cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Case of Gait Ataxia and Ophthalmoparesis (P1.149)

Objective: To report a case of CANOMAD syndrome Background: CANOMAD syndrome is a rare chronic neuropathy characterized by sensory ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, IgM paraprotein, cold agglutinins and antidisialosyl antibodies. The condition is associated with significant disability. Design/Methods: Case report. Results: 65 year-old Caucasian male presented with gait imbalance and vision disturbance for 3 years. He also reported paresthesias in fingers and toes. He was subsequently diagnosed with idiopathic neuropathy which became progressively worse. He had difficulty focusing his vision but denied diplopia or pain with eye movement. He was diagnosed with decompensated alternating esotropia vs sixth nerve palsy by ophthalmology who recommended strabismus surgery. He also reported unintentional 60–70lbs weight loss in the past 2 years. Malignancy workup was negative. During a neurology consultation, his exam showed bilateral limited eye abduction, R>L; mild symmetric distal upper and lower extremities weakness and muscle atrophy, with marked impairment of vibration and joint positional sense in hands and feet. He also had diffuse areflexia, a positive Romberg sign and a wide-based ataxic gait. Labs were significant for positive GD1B IgM antibody, IFE with monoclonal IgM Kappa and Lambda band in gamma region. Anti-Hu, VGCC, anti-AchR, ANA, SSA/SSB antibodies and B12 level were negative or normal. MRI brain and orbit were unremarkable. There was electrophysiologic evidence of an asymmetric, sensorimotor polyneuropathy that is predominantly axonal with demyelinating features. Patient was treated with IVIG with improvement of his vision and gait. He will receive IVIG monthly and a hematology consult is pending. Conclusions: CANOMAD syndrome should be considered when patient presents with polyneuropathy with sensory ataxia and ophthalmoparesis. This consideration should prompt a search for monoclonal protein and ganglioside antibodies. Immunomodulation treatment such as IVIG is indicated for this condition. Disclosure: Dr. Bai has nothing to disclose. Dr. Christiana has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jiang has nothing to disclose.
Science and applications of topological photonics: From microwaves to nanoscale

I will provide an overview of the field, with special emphasis on the photonic emulation of the canonical quantum topological phases such as the Hall, spin-Hall, and valley-Hall phases, as well as higher-order topological phases. I will also discuss how the ideas from topological photonics can be used for complete reimagining of the architectures of photonic devices such as add/drop filters, delay lines, and logical gates based on the valley degree of freedom of photons (“photonic valleytronics”). Finally, I will discuss the prospects of realizing reconfigurable topological photonic structures on a nanoscale. The prospects for exciting topologically protected microwaves using high current beams, and using the latter for high-power magnets-free microwave radiation, will also be discussed.
CULTURAL DAKWAH AND MUSLIM MOVEMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES IN THE TWENTIETH AND TWENTY-FIRST CENTURIES

Abstract: There have been Muslims in what is now the United States since tens of thousands were brought as slaves in the 18 th and early 19 th centuries. Very few maintained their Muslim identities because the harsh conditions of slavery. Revitalization movements relying on Muslim symbolism emerged in the early 20 th century. They were primarily concerned with the struggle against racism and oppression. The Moorish Science Temple of American and the Nation of Islam are the two most important of these movement. The haj was a transformative experience for Nation of Islam leaders Malcom X and Muhammad Ali. Realization that Islam is an inclusive faith that does not condone racism led both of them towards mainstream Sunni Islam and for Muhammad Ali to Sufi religious pluralism. Keywords: Nation of Islam, Moorish Science Temple, Revitalization Movement, Malcom X, Muhammad Ali. Abstract: Sejarah Islam di Amerika sudah berakar sejak abad ke 18 dan awal 19, ketika belasan ribu budak dari Afrika dibawa ke wilayah yang sekarang bernama Amerika Serikat. Sangat sedikit di antara mereka yang mempertahankan identitasnya sebagai Muslim mengingat kondisi perbudakan yang sangat kejam dan tidak memungkinkan. Di awal abad 20, muncul-lah gerakan revitalisasi Islam. Utamanya, mereka berkonsentrasi pada gerakan perlawanan terhadap rasisme dan penindasan. The Moorish Science Temple of American dan the Nation of Islam adalah dua kelompok terpenting gerakan perlawanan tersebut. Perjalanan ibadah haji memberikan pengalaman transformatif bagi pimpinan kedua kelompok gerakan tersebut, yaitu Malcom X dan Muhammad Ali. Pemahaman Islam yang inklusif yang tidak sejalan dengan rasisme mendekatkan mereka dengan ajaran-ajaran mainstream Islam sunni, dan (terutama) Muhamad Ali yang condong ke pluralisme ajaran kaum Sufi. Kata Kunci: Nation of islam, Moorish Science Temple, Gerakan revitalisasi, Ma l com X, Muhammad Ali .
The Bureaucratic Sense of the Forthcoming in Seventeenth-Century Istanbul

