cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cell-Cycle-Regulated Localization of Tyrosine and Threonine Phosphoepitopes at the Kinetochores of Mitotic Chromosomes

We have detected novel phosphotyrosine epitopes at the kinetochores of mitotic chromosomes in rat kangaroo PtK1 and mouse P388D1 tissue culture cells. Immunofluorescence labeling of detergent-resistant cytoskeletons reveals that these phosphotyrosine epitopes are tightly bound at the centrosomes and kinetochores of mitotic cells. These phosphoepitopes are found at the kinetochores during only prophase and prometaphase. Inclusion of a mixture of phosphatase inhibitors in the cell extraction procedure was necessary to preserve these previously undetected phosphotyrosine epitopes. The use of the phosphatase inhibitor mixture also improved the detection of the centrosome and kinetochore antigens recognized by the monoclonal antibody MPM-2. The MPM-2 antibody labels a subset of phosphothreonine-containing antigens found primarily during M phase. Ultrastructural immunolabeling studies indicated that both the phosphotyrosine and the MPM-2 phosphoepitopes were contained in both the outer and the inner dense plaques of the kinetochore. We developed large-scale chromosome isolation procedures designed to maintain chromosome protein phosphorylation. Immunoblot analysis revealed that the phosphotyrosine and MPM-2 antibodies recognized a number of chromosomal proteins, some of which were concentrated in the chromosome scaffold fraction prepared by nuclease digestion and salt extraction of whole chromosomes. The strictly regulated appearance of the phosphotyrosine and MPM-2 epitopes at the kinetochores of chromosomes during various stages of mitosis suggests that these phosphoepitopes may be involved in signal transduction pathways controlling kinetochore assembly and function during mitosis.
Microplate live cell assay system for early events in mechanotransduction.

Abstract For studying mechanotransduction in cultured cells, we developed a microplate assay using a fluorescence/luminescence plate reader equipped with software-controlled injectors to deliver a reproducible mechanical stimulus (adjustable for both timing and force) and immediately measure adenosine 5 ′ -triphosphate (ATP) release and calcium mobilization. Suspension or adherent chondrocyte cultures in 96-well plates were incubated with firefly luciferase and luciferin for the ATP assay or loaded with Fluo-3-acetoxy methylester for intracellular calcium measurement. Steady state ATP release was measured in resting cells; then mechanical stimulation was delivered by injection of an equal volume of buffer into the wells. Serial integrations of 20 to 500 ms allowed real-time analysis of the time course of ATP release. Luminescence increased within 500 ms indicating the rapidity of ATP release in chondrocyte mechanotransduction. Subsequent injection of a cell lysis solution allowed quantitation of total cellular ATP as an internal control of cell viability and number. Intracellular calcium was also elevated within 500 ms of fluid injection. This assay is easily adapted for changes in intracellular pH or other ions by use of different commercially available fluorescent indicators. The live-cell assay using fluid injection as a mechanical stimulus is a valuable tool for dissecting the role of signaling pathways in mechanotransduction.
Stibnite (Sb2S3) Solubility in Sodium Sulfide Solutions

The solubility of stibnite ( Sb2S3) was measured at 25°C and 1 atmosphere in solutions ranging from 0.45 to 7.16 percent Na2S by weight. Sb2S3: Na2S mole ratios of saturated solutions range from 0.238 to 0.403. Stibnite solubility increases at an increasing rate with rising Na2S concentration. The reaction that best fits the experimental data is 2Sb2S3 + HS- + OH-= Sb4S72- + H2O, for which an equilibrium constant was estimated to be about 5.0.
Impact of aerobic exercise trials with varied intensity patterns on perceptions of effort: an evaluation of predicted, in-task, and session exertion.

Abstract Perceptions of effort provide a sense of momentary exertion during exercise, but may have value when considered prior to and after exercise. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between perceived exertion assessed before, during, and after trials of aerobic exercise fixed for total work but varied on intensity patterns. Twenty participants completed five trials of treadmill exercise that included planned intensity variations every 10 minutes to result in the same total work. Perceived exertion was taken before, during, and after exercise. Analyses confirmed each trial was similar in terms of average speed and heart rate (P > 0.05). Predicted and session exertion results indicated that the steady exercise bout was perceived as easier than many trials of varied speed (P < 0.05). Trials including an intense segment in the middle or end of the session were perceived as more difficult than sessions that varied intensity otherwise or remained constant. Similarly, trials th...
The transition from hospital to home: an exploratory study.

