cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A modular algorithm for resource allocation

This paper concerns resource allocation in distributed message passing systems, i.e., the scheduling of accesses to exclusive system resources shared among concurrent processes. An efficient modular resource allocation algorithm is presented that uses any arbitrary resource allocation algorithm as a subroutine. It improves the performance of the subroutine by letting each process wait only for its currently conflicting processes, and therefore, allows more concurrency. For appropriate choices of the subroutine, we obtain resource allocation algorithms with the minimum worst case response times. Simulation studies were conducted which also indicate that on average, the obtained algorithms perform faster and require a smaller number of messages than other previously known algorithms, especially when resource contention among processes is high and the average time that a process remains in the critical region is large.
The HEDIAI Issue

The HEDIAI Issue (Homeowners, Earthquakes, Damage, Intensity, Acceleration, and Insurance), or should I say the Headii Issue, has been on my mind a lot recently. The issue is a cross-disciplinary one and involves homeowner, geologist, seismologist, engineer, insurance provider, lawyer, judge, and jury. What I want to address here is the need for more cross-disciplinary research and understanding between seismologist, geologist, and engineer for what I consider an extremely gray area between small to moderate earthquakes in Mid-America and the potential for damage to conventional homes. Why is this gray area an issue? There is approximately $250 billion of homeowner earthquake-insured liability in the seven states of Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee. This amount could grow to $2 trillion if every homeowner had earthquake insurance. The opportunity for homeowners to file earthquake damage claims against insurance providers arises when they feel an earthquake and notice damage or when they notice damage and are aware an earthquake has occurred. There is approximately $250 billion of homeowner earthquake-insured liability in the seven states of Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee. I believe the average homeowner, including myself, doesn't notice routine damage to his home immediately after the damage has occurred and may never notice the damage unless something brings it to his attention. Such damage can be cracks in a window, concrete floors and walls, or masonry and plaster walls. This damage is usually the result of typical aging effects, settlement, or soil movement. An earthquake brings the homeowner's attention to the damage for the first time, and he believes the earthquake caused the damage. The homeowner then becomes apprehensive about the home's structural and architectural stability. Since the homeowner has earthquake insurance, a claim is filed. Have you ever gone to a book and tried to …
Convergence rate estimates for the gradient differential inclusion

Let f: H→ℝ∪{∞} be a proper, lower semi-continuous, convex function in a Hilbert space H. The gradient differential inclusion is x′(t)∈−∂ f(x(t)), x(0)=x, where and where ∂ f(x(t)) is the subdifferential of f at the point x(t). If f is Gâteaux differentiable, the inclusion is the differential equation x′(t)=−f′(x(t)), which is the continuous version of the steepest descent method for minimizing f on H. Even if f is not differentiable, the inclusion has a unique solution {x(t): t>0} which converges weakly to a minimizer of f if such a minimizer exists. In general, the inclusion can be interpreted as the the continuous version of the proximal point method for minimization f on H. There is a remarkable similarity between the behavior of the inclusion and its discrete counterparts as well in the methods used in both cases. As a simple consequence of our previous results on the proximal point method, we prove the convergence rate estimate f(x(t))−f(u)≤(1/2t)||u−x||2−(1/2t)||u−x(t)||2−(t/2)||∂ f 0(x(t))||2, wher...
A water membrane hypothesis: Behavior of hydrated polycation-polyanion salt complexed membranes as apparent lipoidal barriers to solute transport

Abstract Polyanion-polycation salt complex membranes were prepared by casting from a ternary solvent mixture. The permeability coefficients of the membranes were determined for several solutes whose diffusive permeability of biological barriers had previously been reported to correlate with their lipid/aqueous phase distribution coefficients. The observed permeabilities of the polysalt membranes were found to correlate well with the biological permeabilities and the distribution coefficients of the solutes. The observed permeability behavior of the membranes is attributed to the properties of the water structured within their polymeric matrix. The lipoid barrier properties of biomembranes is similarly postulated as attributable to their content of structured water. An alternative to the classical lipid-membrane theory is presented.
Recurrent aphthous ulcers in association with HIV infection. Diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract Recurrent aphthous ulcers in patients with HIV infection can cause significant morbidity, which makes successful diagnosis and treatment imperative. We have found that the diagnostic paradigm for recurrent aphthous ulcers in HIV-seronegative patients, which is based on the uclers' clinical appearance, location, absence of other ulcer-causing pathogens or pathogenic processes, and response to therapy, may be successfully applied to recurrent aphthous ulcers in HIV-infected patients. However, one must be alert for ulcers with uncommon causes as well as ulcers with common causes that have atypical clinical appearances that may mimic recurrent aphthous ulcers. The topical glucocorticoids, which are used to treat recurrent aphthous ulcers in HIV-seronegative patients, proved very effective in HIV-infected patients for treatment of herpetiform and minor ulcers and most major ulcers and were without notable side effects. A few severe cases of major recurrent aphthous ulcers required treatment with systemic prednisone, and some side effects were encountered.
Stress-Strain and Recovery Properties of Cross-Linked Rayon Yarns in the Wet and Dry States:

Continuous-filament rayon yarns were subjected to an acid-catalyzed cross-linking treatment using dihydroxydi methylol ethyleneurea under pad-dry-cure conditions to two levels of add-on. The stress...
Survival of probiotic adjunct cultures in cheese and challenges in their enumeration using selective media.

