cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fast, Accurate, and Flexible Algorithms for Dense Subtensor Mining

Given a large-scale and high-order tensor, how can we detect dense subtensors in it? Can we spot them in near-linear time but with quality guarantees? Extensive previous work has shown that dense subtensors, as well as dense subgraphs, indicate anomalous or fraudulent behavior (e.g., lockstep behavior in social networks). However, available algorithms for detecting dense subtensors are not satisfactory in terms of speed, accuracy, and flexibility. In this work, we propose two algorithms, called M-Zoom and M-Biz, for fast and accurate dense-subtensor detection with various density measures. M-Zoom gives a lower bound on the density of detected subtensors, while M-Biz guarantees the local optimality of detected subtensors. M-Zoom and M-Biz can be combined, giving the following advantages: (1) Scalable: scale near-linearly with all aspects of tensors and are up to 114× faster than state-of-the-art methods with similar accuracy, (2) Provably accurate: provide a guarantee on the lowest density and local optimality of the subtensors they find, (3) Flexible: support multi-subtensor detection and size bounds as well as diverse density measures, and (4) Effective: successfully detected edit wars and bot activities in Wikipedia, and spotted network attacks from a TCP dump with near-perfect accuracy (AUC = 0.98).
Designed transition metal catalysts for intracellular organic synthesis

The development of synthetic, metal-based catalysts to perform intracellular bioorthogonal reactions represents a relatively new and important area of research that combines transition metal catalysis and chemical biology. The ability to perform reactions in cellulo, especially those transformations without a natural counterpart, offers a versatile tool for medicinal chemists and chemical biologists. With proper modification of the metal catalysts, it is even possible to direct a reaction to certain intracellular sites. This review highlights advances in this new area, from early work on intracellular functional group conversions to recent advances in intracellular synthesis of drugs, including cytotoxic agents. Both the fundamental and applied aspects of this approach to intracellular synthesis are reviewed.
Genetic analysis of zebrafish homologs of human FOXQ1, foxq1a and foxq1b, in innate immune cell development and bacterial host response

FOXQ1 is a member of the forkhead-box transcription factor family that has important functions in development, cancer, aging, and many cellular processes. The role of FOXQ1 in cancer biology has raised intense interest, yet much remains poorly understood. We investigated the possible function of the two zebrafish orthologs (foxq1a and foxq1b) of human FOXQ1 in innate immune cell development and function. We employed CRISPR-Cas9 targeted mutagenesis to create null mutations of foxq1a and foxq1b in zebrafish. Using a combination of molecular, cellular, and embryological approaches, we characterized single and double foxq1a bcz11 and foxq1b bcz18 mutants. This study provides the first genetic mutant analyses of zebrafish foxq1a and foxq1b. Interestingly, we found that foxq1a, but not foxq1b, was transcriptionally regulated during a bacterial response, while the expression of foxq1a was detected in sorted macrophages and upregulated in foxq1a-deficient mutants. However, the transcriptional response to E. coli challenge of foxq1a and foxq1b mutants was not significantly different from that of their wildtype control siblings. Our data shows that foxq1a may have a role in modulating bacterial response, while both foxq1a and foxq1b are not required for the development of macrophages, neutrophils, and microglia. Considering the implicated role of FOXQ1 in a vast number of cancers and biological processes, the foxq1a and foxq1b null mutants from this study provide useful genetic models to further investigate FOXQ1 functions.
From Jericho to Jerusalem: The Good Samaritan from a Different Direction:

This article analyzes the parable of the Good Samaritan in the light of recent research on helping behavior. Unlike much research that attempts to explain why people might behave as the characters ...
National and Regional Housing Vacancy: Insights Using Markov-switching Models

Abstract We examine housing vacancy rates over time and space using Markov-switching models. Our theoretical analysis extends a standard search and matching model for housing by incorporating regime-switching behavior and interregional spillovers. Such an approach is strongly supported by our empirical results. Our estimations allow us to examine differences in vacancy rates as well as explore the possibility of asymmetries within and across housing markets, depending on the state/regime of a given housing market. Estimated vacancy rates, conditional on the vacancy regime, vary across regions in all models. Models allowing for interregional effects tend to perform better than models lacking this feature. These models track vacancies well. Noteworthy is their performance during the Great Recession/Financial Crisis. The importance and diversity of interregional effects are demonstrated, and vacancies in a specific Census region are affected by vacancies in other regions. Moreover, the sizes of these effects depend on the vacancy state of the specific region.
The formation of pyridine haemochromogen

1. Titration of haem with pyridine in alkaline media of low ionic strength yields a true pyridine haemochromogen, compound III, at very low concentrations of pyridine. 2. Graphical analysis of this titration gives the first spectrophotometric evidence for a dimeric haem. 3. Compound III is unstable and tends to aggregate to a second compound, compound II, whose formation is enhanced under those conditions favourable to hydrophobic bonding. 4. At higher concentrations of pyridine, compound II is dispersed to yield the classical pyridine haemochromogen, compound I, whose spectral properties are essentially those of pyridine haemochromogen in a non-aqueous medium.
Specificity and Stress Research

