cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stigma Management of Mental Illness: Effects of Concealment, Discrimination, and Identification on Well-Being

This study examined how having a mental illness diagnosis indirectly helps versus harms well-being via social-psychological processes. We focused on the effects of identity concealment, personal and group discrimination, and personal and social identifications related to mental illness on psychological well-being. Among college students with a self-reported mental illness (N = 255), we found that personal and group discrimination were each negatively related to well-being. Personal and social identifications were also related well-being, albeit in opposite directions. Personal identification was negatively related to well-being, while social identification with others who have a mental illness was positively related to well-being via access to in-group social support. Several indirect pathways linked concealment and discrimination to well-being via identification and sense of belonging.
Frailty in Geriatric Glioblastoma Patients: A Predictor of Operative Morbidity and Outcome.

Background Frailty is an emerging means of assessing overall health status and guiding management for geriatric patients. Frailty is associated with outcomes for many surgical indications in this age group. While half of all glioblastoma patients are 65 years old or older, frailty has not been examined in relation to surgery for glioblastoma. Methods We performed a retrospective study of patients age 65 years and older with pathologically confirmed glioblastoma at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital from 2000 to 2012; 319 patients were identified, 243 of whom underwent craniotomy for lobar lesions. Frailty was quantified using the Canadian Study of Health and Aging Modified Frailty Index. Postoperative complications were classified according the Glioma Outcomes Project system. Systemic, regional, neurologic, and overall complications were examined in relation to age, Karnofsky performance status, frailty, comorbid disease burden, cardiovascular risk, and tumor sidedness. Results Frailer patients were less likely to undergo surgical resection (P = 0.0002; odds ratio [OR], 0.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05–0.40) as opposed to biopsy, had longer hospital stays (log-rank test for trend, P = 0.0061), an increased overall risk of complications (P = 0.0123; OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.08–1.83), and decreased overall survival (Log rank test for trend, P = 0.0028). Conclusions Frailer patients with glioblastoma receive less aggressive intervention, have longer hospital stays, and experience more complications. Frailty may be an underused metric for the preoperative risk assessment of geriatric glioblastoma patients.
Generation of Massive Entanglement through an Adiabatic Quantum Phase Transition in a Spinor Condensate

We propose a method to generate massive entanglement in a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate from an initial product state through an adiabatic sweep of the magnetic field across a quantum phase transition induced by competition between the spin-dependent collision interaction and the quadratic Zeeman effect. The generated many-body entanglement is characterized by the experimentally measurable entanglement depth in the proximity of the Dicke state. We show that the scheme is robust to practical noise and experimental imperfection and under realistic conditions it is possible to generate genuine entanglement for hundreds of atoms.
Vibrational circular dichroism as a probe of fibrillogenesis: the origin of the anomalous intensity enhancement of amyloid-like fibrils.

Amyloid fibrils are affiliated with various human pathologies. Knowledge of their molecular architecture is necessary for a detailed understanding of the mechanism of fibril formation. Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy has recently shown sensitivity to amyloid fibrils [Ma et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 12364 and Measey et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 18218]. In particular, amyloid fibrils give rise to an intensity enhanced signal in the amide I band region of the corresponding VCD spectrum, offering promise of utilizing such a method for probing fibrillogenesis and the chiral structure of fibrils. Herein, we further investigate this phenomenon and demonstrate the use of VCD to probe the fibril formation kinetics of a short alanine-rich peptide. To elucidate the origin of the anomalous VCD intensity enhancement, we use an excitonic coupling model to simulate the VCD spectrum of stacked β-sheets containing one (Ising-like model) and two amide I oscillators per strand, as models for ...
Fecundity and Longevity of Synanthedon pictipes under Constant and Fluctuating Temperatures

The daily oviposition, egg viability, and survival of mated S. pictipes (Grote and Robinson) females were recorded in the laboratory. The females were kept individually at 7 constant (within a 15–38°C range) and 3 fluctuating temperature regimes, under a 16:8 L:D photoperiod. No eggs were laid at 15°C. The fecundity, the percentage of females that laid eggs, and the percentage of females that laid viable eggs were maximum within the 27–34°C range. The reciprocal of mean female longevity (female living rate) increased linearly with temperature over the entire range. The reciprocal of time from emergence to mean fecundity (egg maturation rate) also increased linearly over the 21–30–C range. These two rates are conceptually analogous to the well known developmental rates of immature stages. Thus developmental zeros and thermal summations for the egg maturation rate (18°C, 33 degree-days °C) and for the female living rate (14°C, 84 degree-days °C) were calculated from linear regressions. Fluctuating temperatures, as compared to equivalent constants, increased the percentage of females that laid eggs and the egg maturation rate, but not the female living rate. Reasons for this discrepancy are inferred. The above data will be used in conjunction with thermal requirements of immature stages and field temperature records to elucidate the population biology of this pest insect.
Maize Ear Damage by Insects in Relation to Genotype and Aflatoxin Contamination in Preharvest Maize Grain