With the predominance of thc elderly and chronically ill, and shorter lengths of stay, hospitals struggle with facilitating timely discharge while ensuring that the patient and family receive propcr ongoing care. Subsequently, facilitating the patient's smooth transition from hospital is of primary importance at the time of discharge. Yet, little is known about the situations and difficulties patients experience during the first week after discharge. This study explored the patient's transition from hospital to home. Using a random sample of adult medical-surgical patients, data was collected during the first week at home using telephone and in-depth interviews, and participant observation. The results of this study present four major themes: the nature of the patient's continuing care needs, the importance of an available and able caregiver, the presence of caregiver uncertainty, and the need for information. In addition, it identified home care services as a vital resource to assist patients with illnes...
Stump pressure, electroencephalographic changes, and the contralateral carotid artery: Another look at selective shunting☆☆☆

Abstract Background : Selective shunting during carotid endarterectomy is associated with the lowest operative stroke rate; therefore, patient selection for carotid shunting is critical. Electroencephalography (EEG) can detect ischemic brain cell dysfunction before irreversible injury. The carotid stump back pressure (CSP) has been inconsistent in determining the need for shunting, and contralateral carotid disease has had a variable impact. The purpose of this study was to evaluate CSP and operative EEG changes, and to determine the effect of contralateral carotid artery disease on determining the need for carotid shunting. Methods : In 140 consecutive carotid procedures, operative EEG and CSP were monitored, and contralateral carotid disease was documented. The carotid stump pressure/mean arterial pressure index (CSP/MAP) was also calculated to determine if this was a better indicator of the need for shunting than the CSP alone. Results : There was a 58% incidence of EEG changes when the CSP was ≤25 mm Hg, 32% with a CSP of 26 to 50 mm Hg, and 4% with a CSP >50 mm Hg. There was a 43% incidence of EEG changes and lower CSP among patients with a contralateral occlusion, both of which were significantly different from patients with a patent contralateral carotid artery. Three patients with CSP >50 mm Hg had EEG changes, but none had a contralateral occlusion. Two patients had permanent neurologic deficits, and 2 had transient deficits. Excluding combined procedures, operative stroke rate was 0.8%. Conclusions : A CSP of 50 mm Hg had a negative predictive value of 96%. However, a CSP of
Relaxing retinotomies and retinectomies

Relaxing retinotomies and retinectomies are helpful surgical techniques in the treatment of severe cases of retinal detachment with incarcerated retinas, retinal shrinkage caused by proliferative vitreoretinopathy, proliferative vasculopathies, or injury after failure of membrane removal and scleral buckling to reattach the retina. They should be considered as a last resort. The retina is reattached with an intraocular tamponade and then treated with transvitreal laser or cryotherapy. Temporary retinal tacking at the posterior retinal edge before intraocular tamponade is helpful. The retina was attached in 18 of 45 eyes with at least six months of follow-up. Visual acuity was counting fingers or better in 11 eyes and 5/200 or better in three.
Time-Resolved X-Ray Spectrographic Instrumentation For Laser Fusion And X-Ray Laser Studies

Recent advances in the development of high resolution time-resolving x-ray spectroscopic instrumentation have considerably improved the capabilities of diagnosing details of electron and radiation transport, implosion dynamics and final compressed core conditions of laser fusion targets. In addition, the current interest in x-ray laser schemes utilizing laser-produced plasmas places even more stringent demands on time- and space-resolved x-ray and XUV diagnostics. In this paper we will summarize some of the recent technical developments made at LLE to meet these needs, and give illustrations of the capabilities of new x-ray spectroscopic instrumentation activated on recent laser fusion and x-ray laser experiments. Technical details, performance criteria and typical experimental results will be presented on several time resolving spectrographic systems. A soft x-ray, transmission grating, streak spectrograph (resolution ~ 1.5 A) time-resolves spectra in the 3-200 A range. A streak elliptical crystal spectrograph permits the resolution of x-rays in a number of spectral regions in the 2-100 A range. We will also present details of (a) a streak planar crystal spectrograph having high spectral resolution and sensitivity, and (b) a novel, high resolving power (λ/Δλ ~ 103) streak spectrograph incorporating a unique crystal geometry permitting high dispersion, and having good collection efficiency. The impact these developments will have on current investigations of high temperature, dense plasmas in laser fusion and x-ray laser research will be discussed.
The Training and Validation of Youth-Preferred Social Behaviors of Child Care Personnel.

This research sought to identify, train, and validate social behaviors preferred by youths to be used by youth-care personnel (called teaching-parents). With training, consistent increases in seven preferred behaviors were observed for the six teaching-parent trainees. These behaviors included offering to help, “getting to the point”, giving reasons why a behavior is important to a youth, providing descriptions of alternative behaviors, positive feedback, smiling, and positive motivational incentives (i.e., points for task mastery exchanged for tangible reinforcers). Increases in these behaviors correlated with increases in the youths' ratings of the quality of the trainees' interactions. Posttraining levels of preferred social behavior and youth ratings for trainees also compared favorably with levels for successful professional teaching-parents. These results suggest that teaching-parents can be successfully trained to interact with youths in ways that are preferred by the youths.
Effects of roadway crossings on leaf litter processing and invertebrate assemblages in small streams.