There are a number of different ways in which the psychological and physiological aspects of behavior have been interrelated. The connection between the two domains is fundamental. It is the distinction between them that is artificial. Yet there is some administrative virtue in partitioning the unitary responses of a human being or an animal into components that follow disciplinary lines. Each discipline—physiology, endocrinology, psychology, anthropology, and so forth—tends to focus on its aspect of the integrated biobehavioral response with its own set of questions and investigative concepts and techniques. This chapter discusses one of the most common and important of the biobehavioral responses, namely, stress. The perspective will be psychological, and the question to be examined will be the source of individual differences in the diverse factors believed to enter into the stress system.
Theoretical Studies of Sodium Water Clusters: Their Ionization and Excitation Energies

Large basis set ab initio calculations of Na(H20)n clusters with n=1 to 4 were performed. The sodium-monoremic water water cluster yields an ionization potential of 4.10 eV (SCF) or 4.34eV (MP2) in excellent agreement with the experimental value of 4. 379 eV. Energetic and structural details for the larger clusters are also presented.
Indications and Guidelines for Performance of Transesophageal Echocardiography in Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Acquired Heart Disease

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) represents a specialized application of ultrasound with significant benefits in the anatomic, functional, and hemodynamic assessment of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). This imaging modality is also known to play an important role in the management of children with acquired heart disease. The indications for transesophageal imaging in children with conditions or diseases of the cardiovascular system as well as in adults with CHD have evolved over the years. In general, in the current medical era the indications can be categorized into those related to diagnostic evaluation, perioperative assessment, and monitoring during interventions. As the technology has advanced and the use of this imaging approach has become widespread, guidelines for training and performance of TEE in these patient groups have been developed.
Expression of a constitutive form of calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II leads to arrest of the cell cycle in G2.

Abstract Calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase. We have created a calcium/calmodulin independent form of this enzyme by truncation. Expression of this enzyme fragment in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate yields a constitutive enzyme with specific activity similar to the activated native enzyme. We have established mammalian cell lines that transiently express this constitutive enzyme using the glucocorticoid-inducible mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat. The transient increase in kinase activity results in a complete cessation of cell cycle progression. This block develops as a consequence of a specific arrest of the cell cycle in G2. During the block, increases in histone H1 kinase activity present in p13 beads or anti-cdc2 immunoprecipitates are seen in parallel with the accumulation of cells at G2, arguing that the arrest is not due to a failure to activate cdc2 as a histone H1 kinase. These results suggest that other changes in serine/threonine protein phosphorylation besides those involved in activation of cdc2 as a histone H1 kinase may be necessary for proper G2-M transition.
A Proposal of New Classification for Dental Implant Complications.

Aim The aims of this study are to review the available literature related to implant complications and propose a new classification method for dental implant complications. Materials and methods Dental literature was reviewed via PubMed focusing on articles published in English, which included data regarding dental implants, complications, and classification from January 2000 to January 2018. The author, who has experience with implant placement and restorations for 15 years, and ten of his colleagues, formed a list of implant complications that they have encountered in their practices. Results After 3,736 articles were found in the initial search, a total of 613 potentially relevant review articles were identified in the database. After the full-text analysis of 25 articles, only 6 review articles with complication classifications were utilized in this study. In addition, a clinically based classification named "Turkyilmaz's Classification of Implant Complications" including three categories was created. Types of complications in these three groups (Mild, Moderate, and Severe) were listed, and some of them were illustrated. Also, recommendations for clinicians were made on how to avoid these problems and/or overcome them. Conclusion It has been suggested that categorical data regarding complications of dental implants are limited, and the new complication classification presented in this article may help clinicians identify and overcome commonly encountered implant complications. Clinical significance For clinicians, it is important to know possible complications regarding dental implants. In this article, a group of dentists created and suggested a new classification for implant complications, which may help clinicians identify commonly encountered complications and how to handle them in the clinic.
Theorizing fat oppression: Intersectional approaches and methodological innovations

ABSTRACTThe oppression of fat people is built into institutions, pervades the cultural landscape, and affects the relationships and perceptions of people of size. In this introduction to the specia...
A Systematic Review of Behavioral Intervention Technologies for Youth With Chronic Health Conditions and Physical and Intellectual Disabilities: Implications for Adolescents and Young Adults With Spina Bifida.