In this article, I try to answer how the study of bureaucracy may contribute to the history of knowledge. In the broadest terms, the story goes like this: The Ottoman treasury had a difficult time collecting taxes in the seventeenth century. The administrators needed to have a sense of who to tax and how much to tax. To produce the necessary knowledge quickly, they had to rely on a small bureaucracy. And they had to do this without the help of a robust educational system. All of these issues implicated the relationship between knowledge and time. This article provides a preliminary investigation of bureaucratic numeracy with special emphasis on seventeenth-century Ottoman almanacs, or ruznames. I hope to give the reader an integrated understanding of what we usually treat separately as skills, bureaucratic practices, and, ultimately, the wireframe of statehood. I use the expression “sense of the forthcoming” instead of “knowledge of the future,” prognosis, or planning because first, “the forthcoming” was not simply about the natural passage of time but also about prognoses and expectations. Second, “sense” is more appropriate than knowledge because the forthcoming here also means an epistemic fore-closure. It suggests that knowledge may merely be “good enough,” especially at times of epistemic urgency, as was the case in seventeenth-century Istanbul. Some types of bureaucratic knowledge are fore-closed in that certainty or accuracy is simply not pursued beyond a certain point. This article is part of a special issue entitled “Histories of Bureaucratic Knowledge,” edited by Sebastian Felten and Christine von Oertzen.
Gendered Racism and Mental Health among Young Adult U.S. Black Women: The Moderating Roles of Gendered Racial Identity Centrality and Identity Shifting

Black women are uniquely located at the intersection of two marginalized identities which puts them at risk of experiencing a combined discrimination known as gendered racism. Among Black Women, experiencing increased gendered racism is associated with higher poorer mental health which includes higher levels of anxiety and depression. To cope with these experiences of gendered racism, Black women often engage in identity shifting by adjusting one’s behavior and language to conform to environmental norms. Paradoxically, having a strong sense of one’s gendered racial identity has been theorized to potentially protect Black women from the detrimental effects of gendered racism. Two hundred thirty nine young adult U.S. Black women, between the ages of 18 and 35, completed an online survey to examine the role of identity shifting and gendered racial identity centrality on the established link between gendered racism and mental health outcomes, specifically anxiety and depression symptoms. The results indicated that identity shifting did not moderate the associations between gendered racism and anxiety nor depression symptoms. Separate moderation analyses indicated that gendered racial identity centrality moderated the effect of identity shifting on depression but not on anxiety symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of considering identity factors when proposing theories and clinical practices that seek to reduce mental health concerns among young adult U.S. Black women.
The future for Hawaiʻi’s marine aquarium fishery: A cost benefit analysis compared to an environmental impact assessment

Abstract Conflict has surrounded Hawaiʻi's commercial marine aquarium fishery since its inception in the late 1940s. In 2019, the Hawaiʻi Supreme Court requested that an environmental impact statement (EIS) analysing the ecological and cultural impacts of Hawaiʻi's marine aquarium fishery be completed for Hawaiʻi Island (Big Island) and Oʻahu. The costs and benefits associated with the fishery and their distribution across stakeholder groups was however not addressed in the EIS. This paper presents a cost-benefit based analysis of four policy scenarios using existing secondary data for Hawaiʻi's marine aquarium fishery. From the analysis, a state-wide collection ban was the option that yielded positive annual net benefits and negatively impacted the fewest stakeholders. In contrast, the EIS recommends ten permits for fishing off the coast of Big Island be issued.
Zeitenwende — Turn of Eras

A new wave of innovation disrupts our social and economic life as we have lived it in the 20th century. On the one hand, artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to increase our efficiency and ability to cope with the changes that are coming. On the other hand, AI itself also causes disruptions that may be managed best by contributions from other fields. We aim to start an interdisciplinary discourse with this special issue and bring together a set of articles from AI researchers, sociologists, economists, and psychologists who discuss five basic questions: How can AI help? How will AI affect economy and work? How does AI affect democracy? How does AI affect our togetherness? And how does AI affect the human self?
Proton Therapy for HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancers of the Head and Neck: a De-Intensification Strategy

The rise in the incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPC), the relatively young age at which it is diagnosed, and its favorable prognosis necessitate the use of treatment techniques that reduce the likelihood of side effects during and after curative treatment. Intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) is a form of radiotherapy that de-intensifies treatment through dose de-escalation to normal tissues without compromising dose to the primary tumor and involved, regional lymph nodes. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that HPV-positive squamous cell carcinoma is more sensitive to proton radiation than is HPV-negative squamous cell carcinoma. Retrospective studies comparing intensity-modulated photon (X-ray) radiotherapy to IMPT for OPC suggest comparable rates of disease control and lower rates of pain, xerostomia, dysphagia, dysgeusia, gastrostomy tube dependence, and osteoradionecrosis with IMPT—all of which meaningfully affect the quality of life of patients treated for HPV-associated OPC. Two phase III trials currently underway—the “Randomized Trial of IMPT versus IMRT for the Treatment of Oropharyngeal Cancer of the Head and Neck” and the “TOxicity Reduction using Proton bEam therapy for Oropharyngeal cancer (TORPEdO)” trial—are expected to provide prospective, level I evidence regarding the effectiveness of IMPT for such patients.
Enhancing Distribution Grid Flexibility using Active Power Distribution Node Converter Interfaces

