cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Referenceless PRF shift thermometry.

The proton resonance frequency (PRF) shift provides a means of measuring temperature changes during minimally invasive thermotherapy. However, conventional PRF thermometry relies on the subtraction of baseline images, which makes it sensitive to tissue motion and frequency drift during the course of treatment. In this study, a new method is presented that eliminates these problems by estimating the background phase from each acquired image phase. In this referenceless method, a polynomial is fit to the background phase outside the heated region in a weighted least-squares fit. Extrapolation of the polynomial to the heated region serves as the background phase estimate, which is then subtracted from the actual phase. The referenceless method is demonstrated on a phantom during laser heating, 0° temperature rise images of in vivo human liver, interstitial laser ablation of porcine liver, and transurethral ultrasound ablation of canine prostate. A good correlation between temperature maps reconstructed with the referenceless and subtraction methods was found. Magn Reson Med 51:1223–1231, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Are students really connected? Predicting college adjustment from social network usage

The rapid growth in popularity of social networking sites has spurred research exploring the impact of usage in a variety of areas. The current study furthered this line of research by examining the relationships between social network usage and adjustment to college in the academic, social, personal-emotional and university affiliation domains. Realising the number of students with social networking accounts, some universities have developed strategic plans for social media. Thus, this study also compared two universities, one with a social media strategic plan and one without, to determine if the planning process had an influence on students. Results indicated that social network usage was related to college adjustment. Specifically, those students who reported higher rates of social media use reported lower levels of adjustment to college in all domains. However, there were no differences between the two universities, indicating that having a social media strategic plan does not influence students in t...
Treefrogs as animal models for research on auditory scene analysis and the cocktail party problem.

The perceptual analysis of acoustic scenes involves binding together sounds from the same source and separating them from other sounds in the environment. In large social groups, listeners experience increased difficulty performing these tasks due to high noise levels and interference from the concurrent signals of multiple individuals. While a substantial body of literature on these issues pertains to human hearing and speech communication, few studies have investigated how nonhuman animals may be evolutionarily adapted to solve biologically analogous communication problems. Here, I review recent and ongoing work aimed at testing hypotheses about perceptual mechanisms that enable treefrogs in the genus Hyla to communicate vocally in noisy, multi-source social environments. After briefly introducing the genus and the methods used to study hearing in frogs, I outline several functional constraints on communication posed by the acoustic environment of breeding “choruses”. Then, I review studies of sound source perception aimed at uncovering how treefrog listeners may be adapted to cope with these constraints. Specifically, this review covers research on the acoustic cues used in sequential and simultaneous auditory grouping, spatial release from masking, and dip listening. Throughout the paper, I attempt to illustrate how broad-scale, comparative studies of carefully considered animal models may ultimately reveal an evolutionary diversity of underlying mechanisms for solving cocktail-party-like problems in communication.
The Cellular Mechanism of Action of Cardiotonic Steroids: A New Hypothesis

Arterial smooth muscle (ASM) contraction is triggered by agonist-evoked Ca2+ mobilization from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The amount of Ca2+ released, and thus, the magnitude of the contractions, depends directly on SR Ca2+ content. Na+ pump inhibition by cardiotonic steroids (CTS) indirectly increases the Ca2+ content of the SR and, thus, contractility. This sequence of events does not, however, account for the multiple Na+ pump alpha subunit isoforms with different affinities for Na+ and for CTS, nor does it explain the cardiotonic and vasotonic effects of low doses of CTS that do not elevate cytosolic Na+ or Ca2+. We show that the Na+ pump high ouabain affinity (alpha3) isoform and the plasmalemmal (PM) Na/Ca exchanger are confined to PM domains that overlie junctional SR in ASM, while low ouabain affinity alpha1 and the PM Ca2+ pump are uniformly distributed in the PM. Thus, low doses of CTS, including an endogenous ouabain-like compound, influence cytosolic Na+ and (indirectly) Ca2+ concentrations only in the cytoplasmic clefts between the PM and junctional SR (a functional unit we call the "plasmerosome"). In turn, this modulates the Ca2+ content of the junctional SR and cell responsiveness.
The submergence tolerance gene, SUB1A, delays leaf senescence under prolonged darkness through hormonal regulation in rice

