical trial of Mestinon was initiated in patients with active pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus, and paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome (also known as paraneoplastic pemphigus). First results indicate that nonsteroidal treatment of pemphigus is possible. Mestinon may be used to slow down progression of the disease and to treat mild cases with chronic lesions on limited areas. Stimulation of the keratinocyte– acetylcholine axis may lead to a therapeutic effect through any of the following mechanisms: (1) stimulating keratinocyte cell-to-cell attachment; (2) accelerating re-epithelialization; and (3) competing with the disease-causing pemphigus antibodies, preventing them from attachment to keratinocytes. Glucocorticosteroids and various types of steroid-sparing drugs used to treat pemphigus exhibit cholinergic side effects, including effects on expression and function of keratinocyte adhesion molecules, that are very similar to those produced by the cholinomimetic drugs. Further elucidation of the mechanisms underlying therapeutic efficacy of antiacantholytics may shed light on the immunopharmacological mechanisms of pemphigus antibody–induced acantholysis.
Foreign Complementary Sequences Facilitate Genetic RNA Recombination in Brome Mosaic Virus

Abstract We have demonstrated that local antisense sequences can mediate genetic recombination within the 3′ noncoding region among brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNAs (P. Nagy and J. J. Bujarski, 1993, Proc, Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 6390-6394). Here we show that foreign complementary inserts can direct crossovers between BMV RNA3 components within an internal region. A 170-nt polynucleotide derived from the cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) RNA3 was inserted just upstream of the initiation cordon of the BMV coat protein open reading frame in either sense or antisense orientations. The resulting respective mutants, BCC+ and BCC-, maintained unchanged CCMV inserts when inoculated separately on leaves of a local lesion host for BMV. In contrast, when a mixture containing both mutated RNAs3 was inoculated, a significant fraction of lesions accumulated the BMV RNA3 lacking the CCMV insert. The presence of a 3′ marker mutation confirmed that the BMV RNA3 progeny arose due to crossovers between BCC+ and BCC- within the complementary sequences. The highest frequency of recombinant appearance was observed when the RNA mixtures were annealed prior to inoculation on the host plants. Our results confirm a concept predicting the general nature of the heteroduplex-mediated recombination functioning in RNA viruses. Examples of possible applications of this approach in recombinant RNA technology are discussed.
Mechanical Property and Corrosion Resistance of Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al Alloy Weldment with Ti-6Al-4V Filler Following a Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Process

In this study TIG welding was carried out in Ti-15V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn alloy by using Ti-6-4 alloy filler. The effect of two common industrial heat treatments (artificial aging treatment at 593°C/2hr /air cooling or a solution treatment at 788°C/30min/air cooling plus aging at 510°C/8hr/furnance cooling) on the microstructure, mechanical property and corrosion resistance of weldment were investigated. It appears that these post weld heat treatment result in enhanced mechanical property as well as its corrosion resistance. In addition, solution plus aging treatment presents the excellent mechanical property and corrosion resistance. TEM investigation is also carried out to observe the nano size precipitates in heat affected zone (HAZ) and fusion zone (FZ). The possible enhanced mechanisms are discussed.
Transient hypogammaglobulinemia in a child with multiple infections and dysmorphic features

Abstract Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy (THI) is an uncommon disease entity in which the exact incidence, definition, etiology and outcome remain to be unknown. Affected individuals may be asymptomatic or may have increased frequency of infections. We are reporting a 5 year old boy with dysmorphic features, double left ureter, supravalvular stenosis, laryngotracheobronchomalacia, seizure disorder and multiple serious bacterial infections. The patient had Pneumococcal meningitis at age 7 months and two episodes of Klebsiella sepsis at age 7 weeks and 8 months. He was born full term via spontaneous vaginal delivery with ABO incompatibility for which he received exchange transfusion. Family history is unremarkable. Significant findings in the physical examination included large anterior fontanelle, hypertelorism, downslanted palpebral fissures, bilateral pre-auricular sinuses and wide-shaped, pointed teeth. Laboratory evaluation showed low serum immunoglobulins. Antibodies to tetanus and diptheria toxoids and hemophilus influenza b were present. Lymphocyte subsets, as well as, lymphocyte proliferative response to PHA , con-A and pokeweed mitogens were within normal limits for age. Serum complement levels and nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT) were also normal. Delayed type hypersensitivity testing with PPD , candida and tetanus remained negative. Cytogenetic studies failed to detect any chromosomal abnormality. HIV testing was negative. The patient was followed closely in Immunology clinic. He did not develop any subsequent problems except for mild upper respiratory tract infections which were managed symptomatically. At 5 years of age, the patient's panhypogammaglobulinemia resolved.
Conditioned responses of striopallidal neurons to time.