Aflatoxin contamination in preharvest maize, Zea mays L., grain is a serious problem in the United States, especially in the southeastern production areas. Development of genotypes with resistance to ear-infesting insects, resistance to Aspergillus spp., and resistance to production of aflatoxin are maize-breeding objectives. Two cultivars, Mo20W × Teosinte and ‘lbadan B’, have been identified as having resistance to earinfesting insects when compared with the widely grown check hybrid B73 × Mo17. Although it was not determined if there was resistance to growth of Aspergillus flavus (Link ex Fries) or aflatoxin production per se, it was confirmed that these two cultivars produced less aflatoxin in preharvest grain than B73 × Mo17. Also, Mo20W × Teosinte tended to have less aflatoxin than ‘lbadan B’.
Inhibition of TRIC agents by virus-induced interferon.

The causative agents of trachoma and inclusion conjunctivitis (TRIC) have been called viruses in the past. However, TRIC agents possess several characteristics which clearly separate them from typical viruses. They possess a bacteria-like cell wall containing muramic acid; they contain both DNA and RNA; they elaborate enzymes involved in decarboxylation of carbohydrates and in folic acid synthesis; they are inhibited by antibacterial drugs; and at least some stages in the development of TRIC agents involve binary fission(l). Thus it appears that TRIC agents are more closely related to obligate intracellular bacteria or rickettsiae than to true viruses.Up to the present time, interferons have been known to act only on true viruses. It was, therefore, of interest to determine whether virus-induced interferons would inhibit the replication of the more complex TRIC agents. Early in this work we were made aware of a publication by Mordhorst and Reinecke(2) in which it was claimed that interferon had no effect ...
Abstract 3129: miR-340 is a modulator of oncogenic signaling in melanoma

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Melanoma is responsible for only 4% of skin cancer diagnoses; nonetheless 80% of skin cancer deaths are attributed to this aggressive skin cancer each year. Growing evidence points to an important role miRNAs may play in the aberrant cellular signaling of cancers, including melanoma. microRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved 22-25nt non-coding RNAs involved in regulating RNA stability and translation and are predicted to regulate ∼60% of the human transcriptome. We are investigating the tumor suppressor role miR-340 plays in the development and progression of melanoma. A limited number of miR-340 targets were previously characterized, however, it is unlikely the effects of miR-340 on the melanoma phenotype are the result of directly targeting a few mRNAs, as miRNAs are likely to target upwards of 100 mRNAs each. Using an in silico target identification and pathway mapping system, we identified a multitude of potential miR-340 mRNA targets that encode proteins distributed amongst a variety of cellular signaling pathways. In silico analysis revealed a high proportion of miR-340 predicted mRNA targets that encode for members of the MAPK signaling pathway. Our results show that miR-340 modulated most of the assayed mRNAs that encode MAPK components. We also demonstrate that miR-340 inhibits the tumorigenic phenotype of melanoma cells. We recently developed a novel method to identify direct targets of miRNAs. Using this method, we demonstrate miR-340 directly targets mRNAs that encode protein kinases of the MAPK pathway. Further direct target identification is crucial toward understanding the role miR-340-directed regulation plays in triggering pleiotropic effects during melanoma development and progression. Elucidating the roles aberrant gene regulatory networks play in melanoma is critical for understanding the disease and developing treatment options to improve the melanoma prognosis. Supported by NIH grants ES007015 (to A.M.P.S.), AR063361 (to V.S.S.) and CA191550 (to V.S.S.). Citation Format: Ashley M. Poenitzsch Strong, Emily G. Adochio, Vijayasaradhi Setaluri, Vladimir S. Spiegelman. miR-340 is a modulator of oncogenic signaling in melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3129. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3129
Essay: From the 'No Spittin', No Cussin' and No Summary Judgment' Days of Employment Discrimination Litigation to the 'Defendant's Summary Judgment Affirmed Without Comment' Days: One Judge's Four-Decade Perspective

