cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigation of nanoparticle agglomeration on the effective thermal conductivity of a composite material

Abstract The viability of organic phase change materials (PCMs), such as paraffin wax, for passive thermal management of portable electronics improves if the PCM overall bulk thermal conductivity is increased through the addition of highly conducting nanoparticles. Previous work has suggested the possibility of increasing the bulk thermal conductivity of composite materials through the controlled agglomeration of nanoparticles, yet no theoretical study has been performed to investigate the conditions under which the bulk thermal conductivity enhancement is achieved. Therefore, this study examines the influence of both spherical clustering and linear percolation network formation on the resultant bulk conductivity. This approach uses effective medium and percolation theories for unpercolated and percolated areas, respectively. Theoretical approaches are shown for spherical clustering and a 1-d conduction model of linear percolation networks, and finite element analysis (FEA) is used for a 2-d conduction model of linear percolation networks. The results for herringbone graphite nanofibers (HGNFs) in a paraffin matrix suggest that spherical clustering and linear agglomeration tend to reduce the bulk thermal conductivity, which agrees with experimental observations. However, linear percolation networks may enhance the effective thermal conductivity when large inclusion–matrix to inclusion–inclusion Kapitza resistance ratios are used.
Defect Detection in Fuel Cell Gas Diffusion Electrodes Using Infrared Thermography

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells are energy conversion devices that offer high power densities and high efficiencies for mobile and other applications. Successful introduction into the marketplace requires addressing cost barriers such as production volumes and platinum loading. For cost reduction, it is vital to minimize waste and maximize quality during the manufacturing of platinum-containing electrodes, including gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs). In this work, we report on developing a quality control diagnostic for GDEs, involving creating an ex situ exothermic reaction on the electrode surface and using infrared thermography to measure the resulting temperature profile. Experiments with a moving GDE containing created defects were conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the diagnostic for real-time web-line inspection.
In-situ material state monitoring using embedded CdSe quantum dots

The development of new, smart materials capable of intrinsically detecting and communicating the occurrence of external loads and resultant damage present in a material will be crucial in the advancement of future structural health monitoring (SHM) and nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technologies. Traditionally, many SHM and NDE approaches have relied on the use of physical sensors to monitor a structure for damage, but are often hindered by their requirements for power consumption and large-scale data collection. In this work, we seek to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasmall, white-light emitting Cadmium Selenide quantum dots (CdSe QDs) as an alternative to providing in-situ material state monitoring capabilities, while also aiming to reduce reliance on data collection and power consumption to effectively monitor a material and structure for damage. To achieve this goal, CdSe QDs are embedded in an optically clear epoxy composite matrix and exposed to external mechanical loadings. Initial results show a corresponding relationship between the shifts in observed emission spectra and external load for samples containing CdSe QDs. The effectiveness of CdSe QDs as a surface strain gauge on aluminum and fiberglass are also investigated in this paper. By monitoring changes in the emission spectra for materials containing CdSe QDs before, during and after the application of external loads, the effectiveness of CdSe QDs for communicating the occurrence of external loads acting on a material and detecting changes in material state is evaluated.
The influence of gender ideologies on individual knowledge construction in the face of neoliberalism: The case of mommy bloggers involved in the GMO labeling movement

The genetically modified organism (GMO) labeling movement in the US has increased in intensity nearly twenty years after GMOs were introduced to supermarkets in 1994 and large anti-GMO SMOs formed in the 1990s. Social movement organizations have mobilized at the national, state, local, and grassroots levels with participation in the movement taking different forms. One of the most prominent arguments of the movement is that people should have a right to choose what they purchase. This argument is based on the idea that people should be able to make informed choices about what they are feeding their families. As the GMO labeling movement has gained momentum nationwide, online participation in the movement has increased and mommy bloggers have become involved in the movement through using their blogs to advocate in favor of mandatory GMO labeling. Mommy bloggers express their arguments in favor of labeling in the context of motherhood, being a good mother, and the health and safety of their families. I analyzed interviews with 18 informants involved in the GMO labeling movement and conducted participant observation of two GMO labeling meetings to understand what they view as the major goals and concerns of the movement. I then compare the analysis of the interviews and participant observation to a qualitative content analysis of 15 “mommy blogs” to understand whether these mommy bloggers’ arguments in favor of GMO labeling align with the arguments made by formal organizations in the movement. I draw on feminist standpoint theories and political economy critiques of food movements as I question what the alignment of these arguments suggests about the power of gender ideologies and structures in comparison to the power of neoliberal ideologies in individual knowledge construction.
The Impact of Fiscal Limits on State Revenue Volatility

