cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detectable Cardiac Troponin I Predicts Adverse Cardiac Events and Heart Failure Hospitalizations in Stable Heart Failure Outpatients

months). The same institutions and physician/care teams participated in both the RCT and long-term longitudinal follow-up, thus allowing for a more clear assessment of the technology learning curve. Results: New users of the technology were able to generate robust treatment effect sizes from the RCT period for hospitalizations and mortality. With continued experience and implementation of the PAP-HF management strategy, the same users were able to replicate their initial results and generate even larger treatment effect sizes during long-term longitudinal follow-up (Table & Figure 1). Conclusions: PAP-HF management by new users of the technology resulted in significant clinical benefit in a RCT and even larger treatment effect sizes with continued experience and implementation of the PAP-HF management strategy during long-term longitudinal follow-up. These results demonstrate the absence of a steep learning curve, the durability of the treatment effects, and its applicability in the ‘real-world’ clinical setting.
Analysis of urinary 17-ketosteroids by gas-liquid chromatography.

A method is presented for the resolution of urinary 17-ketosteroids (17-KS) by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) for clinical application. Hot acid hydrolysis with sulfuric acid is followed by ether extraction, 1 N NaOH wash, and NaOH pellets to serve for both purifying and drying agent. All steps take place in the same reaction tube and are adapted for mechanical shaking. The method allows one analyst to prepare 6-8 urine extracts and trimethylsilyl ether (TMS) derivatives in 1 working day, with GLC the next morning. A quantitative fractionation is routine within 24 hr.
Combinatorial Synthesis of Thrombin-Binding Aptamers Containing iso-Guanine

A library of all possible substitutions of guanine by iso-guanine (iG) in the thrombin aptamer was prepared by split and mix synthesis. A colorimetric assay was used to screen for functional oligomers in the library. Colorimetrically active oligonucleotides were selected and sequenced by the Maxam−Gilbert method. The sequenced oligonucleotides were individually resynthesized, and their affinities for thrombin were assayed by isothermal titration calorimetry. Three aptamer sequences containing iG were found to have enhanced binding activity to human α-thrombin compared to the parent aptamer.
Neuron development in the superior colliculus of the fetal mouse following maternal alcohol exposure

Pregnant Swiss Webster mice were given a liquid diet with ethanol (EtOH) or isocaloric amounts of maltose dextrin on gestation day (GD) 0 through 18. On GD 18, maternal blood samples were obtained. Fetuses were then removed and fetal brains were prepared for light microscopy. Fetal weight was reduced in the EtOH-exposed group. The ratio of midbrain cross sectional area to cerebral aqueduct was reduced in the ethanol group, while the density of neuronal nuclear population in both the dense outer layer (DS) and sparse inner layer (SS) of the developing superior colliculus was increased. Mean nuclear volume was decreased in the SS.
Generation of heavy ion beams using short pulse lasers

Generation of heavy ion beams from solid targets irradiated by intense short laser pulses is studied. The interest is driven by the ion beam's potential for many groundbreaking applications in scientific, technological, and medical areas [1,2]. Numerical modeling using relativistic implicit Particle-in-Cell (PIC) code has been performed to study mechanisms of heavy ion acceleration. The study aims to model the efficient production of 100s of MeV heavy ions on the Titan laser at LLNL. We explore the conventional target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA), as well as more advanced mechanisms such as the radiation pressure acceleration (RPA). We studied the energy scaling from ultrathin foils made of low-, mid- and high-z material and determined that the kinetic energy of ions increases with ion mass, while the charge-to-mass ratio gradually decreases from ~0.5 for light ions (carbon) to ~0.3 for heavy ions (gold).
Writing About Realism

All intellectual biographies leave their readers with a key decision at the end of the reading: As a result of what they have learned, do they now wish to move back to the primary sources in order to discover for themselves the riches tantalizingly displayed in the biography? Or, on the other hand, does the biography in effect "slay" the subject, however esteemed he or she may be by the author, by leaving the reader with a sense of closure, of having learned all that one wants to know about the subject? The subject, having been temporarily resuscitated, is reinterred, having nothing else to say to the reader.
Organization of amyloid-β protein precursor intracellular domain-associated protein-1 in the rat brain

Sustained activity-dependent synaptic modifications require protein synthesis. Although proteins can be synthesized locally in dendrites, long-term changes also require nuclear signaling. Amyloid-β protein precursor intracellular domain-associated protein-1 (AIDA-1), an abundant component of the biochemical postsynaptic density fraction, contains a nuclear localization sequence, making it a plausible candidate for synapse-to-nucleus signaling. We used immunohistochemistry to study the regional, cellular, and subcellular distribution of AIDA-1. Immunostaining was prominent in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and neostriatum. Along with diffuse staining of neuropil, fluorescence microscopy revealed immunostaining of excitatory synapses throughout the forebrain, and immunoreactive puncta within and directly outside the nucleus. Presynaptic staining was conspicuous in hippocampal mossy fibers. Electron microscopic analysis of material processed for postembedding immunogold revealed AIDA-1 label within postsynaptic densities in both hippocampus and cortex. Together with previous work, these data suggest that AIDA-1 serves as a direct signaling link between synapses and the nucleus in adult rat brain.
Venue-based network analysis to inform HIV prevention efforts among young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men.