Objective Behavioral intervention technologies (BITs) stand as a promising delivery mechanism that overcomes multiple condition-specific and access barriers for self-management interventions for adolescents and young adults with spina bifida (AYA-SB). The purpose of the current review was to synthesize the behavioral and self-management intervention literature in conditions that have overlapping symptoms with youth with SB and to develop a model of likely user needs for AYA-SB that promotes self-management. Method The search strategy was conducted by a medical research librarian in the following databases: MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Elsevier), PsycINFO (EbscoHost), the Cochrane Library (Wiley), and Web of Science (Thomson Reuters) databases. The review was based on a systematic narrative synthesis framework and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (registration number CRD42018092342). Results In total, 18 articles were included in the current BIT review. The majority of included studies (1) targeted the management of chronic health conditions, (2) were informed by evidence-based approaches, (3) relied on content delivery, (4) were Web-based, (5) used linear or user-driven workflows, (6) included professional human support, and (7) included a control condition. Conclusions Many of the evaluated BITs resulted in acceptable usage and maintained or improved targeted symptoms. A user needs model for AYA-SB is proposed with the intention that future research will promote further refinement and ultimate deployment of a BIT for AYA-SB to promote self-management.
Clinical and Immunologic Characterization of MRI-Defined Phenotypes in Multiple Sclerosis: a Longitudinal Study (P2.371)

Objective: To investigate the longitudinal stability, clinical relevance, and microRNA characterization of MRI-defined phenotypes in multiple sclerosis (MS). Background: MS manifests on MRI scans as multifocal demyelinating T2-hyperintensities and diffuse progressive atrophy, which are at least partially independent processes. Design/Methods: In 153 patients on the relapsing spectrum of MS, clinical and MRI data were available at baseline and 5 years later. Cerebral T2 hyperintense lesion volume (T2LV) and brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) were used to define MRI phenotypes as: Type I: low T2LV, low atrophy; Type IV: opposite of Type I; Type II: high T2LV, low atrophy; Type III: low T2LV, high atrophy. Serum microRNAs (miRNAs) were assessed on a second MS cohort with 2-year stability of the MRI phenotypes. Results: Baseline phenotypes were: Type I (n=57), Type II (n=24), Type III (n=26), and Type IV (n=46). Thus, 33% of subjects showed a lesion-atrophy dissociation. At 5-years, all types experienced on-study brain atrophy (p Conclusions: MRI-defined MS phenotypes support the partial independence of cerebral lesions and atrophy; longitudinal analysis suggests high conversion rates along two distinct pathways to terminal phenotypes. MicroRNAs differ among these phenotypes with a particular role suggested for immune pathways involving blood-brain barrier integrity. Study Supported by: AAN Disclosure: Dr. Hemond has nothing to disclose. Dr. Healy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tauhid has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mazzola has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ghandi has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Employed by Sanofi Genzyme starting September 10th, 2017. Dr. Ghandi has received research support from Biogen, Sanofi-Genzyme, and Novartis. Dr. Weiner has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bakshi has nothing to disclose.
Public‐private partnerships in transplant drug development

The Transplant Therapeutics Consortium (TTC), a public-private partnership (PPP) led by the Critical Path Institute (C-Path), recently published a whitepaper titled "The Importance of Drug Safety and Tolerability in the Development of New Immunosuppressive Therapy for Transplant Recipients" by Stegall et al in the American Journal of Transplantation. As staff members of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Office of New Drugs and Office of Translational Science, and the Oncology Center of Excellence, we would like to provide our perspective on the TTCs efforts and the whitepaper.
ABSORPTION SPECTRUM OF U$sup 4+$ IN ZIRCON (ZrSiO$sub 4$).

The electronic energy levels of ${\mathrm{U}}^{4+}$ in ZrSi${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ have been obtained from the absorption spectra of oriented single crystals. This host was chosen because of the relatively high (${D}_{2d}$) symmetry of the ${\mathrm{Zr}}^{4+}$ site occupied by the ${\mathrm{U}}^{4+}$ ion. Spectra were obtained at a number of temperatures between 4 and 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. By means of polarization selection rules, electronic energy levels were identified according to their irreducible representations; then the Slater integrals ${F}_{k}$, the spin-orbit parameter ${\ensuremath{\zeta}}_{5f}$, and the crystal-field parameters were determined by a least-squares fit. Because of the large crystal field, it was necessary to diagonalize all these interactions within the $5{f}^{2}$ configuration. In all, 30 levels up to 24 000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ have been fitted to an average deviation of 110 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ by adjusting nine parameters. The results in ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, are ${F}_{2}=185.3$, ${F}_{4}=37.1$, ${F}_{6}=3.67$, ${\ensuremath{\zeta}}_{5f}=1780$, $A_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{0}〈{r}^{2}〉=\ensuremath{-}349$, $A_{4}^{}{}_{}{}^{0}〈{r}^{4}〉=400$, $A_{4}^{}{}_{}{}^{4}〈{r}^{4}〉=770$, $A_{6}^{}{}_{}{}^{0}〈{r}_{6}〉=\ensuremath{-}435$, and $A_{6}^{}{}_{}{}^{4}〈{r}_{6}〉=5.7$. The first four "free-ion" parameters are in good agreement with those determined for U$\mathrm{Cl}_{6}^{}{}_{}{}^{=}$ complexes. The ratios of the crystal-field parameters show large deviations from those calculated on a point-charge model, presumably because of the contribution of the polarization of the ligands.
David Oliver: Why force GP streaming on NHS emergency departments?