Recent headlines suggest that state revenue volatility has important consequences regarding public administration and the choices state governments make. This work explores the connection between fiscal limits—specifically, tax and expenditure limitations (TELs), balanced-budget rules (BBRs), and super-majority voting requirements (SMRs)—and state revenue volatility. While growth is the most common measure for judging the impact of fiscal constraints, there is a growing literature that argues that volatility, or risk, of state revenue streams is equally important. This work looks at 48 states (Alaska and Nebraska are dropped) over a 37-year period (1969-2005) to assess how fiscal constraints are associated with the volatility of state revenue streams. The evidence suggests that states with strict BBRs and SMRs tend to have lower levels of revenue volatility, while strict TELs tend to be associated with higher levels of revenue volatility. However, given that states often have adopted more than one of thes...
Alcohol production and recovery

Alcohol production is receiving increasing attention as a potential transportation fuel. The main feedstocks for the fermentative production of ethanol by yeast are sugar, starch and cellulosic feedstocks. Conventional ethanol production technology by fermentation is reviewed, and the conventional distillation of ethanol from the broth is described. New advances in feedstock preparations including starch and cellulosic raw materials are reviewed and their impact on their fermentation is assessed. Continuous fermentation and continuous fermentation with cell recycle provide opportunities for more efficient alcohol production. Alternatives to energy intensive conventional distillation of alcohol include two-pressure distillation and various novel techniques such as dehydration and solvent extraction. A review of alcohol production economics is included.
The Fast Zone for Reentry.

Reentry is the most common mechanism for arrhythmia in patients treated in the electrophysiology laboratory. Mapping and defining the exact circuit to then allow targeting an ideal site for ablation is challenging.1 However, as reentry usually involves a relatively large circuit often coupled with a discrete slow zone of conduction, we are able to use the classical techniques of entrainment mapping to find and ablate the circuit isthmus containing the slow zone ablation for permanent elimination.2,3 See Article by Liu et al Typically, slow zones for conduction occur as a result of diseased myocardium in the vicinity of scars in patients with structural heart disease. Reentry seen in normal hearts often has the atrioventricular node serving as the primary slow zone of the tachycardia circuit, for example, in atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia and accessory pathway-related tachycardia. Indeed, nodoventricular tachycardia, although a rare tachycardia, exists because of atrioventricular nodal participation unlike patients with a fasciculoventricular tract where no tachycardia has been described likely because of the absence of a slow zone. Reentry that involves the conduction system is in some ways paradoxical because the Purkinje system is specialized tissue with fast conduction velocity. Bundle branch reentrant tachycardia does occur but almost always in severely diseased hearts with both slowed conduction through the Purkinje tissue and diseased myocardium forming parts of the circuit.4 Left posterior fascicular tachycardia is an enigmatic arrhythmia that occurs in normal hearts. The involvement of the conduction system with no apparent slow zone and success with discrete ablation at apparently normal tissue yet with clear characteristics of reentry based on entrainment makes this arrhythmia unique and difficult to approach.5 Treating the arrhythmia as a small circuit reentry akin to a focal …
Zero-Phonon and Phonon-Assisted Radiative Transitions of Donor-Acceptor Pairs in Luminescent Semiconductors

The theoretical basis for the zero-phonon line and phonon-assisted broad band luminescence of donor-acceptor pairs is considered. For the known cases of pair spectra the electronic orbital time is shown to be short compared to the period of polar lattice modes. We derive detailed justification for the use of the static dielectric constant in the Coulomb interaction term for the line spectra. The effective Hamiltonian relevant to the zero-phonon transitions is formulated. The theory including configuration interaction and effects of lattice polarization is formulated for symmetrical pairs which have equal electron and positive hole orbital radii, and applied to the spectrum of gallium phosphide doped with tin and zinc.
Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics with Tight-Binding Fragment Molecular Orbitals

This work presents a nonadiabatic molecular dynamics methodology that relies on the use of fragment molecular orbitals computed using tight-binding Hamiltonians. The approach aims to model charge and energy transfer in large systems via quantum-classical trajectory-based approaches. The technique relies on a chemically motivated fragmentation of the overall system into arbitrary fragments. Several types of fragment molecular orbitals (FMO) can be constructed and used in nonadiabatic simulations, comprising quasidiabatic, adiabatic, and Lowdin-transformed ones. The adiabatic FMOs are found to be most suitable for modeling nonadiabatic dynamics in complex molecular systems. The overall algorithm shows advantageous scaling properties, making it possible to model long time scale charge transfer processes in large systems with many hundreds of atoms. The approach is applied to study charge transfer in subphtalocyanine(SubPc)/C60 heterojunction. The computational results emphasize the importance of decoherence ...
Mid-infrared high-efficiency plasmonic flat lens (Conference Presentation)