The effects of the Maine Turnpike (Interstate 95) on leaf litter processing were examined in five first- and second-order coastal plain streams in southern Maine, U.S.A. Invertebrate assemblages and red maple leaf softening and loss rates were compared at 53 stations arrayed upstream and downstream of the turnpike. Litter softening rate was not affected by the roadway. Litter loss rate was significantly faster at downstream stations (–0.0024 degree-day-1) than at upstream stations or at stations nearest the roadway, which were not different from each other (–0.0022 degree-day-1). Litter softening and loss rates were more strongly related to physical and chemical habitat variables than to shredder assemblage characteristics. Significant among-stream differences were observed in most community structural metrics and in biomass of important shredder taxa, but effects of the roadway were rarely consistent among streams. This is attributed in part to habitat variation, which was greater among streams than within streams. This study suggests that while the presence of the Maine Turnpike may influence stream water quality and habitat structure, the relatively subtle effects of roadway runoff and associated habitat modifications on stream ecosystem processes are masked by within- and among-stream variability in litter processing and leaf pack invertebrate assemblage structure.
Stability and performance in the presence of magnitude bounded real uncertainty: Riccati equation based state space approaches

Abstract This paper is concerned with Riccati equation based analysis methods for determining stability and performance of perturbed feedback systems. The elements of the state-space representation of the systems are assumed to be linearly perturbed with real, magnitude bounded uncertaintites. Performance is defined as the value of the H ∞ norm of the transfer function of interest. An analysis method based on checking the existence of a common solution to a finite set of Riccati inequalities is proposed; it represents a nonconvex optimization problem. This problem is then transformed into a convex optimization problem by the use of properties of certain matrix inequalities.
Case study: Service quality from the other side: Information systems management at Duquesne Light

Service organizations are continuously endeavoring to improve their quality of service as it is of paramount importance to them. Despite the importance of understanding the relationship of service quality and information systems, this research has not been pursued extensively. This study has addressed this gap in the research literature and studied how information systems impacts service quality. A research model is developed based on IS success model. System quality, information quality, user IT characteristics, employee IT performance and technical support are identified as important elements that influence service quality. An in-depth case study from the electric utility industry is used to investigate the impact.
Outcome after fetoscopic selective laser ablation of placental anastomoses vs equatorial laser dichorionization for the treatment of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome.

Objective The objective of the study was to compare the outcome in women with twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) who were managed by selective laser ablation of placental anastomoses (S-LASER) vs equatorial dichorionization of the anastomoses and chorionic plate (ED-LASER). Study Design We conducted an analysis of 2 consecutive cohorts with TTTS treated with S-LASER and ED-LASER. Preoperative, procedural, delivery, and outcome details were compared between treatment groups. Results A total of 147 twin pregnancies had laser (S-LASER, n = 71; ED-LASER, n = 76). Obstetric history, Quintero stage, placental location, individual arterial and venous Doppler parameters, and gestational age at laser and delivery did not differ. Use of lens fetoscope (96.1% vs 50.7%), coagulated anastomosis count (11 vs 15, P P = .019), and amniotic fluid transparency (80.3% vs 94.7%, P = .011) was greater during ED-LASER. Procedure-related complications, gestational age at delivery, and perinatal details were comparable between groups. ED-LASER was associated with significantly lower recurrence of TTTS (3.9% vs 8.5%), twin anemia polycythemia sequence (2.6% vs 4.2%), and amniotic fluid abnormalities (0% vs 5.6%, P P Conclusion In patients with TTTS, photocoagulation of causative anastomoses and the chorionic plate along the vascular equator decreases recurrence without increasing adverse outcome and improves survival compared with the selective technique.
At the scene of ischemic brain injury: is PARP a perp?

New findings suggest that PARP may be a perpetrator of brain injury following ischemic insult (pages 1089–1095).
Malicious Hubs: Detecting Abnormally Malicious Autonomous Systems

While many attacks are distributed across botnets, investigators and network operators have recently targeted malicious networks through high profile autonomous system (AS) de-peerings and network shut-downs. In this paper, we explore whether some ASes indeed are safe havens for malicious activity. We look for ISPs and ASes that exhibit disproportionately high malicious behavior using 12 popular blacklists. We find that some ASes have over 80\% of their routable IP address space blacklisted and others account for large fractions of blacklisted IPs. Overall, we conclude that examining malicious activity at the AS granularity can unearth networks with lax security or those that harbor cybercrime.
The Cajuns of Southern Alabama: Morphology and serology