This paper investigates an active power distribution node (APDN) topology’s ability to improve distribution grid flexibility. Network flexibility demands the capability to accommodate dynamic power flow from a variety of power generation sources including higher penetrations of distributed energy resources. The TMMC-APDN interface accomplishes this by utilizing bi-directional ports and embedded energy storage to achieve power-routing and power-buffering functionality and selectively promote the utilization of connected sources and loads. It is important to evaluate the effectiveness of such features on a distribution system, and therefore, evaluate the benefits to system operation and power supply availability. The converter’s functionality will be evaluated using a stability analysis of the controller’s eigenvalues, availability calculations of the defined test system, and experimental testing of the converter modules.
Capacitated lot-sizing problem with outsourcing

We study a capacitated lot-sizing problem with outsourcing, in which the production capacity is constant and the outsourcing is uncapacitated. In each period, the demand can be satisfied by both production and outsourcing. We develop a dynamic programming-based algorithm to solve this problem in polynomial time.
Reconciling trademark rights and free expression locally and globally

There is a growing consensus that domestic and international trademark laws must be revised to better protect the right to freedom of expression. This paper argues that governments and free speech advocates should currently focus their efforts on developing a global “soft law” instrument that contains specific, speech-protective model trademark laws that clarify how nations can protect expressive interests in domestic trademark laws without violating their international obligations to protect trademarks. The goal would be to encourage decision-makers to consider how the unreasonable expansion of trademark protection can harm the public interest, and provide governments with the tools to reconcile trademark rights and free expression in their domestic trademark legislation, regulations, and litigation. Nations would have the flexibility to experiment and select which speech-friendly trademark reforms work best given their domestic law and culture. Experimentation is better than harmonization in this area until more countries agree on whether and how to protect expressive interests in trademark law. After providing some background regarding the increasing conflict between trademark rights and free expression, this paper demonstrates how the provisions of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property allow member states to protect expression in their trademark laws. It also sets forth a framework for the development of speech-protective model trademark laws relating to what is protectable subject matter in trademark law, the scope of rights, defenses, remedies, and secondary trademark liability. These guidelines could provide a useful "menu" of options for legislators, trademark offices, and courts trying to balance the various rights and interests in trademark law.
Neurological Complications of Immunosuppressive Agents

The majority of immunosuppressive agents used to prevent rejection in organ transplant recipients are neurotoxic and can impact upon the function of structures throughout the nervous system. The clinical manifestations can be quite diverse.
Dosimetric Anchoring of Toxicological Studies

Comparing the onset of effects between different toxicological studies is often confounded by pharmacokinetics (PK). Differences between studies can be biological in origin (e.g. species, gender) as well as due to dose regimen (e.g. spacing, magnitude, duration, and route of administration). However, if the pharmacodynamic mechanism underlying the observed toxicological effect is conserved, and some measure of the tissue concentration (i.e., dosimetry) at the site of effect can be determined, then it is expected that this dosimetric anchor should also be conserved across studies. Careful consideration of the PK is required, and mathematical models for PK can address this need. It is relatively easy to extrapolate model predictions if there is a reasonable expectation of linear behavior and conserved PK between test conditions and those to be predicted. For perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), however, we expect PK extrapolation to be much more difficult. Aspects of the distribution, metabolism, and elimination of PFCs have unusual and non-linear features that must be considered. The PK of PFCs is especially unusual in that the half-lives of the longer chain PFCs vary by many orders of magnitude across species, dose regimen, and in some cases, across gender. The empirical saturable renal resorption hypothesis of the Andersen et al. (Toxicol 227(16978759):156–164, 2006) model provides the simplest available non-linear PK model that describes PFCs PK. However, despite the plausible biological mechanism, this model is still empirical, requiring that species-specific parameters are estimated using species-specific PK data. With this model, diverse toxicological studies of PFCs can be shown to be roughly consistent with respect to the internal, dosimetric anchors induced by their various study designs.
Wavelength shift and strain in quantum well structure by MOCVD selective area growth

In this paper bulk InGaAs, InGaAsP, and multiquantum well (MQW) materials have been separately grown by MOCVD with series of SiO/sub 2/ oxide patterns. The material composition was identified by photoluminescence (PL) measurement. The compressive strain in SAG region was calculated and could be compensated during growth by introducing tensile strain. In a MQW structure, the well thickness enhancement due to oxide pattern has been measured; the wavelength shift from both material composition change and well thickness enhancement has been identified individually. This work can help to precisely predict wavelength shift in any part of the SAG region and to obtain high quality crystal growth in SAG region.
Evaluation of capacity for CDMA systems on frequency-selective fading channels