Conventional optical elements such as lenses, waveplates and polarizers function by adding phase delays to the propagating light. The thicknesses of these dielectric optical components are much larger than wavelength to accumulate 0-π phase shift. Moreover, spherical aberration and diffraction limit restrict their usage in integrated photonics circuits. Metasurface based lenses change the phase of transmitted and reflected electromagnetic waves significantly at resonance by exciting surface plasmons on the metallic arrays with thickness much lower than the wavelength of the incident light. However, previous demonstrations of plasmonic lens suffer from low transmission efficiency (< 20%) due to the high plasmonic losses. We overcame this shortcoming to some extend by engineering plasmonic coupling and demonstrated a relatively high 75% transmission in the mid infrared spectral domain. In this proposed work, coupled one dimensional array of gold disks with variable diameters have been employed to add varying phases to the transmitted light in order to create the phase front curvature in mid-IR wavelength range needed for the focusing of the incident radiation. The designed nanostructured surface achieves a resolution beyond the diffraction limit in thin-film planar geometry. The focal point, resolution and transmission efficiency can be tuned by various parameters such as period, diameters, and the size of the disks. The confocal measurement method has been performed to measure the far field focal volume of the fabricated lens, which is in good agreement with the theoretical results. Thin-film planar layout and subwavelength resolution mitigate the limitations of conventional optical elements.
Signatures of chaos in the Brillouin zone

When the classical dynamics of a particle in a finite two-dimensional billiard undergoes a transition to chaos, the quantum dynamics of the particle also shows manifestations of chaos in the form of scarring of wave functions and changes in energy level spacing distributions. If we “tile” an infinite plane with such billiards, we find that the Bloch states on the lattice undergo avoided crossings, energy level spacing statistics change from Poisson-like to Wigner-like, and energy sheets of the Brillouin zone begin to “mix” as the classical dynamics of the billiard changes from regular to chaotic behavior.
Tungsten pentacarbonyl complexes of 1,3-benzoxaphospholes

Abstract 2-R-1,3-Benzoxaphospholes (R-BOPs) are examples of fluorescent conjugated materials possessing low coordinate phosphorus centers. A series of 2-(p-XC6H4)-BOPs (X = H, Cl, Br, Me, OMe) react with [W(CO)5(NCMe)] to produce the crystalline complexes [W(CO)5(2-Ar-BOP)] (2a-e). All complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structures all displayed extensive π-stacking of the BOP ligands and gear locking of the CO groups. Addition of the protecting [W(CO)5] group to the BOPs was discovered to significantly diminish fluorescence of the BOP moiety.
Possible Anthropogenic Influences on Stratospheric Ozone

The intensity of radiation emitted from the sun has its maximum at wavelengths near 500 nm, consistent with its 6000K surface temperature, and is presumed to have done so without large variations for hundreds of millions of years. The natural solar satellites, including the Earth, must therefore have evolved in ways which are responsive to this constant photochemical bombardment. Our usual designations for the various portions of the solar spectrum are oriented toward homo sapiens and the possession by that biological species of an efficient photon detection system which is both extremely sensitive toward solar radiation and capable of discrimination among the various wavelengths of light 760 nm (“red”) to 400 nm (“violet”). Not surprisingly, the wavelengths of radiation detected by the eye of man include the broad band covering the most intense solar emission. Our description system further classifies solar radiation not detected by the human eye into those wavelengths which are longer than those in the visible region, i.e. infrared, with λ>760 nm, and those wavelengths shorter, i.e. ultraviolet with λ<400 nm.
The Conscience of an MFM.

Much has been written about conscience-based objections to the provision of reproductive abortion services. Nevertheless, conscience may drive providers in the other direction as well: OB/GYNs may, in fact, decide to provide these services because of their well-considered moral, ethical, and religious convictions.
Comparison of Brief Summary Formats Through a Health Literacy Lens.

Print pharmaceutical advertisements in the United States require inclusion of a brief summary of side effects, warnings, precautions, and contraindications from the labeling. The full package insert, which sponsors have traditionally used to fulfill the brief summary requirement, does not adhere to health literacy best practices, limiting its value to consumers. This study compared the understandability and usability of brief summaries in 3 formats designed to be more consumer friendly. Three brief summary formats were tested: (1) 2-column “Question and Answer”; (2) “Prescription Drug Facts Box,” similar to current US over-the-counter drug facts labeling; and (3) “Health Literacy,” based on clear communication principles. Researchers evaluated the formats using the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) tool and conducted structured, scripted, one-on-one interviews (usability tests) with participants with estimated low to average education levels. This research was replicated across 2 therapeutic areas (type 2 diabetes and plaque psoriasis). SAM scores showed that the Health Literacy format outperformed the Question and Answer format and the Prescription Drug Facts Box format in both therapeutic areas, with both Health Literacy brief summaries rated on the SAM as “superior.” Qualitative usability tests supported the SAM findings, with the Health Literacy format preferred consistently over the Question and Answer format, and more often than not over the Prescription Drug Facts Box format. Sponsors can employ a user-tested Health Literacy format to improve the understandability and usability of brief summaries with patients.
A Multidisciplinary Undergraduate Alternative Energy Engineering Course