A survey was conducted of 324 members of the Cajun isolate of Southern Alabama. Tradition and appearance suggest that this population of about 3,000 are not entirely White, Black, or Indian but constitute a triracial community somewhat reproductively isolated and inbred. The earliest American settlement in the area, along the banks of the Mobile and Tombigbee Rivers, lay between Spaniards to the South and Indian tribes on the other sides: Creek, Choctaw, and Cherokee. Physical measurements are reported for 71 adults, plus color of skin, eyes, and hair. X-rays were taken of wrist and ankle bones of some 253 children. Red blood samples were typed on adults and children, and haptoglobin, Gm, and Gc types were determined from serum. History and physical examinations were also made. Physical measurements and observations suggest predominantly White ancestry, and D2 analysis confirms this, with least similarity to Indians. Analysis of serological traits implies almost 70% White, almost 30% Black, and very little Indians genes. Few defects of clear genetic etiology were discovered. Growth patterns judged from X-rays appeared normal. All genetic loci testable were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium except Gc. While history and some common surnames suggest endogamy in the past, the medical and serological findings, plus some additional surnames, indicate that the isolate has already been largely diluted or dissolved.
Critical factors influencing the recovery and integrity of rRNA extracted from environmental samples: use of an optimized protocol to measure depth-related biomass distribution in freshwater sediments.

A protocol was developed for the efficient recovery of intact, high molecular weight rRNA from different environmental matrices. Critical variables were identified in sample processing that influenced yield and integrity of recovered nucleic acid. Most notably, the order of addition and the buffer to sample volume ratio profoundly influenced the efficiency of nucleic acid recovery from sediment material when utilizing a guanidine thiocyanate-β-mercaptoethaol extraction buffer. Addition of one sample volume to five buffer volumes contributed to an order of magnitude increase in recovery relative to reverse order of addition (buffer addition to sample). An optimized extraction protocol was used to evaluate rRNA yield by seeding samples with whole cells and radiolabeled nucleic acid. Recovery of intact rRNA was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which was also used to provide another estimate of quantity. This optimized protocol was used to measure depth-related changes in biomass distribution in Lake Michigan deep-water sediments. This revealed a biomodal biomass distribution; a maximum near the water/sediment interface and a secondary peak associated with the oxic/suboxic boundary. A significant portion of the community at the oxic/suboxic boundary was composed of non-methanogenic Archaea.
Predicting at-risk students in general chemistry: comparing formal thought to a general achievement measure

This study is an investigation into the ability of pre-assessment measures of formal thought ability and general achievement to predict students at-risk of poor performance in college- level general chemistry. Over a three year period, data on formal thought ability (as measured by the Test of Logical Thinking, or TOLT) and/or general achievement (as measured by the Scholastic Aptitude Test, or SAT) was collected from over 3000 students as they entered a general chemistry course. The outcome measure was an American Chemical Society general chemistry exam at the end of the course. Findings indicate that both the formal thought and the general achievement measure can successfully identify at-risk students in this setting, with neither measure being superior in doing so. The presence of distinct groups of students correctly predicted to be at-risk by only one of the measures demonstrates that formal thought ability and general achievement each represent an independent hindrance to success in chemistry. Therefore, efforts to help at-risk students should include a focus on the development of formal thought as well as a content review. [Chem. Educ. Res. Pract., 2007, 8 (1), 32-51]
Suppression of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Activity in Herpes Simplex Virus 1-Infected Cells by the Us3 Protein Kinase

Host mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are deregulated by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). Unlike p38 MAPK and Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), which require ICP27 for their activation early in infection, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity is suppressed by an unknown mechanism. Here, we establish that HSV-1-induced suppression of ERK activity requires viral gene expression, occurs with delayed-early kinetics, and requires the functional virus-encoded Us3 Ser/Thr protein kinase. Finally, Us3 expression in uninfected cells was necessary and sufficient to suppress ERK activity in the absence of any other virus-encoded gene products. This demonstrates that inhibition of ERK activity in HSV-1-infected cells is an intrinsic Us3 function and defines a new role for this alphaherpesvirus Us3 kinase in regulating MAPK activation in infected cells.
An ecologic study of dietary links to prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: The etiology of prostate cancer has not been fully resolved in the scientific and medical literature, although the non-fat portion of milk and calcium are emerging as leading dietary risk factors, with lycopene (found in tomatoes) and vitamin D apparently being risk reduction factors. METHODS: The ecologic (multi-country statistical) approach is used to study dietary links to prostate cancer. Mortality data from 1986 for various age groups in 41 countries are compared with national consumer macronutrient supply values for 1983 and tomato supply values for 1985. RESULTS: For 28 countries with more than five Kcal/day of tomatoes in the consumer supply, a linear combination of non-fat milk (risk factor) and tomatoes (risk reduction factor) was found to have the highest statistical association with prostate cancer mortality rates for men over the age of 35, with the Pearson regression coefficient (R2) for those aged 65-74 years = 0.67 and p < 0.001. For the 13 countries with fewer than six Kcal/day of tomatoes, non-fat milk had the highest association (R2 = 0.92, p < 0.001 for men aged 65-74 years). For 41 countries combined, the non-fat portion of milk had the highest association with prostate cancer mortality rates (R2 = 0.73, p < 0.001 for men aged 65-74 years). CONCLUSIONS: These results support the results of several cohort studies which found the non-fat portion of milk to have the highest association with prostate cancer, likely due to the calcium, and tomatoes to reduce the risk of prostate cancer, most likely due to lycopene.
Management of choledocholithiasis after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