Nearly seventy-five years after its birth, the time has come to bury summary judgment. The funeral should be swift, dignified, and joyous. The autopsy would reveal that the cause of death was abuse and overuse by my federal judge colleagues. Summary judgment abuse and overuse occurs in all types of cases, but is especially magnified in employment discrimination cases. This problem is exacerbated by the daily ritual of appellate courts affirming summary judgment grants to employers, often without comment, at a rate that far exceeds any other substantive area of federal law. These beliefs are based on my four-decade career in employment discrimination as a trial and appellate lawyer (for both employees and employers), adjunct law professor, author, speaker, federal magistrate judge, and district court judge. Unfortunately, my colleagues have become increasingly unfriendly to plaintiffs’ employment discrimination claims. I believe there are six primary reasons for this “unfriendliness” or what many scholars have observed as “hostility”: 1) too many frivolous employment discrimination lawsuits; 2) an overworked federal judiciary; 3) increased sophistication of employers; 4) increasingly subtle discrimination; 5) implicit bias in judicial decisions; and 6) a shift among judges from trial judging to case managing. If I were anointed Grand Poobah3 of federal civil procedure for a day, my first act would be to eliminate summary judgment — at least for a five- to ten-year experimental period. The time has come to recognize that summary judgment has become too expensive, too time-consuming for the parties and the judiciary, and too likely to unfairly deprive parties — usually plaintiffs — of their constitutional and statutory rights to trial by jury. I am willing to throw out the baby with the bathwater because the culture of unjustly granting summary judgment is far too ingrained in the federal judiciary to reverse course. There is simply no empirical evidence that summary judgment is efficient or fair. Failing elimination of summary judgment, dramatic modifications to Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure should be made to help eliminate its disparate and unfair impact.
Advances of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) in electrochemistry, biochemistry, and surface science

Abstract Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is a unique spectroscopic technique that possesses single-molecule sensitivity and high spatial resolution. Both of these properties are due to 1) extremely high confinement of an electromagnetic field at the apex of the scanning probe and 2) precise positioning of the scanning probe at the surface of the analyzed specimen. The scanning probe can easily be withdrawn from the analyzed surface after spectral acquisition, which makes this analytic technique minimally invasive. The substrate generality of TERS has already been utilized to investigate various challenging topics in biology and surface chemistry, such as detecting cytochrome c oxidation in mitochondria, monitoring catalytic reactions, and imaging polymer surfaces. In this review, the most recent advances in applying TERS for structural characterization of biomolecules, electrochemical processes at the nanoscale level, art conservation and surface sciences are discussed. These studies highlight the growth of TERS as a powerful analytical technique with far reaching practical implications.
SybilExposer: An effective scheme to detect Sybil communities in online social networks

The popularity of online social networks (OSNs) has resulted in them being targeted with Sybil attacks, where an adversary forges many fake identities (called Sybils) to disrupt or control the normal functioning of the system. Several schemes have been proposed to defend against Sybil attacks. Most of these schemes work by computing the landing probability or statistical distribution of visiting frequency of random walks. These schemes usually have high running time cost and are highly dependent upon the proper choice of known trusted nodes. To address these limitations, in this paper we present SybilExposer, an efficient and effective Sybil community detection algorithm, which relies on the properties of social graph communities to rank communities according to their perceived likelihood of being fake or Sybil. Our experiments on several real-world OSN graphs illustrate that SybilExposer has close to 100% true positive rate and nearly zero false positive rate in identifying Sybil communities, and the best running time complexity compared to the state of the art.
- Failure Morphology of Injection Molded High Density Polyethylene, HDPE, Component with Living Hinge

A high-density polyethylene (HDPE), living hinge, and the cap that was used for connecting the main body fractures failed in medical usage. This large-scale injection molded part was made off sterilized gamma. Investigation showed that transverse bands of cellular structure with central cracks extending toward the outer surface during molding were the primary cause of failure. An inquiry into the history of the component indicated that gamma sterilized at a relatively high dose of about 3.5 MRad. Therefore, radiation induced degradation cannot be ruled out as a potential cause. In addition, part design, injection molding conditions, antioxidant additives, and raw material rheology could also have caused failures. It was determined that the formation of a cellular foam structure, cracks, and voids centering at the core of the cylindrical living hinge during injection molding was the primary cause for failure. Gamma radiation depleted most antioxidants, and caused severe degradation at the preexisted solid-air surfaces in the foam/crack regions. Upon encountering the slightest stress, these cracks propagate in the transverse direction to sever the connecting member.
The Influence of Engagement and Satisfaction on Smoking Cessation Interventions: A Qualitative Study.

ABSTRACTBackground: Tobacco use remains the leading cause of preventable disease and death. Most smokers are not motivated to quit; however, most smoking cessation interventions are designed for smokers who are ready to take action. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to describe participant engagement and satisfaction with telephonic smoking cessation coaching with a population of smokers at different stages of readiness to quit. Methods: Qualitative description was used to capture the experiences of 62 individuals who participated in telephonic smoking cessation coaching using semistructured interviews. Results: Results indicate that person-centered communication facilitated engagement and was valued equally or more than perceived coach smoking cessation knowledge. Engagement with the intervention was associated with increased satisfaction, smoking cessation/reduction and perceived convenience of intervention. Conclusions/Importance: Findings indicate that unmotivated smokers can be proactively...
Cybersecurity in Critical Infrastructure Sectors: A Proactive Approach to Ensure Inevitable Laws and Regulations are Effective