Contribution: A novel multidisciplinary undergraduate course on alternative energy (AE) engineering that addresses gaps in current AE education, provides hands on skills, and matches topical coverage with societal needs. Background: Resource depletion and emissions associated with burning fossil fuels have led to growing worldwide interest in electricity production from non-fossil fuel, or alternative, energy sources. Recently there has been rapid growth of AE sources such as wind and solar photovoltaics. Societal and economic factors contribute to this continuing trend. Recent research has shown the urgent need for structured AE course curricula; engineering education in this multidisciplinary field is essential to support continued growth in this field. Intended Outcomes: A new approach to AE engineering education at the undergraduate level. Specifically, a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach that fills identified gaps in AE education. Application Design: The design of the course includes lectures, laboratories, and a hybrid power system design project focusing on economic integration of AE in power systems. Topics include principles of energy conversion, energy storage, and integration of solar thermal, solar photovoltaic, wind, hydroelectric and fuel cell AE sources into power systems. Societal needs are addressed through focus on industry structure, technology, economics and policies pertaining to AE. Findings: Learning outcome assessment demonstrate the validity of the proposed course for multidisciplinary alternative energy engineering education.
Weakness of will and character

Some people, as we all know, are weak-willed, some more than others. This weakness is commonly regarded as a defect in a person, and when someone fails to meet his obligations from weakness of will this is not usually counted as an adequate excuse. Even when the weakness is manifested in morally innocent behavior, it tends to evoke contemptuous humor from others and feelings of shame in the agent. To the moral philosopher concerned with virtues and vices these facts raise both traditional questions and special puzzles. The traditional questions regarding any putative defect of character are “What is it?,” “What reasons does one have for trying to avoid it?,” and “What grounds, if any, are there for regarding it as a moral defect?” When we turn these questions specifically to weakness of will, we encounter the special puzzles. For example, if weakness of will is really a moral vice, why is the “lack of will power” of the compulsive eater, the alcoholic, etc., so often treated as a disability, calling for sympathy, understanding, and medical intervention rather than a defect of character calling for blame? If, on the other hand, weakness of will is a disability, like physical weakness, why is it not as readily counted as an excuse? Again, how can we regard weakness of will as a moral vice if so many of its manifestations are not themselves morally wrong?
Structured Megatrends Research as Foundation for Future-Oriented Research-Planning and R&D Roadmapping in Robotics

It is impossible to foresee the future. However, in today’s Anthropocene, as todays era in the world’s history is called - an era mostly influenced by human inventions and technological disruptions - carrying a crystal ball would be more important than ever. Product lifecycles get shorter and shorter and technologies progress with an increasing speed. There is hope, though: The so-called ‘megatrends’ are a well-accepted indicator to predict what will drive and bother the world of tomorrow. Their analysis can help to identify upcoming challenges and potential scenarios for the future of societies and humankind. Therefore, it has to be assumed that the most impactful megatrends will also deeply affect the development as well as the application of robotics and automation. The rapid advances in inventing new automation solutions and robotic systems will have an impact on our private everyday life and on the future working conditions. This paper lays foundation for further research, comparing various scientific megatrend studies, seeking to quantify their importance and to determine their impact on the field of robotics.
A Team Disclosure of Error Educational Activity: Objective Outcomes

Medical errors can involve multiple team members. Few curricula are being developed to provide instruction on disclosing medical errors that include simulation training with interprofessional team disclosure. To explore more objective evidence for the value of an educational activity on team disclosure of errors, faculty developed and assessed the effectiveness of a multimodal educational activity for learning team-based disclosure of a medical error. This study employed a methodological triangulation research design. Participants (N = 458) included students enrolled in academic programs at three separate institutions. The activity allowed students to practice team communication while: (1) discussing a medical error within the team; (2) planning for the disclosure of the error; and (3) conducting the disclosure. Faculty assessed individual student's change in knowledge and, using a rubric, rated the performance of the student teams during a simulation with a standardized family member (SFM). Students had a high level of preexisting knowledge and demonstrated the greatest knowledge gains in questions regarding the approach to disclosure (P < .001) and timing of an apology (P < .001). Both SFMs and individual students rated the team error disclosure behavior highly (rho = 0.54; P < .001). Most participants (more than 80%) felt the activity was worth their time and that they were more comfortable with disclosing a medical error as a result of having completed the activity. This activity for interprofessional simulation of team-based disclosure of a medical error was effective for teaching students about and how to perform this type of important disclosure.
Identifying Critical Components of Classroom Management Implementation