( o w n a t c f e l i u t 1 s t d s p a r s fl t s p d p I t w The prevalence of gallstones in the general population is bout 5% and can be as great as 45% in morbidly obese atients [1–3]. The incidence of choledocholithiasis at choecystectomy in the general population has been reported to nywhere from 12% to 45%; however, the incidence in the orbidly obese is unknown. The prevalence of retained tones after common bile duct exploration has ranged from % to 15% [4]. Morbid obesity and rapid weight loss are 2 nown risk factors for gallbladder disease. Surgically inuced weight loss increases the rate of cholesterol secretion, hich increases the risk of gallstone formation by 32– 2% after gastric bypass, excluding an additional 10% ho develop biliary sludge [3,5–7]. Choledocholithiasis n a patient who has undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass RYGB) represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. e present a case of cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis n a patient 4 years after laparoscopic RYGB (LRYGB). We riefly review the published data, discuss the available dignostic and therapeutic options, and propose an algorithm or managing this uncommon, but difficult, entity.
Practical Autonomic Computing

Autonomic computing generally refers to future information processing and networking technologies that are capable of self-awareness for the purposes of self-optimization, self-healing and self-protection. This paper is an overview of the goals, motivations and current status of this technical area, with specific focus on the technical and deployment challenges. Our conclusion is that, while the imperative to develop autonomic computing capabilities is indisputable, the technical and business obstacles are extremely significant. Those obstacles are not being coherently or adequately addressed by the R&D and business communities
Injury rates and injury risk factors among U.S. Army wheel vehicle mechanics.

ABSTRACT This study describes injury rates, injury diagnoses, anatomical locations of injuries, limited duty days, and activities associated with injuries in a sample of Army mechanics. Medical records of 518 male and 43 female Army mechanics were screened for injuries during 1 year at a large U.S. Army installation. Weight, height, age, and ethnicity were also extracted from the medical records. Body mass index was calculated as weight/height2. Overall injury rates for men and women were 124 and 156 injuries/l00 person-years, respectively, with a rate of 127 injuries/100 person-years for all soldiers combined. Women had higher overuse injury rates while men had higher traumatic injury rates. Limited duty days for men and women were 2,076 and 1,966 days/100 person-years, respectively. The lower back, knee, ankle, foot, and shoulder involved 61% of the injuries. Activities associated with injury included (in order of incidence) physical training, mechanical work, sports, airborne-related activities, road m...
A novel dry powder influenza vaccine and intranasal delivery technology: induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses in rats

Intranasal (IN) vaccination represents an attractive non-invasive alternative to needle-based injection and provides superior protection at mucosal surfaces. However, new formulations are needed to improve efficacy and reduce the refrigerated storage and distribution requirements associated with standard liquid vaccines. Here, we describe a powder formulation of whole inactivated influenza virus and a novel IN delivery platform. The powder-formulated vaccine elicited a significant serum antibody response in rats that was at least as strong as that provided by the liquid vaccine administered IN or via intramuscular (IM) injection. Significant nasal IgA responses were also observed solely after IN delivery. This study demonstrates for the first time the generation of potent nasal mucosal and systemic immune responses using an IN delivered influenza vaccine powder and suggests an alternative approach to vaccination against influenza and other infectious diseases.
TUNEL assay to characterize acute histopathological injury following treatment with the active and deep FX fractional short-pulse CO2 devices

Background: This is a report of the histopathological evaluation of the acute damage profile in human skin following treatment with two novel short-pulsed fractional carbon dioxide resurfacing devices used independently and in combination in vivo. Methods: The panni of eight abdominoplasty patients were treated with either the Active FX, the Deep FX (Lumenis Ltd., Yokneum, Israel), or a combination of the two (Total FX) prior to the start of the excisional surgical procedure. Multiple combinations of energies, pulse widths, and densities were evaluated for each device. After surgical removal (two to five hours), each pannus was immediately biopsied and samples were processed for histopathological evaluation. Results: The Active FX system resulted in extensive epidermal injury with wide shallow ablation craters that, at higher fluences, extended through the basement membrane of the epidermis into the papillary dermis. The Deep FX fractional treatment caused deep microcolumns of ablation penetrating up to 3 to 4 mm from the epidermal surface into the deep reticular dermis with a variable rim of coagulated collagen surrounding each ablation column. Conclusions: The in vivo histopathological evaluation of these devices furthers our understanding of the fundamental laser/tissue interaction following treatment with each device independently and in combination.
N-Terminal Phosphorylation of p60 Katanin Directly Regulates Microtubule Severing