Today, our government and the critical infrastructure sectors that provide essential services to Americans are constantly under attack. These institutions face sophisticated cyberattacks from individual hackers, coordinated hacker organizations, terrorist groups, and enemy nation-states. Over the past decade, the frequency, scale, and intensity of attacks have continually increased. The current patchwork of cybersecurity laws and regulations is not sufficient to protect U.S. national security. Additional cybersecurity laws and regulations are not just necessary, they are inevitable. Thus, private companies, Congress, and agencies should focus on developing them in a way that ensures a high level of protection and promulgating them before a major attack occurs.
Impact of stent type and prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy on long-term clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients with coronary artery disease

The aim of this study was to address 7-year clinical outcomes and impact of prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after coronary stenting in hemodialysis patients. Our study included 123 consecutive hemodialysis patients who had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention with a drug-eluting stent (DES) or bare-metal stent (BMS) (DES: 64, BMS: 59) in our institution. We compared long-term clinical outcomes following DES with BMS implantation as well as clinical outcomes in patients on DAPT for ≥1 year (DAPT on group, 89) with those on DAPT for <1 year (DAPT off group, 34). We evaluated bleeding events and major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, and stent thrombosis. At 1 year after stenting, the incidence of MACE was significantly lower in the DES group than in the BMS group (DES versus BMS: 33.2 versus 51.8%; p = 0.045). However, this advantage of DES disappeared by the 7th year (DES versus BMS: 66.0 versus 70.0%; p = 0.42). The cumulative incidence of MACE beyond 1 year was significantly higher in the DAPT on group than in the DAPT off group (DAPT on versus DAPT off: 51.3 versus 18.5%; p = 0.047). The bleeding events in the DAPT on group were 5.1 times greater than in the DAPT off group (DAPT on versus DAPT off: 16.4 versus 3.2%; p = 0.06). Use of DES and prolonged DAPT did not improve 7-year clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients with coronary artery disease.
+1q: amplifying the bad genes in myeloma.

The prognostic significance of existing and newly identified cytogenetic abnormalities (CAs) in multiple myeloma (MM) needs to be constantly redefined in the context of current therapy and an incre...
CASE STUDY: Irrigation and stocking rate influences on northern Michigan beef cow-calf and forage production

ABSTRACT Although the Great Lakes Region has abundant fresh water, the area can be dry, especially during the summer growing season. Beef producers are considering use of irrigation because of this combined with diminished access to grazing land. Our objective was to investigate the combination of irrigation, genotype, and stocking rate on northern Michigan cow-calf production systems. Treatments were a combination of 2 irrigation levels, 2 breeds of cattle of contrasting body size, and 3 stocking rates expressed in animal unit equivalents (AU/ha). Sixty-four Red cow-calf pairs in total were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: (1) 3 small Angus cow-calf pairs without irrigation (3SWO; 2.1 AU/ha); (2) 3 small Angus cow-calf pairs with irrigation (3SW; 2.1 AU/ha); (3) 5 small Angus cow-calf pairs with irrigation (5SW; 3.5 AU/ha); and (4) 5 large Simmental cow-calf pairs with irrigation (5LW; 4.4 AU/ha). Both animal and forage performance were monitored from May to August 2011. Irrigation aided forage growth with 17.8 and 16.0% greater pregrazing forage biomass in August compared with May in the 5SW and 5LW treatments, respectively. The greater stocked treatments returned more performance per hectare; 5SW had twice the overall cow and calf BW gain/ha in July to August when compared with 3SW. Overall, irrigation may sustain greater stocking rates and herbage production later in the grazing season and may be a viable tool for Midwest beef producers. This study was limited to 1 yr, so more long-term studies are needed to address the effect of variable precipitation and climatic conditions in Midwest beef systems.
Electromagnetic Forward and Inverse Algorithms for 3-D Through-Casing Induction Mapping of Arbitrary Fractures

This letter extends the axisymmetric version of the efficient forward and inverse algorithms to characterize and reconstruct arbitrary 3-D fractures in a cased borehole environment. We improve our previous hybrid distorted Born approximation and stabilized biconjugate gradient fast Fourier transform method as the 3-D forward modeling algorithm that can significantly reduce the computational cost in forward modeling. The bounding constraints and model parameter transformation functions are introduced to our previous axisymmetric variational Born iterative inverse method to effectively reconstruct 3-D fractures. Numerical results show orders of magnitude higher efficiency of the forward algorithm than the finite-element method, and the effectiveness of the inverse algorithm for through-casing 3-D fracture reconstruction.
Neural activity to threat in ventromedial prefrontal cortex correlates with individual differences in anxiety and reward processing.