In the USA, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence rates continue to increase among young gay, bisexual, and other men have sexual intercourse with men. Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) indicate interest in HIV prevention programming that is implemented in the social venues that they frequent when they want to socialize with other men. We sought to understand YMSM venues as a networked space to provide insights into venue-based HIV prevention intervention delivery. The present study used survey data reported by 526 YMSM (ages 18–24) in 2005 to conduct a venue-based social network analysis. The latter sought to determine if the structure and composition of the networks in Los Angeles could be used to facilitate the delivery of HIV prevention messages to YMSM. Degree of person sharing between venues was used to demonstrate interconnectivity between venues classified as low risk (e.g., coffee shops) and high risk (e.g., bars and clubs) by a Community Advisory Board. Sixty-five percent of the 110 venues nominated were bars and clubs. Nearly all YMSM were connected by a single venue and over 87 % were connected by the six most central venues. A handful of highly connected low-risk venues was central to the venue network and connected to popular high-risk venues. Venue-based network analysis can inform tailored HIV prevention messaging for YMSM. Targeted delivery of prevention messaging at low-risk centralized venues may lead to widespread diffusion among venue-attending YMSM.
Argininosuccinate synthetase as a marker of transformed Syrian hamster epidermal cells

Abstract Thirteen continuous lines of Syrian hamster epidermal cells were isolated following direct treatment of epidermal cells with N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, or from epidermal cells cultured from animals treated transplacentally with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene or dimethylnitrosamine. The epidermal origin of the lines was evidenced by the presence of desmosomes with radiating tonofilaments, keratin fibers, and the ability of the cells to use citrulline in place of arginine corresponding with their high argininosuccinate synthetase activity.
The effect of claw horn disruption lesions and body condition score at dry-off on survivability, reproductive performance, and milk production in the subsequent lactation

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of claw horn disruption lesions (CHDL; sole ulcers and white line disease) and body condition score (BCS) at dry-off on survivability, milk production, and reproductive performance during the subsequent lactation. An observational prospective cohort study was conducted on a large commercial dairy in Cayuga County, New York, from September 2008 until January 2009. A total of 573 cows enrolled at dry-off were scored for body condition and hoof trimmed; digits were visually inspected for the presence of CHDL. The BCS data were recategorized into a 3-level variable BCS group (BCSG), with cows with BCS 3 placed in BCSG 3 (n=206). Cows in BCSG 2 were 1.35 and 1.02 times more likely to conceive than cows in BCSG 1 and 3, respectively. The cull/death hazard for BCSG 1 cows was 1.55 and 1.47 times higher than for cows in BCSG 2 and BCSG 3, respectively. Milk yield for cows in BCSG 2 (44.6 kg/d, 95% CI 43.4-45.8) was significantly greater than that for cows in BCSG 1 (41.5 kg/d, 95% CI 39.8-43.3). Cows with previous lactation days open 14,054 kg had a similar 1.6 times higher odds of being classified into BCSG 1. Claw horn disruption lesions were found in 24.4% of the cows (n=140) at dry-off. Cows without CHDL were 1.4 times more likely to conceive than cows with CHDL. Additionally, lesion cows were 1.7 times more likely to die or be culled than nonlesion cows. Absence of CHDL did not have a significant effect on milk yield. These findings highlight the importance of claw health and BCS at the end of lactation on future survival and performance.
Bioelectronics and biometallocatalysis for production of fuels and chemicals by photosynthetic water splitting

By inserting metallocatalysts (such as platinum, osmium, or ruthenium) at the reducing site of photosystem I (PSI), electrons that emerge from PSI can be channeled to various redox reactions that could potentially produce fuels and chemicals (such as H2 and CH4, and so forth) instead of NADP+ reduction, as in natural photosynthesis. We have recently developed a technique to photoprecipitate metallocatalystsin situ at the reducing site of PSI in thylakoid membranes, using water-soluble hexachloroplatinate, hexachloroosmiate, and hexachlororuthenate at biological temperature and neutral pH. This technique combined with “rewiring” of photosynthesis is a potentially important new field of biometallocatalysis. Potential applications of biometallocatalysis will be addressed in this article.
Hepatic microsomes from freshwater fish—II. Reduction of benzo(a)pyrene metabolism by the fish anesthetics quinaldine sulfate and tricaine

Abstract 1. A single in vivo exposure of brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis ) to a 30.0 mg/l solution of quinaldine sulfate or a 112.5 mg/l solution of tricaine for 5 min significantly reduced the in vitro hydroxylation of benzo(a)pyrene. 2. Since quinaldine sulfate and tricaine formed type I and II binding spectra, respectively, with brook trout hepatic cytochrome P-450, these chemicals probably reduced benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase enzyme activity by altering the form(s) of cytochrome P-450 responsible for this activity. 3. Hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 from brook trout treated with tricaine for 5 min and then placed into fresh water 24 hr had returned to control levels. 4. Caution should be exercised in the use of quinaldine sulfate or tricaine to anesthetize fish prior to analysis of hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidases.
Going outside in Winter: A Qualitative Study of Preschool Dressing Routines.