Proteins of the AAA (ATPases associated with various cellular activities) family often have complex modes of regulation due to their central position in important cellular processes. p60 katanin, an AAA protein that severs and depolymerizes microtubules, is subject to multiple modes of regulation including a phosphorylation in the N-terminal domain involved in mitotic control of severing. Phosphorylation decreases severing activity in Xenopus egg extracts and is involved in controlling spindle length. Here, we show that the evolutionarily divergent N-terminal domains of p60 have maintained hotspots of mitotic kinase regulation. By reconstituting in vitro severing reactions, we show that phosphomimetic modification at amino acid position 131 in Xenopus laevis p60 decreases severing and microtubule-stimulated ATPase activity without affecting the binding affinity of p60 for microtubules. At high concentrations of the phosphomimetic mutant p60, wild-type levels of activity could be observed, indicating a more switch-like threshold of activity that is controlled by regulating oligomerization on the microtubule. This provides a cellular mechanism for high local concentrations of p60, like those found on spindle poles, to maintain severing activity while most of the protein is inhibited. Overall, we have shown that the modular domain architecture of AAA proteins allows for precise control of cellular activities with simple modifications.
MODELING CRIMINAL CAREERS

A stochastic model of criminal careers embodying the assumptions of Gottfredson and Hirschi (1986, 1988) is used as a tool to examine the arguments and claims that have been raised in the recent debate over the nature of criminal careers. The model is used to fit aggregate career data in different jurisdictions and to explain racial and sex patterns in recidivism data. Some of the arguments that have been deployed on both sides of this debate are shown to lack validity. Nullius in verba. —Motto of the Royal Society
Ileal J-Pouch Volvulus Following Total Proctocolectomy for Ulcerative Colitis

Total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) allows restoration of continence in select patients with ulcerative colitis but is associated with significant morbidity. Well-known complications following IPAA include pouchitis, anastomotic leak, and small bowel obstruction. Obstruction secondary to ileal pouch volvulus is exceedingly rare. We report a case of ileal pouch volvulus, which occurred secondary to internal hernia. Radiographic and endoscopic identification of volvulus allowed for early operative management and pouch salvage.
Electromyography of the human uterus

Abstract 1. A simple, nontraumatic method for recording bioelectric potentials emanating from the human uterus in situ is described. 2. Potential shifts as recorded from the nongravid organ were predominantly monophasic, the frequency varying with the ovarian cycle. This frequency of potential change was highest just prior to and immediately following menstruation and lowest at a time approximating ovulation. 3. Potential shifts during pregnancy were characteristically and predominantly biphasic. The frequency of such potential changes remained relatively constant throughout gestation, approximating that seen during the ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle. 4. Records from isolated uterine muscle strips were of such a character as to be interpreted as evidence that tracings secured from the uterus in situ represented true uterine electropotential changes. These records gave indication of the equipotentiality of various portions of the uterus as regards bioelectric activity. 5. Bioelectric activity is present in the human uterus until at least the age of 82 years.
Weight changes in breast cancer survivors who received adjuvant antiestrogen therapy

6588 Background: Antiestrogen therapy has dramatically improved breast cancer survival rates but weight gain may be problematic. Studies evaluating antiestrogen therapy-related weight gain have yie...
An Un-Uniform System of Citation: Surviving with the New Bluebook

This article led to the creation of the ALWD Citation Manual and to changes in The Bluebook itself. At this point, the article's other primary significance is the history of The Bluebook contained in the first major section. The article also describes significant changes in the 16th edition of The Bluebook and includes advice to The Bluebook's editors about how to improve the publication.
Elastic scattering of electrons by H2 in the born approximation

Abstract This paper presents accurate computation of the differential cross sections for the elastic and vibrational excitation of ground state H2 by fast electrons. The electronic matrix elements are evaluated at 20 internuclear separations and proper averaging over vibrational wavefunctions is carried out. The comparison to experiment yields excellent agreement. Different computational procedures appropriate for low and moderate values of momentum transfer are compared.
Shared place and space: a comparison of two interdisciplinary graduate programs

Interdisciplinary training has an important role to play in environmental research, but what aspects of interdisciplinary training are most helpful for graduate students as they seek to define themselves as interdisciplinary environmental scholars? In this paper, we compare two environmentally related NSF IGERT programs at the University of Wisconsin-Madison that were similar in their research focus but very different in their approach to training. One program required shared coursework, while the other required research in a shared geographical area in Yunnan, China. Our results suggest that the formal structure of interdisciplinary training programs may be less important than providing students with opportunities to interact with people from other disciplines, both intellectually and in practice. However, differences between the programs did impact participants’ approach to interdisciplinarity. Our findings also highlight the importance of professional training to ensure that all trainees are able to take advantage of interdisciplinary opportunities.
Improved assay of coenzyme F420 analogues from methanogenic bacteria

