cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Left ventricular stiffness during diastole and systole: the influence of changes in volume and inotropic state

A new technique has been developed to investigate in vivo the mechanical properties of the left ventricle during both diastole and systole. A flow-pulse generator was used to induce sinusoidal volume changes of constant amplitude into an isovolumically contracting left ventricle at a frequency several times greater than that of the heart. The resulting peak-to-peak pressure changes were used to determine volume stiffness or elastance, the ratio of the change in pressure to the change in volume. Determination of volume stiffness was made possible by subtraction of an averaged unperturbed pressure cycle from a comparable perturbed cycle obtained during use of the flow-pulse generator. The individual effects on volume stiffness of changes in ventricular volume, heart rate, and noradrenaline were studied. For these interventions, a single linear relationship between volume stiffness and ventricular pressure was established for any given dog. An increase in ventricular volume and in heart rate and the administration of noradrenaline resulted in higher values of peak systolic pressure and volume stiffness. Diastolic increases in pressure and stiffness were elicited by larger ventricular volumes and by certain higher heart rates.
Perioperative and long-term outcomes from the management of parasagittal meningiomas invading the superior sagittal sinus.

Background Parasagittal meningiomas invading the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) pose formidable obstacles to surgical management. Invasion is often considered a contraindication to surgery because of associated morbidity, such as cerebral venous thrombosis. Objective We report our most recent experience with the resection of parasagittal meningiomas invading the SSS. Methods Between 1992 and 2004, 110 patients with parasagittal meningiomas underwent surgery at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions. Clinical charts, radiological studies, pathological features, and operative notes were retrospectively analyzed; only those patients with minimum 24 months follow-up (n = 61) were further studied. Results Tumor distribution by location along the SSS was: 21% anterior, 62% middle, and 17% posterior. All patients were managed with initial surgical resection with radiosurgery for residual/recurrent disease if indicated (19.6%). Pathological examination revealed 80% grade I meningiomas, 13% grade II meningiomas, and 7% grade III meningiomas. Simpson grade I/II resection was achieved in 81% of patients. Major complications included venous thrombosis/infarction (7%), intraoperative air embolism (1.5%), and death (1.5%); long-term outcomes assessed included recurrence (11%) and improvement in Karnofsky Performance Score (85%). Conclusion On the basis of our study, the incidence of postoperative venous sinus thrombosis is 7% in the setting of a recurrence rate of 11% with a mean follow-up of 41 months. In comparison with the published literature, the data corroborate the rationale for our treatment paradigm; lesions invading the sinus can initially be resected to the greatest extent possible without excessive manipulation of vascular structures, whereas residual/recurrent disease can be observed and managed with radiosurgery.
Making Marx Accessible: Understanding Alienated Labor through Experiential Learning

We introduce an exercise designed to make Marx’s theory of alienated labor accessible to students in a Sociology of Work class. Through a role-playing activity where students create and sell goods under conditions of both alienated and nonalienated labor, students actually experience the different material and social consequences of these conditions. The article briefly describes the exercise and shows how it can be used with Marx’s original writings. We assess the effectiveness of the exercise, using students’ answers to open-ended questions about the activity, and discuss possible limitations.
Restrained eating behavior and the metabolic response to dietary energy restriction in women.

KEIM, NANCY L., AND WILLIAM F. HORN. Restrained eating behavior and the metabolic response to dietary energy restriction in women. Obes Res. 2004;12:141–149. Objective: To determine whether prior eating behavior characterized by dietary restraint alters responses in energy expenditure and substrate oxidation associated with a shortterm, energy-restricted diet. Research Methods and Procedures: A repeated-measures, 3-day diet-intervention study of adequate (125 kJ/kg of body weight) or restricted (62.5 kJ/kg) energy intake was conducted with 30 women, 20 to 46 years, BMI 25 to 45 kg/m 2 , whose prior eating behavior was “restrained” or “unrestrained.” The Eating Inventory (cognitive restraint subscale) was used to measure restrained eating behavior. Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were measured after a 12-hour fast and during the first and fourth hours after a standard meal. Plasma glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, and insulin were measured at corresponding times. Body composition was determined by total body electrical conductivity. Results: Resting energy expenditure was not affected by 3 days of energy restriction. Short-term energy restriction resulted in lower respiratory-exchange ratios, higher rates of fat oxidation, and lower rates of carbohydrate oxidation. Subjects classified as restrained eaters had higher postprandial respiratory-exchange ratios and carbohydrate-oxidation rates compared with unrestrained eaters. Fasting insulin concentrations were lower in restrained eaters. These effects associated with prior eating behavior were independent of the diet intervention. Discussion: Metabolic outcomes associated with a 3-day energy-restricted diet (i.e., increased fat oxidation and decreased carbohydrate oxidation) were not affected by prior restrained eating behavior. However, restrained eating behavior was associated with increased carbohydrate oxidation after a mixed meal. This effect of restrained eating behavior may be attributable to increased insulin sensitivity.
Effects of Tool Design and Friction Stir Welding Parameters on Weld Morphology in Aluminum Alloys