The exploratory study focused on describing typical routines of preparing for winter outdoor play with preschool children and their teachers. Naturalistic observations, interviews and photographs resulted in extensive examples of children’s development in cognitive understanding of winter and winter-related concepts. Observations of teachers and assistants revealed task-oriented perspectives including detailed strategies and planning. Asynchronous communication and directive language were typical of teacher/child communication. Photo analyses confirmed physical skills used by preschoolers to accomplish dressing tasks and extensive curricular changes to indoor environments.
A specific enzyme assay for aminopeptidase M in rat brain.

Abstract A specific enzyme assay for aminopeptidase M (APM) activity on rat brain membranes has been developed through selective use of enzyme inhibitors. Amastatin was the most potent inhibitor (amastatin > actinonin > MDL73347 > bestatin) for purified porcine kidney APM, giving 98% inhibition at a 6 μM concentration, while actinonin, yielded only 57% inhibition at this concentration. Puromycin (10 μM) was used to inhibit puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase activity in the rat brain membrane preparation. Puromycin (10 μM) had only a slight effect on the Km of porcine kidney APM, and had negligible effect on APM velocity at the high substrate concentration (2mM) used in the APM assay. The assay produced a linear accumulation of product for increasing amount of rat brain membranes used, and for increasing incubation time. The Km of APM on rat brain membranes for L-Leucine-p-nitroanilide (0.383 mM) was similar to the Km of purified porcine kidney APM (0.558 mM). APM-activity, involved in the metabolism of several biologically important neuropeptides in different brain regions, can be specifically measured with this enzyme assay.
Free Amino Acids in Ham Muscle During Successive Aging Periods and Their Relation to Flavor

SUMMARY— The free amino acids and total ninhydrin positive material (NPM) in a 1% picric acid extract from dry-cured hams were measured after six different periods of aging. Correlation coefficients were calculated between amino acid values and taste panel scores. Significant (P < .051 increases were observed for NPM, serine, glutamic acid, threonine, leucine and isoleucine (not separated), valine, phenylalanine, proline, tyrosine, alanine, glycine and histidine during successive aging periods. Correlation coefficients between NPM and the organoleptic measurements of aged flavor, acidity, elasticity, crumbliness and softness were all highly significant. It k postulated that the increase in free amino acids can be attributed to action of the naturally occurring cathepsins. The free amino acids and their changes in concentration in relationship to flavor are discussed.
Metabolic Characteristics of Preparations of Isolated Sheep Thyroid Gland Cells. I. Activity Levels of Enzymes Concerned with Glycolysis1 and the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle1

1. The activities of enzymes involved in glucose utilization via the Embden-Meyerhof and pentose phosphate pathways and the Krebs cycle were studied in fractions prepared from homogenates of intact sheep thyroid glands and isolated cells liberated from follicles by a continuous-flow trypsinization procedure. 2. The specific activities (m∧moles of substrate converted/min/mg protein) of all soluble (nonparticulate) enzymes studied were about 3 times higher in homogenate fractions obtained from cells than in those obtained from intact follicles. This attests to the usefulness of the isolated cell preparation for the study of metabolism in the thyroid gland. 3. Glucokinase activity was found both in mitochondria and in the high-speed supernatant fraction (100,000 ×g). About 70% of the glucokinase activity was associated with mitochondria isolated from both the intact sheep thyroid tissue and the liberated parenchymal cells. 4. No evidence was found for the existence in either mitochondria or cell sap of a glu...
Reactive oxygen species and the control of vasomotor tone.

During the past 15 years it has become clear that nitric oxide (NO•) released by endothelial cells plays a crucial role in vascular homeostasis. In addition to its role as a vasodilator, NO• inhibits platelet aggregation and smooth muscle proliferation and decreases the expression of proinflammatory molecules by the endothelium. Impor tantly, the activity of the NO system is reduced in a variety of pathophysiologic condition, including atherosclerosis hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes, cigarett smoking, and aging. The mechanisms whereby these various conditions alter endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation are likely multifactorial. Several lines of evidenc have suggested that oxidative inactivation of nitric oxide is likely important in some of these conditions. These studies have shown that in the vessel, a tenuous balance exists between the steady state levels of nitric oxide and the superoxide anion (O2-•). In this review, the factors that seem to modulate vascular levels of superoxide anion and nitric oxide will be discussed and evidence that imbalances between these two can predispose to alterations of vascular regulation will be presented.
Correlation of microstructure and tensile and swelling behavior of neutron-irradiated vanadium alloys

