cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Silicate inclusions in group IAB irons and a relation to the anomalous stones Winona and Mt Morris (Wis)

Abstract Silicates are found in many group IAB irons; in some cases as abundant angular cm-sized inclusions and in other cases as smaller fragments or single grains in troilite or graphite nodules. The mineralogy of the silicates is chondritic—olivine, pyroxene, albitic plagioclase—as is the bulk composition. The degree of oxidation of the olivine and pyroxene is intermediate between E and H chondrites (Fa 1–8, Fs 4–9). IAB inclusions have ages of about 4.5 Gyr, I129-Xe129 formation intervals in the ranges of chondrites and contain planetary-type rare gases. Samples of San Cristobal, Campo del Cielo, Mundrabilla and Woodbine were examined by microprobe and bulk inclusions from Campo del Cielo, Copiapo, Landes and Woodbine were analyzed by instrumental and radiochemical neutron activation analysis. Nonvolatile lithophilic and siderophih'c elements in Copiapo, Landes and Woodbine have approximately chondritic abundances. The chondritic level of lithophiles indicates the inclusions have not undergone igneous differentiation while the chondritic levels of siderophiles is evidence the metal is native to the inclusions and not matrix metal injected into the silicates. The two Campo del Cielo inclusions analyzed have roughly chondritic abundances of lithophiles but have fractionated rare earth patterns and widely varying amounts and abundances (relative to Ni) of siderophiles. These inclusions appear to have experienced some partial melting. Siderophile ratios for the inclusions have some differences when compared to matrix metal. One Campo del Cielo inclusion contains kamacite (5.5% Ni) with over 1000 μg Ge. Three-isotope O analyses by Clayton and coworkers of parts of the same or neighboring inclusions to those analyzed chemically place the inclusions slightly below the terrestrial fractionation line of clayton et al. (1976) and rule out the possibility of the inclusions being trapped fragments of one of the ordinary chondrite groups. The IAB silicates formed probably in a similar manner as chondrite groups but in a different region of the nebula and they record the O2 fugacity and O isotopic composition of that location. They later became trapped in the metal-rich matrix probably as the result of collisions producing the breccialike texture. The relationship of the silicates to the kamacite-taenite structure of the metal requires that the metal-silicate mix have been heated to over 1000 K for an extended period. Two anomalous stony meteorites, Winona and Mt. Morris (Wis), are similar to IAB inclusions in mineralogy, bulk composition, FeO (FeO + Mg) ratio of the silicates, and chromite composition and are possibly related to the IAB silicates. Winona also has an age of 4.6 Gyr and contains planetary-type rare gases. Microprobe data are reported for the major minerals of these anomalous meteorites. Although attempts to detect IAB levels of Ge in the metal phases were not successful, the weight of the evidence favors a relationship between these meteorites and IAB
High-throughput library screening identifies two novel NQO1 inducers in human lung cells.

Many phytochemicals possess antioxidant and cancer-preventive properties, some putatively through antioxidant response element–mediated phase II metabolism, entailing mutagen/oxidant quenching. In our recent studies, however, most candidate phytochemical agents were not potent in inducing phase II genes in normal human lung cells. In this study, we applied a messenger RNA (mRNA)–specific gene expression–based high throughput in vitro screening approach to discover new, potent plant-derived phase II inducing chemopreventive agents. Primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) were exposed to 800 individual compounds in the MicroSource Natural Products Library. At a level achievable in humans by diet (1.0 μM), 2,3-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-4′-ethoxybenzophenone (DMEBP), triacetylresveratrol (TRES), ivermectin, sanguinarine sulfate, and daunorubicin induced reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) mRNA and protein expression in NHBE cells. DMEBP and TRES were the most attractive agents as coupling potency and low toxicity for induction of NQO1 (mRNA level, ≥3- to 10.8-fold that of control; protein level, ≥ two- to fourfold that of control). Induction of glutathione S-transferase pi mRNA expression was modest, and none was apparent for glutathione S-transferase pi protein expression. Measurements of reactive oxygen species and glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio showed an antioxidant effect for DMEBP, but no definite effect was found for TRES in NHBE cells. Exposure of NHBE cells to H2O2 induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2, but this translocation was not significantly inhibited by TRES and DMEBP. These studies show that potency and low toxicity may align for two potential NQO1-inducing agents, DMEBP and TRES.
Performance feedback deficit in geriatric depression.