Leaf senescence is a natural age-dependent process that is induced prematurely by various environmental stresses. Typical alterations during leaf senescence include breakdown of chlorophyll, a shift to catabolism of energy reserves, and induction of senescence-associated genes, all of which can occur during submergence, drought, and constant darkness. Here, we evaluated the influence of the submergence tolerance regulator, SUBMERGENCE1A (SUB1A), in the acclimation responses during leaf senescence caused by prolonged darkness in rice (Oryza sativa). SUB1A messenger RNA was highly induced by prolonged darkness in a near-isogenic line containing SUB1A. Genotypes with conditional and ectopic overexpression of SUB1A significantly delayed loss of leaf color and enhanced recovery from dark stress. Physiological analysis revealed that SUB1A postpones dark-induced senescence through the maintenance of chlorophyll and carbohydrate reserves in photosynthetic tissue. This delay allowed leaves of SUB1A genotypes to recover photosynthetic activity more quickly upon reexposure to light. SUB1A also restricted the transcript accumulation of representative senescence-associated genes. Jasmonate and salicylic acid are positive regulators of leaf senescence, but ectopic overexpression of SUB1A dampened responsiveness to both hormones in the context of senescence. We found that ethylene accelerated senescence stimulated by darkness and jasmonate, although SUB1A significantly restrained dark-induced ethylene accumulation. Overall, SUB1A genotypes displayed altered responses to prolonged darkness by limiting ethylene production and responsiveness to jasmonate and salicylic acid, thereby dampening the breakdown of chlorophyll, carbohydrates, and the accumulation of senescence-associated messenger RNAs. A delay of leaf senescence conferred by SUB1A can contribute to the enhancement of tolerance to submergence, drought, and oxidative stress.
The Evolution of Low-Level Rotation in the 29 May 1994 Newcastle–Graham, Texas, Storm Complex during VORTEX

Abstract This paper reports the results of an analysis of airflow evolution in the tornadic Newcastle–Graham, Texas, storm complex of 29 May 1994. A series of seven pseudo-dual-Doppler analyses from 2242 to 2315 are performed from tail radar observations by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration P-3 aircraft. Subjective analyses of quasi-horizontal single-Doppler radar observations provide a detailed look at structure and evolution of the hook echo and the low-level Newcastle mesocyclone. Special emphasis is placed on the evolution of low-level [i.e., below 1 km above ground level (AGL)] rotation of the parent mesoscale circulation of the Newcastle tornado and the origins of mesoscale rotation preceding tornadogenesis. The structure and evolution of the Newcastle and Graham mesocyclones are compared and contrasted. The airborne Doppler analyses reveal that the tornadic Newcastle cell had supercell characteristics and that the Newcastle storm circulation could be classified as a mesocyclone ba...
Molecular Modeling of Electrolytes

Recent advances in molecular modeling provide significant insight into electrolyte electrochemical and transport properties. The first part of the chapter discusses applications of quantum chemistry methods to determine electrolyte oxidative stability and oxidation-induced decomposition reactions. A link between the oxidation stability of model electrolyte clusters and the kinetics of oxidation reactions is established and compared with the results of linear sweep voltammetry measurements. The second part of the chapter focuses on applying molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and density functional theory to predict the structural and transport properties of liquid electrolytes and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) model compounds; the free energy profiles for lithium desolvation from electrolytes; and the behavior of electrolytes at charged electrodes and the electrolyte–SEI interface.
Information Seeking Strategies for an Innovative Product within the Husband-Wife Dyad

This research investigated modes of information seeking within the husband-wife dyad for a high risk innovation. Subjects completed a twenty-one item behavioral differential designed to measure the tendency to seek seven different information sourcs. Subjects also completed measures of generalized self-confidence, specific Self-confidence, and anxiety. Multiple discriminanl analysis was used to reveal the differences between the husband’s and the wife’s information search patterns. The results show the wife’s greater tendency to ask her husband’s opinion, the husband’s willingness to evaluate advertising, and the husband’s greater confidence levels (both generalized and product specific) as the major discriminators between the husband’s and wife’s inrorrnation search.
Polymerase chain reaction-based gene removal from plasmids

This data article contains supplementary figures and methods to the research article entitled, “Multiplex gene removal by two-step polymerase chain reactions” (Krishnamurthy et al., Anal. Biochem., 2015, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2015.03.033), which presents a restriction-enzyme free method to remove multiple DNA segments from plasmids. Restriction-free cloning methods have dramatically improved the flexibility and speed of genetic manipulation compared to conventional assays based on restriction enzyme digestion (Lale and Valla, 2014. DNA Cloning and Assembly Methods, vol. 1116). Here, we show the basic scheme and characterize the success rate for single and multiplex gene removal from plasmids. In addition, we optimize experimental conditions, including the amount of template, multiple primers mixing, and buffers for DpnI treatment, used in the one-pot reaction for multiplex gene removal.
DIGITAL ARTHROPLASTY OF THE PROXIMAL INTERPHALANGEAL JOINT