The microstructures of V-Ti, V-Cr-Ti, and V-Ti-Si alloys were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after neutron irradiation in the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) at 420 and 600{degrees}C to influences up to 114 dpa. Two types of irradiation-induced precipitates were identified, i.e., Ti{sub 2}O and Ti{sub 5}(Si,P){sub 3}. Blocky Ti(O,N,C) precipitates, which form by thermal processes during ingot fabrication, also were observed in all unirradiated and irradiated specimens. Irradiation-induced precipitation of spherical (<15 nm in diameter) Ti{sub 5}(Si,P){sub 3} phase was associated with superior resistance to void swelling. In specimens with negligible swelling, Ti{sub 5}(Si,P){sub 3} precipitation was significant. It seems that ductility is significantly reduced when the precipitation of Ti{sub 2}O and Ti{sub 5}(Si,P){sub 3} is pronounced. These observations indicate that initial composition; fabrication processes; actual solute compositions of Ti, O, N, C, P, and Si after fabrication; O, N, and C uptake during service; and irradiation-induced precipitation ae interrelated and are important factors to consider in developing an optimized alloy. 15 refs., 8 figs.
Iron Chelation Improves Endothelial Function in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

Background—Some epidemiological studies have shown that increased iron stores are associated with increased cardiovascular events. Redox-active iron may contribute to lipid peroxidation, endothelial cell activation, and generation of reactive oxygen species (especially hydroxyl radical, via Fenton chemistry). Increased oxidative stress is associated with impaired action of endothelium-derived nitric oxide in patients with atherosclerosis. Methods and Results—To test the hypothesis that reducing vascular iron stores would reverse endothelial dysfunction, we examined the effects of the iron chelator deferoxamine (500 mg intra-arterially over 1 hour) on vasomotor function in forearm resistance vessels of patients with coronary artery disease by venous occlusion plethysmography. Patients with coronary artery disease had impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in response to methacholine compared with healthy control subjects (P<0.001). Deferoxamine infusion decreased serum iron levels (P<0.001). Deferoxam...
Challenges and opportunities for patients with HIV who educate health professionals.

Background: Patient perspectives are valuable for clinical care and teaching. Purpose: To understand personal and programmatic effects of using HIV-infected persons as teachers in courses about care of HIV-infected people. Methods: Semistructured interviews with HIV-infected faculty for New England AIDS Education and Training Center (NEAETC), addressing teaching decision and its personal, medical, and psychological consequences. Interview transcripts were analyzed via iterative, consensus building. Results: Participants reported consequences of teaching that benefited them as patients (finding health care providers, increasing their knowledge base, and receiving tangible rewards such as gifts). A deeper level of benefit was realized personally, increasing control over their life and disease. Relationships, personal and professional, changed, from unilateral to mutual, heightening a sense of their own empowerment. Teaching built support networks and aided in coping with difficult issues raised (negative em...
Photooxidation of lens proteins with xanthurenic acid: a putative chromophore for cataractogenesis.

Abstract The tryptophan metabolite, xanthurenic acid (Xan), is produced through a transamination reaction in high concentrations in human lenses with age and has been isolated from aged human cataractous lenses. It has appreciable absorption between 300 and 400 nm (λmax = 334 nm), the range absorbed by the human lens. Our recent studies have shown that unlike most tryptophan metabolites in the eye, Xan is photochemically active, producing both superoxide and singlet oxygen. To determine if Xan could act as a photosensitizer and photooxidize cytosolic lens proteins, α-, β- and γ-crystallins were irradiated (λ > 300 nm, 12 mW/cm2) in the presence and absence of Xan. Upon irradiation and in the presence of Xan, lens proteins polymerized in the order α > β > γ as assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Further analysis of the photolyzed α-crystallin by mass spectrometry indicated that histidine, tryptophan and methionine residues were oxidized at specific positions in a dose-dep...
The role of space science in graduate education

Space science may be defined as the study of the behavior of matter on a cosmic scale. By this definition, it would include such diverse topics as astronomy, astrophysics, cosmical electrodynamics, aeronomy, planetology, cosmogeny, and exobiology. Space science is directed toward answering some of the most fundamental questions that man can ask—questions about the origin and history of stars, planetary systems, the universe, and even life itself. How do stars and planetary systems form? What is the basic development and structure of planetary atmospheres? What causes the aurora? How do plasmas behave on a cosmic scale? How do life forms develop on a new planet?
Mcph1/Brit1 deficiency promotes genomic instability and tumor formation in a mouse model

MCPH1, also known as BRIT1, has recently been identified as a novel key regulatory gene of the DNA damage response pathway. MCPH1 is located on human chromosome 8p23.1, where human cancers frequently show loss of heterozygosity. As such, MCPH1 is aberrantly expressed in many malignancies, including breast and ovarian cancers, and the function of MCPH1 has been implicated in tumor suppression. However, it remains poorly understood whether MCPH1 deficiency leads to tumorigenesis. Here we generated and studied both Mcph1(-/-) and Mcph1(-/-)p53(-/-) mice; we showed that Mcph1(-/-) mice developed tumors with long latency, and that primary lymphoma developed significantly earlier in Mcph1(-/-)p53(-/-) mice than in Mcph11(+/+)p53(-/-) and Mcph1(+/-)p53(-/-) mice. The Mcph1(-/-)p53(-/-) lymphomas and derived murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were both more sensitive to irradiation. Mcph1 deficiency resulted in remarkably increased chromosome and chromatid breaks in Mcph1(-/-)p53(-/-) lymphomas and MEFs, as determined by metaphase spread assay and spectral karyotyping analysis. In addition, Mcph1 deficiency significantly enhanced aneuploidy as well as abnormal centrosome multiplication in Mcph1(-/-)p53(-/-) cells. Meanwhile, Mcph1 deficiency impaired double strand break (DSB) repair in Mcph1(-/-)p53(-/-) MEFs as demonstrated by neutral Comet assay. Compared with Mcph1(+/+)p53(-/-) MEFs, homologous recombination and non-homologous end-joining activities were significantly decreased in Mcph1(-/-)p53(-/-) MEFs. Notably, reconstituted MCPH1 rescued the defects of DSB repair and alleviated chromosomal aberrations in Mcph1(-/-)p53(-/-) MEFs. Taken together, our data demonstrate MCPH1 deficiency promotes genomic instability and increases cancer susceptibility. Our study using knockout mouse models provides convincing genetic evidence that MCPH1 is a bona fide tumor suppressor gene. Its deficiency leading to defective DNA repair in tumors can be used to develop novel targeted cancer therapies in the future.
Teens and Intimate Partner Violence