Abstract Research suggests that class-wide academic engagement can be improved by research-based classroom management. However, teachers struggle to implement classroom management consistently and ...
Review: The Great Woman Singer: Gender and Voice in Puerto Rican Music by Licia Fiol-Matta

Licia Fiol-Matta. The Great Woman Singer: Gender and Voice in Puerto Rican Music . Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 312 pp. The Great Woman Singer: Gender and Voice in Puerto Rican Music by Licia Fiol-Matta offers a luminous account of the careers and voices of four Puerto Rican singers: Myrta
Guiding change in higher education: an emergent, iterative application of Kotter’s change model

While university change initiatives have become more common in the face of changing learner needs and higher education funding, many fail to produce desired effects, even when guided by organizatio...
Psychogenic Nonepileptic Attacks

Video-EEG monitoring is the gold standard to obtain a definitive diagnosis in people with paroxysmal neurological events in need of clinical clarification. Approximately 20–30% of patients will have a diagnosis of nonepileptic attacks when evaluated by video-EEG monitoring. The specificity of an epileptiform EEG is high, and overall, only 1–2% of adult patients with abnormal interictal epileptiform discharges do not have clinical evidence of epilepsy at the time they are identified. However, there are pitfalls to EEG interpretation and benign waveforms may be misinterpreted as abnormal and lead to mistreatment of patients with recurrent nonepileptic attacks as though they represent manifestations of epilepsy. Ninety percent of nonepileptic attacks will have a psychogenic cause. Cognitive behavioral therapy tailored to the individual by neuropsychology is a treatment of choice in conjunction with medication treatment by psychiatry to address psychological comorbidities. Many patients with nonepileptic attacks are “disabled” by their “seizures”. Due to the unpredictable and inability to control them it is important to recognize nonepileptic attacks to reverse the over-treatment of people as epilepsy and initiate the correct treatment for the true underlying cause of the spells. These may continue for years until the true diagnosis invokes appropriate therapy promoting disability similar to people with epilepsy.
A Scale of Consumer Wisdom: An Abstract

Luchs and Mick (2018) developed an empirically derived five-facet theoretical framework of consumer wisdom which we use as a starting point for the development of a measurement scale. Our first step was to generate a set of 120 potential scale items that were then administered to an online sample of 286 Prolific Academic participants. An exploratory factor analysis suggested a six-factor model. We retained 24 items based on factor loadings and conceptual breadth. We named these factors as: Lifestyle responsibility, Purpose, Flexibility, Perspective, Prudent reasoning, and Transcendence. Next, we tested a hierarchical model in which a single higher-order consumer wisdom factor predicts the six lower-order factors. The results of confirmatory factor analysis reached acceptable levels of model fit per Netemeyer et al. (2003).
Effect of long-term low dose glucocorticoid on children with bronchial asthma

Objectives: To investigate the clinical efficacy of long-term of low-dose inhaled glucocorticoid (ICS) in the treatment on children with bronchial asthma, and to evaluate its effects on the height, weight and expression of serum insulin-like growth factor of children with bronchial asthma. Methods: 91 children with bronchial asthma treated in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2017 were chosen, and 31 healthy children without asthma history in our hospital were selected as the control group (Group C); For the different treatment methods comparison, 91 children with bronchial asthma were divided into treatment group A (48 children) and treatment group B (43 children) randomly. In treatment group A, children were treated with low-dose ICS for more than 1 year; in treatment group B, children were treated with low-dose ICS for less than 1 year or received low-dose ICS for less than 2 months/year. For treatment evaluation, the asthma control test (C-ACT) were scored at 0 months, 12 months and 24 months in three groups, and the height and weight of children, the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in serum in each group were also measured. Results: In the control group, the C-ACT scores were increased with time (P 0.05); there was no significant difference in the expression levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in serum between treatment group and control group (P>0.05). Compared with the C-ACT scores in treatment group A and treatment group B at 0 month, the C-ACT scores were significantly higher at 12 months and at 24 months , and there was a statistical difference among 0 month, 12 months and at 24 months in treatment group A and treatment group B (P<0.01); The C-ACT score of treatment group A at the 12 month was significantly higher than that in treatment group B at the 12 months(P<0.05), and the C-ACT score in treatment group A at the 24 months was significantly higher than that of treatment group B (P<0.001). Conclusions: Treatment for children with bronchial asthma by long-term use of low-dose ICS is safe and effective, it does not affect health and development of children with bronchial asthma; children with bronchial asthma were treated with low-dose ICS for more than 1 year had a better effective than children were treated with low-dose ICS for less than 1 year or received low-dose ICS for less than 2 months/year.
α lean TAP: A Declarative Theorem Prover for First-Order Classical Logic

We present α lean TA P , adeclarative tableau-based theorem prover written as a purerelation. Like lean TA P , on which it is based,α lean TA P can prove groundtheorems in first-order classical logic. Since it is declarative,α lean TA P generates theorems and accepts non-ground theorems and proofs. The lack ofmode restrictions also allows the user to provide guidance inproving complex theorems and to ask the prover to instantiatenon-ground parts of theorems. We present a complete implementationof α lean TA P , beginning with atranslation of lean TA P intoα Kanren, an embedding of nominal logic programmingin Scheme. We then show how to use a combination of tagging andnominal unification to eliminate the impure operators inheritedfrom lean TA P , resulting in a purely declarativetheorem prover.
Unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a patient with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia and iron overload.