Various selective media for enumerating probiotic and cheese cultures were screened, with 6 media then used to study survival of probiotic bacteria in full-fat and low-fat Cheddar cheese. Commercial strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei, or Bifidobacterium lactis were added as probiotic adjuncts. The selective media, designed to promote growth of certain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) over others or to differentiate between LAB, were used to detect individual LAB types during cheese storage. Commercial strains of Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium spp. were initially screened on the 6 selective media along with nonstarter LAB (NSLAB) isolates. The microbial flora of the cheeses was analyzed during 9 mo of storage at 6°C. Many NSLAB were able to grow on media presumed selective for Lactococcus, Bifidobacterium spp., or Lb. acidophilus, which became apparent after 90 d of cheese storage, Between 90 and 120 d of storage, bacterial counts changed on media selective for Bifidobacterium spp., suggesting growth of NSLAB. Appearance of NSLAB on Lb. casei selective media [de man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) + vancomycin] occurred sooner (30 d) in low-fat cheese than in full-fat control cheeses. Differentiation between NSLAB and Lactococcus was achieved by counting after 18 to 24 h when the NSLAB colonies were only pinpoint in size. Growth of NSLAB on the various selective media during aging means that probiotic adjunct cultures added during cheesemaking can only be enumerated with confidence on selective media for up to 3 or 4 mo. After this time, growth of NSLAB obfuscates enumeration of probiotic adjuncts. When adjunct Lb. casei or Lb. paracasei cultures are added during cheesemaking, they appear to remain at high numbers for a long time (9 mo) when counted on MRS + vancomycin medium, but a reasonable probability exists that they have been overtaken by NSLAB, which also grow readily on this medium. Enumeration using multiple selective media can provide insight into whether it is the actual adjunct culture or a NSLAB strain that is being enumerated.
A combinatorial approach to convex quadratic programming

Abstract A convex quadratic program has Kuhn-Tucker conditions which are necessary and sufficient, and suggest a dual problem. These conditions may be formulated in a convenient schematic notation which leads to a finite class of equivalent problems displaying Cottle's duality. An inductive argument shows how the original problem may be reduced in a finite number of steps to an equivalent problem which is trivial. The fundamental duality theorem for convex quadratic programs follows directly.
ELECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS USING ANGULAR POLARIZATION MODULATED ATIR SPECTROMETRY AND FLUOROMETRY

The absence of suitable in situ methods for obtaining electrical (charge-potential) and chemical information at electrode/electrolyte interfaces has represented a serious experimental incapacity in a broad range of fundamental and applied areas. This paper addresses the use of attenuated total internal reflection spectrometry and total internal fluorometry in conjunction with system modulation, both electrical cell control and spatially selective optical polarization, to probe this experimentally difficult region. Although applications of these techniques to electrolyte/solid electrode interfaces under equilibrium conditions will be described, emphasis will be given to interfacial characteization under current densities that significantly depart from equilibrium. The experimental configurations and difficulties in such measurements will also be addressed.
Mating competitiveness of Anopheles arabiensis males as a function of transgenic state and genetic similarity to females.

We conducted mating competitions between wild-type and heterozygous transgenic Anopheles arabiensis males that were produced by repeated backcrosses of a transposable element expressing the β2-tubulin eGFP marker into two genetic backgrounds. These competed for genetically similar or dissimilar females in ratios of 1:1:3. We analyzed the effect of genetic similarity, transgenic state and stock on mating frequency. We observed no differences in the competitiveness of the wild and transgenic heterozygotes, no effect of genetic relatedness, nor a clear benefit of the out-crossing strategy to increase competitiveness. A decrease in the development rate of all phenotypic classes was observed among progeny of transgenic males but the rate of adult emergence of transgenic individuals was in most cases slightly faster than wild-type siblings.
Landscape‐scale modeling of reference period forest conditions and fire behavior on heavily logged lands

Forest conditions prior to extensive land clearing are often used as a point-of-reference by ecologists and resource managers for characterizing the historical range of variability in forest conditions shaped by intact disturbance regimes. Quantitative data on forest reference conditions can be developed from forest surveys and reconstructions using dendroecology; however, these methods lack the spatial resolution needed for landscape management. In this paper, we combine predictive vegetation mapping methods with reference forest conditions inferred from early forest surveys, dendroecology, and fire simulation models to develop landscape-scale reference conditions for forest structure, forest fuels, fire frequency, and fire behavior using the Lake Tahoe Basin, California as an example. The dendroecological reconstruction method used for the Lake Tahoe Basin forests was not sensitive to variation in decomposition rates suggesting that our method provided robust estimates of reference period forest charact...
Toward a Semiotics of Middle Eastern Cultures