The government recently announced plans to expand GP streaming in emergency departments, after claims that it had reduced pressure on them. GP streaming was rolled out in 2017 when Simon Stevens, NHS chief executive, announced a plan to have it in place at all NHS hospitals with emergency departments.1 This would, he claimed, free up capacity in hospitals and cut overcrowding. Some £100m (€112m; $125m) of capital expenditure was set aside to upgrade facilities, and the initiative was then incorporated into the NHS 10 year plan.2 But what is GP streaming, and does it work? Stevens picked out Luton and Dunstable Hospital Trust as an exemplar, after its emergency department showed dramatically improved performance against waiting time targets despite considerable local demand.1 GP streaming had been a key part of this very local improvement drive. So, what had Luton done? The model …
National Landscape of Unplanned 30-Day Readmission Rates for Acute Non-hemorrhagic Diverticulitis: Insight from National Readmission Database

Early readmissions are an important indicator of the quality of care. Limited data exist describing hospital readmissions in acute diverticulitis. The study aimed to describe unplanned, 30-day readmissions among adult acute diverticulitis patients and to assess readmission predictors. We analyzed the 2013 and 2014 United States National Readmission Database and identified acute diverticulitis admissions using administrative codes in adult patients older than 18 years of age. Our primary outcome was a 30-day, unplanned readmission rate. We used Chi-square tests, t tests, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for descriptive analyses and survey logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals for associations with readmissions adjusting for confounders. In the cohort of 364,511 hospitalizations with acute diverticulitis, as the primary diagnosis on index admission, 31,420 (8.6%) had at least one unplanned 30-day readmission. Sixty percent of the readmissions occurred within the first 2 weeks of the index admission. The most common reasons for unplanned 30-day readmission were due to diverticulitis of the colon (41.5%), postoperative infection (4.2%), septicemia (3.6%), intestinal infection due to Clostridium difficile (3%), and other digestive system complications such bleeding or fistula (2.8%). Multivariable analysis showed advance age (> 75 years), discharge against medical advice, comorbidities (renal failure, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, weight loss, chronic lung disease, malignancy), blood transfusion, Medicare and Medicaid insurance, and increased length of stay (> 3 days) were associated with significantly higher odds for readmission. Patients who have undergone abdominal surgery during index admission were 31% less likely to get readmitted. On a national level, 1 in 11 hospitalizations for acute diverticulitis was followed by unplanned readmission within 30 days with most admissions occurring in the first 2 weeks. Multiple modifiable and non-modifiable factors influencing readmission rates were noted. Further studies should examine if strategies that address these predictors can decrease readmissions.
Asymmetric Catalysis upon Helically Chiral Loratadine Analogues Unveils Enantiomer-Dependent Antihistamine Activity

Analogues of the conformationally dynamic Claritin (loratadine) and Clarinex (desloratadine) scaffolds have been enantio- and chemoselectively N-oxidized using an aspartic acid containing peptide catalyst to afford stable, helically chiral products in up to >99:1 er. The conformational dynamics and enantiomeric stability of the N-oxide products have been investigated experimentally and computationally with the aid of crystallographic data. Furthermore, biological assays show that rigidifying the core structure of loratadine and related analogues through N-oxidation affects antihistamine activity in an enantiomer-dependent fashion. Computational docking studies illustrate the observed activity differences.
Understanding Hospice Patients’ Beliefs About Their Life Expectancy: A Qualitative Interview Study:

Background:Patients with advanced disease often overestimate their life expectancy, which potentially impacts decision making.Objective:To examine the nature and source of hospice patients’ life ex...
Experimentation Strategies and Technological Change

At the heart of every company’s ability to innovate lies a process of experimentation that enables the organization to create and refine its products and services2. In fact, no product can be a product without it first having been an idea subsequently shaped through experimentation. Today, a major development project involves literally thousands of experiments, all with the same objective: to learn, through rounds of organized testing, whether the product concept or proposed technical solution holds promise for addressing a need or problem. The information derived from each round is then incorporated into the next set of experiments, until the final product ultimately results. In short, innovations do not arrive fully fledged but are nurtured—through an experimentation process that takes place in laboratories and development organizations.
Programming Approach to Urban Transit Planning

A mathematical programming model based on the objective of maximizing net social benefits is developed to evaluate the effect of introducing a personal rapid transit system into the Minneapolis transit environment. The initial solution modeled on the Minneapolis Cordon Count considers the model characteristics of a system consisting of auto, bus, and PRT. The assumption that the demand for transit is a given function of transit characteristics underlies the derivation. The two characteristics of fare and time per trip are considered. Two sets of simulations are conducted. The first consists of the analysis of changes in transit demand. The second consists of changing the modal service characteristics which involves changing the average trip time. The major conclusions are: (1) the introduction of PRT is likely to result in a greater relative reduction of automobile than in bus use; (2) changes in PRT demand and efficiency have small effects on auto and bus use; and (3) reduction in the relative time of a bus trip is likely to be the key to increasing bus utilization.
Multi-touch 3D exploratory analysis of ocean flow models