Buchbinder D, Nugent D, Vu D, Soni A, Stites J, Hsieh L, Puthenveetil G. Unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a patient with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia and iron overload. Abstract: CDA is a heterogenous group of disorders that result in morphologically abnormal erythroid maturation and ineffective erythropoiesis. Curative therapy for CDA focuses on the use of HSCT using fully matched sibling donors. This is the first report of a Type II CDA patient with severe iron overload who was successfully treated with HSCT using a HLA-matched unrelated donor after aggressive chelation therapy. Given the challenges of HSCT in any patient with CDA and severe iron overload, the role of novel approaches to iron chelation and HSCT is discussed.
An evaluation of the Beltman traffic safety program for children.

(1984). An Evaluation of the Beltman Traffic Safety Program for Children. Health Education: Vol. 15, No. 5, pp. 51-53.
Entity-relationship modeling: historical events, future trends, and lessons learned

This paper describes the historical developments of the Entity-Relationship (ER) model from the 1970s to recent years. It starts with a discussion of the motivations and environmental factors in the early days. Then, the paper points out the role of the ER model in the Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) movement in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It also describes the possible role of the author's Chinese cultural heritage in the development of the ER model. In that context, the relationships between natural languages (including Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics) and ER concepts are explored. Finally, the lessons learned and future directions are presented.
Non-negative matrix factorization clustering on multiple manifolds

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is a widely used technique in many applications such as clustering. It approximates the nonnegative data in an original high dimensional space with a linear representation in a low dimensional space by using the product of two nonnegative matrices. In many applications with data such as human faces or digits, data often reside on multiple manifolds, which may overlap or intersect. But the traditional NMF method and other existing variants of NMF do not consider this. This paper proposes a novel clustering algorithm that explicitly models the intrinsic geometrical structure of the data on multiple manifolds with NMF. The idea of the proposed algorithm is that a data point generated by several neighboring points on a specific manifold in the original space should be constructed in a similar way in the low dimensional subspace. A set of experimental results on two real world datasets demonstrate the advantage of the proposed algorithm.
Using Data to Improve Student Learning in High Schools

This book helps you make sense of the data your school collects, including state student achievement results as well as other qualitative and quantitative data. Easy-to-use templates, tools, and examples are available on the accompanying downloadable resources. High stakes accountability requires that you develop your understanding of who your students are and how to get them where you want them to be.
cAMP-induced switching in turning direction of nerve growth cones

Development of the nervous system depends on the correct pathfinding and target recognition by the growing tip of an axon, the growth cone. Diffusible or substrate-bound molecules present in the environment may serve as either attractants or repellents to influence the direction of growth-cone extension. Here we report that differences in cyclic-AMP-dependent activity in a neuron may result in opposite turning of the growth cone in response to the same guidance cue. A gradient of brain-derived neurotrophic factor normally triggers an attractive turning response of the growth cone of Xenopus spinal neurons in culture, but the same gradient induces repulsive turning of these growth cones in the presence of a competitive analogue of cAMP or of a specific inhibitor of protein kinase A. This cAMP-dependent switch of the turning response was also found for turning induced by acetylcholine, but not for the turning induced by neurotrophin-3 (NT-3). Thus, in the presence of other factors that modulate neuronal cAMP-dependent activity, the same guidance cue may trigger opposite turning behaviours of the growth cone during its pathfinding in the nervous system.
Information Theory of Radar and Sonar Waveforms

The sections in this article are 1 Matched Filter Processing 2 The Ambiguity Function 3 Radar Waveform Design 4 Current and Future Directions Keywords: ambiguity function; synthetic aperture; uncertainty ellipse; resolution; range-doppler; coherent; noncoherent
Gel electrofocusing in tubes containing Sephadex