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a complex thermo-mechanical process which produces wrought microstructure with microstructural gradients in grain size, grain orientation, dislocation density, and precipitate distribution. The type and degree of microstructural modification is a function of the particular alloy chosen, its initial temper, the tool design and corresponding weld process parameter window, and other variables like material thickness, size, fixturing, etc. Since the microstructural changes produced can dramatically affect resultant mechanical performance and corrosion response, a thorough understanding of the variables involved in those changes is needed. A design of experiments approach was used to study the effects of welding parameter selection on the microstructural changes wrought by FSW with two different sizes of the same FSW tool design. A combination of microhardness mapping and electrical conductivity testing was used to investigate potential differences. The importance of these factors and the means for characterizing them for developing standards and specifications are also discussed.
Automatic target recognition (ATR) performance improvement using integrated grayscale optical correlator and neural network

We have continued to develop the Grayscale Optical Correlator (GOC) system and have explored a variety of automatic target recognition (ATR) applications to take advantage of the inherent performance advantages of the GOC vast parallelism and high-speed [1-4]. Recently, we have added a neural network (NN) post-processor to greatly decrease the false positive detection rate while retaining the high positive detection rate obtained by the by the GOC. In this paper, we will discuss recent advancements in both the ATR processing algorithm development as well as an innovative breakthrough in designing new GOC hardware system architecture. First, we will briefly overview recent advances in our GOC and NN processor algorithm development. We will then present a new architecture that can lead to the mass production of a new generation of high-performance, low-cost Grayscale Optical Correlator. This new GOC architecture relies on the utilization of the maturing Digital Light Processor (DLP) as both the input and the filter Spatial Light Modulator (SLM). Detailed system description and performance analysis will also be reported.
Oligonucleotide photoproducts formed by photolysis of polyribobromouridylic acid.

— Polyribobromouridylic acid was irradiated with 313 nm light at an exposure of ˜ 190 pE/cm*. Oligonucleotides found after RNase hydrolysis of the photolysed poly-rBrU were isolated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and partially characterized. The dmucleo-tide fraction, found in highest amounts, was not susceptible to hydrolysis by KOH or snake venom phosphodiesterase and may contain a coupled photoproduct. The properties of the dinucleotide were not those of a molecule containing a cyclobutane-type dimer, but were compatible with the properties of a coupled product similar to 5–5′-diuracil. The trinucleotide fraction probably consisted of more than one component. One component may contain a dimeric photoproduct. The tetranucleotide material was sensitive to cleavage into fragments by KOH, and could consist of adjacent photoproducts of the types found in the di- and trinucleotide fractions. The photoproducts formed over a range of lower doses of light were found to have properties similar to those found at high doses.
The Demographics of Change: Enterprise Characteristics and Behaviors that Influence Transformation

Tolstoy asserts that happy families are all alike, but that every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way. Successful companies achieve strong performance based on many attributes–total revenue, current profitability, stock market valuation, and future potential profitability. Unsuccessful companies that experience decreases in these metrics may fail along any dimension, or combination of dimensions, for a wide range of reasons. We characterize the various combinations of changes, including explanations for how they arise, as the “demographics of change.” In this article, we elaborate the demographics of change by exploring companies’ changes in ranks and financial performance within two industry sectors: information technology and healthcare. We then pursue explanations of these changes using text mining of press releases, business news reports, and related materials to identify enterprise behaviors associated with changes in ranks and financial performance. The contribution of the article is in applyin...
Evaporative light scattering mass detection for high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of sucrose polyester blends in cooking oils

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described to determine the sucrose polyester (SPE) content in seven blends of cooking oils. Four gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) columns were used in series with an evaporative light scattering mass detector to separate the SPE from the acylglycerols in the final chromatogram. The SPE fraction was collected off the GPC column and injected onto a reverse-phase C-18 column for quantitation with sucrose octaacetate as an internal standard and a gradient of nonaqueous solvents as mobile phase. The chromatograms were interference-free, with only two sharp peaks appearing. The standards were linear from 500 to 5000 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of r=0.999. The mean percent recovery (n=9) and standard deviation were 102±6.7. The detector could detect amounts as low as 5 μg SPE.
Invasive electroencephalography monitoring: Indications and presurgical planning