In this paper, we study the maximum number of users that each base station can support on a frequency selective fading channel. In practice, for wideband communications the fading channel can be modeled as a frequency-selective fading channel. We use the wide sense stationary uncorrelated-scattering (WSSUS) channel model for the fading process in this study. Based on assumptions made for the delay cross-power density, we analyzed the desired user's signal quality in a CDMA system in the presence of an existing narrowband signal. Exploitation of different orders of effective diversity at the receiver have also been considered. Finally, we compare the system capacity realized for various channel models.
Feasibility of Personalized Affective Video Summaries

Video summaries present the content of a video stream concisely while trying to preserve its original, essential message. By means of a feasibility study, this article investigates whether users' physiological responses to video content can adequately serve as a basis for the creation of affective video summaries that are personalized for an individual user.
Extending the Kernighan/Lin Heuristic for Hardware and Software Functional Partitioning

The Kernighan/Lin graph partitioning heuristic, also known as min-cut or group migration, has been extended over several decades very successfully for circuit partitioning. Those extensions customized the heuristic and its associated data structure to rapidly compute the minimum-cut metric central to circuit partitioning; as such, those extensions are not directly applicable to other problems. In this paper, we extend the heuristic for functional partitioning, which in turn can solve the much investigated codesign problem of partitioning a system's coarse-grained functions among hardware and software components. The key extension customizes the heuristic and data structure to rapidly compute execution-time and communication metrics, crucial to hardware and software partitioning, and leads to near-linear time-complexity and excellent resulting quality. Another extension uses a new criteria for terminating the heuristic, eliminating time-consuming and unnecessary fine-tuning of a partition. Our experiments demonstrate extremely fast execution times (just a few seconds) with results matched only by the slower simulated annealing heuristic, meaning that the extended Kernighan/Lin heuristic will likely prove hard to beat for hardware and software functional partitioning.
Knowledge management in Academic Libraries: Building the knowledge bank at the Ohio State University

Ces cinquante dernieres annees, les bibliothecaires sont passes du developpement des collections a la gestion des collections, avant de franchir un pas supplementaire avec la gestion des connaissances. L'A. retrace cette evolution, definit la gestion des connaissances et decrit la facon dont la Ohio State University a repondu a ces changements en mettant en place le projet Knowledge Bank de depot numerique institutionnel des connaissances.
Observation of sampled-data nonlinear systems with delayed measurements and controls

We derive discrete-time block and recursive observers for sampled-data nonlinear systems with measurements and control inputs that are delayed. The block observer is a discrete-time deadbeat observer, generalized to include systems under delayed control and sensing. The recursive observer is based on discrete-time gain scheduling, generalized to include systems under delayed control and sensing. Simulations are provided showing observer-based feedback control of a two-link robot arm.
Impact of radiotherapy and chemotherapy on planning and outcome of breast reconstruction

The development of better mammography and increased awareness of breast cancer has allowed earlier diagnosis of the disease. Therefore, the indications for adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies have become more widespread and are in continual evolution, as we learn more about the shortand long-term effects of these modalities. The use of chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy not only has repercussions on recurrence and patient survival, but also on the approach of definitive loco-regional control: surgery. Reconstructive breast surgery is also subsequently affected by the preand post-operative use of these adjuvant therapies. An understanding of the effects of adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy on the reconstructive options and outcomes is essential to better educate the patient and prepare the surgeon.
The arithmetic of certain quartic curves

We give a sufficient condition using the Brauer–Manin obstruction under which certain quartic curves have no rational points. Using this sufficient condition, we construct two families of genus one quartic curves violating the Hasse principle explained by the Brauer–Manin obstruction.
Ultraviolet spectroscopy of the chromosphere and transition zone at high spatial and temporal resolution

Abstract The third rocket flight of the NRL High Resolution Telescope and Spectrograph (HRTS) recorded UV spectra of the quiet Sun in a 10″ × 800″ region. By rastering the slit in 2′' increments, a time series with 20s resolution of two-dimensional spectra with 1′' spatial resolution was obtained. The spectrum includes strong chromospheric diagnostic lines of C I, Si I, and Fe II, transition zone lines of C IV and the continuum which is produced in the temperature minimum. Images of the network show that Fe II emission is well-correlated with dark Hα mottles, that the transition zone is produced in extended structures which are apparently continuations of the mottles, and that the strongest continuum emission is from near the base of the mottles. Time series of C I profiles show little variation in most features aside from the chromospheric jets which develop rapidly over timescales of 30s. The C IV profiles also show only gradual variations over most of the slit except for the numerous small explosive events.
Electrochemical Measurement of Low Corrosion Rates