Gel electrofocusing (EF) on Sephadex G-75, which provides relatively non-restrictive pore sizes and relatively broad protein concentration distributions (which reduces concentration-dependent aggregation), was adapted for use in glass tubes. This allows for EF with meticulously controlled low temperatures in conjunction with large sample and gel volumes. Specifically, the technique was developed for EF of steroid receptors, which are highly sensitive to temperature (temperature transformed), and whose aggregation behavior excluded the use of polyacrylamide or agarose gels. The technique uses the temperature-controlled apparatus designed for quantitative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with three additions. These are a) a 12-place evacuation device for forming simultaneously 12 cylindrical Sephadex gels (either 6 or 18 mm diameter), b) an electrode arrangement capable of maintaining the same regulated voltage across several gel tubes, and c) a jacket and lid of polyurethane foam to insulate the electrolyte chambers of the EF apparatus.
E. M. Jellinek and the evolution of alcohol studies: a critical essay

The career of E.M. Jellinek and his impact on the evolution of the modern alcohol studies field is examined. Special attention is paid to his statistical and theoretical contributions, his work with the Yale Section of Alcohol Studies and the World Health Organization, and his own evolving perspective toward alcohol problems.
Spatial refueling patterns of alternative-fuel and gasoline vehicle drivers in Los Angeles

Abstract In this study, we survey about 50 consumers at each of five compressed natural gas stations in the greater Los Angeles region, and at five nearby gasoline stations as a control group. We surveyed drivers at the stations while they refueled, and asked them for their previous and next stops, the type of activities they engaged in before and after refueling, where they live, and other questions about themselves, their vehicles, and why they refueled where they did. Using geographic information systems, we calculated trade areas for each station, distance from home, and the degree to which they deviated from their shortest paths to refuel. Results confirm the willingness and/or necessity of early adopters of natural gas vehicles to refuel farther from home and more frequently in the middle of a trip, and detour farther off their least travel-time routes, than gasoline drivers. In particular, natural gas drivers show a willingness to deviate up to 6 min from their routes, and also refuel more on work-based trips and less on home-anchored trips than gasoline drivers.
Vibrational frequencies and structural determinations of 1,1-dicyanocyclopropane.

Abstract The vibrational frequencies and corresponding normal mode assignments of 1,1-dicyanocyclopropane are examined theoretically using the Gaussian98 set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one nine types of motion predicted by a group theoretical analysis (C–H stretch, CN stretch, C–C stretch, C–CN bend, C–C–C bend, CH 2 scissors, CH 2 wag, CH 2 rock, CH 2 twist) utilizing the C 2 v symmetry of the molecule. The molecular orbitals of 1,1-dicyanocyclopropane are also examined.
Values and Counselors 1968–1978: Stability or Change?

The signs of the times of the 1960s seem very different from those of the 1970s, as different popular movements emphasized different values. Yet there is doubt about the change in values of specific professional groups. In this study students in counselor education at one university were compared regarding values—one group in 1968 and another group in 1978—using the Rokeach Value Survey. Katz and Beech indicate the likenesses and differences in values between the two groups and analyze similarities and dissimilarities of the future counselors with the general population during the 1960s and 1970s.
Modeling the dynamics of mountain pine beetle aggregation in a lodgepole pine stand.

At least once a year the mountain pine beetle searches for lodgepole pines that provide a suitable habitat for a new brood. After attacking females feed, they produce an attractant pheromone that causes beetles to aggregate and, during outbreaks, to usually mass attack the "focus" tree. Near the completion of mass attack, incoming beetles are repelled and initiate attacks on adjacent "recipient" trees. An understanding of this "switching" process is useful for prescribing measures that minimize beetle damage.A mathematical model was developed to (1) describe beetle aggregation, (2) predict the relation of tree susceptibility and switching to changes in beetle density, (3) provide a structure for current knowledge, and (4) pose questions for further research. The model indicates that a high population density ensures mass aggregation and consequently successful tree colonization and switching. The model also indicates that the number of beetles attracted per attacking beetle differs from tree to tree, possibly depending on resin quality and production and/or the local flying density of beetles. Field and model results indicate that tree size appears to affect the repellence of beetles, suggesting that the attack density or the visual attractiveness of large trees is a factor. Further research could be directed at our assumptions on host resistance, repellence, pheromone emission rates, threshold concentrations, navigation, and pheromone dispersion.
Commentary: Does needle injection cause disc degeneration? News in the continuing debate regarding pathophysiology associated with intradiscal injections.