There exists a growing body of literature which either explicitly or implicitly utilizes semiotic theory to discuss various sign systems in the Middle East. I believe that by exploring these works and linking them to similar studies, we can acquire a fresh perspective on the symbolic life of the people of the Middle East. I do not argue that semiotics can or should replace other paradigmatic approaches to out analysis of culture, but rather that semiotics can serve as a complementary method for interpreting sign systems.
The Health Self-Determinism Index

This study is a psychometric evaluation of a new measure of motivation in health behavior. The Health Self-Determinism Index was completed by 202 randomly selected adults via a mail survey. The multidimensionality of the construct was supported through the factorial isolation of four subscales: self-determined health judgments, self-determined health behavior, perceived competency in health matters, and internal-external cue responsiveness. These four factors accounted for 56% of the total explained variance in the measure. The alpha reliability coefficient for the total scale is .84; the internal consistency of the four subscales is supported by alpha reliability coefficients of .75, .75, .67, and .69, respectively. With refinement, this measure will enable exploration of client antecedents and correlates of motivation in health behavior. Further, specific nursing interventions can be examined for their ability to alter clients' motivation in relation to specific health behaviors. Finally, the role of motivation in predicting health outcomes can be explored.
Thermoelectric Generation Using Diesel Engine Exhaust Waste Heat

In the transportation industry, the need to improve powertrain efficiency and provide additional power to the many amenities has encouraged research on engine waste heat recovery. Approximately one-third of the gasoline or diesel fuel energy passes through the engine’s exhaust system as heat. With ongoing developments in thermoelectric materials and module design, thermoelectric power generation has a potential use in engine heat recovery. In this study, the capability of generating usable power by thermoelectric generation from the exhaust heat of a three-cylinder, 697 cubic centimeter diesel engine was investigated. From experimental testing, the maximum power output and maximum current for a single module and four modules connected in series was 0.49W with 0.437A, and 2.81W with 0.60A, respectively. To harvest larger power magnitude from the waste heat, the modules will be configured in a co-axial manner along the pipe. Other possible applications include stationary power generation systems in which added weight does not effect overall performance.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Selective approach to descending thoracic aortic aneurysm repair: A ten-year experience

Background. A variety of surgical techniques has been developed to attempt to minimize the risk of paraplegia after descending thoracic aortic aneurysm repair. This study reviews our institutional experience with several basic techniques over a period of 10 years. Methods. Seventy-eight consecutive patients underwent repair of descending thoracic aortic aneurysm between 1983 and 1993. Two basic repair strategies were used: (1) distal perfusion with somatosensory evoked potential monitoring (n = 54) and (2) cross-clamping (n = 24), alone (n = 6) or with controlled distal exsanguination (n = 18). Results. The operative mortality rate was 6.5% for elective repair (n = 62), 25.0% for emergent repair (n = 16), and 10.3% overall. Univariate predictors of increased operative risk were emergent operation, rupture, and shock. Neither death nor paraplegia was related to the operative technique used. The incidence of paraplegia was 3.7% in perfused patients and 4.2% in crossclamping patients ( p > 0.05). Paraplegia did not occur after any elective operation (zero of 62) but occurred in 18.6% of emergent cases ( p Conclusions. The risks associated with elective descending thoracic aortic aneurysm repair were extremely low using an operative strategy that was flexible but skewed toward perfusion with somatosensory evoked potential monitoring. In perfused patients, paraplegia did not occur when distal pressure was greater than 55 mm Hg and somatosensory evoked potentials remained intact. However, the risks of death and paraplegia were primarily related to emergent presentation, not to technique, and the technique of cross clamping with controlled distal exsanguination was found to be valuable in unstable or in anatomically complicated subsets of patients.
Is Mary Douglas's grid/group analysis useful for cross-cultural research ?

During the 1970s, anthropologist Mary Douglas developed a twodimensional framework for cultural comparisons: (a) grid or constraint by rules, and (b) group or incorporation into a bounded social unit. According to Douglas and her colleagues, the four grid/ group types constitute stable social configurations that are associated with distinctive values or ideologies: individualism, fatalism, hierarchy, and egalitarianism. The theory has inspired a great deal of elaboration, numerous intrasocietal studies, some controlled comparisons between social units in different societies, and some limited cross-national studies. Although plausible, the framework has not been subjected to extensive cross-cultural testing. This article addresses a preliminary question in the more rigorous crosscultural testing of the framework: Are grid, group, and ideology empirically separate dimensions as Douglas contends? A pilot study employing factor analysis of precoded variables from the 60-culture Human Relations Area Files (HRA...
Bounds for the ramsey number of a disconnected graph versus any graph

Bounds are determined for the Ramsey number of the union of graphs versus a fixed graph H, based on the Ramsey number of the components versus H. For certain unions of graphs, the exact Ramsey number is determined. From these formulas, some new Ramsey numbers are indicated. In particular, if . Where ki is the number of components of order i and t1 (H) is the minimum order of a color class over all critical colorings of the vertices of H, then .
A Piagetian-based analysis of insight and the interpretive process.

