cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distributed Word Representation Learning for Cross-Lingual Dependency Parsing

This paper proposes to learn languageindependent word representations to address cross-lingual dependency parsing, which aims to predict the dependency parsing trees for sentences in the target language by training a dependency parser with labeled sentences from a source language. We first combine all sentences from both languages to induce real-valued distributed representation of words under a deep neural network architecture, which is expected to capture semantic similarities of words not only within the same language but also across different languages. We then use the induced interlingual word representation as augmenting features to train a delexicalized dependency parser on labeled sentences in the source language and apply it to the target sentences. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, extensive experiments are conducted on cross-lingual dependency parsing tasks with nine different languages. The experimental results demonstrate the superior cross-lingual generalizability of the word representation induced by the proposed approach, comparing to alternative comparison methods.
A Transactional View of Property Right

Property rights and contract law are two of our most basic legal categories. Many legal scholars describe what makes them different; this Essay describes how they work together to promote economic exchange. Incorporating the insights of both "transaction cost" and "new property rights" economics, it identifies two crucial contributions that property rights make to real-world contracting: (1) precontractual liability, or protection for disclosure of sensitive information in the period leading up to contract formation; and (2) enforcement flexibility after a contract is executed, in the form of many subtle but important advantages that accrue to a contracting party who also holds a property right. This Essay argues that property's "transactional" role is growing in importance, as the "new economy" ushers in a more transaction-intensive industrial structure featuring greater numbers of smaller, more specialized firms.
Expanding the scope of gallium-catalyzed olefin epoxidation

Abstract The broader use of Ga(III) complexes in the catalysis of olefin epoxidation was explored with a variety of studies. Two Ga(III) complexes with N-donor ligands were found to catalyze olefin epoxidation by peracetic acid in water. The stability of the catalyst more strongly influences the observed reactivity in water than in acetonitrile. Analysis of olefin epoxidation in buffered aqueous solutions indicates that either acidic or basic conditions are necessary for catalysis. The functional group tolerance was assessed using a variety of organic substrates. Alcohols, ketones, and alkylhalides survive the reaction conditions. Other common terminal oxidants were tested as possible replacements for peracetic acid but were not found to benefit from the presence of a Ga(III)-containing catalyst.
Shock and release temperatures in molybdenum: Experiment and theory

Shock and release temperatures in Mo were calculated, taking account of heating from plastic flow predicted using the Steinberg-Guinan model. Plastic flow was calculated self-consistently with the shock jump conditions: this is necessary for a rigorous estimate of the locus of shock states accessible. The temperatures obtained were significantly higher than predicted assuming ideal hydrodynamic loading. The temperatures were compared with surface emission spectrometry measurements for Mo shocked to around 60GPa and then released into vacuum or into a LiF window. Shock loading was induced by the impact of a planar projectile, accelerated by high explosive or in a gas gun. Surface velocimetry showed an elastic wave at the start of release from the shocked state; the amplitude of the elastic wave matched the prediction to around 10%, indicating that the predicted flow stress in the shocked state was reasonable. The measured temperatures were consistent with the simulations, indicating that the fraction of plastic work converted to heat was in the range 70-100% for these loading conditions.
Numerical Simulation of a Compression Ignition Engine Using Biodiesel Fuel

Increasing concerns over pollutant emissions from diesel engines have prompted researchers to find replacement fuels for diesel engines. The use of alternative fuels such as biodiesel in compression-ignition (CI) engines is beneficial to the environment as it reduces emissions of pollutants with slight penalty on the performance. This paper investigated the use of biodiesel fuel (rapeseed oil) in a CI engine by numerical simulations. The numerical simulations were based on the models of finite heat release, cylinder heat transfer, and friction losses. Simulations were carried out to evaluate the effects of compression ratio, equivalence ratio, and engine speed on the performance of the CI engine. The results of the simulations were compared with experimental data from the literature to validate the simulations. Good agreements between the computed and experimental results were obtained. The results showed that the current model could satisfactorily predict the performance of a biodiesel-fueled CI engine.© 2003 ASME
A Framework for the Care of Unaccompanied Children

This chapter will discuss the efforts of the U.S. government to put together a system of care that considers the interests of each unaccompanied alien child apprehended, and will report on the progress that has been made since the transfer of the Unaccompanied Alien Children’s Program from the Immigration and Naturalization Service to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR).
Ecohydrology: Understanding and Maintaining Ecosystem Services for IWRM

Since historical times, natural ecosystems such as forests and wetlands are known to regulate water flow and maintain water quality. The past half a century however has witnessed unplanned and rapid development with widespread ecosystem degradation. Meanwhile water treatment and supply happens on an ad hoc basis that is neither sustainable nor affordable for most communities. The revival of an ecohydrological approach is called for, with increased use of ecosystem services in water resources management. The affordable and sustainable aspects of this approach make it especially pertinent for developing countries, given the increasing challenges posed by mounting population, consumption, and climate change. This chapter describes the general links between different ecosystems, hydrology, and water quality and outlines the steps in developing an ecohydrological approach. The next chapter describes case studies that have successfully incorporated an ecohydrological approach in different realms of water resources management in the developing world.
Cavity correlation and bridge functions at high density and near the critical point: a test of second-order Percus–Yevick theory