Modern ocean flow simulations are generating increasingly complex, multi-layer 3D ocean flow models. However, most researchers are still using traditional 2D visualizations to visualize these models one slice at a time. Properly designed 3D visualization tools can be highly effective for revealing the complex, dynamic flow patterns and structures present in these models. However, the transition from visualizing ocean flow patterns in 2D to 3D presents many challenges, including occlusion and depth ambiguity. Further complications arise from the interaction methods required to navigate, explore, and interact with these 3D datasets. We present a system that employs a combination of stereoscopic rendering, to best reveal and illustrate 3D structures and patterns, and multi-touch interaction, to allow for natural and efficient navigation and manipulation within the 3D environment. Exploratory visual analysis is facilitated through the use of a highly-interactive toolset which leverages a smart particle system. Multi-touch gestures allow users to quickly position dye emitting tools within the 3D model. Finally, we illustrate the potential applications of our system through examples of real world significance.
Effects of Developmental Alcohol Exposure on Potentiation and Depression of Visual Cortex Responses

Background Neuronal plasticity deficits are thought to underlie abnormal neurodevelopment in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and in animal models of this condition. Previously, we found that alcohol exposure during a period that is similar to the last months of gestation in humans disrupts ocular dominance plasticity (ODP), as measured in superficial cortical layers. We hypothesize that exposure to alcohol can differentially affect the potentiation and depression of responses that are necessary for activity-dependent sprouting and pruning of neuronal networks. ODP is an established paradigm that allows the assessment of activity-dependent depression and potentiation of responses in vivo. Methods Mouse pups were exposed to 3.6 to 5 g/kg of ethanol in saline daily or every other day between postnatal days 4 and 9. Visual cortex plasticity was then assessed during the critical period for ODP using 2 techniques that separately record in layers 4 (visually evoked potentials [VEPs]) and 2/3 (optical imaging of intrinsic signals [OI]). Results We discovered a layer-specific effect of early alcohol exposure. Recording of VEPs from layer 4 showed that while the potentiation component of ODP was disrupted in animals treated with alcohol when compared with saline controls, the depression component of ODP (Dc-ODP) was unaltered. In contrast, OI from layers 2/3 showed that Dc-ODP was markedly disrupted in alcohol-treated animals when compared with controls. Conclusions Combined with our previous work, these findings strongly suggest that developmental alcohol exposure has a distinct and layer-specific effect on the potentiation and depression of cortical responses after monocular deprivation.
Robustness of linear systems against parametric uncertainties: towards consistent stability indicators

The currently proposed techniques to perform frequency-domain stability analysis against real parametric variations fail, because "discontinuities" of the real stability margin prevent straightforward frequency gridding techniques to work properly. In this paper, we present new robustness indicators that consistently detect these discontinuities.
Gastric emptying and antral motility in reflux esophagitis: Effect of oral metoclopramide

The gastric emptying of the liquid phase of a meal and the fasting antral contractility were studied in 13 patients with reflux esophagitis and in 9 age-matched control subjects. Gastric emptying half-time (t 1/2) in reflux esophagitis patients was no different from that of control subjects (P less than 0.30). Antral contractility (number of antral contractions and the cumulative antral activity), however, was lower in reflux esophagitis patients than in control subjects (P less than 0.001). Oral metoclopramide (15 mg) accelerated gastric emptying, increased the number of antral contractions as well as the cumulative antral activity in patients with reflux esophagitis (P less than 0.001). However, it only increased the cumulative antral activity in normal subjects (P less than 0.01). These results suggest that metoclopramide may be potentially beneficial to reflux esophagitis patients by reducing the volume of gastric contents available for gastroesophageal reflux.
Endogenous BDNF augments NMDA receptor phosphorylation in the spinal cord via PLCγ, PKC, and PI3K/Akt pathways during colitis