A Piagetian-based analysis of psychotherapeutic processes provides a structure within which insight and interpretation are seen to operate as potent sources of psychotherapeutic gain. This analysis is contrasted with the position of Hobbs, in which insight is viewed as essentially an epiphenomenon of little intrinsic value for effective psychotherapy.
Second harmonic generation by atomic fluids

Abstract We consider the role of many-body distortion effects in determining the nonlinear polarization of atomic fluids, and compare our quantum mechanical cluster theory with the alternative molecular field description.
Application of posterior pelvic tilt taping for the treatment of chronic low back pain with sacroiliac joint dysfunction and increased sacral horizontal angle

Abstract Objective Kinesio Taping (KT) is a therapeutic method used by physical therapists and athletic trainers in combination with other treatment techniques for various musculoskeletal and neuromuscular problems. However, no research has evaluated the effect of KT in patients with low back pain (LBP). The purpose of this case was to describe the application of posterior pelvic tilt taping (PPTT) with Kinesio tape as a treatment for chronic LBP and to reduce the anterior pelvic tilt angle. Design Case report. Case description The patien was a 20-year-old female amateur swimmer with a Cobb's angle (L1–S1) of 68°, a sacral horizontal angle of 45°, and pain in both medial buttock areas and sacroiliac joints. We performed PPTT with Kinesio tape for 2 weeks (six times per week for an average of 9h each time). Results The patient's radiographs showed that the Cobb's angle (L1–S1) had decreased from 68° to 47° and that the sacral horizontal angle had decreased from 45° to 31°. Reductions in hypomobility or motion asymmetry, as assessed by the motion palpation test, and in pain, as measured by the pain-provocation tests, were observed. On palpation for both medial buttock areas in the prone position, the patient felt no pain. The patient experienced no pain or stiffness in the low back area while performing forward flexion in the standing position with knees fully extended when washing dishes in the sink. Conclusions The case study demonstrated that PPTT intervention favourably affected the pelvic inclination and sacral horizontal angle, leading to beneficial effects on sacroiliac joint dysfunction (SIJD) and medial buttock pain. Additional research on the clinical effects of this taping procedure requires greater numbers of athletes with SIJD or LBP who have inappropriate anterior pelvic tilt angles and hyperlordosis.
Correlation of circulating natural killer cell count with prognosis in large cell lymphoma

A monoclonal antibody recognizing a natural killer (NK) cell-associated antigen was used to sequentially quantify numbers of peripheral blood NK cells in a small group of patients with large cell lymphoma. Patients with active disease had low numbers (<100/mm3) of NK cells. Patients in complete remission after therapy had normal numbers of NK cells, but those patients who relapsed had a fall of NK cell number to <100/mm3 preceding or concurrent with clinical relapse. A role for NK cells in the surveillance and control of abnormal lymphoproliferation is suggested, as is the possible prognostic utility of sequential peripheral blood NK cell quantification in patients with large cell lymphoma. Cancer 57:2309–2312, 1986.
Transplantation of endothelial cells corrects the phenotype in hemophilia A mice.

Summary. Background: The deficiency of factor VIII, a co-factor in the intrinsic coagulation pathway results in hemophilia A. Although FVIII is synthesized largely in the liver, the specific liver cell type(s) responsible for FVIII production is controversial. Objective: This study aimed to determine the cellular origin of FVIII synthesis and release in mouse models. Methods: We transplanted cells into the peritoneal cavity of hemophilia A knockout mice. Plasma FVIII activity was measured using a Chromogenix assay 2–7 days after cell transplantation, and phenotypic correction was determined with tail-clip challenge 7 days following cell transplantation. Transplanted cells were identified by histologic and molecular assays. Results: Untreated hemophilia A mice, as well as mice treated with the hepatocyte-enriched fraction, showed extensive mortality following tail-clip challenge. In contrast, recipients of unfractionated liver cells (mixture of hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC), Kupffer cells, and hepatic stellate cells) or of the cell fraction enriched in LSECs survived tail-clip challenge (P < 0.001). FVIII was secreted in the blood stream in recipients of unfractionated liver cells, LSECs and pancreatic islet-derived MILE SVEN 1 (MS1) endothelial cells. Although transplanted hepatocytes maintained functional integrity in the peritoneal cavity, these cells did not produce detectable plasma FVIII activity. Conclusions: The assay of cell transplantation in the peritoneal cavity showed that endothelial cells but not hepatocytes produced phenotypic correction in hemophilia A mice. Therefore, endothelial cells should be suitable additional targets for cell and gene therapy in hemophilia A.
Development and application of a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry method for the analysis of l-β-methylamino-alanine in human tissue