Remember when you first met me?” Gina now 24 years old queried me during a recent routine clinic visit. I did remember. Gina first presented as a 17-year-old high school junior pregnant for the first time. I remembered a bright articulate young woman. What I did not know at that time and only learned almost three years later was the extent of violence in her intimate partner relationship. The prevalence of violence in the lives of many of my patients has increased dramatically over the last decade both as victims and/or as witnesses of violence in their intimate partner relationships homes families and communities. Current statistics of intimate partner violence estimate 1.5 million women are abused annually and 25% of American women experience abuse in their lifetime. A recent study in Massachusetts of 4163 girls in grades 9–12 found one in five girls reporting physical and or sexual abuse by a dating partner. Violence including accidents assaults homicide suicide and sexual risk taking is now the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children and adolescents. Risk of injury rape or homicide by a current or former partner is greater than all combined causes of injury to women ages 15 to 44. Pregnancy is a high-risk time for women and often when abuse begins or escalates. (excerpt)
Detection of a gravitational oscillation in length-of-day

Abstract A high resolution length-of-day data set spanning approximately the last 42 years is found to contain an oscillation with a period of 5.8 ± 0.8 years. This oscillation is interpreted to represent a normal mode of the Earth that arises due to gravitational coupling between the mantle and inner core. In order to match the observed period of the oscillation, the strength of the gravitational coupling between the mantle and inner core must be ∼ 3.0 × 1020 N m. This coupling constant depends on the heterogeneous density distribution of the mantle, including flow-induced deformation of the core–mantle boundary. The existence of this normal mode requires that the relaxation time of the inner core be sufficiently long (on the order of a few years or more) that a perturbation from equilibrium results predominantly in solid-body rotation, not viscous deformation, of the inner core. The inferred lower bound for the viscosity of the inner core is of the order of 1017 Pa s.
Regrowth dynamics of InAs quantum dots on the GaAs circular mesa

We report MBE regrowth of InAs quantum dots on GaAs circular mesas, prepared by optical lithography. Because of better strain relaxation, the possibility of quantum dots growth near the lithographic edge is high. Under controlled growth conditions, quantum dots appear only close to the edge. Under these conditions, we discuss the possible influence of crystal orientation to the quantum dots formation, as well as geometrical factors, such as the lateral size of the mesa, and the depth and steepness of the lithographic step. With the full control of the quantum dots formation, we measured the photoluminescence spectrum of the buried dots, as well as the real space image from a CCD camera. The results indicate that quantum dots only form at the edge. Besides the physical location, all the other parameters are quite similar to self-assembled quantum dots formed on planar surfaces.
Biplane stress echocardiography using a prototype matrix-array transducer.

Abstract Background Rapid image acquisition after cessation of exercise is essential for accurate stress echocardiography. Recently, a prototype matrix-array transducer has been developed that allows simultaneous acquisition of 2 imaging planes (biplane [BP] imaging). Methods In all, 19 healthy volunteers underwent 2 separate stress echocardiographic studies. Images were acquired in traditional 2-dimensional or BP format pre-exercise and postexercise. Results Total image acquisition time for 2-dimensional stress echocardiography was 38 ± 8 seconds versus 29 ± 8 seconds for BP imaging ( P Conclusion BP imaging using a recently developed matrix-array probe allows more rapid imaging postexercise, resulting in acquisition of poststress images at higher heart rates without compromising image quality.
"I'LL RESIST WITH EVERY INCH AND EVERY BREATH" Girls and Zine Making as a Form of Resistance

Scholars who argue that girls lose their confidence during adolescence neglect to examine girls who do not lose their voice as teenagers. Based on written interviews and textual analysis of zines produced by girls involved in the feminist subculture of Riot Grrrl, this article maintains that zine making is one way girls form support networks and create a safe space to examine and resist the cultural devaluation of women.
City of felt and concrete: Negotiating cultural hybridity in Mongolia's capital of Ulaanbaatar