Spinal central sensitization is an important process in the generation and maintenance of visceral hypersensitivity. The release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) from the primary afferent neurons to the spinal cord contributes to spinal neuronal plasticity and increases neuronal activity and synaptic efficacy. The N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor possesses ion channel properties, and its activity is modulated by phosphorylation of its subunits including the NMDA receptor 1 (NR1). Colonic inflammation was induced by a single dose of intracolonic instillation of tri-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). NR1 phosphorylation by BDNF in vivo and in culture was examined by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Signal transduction was studied by direct examination and use of specific inhibitors. During colitis, the level of NR1 phospho-Ser896 was increased in the dorsal horn region of the L1 and S1 spinal cord; this increase was attenuated by injection of BDNF neutralizing antibody to colitic animals (36 μg/kg, intravenous (i.v.)) and was also reduced in BDNF+/− rat treated with TNBS. Signal transduction examination showed that the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation was not involved in BDNF-induced NR1 phosphorylation. In contrast, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway mediated BDNF-induced NR1 phosphorylation in vivo and in culture; this is an additional pathway to the phospholipase C-gamma (PLCγ) and the protein kinase C (PKC) that was widely considered to phosphorylate NR1 at Ser896. In spinal cord culture, the inhibitors to PLC (U73122), PKC (bisindolylmaleimide I), and PI3K (LY294002), but not MEK (PD98059) blocked BDNF-induced NR1 phosphorylation. In animals with colitis, treatment with LY294002 (50 μg/kg, i.v.) blocked the Akt activity as well as NR1 phosphorylation at Ser896 in the spinal cord. BDNF participates in colitis-induced spinal central sensitization by up-regulating NR1 phosphorylation at Ser896. The PI3K/Akt pathway, in addition to PLCγ and PKC, mediates BDNF action in the spinal cord during colitis.
Morphological Measures of Non-Gaussianity in Cosmic Microwave Background Maps

We discuss the tests of non-Gaussianity in CMB maps using morphological statistics known as Minkowski functionals. As an example we test degree-scale cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy for Gaussianity by studying the QMASK map that was obtained from combining the QMAP and Saskatoon data. We compute seven morphological functions MiðDTÞ, i ¼ 1; ... ; 7: six Minkowski functionals and the number of regions Nc at a hundred DT levels. We also introduce a new parameterization of the morphological functions MiðAÞ in terms of the total area A of the excursion set. We show that the latter considerably decorrelates the morphological statistics and makes them more robust because they are less sensitive to the measurements at extreme levels. We compare these results with those from 1000 Gaussian Monte Carlo maps with the same sky coverage, noise properties, and power spectrum and conclude that the QMASK map is neither a very typical nor a very exceptional realization of a Gaussian field. At least about 20% of the 1000 Gaussian Monte Carlo maps differ more than the QMASK map from the mean morphological parameters of the Gaussian fields. Subject headings: cosmic microwave background — cosmology: theory
Measurement of Internal Substrate Binding in Dehaloperoxidase–Hemoglobin by Competition with the Heme–Fluoride Binding Equilibrium

The application of fluoride anion as a probe for investigating the internal substrate binding has been developed and applied to dehaloperoxidase–hemoglobin (DHP) from Amphitrite ornata. By applying the fluoride titration strategy using UV–vis spectroscopy, we have studied series of halogenated phenols, other substituted phenols, halogenated indoles, and several natural amino acids that bind internally (and noncovalently) in the distal binding pocket of the heme. This approach has identified 2,4-dibromophenol (2,4-DBP) as the tightest binding substrate discovered thus far, with approximately 20-fold tighter binding affinity than that of 4-bromophenol (4-BP), a known internally binding inhibitor in DHP. Combined with resonance Raman spectroscopy, we have confirmed that competitive binding equilibria exist between fluoride anion and internally bound molecules. We have further investigated the hydrogen bonding network of the active site of DHP that stabilizes the exogenous fluoride ligand. These measurements ...
The Use of an Exact Solution of the Navier–Stokes Equations in a Validation Test of a Three-Dimensional Nonhydrostatic Numerical Model

Abstract An exact analytic solution of the Navier–Stokes equations is used to validate a three-dimensional nonhydrostatic numerical flow model, the Advanced Regional Prediction System developed at the Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms. The exact solution is a viscously decaying extension of a Beltrami flow used in previous studies of thunderstorm rotation, and consists of a periodic array of counterrotating updrafts and downdrafts. This flow is noteworthy in that it is three-dimensional, free of singularities, and satisfies the Navier–Stokes equations with nontrivial (i.e., nonvanishing) inertial terms. The simple form of the analytic solution and its provision for arbitrarily large spatial gradients suggest its potential utility in validating numerical flow models and in testing the relative merits of various numerical solution algorithms.
The function of a vocal display of the lizard Hemidactylus frenatus (Sauria: Gekkonidae)

Abstract An experimental procedure was devised to test the functional significance of the multiple chirp call (MC call) of Hemidactylus frenatus . The call was played to individual females and males in a choice situation. Females made no directed response to the male MC call, and seemed weakly stimulated to move. Males gave a significant negative response to the call and demonstrated more movement. The results of this study are compared to results of similar work with anuran amphibians and diurnal lizards.
Influence of tetracycline resistance on the transport of manure-derived Escherichia coli in saturated porous media