Abstract Background: The orbital frontal cortex is involved with processing of performance feedback. This study tests the hypothesis that older depressed subjects, compared with elderly control subjects, commit more subsequent errors after receiving feedback from an initial error. Methods: We administered 116 older depressed patients and 139 control subjects the Trail Making Test Part B (TRAILS-B). Subjects who committed an error on TRAILS-B were immediately given feedback on performance. We then measured the frequency of making an error on the subsequent three tries. The likelihood of making any subsequent error was examined. Results: After controlling for the overall initial error rate, more depressed patients than control subjects made subsequent errors. This association remained significant in later regression models. When the depressed group was examined in additional models, severity of depression was not associated with increased subsequent errors. Conclusions: These results extend previous findings suggesting a performance feedback deficit in geriatric depression. The findings support previous studies linking the orbital frontal cortex and depression.
Increased food consumption in thirsty rats after water satiation: Inhibition by salts

Thirsty rats gradually learned to eat excessively after water satiation. The excessive eating subsequent to water consumption was antagonized by one M NaCl injection (IP) but not by an injection of distilled water.
eBirding: technology adoption and the transformation of leisure into science

The decreasing cost of technology and Internet access has resulted in increasingly large-scale scientific research projects that rely on technology-mediated public participation. This poster takes a process theory perspective to discuss how technology adoption in a citizen science project influences participation and thereby scientific outcomes. The case study finds that some birders change their established practices upon adopting eBird, an online checklist program for bird observations, because the additional effort supports individual satisfaction and community recognition. This dramatically increases the value of the data for research, promoting improved scientific outcomes.
Limonoid Glucosides in Fruit, Juice and Processing by-products of Satsuma Mandarin (Chus unshiu Marcov.)

In a study on improving utilization of waste from processing of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcov.) the limonoid glucosides of fruit, juice, and by-products were measured using HPLC and TLC. All materials had the 17-β-D-glucopyranoside derivatives of limonoids reported in other commercial citrus fruit. Citrus molasses was a good source for industrial scale extraction of limonoid glucosides. An extraction system using polystyrene divinylbenzene resins, was developed which could be expanded to industrial scale.
Coloured monopoles from fractional charges in QCD

Abstract In a recent paper, Slansky et al. have suggested that SU(3) C may be broken to SO(3) × Z 3 in order to explain the possible existence of fractionally charged states. We point out that there are low mass monopoles associated with such a symmetry breakdown and discuss their properties. Such states may be observable at LEP if not at PETRA energies.
Efficient algorithms for the instantiated transitive closure queries

The performances of several algorithms suitable for processing an important class of recursive queries called the instantiated transitive closure (TC) queries are studied and compared. These algorithms are the wavefront, delta -wavefront, and a generic algorithm called super-TC. During the evaluation of a TC query, the first two algorithms may read a given disk page more than once, whereas super-TC reads the disk page at most once. A comprehensive performance evaluation of these three algorithms using rigorous analytical and simulation models is presented. The study reveals that the relative performance of the algorithms is a strong function of the parameters which characterize the processed TC query and the relation referenced by that query. The superiority of one of the super-TC variants over all of the other presented algorithms is shown. >
Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of CSF-1 gene expression in human monocytes

Regulation of CSF-1 gene expression was investigated in human monocytes. CSF-1 transcripts were at low or undetectable levels in resting monocytes. However, in monocytes treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), CSF-1 mRNA was increased by 3 h and reached maximal levels by 12 h of drug exposure. When nuclear run-on assays were used, CSF-1 gene transcription was also at low or undetectable levels in resting monocytes but was activated after TPA exposure. TPA-treated monocytes exposed to actinomycin D further demonstrated that the half-life of the CSF-1 mRNA is 0.9 h. The results also demonstrated that the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide (CHX), increases CSF-1 mRNA levels in both resting and TPA-treated monocytes. These effects of CHX occurred in the absence of detectable increases in CSF-1 gene transcription. Moreover, treatment of monocytes with CHX and actinomycin D demonstrated that inhibition of protein synthesis is associated with stabilization of the CSF-1 transcript. Taken together, these findings indicated that CSF-1 gene expression is controlled at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels in human monocytes.
An Experimental Investigation of Landscape Resistance of Forest versus Old-Field Habitats to Emigrating Juvenile Amphibians