Capital cities play an integral role in the construction of national identity. This is particularly true when the capital is the country's only major urban center. Over the course of its history, Mongolia's capital of Ulaanbaatar has been periodically reshaped to reflect competing trajectories of national culture. This article examines the evolving symbolism of architecture, urban design, and public space in Ulaanbaatar as a means of exploring Mongolia's complex negotiation between its traditional culture (mobile pastoralism and Shamanism/Buddhism), its socialist legacy, and globalization. Amidst the rampant social change of the last two decades, rather ambiguous national narratives have emerged in Mongolia. Like the capital's cityscape, these narratives reflect aspects of both recent and distant pasts, as well as contemporary economic, political, and social realities. This article reveals how increasingly palpable global economic and cultural practices are fomenting material change in the current phase o...
A preliminary assessment of geodynamic controls on depositional systems and sandstone diagenesis in back-arc basins, Western Pacific Ocean

Abstract Nine depositional systems are recognized in cores recovered by the Deep Sea Drilling Project from the back-arc basins of the western Pacific. These systems include: submarine fan, debris flow, silty basinal turbidite, biogenic pelagic carbonate, resedimented carbonate, biogenic pelagic silica, pyroclastic, hemipelagic and turbid-layer clay, and pelagic clay depositional systems. The occurrence of these depositional systems in time and space is correlated with regional uplift and volcanism, climatic change, biological productivity, and critical relations of sediment yield from potential sources which experience sufficient uplift and development of an extensive drainage and erosional regimen. Debris flows and submarine fan systems tend to accumulate after uplift of andesitic volcanic arc sources following development of a regional drainage network. Biogenic pelagic systems tend to be controlled by biological productivity and are indicators of back-arc basin movement through such productivity zones by regional crustal shift. Hemipelagic and turbid-layer clay systems are derived from terrigenous sources and their volume is dependent on climatically-controlled sediment yield from such sources. Resedimented carbonate systems tend to occur during times of active basinal faulting. Volcaniclastic sandstones recovered in back-arc basin DSDP cores show evidence of diagenetic alteration in response to burial depth, temperature and thermally-driven fluid circulation. Younger sandstones tend to show pore-space reduction, rim cementation by chlorite and mixed-layer illite-smectite and pore-filling cementation by clinoptilolite. Downhole, pores are filled with heulandite and analcite. Older sandstones show pore-filling with sparry calcite and replacement of component minerals and rock fragments by calcite, chert and zeolites. The distinct age-depth zonation of diagenetic changes suggests that thermally-driven interstitial fluids combined with advection of ocean waters and basement waters accounts best for the mineralogical reactions observed.
Clinically-relevant measures associated with altered contact forces in patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency

Background Knee joint contact forces are altered after anterior cruciate ligament injury during walking and may be related to clinically-relevant measures of impairments or self-reported function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of several clinically-relevant measures with altered knee contact forces in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury.
Baseline studies of delaware ocean outfall sites

Abstract A quarterly sampling programme was conducted during 1973–1974 off the coast of Delaware to provide an environmental baseline for two ocean sewage outfalls. Extensive physical measurements and water quality data, together with biological data (fish, invertebrates, bacteriological samples), were collected. Based on this research the design of sewage treatment for one of the outfalls was improved.
Fractographic analysis of an ASTM A536 as-cast pearlitic nodular iron

Abstract A pearlitic nodular iron with “bull's-eye” structure was studied. A motor extension shaft was to be fabricated from this material. After conducting fracture-toughness tests, fatigue crack growth rate tests, and threshold tests, the fracture surfaces were observed by using both optical and scanning electron microscopy. Crack growth occurred transgranularly in the pearlite matrix. The fracture mode through the ferrite envelope was complicated, but the intergranular separation was the more prevalent mode. Grain boundary precipitation of copper-rich particles on the ferrite envelope was found to be responsible for the brittle behavior of this material. As would be expected, the crack tended to connect graphite nodules when it grew. In general, graphite nodules remained intact, especially at fast crack growth rate and high stress ratios. At low crack growth rates, the loose graphite nodules were crushed and formed a dark-gray region on the fracture surface of the sample.
Deuteron dipole polarizabilities and sum rules

The scalar, vector, and tensor components of the (generalized) deuteron electric dipole polarizability are calculated, as well as their logarithmic modifications. Several of these quantities arise in the treatment of the nuclear corrections to the deuterium Lamb shift and the deuterium hyperfine structure. A variety of second-generation potential models are used, and a (subjective) error is assigned to the calculations. The zero-range approximation is used to analyze a subset of the results, and a simple relativistic version of this approximation is developed.
Preschool Speech and Language Screening

Fifty-one preschool speech-language screening tests were reviewed with regard to criteria crucial to screening test selection: professional time required, comprehensiveness, norms, and reliability/...
A Note on supersymmetric Gelfand-Dikii brackets

The supersymmetric version of the second Gelfand-Dikii bracket is extended to the case where the super Lax operator is of the from , n being an arbitrary integer.
Detection of cadmium electrode surfaces using cw and pulsed radiation