In this research, tetracycline resistant (tet(R)) and tetracycline susceptible (tet(S)) Escherichia coli isolates were retrieved from dairy manure and the influence of tetracycline resistance on the transport of E. coli in saturated porous media was investigated through laboratory column transport experiments. Experimental results showed that tet(R)E. coli strains had higher mobility than the tet(S) strains in saturated porous media. Measurements of cell surface properties suggested that tet(R)E. coli strains exhibited lower zeta potentials than the tet(S) strains. Because the surface of clean quartz sands is negatively charged, the repulsive electrostatic double layer (EDL) interaction between the tet(R) cells and the surface of sands was stronger and thus facilitated the transport of the tet(R) cells. Although no difference was observed in surface acidity, cell size, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) sugar content and cell-bound protein levels between the tet(R) and tet(S) strains, they displayed distinct outer membrane protein (OMP) profiles. It was likely that the difference in OMPs, some potentially related to drug efflux pumps, between the tet(R) and tet(S) strains led to alteration in cell surface properties which in turn affected cell transport in saturated porous media. Findings from this research suggested that manure-derived tet(R)E. coli could spread more widely in the groundwater system and pose serious public health risks.
The photosynthetic President: Converting sunshine into popularity

Abstract This paper tests the proposition that public opinion can be measurably influenced by sunlight. Specifically, it hypothesizes that sunlight should boost Presidential approval ratings because sunlight generally makes people happy and optimistic. Analysis reveals that, in spring and winter, survey respondents are indeed more likely to indicate approval of the President on sunny days than on cloudy days, even after controlling for demographic, ideological, and geographic predictors of approval. This paper is organized into three sections. The first draws on academic literature from sociology, economics, psychology, psychiatry, and political science to explain how sunlight should affect survey response. Section 2 describes the data employed to test the proposition that sunlight boosts Presidential approval. Results and conclusions are discussed in Section 3 .
BV-Ellipticity and Lower Semicontinuity of Surface Energy of Caccioppoli Partitions of ℝ n

We give a new proof that BV-ellipticity is sufficient for lower semicontinuity of surface energy of Caccioppoli partitions of ℝn, for any n≥2, with respect to convergence in volume. BV-ellipticity, introduced by L. Ambrosio and A. Braides two decades ago, is the only condition known to be necessary and sufficient for lower semicontinuity in the context of Caccioppoli partitions of ℝn; it is analogous, for this setting, to C.B. Morrey’s quasi-convexity. We also show, for the first time, that BV-ellipticity suffices for lower semicontinuity with respect to weaker notions of convergence involving the weak and flat topologies on integral currents.
High-temperature superconductivity: Mind the pseudogap.

The discovery of predicted collective electronic behaviour in copper-oxide superconductors in the non-superconducting state provides clues to unlocking the 24-year-old mystery of high-temperature superconductivity. See Letter p.283 The pseudogap phenomenon, a discontinuity in the energy level of a material's electronic spectrum, is a universal characteristic of the high transition temperature (Tc) copper oxides. The nature of the pseudogap has been a central question in condensed matter physics for more than a decade, but many of its properties remain unexplained. Recent studies have pointed to the universal existence of an unusual magnetic order below T*, the temperature below which the anomalous properties associated with the pseudogap become apparent. If confirmed, this would have the profound implication that the pseudogap regime constitutes a genuine new phase of matter rather than a mere crossover phenomenon. The results of inelastic neutron scattering experiments on the superconductor HgBa2CuO4+δ (Hg1201) now reveal a fundamental collective magnetic mode associated with the unusual order, providing further support for this picture.
Koszul Modules and Gorenstein Algebras

Abstract I first define Koszul modules, which are a generalization to arbitrary rank of complete intersections. After a study of some of their properties, it is proved that Gorenstein algebras of codimension one or two over a local or graded CM ring are Koszul modules, thus generalizing a well known statement for rank one modules. The general techniques used to describe Koszul modules are then used to obtain a structure theorem for Gorenstein algebras in codimension one and two, over a local or graded CM ring.
Lower esophageal ring: endoscopic and therapeutic aspects

The endoscopic and therapeutic aspects of lower esophageal ring (LER) were examined in 34 patients. Nine symptomatic patients were treated with bougienage; 7 responded satisfactorily, and 2 required pneumatic dilation. After successful disruption of the ring, symptoms recurred in only 1 patient.
Identification of a 14 kDa FK-506/rapamycin binding immunophilin from calf thymus.

Abstract Specific binding proteins (immunophilins, 12–17 kDa) have been described in the cytosol for the immunosuppressant drugs cyclosporine, FK-506, and rapamycin. We describe the identification of a low abundant minor immunophilin (14 kDa) from calf thymus. Saturation experiments using dihydro[ 3 ]-FK-506 gave a K d of 2 n M and the B max nmol/mg protein. At saturation, 71.3 nmol of FK-506 is bound per mg of the 14 kDa protein (71 nmol) giving a drug/protein ratio of 1.0. Competition experiments using 3 H-dihydro FK-506 and rapamycin showed dis placement of rapamycin, with K d in the range of 40 n M . The 14 kDa immunophilin does not have peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity with any of the four substrates investigated. Initial amino acid analysis and protein sequencing data indicate that the immunophilin is different from both the 12 kDa FK-506 binding protein and any other known protein.
Anodic amide oxidations: a novel synthesis of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor A58365A

Abstract An anodic amide oxidation based annulation procedure for fusing lactam rings onto amines has been used to construct the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor A58365A.
Hidden in the Mix: The African American Presence in Country Music Diane Pecknold, Editor. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2013.