Abstract Emotion studies show that ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) plays a critical role in negative affect evaluation. Here we investigated two questions: Does the neural sensitivity to threat of bodily harm in vmPFC alter as anxiety levels increase? If the neural sensitivity to threat in vmPFC reflects a kind of general emotional processing, does it predict reward processing? To address these questions, we first recorded participants’ self-reported anxiety. In an investigation of neural responses in vmPFC (Session 1), we measured brain activity (fMRI) associated with the anticipation of threat, using a sphere based ROI approach. In a behavioral experiment (Session 2), participants’ reward processing efficiency was evaluated when they performed a visual discrimination task in which they had the opportunity to earn cash rewards. We found that across participants, there were tightly coupled associations between signal changes in the vmPFC and self-reported state anxiety. Specifically, participants who showed more activation in vmPFC to threat also exhibited greater behavioral efficiency in reward processing. Path analysis revealed a closely interconnected network of vmPFC (cortical) and VS (ventral striatum, subcortical) which predicted reward processing. Therefore, in addition to negative affect evaluation, neural sensitivity in vmPFC correlated with both anxiety and reward-related metrics. These results support an emerging model in which the vmPFC functions to defend the organism from acute stress and facilitate reward processes.
Clay-water relationship—theory and application. A review

The magnitude of colloidal and mechanical effects of the interaction of clays and water is unusually large, therefore, long range effects of surface forces on the structure of water are often assumed to exist in these systems. However, such effects can be readily explained on the basis of electrical and dispersion forces between the plate-like clay particles, according to a qualitative and quantitative analysis of such forces, and in particular the forces due to the interaction of electrical double layers. Applications in such diverse areas as foundation engineering, land slide analysis, oil drilling fluid management, and ceramics production are briefly discussed as illustrations.
The Third Wheel in Public Policy: An Overview of NGOs in Lebanon

Lebanon is relatively a small country in the Middle East with an area of 4,035.5172 sq. miles and a population of 3,759,136 (CSA 2007). The geographical location at the Mediterranean Sea and the diversity in the socio-cultural milieu favored Lebanon as a bridge between the East and the West. Before the civil war (1975–1990), the country witnessed an economic boom and was the spotlight of the world; Lebanon was labeled as the Switzerland of the East to characterize its unique status.
Surface Fitting With Orthogonal Additive Models

A number of algorithms such as projection pursuit and backfitting have been proposed for using one-dimensional smoothers to fit additive models in several dimensions. This talk treats a simple variant, additive approximations to a response surface based on orthogonalized regressors. The idea is motivated by OLS where useful diagnostics can be based on partial residuals, and many of the ideas from OLS carry over to the situation where projection is replaced by smoothing. In particular, one can use forward selection. At each stage, a one-dimension al smoother is used to add the effect of the regressor not in the current model which best fits the residuals, and data smoothing is used to transform the remaining regressors to be approximately orthogonal to those in the model. Because of this approximate orthogonalization, a one-pass algorithm can be effective in obtaining estimates, and iteration via backfitting is unnecessary.
Maternal support and deviance among rural adolescents: The mediating role of self-esteem

Abstract Introduction Supportive mothering buffers against adolescent deviance, but the precise mechanisms underlying this relationship are poorly understood. The current investigation tested the extent to which self-esteem mediated the maternal support-deviance link and whether it varied by adolescent age and sex. Methods Data were collected from 911 middle and high school students in the rural South (53.6% female, Mage = 14.70 years). Main model tests were completed in SEM. Results Results indicated that maternal support and self-esteem were positively associated and negatively to deviance, and that self-esteem mediated the support-deviance link. These associations did not differ by adolescent age. However, moderating effects by sex were significant, where maternal support had a greater effect on girls' self-esteem, while self-esteem had a greater effect on boys' deviance. Conclusions Findings provide some evidence of how maternal support is associated with a positive self-concept that in turn decreases the likelihood of engaging in deviant behaviors.
Improving the Reliability of Damage Characteristic Curves in the Simplified Viscoelastic Continuum Damage Model

One of the major advantages of the cyclic fatigue test (AASHTO TP 107) is that the results can be used to calibrate the Simplified Viscoelastic Continuum Damage (S-VECD) model, which is used for me...
Neuroimaging findings from an experimental pharmacology trial of naltrexone in heavy drinkers of East Asian descent.

Abstract Background Despite known genetic variation across races, studies examining pharmacogenetics of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) on clinical response to naltrexone have been conducted in predominantly Caucasian samples. Evidence is mixed for pharmacogenetic OPRM1 and naltrexone effects on neural responses to alcohol cues. The current study tests the pharmacogenetic effects of naltrexone and OPRM1 on neural responses to alcohol taste cues in heavy drinkers of East Asian descent. Methods Participants (N = 41) completed two double-blinded and counterbalanced functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sessions: one after taking naltrexone (50 mg/day) for four days and one after taking placebo for four days. Following titration, participants completed an fMRI alcohol taste-cues task. Analyses tested effects of naltrexone, OPRM1, and their interaction in whole-brain and region of interest (ROI) analyses of functional activation and functional connectivity in response to alcohol versus water taste cues. Results We found no effects of naltrexone orOPRM1 on neural activation in whole-brain and ROI analyses, which included left and right ventral striatum (VS), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Naltrexone increased functional connectivity between left VS and clusters in medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate gyrus, as well as right VS and occipital cortex, compared to placebo. Conclusions Naltrexone treatment enhanced functional connectivity in a key reinforcement-related pathway during alcohol versus water taste cues, corroborating neuroimaging work with other substances. Null medication and pharmacogenetics effects on functional activation add to a mixed naltrexone literature and may underscore the modest size of these effects in East Asians.
Functional roles for KV7.2 and KV7.3 channels in guinea pig urinary bladder smooth muscle revealed by the novel KV7.2/KV7.3 channel opener ICA-069673