Electroencephalography (EEG) remains a "gold standard" for defining seizures; hence identification of epileptogenic zone for surgical treatment of epilepsy requires precise electrographic localization of the seizures. Routine scalp EEG recording is not sufficient in many instances, such as extratemporal lobe epilepsy or non-lesional temporal lobe epilepsy. In these individuals EEG recording from proximity of the seizure focus is necessary, which can be achieved by placing electrodes on the surface or in the substance of the brain. As this process requires invasive procedures (usually necessitating surgical intervention) EEG obtained via these electrodes is defined as invasive electroencephalography (iEEG). As only limited areas of the brain can be covered by these electrodes in an individual, precise targeting of the presumed seizure onset location is crucial. The presurgical planning includes where to place electrodes, which type of the electrodes to choose and planned duration of the intracranial recording. Though there are general principles that guide such endeavor, each center does it slightly differently depending upon the various technologies available to them and expertise and preferences of the epilepsy surgery team. Here we describe our approach to iEEG recording. We briefly describe the background, types of iEEG recording and rationale for each, various electrode types, and scenarios where iEEG might be useful. We also describe planning of iEEG recording once the need has been established as well as our decision making process of deciding about location of electrode placement, type of electrodes to use, length of recording, choice of arrays, mapping of eloquent cortex and finally surgical planning and decisions.
The Significance of the Frankish Penitentials

It has been argued that the handbooks of penance known as the ‘Frankish’ penitentials, though ‘an important and necessary stage in the development of medieval church and society’, were an ‘ephemeral and ultimately despised intrusion’ into the Frankish Church of the eighth and ninth centuries. The importation of these books by Irish and Anglo-Saxon missionaries and the adverse reaction of the Frankish bishops to the Irish system of private penance which they introduced is a story too well known to require rehearsal here; after spreading rapidly in the eighth century the penitentials were challenged and condemned by several synods in the century which followed. This reaction had important consequences for the penitentials, to be sure, but to my knowledge it has not previously been asserted that the Frankish penitentials were merely transitional or that their impact on the Frankish Church was either peripheral or minimal. On the contrary, Fournier, Watkins and McNeill and Gamer, among others, believe the Carolin-gian era to have been heavily influenced by these texts and, in turn, to have been decisive in their development.
Longitudinal sound measurements on UPt3 in a magnetic field

Abstract A new feature (a peak) is found in the magnetic field dependence of the longitudinal ultrasound attenuation in UPt 3 . Below the peak, the attenuation varies linearly with field. Above the peak Δα = α ( H c 2 )- α ( H ) ∼( H c 2 - H ) 2 . The peak, at the change over from linear to parabolic behavior, may correspond to a phase transition in the vortex lattice.
There’s Something About Medicaid

In the thirty-seven years since its creation, Medicaid has grown in terms of whom it covers and what it costs. Current rates of Medicaid enrollment and cost growth are high relative to state budget capacity, but not by historical standards. The current Medicaid fiscal crisis is a result of weak state fiscal conditions and the gradual accretion of populations and services covered by Medicaid. States view Medicaid as an essential part of their current strategies to provide insurance to their low-income populations, cover the chronic care needs of people with disabilities and the elderly, and finance the health care safety net. Medicaid has accomplished much, and it can continue to do so if the underlying fiscal pressures and tensions built into it are addressed.
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Effects of Lethal Doses of Histamine and Compound 48/80 in Rabbits.

Summary1) In anesthetized rabbits, lethal doses of compound 48/80 produced marked depression of respiration with ensuing blood pressure changes that could be altered by administering artificial respiration. Blood pressure and electrocardiographic records in animals artificially respired soon after receiving doses several times the lethal dose revealed no evidence of adverse effects on the vascular system or on cardiac rate and rhythm. 2) Under similar conditions, however, a lethal dose of histamine produced a prompt and profound fall in blood pressure, marked changes in cardiac rate and rhythm and death despite artificial respiration. The effect appears to be primarily on the cardiovascular system. Respiratory effects are probably secondary to this main action. 3) The lethal action of 48/80 in rabbits is apparently not mediated by release of endogenous histamine since large doses do not elicit histamine-like responses.
Body weight and length of residence in the US among Chinese Americans.

Background It has been shown that as immigrants’ length of residence increases, so does their weight. However, little is known about factors associated with weight status among Chinese Americans, one of the fastest growing immigrant populations in the US. Methods Baseline data from a National Cancer Institute-funded longitudinal study involving a multi-stage probability sample of Chinese Americans residing in two communities in New York City were collected. Results Chinese Americans had a low BMI (mean = 22.81) and a lower proportion of obese individuals compared with other ethnic groups in the US reported in the literature. While the prevalence of being overweight (21%) and obese (2%) was low, length of residence was positively associated with weight status (P < 0.005). Conclusions Innovative strategies to help Chinese Americans maintain healthy weight status and to prevent them from becoming overweight and obese are needed.
DEVELOPMENT AND GRADING OF DUNES IN WESTERN KANSAS1

(1960). DEVELOPMENT AND GRADING OF DUNES IN WESTERN KANSAS1. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 216-241.
Analysis of variance methods for the design and analysis of Monte Carlo statistical studies