An improved method for separating analogues of coenzyme F420 by isocratic reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography is described. The method offers improved resolution, shorter chromatography runs and requires less complex apparatus.
Social Studies in the Modern Era: A Case Study of Effective Teachers' Use of Literacy and Technology

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research project was to highlight the practices and philosophies of two effective—but different—social studies teachers who balance the demands of teaching in the modern era while honoring their own philosophies for teaching social studies. This project was ground in the theoretical framework provided by TPACK and used a case study methodology for its research design. While the pedagogical content knowledge of the participants was strong and technology was used abundantly for instructional purposes, this research raised questions regarding how teachers can most effectively use technology to enhance instruction by helping students conceptualize content knowledge and apply their learning in new ways.
Migrating the Internet to IPv6: An Exploration of the When and Why

This paper documents and to some extent elucidates the progress of IPv6 across major Internet stakeholders since its introduction in the mid 1990s. IPv6 offered an early solution to a well-understood and well-documented problem IPv4 was expected to encounter. In spite of early standardization and awareness of the issue, the Internet's march to IPv6 has been anything but smooth, even if recent data point to an improvement. This paper documents this progression for several key Internet stakeholders using available measurement data, and identifies changes in the IPv6 ecosystem that may be in part responsible for how it has unfolded. The paper also develops a stylized model of IPv6 adoption across those stakeholders, and validates its qualitative predictive ability by comparing it to measurement data.
4 INCREASED ENDOTHELIAL PERMEABILITY IN RHOGDI ALPHA NULL MICE DUE TO THE ACTIVATION OF RHOA SIGNALING CASCADE

Changes in the endothelial permeability that are essential for vascular repair or inflammatory responses may also contribute to pathological conditions such as vascular leakage, septic shock, edema, atherosclerosis, hypertension, or cancer. Rho family GTPases have been implicated in the regulation of endothelial permeability via action on both actin cytoskeletal organization and the integrity of intercellular junctions. Regulators of Rho proteins, guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) prevent activation of RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42. We studied the lung microcirculation to address the in-vivo role of RhoGDIα signaling in endothelial barrier regulation. We found that endothelial permeability in the lungs of RhoGDIα null mice was two-fold higher than that in the lungs of wild type mice. Perfusion of the mice lungs with the ROCK kinase inhibitor Y-27632 restored endothelial permeability to control level. The activity of RhoA and Rac1, but not Cdc42 was increased in RhoGDIα knock-out mice. Interestingly, myosin light chain 2 and cofilin were hyperphosphorylated, indicating the involvement of the RhoA signaling cascade. Thus, we concluded that regulation of RhoA and Rac1 activity via RhoGDIα has barrier protective effect in endothelium.
Mass spectrometry in structural and stereochemical problems—XXXIII : Colchicine alkaloids☆☆☆

Abstract Mass spectra have been measured for a series of colchicine alkaloids and correlations between spectra and structure have been made. The results indicate that mass spectra will be of assistance in structure determination of such naturally occurring tropolones.
Role of ideas in advancing paleontology

Modern biological principles and mathematical techniques applied to fossil data may contribute to a rigorous theoretical framework for the analysis of macroevolutionary trends. Such cross-fertilization may also serve to correct interpretative biases common in paleontological literature.
Maximization and the Good

The idea that we should maximize the good is a compelling one. After all, if you know what is good—that is, what is objectively worth pursuing—it makes sense to say that you should produce as much of it as you can. But the idea that we should maximize happiness is not obviously right; this idea depends on the assumption that happiness is the only thing that is objectively worth pursuing and this assumption is doubtful, particularly if happiness is understood as pleasure. After some consideration of the historical context of the idea that happiness should be maximized, I argue that the good for a person includes more than happiness. The good is more plausibly thought of in pluralistic terms. Finally, I argue that pluralist theories of a person’s good make maximizing problematic because they do not provide a single target and, further, because they include items (such as friendship) that are not appropriately maximized.
Scaling up to institutional entrepreneurship: A life history of an elite training gymnastics organization:

This organizational life history documents how the founder of an elite gymnastics training organization led her organizational members to resist what she deemed to be unethical institutional influences prior to working toward changing those institutional practices. The study contributes the idea that institutional resistance leadership at the team and organizational levels can precede disruptive institutional entrepreneurship activities at the institutional level. The diachronic analysis describes the micro, local, historical, intra-organizational work that serves as a proving ground for generating resistance before proceeding to institutional level work; in doing so, the article explores how leadership activities can be ‘scaled up’ to affect institutions through the intermediary of an organization. Identity violations triggered a founder’s sensemaking and moved her to lead others to resist institutional forces on her own organization’s training practices. The founder used the rhetorical strategy of narra...
Preoperative Surgical Discussion and Information Retention by Patients.