Abstract: We used an experimental approach to investigate the effects of landscape composition on the initial dispersal success of juvenile amphibians. Larval amphibians—spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum), small-mouthed salamander (A. texanum), and American toad ( Bufo americanus )—were added to artificial pools in four dispersal arrays on forest edges. Each array consisted of a pool surrounded by a circular drift fence with pitfall traps and two 2.5 × 50 m enclosures (runs) extending into forest and old-field habitat. Juveniles captured at the circular fences were individually marked and released into either field or forest runs. We determined initial distance, initial rate, total distance, and net distance moved by juveniles in the field versus forest from recaptures in the runs. We also conducted 24-hour dehydration trials to compare the rates of evaporative water loss by spotted and small-mouthed salamanders in field and forest. Initial orientation of spotted salamanders and toads was significantly biased toward forest. Orientation of small-mouthed salamanders did not differ significantly from random expectations. The avoidance of open-canopy habitat by juvenile American toads in particular indicates that predictions of dispersal behavior based on adult habitat use may be misleading. Spotted salamanders moved almost four times farther and toads more than three times farther into the forest than into the field, and recapture rates of both species were much lower in the field. We attribute the lower recapture rates and shorter distances moved in the field to higher mortality due to desiccation or an abundance of predators. Juvenile spotted and small-mouthed salamanders experienced greater evaporative water loss in the field. Our data on movement behavior and dehydration rates suggest that old-field habitats offer greater landscape resistance to dispersing juveniles of some species. Thus, forest fragmentation is likely to reduce dispersal rates between local populations of these three species, with potentially negative consequences for population persistence in altered landscapes.
Why Mars? Why Now?

Are we going to go to Mars or not ? Now would be a good time to decide. Are you listening, President Obama? Yes, the president has lots of things on his mind. But that's true of any president, anytime. And the fact is, the U.S. government is already spending billions of dollars a year on a space program that has a trip to Mars as its ultimate but inadequately funded and too-far-off-to-get-excited-about goal.
Too Angry To Leave: Supporting New Teachers Commitment to Transform Urban Schools

While the challenge to retain highly competent teachers affects all schools, the crisis is critical in urban districts, which historically suffer from a severe shortage of qualified teachers. This paper reports research on one effort to curb urban teacher attrition through a nontraditional approach to urban teacher education, induction, and ongoing professional development. It combines quantitative data about the five-year retention rates of teachers prepared specifically as "social justice" urban educators with qualitative data about the type of preparation and ongoing support the teachers experienced. Our analyses of these data allow us to propose elements of preparation and support that may be efficacious in remedying "the revolving door" of urban schools. This case study extends the broad literature on teacher retention while establishing groundwork for further investigations of urban teachers' learning and career paths. In conclusion, it helps reframe the professionalization of teaching debate to fit...
Martial Law? Military Experience, International Law, and Support for Torture

A large body of work points to diverging civil–military views on the initial decision to use force, yet there is little sense if similar differences hold over appropriate conduct in the midst of armed conflict. The rise of international laws governing behavior during war has similarly raised the question of whether these rules can shape the beliefs of various domestic actors. This paper seeks to address both gaps in the literature by leveraging the use of experiments embedded in a pair of US national surveys to examine the impact of international law and military experience on individual attitudes toward torture. The results show veterans are significantly more likely to support torture compared to civilians without any prior military background. International law further reduces civilian support for torture, while veterans are largely unaffected by general legal appeals. However, when facing highly precise rules, or where the threat of punishment is delegated to third parties, more legalized agreements can significantly reduce veteran support for torture. The results have implications for the study of institutional design, the differential effects of legal norms on nonstate actors, and the potential for greater awareness of the laws of war to influence attitudes toward wartime violence.
Potential for Quantifying Expression of the Geobacteraceae Citrate Synthase Gene To Assess the Activity of Geobacteraceae in the Subsurface and on Current-Harvesting Electrodes

The Geobacteraceae citrate synthase is phylogenetically distinct from those of other prokaryotes and is a key enzyme in the central metabolism of Geobacteraceae. Therefore, the potential for using levels of citrate synthase mRNA to estimate rates of Geobacter metabolism was evaluated in pure culture studies and in four different Geobacteraceae-dominated environments. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR studies with mRNA extracted from cultures of Geobacter sulfurreducens grown in chemostats with Fe(III) as the electron acceptor or in batch with electrodes as the electron acceptor indicated that transcript levels of the citrate synthase gene, gltA, increased with increased rates of growth/Fe(III) reduction or current production, whereas the expression of the constitutively expressed housekeeping genes recA, rpoD, and proC remained relatively constant. Analysis of mRNA extracted from groundwater collected from a U(VI)-contaminated site undergoing in situ uranium bioremediation revealed a remarkable correspondence between acetate levels in the groundwater and levels of transcripts of gltA. The expression of gltA was also significantly greater in RNA extracted from groundwater beneath a highway runoff recharge pool that was exposed to calcium magnesium acetate in June, when acetate concentrations were high, than in October, when the levels had significantly decreased. It was also possible to detect gltA transcripts on current-harvesting anodes deployed in freshwater sediments. These results suggest that it is possible to monitor the in situ metabolic rate of Geobacteraceae by tracking the expression of the citrate synthase gene.
Towards optimal design of signal fingerprinting codes

