Porous Media : Applications in Biological Systems and Biotechnology

A General Set of Bioheat Equations Based on the Volume Averaging Theory, Akira Nakayama, Fujio Kuwahara, and Wei Liu Introduction Volume Averaging Procedure Governing Equation for Blood Flow Two-Energy Equation Model for Blood Flow and Tissue Three-Energy Equation Model for Countercurrent Heat Transfer in a Circulatory System Effect of Spatial Distribution of Perfusion Bleed-Off Rate on Total Countercurrent Heat Transfer Application of Bioheat Equation to Cryoablation Therapy Conclusions Nomenclature Mathematical Models of Mass Transfer in Tissue for Molecular Medicine with Reversible Electroporation, Yair Granot and Boris Rubinsky Introduction Fundamental Aspects of Reversible Electroporation Mathematical Models of Ion Transport during Electroporation Electrical Impedance Tomography of In Vivo Electroporation Mass Transfer in Tissue with Reversible Electroporation Studies on Molecular Medicine with Drug Delivery in Tissue by Electroporation Future Research Needs in Mathematical Modeling of the Field of Electroporation Hydrodynamics in Porous Media with Applications to Tissue Engineering, T. Lemaire, J. Pierre, B. David, and C. Oddou Nomenclature Introduction Cell and Tissue Engineering: Physicochemical Determinants of the Development Bioreactors and Implants Theoretical Models of Active Porous Media Conclusion Biomedical Implications of the Porosity of Microbial Biofilms, H. Ben-Yoav, N. Cohen-Hadar, and Amihay Freeman Introduction The Life Cycle of Biofilms Infectious Microbial Biofilms-Structural and Biological Characteristics Infectious Microbial Biofilms-Treatment Modalities and Resistance Concluding Remarks Influence of Biofilms on Porous Media Hydrodynamics, Robin Gerlach and Alfred B. Cunningham Introduction and Overview An Introduction to Biofilms Experimental Systems and Techniques for the Investigation of Biofilms in Porous Media Biofilms in Porous Media and Their Effect on Hydrodynamics A Few Notes on Modeling Porous Media Biofilms in Nature and Technology Conclusions and Outlook Using Porous Media Theory to Determine the Coil Volume Needed to Arrest Flow in Brain Aneurysms, Khalil M. Khanafer and Ramon Berguer Nomenclature Introduction Physics of Cerebral Aneurysms Background Mathematical Formulations Construction of Brain Aneurysm Meshes from CT Scans Results and Discussion Minimum Packing Density of the Endovascular Coil Future Work Conclusions Lagrangian Particle Methods for Biological Systems, Alexandre M. Tartakovsky, Zhijie Xu, and Paul Meakin Introduction DPDs for Biological Applications SPHs Model for Biofilm Growth An SPH Model for Mineral Precipitation Hybrid Models for Diffusion-Reaction Systems Summary Passive Mass Transport Processes in Cellular Membranes and Their Biophysical Implications, Armin Kargol and Marian Kargol Introduction Thermodynamic KK Equations Porous Membranes Mechanistic Equations of Membrane Transport Water Exchange between Aquatic Plants and the Environment Passive Transport through Cell Membranes of Human Erythrocytes Comparison of Transport Formalisms: KK, ME, and 2P Skin Electroporation: Modeling Perspectives, S.M. Becker and A.V. Kuznetsov Introduction Transdermal Drug Delivery The Skin as a Composite Stratum Corneum and the Lipid Barrier Nondestructive Transport Modeling: The SC as a Porous Medium Skin Electroporation Skin Electroporation Models (nonthermal) Thermodynamic Approach Conclusions Application of Porous Media Theories in Marine Biological Modeling, Arzhang Khalili, Bo Liu, Khodayar Javadi, Mohammad R. Morad, Maciej Matyka, Roman Stocker, and Zbigniew Koza Introduction Mathematical Description of the Model Application of Porous Media in Marine Microbiology Future Perspectives The Transport of Insulin-Like Growth Factor through Cartilage, Lihai Zhang, Bruce S. Gardiner, David W. Smith, Peter Pivonka, and Alan J. Grodzinsky Overview Basic Solute Transport Model in a Deforming Articular Cartilage Basic Solute Transport Model in Cyclically Loaded Cartilage Model Geometry for Radial Solute Transport in Cartilage under Unconfined Cyclic Compression The Effect of Cyclic Loading and IGF-I Binding on IGF-I Transport in Cartilage Interaction between IGF-I and Its IGFBPs Results and Discussion IGF Transport with Competitive Binding in a Deforming Articular Cartilage Model Development for a Competitor Growth Factor An Integrated Model of IGF-I and Mechanical-Loading-Mediated Biosynthesis in a Deformed Articular Cartilage Biosynthesis Model Construction Biosynthesis Model Validation and Predictions Summary Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications of Magnetically Stabilized and Fluidized Beds, Teresa Castelo-Grande, Paulo A. Augusto, Angel M. Estevez, Jesus Ma. Rodriguez, Audelino Alvaro, and Domingos Barbosa Introduction Historical Overview of Magnetically Stabilized and Fluidized Beds MSBs and MFBs General Supporting Theory Main Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications Conclusion and Future Perspectives In Situ Characterizations of Porous Media for Applications in Biofuel Cells: Issues and Challenges, Bor Yann Liaw Introduction Biofuel Cell Applications Desirable Properties and Functionalities Needs for In Situ Characterization: Issues and Challenges Applicable In Situ Techniques Future Directions Spatial Pattern Formation of Motile Microorganisms: From Gravitactic Bioconvection to Protozoan Culture Dynamics, Tri Nguyen-Quang, The Hung Nguyen, and Frederic Guichard Description and Literature Review of Bioconvection Onset and Evolution of Gravitactic Bioconvection: Linear Stability Analysis and Numerical Simulation Experimental Study of the Pattern Formation in a Suspension of Gravitactic Microorganisms Summary and Perspectives of Future Research Appendix: Boussinesq Approximation for the Microorganism Suspension Nomenclature References appear at the end of each chapter.