There is a definite value in a surgical arthroplasty for the ankylosed proximal interphalangeal joint. The existing literature does not give an adequate evaluation of the procedure and its results, and the reported series have been small. As an aid in the problem of the stiff and deformed finger, the knowledge gained from thirty cases has been outlined. The longest period of follow-up has been seven years. The disabling factors have been fracture, dislocation, and infection at the proximal interphalangeal joint. Arthroplasty has been found valuable as a method of reconstruction for deformities of the proximal interphalangeal joint in selected cases. No attempt has been made to replace the use and technique of joint arthrodesis in the flexed position of function. Criteria in the selection of cases must include: (1) ankylosis in a position of great deformity; (2) no damage to the tendons which produce motion at the middle joint; and (3) a high degree of motivation in the patient to regain mobility. The most simple technique, consisting in resection of the distal portion of the proximal phalanx, has beeen used. It is not believed necessary to use interposed tissue, metals, or plastic material for the formation of the new joint. Skeletal traction has been maintained for six weeks. An active, closely supervised program of rehabilitation has been found necessary. In the authors' first thirty patients, there has been improvement in 83 per cent. They hope to report better results in the future.
Historical Appendix on Feminism and Names (to Marital Naming/Naming Marriage: Language and Status in Family Law)

Debates about married women's names played an important role in challenges to the status of women in 19th and 20th century feminism. This appendix highlights the significance of naming to broader feminist movements, and the view of women's names as indicative of women's public status. This Appendix accompanies my working paper, Marital Naming/Naming Marriage: Language and Status in Family Law.
Local muscle flaps via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) without thoracotomy for dead space obliteration

The obliteration of intra-thoracic dead space following tumor or empyema extirpation is imperative to successful long-term outcomes. We sought to describe the technique of using a pedicled latissmus dorsi muscle flap for obliteration of a large 14 × 6cm intrathoracic dead space following pleural decortication of chronic empyema, without thoracotomy or rib spreading via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Specific attention is directed to the technical details of the flap harvest and inset in relation to the modifications required to inset the flap without a thoracotomy or rib spreading. The patient’s history, presenting symptoms, pre-operative imaging, intraoperative details, and post-operative course are delineated with a focus on the length of stay, post-operative pain, and morbidity. The length of stay was 2 days with minimal pain on post-operative day one managed with oral nacrotic; long term post-operative X-ray revealed obliterated dead space and the patient experienced no complications. Inset of pedicled latissmus muscle flaps via VATS technique without thoracotomy or rib spreading seems a safe and effective technique that can offer short hospitalization with minimal pain morbidity. Level of Evidence: Level V, therapeutic study
Tres instancias sobre "El Otro Lado". Ensayos sobre una antropología de la fricción

Este articulo esta dividido en tres partes. En cada una de ellas se pretende problematizar el viaje etnografico con el objeto de documentar la experiencia del nomadismo, el roce humano, los encuentros, entre espacios fisicos e interacciones mediadas por la condicion humana que ha sido limitada en el tiempo. Se subraya el hecho de que son las gentes las que definen los espacios. Son ellas las que lo ocupan, las que le dan sentido, las que desentierran constantemente la memoria y la lengua para renovarla, y las que registran su existir, su ser, en un trasfondo de lectura de cronotopos y toponimias. A este respecto, sigo la reflexion de James Clifford cuando nos dice: “Una forma de escritura etnografica, la descriptiva, ha sido considerada a menudo por todo el proceso etnografico. Pero, ya sea escribir subestimando, escribir exagerando o corrigiendo, el trabajo etnografico es intertextual, de colaboracion y retorico. Se puede ser serio, verdadero, factual, completo, escrupuloso, referencial —sin pretender describir algo”.
Evaluation of undersized bioretention stormwater control measures for treatment of highway bridge deck runoff

Two grassed bioretention cells were constructed in the easement of a bridge deck in Knightdale, North Carolina, USA, in October, 2009. One was intentionally undersized (‘small’), while the other was full sized (‘large’) per current North Carolina standards. The large and small cells captured runoff from the 25- and 8-mm events, respectively. Both bioretention cells employed average fill media depths of 0.65 m and internal water storage (IWS) zones of 0.6 m. Flow-proportional, composite water quality samples were collected and analyzed for nitrogen species, phosphorus species, and TSS. During 13 months of data collection, the large cell9s median effluent concentrations and loads were less than those from the small cell. The small cell9s TN and TSS load reductions were 84 and 50%, respectively, of those achieved by the large cell, with both cells significantly reducing TN and TSS. TP loads were not significantly reduced by either cell, likely due to low TP concentrations in the highway runoff which may have approached irreducible levels. Outflow pollutant loads from the large and small cell were not significantly different from one another for any of the examined pollutants. The small cell9s relative performance provides support for retrofitting undersized systems in urbanized areas where there is insufficient space available for conventional full-sized stormwater treatment systems.
The effect of bio-carbon addition on the electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of polyvinyl alcohol/biochar composites

The composites of polyvinyl alcohol and bio-carbon (i.e. biochar) were prepared by a solution casting method to investigate their electrical conductivity and mechanical and thermal properties. The ...
Preliminary Investigation of Three-Dimensional Flame Measurements with a Plenoptic Camera