Abstract Materials with corrosion rates of 0.i mpy or less are required in many applications. In this investigation, application of linear polarization to measurement of low corrosion rates is examined, Also, two new electrochemical techniques are derived theoretically and verified experimentally. These methods can measure accurately corrosion rates less than 0.0005 mpy and require 20 minutes or less to perform.
Functional effects of a tropomyosin mutation linked to FHC contribute to maladaptation during acidosis

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death among young athletes but the functional effects of the myofilament mutations during FHC-associated ischemia and acidosis, due in part to increased extravascular compressive forces and microvascular dysfunction, are not well characterized. We tested the hypothesis that the FHC-linked tropomyosin (Tm) mutation Tm-E180G alters the contractile response to acidosis via increased myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity. Intact papillary muscles from transgenic (TG) mice expressing Tm-E180G and exposed to acidic conditions (pH 6.9) exhibited a significantly smaller decrease in normalized isometric tension compared to non-transgenic (NTG) preparations. Times to peak tension and to 90% of twitch force relaxation in TG papillary muscles were significantly prolonged. Intact single ventricular TG myocytes demonstrated significantly less inhibition of unloaded shortening during moderate acidosis (pH 7.1) than NTG myocytes. The peak Ca(2+) transients were not different for TG or NTG at any pH tested. The time constant of re-lengthening was slower in TG myocytes, but not the rate of Ca(2+) decline. TG detergent-extracted fibers demonstrated increased Ca(2+) sensitivity of force and maximal tension compared to NTG at both normal and acidic pH (pH 6.5). Tm phosphorylation was not different between TG and NTG muscles at either pH. Our data indicate that acidic pH diminished developed force in hearts of TG mice less than in NTG due to their inherently increased myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity, thus potentially contributing to altered energy demands and increased propensity for contractile dysfunction.
Requirements Determination: An Information Systems Specialist Perspective of Process Quality

An empirical study was performed to identify, elucidate and judge factors that affect the quality of the information requirements determination process. These quality factors were determined using a series of nominal group processes involving information systems specialists from various organisations and projects. The results indicate that there exists a set of factors that IS specialists from different organisations and with different systems experience agree upon as being critical to ensuring the quality of the requirements determination process, and that these factors appear to fall into six categories: IS specialist factors, user factors, project team factors, project factors, application factors and environmental/organisational factors.
Kinetic and mineralogic controls on the evolution of groundwater chemistry and 87Sr/86Sr in a sandy silicate aquifer, northern Wisconsin, USA

Abstract Substantial flowpath-related variability of 87Sr/86Sr is observed in groundwaters collected from the Trout Lake watershed of northern Wisconsin. In the extensive shallow aquifer composed of sandy glacial outwash, groundwater is recharged either by seepage from lakes or by precipitation that infiltrates the inter-lake uplands. 87Sr/86Sr of groundwater derived mainly as seepage from a precipitation-dominated lake near the head of the watershed decreases with progressive water chemical evolution along its flowpath due primarily to enhanced dissolution of relatively unradiogenic plagioclase. In contrast, 87Sr/86Sr of groundwater derived mainly from precipitation that infiltrates upland areas is substantially greater than that of precipitation collected from the watershed, due to suppression of plagioclase dissolution together with preferential leaching of Sr from radiogenic phases such as K-feldspar and biotite. The results of a column experiment that simulated the effects of changing residence time of water in the aquifer sand indicate that mobile waters obtain relatively unradiogenic Sr, whereas stagnant waters obtain relatively radiogenic Sr. Nearly the entire range of strontium-isotope composition observed in groundwaters from the watershed was measured in the experimental product waters. The constant mobility of water along groundwater recharge flowpaths emanating from the lakes promotes the dissolution of relatively unradiogenic plagioclase, perhaps due to effective dispersal of clay mineral nuclei resulting from dissolution reactions. In contrast, episodic stagnation in the unsaturated zone along the upland recharge flowpaths suppresses plagioclase dissolution, perhaps due to accumulation of clay mineral nuclei on its reactive surfaces. Differences in redox conditions along these contrasting flowpaths probably enhance the observed differences in strontium isotope behavior. This study demonstrates that factors other than the calculated state of mineral saturation must be considered when attempting to simulate chemical evolution along flowpaths, and that reaction models must be able to incorporate changing contributions from reacting minerals in the calculations.
Daily voluntary exercise alters the cardiovascular response to hemorrhage in conscious male rats