ABSTRACTCavity correlation functions, pair correlation functions, and bridge functions for the Lennard-Jones fluid are calculated from first Percus–Yevick (PY) theory and second-order Percus– Yevick (PY2) theory, molecular dynamics, and grand canonical Monte Carlo techniques. We find that the PY2 theory is significantly more accurate than the PY theory, especially at high density and near the critical point. The pair correlation function near the critical point has the expected slowly decaying long-range behaviour. However, we do not observe any long-range behaviour in the bridge function for the state points near the critical point we have simulated. However, we do note that the bridge function, which is usually negative near r = 0, becomes positive as r → 0. This behaviour is seen for the bridge functions computed from both PY2 and molecular dynamics, but not from PY.
Synthesis of a Complete Land Use/Land Cover Dataset for the Conterminous United States

We present a new land cover dataset for the conterminous USA called “PEELo.” It is designed for climate change impact analysis based on land use change at 5 arc-minute resolution. The procedure described herein is adaptable for generating similar datasets for other regions and requirements. PEELo is derived from existing data products – the MODIS Land Cover Type (MLCT) and National Land Cover Database (NLCD) – but its design overcomes certain limitations that hinder their use for climate change impact analysis. First, while other products that focus on agriculture neglect non-agricultural land use/land cover (LULC) categories, PEELo contains eight distinct LULC classes in addition to a “crop” class. PEELo features subcell area fractions for each class, increasing its depth of information over traditional single-category LULC maps. Second, PEELo offers improved accuracy in characterizing cultivated lands, important for quantifying agriculturalactivity. PEELo provides a more accurate spatial distribution of cultivated lands over MLCT as compared to reference datasets and improved totals for cultivated land relative to USDA Major Land Uses census data. We present here landcover data for 2001 plus PEELos synthesis methodology, which combines information from multiple sources by establishing a common classification scheme at lower spatial resolution. PEELo was developed as an initialization dataset for a partial-equilibrium economic land use model (PEEL) that simulates land use/land cover change in response to exogenous agricultural prices and climate change scenarios. We anticipate that similar landcover data products will be of use to other modeling efforts worldwide.
Carbon–Deuterium Bonds as Non-perturbative Infrared Probes of Protein Dynamics, Electrostatics, Heterogeneity, and Folding

Vibrational spectroscopy is uniquely able to characterize protein dynamics and microenvironmental heterogeneity because it possesses an inherently high temporal resolution and employs probes of ultimately high structural resolution-the bonds themselves. The use of carbon-deuterium (C-D) bonds as vibrational labels circumvents the spectral congestion that otherwise precludes the use of vibrational spectroscopy to proteins and makes the observation of single vibrations within a protein possible while being wholly non-perturbative. Thus, C-D probes can be used to site-specifically characterize conformational heterogeneity and thermodynamic stability. C-D probes are also uniquely useful in characterizing the electrostatic microenvironment experienced by a specific residue side chain or backbone due to its effect on the C-D absorption frequency. In this chapter we describe the experimental procedures required to use C-D bonds and FT IR spectroscopy to characterize protein dynamics, structural and electrostatic heterogeneity, ligand binding, and folding.
Asymptotic Properties of Urn Designs for Three-arm Clinical Trials

The generalized Friedman’s urn design for response-adaptive clinical trials generates allocation proportions of treatments assignments that, under certain conditions, asymptotically follow a normal distribution. It is important to know the asymptotic variance-covariance matrix of this distribution in practice, as one can compute the power of the test that compares treatments with binary response. In this paper we develop the explicit form of the asymptotic variance-covariance matrix of allocation proportions as well as the asymptotic variance-covariance matrix for the urn composition for a particular urn model in three-treatment comparisons.
Search for the missing lncs: gene regulatory networks in neural crest development and long non-coding RNA biomarkers of Hirschsprung's disease.

Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR), a birth defect characterized by variable aganglionosis of the gut, affects about 1 in 5000 births and is a consequence of abnormal development of neural crest cells, from which enteric ganglia derive. In the companion article in this issue (Shen et al., Neurogasterenterol Motil 28: 266-73), the authors search for long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) differentially expressed in bowel tissues of infants with HSCR. Microarray analysis of over 37 000 lncRNAs and 34 000 mRNAs was done. The key result was identification of a set of 5 lncRNAs that is a potential diagnostic biomarker of HSCR. In this minireview, I provide an overview of neural crest development and the gene regulatory networks involved in specification, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and migration of neural crest cells. Genes involved in later development, proliferation, and differentiation of neural crest cells as they migrate into the gut are also reviewed. Many of these genes are associated with HSCR, including RET, GDNF, GFRα, EDN3, and EDNRB. LncRNAs and their roles in development and disease and their use as biomarkers are discussed. The authors of the companion article previously used a multipronged approach to elucidate the etiology of HSCR by examining the effects of specific miRNAs or lncRNAs and target genes on cell migration, proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis in vitro. These studies are discussed in terms of their elegance and limitations. The companion article identifies many new lncRNAs that, in addition to providing potential biomarkers of HSCR, may be a treasure trove for future investigations.
English Proficiency, Identity, Anxiety, and Intergroup Attitudes: US Americans’ Perceptions of Chinese

AbstractGuided by the Common Ingroup Identity Model and Berry’s acculturation framework, this study examined the roles that perceptions of language proficiency, cultural identity, and communication anxiety had on intergroup attitudes and stereotypes in the American–Chinese contact context. Serial mediation analyses with 10,000 bootstrap samples revealed that perceived English proficiency of a Chinese contact had significant indirect effects on affective and behavioral attitudes toward Chinese through American participants’ perceptions of their contact’s host and home culture identification and communication anxiety. Perceived English proficiency had an indirect effect only on positive stereotypes through the Chinese contact’s perceived identification with home culture.
Circular RNAs and their associations with breast cancer subtypes.

// Asha A. Nair 1 , Nifang Niu 2 , Xiaojia Tang 1 , Kevin J. Thompson 1 , Liewei Wang 3 , Jean-Pierre Kocher 1 , Subbaya Subramanian 4 , Krishna R. Kalari 1 1 Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 2 Division of Genomic and Molecular Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA 3 Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 4 Division of Basic and Translational Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Correspondence to: Krishna R. Kalari, email: Kalari.Krishna@mayo.edu Subbaya Subramanian, email: subree@umn.edu Keywords: circular RNA, circ-seq, breast cancer, molecular subtypes, proliferation Received: February 23, 2016 Accepted: October 29, 2016 Published: November 05, 2016 ABSTRACT Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are highly stable forms of non-coding RNAs with diverse biological functions. They are implicated in modulation of gene expression thus affecting various cellular and disease processes. Based on existing bioinformatics approaches, we developed a comprehensive workflow called Circ-Seq to identify and report expressed circRNAs. Circ-Seq also provides informative genomic annotation along circRNA fused junctions thus allowing prioritization of circRNA candidates. We applied Circ-Seq first to RNA-sequence data from breast cancer cell lines and validated one of the large circRNAs identified. Circ-Seq was then applied to a larger cohort of breast cancer samples ( n = 885) provided by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), including tumors and normal-adjacent tissue samples. Notably, circRNA results reveal that normal-adjacent tissues in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) subtype have relatively higher numbers of circRNAs than tumor samples in TCGA. Similar phenomenon of high circRNA numbers were observed in normal breast-mammary tissues from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. Finally, we observed that number of circRNAs in normal-adjacent samples of ER+ subtype is inversely correlated to the risk-of-relapse proliferation (ROR-P) score for proliferating genes, suggesting that circRNA frequency may be a marker for cell proliferation in breast cancer. The Circ-Seq workflow will function for both single and multi-threaded compute environments. We believe that Circ-Seq will be a valuable tool to identify circRNAs useful in the diagnosis and treatment of other cancers and complex diseases.
Principles of Liver Embolization

The basic principles of embolization can be widely applied to many applications in patients with hepatic malignancies, ranging from direct tumor devascularization, flow redistribution, and induction of preoperative liver hypertrophy. Tumor devascularization using the transarterial hepatic approach relies on the knowledge that liver tumors derive their blood supply primarily from the hepatic arterial system. Portal vein embolization has become a key intervention to address the increased perioperative risks of hepatic dysfunction and hepatic insufficiency. This technique is a safe and viable means of causing hypertrophy of the intended future liver remnant. The use of this novel procedure has ultimately led to a reduction in morbidity and mortality and increased the number of patients considered for liver resection.
Performance Analysis of Matched Filter Bank for Detection of Linear Frequency Modulated Chirp Signals

Chirp signals arise in many applications of signal processing. In this paper, we address the problem of detection of chirp signals that are encountered in a bistatic radar which we are developing for remote sensing of cosmic ray induced air showers. The received echoes from the air showers are wideband and characterized by very short sweep periods. This makes our astrophysical problem a challenging one, since a very short sweep period is equivalent to a very low energy chirp signal. Furthermore, the related parameters of the received echoes are nondeterministic since they are tied to the physical parameters of the air showers. The primary focus of this research is to address these challenges and to find an optimized detection approach in the additive white Gaussian noise channel for low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels. Matched filters are commonly used in the radar systems when the chirp signal is known. In this paper, we revisit this context and use a “matched filter” as a basis of building a rake-like receiver which consists of a set of filters matched to quantized chirp rates, logarithmically distributed within the chirp-rate interval of interest. We examine the detection capability of the proposed structure through extensive theoretical and numerical analysis. Theoretical analysis and simulation results prove that the proposed detector has high detection capability for a range of chirp slopes in a low-SNR environment.
Innovative Experiential Learning Activities in Aging: The Experiences of Four BEL Projects