1. As a result of periodic presentation of combinations of acoustic and electrodermal stimuli 60% of caudate nucleus neurons, 55% of putamen neurons, and 59% of globus pallidus neurons exhibited significant conditioned responses to time of activation (60–69%) and inhibitory (40–31%) type. 2. A definite order of formation of conditioned trace responses was noted: They were formed first in neurons of the putamen, later in the globus pallidus, and latest of all in the caudate nucleus. 3. Unlike in formations studied previously, 42–61% of initially areactive neurons of the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus formed conditioned reflexes to time. No significant correlation was found between initial reactivity of the neurons to stimuli of the combined modalities and their ability to form a temporary connection. 4. The universal mechanism of formation and recall of trace activity has individual features in each of the three brain formations studied, and these are determined by the particular nature of its structure and functional organization.
Evaluation of Flavonoid and Resveratrol Chemical Libraries Reveals Abyssinone II as a Promising Antibacterial Lead

The growing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens continues to drive the need for antibiotics with novel modes of action. Of particular concern are infections caused by multidrug- resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, fluoroquinolone-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (FQRP), and β-lactam-resistant Gram-negative organisms, since many of these pathogens are intransigent to multiple classes of drugs.[1–3] Among discovery strategies, the empirical screening of chemical entities that are structurally distinct from clinically established agents represents an effective approach to developing novel antibiotics.
Positive and Negative Self-Perceptions: Is There a Cyclical Relationship between Teachers' and Students' Perceptions of Effort, Strategy Use, and Academic Performance.

This study was part of a larger research program designed to investigate how effort interacts with strategy use to mediate the academic performance of successful students with learning disabilities (LD) and how teachers' and students' perceptions influence these relationships. The sample consisted of 46 students with LD and 46 matched students without LD and their seven teachers from Grades 6–8. A self-report survey was used to obtain an index of students' perceptions of their effort, strategy use, academic struggles, and academic competence. Our findings indicated that students with LD with positive academic self-perceptions were more likely to work hard and to use strategies in their schoolwork than were students with LD who had negative academic self-perceptions. Teachers viewed students with LD who had positive academic self-perceptions as working equally hard and attaining similar levels of academic competence as their peers without LD. In marked contrast, students with LD who had negative academic self-perceptions were judged by their teachers as making limited effort in school and achieving at a below-average level in comparison with their peers. Findings suggested a cyclical relationship between students' self-perceptions and their teachers' judgments and supported the notion of a reciprocal strategy-effort interaction.
DSM-III and DSM-III-R: What are American psychiatrists using and why?

The purpose of this study was to determine whether American psychiatrists have switched from DSM-III to DSM-III-R as their primary diagnostic reference, and to examine what factors predicted the continued use of DSM-III. In 1989, we conducted a mail survey of practicing psychiatrists (N = 454), residency program directors (N = 128), residents (N = 1,331), and researchers (N = 196) regarding their training in, use of, and opinions about DSM-III and DSM-III-R. Approximately 30% of practitioners continued to use DSM-III as their primary diagnostic reference, although this was less frequently true of researchers and residents. In none of the four groups did a majority believe that DSM-III-R was needed, despite the fact that the majority of each group indicated that it was an improvement over DSM-III. The most commonly perceived reasons for publishing DSM-III-R were that it corrected problems with DSM-III and new research indicated changes were warranted. Compared with DSM-III-R users, DSM-III users more frequently believed that the 7-year interval between the two editions was too short, that DSM-III-R was not needed, and that the revised manual was little better than the original. Thus, 2 years after the publication of DSM-III-R 90% of psychiatrists were using DSM-III-R, at least in part, although a substantial minority continued to use DSM-III as their primary diagnostic manual. Even among DSM-III-R users, many believed that the revised manual was not needed. The perceived need for DSM-III-R was associated with the reasons ascribed to its publication; therefore, acceptance of DSM-IV may be partially a function of how its development is promoted and justified. That nearly one third of a random sample of practicing psychiatrists continued to use DSM-III supports concerns that the publication of DSM manuals every 6 or 7 years will divide the psychiatric community into subgroups using different diagnostic criteria.
Taking the helm: Guiding Critical Studies in Media Communication Towards Increased Access and Greater Global Engagement