COMMENTARY ON Gruber HE, Rhyne AL, Hansen KJ, et al. Deleterious effects of discography radiocontrast solution on human annulus cell in vitro: changes in cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis in exposed cells. Spine J 2012;12:329–35 ( in this issue ).
Platelet glass bead retention predicts bleeding after cardiac surgery

Abstract Objective: To determine if the platelet glass bead retention assay can predict bleeding after cardiac surgery. Design: Prospective, observational study. Setting: Large, tertiary care, academic medical center. Participants: Forty-three adult patients scheduled to undergo elective cardiac surgery employing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Measurements and Main Results: Whole blood samples were observed for platelet count, prothrombin time, and platelet (glass bead) retention assay. The platelet retention and prothrombin times were independent univariant and multivariant predictors of bleeding after CPB (r = 0.554, p = 0.0002 and r = 0.655, p = 0.00001). Conclusion: The platelet glass bead retention assay measures dynamic platelet function and is sensitive to the CPB-induced adhesion and aggregation defect and correlates with postoperative blood loss. Modification of this platelet function assay used with the prothrombin time may provide a simple and effective diagnostic approach to bleeding after CPB. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company
Detection and identification of Mycobacterium directly from BACTEC bottles by using a DNA-rRNA probe

Abstract Detection and identification of mycobacterial species using DNA-rRNA probes from colonies has been used for some time. Guidelines for probe use with a specific minimum growth index (GI) cutoff from Bactec 12B bottles or its use with 7H9 broth has not been defined. This study defined this minimum GI guideline. Clinical specimens received during the study period were decontaminated and directly inoculated into Bactec 12B bottles and appropriate solid media. An initial probe test was performed at a GI reading of ⩾100. An additional probe test was made at GI of ⩾300. A total of 1377 specimens were processed with 98 specimens containing 99 isolates of Mycobacterium . Of these, 82 were M. avium complex (MAC), six were M. tuberculosis (Mtb), and 11 were other species. At a GI of ⩾100, 82% of MAC were detected; at a GI of ⩾300, 89% were detected. All Mtb were detected at a GI of ⩾100. The probes correctly identified all isolates from backup 7H9 broths. There were no false-positive probe results for any of the isolates from either Bactec 12B or 7H9 media. Therefore, the DNA-rRNA probe test at a GI of ⩾300 saves considerable time (on average, 21 days saved) for the detection and identification of Mtb and MAC. This time saving compares with waiting for the production of colonies while retaining acceptable sensitivity and excellent specificity.
Theory of electrostatic fluid modes in a cold spheroidal non-neutral plasma.

The normal modes of a magnetized spheroidally shaped pure ion plasma have recently been measured. Here the theory of these modes is presented. Although one might expect that a numerical solution is required (because the plasma dielectric is anisotropic and the plasma is inhomogeneous), the problem is actually separable in an unusual coordinate system. The result is a simple electrostatic fluid dispersion relation for modes in a cloud of any spheroidal shape.
The Maximum Principle for Banach Space Valued Harmonic Functions

Abstract For a real banach space X the maximum principle holds for every X -valued harmonic function if and only if X is a strictly convex Banach space.
The Effect of Sex Role Differences on the Societal Reaction to Mental Retardation

This paper investigates the thesis that sex role definitions in the U.S. support a double standard in societal reactions to mental incompetence. Role expectations for women are such that females are generally expected to be less competent than males in a variety of instrumental tasks, although perhaps more expressive. Males in turn are expected to be more active and aggressive than females in their exercise of the greater power and responsibility ascribed to them. In light of these generalized expectations we suggest that incompetence in instrumental fields is more disturbing when demonstrated by males, and we hypothesize that societal reactions to the mental deficiencies of males are more prompt and severe. The paper supports this hypothesis with data suggesting that mentally retarded males are more likely to be institutionalized than retarded females, and that males tend to be institutionalized at earlier ages and for milder disorders. It is noted that these data are consistent with previously reported data on mental illness.
UrbanSim: interaction and participation in integrated urban land use, transportation, and environmental modeling

The process of planning and constructing a new light rail system or freeway, setting an urban growth boundary, changing tax policy, or modifying zoning and land use plans is often politically charged. Our goal in the UrbanSim project is to provide tools for stakeholders to be able to consider different scenarios, and then to evaluate these scenarios by modeling the resulting patterns of urban growth and redevelopment, of transportation usage, and of environmental impacts, over periods of 20-30 years. UrbanSim, combined with transportation models and macroeconomic inputs, performs simulations of the interactions among urban development, transportation, land use, and environmental impacts. It consists of a set of interacting component models that simulate different actors or processes within the urban environment.
The extravehicular mobility unit: A review of environment, requirements, and design changes in the US spacesuit

Abstract Requirements are rarely static, and are ever more likely to evolve as the development time of a system stretches out and its service life increases. In this paper, we discuss the evolution of requirements for the US spacesuit, the extravehicular mobility unit (EMU), as a case study to highlight the need for flexibility in system design. We explore one fundamental environmental change, using the Space Shuttle EMU aboard the International Space Station, and the resulting EMU requirement and design changes. The EMU, like other complex systems, faces considerable uncertainty during its service life. Changes in the technical, political, or economic environment cause changes in requirements, which in turn necessitate design modifications or upgrades. We make the case that flexibility is a key attribute that needs to be embedded in the design of long-lived, complex systems to enable them to efficiently meet the inevitability of changing requirements after they have been fielded.