Abstract The present study tested the hypothesis that voluntary wheel-exercised rats would better tolerate severe hemorrhage (HEM) compared to age matched sedentary (SED) controls. Conscious rats housed with (EX, n = 8) or without (SED, n = 8) a running wheel for 6 weeks underwent a 30% total blood volume HEM over 15 min and were euthanized 90 min later and brain tissue was processed for Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI). Both EX and SED groups displayed typical responses to HEM (initial tachycardia followed by decreased HR and MAP) but at the end of HEM, mean arterial pressure (93 ± 6 vs 58 ± 3 mmHg) and heart rate (316 ± 17 vs. 247 ± 22 bpm,) were higher in the EX vs. SED animals and 60 min following the end of HEM, HR remained significantly elevated in the EX vs SED animals. The altered HR response to HEM in the EX animals was linked to a significant difference in sympatho-vagal drive identified by heart rate variability analysis and an augmented baroreflex response to hypotension tested in a separate group of animals ( n = 4–5/group). In many of the brain regions analyzed, EX rats displayed lower levels of FLI compared to SED rats. Significantly lower levels of FLI in the EX vs SED rats were identified in the middle and caudal external lateral subnucleus of the lateral parabrachial nucleus and the dorsal cap of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. These results suggest that enhanced tolerance to HEM following daily exercise may result from an EX-induced reduction in excitation or exaggerated inhibition in central circuits involved in autonomic control.
The effect of environment on the changes in calmodulin in rat brain produced by repeated amphetamine treatment

Rats were given repeated infusions of i.v. amphetamine in association with placement in a novel test environment, a protocol that produces behavioral sensitization, or in the home cage, a protocol that fails to induce sensitization. In several brain areas amphetamine altered calmodulin content, but only in the group treated in a novel environment, suggesting that amphetamine-induced alterations in calmodulin may occur only when drug treatments induce behavioral sensitization.
Further observations on the late triassic conifers Compsostrobus neotericus and Voltzia andrewsii

The original concept of the ovulate cone in the late Triassic conifer Compsostrobus neotericus was of the ovuliferous scales each bearing two seeds on their upper surface, each seed attached erect along a narrow edge. New evidence confirms the position of seed attachment but shows that the seed rested on the ovuliferous scales along their flat faces rather than standing erect. Further study of the late Triassic conifer Voltzia andrewsii has revealed that each ovuliferous scale is subtended by a slender bract which is fused to the scale except for a free acute tip. The sterile components of the ovuliferous scale are completely fused except for the rounded distal lobes, unlike cones normally assigned to Voltzia in which (except for V. coburgensis Magdefrau) the five sterile lobes are free almost to the point of their attachment. This difference together with the adnation of the seeds to the ovuliferous scale, warrants placing Voltzia andrewsii into a separate genus, Florinostrobus gen. nov.
Towards a mechanized metatheory of standard ML

We present an internal language with equivalent expressive power to Standard ML, and discuss its formalization in LF and the machine-checked verification of its type safety in Twelf. The internal language is intended to serve as the target of elaboration in an elaborative semantics for Standard ML in the style of Harper and Stone. Therefore, it includes all the programming mechanisms necessary to implement Standard ML, including translucent modules, abstraction, polymorphism, higher kinds, references, exceptions, recursive types, and recursive functions. Our successful formalization of the proof involved a careful interplay between the precise formulations of the various mechanisms, and required the invention of new representation and proof techniques of general interest.
Gradient form and sequential effects during generalization testing in extinction

Four naive pigeons were given six generalization tests in extinction after periods of pretraining in which S+ appeared with food reinforcement and S− appeared in extinction. An analysis of sequential effects among presentations of test stimuli showed that the overall gradient was influenced differently by stimuli at the extremes of the continuum of test stimuli and by S+ and adjacent stimuli. Gradients consisting of responding in each stimulus when it was preceded by an extreme stimulus tended to peak at S+, while gradients produced when each stimulus was preceded by S+ or an adjacent stimulus tended to show a peak shift. This was true whether the overall gradient showed a peak shift or not. Two naive subjects were added and four additional tests were given after pretraining in which unequal frequencies of reinforcement accompanied both S+ and S−. Results of all 10 tests show that sequential effects occur during generalization testing in extinction and that these “local dimensional effects” are unlike local contrast. These stimulus-specific sequential effects may greatly influence overall gradient form.
Row Resolved Heat Transfer Variations in Pin-Fin Arrays Including Effects of Non-Uniform Arrays and Flow Convergence

Measured streamwise (longitudinal) heat transfer variations, spanwise (transverse) averaged and resolved to single row spacings, are presented for large aspect ratio ducts containing staggered arrays of circular pin fins which span the entire duct height. A number of different array geometries have been investigated in an experimental program, including uniformly spaced arrays in constant cross sectional area ducts with streamwise row spacings over the range 1.5 to 5.0 pin diameters. Such arrays, with pin length-to-diameter ratio of order unity, are often used to enhance heat transfer in internal cooling passages of gas turbine engine airfoils. The effects of various length interruptions in the pin pattern and of abrapt changes in pin diameter are presented for constant cross sectional area ducts. In addition, results are presented for the effect of duct convergence, a common situation in the cooled turbine airfoil application. A concise summary of all the observed behavior is given, useful for predicting the performance of arbitrarily spaced pin fin arrays that may be specified to produce a particular cooling distribution. Predictions are compared with two final test, configurations which combine aspects of all of the effects investigated in the experimental program.Copyright © 1986 by ASME
Direct Determination of the Phase Distributions of Semi-Volatile Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Annular Denuders