L-Beta-methylamino-alanine (BMAA) has been proposed as a worldwide contributor to neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson dementia complex (PDC) of Guam and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent conflicting reports of the presence of this amino acid in human brain from patients affected by these diseases have made it necessary to develop methods that provide unambiguous detection in complex samples. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight-mass-spectrometry analysis (GCxGC-TOFMS) followed by a targeted Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) deconvolution method has been used recently in metabolomic investigations to separate, identify, and quantify components of complex biological specimens. We have extended and applied this methodology to the toxicological problem of detecting BMAA in extracts of brain tissue. Our results show that BMAA can be isolated from closely eluting compounds and detected in trace amounts in extracts of brain tissue spiked with low levels of this analyte, ranging from 2.5ppb to 50ppb, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7ppb. This new method was sufficiently sensitive to detect BMAA in cerebral extracts of mice fed BMAA. This optimized approach was then applied to analyze tissue from humans; however, no BMAA was detected in the brain extracts from controls or patients with PDC or AD. Our results demonstrate the application of multidimensional chromatography-mass spectrometry methods and computational deconvolution analysis to the problem of detecting trace amounts of a potential toxin in brain extracts from mice and humans.
The asymptotic distribution for the two-absorbing-barrier beta model

For the two-absorbing-barrier specialization of Luce's beta learning model, the asymptotic distribution of the response probability has all its density atp = 0 andp = 1. The functional equation for the amount of the density atp = 1 is investigated in this paper.
ALHAT System Architecture and Operational Concept

An autonomous lunar landing system applicable to a wide variety of crewed and robotic lunar descent vehicles is under development as part of the ALHAT (autonomous precision landing and hazard detection and avoidance technology) project. This system, referred to as the ALHAT system module (ASM) is a highly advanced integrated sensor suite that enables landing a lunar descent vehicle within tens of meters of a certified and designated landing location anywhere on the Moon, under any lighting condition. This paper describes the basic ASM architecture and its novel concept of operations, and matures this architecture through description of top level lunar landing requirements. Working closely with NASA primary stakeholders, a fully developed ASM design will enable global lunar access for exploration of unique and challenging areas on the lunar surface never before visited.
Fasting hyperbilirubinemia in horses.

Bilirubin metabolism was studied in fed and fasted horses to obtain information on the factors involved in fasting hyperbilirubinemia. Plasma free bilirubin increased an average of six fold during an 80 to 90-hour fast; clearance of exogenous bilirubin decreased to one-half.14C-Labeled bilirubin tracer studies, analyzed on a two-pool basis, indicated changes in fractional transfer of bilirubin such that hepatic uptake efficiency was decreased. No significant increase in bilirubin production was indicated.
The Bookkeepers' Beneficial Association of Philadelphia: an early signal in the United States for a professional organisa ton

The Bookkeepers' Beneficial Association of Philadelphia (BBAP), the first bookkeeping organisation in the United States, was established in 1874. In its early years this organisation was the envy o...
Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth Disease Type 2

No unique genes have yet been found for CMT2, but both Cx32 and P0 appear to contribute to the phenotype. Not surprisingly, CMT2 is likely to display much more genetic heterogeneity than CMT1. However, it is also likely continue to challenge previous concepts on classification and relationship of traditional inherited phenotypes in neurology. Future work on CMT2 should produce insight not only into the cellular interactions of the peripheral nerve especially Schwann cell and axon relationships, but also into idiopathic neuropathy.
Transcriptional Pausing at +62 of the HIV-1 Nascent RNA Modulates Formation of the TAR RNA Structure

A strong transcriptional pause delays human RNA polymerase II three nt after the last potentially paired base in HIV-1 TAR, the RNA structure that binds the transactivator protein Tat. We report here that the HIV-1 pause depends in part on an alternative RNA structure (the HIV-1 pause hairpin) that competes with formation of TAR. By probing the nascent RNA structure in halted transcription complexes, we found that the transcript folds as the pause hairpin before and at the pause, and rearranges to TAR concurrent with or just after escape from the pause. The pause signal triggers a 2 nt reverse translocation by RNA polymerase that may block the active site and be counteracted by formation of TAR. Thus, the HIV-1 pause site modulates nascent RNA rearrangement from a structure that favors pausing to one that both recruits Tat and promotes escape from the pause.
Guilty as charged: non-innocent behavior by a pincer ligand featuring a central cationic phosphenium donor

The synthesis of a new pincer ligand containing a central cationic N-heterocyclic phosphenium donor is described. The electrophilic nature of this cationic ligand renders it non-innocent, and coordination of this ligand to a PtCl2 fragment leads to chloride migration from Pt to the cationic phosphorus center.
Iron carbonyl sulfides, formaldehyde, and amines condense to give the proposed azadithiolate cofactor of the Fe-only hydrogenases.