Light field imaging with a plenoptic camera offers a straightforward method for capturing three-dimensional information about a flow with a single camera. Chemically reacting flows are a subject of great interest in the aerospace industry; however, there is little research regarding the imaging of combustion processes or flames with a plenoptic camera. A preliminary investigation into the viability of three-dimensional flame measurements with a plenoptic camera is conducted. A high-level overview of the key concepts undergirding the plenoptic camera is given. Three-dimensional deconvolution is described as a promising volume reconstruction technique. Some initial results are presented. Preliminary conclusions are shared with a brief discussion of the direction of future work.
Nonlinear vibrations of an elastic disk rotating in a viscous fluid

The von Karman equations are extended to the dynamic case and to manifest the effects of the viscosity of fluid in which the motion takes place. The hydrodynamic aspect of the problem is analyzed and the flow pattern based on the von Karman solution derived. The system of two nonlinear coupled differential equations is solved for weakened boundary conditions using the Galerkin procedure. A numerical example given for the mode of two nodal diameters and no nodal circles shows that: (a) the period of linear vibrations, T, is markedly increased by the presence of the viscous fluid; (b) the ratio T*/T(T* = period of nonlinear vibrations) decreases with an increasing amplitude, increases with an increasing speed of rotation, and increases with conversion to vacuum.
Implicit Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Flows by a Reconstructed Discontinuous Galerkin Method

A reconstructed discontinuous Galerkin method, namely RDG(P1P2), is presented for Implicit Large Eddy Simulation (ILES) of compressible turbulent flows on unstructured hexahedral grids. In this method, a least-squares reconstruction scheme is used to obtain a quadratic polynomial (P2) solution from the underlying linear (P1) discontinuous Galerkin (DG) solution in each cell for evaluating the fluxes, which can significantly improve the accuracy of the underlying second-order DG(P1) method without much extra cost in computing time and storage requirement. The ILES performance by the developed solver is assessed through a series of lid driven cavity problems at high Reynolds numbers, where the turbulent flow features have been adequately resolved. The numerical results indicate that the RDG(P1P2) method is a promising candidate for the implicit large eddy simulation.
Estimating time-dependent connectivity in marine systems

This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 43 (2016): 1193–1201, doi:10.1002/2015GL066888.
Lower intestinal obstruction in the newborn.

Plain abdominal roentgenograms are valuable in making a presumptive diagnosis, but barium enema examination clearly shows the exact location of lower intestinal obstruction in the newborn and allows the physician to differentiate among its various causes. Ileal atresia, meconium ileus (fibrocystic disease), Hirschsprung's disease, and meconium plug syndrome are most commonly seen.
Different Game, Different Frame?: Black Counterdiscourses and Depictions of Immigration in Atlanta's African‐American and Mainstream Press

This article compares the discourse on immigration found in Atlanta's African-American press (Atlanta Daily World) to that found in Atlanta's mainstream press (Atlanta Journal-Constitution). The Da...
Neonatal Brain MR Imaging with Knee Phased-array Coil

Objective To investigate the feasibility and advantages of knee phased-array coil in neonatal brain MR imaging. Methods Conventional brain MR imaging was conducted on sixteen newborns on a 1.5 T MRI scanner. Imaging techniques, including T1-weighted imaging, T2-weighted imaging, T2 FLAIR imaging, and diffusion weighted imaging at the axial orientation, and T1-weighted imaging at the sagittal orientation, were respectively performed using a knee phase-array coil. The image quality was quantitatively evaluated with compared to that obtained from a traditional 8-channel head coil. ResultsesultsThe study was successfully conducted with all images free of artifacts. The signal-to-noise ratio of the images acquired with the knee phased-array coil was better than that with the head coil. Conclusion Conclusion The knee phased-array coil is superior for neonatal brain imaging to the traditional head coil.
Geometric Public Announcement Logics.

In this paper, we give completeness of public announcement logic in geometric models: topological models and subset space logic. Then, we apply our ideas to model stabilization in topological models and backward induction scheme in game theory. The moral of the paper is to pursue the distingushing properties of geometrical models further and observe how they interact with the aforementioned notions.
Organizational Interventions: The Evidence

This chapter reviews the extensive evidence on organizational interventions to reduce restraint and other restrictive behavior management practices. Organizational interventions can be effective at safely reducing restraint and other restrictive behavior management practices on a large scale. Such interventions may involve hundreds of clients and staff over an extensive time period, in some cases lasting several years. The chapter reviews an extensive literature on this topic, which includes narrative literature reviews, empirical case studies, and systematic literature reviews. The literature covers a wide range of populations and settings. There is a large quantity of evidence of varied quality that organizations can be quite successful in reducing and eliminating restraints and maintaining or improving client and staff safety. The evidence is summarized systematically in tables. Case studies from different types of organizations including community organizations for individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID), autism, and in psychiatric institutions are used to illustrate the general principles described in the previous chapter.
MICROBIOLOGY OF RESTAURANT-CAFETERIA PREPARED FOOD DISHES