Simultaneous in situ photoacoustic, photoconductive, and electrochemical detection of species at the surface of the cadmium electrode has been demonstrated using both cw and pulsed light sources. The advantages of the cw and pulsed photoacoustic techniques were evaluated. Both techniques were applied to study the passivation of the cadmium electrode on high rate discharge. Cadmium oxide was identified on the electrode after passivation.
New water-soluble organic capsules are effective in controlling excited-state processes of guest molecules

Synthesis, inclusion properties, and ability to control excited-state properties of two water-soluble hosts are presented. These hosts surround the guest molecule(s) by forming a capsular assembly. By constraining the guest and by providing very little free space, the host is able to alter the excited-state behavior of guest molecules. The excited-state chemistry and physics of guest molecules are distinctly different from those in organic solvents.
New opportunities for fuel cells in the restructured power systems of the United States

Abstract Conventionally, the fuel-cell power system (FPS) is used mainly to provide electric power, the product. This paper demonstrates that the FPS can also be used to enhance the delivery of electric power – an important service in the new competitive environment in the USA. There are many new applications (and new markets) for the FPS that can provide service as well as power. Some of the new applications may be economical at current prices. Design changes for these new applications involve mainly changes in the power conditioning subsystem and its control.
Anion control of the self-assembly of 2,3-diarylpyrazines with silver(I) salts.

The synthesis and characterization of three one-dimensional coordination polymers formed on self-assembly of 2,3-diarylpyrazines with silver(I) salts are presented. A linear double-stranded coordination polymer was formed on self-assembly of 2,3-bis(3‘5‘-dimethylphenyl)pyrazine with silver(I) tetrafluoroborate. An essentially linear double-strand coordination polymer was formed on self-assembly of 2,3-bis(3‘5‘-dimethylphenyl)pyrazine with silver(I) trifluoromethanesulfonate. In contrast a helical silver−pyrazine coordination polymer with extensive intrastrand π-stacking was formed on self-assembly of 2,3-diphenylpyrazine with silver(I) trifluoroacetate.
Assessing breast self-examination compliance in the natural environment.

An indirect behavioral measure for measuring the frequency of breast self-examination (BSE) in the natural environment was developed and evaluated. BSE was performed using a lubricant (i.e., baby oil), and then a sheet of absorbant tissue was applied to the examined area. The tissue, which retained an oil stain, provided a trace measure of the exam. Results indicated that the measure remedied some of the weaknesses in verbal report, although for certain subjects it underestimated compliance.
Additions to z-transformation theory

ONE of the most powerful mathematical methods for analysis of sampled-data systems is known as the z-transformation method. The z-transform is obtained by substituting z for est in the Laplace transform of the sequence of samples. C(z) is obtained in closed form with the aid of Table I.
A comprehensive control strategy for integrated flight/propulsion systems:

AbstractIntegration of flight and propulsion control systems in advanced aircraft has attracted much attention because of ever increasing demand on enhancement of performance and reliability. As the underlying dynamic couplings and non-linear interactions of flight and propulsion systems are too complex for realtime execution in onboard computational platforms, hierarchical hybrid (i.e. combined continuously varying and discrete event) architecture is proposed for the development of future generation control systems that will take the advantage of these interactions for mission enhancement. Although the original structures of continuously varying control systems for propulsion and flight are retained, discrete event supervisory (DES) control would facilitate decision-making for aircraft operation. DES decisions regarding propulsion and flight control influence the performance and reliability of the entire vehicle control system due to interactions at the level of continuously varying dynamics. A two-level...
Reciprocity identity for periodic surface scattering

The Lorentz reciprocity theorem is used to derive an identity which is helpful in examining the accuracy of solutions to periodic metal-surface scattering problems. The identity checks the amplitude and phase of individual propagating space harmonics while the more familiar criterion of energy conservation checks the total accumulated power.
Super bowl advertising as commercial celebration

The Super Bowl symbolizes the increasing acceptance and prevalence of advertising in society. The essay analyzes the discourse around Super Bowl advertising. After first examining the reasons why national advertisers are attracted to the Super Bowl, the essay then examines pre‐event discourse about Super Bowl advertising, discourse that elevates advertising during the event, and post‐event discourse about Super Bowl advertising. Ultimately, the paper argues that because Super Bowl advertising has been granted such social attention and legitimacy, it encourages the celebration of advertising as a beloved form of mediated entertainment.
Specific absorption spectra of cerium in multicomponent silicate glasses

Abstract Photoionization of glass requires photon energies larger than the bandgap of the glass matrix. To shift the photosensitivity of a glass to longer wavelengths, it is common to add a sensitizer, e.g. cerium. Cerium has two valence states but only the Ce 3+ is UV-photoactive. Hence, we present a spectral method that allows determining specific absorption spectra of both valent states of cerium in two different silicate glasses. Two overlapped absorption spectra, one for Ce 3+ and one for Ce 4+ , were observed in soda lime silicate glass. It was found that both spectra consist from two Gaussian bands. Specific absorption of each ion was calculated on the basis of balance equations written for glasses melted under different redox conditions and used to estimate the absolute concentration of each ion. An identical analysis was performed on a photosensitive multicomponent silicate glass (photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass). It was found that absorption band of Ce 3+ in PTR glass is shifted to short wavelength region due to the presence of fluorine while absorption spectra of Ce 4+ are identical. The effect of UV-exposure on absorption spectra of cerium was studied. An absorption spectrum of photo-ionized Ce 3+ is not identical to that of Ce 4+ : UV-exposure induces a new band resulting from Ce 3++ and electron color centers.
The intellectual development and structure of decision support systems (1991–1995)1