The azadithiolate (SCH2NHCH2S) cofactor proposed to occur in the Fe-only hydrogenases forms efficiently by the condensation of Fe2(SH)2(CO)6 (1), formaldehyde, and ammonia (as (NH4)2CO3). The resulting Fe2[(SCH2)2NH](CO)6 reacts with Et4NCN to give (Et4N)2[Fe2[(SCH2)2NH](CO)4(CN)2], for which crystallographic characterization confirmed an axial N−H and an elongated C−S bond of 1.858(3) A. Primary amines RNH2 (R = Ph, t-Bu) also participate in the condensation reaction, and Fe3S2(CO)9 can be employed in place of 1. Mechanistically, the Fe2[(SCH2)2NH] moiety is shown to arise via two pathways: (i) via the intermediacy of Fe2[(SCH2OH)2](CO)6, which was detected and shown to react with amines, and (ii) via the reaction of 1 with cyclic imines (CH2)3(NR)3 (R = Ph, Me). The reaction of 1 with (CH2)6N4 (hexamethylenetetramine) gives Fe2[(SCH2)2NH](CO)6. Trace amounts of Fe2[(SCH2)2N-t-Bu](CO)6 arise via the reaction of aqueous FeSO4, formaldehyde, NaSH, and t-BuNH2 under an atmosphere of CO.
Plasmon induced light harvesting

Plasmon energies can be tuned across the spectrum by simply changing the geometrical shape of a nanostructure. Plasmons can efficiently capture incident light and focus it to nanometer sized hotspots which can enhance electronic and vibrational excitations in nearby structures [1]. Another important but still relatively unexplored property of plasmons, is that they can be efficient sources of hot energetic electrons which can transfer into nearby structures and induce a variety of processes. This process is a quantum mechanical effect: the decay of plasmon quanta into electron-hole pairs. I will discuss how plasmon induced hot electrons can be used in various applications: such as to induce chemical reactions in molecules physisorbed on a nanoparticle surface [2-3]; to inject electrons directly into the conduction band of a nearby substrate [4,5]; and to induce local doping of a nearby graphene sheet [6]. Finally I will discuss a recent discovery that conducting nanoparticle dispersed in a liquid are able to convert sunlight directly into steam without significant heating of the liquid [7].
Testing an Integrative Model of Respect: Implications for Social Engagement and Well-Being:

Prior research demonstrates that feelings of respect affect important aspects of group functioning and members’ psychological well-being. One limitation is that respect has been variously defined as reflecting individuals’ status in the group, degree to which they are liked by the group, and how fairly they are treated in interactions with group members. These different conceptions are integrated in the dual pathway model of respect. The authors tested the model’s prediction that fair treatment from group members shapes attitudes toward the group and self via two distinct pathways: status and inclusion. Findings from a field study supported the model and yielded new insights: Whereas perceptions of status predicted social engagement, liking was more important in predicting well-being (especially among dominant subgroups). Discussion focuses on the utility of the dual pathway model for understanding how respect perceptions are formed and how they affect the welfare of groups and individuals.
Introduction to Crowdsourcing Content Production and Online Knowledge Repositories Minitrack

As various forms of collaboration are enabled (and constrained) by the affordances available in social media, researchers are investigating a range of issues including: 1) the diverse ways in which people collaborate to create, manage, curate and manipulate online content and how these activities affect digital repositories, 2) how those who manage these repositories are responding to the co-creation of online content 3) the dynamics of crowd sourced online collaborations and online communities of practice, and 4) the ways in which we can best describe the socio-technical interaction networks that facilitate and inhibit mass knowledge production. This minitrack focuses on online interactions for knowledge production on crowd sourced sites.
Formal verification of pipeline control using controlled token nets and abstract interpretation

We present an automated formal verification method that can detect common pipeline control bugs of logic design components containing thousands of registers. The method models logic designs using controlled token nets. A controlled token net consists of: a token net that models the data flow in the datapath using token semantics; a control logic that models the control machines using traditional finite state semantics. We provide algorithms to: (1) extract a controlled token net from a logic design; (2) minimize the controlled token net; and (3) compute an abstract interpretation of the controlled token net for efficient model checking. We implemented and applied the method to 6 Intel logic design components containing up to 4500 registers and successfully detected 8 pre-silicon errata.
Gender and age predict outcomes of cognitive, balance and vision testing in a multidisciplinary concussion center