We elucidated the physiological role of KV7.2/KV7.3 channels in guinea pig urinary bladder smooth muscle (UBSM) in vitro using the novel KV7.2/KV7.3 channel opener ICA-069673 and a multidisciplinar...
Nucleolin mediates the binding of cancer cells to L-selectin under conditions of lymphodynamic shear stress.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells bind to lymphocytes via L-selectin in a shear-dependent manner. This interaction takes place exclusively under low-shear stress conditions, such ...
What Do Children Do on the Playground? A Rasch Analysis Approach to Measurement

Date Presented 04/06/19 Psychometric properties of a novel, mobile application-based measure of group playground play sophistication were evaluated using the Rasch partial credit model. The results demonstrate strong evidence for validity and emerging evidence for reliability of this measurement strategy. This type of measurement can advance the role of OTs in universal playground interventions and playground design. Primary Author and Speaker: Patricia Grady Additional Authors and Speakers: Anita Bundy
Explicit Data Layout Management for Autotuning Exploration on Complex Memory Topologies

The memory topology of high-performance com- puting platforms is becoming more complex. Future exascale platforms in particular are expected to feature multiple types of memory technologies, and multiple accelerator devices per compute node. In this paper, we discuss the use of explicit management of the layout of data in memory across memory nodes and devices for performance exploration purposes. Indeed, many classic optimization techniques rely on reshaping or tiling input data in specific ways to achieve peak efficiency on a given architecture. With autotuning of a linear algebra code as the end goal, we present AML: a framework to treat three memory management abstractions as first-class citizens: data layout in memory, tiling of data for parallelism, and data movement across memory types. By providing access to these abstractions as part of the performance exploration design space, our framework eases the design and validation of complex, efficient algorithms for heterogeneous platforms. Using the Intel Knights Landing architecture in one of its most NUMA configurations as a proxy platform, we showcase our framework by exploring tiling and prefetching schemes for a DGEMM algorithm.
External Validation of a Venous Thromboembolic Risk Score for Cancer Outpatients with Solid Tumors: The COMPASS-CAT Venous Thromboembolism Risk Assessment Model

Background Current risk assessment models (RAMs) for prediction of venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk in the outpatient cancer population have shown poor predictive value in many of the most common cancers. The Comparison of Methods for Thromboembolic Risk Assessment with Clinical Perceptions and AwareneSS in Real Life Patients-Cancer Associated Thrombosis (COMPASS-CAT) RAM was derived in this patient population and predicted patients at high risk for VTE even after initiation of chemotherapy. We sought to externally validate this RAM. Materials and methods Patients aged ≥18 years who presented to a tertiary care center between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2016, with invasive breast, ovarian, lung, or colorectal cancers were included. The COMPASS-CAT RAM was applied using our health system's tumor registry and variables that were identified by International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-9 and -10 codes of the electronic health record and independent chart review. The primary endpoint at 6-month study follow-up was documented VTE. Results A total of 3,814 patients were included. Documented VTE at 6-month follow-up occurred in 5.85% of patients. Patients stratified into low/intermediate- and high-risk groups had VTE rates of 2.27% and 6.31%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive value of the RAM were 95%, 12%, 97.73%, and 6.31%, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy via receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated at 0.62 of the area under the curve. Conclusion In this large retrospective external validation study of the COMPASS-CAT RAM for VTE in patients with cancer undergoing active treatment, model discrimination was moderate and calibration was poor. The model had good negative predictive value. Further prospective validation studies-especially within 6 months of cancer diagnosis-are needed before the model can be implemented into routine clinical practice for primary thromboprophylaxis of high-VTE-risk patients with cancer with solid tumors. Implications for practice This study provides further guidance for researchers and clinicians in determining clinical and laboratory risk factors associated with development of venous thromboembolism among the ambulatory population of patients being treated for lung, breast, colorectal, or ovarian cancer. It validates the COMPASS-CAT risk model that was developed in this cancer population and suggests that further prospective validation of the model, with more focus on patients within 6 months of their index cancer diagnosis, would likely enhance the accuracy and usefulness of this model as a clinical prediction tool.
Caregiver support buffers posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms following a natural disaster in relation to binge drinking.