An annular denuder-based sampler, here called the integrated organic vapor/particle sampler (IOVPS), has been developed for direct determination of both gaseous and particulate semi-volatile organic species. The IOVPS uses a cyclone inlet for removal of particles greater than 2.5 μm (D50) from the airstream, followed by two or three sandblasted glass annular denuders coated with ground particles of an adsorbent resin. The denuders trap the gas-phase species of interest before the airstream passes through a filter and a backup denuder. Extracts of the denuders and filters are analyzed for the semi-volatile species of interest. The IOVPS has been tested and validated for sampling semi-volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in indoor laboratory room air and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Ground XAD-4 was the adsorbent for these initial studies. Gas- and particulate-phase concentrations of semi-volatile PAH are presented for these two environments. The new sampler provides the means for directly determining phase distributions of PAH and other classes of semi-volatile organic species, rather than by difference or by techniques that are subject to large positive and negative artifacts.
Attrition of Hmong Students in Teacher Education Programs

Abstract This paper is a descriptive study that addresses student attrition in two Title VII Bilingual Education Career Ladder Programs for Hmong paraprofessionals and traditional-age college students working towards teacher certification in Wisconsin. The U.S. Department of Education (USDE) funded these projects. One project is now in its fourth programmatic year, and the other is in its third year. After reviewing the literature regarding Hmong Americans and providing an overview of the two projects, the authors assess the primary factors leading to student attrition in the two USDE projects. They also suggest some strategies that might be employed to maximize retention.
Void growth in tungsten wire

Abstract This paper presents a study of void growth in tungsten wire. This wire contains potassium bubbles which are used to control grain growth and morphology at elevated temperatures. Voids grow on the grain boundaries of this wire when it is operated in a lamp or heated in an uncoiled configuration. It was found that void growth was accelerated as the temperature of the wire, the stress on the wire and the amount of oxygen in the environment were increased. It was also found that in the lamps operated without an externally applied stress (i.e. other than gravitational forces), voids did not grow unless there was a population of potassium bubbles with diameters greater than 0.08 μm. Based on these observations, it is proposed that the voids grow by creep. The larger pre-existing potassium bubbles serve as nuclei for these creep voids, since the low stresses and high temperatures preclude mechanically assisted nucleation at the high temperatures of lamp operation. It is also proposed that grain boundary sliding is an important source of stress in causing the voids to grow. Model calculations are used to support these conclusions.
The Nakhla Martian meteorite is a cumulate igneous rock. Comment on "Glass-bearing inclusions in Nakhla (SNC meteorite) augite: heterogeneously trapped phases" (2001) by M. E. Varela, G. Kurat, and R. Clocchiatti

¶All the properties of the Nakhla Martian meteorite suggest that it is a cumulate igneous rock, formed from a basaltic parental magma. Anomalous magmatic inclusions in Nakhla’s augite grains (Varela et al., 2001) can be explained by disequilibrium processes during crystal growth, and have little significance in the geological history of the meteorite.
Dewetting of Silica Surfaces upon Reactions with Supercritical CO2 and Brine: Pore-Scale Studies in Micromodels

Wettability of reservoir minerals and rocks is a critical factor controlling CO2 mobility, residual trapping, and safe-storage in geologic carbon sequestration, and currently is the factor imparting the greatest uncertainty in predicting capillary behavior in porous media. Very little information on wettability in supercritical CO2 (scCO2)–mineral-brine systems is available. We studied pore-scale wettability and wettability alteration in scCO2–silica-brine systems using engineered micromodels (transparent pore networks), at 8.5 MPa and 45 °C, over a wide range of NaCl concentrations up to 5.0 M. Dewetting of silica surfaces upon reactions with scCO2 was observed through water film thinning, water droplet formation, and contact angle increases within single pores. The brine contact angles increased from initial values near 0° up to 80° with larger increases under higher ionic strength conditions. Given the abundance of silica surfaces in reservoirs and caprocks, these results indicate that CO2 induced dewe...
Geophysics: Tectonics in the Earth's core

The complex three-dimensional structure of the Earth's solid inner core reveals how it has grown through time. Numerical simulations of the solidification process suggest that part of this structure has resulted from recent tectonic activity.
Child Neurology: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy in children

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by patchy demyelination of nerve roots and distal nerves. The course may be monophasic progressive or relapsing-remitting. CIDP is less common in children than in adults. As in adults, children with CIDP present with proximal and distal weakness and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Children are most often brought to medical attention due to gait disturbance and falling. As in adults, immunomodulatory treatment is the mainstay of therapy. Based on the small number of case series available, children with CIDP seem have a more favorable long-term course than adults.
Seasonal impact of blending oxygenated organics with gasoline on motor vehicle tailpipe and evaporative emissions.