Background: To assess how much information communicated to patients is understood and retained after preoperative discussion of upper extremity procedures. Methods: A prospective study was designed by recruiting patients prior to undergoing upper extremity surgical procedures after a detailed discussion of their operative technique, postoperative care and treatment outcomes. Patients were given the same 20-item questionnaire to fill out twice, at two pre operative visits. An independent evaluator filled out a third questionnaire as a control. Various discussion points of the survey were compared among the 3 questionnaires and retained information and perceived comprehension were evaluated. Results: The average patients’ age was 50.3 (27–75) years The average time between the two surveys preoperative 1 and preoperative 2 was 40.7 (7–75) days,. The average patient had approximately 2 years of college or an associate’s degree. Patients initially retained 73% (52–90%) of discussion points presented during preoperative 1 and 61% (36–85%) of the information at preoperative 2 p = .002. 50% of patients felt they understood 100% of the discussion, this dropped to only 10% at their preoperative 2 visit. 15% of our patients did not know what type of anesthesia they were having at preoperative 2. Conclusions: A communication barrier between patients and physicians exists when patients are informed about their preoperative surgical discussion. The retention of information presented is worsened with elapsing time from the initial preoperative discussion to the second preoperative visit immediately prior to surgery. Methods to enhance patients’ retention of information prior to surgery must be sought and implemented which will improve patients’ treatment outcome.
Fault recovery control for islanding operation of yunnan-guangdong UHVDC transmission system after mono-polar blocking

Islanding operation at the sending terminal of Yunnan-Guangdong UHVDC transmission project was designed as one of the normal operation modes. In order to use this mode, it should be verified that the UHVDC and the islanding AC system can withstand impacts of various faults that may occur during real system operation. The DC system mono-polar blocking is one of the serious faults that the islanding operation must be able to withstand. Based on the islanding operation on-site commissioning tests, the fault recovery process after mono-polar blocking under rated DC power operation was analyzed. Using electromagnetic transient simulations, the resonance issue caused by shedding partial generation units in the islanding system for over-frequency control after the mono-polar blocking was investigated. The coordination control of tripping surplus reactive power compensation units at converter station and shedding partial generation units for improving the fault recovery characteristic was evaluated. The analysis supports the real system operation using islanding operation mode.
A Comparison of Profiles of Transtheoretical Model Constructs of Change among Depressed and Nondepressed Women at Risk for an Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancy.

Abstract Introduction The efficacy of a series of interventions to reduce risk of alcohol-exposed pregnancies is well-established, yet some subsets of women remain at risk. For instance, in CHOICES, a randomized clinical trial of an intervention to prevent alcohol-exposed pregnancy, nondepressed women reduced risk drinking at roughly twice the rate of women with depression (49% vs. 24%). This secondary analysis of CHOICES data examines constructs that can explicate differences between nondepressed and depressed women in the process of changing alcohol behavior. Methods Profile analysis was used to compare the current status on transtheoretical model constructs of change between groups of depressed (n = 41) and nondepressed (n = 171) women in CHOICES at baseline and at the 9-month follow-up (end of the study). Participants were women aged 18 to 44 years who were at risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy at baseline. Measures included the Timeline Followback, Brief Symptom Inventory, and the transtheoretical model measures of decisional balance, self-efficacy, and experiential and behavioral processes of change. Results Differences in profiles of the transtheoretical model constructs between groups were found at baseline and 9 months (p Conclusions Prevention interventions should assess for depression and target interventions to improve success. Results of this study can help practitioners to better tailor interventions to the needs of individuals with depression by strategically targeting decisional balance and self-efficacy.
RhoGTPase Regulators Orchestrate Distinct Stages of Synaptic Development

Small RhoGTPases regulate changes in post-synaptic spine morphology and density that support learning and memory. They are also major targets of synaptic disorders, including Autism. Here we sought to determine whether upstream RhoGTPase regulators, including GEFs, GAPs, and GDIs, sculpt specific stages of synaptic development. The majority of examined molecules uniquely regulate either early spine precursor formation or later maturation. Specifically, an activator of actin polymerization, the Rac1 GEF β-PIX, drives spine precursor formation, whereas both FRABIN, a Cdc42 GEF, and OLIGOPHRENIN-1, a RhoA GAP, regulate spine precursor elongation. However, in later development, a novel Rac1 GAP, ARHGAP23, and RhoGDIs inactivate actomyosin dynamics to stabilize mature synapses. Our observations demonstrate that specific combinations of RhoGTPase regulatory proteins temporally balance RhoGTPase activity during post-synaptic spine development.