ABSTRACTThe BSW Experiential Learning (BEL) Program aims to infuse intergenerational content into the curriculum and recruit students to the field of social work by implementing face-to-face learning opportunities with older adults. This article discusses and compares the experiences of 4 diverse BEL projects that implemented gero-experiential learning activities into 1 or more of the BSW curriculum areas: introduction/social work practice, social welfare policy, human behavior in the social environment, social work research, and field practicum. “Three keys to success” are offered as ways in which gero-experiential activities may be successfully implemented by other programs.
Chapter 11: Epilogue—The Next Performance Ethnographic Show in Pursuit of Hyper-Embodiment

This autoethnographic conversation takes place between a physically disabled performance of personal narrative/ethnographic researcher and her 5-year-old son. Her son, who experiences epileptic seizures requests that she create a performance ethnographic “movie” about seizures like her past projects that focused on physical disability and aging and memory loss. The similarities and differences between epileptic seizures and involuntary spasms from cerebral palsy leads to questions focused on understanding accessing embodied experiences and pursuing empathy and social justice through telling and bearing witness to personal stories.
Multi-objective optimal reactive power dispatch using modified game theory

Multi-objective optimal reactive dispatch (OPRD) problem can be formulated as to maximize reactive power reserve and minimize bus voltage deviation while complying with all the power system network constraints. State-of-the-art methods for multi-objective optimization are learning-based evolutionary algorithms that attempt to generate Pareto solutions as dispersed as possible at the expense of huge computational complexities ranging from O(MN2) to O(MN3) for single generation, where M is the number of objective and N is the population size. They also require storage size that can be as large as O(N2). In this paper, we propose a modified cooperative game theory based approach to handle the multi-objective OPRD problem. Our modified game theory based approach can generate excellent compromise solution without creating the entire Pareto front, and thus have significantly less computation cost and minimal storage requirement. The proposed algorithm has a computational complexity of O(2N) and storage requirement of O(N) at each iteration. We evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed approach using the IEEE39 bus system, and very good results are reported.
The Positive Effects of Managed Care

Managed health care has changed the way health services are provided and paid for. It is still evolving. Many pharmacists have already felt the impact of these changes. This continuing feature illu...
Comparison of Histidine‐Tryptophan‐Ketoglutarate and University of Wisconsin preservation solutions in pediatric liver transplantation

UW and HTK solutions are the two primary organ preservation solutions most used in the United States. This study analyzes use of the two solutions in all pediatric liver transplants performed at a single center between 2001and 2017. Outcome measures included early graft function, as well as graft and patient survival. Bile duct complications were reviewed. Operative technique, immunosuppressive protocols, and donor acceptance criteria remained uniform among participating surgeons throughout the study period. There were 104 pediatric liver transplants with complete data during the study period, 75 preserved with HTK (68%) and 29 with UW (26%). Demographics were similar. Cold and warm ischemia times were similar. Peak ALT post-transplant was higher in the UW group at both peak and post-transplant day 3. The peak TB levels were similar. Bile duct strictures were more common in the UW group (44% vs 16%, P < .01). Early graft survival was statistically similar at 7-, 90- and 365-days post-transplant. Cox regression graft survival was similar at 10-years. This study suggests that use of HTK in pediatric liver transplantation is safe with outcomes similar to UW, though bile duct stricture rates may be lower with HTK.
Outcome Analysis of 42 Cases of Renal Angiomyolipoma

AbstractAngiomyolipomas were found in 42 kidneys in 23 female and 8 male patients at our medical center. Angiomyolipoma was diagnosed by computerized tomography (CT) alone in 55% of the cases, and by a combination of ultrasound and CT in 36%. Nine of 11 patients with bilateral angiomyolipoma had associated tuberous sclerosis.Treatment consisted of observation in 22 patients, selective arterial embolization in 6, partial nephrectomy in 6 and nephrectomy in 8. A total of 17 patients who were observed had tumors smaller than 4cm. and 4 had angiomyolipoma of 4 to 10cm. With a mean followup of 3.8 years, no observation patient had subsequent renal hemorrhage and only 1 (tumor larger than 10cm.) had radiographic progression. Despite progression, the latter patient remained asymptomatic for 18 years. Selective arterial embolization (3 tumors 4 to 10cm. and 3 larger than 10cm.) resulted in preservation of renal function at a mean of 1 year. All patients treated with partial nephrectomy (6 tumors 4 to 10cm.) maint...
A Framework for Studying the Use of Computers in Special Education