It was proposed that the data from Monte Carlo statistical investigations be subjected to analysis of variance methods rather than the conventional techniques of tabling, graphing, and inspecting the data. Two examples in which analysis of variance methods were applied to published Monte Carlo studies were presented. It was suggested that balanced factorial designs should be used whenever possible in Monte Carlo studies so that analysis of variance methods would be directly applicable. Finally, three advantages of analysis of variance methods over conventional techniques were described and analysis of variance methods were contrasted with a possible alternative analytical method, multiple regression analysis.
DIFFERENCES IN DIHYDROERGOTAMINE ANTAGONISM OF GLUCOSE RELEASE BY CATECHOLAMINES, GLUCAGON AND ADENOSINE 3′,5′‐MONOPHOSPHATE IN RABBIT LIVER SLICES

Abstract 1 Quantitative studies were made on the glucose release from rabbit liver slices in vitro induced by a range of concentrations of (-)-adrenaline (Ad), (-)-isoprenaline (Iso), glucagon and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in the presence and absence of several concentrations of dihydroergotamine (DHE). 2 DHE (3.16 X 10(-6) M) shifted the Ad log concentration-response (LCR) curve to the right and also reduced the maximum response; at a higher concentration (3.16 x 10(-5) M) it produced a greater shift to the right of the LCR curve and caused a reduction in the slope and a larger depression of the maximal responses. The LCR curve to Iso was similarly affected by this higher concentration of DHE. 3 DHE (1 X 10(-5) M) produced no significant effect on the LCR curves of glucagon or cyclic AMP and even at 1 x 10(-4) M DHE caused only a slight depression of the maximal responses to both agonists without any modification of the lower major portions of the curves. 4 These data indicate a selective antagonism by DHE at the rabbit liver adrenoceptor and, since the maximal responses to catecholamines were depressed by a lower concentration of DHE than was required to produce a slight depression of the responses to glucagon and cyclic AMP, the antagonism of DHE against catecholamines does not appear to be at a site beyond the formation of cyclic AMP, but rather at a site more intimately related to the adrenoceptor.
From discourse to semantics: the development of verb morphology and forms of self-reference in the speech of a two-year-old.

Recent linguistic studies have proposed that verb morphology has evolved to serve particular functions inherent to discourse. In this paper, an attempt is made to apply this proposal to the development of verb morphology in the spontaneous speech of a child from 1;10. 16 to 2;0.2. The question asked was whether there were any aspects of the child's discourse which may have been in part responsible for her differential use of verb morphology. To answer this question, a distributional analysis is presented of the child's speech in two different speech contexts: dialogue vs. crib-monologue. Despite the exiguous amount of data in the corpus, the analysis yields striking patterns of co-occurrences involving verb morphology and forms of self-reference. The patterns were interpreted as provisional evidence that the child may have been sensitive to discourse factors in her selective use of verb morphology. The data is analysed into four developmental phases. It is suggested that the semantic-level meanings of Phase IV are due in part to the type of discourse use to which the morphology is put in the earlier phases.
The response of the adrenal gland of normal and alloxan-treated pregnant rats to cold exposure.

Modification of human adrenal function by diabetes has been documented by reports of Me Arthur, Sprague and Mason (1950) and Hinkle, Conger and Wolfe (1950). Shepherd, Smith and Longwell (1952) found that alloxan-induced hyperglycemia did not significantly modify the response of the rat adrenal to cold exposure, as determined by depletion of ascorbic acid and cholesterol concentrations in the gland. This latter method of evaluation of adrenal function has been applied to pregnant rats, both normal and alloxan-treated. Whereas the treatment with alloxan did not alter the reactions of the gland of the pregnant rat to a significant extent, the effect of pregnancy is quite evident in the lower concentrations of adrenal ascorbic acid and cholesterol, and in the low levels reached by these substances when the animal was exposed to cold. The results of the investigation are detailed below. methods Female, albino rats from our own colony were maintained on a commercial stock rat food preparation.
Perylenequinone Natural Products: Enantioselective Synthesis of the Oxidized Pentacyclic Core†

An enantioselective approach to the perylenequinone core found in the mold perylenequinone natural products is outlined. Specifically, the first asymmetric syntheses of helical chiral perylenequinones absent any additional stereogenic centers are described. Key elements of the synthetic venture include a catalytic enantioselective biaryl coupling, a PIFA-induced naphthalene hydroxylation, and a palladium-mediated aromatic decarboxylation. Transfer of the binaphthalene axial stereochemistry to the perylenequinone helical stereochemistry proceeded with good fidelity. Furthermore, the resultant perylenequinones were shown to possess sufficient atropisomeric stability to be viable intermediates in the biogenesis of the perylenequinone natural products. This stability supports the use of the helical axis as a stereochemical relay in synthesis of the natural products containing additional stereochemical centers.
The Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Support Service to Families of Persons with a Chronic Mental Illness