Objective We investigate if posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms mediate the effects of disaster severity or prior trauma on binge drinking following disaster exposure and test if support from caregiver moderates the relation between disaster severity and PTSD symptoms as well as prior trauma and PTSD symptoms. Method A population-based clinical trial used address-based sampling to enroll 1,804 adolescents and parents from communities affected by tornadoes in Missouri and Alabama. Data collection via baseline (averaging 8 months postdisaster), 4-month postbaseline, and 12-month postbaseline semistructured telephone interviews was completed between September 2011 and August 2013. Longitudinal analyses, testing the indirect effects of disaster severity and prior traumatic events on alcohol use through PTSD symptoms, as potentially moderated by support from caregiver, were conducted. Results PTSD symptoms mediated the effect of prior trauma, but not disaster severity, on binge drinking. Specifically, those with more prior traumas reported more PTSD symptoms, which in turn increased risk for binge drinking. Support from caregiver moderated the effect of disaster severity, but not prior trauma, on PTSD symptoms. Specifically, the effect of disaster severity on PTSD symptoms was significant for adolescents with average or below-average caregiver support. Conclusion Findings suggest that PTSD symptomatology is one mechanism by which prior trauma can impact binge drinking among adolescents following exposure to a natural disaster. Caregiver support can serve as a buffer for reducing PTSD symptomatology related to the severity of a natural disaster, which can decrease the likelihood of adolescent binge drinking. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Thyroglobulin Interactome Profiling Uncovers Molecular Mechanisms of Thyroid Dyshormonogenesis

ABSTRACT Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a secreted iodoglycoprotein serving as the precursor for T3 and T4 hormones. Many characterized Tg gene mutations produce secretion-defective variants resulting in congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Tg processing and secretion is controlled by extensive interactions with chaperone, trafficking, and degradation factors comprising the secretory proteostasis network. While dependencies on individual proteostasis network components are known, the integration of proteostasis pathways mediating Tg protein quality control and the molecular basis of mutant Tg misprocessing remain poorly understood. We employ a multiplexed quantitative affinity purification–mass spectrometry approach to define the Tg proteostasis interactome and changes between WT and several CH-variants. Mutant Tg processing is associated with common imbalances in proteostasis engagement including increased chaperoning, oxidative folding, and routing towards ER-associated degradation components, yet variants are inefficiently degraded. Furthermore, we reveal mutation-specific changes in engagement with N-glycosylation components, suggesting distinct requirements for one Tg variant on dual engagement of both oligosaccharyltransferase complex isoforms for degradation. Modulating dysregulated proteostasis components and pathways may serve as a therapeutic strategy to restore Tg secretion and thyroid hormone biosynthesis.
Application of condition‐based maintenance in health care: A concept analysis

Chronic illness burdens individuals, organizations and society, costing the US $3.5 trillion annually. Transposed from the engineering industry, condition-based maintenance is a novel concept that holds great promise for alleviating this burden by enhancing current health care delivery methods. Aims of this concept analysis include, (a) develop an operational definition for the term condition-based maintenance and (b) discuss the applicability and effectiveness of condition-based maintenance as applied to health care. A search of engineering and health care literature was completed. The search term "condition-based maintenance" was entered into the PubMed, Wiley Interscience Journals, CINAHL, Journals@Ovid, ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source, and Emerald databases. A review of the literature was completed to identify the qualities of condition-based maintenance. Utilizing the Walker and Avant method, antecedents, characteristics, and consequences were identified. A conceptual model of condition-based maintenance was developed encompassing two antecedents, four characteristics, and three consequences. Furthermore, a theoretical definition of condition-based maintenance was derived. Focus on the positive effects of proactively monitoring symptoms among chronically-ill persons is needed. Condition-based maintenance advances the National Institute of Nursing Research's focus on symptom science through the development of personalized strategies to treat and prevent the adverse symptoms of illness.
E-185 MR vessel wall imaging in the diagnosis of occult ruptured blister intracranial aneurysms

Purpose Blister intracranial aneurysms are a rare etiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) accompanied by high morbidity and mortality rates. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and CT angiography (CTA) serve as the main imaging techniques for diagnosing the cause of SAH, yet blister aneurysms can remain occult on DSA or CTA imaging due to their small size, broad based morphology, and early transient thrombosis. In this case series of SAH patients that were diagnosed with ruptured blister aneurysms, we investigated the role of high-resolution (HR)-MRI Vessel Wall Imaging (VWI) in identifying culprit, ruptured aneurysm diagnoses. Methods and Materials We performed an IRB-approved retrospective review of patients diagnosed with SAH from 2010–2019 at our institution. We studied patient demographics, presentations, aneurysm size/locations, initial and follow-up imaging including CT, CTA/MRA, DSA, and MR VWII studies. Results Seven patients (1 Male: 6 Female, mean age: 52) with ruptured blister aneurysms were identified. Median of Hunt-Hess grade (range: 1–4) and Fisher grade (range: 2–4) at presentation were 1 and 3 respectively. Blister aneurysm were small 1–3 mm in mean size and broad based neck morphology in the anterior circulation. All but 2 of them were located in non-branching sites. Initial CTA was diagnostic for a ruptured blister aneurysm in 3/7 (43%), confirmed with DSA. In the remaining 4/7 cases CTA was negative, and DSA identified two of these occult ruptured blister aneurysm initially and two subsequently on 1 week follow-up DSA. HR-MR VWI was performed in 3/4 patients 1–3 days after presentation and revealed mild to moderate focal enhancement and/or T1 hyperintensity of the small aneurysm wall corresponding to the blister aneurysm sites confirmed by initial or follow-up DSA. Conclusion HR-MR VWI can provide adjunctive diagnostic information for the identification of occult ruptured blister aneurysm in SAH patients, when combined with conventional imaging studies such as CTA and DSA. HR-MR VWI may assist in accelerate the time to definite diagnosis in cases with negative initial CTA or DSA findings. Disclosures Y. Moazeni: None. R. Abdalla: None. M. Sukumaran: None. D. Cantrell: None. A. Shaibani: None. M. Hurley: None. B. Jahromi: None. M. Potts: None. S. Ansari: None.
A Robust Yule-Walker Method for Online Monitoring of Power System Electromechanical Modes of Oscillation