Food samples were collected directly from serving lines in cafes and cafeterias in the Twin City metropolitan area. The samples were subjected to a battery of tests chosen to evaluate the microbiological quality of the foods. Bacterial and yeast counts and culture results are reported. Salmonellae, shigellae, and Clostridium perfringens were not found. Numbers of microorganisms found varied considerably with the type of food. The ranges found are probably indicative of values which could be expected in restaurant-cafeteria foods. The laboratory procedures used appeared to be satisfactory for a relatively small bacteriology laboratory and provided sufficient information with which to evaluate the microbiological quality of the food. Hopefully, the data will contribute to efforts being made to establish microbiological standards for restaurant-cafeteria foods.
Recellularization via the bile duct supports functional allogenic and xenogenic cell growth on a decellularized rat liver scaffold.

ABSTRACTRecent years have seen a proliferation of methods leading to successful organ decellularization. In this experiment we examine the feasibility of a decellularized liver construct to support growth of functional multilineage cells. Bio-chamber systems were used to perfuse adult rat livers with 0.1% SDS for 24 hours yielding decellularized liver scaffolds. Initially, we recellularized liver scaffolds using a human tumor cell line (HepG2, introduced via the bile duct). Subsequent studies were performed using either human tumor cells co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs, introduced via the portal vein) or rat neonatal cell slurry (introduced via the bile duct). Bio-chambers were used to circulate oxygenated growth medium via the portal vein at 37C for 5-7 days. Human HepG2 cells grew readily on the scaffold (n = 20). HepG2 cells co-cultured with HUVECs demonstrated viable human endothelial lining with concurrent hepatocyte growth (n = 10). In the series of neonatal cell slur...
Cytotoxic and Vasogenic Brain Edema

Cerebral edema, a buildup of fluid in the brain, occurs in many neurological conditions, including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. It is a major, potentially life-threatening, condition. This chapter discusses the mechanisms underlying cytotoxic (parenchymal cell injury) and vasogenic (vascular injury) edema after stroke. It particularly focuses on ion and water movements within the brain under normal and pathological conditions. Therapies for brain edema are limited and have not changed substantially in decades. It is hoped that a greater understanding of underlying mechanisms will lead to new approaches.
DEBATENDO FUTUROS: TENDÊNCIAS GLOBAIS, VISÕES ALTERNATIVAS E DISCURSO PÚBLICO

Resumo Este artigo explora a dificil relacao entre uma sociologia voltada para o futuro e o debate publico no momento em que suposicoes implicitas e operacionalizacoes explicitas sobre o futuro mudam da nocao de determinismo para a de contingencia e conflito. Os problemas nao sao apenas teoricos, mas tambem praticos, visto que as escolhas metodologicas previas moldam a relacao da sociologia com o debate publico e sua capacidade de enfrentar os desafios que surgem nos dias de hoje. Desde seu surgimento, a sociologia esteve voltada para reflexoes coletivas acerca nao apenas das condicoes sociais passadas ou presentes, mas tambem das possibilidades de mudanca. Transformacoes nas constelacoes epistemologicas, institucionais e sociais moldaram a expansao, o desaparecimento e o ressurgimento de orientacoes para o futuro. Distanciando-se da pratica da previsao, a pesquisa sociologica sobre futuros concentra-se na dinâmica da imaginacao e criacao de futuros, tendencias atuais, cenarios provaveis e possiveis e suas implicacoes sociais.
Pharmacokinetic Studies of Serum Levels and Urinary Excretion of Ticarcillin after Intravenous and Intramuscular Administration to Patients with Normal and Abnormal Renal Function

The pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin after intravenous and intramuscular administration were determined. In individuals with CCr >60 ml/min, the T1/2 was 71±6 minutes after intravenous administration. Patients with CCr 30-60 ml/min had a T1/2 of 3.0 ± 0.6 hours. The T1/2 in patients with CCr 10-30 ml/Tin was 8.5± 2.1 hours, and inthose with CC r < 10 ml/min, 14.8 ± 3.7 hours. Combined hepatic and renal failure increased the T1/2 to 27.8 hours. Intramuscular administration of ticarcillin pro-duced adequate urine levels in patients with normal renal function and therapeutic serum levels in those with renal failure. Urinary concentrations of ticarcillin during intravenous therapy were adequate at all levels of renal function. Ticarcillin was well cleared by hemodialysis with a T1/2 of 3.1 ± 0.8 hours; peritoneal dialysis was minimally effective.’ A program for the use of ticarcillin in renal failure is presented.
Immunological Disorders: Regulation of Ca 2+ Signaling in T Lymphocytes