At the heart of the family psychoeducational approach is the need expressed by families experiencing significant burdens in caring for their ill relatives for more information and concrete advice about their relatives' illness and treatment. The programs reported in the literature that have been developed to respond to these needs have shown significant positive results. It is hypothesized in this study that the educational aspect of these programs is a significant mode of action or core component of these programs. To test the effectiveness of this core or minimal educational module directed toward families of persons with a chronic mental illness, an all-day educational workshop was conducted with family members (N = 22) who live with a relative with a schizophrenic illness. Results attest to the benefits of an educational model of intervention with families of persons with a chronic mental illness. The study offers some preliminary implications, both theoretical and practical, for the role of social wo...
The effect of enriched environment and handling on the learning of a visual discrimination task

To assess the effect of environment and handling on the learning of a visual discrimination task, four groups of rats were raised under the following conditions: enriched environment home cage with or without handling and sterile environment home cage with or without handling. Significant differences were obtained on the visual discrimination task as well as on emotionality and exploratory tests between handled and unhandled groups regardless of environment.
In vitro production of Mycosphaerella populorum ascomata.

lands. Eds., S. E. Williams and M. F. Allen. Wyoming Agric. Expt. Sta. Rpt. SA 1261. Laramie. 91 pp. Miller, R. M. 1979. Some occurrences of vesiculararbuscular mycorrhiza in natural and disturbed ecosystems of the Red Desert. Canad. J. Bot. 57: 619-623. Moorman, T., and F. B. Reeves. 1979. The role of endomycorrhizae in revegetation practices in the semi-arid west. II. A bioassay to determine the effect of land disturbance on endomycorrhizal populations. Amer. J. Bot. 66: 14-18. Niering, W. A., and R. H. Whittaker. 1963. Vegetation of the Santa Catalina Mountains. Progressive Agric. in Arizona 15: 4-6. Phillips, J. M., and D. S. Hayman. 1970. Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infections. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 55: 158-161. Rose, S. L. 1981. Vesicular-arbuscular endomycorrhizal associations of some desert plants of Baja California. Canad. J. Bot. 59: 1056-1060. Schwab, S., and F. B. Reeves. 1981. The role of endomycorrhizae in revegetation practices in the . ds., S. E. Williams and M. F. Allen. Wygric. Expt. Sta. Rpt. SA 1261. L ramie. semi-arid west. III. Vertical distribution of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae inoculum potential. Amer. J. Bot. 68: 1293-1297. Stahl, P. D., and M. Christensen. 1982. Mycorrhizal fungi associated with Bouteloua and Andropon in Wyoming sagebrush-grasslands. Mycologia 74: 877-885.
Charting the mechanism and reactivity of zirconium oxalate with hydroxamate ligands using density functional theory: implications in new chelate design.

The reaction of [89Zr(C2O4)4]4− with the tris-hydroxamate ligand desferrioxamine B (DFO) provides the basis of radiolabelling biological vectors such as antibodies and proteins with the radionuclide 89Zr for positron emission tomography imaging. In this work, density functional theory methods were used to investigate the mechanism of reaction from [Zr(C2O4)4]4− to Zr(MeAHA)4 by ligand substitution with N-methyl acetohydroxamate (MeAHA). Calculations were performed under simulated basic and acidic conditions. Ligand substitution under basic conditions was found to be thermodynamically feasible with an overall calculated change in solvation free energy, ΔGsol = −97 kJ mol−1 using the B3LYP/DGDZVP methodology and a water continuum solvation model. In contrast, an acid-mediated mechanism of ligand substitution was found to be thermodynamically non-feasible. Molecular orbital analysis provides a rationale for the difference in thermodynamic stability between [Zr(C2O4)4]4− and Zr(MeAHA)4. Overall, the DFT calculations are consistent with observed experimental 89Zr-radiolabelling reactions and suggest that computational methods may prove useful in designing novel chelates for increasing the thermodynamic and kinetic stability of 89Zr-complexes in vivo.
How the Personal Becomes Political: Prohibitions, Public Health, and Obesity

The American Cancer Society puts it bluntly: “We're fat and it's killing us.” Obesity is rising at epidemic rates and, according to a first-ever Surgeon General's report on obesity (issued in 2001), it may soon surpass tobacco as the chief cause of preventable death in the United States. Obesity has been directly linked to heart disease, diabetes, stroke, infertility, and cancer. Each year, obesity costs the nation an estimated $120 billion in medical care and takes some 280,000 lives. Body weight is rising fastest among young Americans—the most dramatic stories feature heart attacks among obese six year-olds.David Satcher, “Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity” (Rockville, MD: Department of Health and Human Services, 2001), xiii, 8; Kelly Brownell, “Public Policy and the Prevention of Obesity,” in Eating Disorders and Obesity: A Comprehensive Handbook, ed. Christopher G. Fairburn and Kelly D. Brownell (New York: Guilford, 2002); Eric Schlosser, Fast Food Nation (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2001), 241–43.
The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with Gram-negative or viral sepsis:

To evaluate the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients with Gram-negative or viral sepsis, a survey of ECMO centres comprising the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization was conducted. Data collected from neonatal and paediatric intensive care units included patient demographics, indicators of infection, presence of cardiac instability and respiratory criteria for ECMO. One-hundred-and-seven patients with documented sepsis were divided into survivors and nonsurvivors. Prior to ECMO, the patients with a persistent metabolic acidosis (p < 0.008) and/or hypotension requiring more than two inotropic agents (p < 0.02) to support blood pressure were less likely to survive. Also, patients with Gram-positive infections (77%) were more likely to survive their ECMO course than those with Gram-negative (60%) or viral infections (40%). Although survival is less in septic infants than in infants with traditional respiratory failure placed on ECMO, sepsis should not be a contraindication to the use of ECMO. The parents should be informed of the chances of survival with each type of sepsis or respiratory infection (if known), so that a truly informed decision can be made by the parents. We feel that the additional information regarding Gram-negative and viral sepsis should assist the clinician in this goal.
Improved chiral stationary phase for the separation of the enantiomers of chiral acids as their anilide derivatives

Abstract Liquid chromatographic separation of the enantiomers of anilide derivatives of chiral carboxylic acids is facile on a chiral stationary phase derived from a conformationally restricted β-amino acid. This new chiral stationary phase, a variant of the (R)-N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)phenylglycine-derived chiral stationary phase, is markedly superior to its predecessor for separation of the enantiomers of a wide variety of anilides derived from carboxylic acids.
Chemical investigation of the giant nerve fibers of the squid II. Detection and identification of cysteic acid amide (β-sulfoalaninamide) in squid nerve axoplasm

Abstract Cysteic acid amide (β-sulfoalaninamide), a new biological amide, was found and its concn. determined quantitatively in the dialysable portion of the axoplasm of the squid Loligo pealii and Dosidicus gigas. The identification was accomplished in the following manner: 1. 1. The correspondence of the paper chromatographic behavior of the natural product and its methyl ester with the synthetic substances. 2. 2. The correspondence of the rate of acid saponification of the carbon-amide-nitrogen bond in the natural product, and in the synthetic substance.
Chemical modification of tyrosyl and lysyl residues in goat alpha lactalbumin and the effect on the interaction with the galactosyl transferase

The effect of acylation of goat alpha-lactalbumin on lactose synthetase activity and the ability of alpha-lactalbumin to inhibit the transfer of galactose to N-acetylglucosamine is biphasic. Approx. 15% of the lactose synthase activity of goat alpha-lactalbumin and 10% of its inhibitory power is lost in the initial phase, with corresponding losses of 65 and 30% in the second phase. Deacylation of reacted tyrosyl groups with hydroxylamine restored inhibitory power completely in the initial phase and partially in the second phase. Removal of acyl groups in the initial phase decreased lactose synthase activity, but had no effect in the second phase. The differential effect of acylation of alpha-lactalbumin on lactose synthase and inhibitory properties appears to be the result of differential changes in the affinity of the UDP-Gal-galactosyl-transferase-alpha-lactalbumin ternary complex for monosaccharides.
The nature of C10H2+ in mass spectra of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons☆

Abstract Ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to determine the heats of reaction for the process C 16 H 10 + → C 10 H 2 + that takes place in an ion trap mass spectrometer. Comparisons have been made with the experimental and derived data available for this process. The theoretical values at the DFT level verify the experimental heats of reaction within 0.4-0.8 eV. Furthermore, the structure of the product ion, C 10 H 2 + , has been investigated. Several structures have been proposed, and the ab initio and DFT geometry optimizations and frequency calculations have been performed to determine the most stable species. At the level of theory and the approximations that were used in this work, the linear form of C 10 H 2 + is the most stable species of three different geometries considered.
Body Site Variation of Cool Perception Thresholds, with Observations on Paradoxical Heat

Thresholds for the perception of coolness and heat pain were determined in sessions that randomly intermixed temperature increases and decreases. Four body sites were tested bilaterally: thenar eminence of the hand, plantar surface of the foot, dorsolateral forearm, and lateral calf. Coolness thresholds were lowest for the hand, intermediate for the forearm, and highest for the leg and foot. Laterality differences were not statistically significant.In 34% of the sessions, subjects did not consistently report cool or cold sensations with detectable temperatue decreases. When they did not report cool or cold, they most often reported heat or pain, thus exhibiting the phenomenon of “paradoxical heat”. There were significantly more paradoxical heat responses when cooling stimuli were intermixed with painfully hot stimuli than when they were intermixed with only warm stimuli.There was no significant correlation observed between thresholds for coolness and heat pain, either across body sites or across subjects ...
Accuracy and precision of matching inspired lung volume.