This paper presents a framework for studying the use of computers in special education. The framework consists of two dimensions, one describing the service delivery areas that compose special educ...
Keyframe-based Learning from Demonstration Method and Evaluation

We present a framework for learning skills from novel types of demonstrations that have been shown to be desirable from a Human–Robot Interaction perspective. Our approach—Keyframe-based Learning from Demonstration (KLfD)—takes demonstrations that consist of keyframes; a sparse set of points in the state space that produces the intended skill when visited in sequence. The conventional type of trajectory demonstrations or a hybrid of the two are also handled by KLfD through a conversion to keyframes. Our method produces a skill model that consists of an ordered set of keyframe clusters, which we call Sequential Pose Distributions (SPD). The skill is reproduced by splining between clusters. We present results from two domains: mouse gestures in 2D and scooping, pouring and placing skills on a humanoid robot. KLfD has performance similar to existing LfD techniques when applied to conventional trajectory demonstrations. Additionally, we demonstrate that KLfD may be preferable when demonstration type is suited for the skill.
Visual Analysis of Distributed Search Traffic in a Peer-to-peer Network

We study distributed searches in fully decentralized peer-to-peer networks. This papers reports on a study that aims to understand the robustness and load balancing of a distributed search network. We focus on a visual analysis of search traffic, load distribution, and edge density when the network experiences adversaries. The analysis reveals that the network tends to rely more heavily on an even smaller portion of nodes for searches when an increasing number of nodes become unavailable. In the meanwhile, nodes become more exploratory and tend to engage more of those previously unutilized. The trade-off between a more skewed traffic distribution and a greater edge density in related scenarios is important to the robustness of the network and requires further investigation.
Multiple Evolutionary Origins of Giant Viruses

The nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) are a monophyletic group of diverse eukaryotic viruses that reproduce primarily in the cytoplasm of the infected cells and include the largest viruses currently known: the giant mimiviruses, pandoraviruses, and pithoviruses. With virions measuring up to 1.5 μm and genomes of up to 2.5 Mb, the giant viruses break the now-outdated definition of a virus and extend deep into the genome size range typical of bacteria and archaea. Additionally, giant viruses encode multiple proteins that are universal among cellular life forms, particularly components of the translation system, the signature cellular molecular machinery. These findings triggered hypotheses on the origin of giant viruses from cells, likely of an extinct fourth domain of cellular life, via reductive evolution. However, phylogenomic analyses reveal a different picture, namely multiple origins of giant viruses from smaller NCLDVs via acquisition of multiple genes from the eukaryotic hosts and bacteria, along with gene duplication. Thus, with regard to their origin, the giant viruses do not appear to qualitatively differ from the rest of the virosphere. However, the evolutionary forces that led to the emergence of virus gigantism remain enigmatic.
MosaicPlanner: Hardware Agnostic Array Tomography Acquisition Software

Array tomography (AT) is a technique for acquiring high resolution highly multiplexed imagery from series of ultra-thin sections arranged as an array on a rigid substrate. Specialized microscope control has been required to utilize AT as an imaging technique, which is often time consuming, and yields small volume data sets. Here we present MosaicPlanner, an open source software platform for light level AT, that streamlines the acquisition process and utilizes the general microscope control API provided by Micro-Manager, allowing AT data to be acquired on a wide variety of microscope hardware. This report provides a description of the MosaicPlanner software design, and platform improvements that were implemented to increase the acquisition speed of high volume, multiplexed AT datasets.
Improving Latino Health Equity Through Spanish Language Interpreter Advocacy in Kansas.

Introduction:Federal law requires any agency receiving federal aid to take “reasonable steps” to provide meaningful access to qualified limited English proficient (LEP) individuals. However, polici...
Studies on the Assembly of Rod Outer Segment Disc Membranes

The vertebrate photoreceptor cell outer segment is a stack of many hundreds of closely packed membranous discs, oriented at right angles to the long axis of the cell, and enclosed within the cell membrane. The photosensitive visual pigment molecules are believed to be embedded in these discs.
Pulmonary Hypertension in Children with Sickle Cell Disease: a Review of the Current Literature

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a well-recognized complication of sickle cell disease (SCD) and is one of the strongest predictors of increased morbidity and mortality in adult patients. There is evidence that PH can develop in children with SCD and the clinical implications of this finding are an area of active research. We review the current literature examining the association of SCD and PH in childhood. The recent literature has focused on elucidating the multifactorial mechanisms for the development of PH in SCD with the goal of developing targeted therapies. In addition, there has been a focus on understanding the significance of echocardiographic evidence of PH in children with SCD, a finding that has recently been associated with adverse clinical factors. While still based on limited evidence, the increased understanding of the important prognostic implications of echocardiographic evidence of PH has led to the development of guidelines that recommend screening echocardiograms beginning in childhood in children with SCD. PH can develop in children with SCD and, while the exact clinical implications of this finding are still being elucidated, current guidelines and research are aimed at early identification and treatment to improve outcomes.
The synthesis of tricyclic cocaine analogs via the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of oxidopyridinium betaines