Engagement of T cell receptors (TCRs) with cognate antigens triggers cascades of signaling pathways in helper T cells. TCR signaling is essential for the effector function of helper T cells including proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production. It also modulates effector T cell fate by inducing cell death, anergy (nonresponsiveness), exhaustion, and generation of regulatory T cells. One of the main axes of TCR signaling is the Ca2+-calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling pathway. Stimulation of TCRs triggers depletion of intracellular Ca2+ store and, in turn, activates store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) to raise the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. SOCE in T cells is mediated by the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels, which have been very well characterized in terms of their electrophysiological properties. Identification of STIM1 as a sensor to detect depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ store and Orai1 as the pore subunit of CRAC channels has dramatically advanced our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of Ca2+ signaling in T cells. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of Ca2+ signaling in T cells with specific focus on the mechanism of CRAC channel activation and regulation via protein interactions. In addition, we will discuss the role of CRAC channels in effector T cells, based on the analyses of genetically modified animal models.
The Clinical Ischemic Penumbra

The concept of the ischemic penumbra has proven to be an extremely valuable construct for both experimental studies of ischemic stroke and for the development of tools for the management of patients with this disorder. Indeed, a major driver in the development of treatments for ischemic stroke is the belief that in many acute stroke patients, there is a region of salvageable brain that is threatened with permanent injury. This region of brain corresponds to the ischemic penumbra originally described in experimental stroke studies. The clinical condition does not strictly meet the ­criteria as originally defined by experimentalists. Nonetheless, the concept is clinically valuable, and a suitable modification of its definition applicable to the clinical condition is appropriate.
SPEProxy: Enforcing fine grained security and privacy controls on unmodified mobile devices

Mobile applications have grown from knowing basic personal information to knowing intimate details of consumer's lives. The explosion of knowledge that applications contain and share can be contributed to many factors. Mobile devices are equipped with advanced sensors including GPS and cameras, while storing large amounts of personal information including photos and contacts. With millions of applications available to install, personal data is at constant risk of being misused. While mobile operating systems provide basic security and privacy controls, they are insufficient, leaving the consumer unaware of how applications are using permissions that were granted. In this paper, we propose a solution that aims to provide consumers awareness of applications misusing data and policies that can protect their data. From this investigation we present SPEProxy. SPEProxy utilizes a knowledge based approach to provide consumer's an ability to understand how applications are using permissions beyond their stated intent. Additionally, SPEProxy provides an awareness of fine grained policies that would allow the user to protect their data. SPEProxy is device and mobile operating system agnostic, meaning it does not require a specific device or operating system nor modification to the operating system or applications. This approach allows consumers to utilize the solution without requiring a high degree of technical expertise. We evaluated SPEProxy across 817 of the most popular applications in the iOS App Store and Google Play. In our evaluation, SPEProxy was highly effective across 86.55% applications where several well known applications exhibited misusing granted permissions.
Semen parameters are unaffected by statin use in men evaluated for infertility

The effects of statin use on conventional semen parameters in humans are largely unknown and have not been previously studied in subfertile men. We retrospectively reviewed data from 10,140 patients seen at our fertility clinic between 2002 and 2013 to assess the effects of statin use on semen parameters. Men who used any statins for >3 months before semen sample collection were included as cases. Data were gathered on patient age, medication use and conventional semen parameters. A total of 118 patients (126 samples) used statins for at least 3 months before semen sample collection. Data from 7698 patients (8,760 samples), who were not using any medications, were used as controls. In age-adjusted regression models, statin use was not associated with statistically significant changes in semen parameters. When used in combination with other nonspermatotoxic medications, it was associated with 0.3 ml decrease in semen volume (95% confidence interval: 0.02 to 0.58 ml, p-value = .04). In conclusion, statin use was not adversely associated with semen parameters other than semen volume in subfertile patients. These findings from our large-scale retrospective study suggest that there are no clinically relevant deleterious effects from statin use on conventional semen parameters.
Novel Approaches to Clinical Care in Mental Health: From Asynchronous Telepsychiatry to Virtual Reality

Many new technological innovations are currently in use or under development to ensure the effectiveness of convenient care. This chapter will focus on reviewing some ways to enhance the quality of clinical care in mental health through technology innovations in the device area. We will go over some of the changing technologies that are not only affecting healthcare but also the daily lives of many people around the world. As mobile homes and mobile clinics are targeting patients in the comfort of their homes, many smartphones, tablets, and medical devices are also being targeted at the same group of patients.
The Law of Logarithmic Returns and Its Implications

Our knowledge of the real is inevitably the result of a belief-mediated grasp — or mis-grasp — of facts. Belief affords our only access to the knowledge of nature: our theories are the only feasible pathways to nature’s laws. Kant was right: the “I think” is omnipresent in the cognitive domain — though in scientific contexts it generally comes into operation in the objectifying plural “we think”. And this brings the characteristic mechanisms of mental operation upon the stage.
Aerodynamics: The Boundary Layer and Flow Separation