Institute of Environmental Stress, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106 Three questions were asked: How accurately can lung volumes be reproduced? Do the underlying sensory continua of inspired lung volume subscribe to Weber’s law? Are planned inspirations more accurately reproduced than constrained inspirations? The ability to match inspired lung volume was investigated utilizing the psychophysical method of average error. Fourteen subjects participated in two different conditions in order to answer these questions. The results indicated that inspired lung volumes were reproduced much more accurately than had been previously reported. The sensitivity of change for planned inspirations was identical to that of constrained inspirations (k = 018). However, the absolute threshold was significantly greater for the constrained group. The underlying sensory continua subscribed to a generalized version of Weber’s law. These results are discussed within the context of our present knowledge of receptor information of movement.
Blockade of the inward rectifier potassium current by the Ca2+‐ATPase inhibitor 2′,5′‐di(tert‐butyl)‐1,4‐benzohydroquinone (BHQ)

Abstract 1. We have investigated the effect of 2',5'-di (tert-butyl)-1,4-benzohydroquinone (BHQ) and thapsigargin, inhibitors of the intracellular Ca(2+)-ATPase, on ionic currents in rat basophilic leukaemia (RBL-2H3) cells under whole cell voltage clamp. 2. The whole cell current was inwardly rectifying and reversed at -35 +/- 6 mV (n = 16). The conductance of the inward current increased as the concentration of extracellular K+ was raised from 2.7 to 5.4, 10.8 and 21.6 mM. BaCl2 (100 microM) reduced the current to a small linear component and shifted the reversal potential to -4 +/- 3 mV (n = 6). A concentration of 50 microM BaCl2 produced 45 +/- 10% (n = 4) blockade of the inward current. 3. BHQ and thapsigargin were examined for their effects on the inwardly rectifying current. A maximal blockade of inward current was obtained within 6 min after perfusion with 10 microM BHQ. The small current remaining after blockade with BHQ had a linear voltage-dependence and reversed direction at -6 +/- 9 mV (n = 6). Thapsigargin (up to 3 microM) was without effect on the inward rectifier. 4. In contrast to the blockade of the inward rectifier produced by BaCl2 which was predominantly on the steady state current, particularly at the very hyperpolarized holding potentials (-120 mV), blockade by BHQ was equally strong on the instantaneous as well as the steady state current. 5. Blockade of the inward rectifier by BHQ may cause depolarization of the cell which will affect Ca2+ influx during investigations with BHQ.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
SATSim: a superscalar architecture trace simulator using interactive animation

This paper describes an interactive animation tool, SATSim, which conveys superscalar architecture concepts. It has been used in an advanced undergraduate computer architecture course to visualize the complicated behavioral patterns of superscalar architectures, such as out-of-order execution, in-order commitment, and the impact of branch mispredictions and cache misses. SATSim allows students to interactively change hardware configuration parameters and to observe their effects visually in a more accessible manner than is currently possible with existing simulators or with traditional static media.
The Tachyonic Antitelephone

The problem of detecting faster-than-light particles is reconsidered in relation to Tolman's paradox. It is shown that some of the experiments already under way or contemplated must either yield negative results or give rise to causal contradictions.
Solar energetic electron probes of magnetic cloud field line lengths

[1] Magnetic clouds (MCs) are large interplanetary coronal mass ejections of enhanced and low-variance fields with rotations indicative of magnetic flux ropes originally connected to the Sun. The MC flux rope models require field lines with larger pitch angles and longer lengths with increasing distance from the MC axis. While the models can provide good fits to the in situ solar wind observations, there have not been definitive observational tests of the global magnetic field geometry, particularly for the field line lengths. However, impulsive solar energetic (E > 10 keV) electron events occasionally occur within an MC, and the electron onsets can be used to infer Le, the magnetic field line lengths traveled by the electrons from the Sun to the points in the MC where the electron onsets occur. We selected 8 MCs in and near which 30 solar electron events were observed by the 3DP instrument on the Wind spacecraft. We compared the corresponding Le values with calculated model field line lengths to test two MC models. Some limitations on the technique are imposed by variations of the models and uncertainly about MC boundary locations. We found generally poor correlations between the computed electron path lengths and the model field line lengths. Only one value of Le inside an MC, that of 18 October 1995, exceeded 3.2 AU, indicating an absence of the long path lengths expected in the highly wound outer regions of MC models. We briefly consider the implications for MC models.
Thermoregulation in crocodilians—I. Head-body temperature control in the papuan-new guinean crocodiles, Crocodylus novaeguineae and Crocodylus porosus

Abstract 1. 1. Head-body temperature differences were found to occur with both solar and radiant heating in Crocodylus novaeguineae and C. porosus . 2. 2. Both species of crocodiles were found capable of reducing head and body temperature by physical, behavioral and possibly physiological means with the most effective method being the seeking of cooler environments such as shade and water. 3. 3. After preferred temperatures had been reached, there appeared little difference between head and body temperature and the differences found would be of little ecological significance in both species, although head temperature was regulated more precisely. 4. 4. Thermal preferenda and voluntary maxima for both head and body temperature are reported for each species.
Dimensional Correlates of Left Ventricular Dilation in the Presence of Hypertrophy