Tricyclic cocaine analogs with a spatially fixed nitrogen lone pair were synthesized as structural probes of the dopamine transporter. A tandem cycloaddition/radical cyclization protocol was used to gain access to analog 12 with a two carbon linker between C-2 and N-8. On the other hand, the intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition reaction of betaine 13 was used to procure cocaine analog 18 and its C-3 epimer 19 in which an extra ring links N-8 to C-6. Binding studies reveal 12c and 18 to be potent DAT ligands.
Thrombectomy Results in Reduced Hospital Stay, More Home-Time, and More Favorable Living Situations in DEFUSE 3

Background and Purpose— The DEFUSE 3 trial (Endovascular Therapy Following Imaging Evaluation for Ischemic Stroke) demonstrated that endovascular thrombectomy in the 6- to 16-hour time window impro...
Cost Effectiveness of Laminar Flow Systems for Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: Filtering Money from the OR?

Background: Laminar flow ventilation systems were developed to reduce surgical contamination in joint arthroplastyto avoid periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). The goals of this study are to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and economicviability of installing and maintaining a laminar flow system in an operating room.Methods: A Monte Carlo simulation was used to evaluate the cost effectiveness of laminar flow. The variables includedwere cost to treat PJI, incidence of PJI, cost of laminar flow, years of operating room use, and arthroplasty volume asthe dependent variable.Results: Laminar flow would be financially-justified when 1,217 (SD: 319) TSA cases are performed annually withassumed 10% reduction in PJI from laminar flow and 487 (SD: 127) with assumed 25% reduction. In a high volume OR,laminar flow costs $25.24 per case (assuming 10% reduction) and $8.24 per case (assuming 25% reduction). Laminarflow would need to reduce the incidence of PJI by 35.1% (SD: 9.1) to be a cost-effective strategy.Conclusion: This analysis demonstrates the substantial arthroplasty volume and large reduction in PJI rates required tojustify the installation and maintenance costs of this technology. This high cost of implementation should be consideredprior to installing laminar flow systems.Level of evidence: II
Action-Manipulation Attacks Against Stochastic Bandits: Attacks and Defense

Due to the broad range of applications of stochastic multi-armed bandit model, understanding the effects of adversarial attacks and designing bandit algorithms robust to attacks are essential for the safe applications of this model. In this paper, we introduce a new class of attacks named action-manipulation attacks. In this class of attacks, an adversary can change the action signal selected by the user. We show that without knowledge of mean rewards of arms, our proposed attack can manipulate Upper Confidence Bound (UCB) algorithm, a widely used bandit algorithm, into pulling a target arm very frequently by spending only logarithmic cost. To defend against this class of attacks, we introduce a novel algorithm that is robust to action-manipulation attacks when an upper bound for the total attack cost is given. We prove that our algorithm has a pseudo-regret upper bounded by $\mathcal {O}(\max \lbrace \log T,A\rbrace)$ with a high probability, where $T$ is the total number of rounds and $A$ is the upper bound of the total attack cost.
Multi-needle Localization with Attention U-Net in US-guided HDR Prostate Brachytherapy

PURPOSE Ultrasound (US)-guided high dose rate (HDR) prostate brachytherapy requests the clinicians to place HDR needles (catheters) into the prostate gland under transrectal US (TRUS) guidance in the operating room. The quality of the subsequent radiation treatment plan is largely dictated by the needle placements, which varies upon the experience level of the clinicians and the procedure protocols. Real-time plan dose distribution, if available, could be a vital tool to provide more subjective assessment of the needle placements, hence potentially improving the radiation plan quality and the treatment outcome. However, due to low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in US imaging, real-time multi-needle segmentation in 3D TRUS, which is the major obstacle for real-time dose mapping, has not been realized to date. In this study, we propose a deep learning-based method that enables accurate and real-time digitization of the multiple needles in the 3D TRUS images of HDR prostate brachytherapy. METHODS A deep learning model based on the U-Net architecture was developed to segment multiple needles in the 3D TRUS images. Attention gates were considered in our model to improve the prediction on the small needle points. Furthermore, the spatial continuity of needles was encoded into our model with total variation (TV) regularization. The combined network was trained on 3D TRUS patches with the deep supervision strategy, where the binary needle annotation images were provided as ground truth. The trained network was then used to localize and segment the HDR needles for a new patient's TRUS images. We evaluated our proposed method based on the needle shaft and tip errors against manually defined ground truth and compared our method with other state-of-art methods (U-Net and deeply supervised attention U-Net). RESULTS Our method detected 96% needles of 339 needles from 23 HDR prostate brachytherapy patients with 0.290 ± 0.236 mm at shaft error and 0.442 ± 0.831 mm at tip error. For shaft localization, our method resulted in 96% localizations with less than 0.8 mm error (needle diameter is 1.67 mm), while for tip localization, our method resulted in 75% needles with 0 mm error and 21% needles with 2 mm error (TRUS image slice thickness is 2 mm). No significant difference is observed (P = 0.83) on tip localization between our results with the ground truth. Compared with U-Net and deeply supervised attention U-Net, the proposed method delivers a significant improvement on both shaft error and tip error (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We proposed a new segmentation method to precisely localize the tips and shafts of multiple needles in 3D TRUS images of HDR prostate brachytherapy. The 3D rendering of the needles could help clinicians to evaluate the needle placements. It paves the way for the development of real-time plan dose assessment tools that can further elevate the quality and outcome of HDR prostate brachytherapy.
Patients' Experiences with Refilling their HIV Medicines: Facilitators and Barriers to On-Time Refills