This chapter discusses some of the complexities of lift and drag of airfoils and other bodies, mainly in qualitative terms. Inertia may be ignored in problems for low Reynolds number ( R ), and viscous effects may be ignored when R is high. Although this approximation is excellent for problems in the laminar regime, it is only partially permissible for high-speed flows. In the latter case, viscosity may be ignored only in calculations for lift and then only when flow separation is negligible (i.e., for a perfectly streamlined body). The boundary layer concept is needed to explain the appreciable viscous drag on bodies operating at high values of Reynolds number. But, even this is not enough to explain drag in some high-speed flows. The additional concepts of flow separation and the role of turbulence in making it possible for energy transport into the boundary layer to postpone separation are needed to complete the picture. More recently, shock waves and other details associated with flows at speeds greater than that of sound in the fluid (supersonic flows) have been introduced. There has also been an interest in the flow characteristics of powdered coal and other solid particles suspended in water as slurry.
Knowledge Creation and ES Implementation: The Absorptive Capacity Lens

In this paper we suggest that ES (Enterprise systems) implementation is an absorptive capacity (AC) challenge. However, we acknowledge that the insights provided by the AC lens are limited in that the construct takes into account only the possession perspective of knowledge and the concept of power is very weakly discussed. We argue that ES implementations, especially if seen from a process perspective, would benefit from a comprehensive discussion on how external knowledge (here related to information technology and how it is practiced in organization) is recognized, assimilated, and applied with respect to the possession and the practice perspectives of knowledge and power. We also argue that materiality, one element of practice theorizing, should be incorporated into AC. Our claims are supported by an illustrative case study of a large-scale ES project where AC developed over time; our theorizing leads us to an interpretation of AC that focuses on social, political and material processes of absorption of (external) knowledge involving ES.
Parallel Performance of a Code Using Multidimensional FFTs

Many computationally intensive physics problems spend the majority of their time in multidimensional Fast Fourier Transforms. A case study for the IBM SP is presented based on an algorithm for sound propagation through a finite inhomogeneous medium. Techniques for improving the serial and parallel efficiency of such codes is described, and the use of software tools to aid the process are illustrated.
The Learnability of Symbolic Automata

Symbolic automata (s-FAs) allow transitions to carry predicates over rich alphabet theories, such as linear arithmetic, and therefore extend classic automata to operate over infinite alphabets, such as the set of rational numbers. In this paper, we study the problem of the learnability of symbolic automata. First, we present \(MAT^*\), a novel \(L^*\)-style algorithm for learning symbolic automata using membership and equivalence queries, which treats the predicates appearing on transitions as their own learnable entities. The main novelty of \(MAT^*\) is that it can take as input an algorithm \(\varLambda \) for learning predicates in the underlying alphabet theory and it uses \(\varLambda \) to infer the predicates appearing on the transitions in the target automaton. Using this idea, \(MAT^*\) is able to learn automata operating over alphabets theories in which predicates are efficiently learnable using membership and equivalence queries. Furthermore, we prove that a necessary condition for efficient learnability of an s-FA is that predicates in the underlying algebra are also efficiently learnable using queries and thus settling the learnability of a large class of s-FA instances. We implement \(MAT^*\) in an open-source library and show that it can efficiently learn automata that cannot be learned using existing algorithms and significantly outperforms existing automata learning algorithms over large alphabets.
Quaternary Amine-Terminated Quantum Dots Induce Structural Changes to Supported Lipid Bilayers

The cytoplasmic membrane represents an essential barrier between the cytoplasm and the environment external to cells. Interaction with nanomaterials can alter the integrity of the cytoplasmic membr...
Single-Point Bistatic Track Initialization Using Doppler in 3D

The first two moments of a converted bistatic range (delay)-direction-cosine-range-rate measurement are derived taking into account the Doppler information and maximum bounds on the target velocity in orthogonal unobservable directions. Cubature integration is used to very efficiently evaluate the necessary multivariate integrals allowing correlations between measurement components to be easily taken into account. Such single-point track initialization is useful in many tracking algorithms, such as some variants of the joint integrated probabilistic data association filter (JIPDAF).
Effects of Acute Stretching Exercise and Training on Heart Rate Variability: A Review.