Twelve normal subjects, 50 patients with valvular heart disease, and 14 with hypertension were studied. Those with valvular disease were divided into two groups: 28 with angiographically measured ejection fractions ≥0.6 and 22 with ejection fractions
Laboratory measurements of the O+(²D) + N2 and O+(²D) + O2 reaction rate coefficients and their ionospheric implications

Rate coefficients which have been measured at thermal energies for the charge transfer reactions of metastable O+/2D/ ions with N2 and O2 are reported. It is found that at an effective temperature of about 550 K, k(n2) = (8 + or - 2) x 10 to the -10 cu cm/sec and k(O2) = (7 + or - 2) x 10 to the -10 cu cm/sec. Drift tube-mass spectrometer measurements employ the reaction He(+) + O2 as the source of metastable O+ ions, showing that the ions produced in this manner are in the 2D state rather than the 2P state, a possible alternative identification. Finally, consideration is given to the ionospheric implications of the laboratory measurements.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor stimulation impairs epidermal permeability barrier function and recovery and modulates cornified envelope proteins.

Aim To characterize how nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) influence epidermal barrier function and recovery following prolonged stress or direct nAChR activation or antagonism.
Post-treatment imaging changes in primary brain tumors

Discerning between primary brain tumor progression and treatment-related effect is a significant issue and a major challenge in neuro-oncology. The difficulty in differentiating tumor progression from treatment-related effects has important implications for treatment decisions and prognosis, as well as for clinical trial design and results. Conventional MRI is widely used to assess disease status, but cannot reliably distinguish between tumor progression and treatment-related effects. Several advanced imaging techniques are promising, but have yet to be prospectively validated for this use. This review explores two treatment-related effects, pseudoprogression and radiation necrosis, as well as the concept of pseudoresponse, and highlights several advanced imaging modalities and the evidence supporting their use in differentiating tumor progression from treatment-related effect.
Dissipative effects of an isolated bubble in water on the sound wave

The dissipative mechanisms of an isolated bubble in water for sound wave are analysed on the basis of the linearized theory of oscillations of a gas bubble. It is shown that the dissipative effects are obvious and contain the scattering and absorption of sound by a bubble; the heat conduction is decisive in the dissipative effects of bubble; and the dissipative effects are maximum at resonance.
RNA recognition by autoantigens and autoantibodies

The La, Ro, Sm and RNP autoantigens have been intensely studied over the past decade since cDNAs encoding autoantigens have become available. Most of these autoantigens are closely associated with RNA in RNP particles and molecular studies have provided insights into their modes of recognition and binding to RNA. For example, a common RNA Recognition Motif (RRM) was found to be a critical component of the RNA-binding domain of these autoantigens and the three dimensional structure of the RRM has been solved. As described in other articles in this series, the presence of La, Ro, Sm and RNP autoantibodies correlates with disease subsets, such as Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases. Immunological analysis of sera from autoimmune patients using recombinant autoantigens has revealed that multiple epitopes reside along the proteins and these represent both continuous and discontinuous (conformational) autotopes. Findings to date support a model of autoantibody induction which involves the direct presentation of proteinaceous autoantigens to the immune system. Circumstantial evidence has suggested that immunological crossreactivity between systemic autoantigens and structural components of infectious agents may play an initial role in the autoimmune response to certain antigens. However, the etiology of autoimmune diseases is probably multifactoral with genetic and other immune features acting on the organismal level. In addition, RNA molecules themselves can be autoantigens with higher order structural conformations which are recognized by RNP-type autoantibodies. Immune crossreactivity and/or direct presentation may generate autoantibodies reactive with conformational RNA epitopes. If crossreactivity with components of cellular or infectious agents give rise to RNA epitopes, they may represent structural or functional mimetics of the primary epitopes that actually drive the response. These ideas are discussed with respect to the role of mimetic processes in molecular recognition during autoimmunity.
A discontinuous Galerkin framework for hybridizing VGFEM and FEM

In this paper, a hybrid finite element-vector generalized finite element method (FE-VGFEM) is developed by using discontinuous Galerkin method (DGM). The motivation behind this work is to develop a technique that takes advantage of positive attributes of each method. It is hoped that the hybrid method can be more efficient and accurate. The method is validated via simulation of wave scattering in waveguides with discontinuities and dielectric load.
Validation of an Impulse Measurement Technique with High Temporal and Spatial Resolutions

Abstract We present a new experimental technique to measure the force-time history of high-velocity impacts and high pressure blast waves. The technique is based on the classic Hopkinson-type strain bar, coupled with an interferometric velocimeter instead of strain gauges. The major benefits of this setup are its accuracy, temporal resolution, and its imperviousness to electromagnetic interferences. We explain the keys concepts behind the technique and describe the experimental setup. We present experimental and numerical data as proof-of-concept and discuss preliminary studies on the effect of plastic deformation of the bar and its consequences on the interpretation of the measured impulse-history.