Hidden in the Mix: The African American Presence in Country Music Diane Pecknold, Editor. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2013.This insightful and effective collection is an important contribution to American cultural studies, detailing key musical histories that will be especially vital for popular music studies and country music studies. Editor Diane Pecknold introduces the volume's goal of tracing "a series of rich, varied, and geographically diffuse black country traditions" from the "precommercial era" through the twentieth century (1). Taking her cue from Toni Morrison's Playing in the Dark (1992), Pecknold notes that while scholarship has identified how African American performers influenced white peers (such as Lesley Riddle influencing A.P. Carter and Tee Tot Payne teaching Hank Williams), that focus on how cultural ideas of blackness have helped shape white identity fails to account for the subjectivity and traditions of African American artists. This collection joins a new wave of scholarship trying to address how country music came to be stereotypically associated with whites and how African American musicians and fans have a long history of engaging with the genre in ways that have not been fully recorded. The essays not only fill in a history of African American country music traditions, they also assess how race and genre get conflated, how country music functioned as a discourse that constructed race, and how racism has impacted the country music industry over time (in commercial interests, segregation and racial discrimination, etc.).In an important essay in part one, Pecknold analyzes Ray Charles's 1962 album, Modem Sounds in Country and Western Music, demonstrating how the music industry mapped class and region onto unstable ideas of racialized genres. Building on her key work on the Nashville Sound, Pecknold shows how the albumwas used as part of the country music industry's efforts to establish class respectability (the Country Music Association's appeals to a countrypolitan, urbane audience) and more recently to de-whiten the genre in problematic ways that elide past racism. Examining commercially recorded hillbilly music prior to 1933, Patrick Huber outlines how African American artists had a bigger role in these recordings than critics previously thought. Two essays that explore the musical importance of African American country performers round out this section, with Erika Brady assessing instrumentalist Arnold Shultz and Jeffrey A. Keith discussing fiddler Bill Livers.Part 2 traces out the musical tradition to the present and includes two especially important essays about how race gets constructed as a category through discourses like popular music and how artists can resist popular conflations of race and genre. …
The behavioral effects of sertraline, fluoxetine, and paroxetine differ on the differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate 72-second operant schedule in the rat.

Rationale: Recent evidence indicates that specific serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are not a clinically or experimentally homogeneous class of drugs. Because the differential- reinforcement-of-low-rates 72-second (DRL 72-s) operant schedule has been extensively used as a screen for antidepressant effects of drugs, different SSRIs were compared on the task to further examine their behavioral effects. Objectives: These experiments were designed with two main purposes in mind: first, to determine whether all three SSRIs tested would produce antidepressant-like effects on the DRL 72-s (as measured primarily by an increase in reinforcement rate) and, second, to identify differences between the drugs using peak-deviation analysis of inter-response times (IRTs). Methods: Different groups of rats were injected with one of three SSRIs: fluoxetine, sertraline, or paroxetine. Following drug administration, rats were tested on the DRL 72-s operant schedule. Results: All three SSRIs produced significant increases in reinforcement rate, but only sertraline and fluoxetine significantly decreased response rate. Additionally, paroxetine was observed to disrupt the pattern of responding as indicated by decreases in peak area (PkA). Sertraline and paroxetine, but not fluoxetine, produced increases in peak location (PkL). Conclusions: These results indicate that, although SSRIs are correctly identified as antidepressants by the DRL 72-s operant schedule, they may exert their effects in subtly different ways, as indicated by the differences observed to exist between the drugs. It appears unlikely that the behavioral effects of the SSRIs are attributable solely to 5-HT transporter binding. Instead, the differential behavioral effects may be the result of a combination of factors, including 5-HT transporter binding, 5-HT1A autoreceptor activation, and binding to other receptors.
6.7 A 2.3mW 11cm-range bootstrapped and correlated-double-sampling (BCDS) 3D touch sensor for mobile devices

Contactless (3D) touch sensors, when integrated with displays, offer many advantages over that of conventional touch-panel screens by offering a more hygienic and a more immersive & interactive human/machine interface for 3D user experiences [1]. While significant progress has been made in developing 3D contactless touch sensors for larger television and monitor type displays [2-3], the technology has yet to be infused into space- and battery-constrained mobile devices (i.e., tablets and smartphones). For successful insertions into these systems, a paradigm shift in touch-sensor system design is essential to enable seamless sensing operations with smaller-size, more tightly spaced, strongly coupled, and highly resistive display electrodes. In addition, any successful 3D sensing solution for mobile devices must consume low power and small silicon area to be compatible with limited battery and space resources.