Abstract This study extends an earlier benchmark study which examined the intellectual structure, major themes and reference disciplines of decision support systems (DSS) over the last two decades (1970–1990). Factor analysis of an author cocitation matrix over the period 1991 through 1995 extracted five major areas of DSS research (group DSS, model management, implementation, design and an unnamed factor) and three contributing disciplines (cognitive science, organizational science and multiple criteria decision making). The DSS area has undergone profound structural changes over the past five years (1991–1995) and made meaningful progress over the past two and a half decades. It is in the process of solidifying its domain and demarcating its reference disciplines. We have highlighted several notable trends and developments in the DSS research areas.
REDUCTION OF β‐ENDORPHIN CONTENT IN THE RAT PITUITARY AFTER DEHYDRATION AND ADRENALECTOMY

Both dehydration and adrenalectomy of rats caused a significant reduction of immunoreactive beta-endorphin in the pituitary gland. Beta-Endorphin in hypothalamus, however, was not altered in either dehydrated or adrenalectomized rats.
Thick-walled physical models improve estimates of operative temperatures for moderate to large-sized reptiles.

Abstract 1. We measured and simulated thermal gradients within operative temperature models of reptiles. 2. In thin-walled models of moderate to large sized organisms, thermal gradients , induced largely by solar radiation, can be large (>10°C). 3. Thicker model walls attenuate the regional variation in temperature. Sufficiently thick walls can keep regional temperature differences smaller than 1°C under all simulated conditions. 4. Thicker walls also increase the thermal inertia of models, but time constants of the models will always be faster than those of the real animals and allow the model to sample the range of temperatures available to the animal. 5. By reducing spatial temperature gradients within models, thick walls can improve operative temperature estimates for moderate to large-sized reptiles.
Changes in Bone Mineral Content in Obese Dieting Women

Significant reductions in total-body bone mineral density (BMD) have been reported in obese women who consume very-low-calorie diets. A reduction in bone mass is highly correlated with an increased risk of osteoporosis. The present study investigated whether strength training would prevent such reductions in dieters. Twenty-one healthy obese women weighing (mean +/- SD) 91.1 +/- 9 kg and aged 38 +/- 9 years were randomly assigned to receive either diet alone or diet plus resistance training. Both groups consumed a 925-kcal/d portion-controlled diet for the first 16 of 17 weeks and a 1,000 to 1,500-kcal/d balanced deficit diet thereafter. Bone mineral content (BMC), BMD, fat-free mass (FFM), and fat mass were measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) before and after 24 weeks of dieting. No significant changes in total-body or lumbar spine BMC and BMD were observed in either condition at the end of treatment. However, both groups demonstrated a significant loss of both BMC and BMD in the femoral neck and greater trochanter. Diet plus resistance training was not associated with a significantly better outcome on either of these measures versus diet alone. The results suggest that increasing the energy content of very-low-calorie diets to 925 kcal/d may prevent the loss of total BMD, but not the loss from the femoral neck and greater trochanter. These findings raise a concern in light of the high frequency of dieting in American women.
Spontaneous formation of gold nanoparticles in poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide) solutions: solvent quality and polymer structure effects.

We report here on the effects that the solution properties of poly(ethylene oxide)−poly(propylene oxide)−poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers have on the reduction of hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(II...
In vivo screening of potential antidotes for chronic cadmium intoxication

Nineteen chelating agents have been screened under identical conditions of metal loading in an attempt to establish their relative ability to mobilize cadmium from the liver and kidney in mice with chronic cadmium intoxication. The compounds investigated were divided into five groups: polyaminocarboxylic acids, monothiols, dithiols, macrocycles, and a miscellaneous category. Only 2,3‐dimercaptopropanol (BAL) and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaDDTC) were able to produce a statistically significant (at the 95% level) reduction in the cadmium content of the kidney. The closely related dithiols sodium 2,3‐dimercaptopropane‐1‐sulfonate and 2,3‐dimer‐captosuccinic acid produced statistically significant increases in the liver cadmium contents, as did N‐(2‐mercaptopropionyl)‐glycine. The reduction in kidney cadmium levels produced by both BAL and NaDDTC was just under 40%.
The Identity Theory and Refutation of Searle's Major Objections

I present a version of a nonrestricted identity theory as well as refutations of Searle's objections to the theory. The objections countered are: 1) the theory violates Leibnitz' Law and 2) that consciousness is not reducible to neurons. Searle's arguments are refuted on the basis of the first-personal nature of consciousness. It does not violate Leibnitz' law when regarded from the subjective view of the individual under observation and it appears to be irreducible because it cannot be observed from a third-person perspective. In the discussion I point out why consciousness mistakenly appears to be immaterial instead of physicochemical and I suggest a method by which consciousness might be studied empirically.