OBJECTIVE: This study examined components of the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool, 3rd Edition (SCAT3) and a vision-based test of rapid number naming (King-Devick [K-D]) to evaluate sports and non-sports concussion patients in an outpatient, multidisciplinary concussion center. While the Symptom Evaluation, Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC), modified Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), and K-D are used typically for sideline assessment, their use in an outpatient clinical setting following concussion has not been widely investigated. METHODS: K-D, BESS, SAC, and SCAT3 Symptom Evaluation scores were analyzed for 206 patients who received concussion care at the Concussion Center at NYU Langone Medical Center. Patient age, gender, referral data, mechanism of injury, time between concussive event and first concussion center appointment, and the first specialty service to evaluate each patient were also analyzed. RESULTS: In this cohort, Symptom Evaluation scores showed a higher severity and a greater number of symptoms to be associated with older age (r=0.31, P=0.002), female gender (P=0.002, t-test), and longer time between the concussion event and first appointment at the concussion center (r=0.34, P=0.008). Performance measures of K-D and BESS also showed associations of worse scores with increasing patient age (r=0.32-0.54, P≤0.001), but were similar among males and females and across the spectrum of duration since the concussion event. Patients with greater Symptom Severity Scores also had the greatest numbers of referrals to specialty services in the concussion center (r=0.33, P=0.0008). Worse Immediate Memory scores on SAC testing correlated with slower K-D times, potentially implicating the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as a commonly involved brain structure. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a novel use of sideline concussion assessment tools for evaluation in the outpatient setting, and implicates age and gender as predictors of outcomes for these tests. Language: en
Femtosecond passively mode-locked Ti:Al(2)O(3) laser with a nonlinear external cavity.

Ultrashort pulses are generated in a Ti:Al2O3 laser by using a coupled nonlinear external cavity. The external cavity uses self-phase modulation in an optical fiber to achieve passive mode locking without the need for synchronous pumping or acousto-optic modulation. A stable train of chirped 1.4-psec pulses is generated. After dispersive compensation, pulses as short as 200 fsec are obtained.
Characterization of insulin receptor substrate 3 in rat liver derived cells.

In rat liver derived HTC cells transfected with and expressing human insulin receptors, there are multiple p60-70 proteins that are tyrosine phosphorylated following insulin treatment of cells. Employing antibodies to insulin receptor substrate 3 (alpha-IRS-3), we found that IRS-3 is a major p60 phosphoprotein that is tyrosine phosphorylated following insulin treatment of cells and interacts with phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K). Majority of IRS-3 when phosphorylated appears to interact with PI3K. Tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-3 is robust at 2 min and steadily increases up to 30-90 min of insulin treatment. Following insulin treatment of cells, some high molecular weight phosphoproteins are coimmunoprecipitated with alpha-IRS-3. In summary, IRS-3 is the major p60 protein that is tyrosine phosphorylated and interacts with PI3K in HTC rat liver derived cells following insulin treatment of cells. Unlike related IRS-1/2 that is transiently phosphorylated, IRS-3 shows robust and prolonged tyrosine phosphorylation upon insulin treatment of cells and may play a role in delayed and/or prolonged insulin actions.
Solid state NMR free induction decay in the presence of vacancy diffusion

Abstract A theoretical calculation of the NMR free induction decay (FID) of spins in a periodic lattice is given where the spin-spin interaction is dipolar and where account is taken of vacancy motion. The expansion of the FID to any order is exact which allows for the inclusion of effects arising from nearest neighbor and next nearest neighbor (τ NN and τ NNN ) hopping times. It is shown that expansion of the FID to terms of order t 4 allows for the separate determination of τ NN and τ NNN .
The strategic imperative and sustainable competitive advantage: Public policy implications of resource-advantage theory

Strategy theorists share (1) the view that the strategic imperative of a firm should be sustained, superior financial performance and (2) the belief that this goal can be achieved through a sustainable competitive advantage in the marketplace. Neoclassical perfect competition and traditional industrial organization economics, however, imply that the sustained performance goal advocated by strategy theorists is anticompetitive and its achievement presumptively detrimental to social welfare. This article addresses the strategy-is-anticompetitive thesis with the goal of grounding strategy in a theory of competition— resource-advantage theory—that does not imply that the strategic imperative and its achievement are presumptively anticompetitive and antisocial. As such, this article initiates a discussion of the public policy implications of resource-advantage theory.
Accumulation factors for eleven polychlorinated biphenyl congeners.

According to the fugacity approach pollutant uptake by an organism is determined by the chemical fugacity differential between the organism and its environment. The Accumulation Factor (AF) is a simple, fugacity-based model which has been shown to be useful for predicting the bioaccumulation potential of hydrophobic neutral organic compounds in sediment dwelling animals. Previously, the constancy of AFs for ten hydrophobic neutral organic compounds were tested by exposing clams (Macoma nasuta) in the laboratory for 28 days to six field-collected sediments varying widely in C{sub S}, TOC, and other chemical and physical characteristics. Sediment and tissue samples from that study were achieved and later analyzed for 11 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners. In this paper the authors report mean and maximum AFs (AF{sub max}) for 11 PCB congeners and test the constancy of the AFs across 5 sediments (treatments) by congener and across the 11 congeners by treatment.
The perception of depth in simple figures