Reliable power system operation requires that system operators maintain a satisfactory small-signal stability margin at all times. Mode meters allow system operators to continuously monitor the stability margin by analyzing synchrophasor measurements. Experience with mode meters at the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) has revealed that mode meters sometimes suffer severe bias following transient disturbances. In this paper, a robust version of the Yule-Walker mode meter algorithm is proposed to mitigate this bias. The robust capability is introduced by modifying the estimator of the autocovariance sequence (ACS) on which the algorithm depends. Tests with field-measured data demonstrate that the robust Yule-Walker (RYW) algorithm significantly outperforms its conventional counterpart and is better able to provide system operators with accurate information about the system's stability margin.
COVID-19 as a Rare Cause of Facial Nerve Neuritis in a Pediatric Patient.

COVID-19 has been noted to present with neurological symptoms in nearly thirty percent of pa- tients. While children are more likely to be asymptomatic, neurological involvement has been observed. We present the case of a 23-month-old previously healthy female who was brought to the emergency room for a new-onset facial droop. The patient tested positive for COVID-19 but was otherwise asymptomatic. An MRI of the brain with and without contrast revealed abnormal enhancement along the canalicular segment of the right cranial VII extending to the first genu suggestive of cranial nerve neuritis. Given that our case involves a pediatric patient with no sig- nificant comorbidities presenting with facial drop, COVID-19 should be considered on the dif- ferential when evaluating causes of new onset peripheral nerve palsies.
Prey choice by a freshwater copepod on larval Aedes mosquitoes in the presence of alternative prey

Predator-prey interactions can have a significant impact on the abundance and distribution of species, but the outcome of these interactions is often context-dependent. In small freshwater habitats, predacious copepods are potential biological control agents for mosquito larvae. Through laboratory experiments, we tested if the presence of a non-mosquito prey (neonate Daphnia pulex) influenced prey selection of the predaceous copepod (Acanthocyclops vernalis) on 1st instar Aedes mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus). Copepods were starved for 12 h prior to being exposed to the two prey types (larval mosquitoes and Daphnia) at three densities: 25 mosquitoes:75 Daphnia, 50 mosquitoes:50 Daphnia, 75 mosquitoes:25 Daphnia. Single prey choice trials for each species as well as no-predator trials were also established for controls. Copepods were effective predators, with a single copepod consuming up to 37 1st instar mosquito larvae during the 24-h trials. The number of mosquitoes consumed increased with their relative density, but the proportion of mosquitoes consumed was highest when Aedes made up only 25% of the population. Results from our study show that in a simple predator/two-prey system, two species of larval mosquitoes (Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus) are preferentially consumed over an alternative zooplankton by the copepod predator Acanthocyclops vernalis.
Careers, Industries, and Occupations

Two strands of structuralism have become prominent in stratification research in recent years. The first is the focus on labor market structures as mediating contexts for the determination of socioeconomic rewards. Baron and Bielby have introduced the phrase “the new structuralism” in urging the centrality of organizations in the analysis of social stratification (Baron and Bielby, 1980; see also Kalleberg and Berg, 1987). They delineated a series of levels for structuralist analysis, ranging from the job to the firm to the industrial sector. At the most aggregated level of this continuum, researchers have identified economic sectors that influence the distribution of social rewards (Beck, Horan, and Tolbert, 1978; Berg, 1981; Bibb and Form, 1977; Tolbert, Horan, and Beck, 1980). Other important structural research has focused on the effects of local labor markets on the income determination process (Parcel and Mueller, 1983), the sex segregation of occupations (Jacobs, 1983a; Reskin, 1984; Rosenfeld, 1983), and demographic constraints on careers within corporate settings (Rosenbaum, 1984; Stewman and Konda, 1983). Two reviews summarize much of this structural research (Baron, 1984; Kalleberg and Sorenson, 1979).