Emissions from a 1988 GM Corsica with adaptive learning closed loop control were measured with 4 fuels at 40, 75, and 90° F. Evaporative and exhaust emissions were examined from each fuel at each test temperature. Test fuels were unleaded summer grade gasoline; a blend of this gasoline containing 8.1 percent ethanol; a refiner’s blend stock; and the blend stock containing 16.2 percent methyl tertiary butyl ether. The ethanol and MTBE blends contained 3.0 percent oxygen by weight. Regulated emissions (total hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen), detailed aldehydes, detailed hydrocarbons, ethanol, MTBE, benzene, and 1, 3-butadiene were determined. The highest levels of regulated emissions were produced at the lower temperature. Blended fuels produced almost twice the evaporative hydrocarbon emissions at high temperatures as did the base fuels. Benzene emissions varied with fuels and operating temperatures, while 1, 3-butadiene emissions decreased slightly with increasing temperatures. Forma...
How effective are treatments for diabetic retinopathy

ANALYSIS of data from four decades of clinical research demonstrates that currently recommended treatments are considerably more effective in preventing blindness from proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) than has been previously appreciated. In fact, careful follow-up, timely photocoagulation, and vitrectomy when necessary strikingly reduce the risk of blindness for patients with PDR. This remarkable finding lends even greater urgency to current efforts to ensure that virtually all persons with diabetes receive at least yearly dilated eye examinations and are offered appropriate treatment when indicated. Based on the results of clinical trials supported by the National Eye Institute and extensive clinical experience, specific recommendations have been developed concerning for whom and when treatment is appropriate. 1-5 Prior to the availability of these treatments, the development of PDR was reason for extreme concern by both patients and their physicians about the risk of impending blindness. A 1963 study by Beetham 6 showed that
The Importance of SAR Wavelength in Penetrating Blow Sand in Northern Arizona

Abstract Multifrequency and polarimetric Air borne S ynthetic A perture R adar (AIRSAR) images of a sand streak in northern Arizona demonstrate the ability of C- (6-cm wavelength), L- (24 cm), and P-band (68 cm) radar signals to backscatter, respectively, from increasingly greater depths reaching 2 m or more in active blow sand. The studied sand streak, located on a salient of Ward Terrace at lat 35°48.4′N and long 111°15.0′W, is sourced in the normally dry Little Colorado River channel and migrates northeastward toward the Moenkopi Plateau Scarp. The sand streak is “radar dark” compared to the “radar-bright” surface of Ward Terrace on all C-band images. It is, however, penetrated completely at P-band and is invisible on these images. The sand streak is recognizable on the LHH image but is poorly defined on the LHV image. High resolution AIRSAR images constitute the primary data set analyzed; in addition, a C-band radar image acquired by the European Remote Sensing (ERS) satellite is also presented. The spaceborne image data confirms the results of the aircraft data at C-band.
Marketing Decision-Information Systems: An Emerging View

Marketing decision-information systems are composed of four key elements: a data bank, a model bank, a measurement-statistics bank, and a communications capability. If full advantage is to be taken...
Transurethral resection versus incision of the prostate: a randomized, prospective study

Abstract Objectives To evaluate longer term effects of transurethral resection (TURP) and incision (TUIP) of the prostate in randomized patients. Methods In a randomized, prospective study, 120 patients with symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction caused by smaller benign prostates (estimated resectable weight less than 20 g) were assigned to TURP or TUIP. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and at intervals postoperatively as to urinary symptoms (Madsen's questionnaire), sexual function, and uroflowmetry. Overall evaluation of outcome of surgery was also assessed at follow-up visits. Results Fifty-six patients received a TURP and 61 a TUIP. Three patients refused to participate in the project after randomization, and 5 patients were lost to or excluded from follow-up. A group of 112 patients were obtainable for postoperative evaluation with a mean follow-up time of 34 months (1 to 82 months). Improvements in mean urinary peak flow rates were seen in both groups throughout the study period. The peak flow rates generally were higher (but not statistically so) in the TURP group. Postoperative irritative, obstructive, as well as total symptom scores decreased significantly at all followup visits after both TURP and TUIP ( P ≤0.034). Preoperatively and at all postoperative follow-up there was no statistically significant difference in irritative, obstructive, or total symptom scores between TURP and TUIP. The patients indicated an overall subjective improvement at all follow-ups in both groups, with no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups. Fifteen of 22 (68%) patients receiving TURP and 8 of 23 (35%) in the TUIP group who were sexually active before and after surgery developed postoperative retrograde ejaculation ( P = 0.020). Postoperatively, 9 (16%) of the patients in the TURP and 14 (23%) in the TUIP group received further treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)-related infravesical obstruction. This difference was not statistically significant ( P = 0.908). Conclusions In small prostates TURP and TUIP were generally equally effective in relieving bladder outlet obstruction secondary to BPH. Most surgically treated BPH cases can be well managed by the incision technique, which is an underutilized procedure.