Background Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is particularly important for patients with HIV. Prior research on ART adherence has focused primarily on behavioral interventions targeting patients and providers. No study has focused on the pharmacy refill experience as a potential target for improving adherence to HIV medicines. Informed by patients' experiences, this study aimed to assess patients' experiences with refilling their HIV medicines and to explore facilitators and barriers to refilling medicines on time. Methods We interviewed patients at three time points during their first year of care at an HIV clinic in Houston, TX. We analyzed interviews using directed and conventional content analysis. Results Analyses revealed individual, interpersonal, and system-level barriers that affect patients' ability to pick up their HIV medicines on time. Many patients perceived the refill process as being difficult. For some patients, picking up their HIV medicines each month triggered anxiety. Positive interactions with pharmacists and pharmacy staff, as well as clear and consistent messaging, played a key role in augmenting patients' refill experience. Self-efficacy, social support, and workarounds to resolve issues were also key facilitators. Many patients said changing ART-dispensing protocols from 30- to 90-day refills could mitigate the anxiety experienced with picking up HIV medicines and decrease opportunities for missing a refill. Conclusion Offering 90-day refills for HIV medicines may decrease anxiety concerning missed doses and improve medication adherence. Providing pharmacy staff with communication skills training is another strategy that may improve the patients' refill experience.
Some perspectives on the modeling of acoustic metasurfaces

Numerical modeling is an important tool for the study of acoustic metasurfaces as it can shed light on the physical principles of these engineered acoustic structures and be used for optimization purposes. In this talk, I will discuss challenges that we have encountered in modeling acoustic metasurfaces using commerical software and semi-analytical models. I will focus on sound-absorbing acoustic metasurfaces and diffractive acoustic metasurfaces. I will also discuss the possibility of using open-source wave solvers (such as k-Wave and mSOUND) to model acoustic metasurfaces, which has been largely unexplored.
Intersection Between Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease.

The incidence of chronic kidney disease is increasing worldwide, and the previously decreasing incidence of cardiovascular disease has now plateaued. Understanding the intersection of both heart and kidney disease is crucial. Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease share common risk factors and specific pathogenic mechanisms and impact a significant segment of the population. Patients with chronic kidney disease are more likely to have cardiovascular disease than progress to end-stage kidney disease requiring renal replacement therapy. We discuss shared risk factors and mechanisms for cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease. The following also addresses contemporary cardiovascular treatment considerations in patients with chronic kidney disease with a focus on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and heart failure.
Slowly but Surely?: Adjudicating on Abortion in Chile and Beyond

While women may have partly profited from the relatively recent rights-revolution in Latin America, the pregnant sisters among them have seemingly had to sit in the back of the bus or stay off altogether. Even modest progress on abortion entitlements has ostensibly come at a high price and slow pace, perchance thanks to the opposition of an alliance of age-old and up-and-coming religious congregations. On a positive note, though, the struggle for emancipation on this front seems to be moving forward. In Chile, the Constitutional Court’s 2017 adjudication, which largely upholds a parliamentary project clearing a prospective mother to abort upon (1) a risk to her subsistence, (2) a lethal prenatal pathology, or (3) rape, might illustrate the trend and might have harbingered the potentially game-changing Argentine victory in 2020. Subsidiarily, it expands the codified category of conscientious objectors to include institutions and non-professional staff. This appraisal will firstly fathom the kernel of the “considerations” tendered. It will then explore the justices’ transnational and global contextualization of their cogitations. Successively, the discussion will focus on their rather unceremonious supersession of their own adverse precedential settlements. Finally, it will conclude with a brief rumination on how to transition from an extrinsic to an intrinsic viewpoint in the study of national judging. In all, the tribunal did not argue tightly, thoroughly, or creatively. It appeared to have reached for the least common denominator to maintain the majority’s constituents cohesively aboard. At this juncture, the words “hard cases . . . make bad law” take on new meaning.
Partisan Epistemology and Post-Truth Power:

Theological reckoning with our contemporary post-truth context must be cognizant of the ways in which adherence to biblical inerrancy fostered the rise of partisan epistemology. It is essential as ...
Middle School Children's Strategic Behavior: Classification and Relation to Academic Achievement and Mathematical Problem Solving.