Dear Reader,We want to welcome you to our first issue of Critical Studies in Media Communication, and we are excited to be working on this journal for the next three volumes. We are committed to th...
Malignant external otitis: report on therapy with ceftazidime and review of therapy and prognosis.

of whom were cured. The presentation, radiographic studies, therapy, outcome, and period of follow-up in the 20 patients are reported. The previously reported cases of MEO are also reviewed, with a focus on the changing therapy and prognosis. The frequencies of diabetes mellitus, cranial nerve deficits, and treatment failures in MEO have all declined significantly since 1985 from frequencies in earlier years. We conclude that there has been an overall improvement in the diagnosis and treatment of MEO and that monotherapy with ceftazidime shows promise against this potentially fatal pseudomonal infection.
The Ethnic Connection: The Motivation Behind Senate Foreign Policy Bill Sponsorship

This research examines the motivation behind Senate foreign policy bill sponsorship. Why do senators sponsor foreign policy legislation? Tofind the answer, this study analyzes legislative activity in the senate during the 1993, 1997, and 2001 calendar years. It first categorizes each senator as either a foreign policy senator or a domestic policy senator according to his or her propensity to sponsor foreign policy legislation. It then sets out to determine which variables appear to motivate foreign policy bill sponsorship. The major finding of this research is that constituency influence is greater than legislative role in motivating foreign policy bill sponsorship in the U.S. Senate.
Examiner effects in the administration of the NBAS: The illusion of reliability

Abstract One hundred neonates were assessed by the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) on two occasions by two certified examiners. Despite concurrent training and interrater agreement, significant interexaminer differences were reflected in exam scores. It is suggested that subtle differences in examiner behavioral style may introduce substantial variance into administration of the NBAS.
Gastric duplication cyst as a differential for an intra-thoracic cystic mass

We report a case of a neonate who presented with respiratory distress initially managed for a suspected pneumothorax before being transferred to a tertiary centre where he had a thoracotomy. A large cystic structure was excised later histologically confirmed to be a gastric duplication cyst. We discuss its management.
The kinetics of the cadmium-fluorine reaction

Abstract The kinetics of the cadmium-fluorine reaction have been investigated by the pressure drop method in the temperature range of 200 to 525°C and for fluorine pressures of 200 and 770 Torr. The reaction follows the parabolic rate law and the rate constants are independent of the fluorine pressure used. The reaction rate is sensitive to impurities in the lower part of the temperature range investigated. In the higher part of the temperature range the reaction rate constant is given by: k = 1·2 × 102 exp (−13·9 × 103/T)mm2/sec. Plausible analyses are offered to explain temporary deviations of this reaction from the parabolic behavior.
A Biopsychosocial Theory of Infertility

This article briefly reviews the literature on infertility and its emotional, physical, existential, and relational effects on individuals, couples, and families. Life crisis and biopsychosocial theories are discussed as they apply to persons struggling with infertility issues. In addition, stage models derived from a biopsychosocial perspective are presented. Most of the literature applies to White, middleclass persons. A short review of the literature for diverse individuals (race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, marital status) is included. Treatment suggestions are posited for the mental health practitioner working with individuals and/or couples.
Psychosocial Factors Related to Noncardiac Chest Pain During Treadmill Exercise

The authors examined historical, concurrent, and potentially secondary psychosocial problems related to noncardiac chest pain during exercise. The patients reporting chest pain during treadmill testing but who lacked cardiac ischemia (determined via nuclear scanning) were compared with the patients having both ischemia and chest pain, and with patients having neither ischemia nor chest pain. The noncardiac chest pain patients had the highest levels of 1) parental divorce and personal psychiatric treatment; 2) current depression, somatic awareness, and anger control; and 3) negative attitudes toward the health care system. The findings suggest that psychosocial problems predate, coexist with, and may result from noncardiac chest pain.
The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Alkaline Nuclease and Single-Stranded DNA Binding Protein Mediate Strand Exchange In Vitro

The replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA is associated with a high degree of homologous recombination. While cellular enzymes may take part in mediating this recombination, we present evidence for an HSV-1-encoded recombinase activity. HSV-1 alkaline nuclease, encoded by the UL12 gene, is a 5′→3′ exonuclease that shares homology with Redα, commonly known as λ exonuclease, an exonuclease required for homologous recombination by bacteriophage lambda. The HSV-1 single-stranded DNA binding protein ICP8 is an essential protein for HSV DNA replication and possesses single-stranded DNA annealing activities like the Redβ synaptase component of the phage lambda recombinase. Here we show that UL12 and ICP8 work together to effect strand exchange much like the Red system of lambda. Purified UL12 protein and ICP8 mediated the complete exchange between a 7.25-kb M13mp18 linear double-stranded DNA molecule and circular single-stranded M13 DNA, forming a gapped circle and a displaced strand as final products. The optimal conditions for strand exchange were 1 mM MgCl2, 40 mM NaCl, and pH 7.5. Stoichiometric amounts of ICP8 were required, and strand exchange did not depend on the nature of the double-stranded end. Nuclease-defective UL12 could not support this reaction. These data suggest that diverse DNA viruses appear to utilize an evolutionarily conserved recombination mechanism.
Managing stochastic multispecies models

Qualitative properties of optimal policies for stochastic, multispecies harvesting models are described. Conditions that imply that a k-species model can be decomposed into k single species models are discussed. For a discrete, stochastic version of the Loth-Volterra models, it is shown that finding an optimal policy can be narrowed to finding the globally optimal harvest, and to using constraints developed on the partial derivatives of an optimal policy to accelerate computations. For a discrete stochastic mion of a comptition model developed by Silliman. it is proven that knowledge of the globally optimal harvest is sufficient to completely describe an optimal policy. Approximate policies that are easier to solve are suggested. The results suggest that an optimal harvesting policy will tend to simplify the ecosystem-that is harvest to low levels unwanted or less valuable species.
Intrinsic disorder and protein multibinding in domain, terminal, and linker regions

Intrinsic disorder is believed to contribute to the ability of some proteins to interact with multiple partners which is important for protein functional promiscuity and regulation of the cross-talk between pathways. To better understand the mechanisms of molecular recognition through disordered regions, here, we systematically investigate the coupling between disorder and binding within domain families in a structure interaction network and in terminal and inter-domain linker regions. We showed that the canonical domain–domain interaction model should take into account contributions of N- and C-termini and inter-domain linkers, which may form all or part of the binding interfaces. For the majority of proteins, binding interfaces on domain and terminal regions were predicted to be less disordered than non-interface regions. Analysis of all domain families revealed several exceptions, such as kinases, DNA/RNA binding proteins, certain enzymes, and regulatory proteins, which are candidates for disorder-to-order transitions that can occur upon binding. Domain interfaces that bind single or multiple partners do not exhibit significant difference in disorder content if normalized by the number of interactions. In general, protein families with more diverse interactions exhibit less average disorder over all members of the family. Our results shed light on recent controversies regarding the relationship between disorder and binding of multiple partners at common interfaces. In particular, they support the hypothesis that protein domains with many interacting partners should have a pleiotropic effect on functional pathways and consequently might be more constrained in evolution.
The Hope of Heaven... on Earth

This paper asks about the substance and practice of hope in First Testament faith. The paper was prepared for a conference on the Christian "hope of heaven." In such a context, it is evident that hope in the First Testament is principally a this-worldly act. It is suggested in the paper that (a) Israel's memory of God's miracles permits Israel to expect miracles in the future, (b) Israel's speech practice in complaints is an act of hope, as the complaints characteristically move to affirmation, and (c) the fissure of the exile is the matrix of Israel's hope. Out of these affirmations, Israel can hope for a new community of shalom, a new creation of well-being, and eventually a new personal destiny as a gift of God. Every dimension of hope is hope in the God who is able to do a new thing.
Social process in grizzly bear management: lessons for collaborative governance and natural resource policy

In this study, we analyze a case of governance in natural resource management. Building on the limited body of literature on termination and using methods of problem orientation and social process mapping, we examine a stakeholder engagement process designed to address conflicts in grizzly bear management in Banff National Park, Alberta. Terminated in 2009 after several years of collaboration, this stakeholder engagement process explicitly used the policy sciences framework to cultivate dialogue, improve participants’ decision-making skills, and make consensus-based recommendations for grizzly bear management. Our analysis demonstrates the utility of undertaking social process mapping and problem orientation in order to understand a natural resource policy problem. We include recommendations to foster a social process that allows for clarification and advancement of the common interest in stakeholder groups, insights into how social process can contribute to policy termination, and reflections on the practical, collaborative use of the policy sciences to solve problems of governance. This analysis complements other articles on this case that examine stakeholder perspectives, initial outcomes, and decision process, collectively providing a thorough policy analysis.