Stretching (ST), an exercise modality widely used for flexibility improvement, has been recently proposed as an effective adjunct therapy for declines in cardiovascular health, warranting research into the effects of ST exercise on cardiac autonomic function (CAF). Heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) is a reliable measure of CAF, mainly the sympathetic and parasympathetic modulations of HR. A low HRV has been associated to increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. Exercise interventions that enhance HRV are therefore seen as beneficial to cardiovascular health and are sought after. In this review, we discuss the effect of ST both acute and training on HRV. Stretching training seems to be a useful therapeutic intervention to improve CAF in different populations. Although the mechanisms by which ST training improves CAF are not yet well understood; increases in baroreflex sensitivity, relaxation, and nitric oxide bioavailability seem to play an important role.
Concurrent engineering of a next-generation freeform telescope: mechanical design and manufacture

This manuscript is the second of three submissions to describe the concurrent engineering of a 250 mm aperture class three mirror anastigmatic (TMA) visible spectrum imager. The system is an off axis, F/3, 3 degree FOV imager with all freeform mirrors. The major drivers for the mechanical design were low mass, stiffness, robustness, thermal stability, and scalablility. The system is designed using silicon carbide (SiC) for the optics and housing to meet these requirements. The scope of this manuscript is limited to aluminum prototype optics, which are identical to the SiC components. Here, we describe the mechanical design process to light weight the optics while maintaining adequate stiffness. Also described is the pairing of the optic with an optical cell for both the manufacture and system integration using kinematic mounts. The mount design pairs with a matched kinematic mount for off machine figure metrology. This allows for an iterative figure convergence process. A design for manufacture and metrology approach was used to ensure the system elements can be both manufactured and measured by providing feedback to the optical designers.
Teaching a transnational ethic of Black Lives Matter: an AfroCubana Americana’s theory of Calle

The material conditions of populations in the Global South are interconnected with the material conditions of Black working-class urban communities in the U.S. Through this multi-scalar constructio...
Development of mPing-based Activation Tags for Crop Insertional Mutagenesis

Modern plant breeding increasingly relies on genomic information to guide crop improvement. Although some genes are characterized, additional tools are needed to effectively identify and characterize genes associated with crop traits. To address this need, the mPing element from rice was modified to serve as an activation tag to induce expression of nearby genes. Embedding promoter sequences in mPing resulted in a decrease in overall transposition rate; however, this effect was negated by using a hyperactive version of mPing called mmPing20. Transgenic soybean events carrying mPing-based activation tags and the appropriate transposase expression cassettes showed evidence of transposition. Expression analysis of a line that contained a heritable insertion of the mmPing20F activation tag indicated that the activation tag induced overexpression of the nearby soybean genes. This represents a significant advance in gene discovery technology as activation tags have the potential to induce more phenotypes than the original mPing element, improving the overall effectiveness of the mutagenesis system.
How Might Artificial Intelligence Applications Impact Risk Management

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications have attracted considerable ethical attention for good reasons. Although AI models might advance human welfare in unprecedented ways, progress will not occur without substantial risks. This article considers 3 such risks: system malfunctions, privacy protections, and consent to data repurposing. To meet these challenges, traditional risk managers will likely need to collaborate intensively with computer scientists, bioinformaticists, information technologists, and data privacy and security experts. This essay will speculate on the degree to which these AI risks might be embraced or dismissed by risk management. In any event, it seems that integration of AI models into health care operations will almost certainly introduce, if not new forms of risk, then a dramatically heightened magnitude of risk that will have to be managed.
Understanding Law Enforcement and Common Peoples' Perspectives on Designing Explainable Crime Mapping Algorithms

In recent years, with growing concerns of making predictive policing less-biased and less-risky, the HCI and CSCW research communities have focused on designing more explainable and accountable algorithms in the criminal justice system. In this extended abstract, we present a preliminary, qualitative analysis of the perceptions of people with different backgrounds (n=60) from Milwaukee, USA on algorithmic crime mapping. Our initial results suggest the need for algorithmic interaction and the database transparency of the system. Taken these suggestions together will inspire to design an explainable crime mapping algorithms that pay attention to the values and needs of law enforcement and common peoples.
Reproducing Asian American Studies: Rethinking Asian Exclusion as Reproductive Exclusion

Reproductive exclusion refers both to the policing of borders based on acceptable forms of reproduction, and the policing of reproduction of those already within these borders. Building on the cont...
PROCEDURE AS POLITICS IN THE CAPE COLONY: THE CAREER OF ANDREW GONTSHI, 1880–1904

In 1881, Andrew Gontshi became the first black law agent in the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope and thus South Africa's first black lawyer. Records of court cases argued by Gontshi and his fellow black law agents provide a rich new archive for understanding the political sensibilities of the nineteenth-century Eastern Cape, where Gontshi practiced law and participated in the development of new forms of political organization, as well as the meaning of law to black intellectuals. In both law and politics, Andrew Gontshi employed procedural tactics to hold the state accountable to its own formalities. In Gontshi's world, law provided not a source of justice but a set of tools that could be used to advance a political agenda. Gontshi's story thus prompts a reconsideration of law's place in the intellectual tradition of South Africa's liberation struggle.