Theories of problem solving (e.g., Verschaffelet al., 2000) hold strategic behavior centralto processing mathematical word problems. Thepresent study explores 80 sixth- andseventh-grade students' self-reported use of 14categories of strategies (Zimmerman M organizing and transforming;and goal setting and monitoring behavior.Implications for instructional practices thatsupport active stances toward problem solvingare discussed.
VWF meets the ADAMTS family.

The etiology of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), a severe blood disorder resulting from increased platelet activation, has been an enigma. The identification of ADAMTS as a protease that cleaves von Willebrand factor and the demonstration of ADAMTS mutations in families with inherited TTP suggest a molecular mechanism for the disease.
Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation Outcomes in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia/Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients Aged ≥ 70 Years

Abstract The maximum age of patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHCT) has been moving up over time. However, the availability of a suitable HLA-matched sibling donor may limit access of this patient population to alloHCT. We retrospectively investigated the outcomes of umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) after reduced-intensity conditioning regimens in patients aged ≥70 years with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) between 2010 and 2014. During this period 70 patients with AML/MDS were referred to our center for alloHCT consideration. Twenty-two patients (33%) received alloHCT: 10 UCBT, 9 HLA full-matched sibling donor transplantation, 2 haploidentical alloHCT, and 1 unrelated donor alloHCT. In UCBT, cumulative incidences of nonrelapse mortality and relapse were 20% and 30% at 2 years, respectively. The cumulative incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) at day +100 and chronic GVHD at 2 years was 10%. Seven patients had viral reactivation/infections. Rates of overall survival and disease-free survival were 60% and 50% at 2 years, respectively. Moreover, these outcomes seemed to be similar to that of patients aged 60 to 69 years receiving UCBT (n = 60) and patients aged ≥70 years receiving HLA full-matched sibling donor transplantation (n = 9). These results suggest that UCBT is feasible in selected AML/MDS patients aged ≥70 years. In fact, UCBT shortens the required time for an unrelated donor search and thus increases the chance of proceeding with alloHCT, which might contribute to higher rates of alloHCT in the referral group. Outcomes of UCBT are promising; however, larger studies with a longer follow-up are needed.
Information And Communication Technologies In Support Of Knowledge Management / Organizational Memory / Organizational Learning

Recent increases in globalization, interorganizational alliances, and collaborative work have increased the importance of knowledge sharing while simultaneously increasing the distances in time, space, and knowledge base that separates co-workers. These trends bring exciting and emergent new practices, yet also challenge us to span organizational, institutional, disciplinary, and cultural boundaries. Many organizations turn to information and communication technologies (ICT) – such as knowledge management systems, digital libraries, data sharing systems, and collaborative environments – to manage social and technical exchanges. Yet, the potential of ICTs in mediating and facilitating knowledge sharing is unclear, as are many of the components of this process, such as how knowledge is created across domains, how practices are created to support cross-domain processes, how common knowledge is created among those separated across disciplines, functions and distance, and how all this is managed via ICTs.
Visual Molecular Dynamics Investigations of the Impact of Hydrophobic Nanoparticles on Prognosis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Cancers

The possible impact of hydrophobic lectin nanoparticles on the prognosis and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancers was investigated by Visual Molecular Dynamics (VMD) computer modeling programs available from the Beckmann Advanced Research Institute at the University of Illinois at Urbana. Our results indicate the possibility of impeding pathological aggregation of certain proteins such as modified tau- or beta-amyloid that are currently being considered as possible causes of Alzheimer's disease. VMD programs serve as useful tools for investigation hydrophobic protein aggregation that may play a role in aging of human populations.
Galton's Problem as Multiple Network Autocorrelation Effects Cultural Trait Transmission and Ecological Constraint

Empirical evidence that cultural traits are often nonrandomly distributed because of the individual or combined effects of common history, diffusion, borrowing, and/or other types of cultural trans...
Rapid Two-Dimensional Immunoelectrophoresis of Human Serum Proteins

We describe two versions of a two-dimensional immunoelectrophoretic system and illustrate their use for separating and estimating human serum proteins. Each is sensitive, rapid, and simple to perform, and requires no special apparatus and only 0.1-0.6 ml of antiserum. Both procedures appear to be potentially useful in the clinical laboratory. Time required to obtain a stained pattern varies from 4.5 to 7 h, depending on the intended purpose and sensitivity (number of possible precipitin peaks) desired. With the faster method ("rapid screening") 25 to 35 precipitin peaks are detected. With the slower but more sensitive method 40 to > 50 peaks are detected. The sensitivity of either version is a function of the titer of the polyvalent antiserum to whole human serum. Of the precipitin peaks thus far detected, 35 have been identified.