Abstract When subjects with good stereoscopic acuity are given the task of judging which of two vertical lines lies nearer, the presence of other features nearby alters the perceived depth within the test pair. In the presence of a single flanking line shown with disparity, the test line pair is seen as fronto-parallel when it has disparity in the direction which tends to align it in depth with the flanking line. The notion of “salience” is introduced. This is the summed disparity—weighted approximately inversely with distance— between test objects and their neighbours. We make the hypothesis that objects appear at equal depths when they have equal salience. The salience hypothesis accounts for a variety of depth interaction effects between test lines and adjoining features, such as one or more other lines and a lattice of dots with a disparity gradient. Whether features other than nearest neighbours influence depth judgements depends on the individual. For five good stereo subjects, in two a single line completely masked all effects beyond the nearest neighbour, two others had partial masking, and one had none. If the visual system is interested in corners between planes in depth and in objects protruding from such planes, then salience constitutes a useful indicator for this purpose.
Inquiry in the Life Sciences: The Plant-in-a-Jar as a Catalyst for Learning

In this article, the author presents and discusses activities that use a phenomena-first, guided inquiry approach to teach important concepts related to plant function, as well as the history and nature of scientific inquiry. These activities are intended for use with students in grades 3-8, as well as in elementary science methods courses. The activities are consistent with inquiry-based instruction as advocated by the National Science Education Standards, are inexpensive and address common misconceptions related to the water cycle, transpiration, photosynthesis, and cellular respiration.
Eliminating carbon contamination on oxidized Si surfaces using a VUV excimer lamp

Abstract In the VUV spectrum we see a significant decrease in reflection due to organic contamination on the surface of mirrors. To study VUV mirrors it is requisite to have calibration standards. Such standards are useless as calibration tools if the surface has organic contamination. For our standard, we use a thermally oxidized silicon wafer with a 27 nm oxide overlayer. We found that silicon wafer samples capped with native oxide acquire 0.1 to 0.2 nm of organic contamination within two hours of being cleaned with stored in closed, but nonvacuum, conditions. After a week there is an additional 0.2 to 0.5 nm deposition after which no further significant deposition is measured up to 90 days. We place the samples in air within one cm of a xenon excimer lamp that radiates 7.2 eV photons which remove half of the remaining contamination every minute. Five minutes exposure is sufficient to clean both fresh and stored samples. Data are determined using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Additionally this paper addresses the need to ensure that these characterization tools are not a source of organic contamination. We determined that the antechamber of our XPS was contaminating samples at a rate of 0.6 nm/30 min as they waited for transfer to the analysis chamber. This contamination was virtually eliminated by attaching an oxygen radical source (ORS) device (Evactron® C De-Contaminator RF Plasma Cleaning System) directly to the antechamber.
Gravitational redshift in a local freely falling frame: A proposed new null test of the equivalence principle.

We consider the gravitational redshift effect measured by an observer in a local freely failing frame (LFFF) in the gravitational field of a massive body. For purely metric theories of gravity, the metric in a LFFF is expected to differ from that of flat spacetime by only "tidal" terms of order (GM/c(exp 2)R)(r'/R )(exp 2), where R is the distance of the observer from the massive body, and r' is the coordinate separation relative to the origin of the LFFF. A simple derivation shows that a violation of the equivalence principle for certain types of "clocks" could lead to a larger apparent redshift effect of order (1 - alpha)(G M/c(exp 2)R)(r'/R), where alpha parametrizes the violation (alpha = 1 for purely metric theories, such as general relativity). Therefore, redshift experiments in a LFFF with separated clocks can provide a new null test of the equivalence principle. With presently available technology, it is possible to reach an accuracy of 0.01% in the gravitational field of the Sun using an atomic clock orbiting the Earth. A 1% test in the gravitational field of the galaxy would be possible if an atomic frequency standard were flown on a space mission to the outer solar system.
Nucleotide hydrolysis by solubilized membrane-bound enzymes of the brush border plasma membrane of Hymenolepis diminuta

Abstract Pyrophosphate, p-nitrophenyl phosphate and a variety of pyrimidine and purine nucleotides are hydrolyzed by the solubilized membrane-bound enzymes of the brush border plasma membrane of Hymenolepis diminuta. The pH optima (or ranges) for hydrolysis of substrates are 8.0 (pyrophosphate), 8.8 (p-nitrophenyl phosphate), 8.4–8.9 (nucleoside monophosphates), and 7.1–8.1 (nucleoside triphosphates); all substrates, with the exception of nucleoside triphosphates, have a higher affinity for the solubilized enzyme at pH 7.4 than at their optimal pH for hydrolysis. ATP is degraded completely by the enzyme preparation to adenosine and inorganic phosphate, but since neither ADP nor ATP accumulate in the incubation medium it is not known whether ATP hydrolysis involves the sequential hydrolysis of terminal phosphate groups. Isoelectric focusing and various chromatographic procedures (gel permeation, ion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography) fail to separate the alkaline phosphatase, phosphodiesterase, 5′-nucleotidase, adenosine triphosphatase and ribonuclease activities associated with the solubilized membrane preparation. Additionally, inhibitor studies indicate that only a single enzyme with low substrate specificity is involved in the hydrolysis of nucleotides, p-nitrophenyl phosphate, pyrophosphate and hexose phosphate esters. Purines and pyrimidines and their nucleosides interact with the active site, and in some instances activity of the enzyme is stimulated by an unknown mechanism.