Digital fingerprinting aims at protecting multimedia contents from illegal redistribution by embedding imperceptible fingerprints identifying the users. We propose two approaches for building fingerprinting codes that accommodate millions of users and resist tens of colluders. These approaches are based on recent information-theoretic analyses of good fingerprinting codes in two regimes: (1) very low rates, and (2) rates near capacity. Good low-rate codes have high minimum distance. Good high-rate codes are short and random-like. Simulation results are presented to assess decoding performance.
Minimization by the D Algorithm

Programmed logic arrays [1], [2] are common in computer design. A form of this method of design has been used since the beginnings of computers, in telephone relay networks [3]. Optimization of such realizations of functions were begun by Karnaugh [4], Quine [5], McCluskey [6], and Roth [7]. Substantial use was mnade of such programs by Preiss [8] and Perlman [9]. Despite the existence of exact procedures, "fast," "approximate" procedures have been widely used. A new approximate procedure, using the D algorithm [1], [10], [11] is introduced here. It gets around a large computation, in complementation, using prior methods. Running programs "verify" this expectation.
Estimating the Capacity Value of Concentrating Solar Power Plants With Thermal Energy Storage: A Case Study of the Southwestern United States

We estimate the capacity value of concentrating solar power (CSP) plants with thermal energy storage (TES) in the southwestern U.S. Our results show that incorporating TES in CSP plants significantly increases their capacity value. While CSP plants without TES have capacity values ranging between 60% and 86% of maximum capacity, plants with TES can have capacity values between 79% and 92%. We demonstrate the effect of location and configuration on the operation and capacity value of CSP plants. We also show that using a capacity payment mechanism can increase the capacity value of CSP, since the capacity value of CSP is highly sensitive to operational decisions and energy prices are not a perfect indicator of scarcity of supply.
SmallBlue: Social Network Analysis for Expertise Search and Collective Intelligence

SmallBlue is a social networking application that unlocks the valuable business intelligence of 'who knows what?', 'who knows whom?' and 'who knows what about whom' within an organization, without requiring explicit involvement of individuals. The aim of SmallBlue is to locate knowledgeable colleagues, communities, and knowledge networks in companies. The suite also helps users manage their personal networks, and reach out to their extended network (the friends of their friends) to find and access expertise and information.
Representing African American Women in U.S. History Textbooks

This article addresses the dearth of African American women in high school U.S. history textbooks. The authors conducted a content analysis of the images in an African American history textbook and found that black women are underrepresented. Women are found in less than 15 percent of the images in the African American history text, while they make up nearly 30–50 percent of the images in two mainstream texts that the authors analyzed. The authors use Rachel Mattson's five heuristics to show how to incorporate images of black women in more meaningful ways in the curriculum: sourcing, inside-the-frame/outside-the-frame, intertextuality, framing historical questions, and using visual codes and conventions.
Complement and Its Receptors: New Insights into Human Disease

Although new activation and regulatory mechanisms are still being identified, the basic architecture of the complement system has been known for decades. Two major roles of complement are to control certain bacterial infections and to promote clearance of apoptotic cells. In addition, although inappropriate complement activation has long been proposed to cause tissue damage in human inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, whether this is indeed true has been uncertain. However, recent studies in humans, especially those using newly available biological therapeutics, have now clearly demonstrated the pathophysiologic importance of the complement system in several rare diseases. Beyond these conditions, recent genetic studies have strongly supported an injurious role for complement in a wide array of human inflammatory, degenerative, and autoimmune diseases. This review includes an overview of complement activation, regulatory, and effector mechanisms. It then focuses on new understandings gained from genetic studies, ex vivo analyses, therapeutic trials, and animal models as well as on new research opportunities.
Rock Glaciers in Central Colorado, U.S.A., as Indicators of Holocene Climate Change

ABSTRACT We measured thalli diameters of the lichen Rhizocarpon subgenus Rhizocarpon on 48 individual lobes of 18 rock glaciers and rock glacier complexes in the Elk Mountains and Sawatch Range of central Colorado. Cumulative probability distribution and K-means clustering analyses were used to separate lichen thalli measurements into statistically distinct groups, each interpreted as representing a discrete episode of rock glacier activity driven by an interval of cooler climate. Lichen ages for these episodes were assigned using a growth curve developed for Rhizocarpon geographicum in the nearby Front Range. An early Neoglacial episode, ca. 3080 yr BP, is correlative to other glacial and periglacial activity in the southern Rocky Mountains and surrounding areas and broadly corresponds to an interval of climatic deterioration evident in several other proxies of Holocene climate. The younger two episodes, ca. 2070 and 1150 yr BP, are also coeval with regional (Audubon) glacial and periglacial activity but...
Morality Settings: New Generation Game Systems and Parental Controls

In Edited Clean Version: Technology and the Culture of Control,1 which connects theories of governmentality and Deleuzian control to the study of censorial practices in the digital era, I launched the book by recounting a Chaplinesque scene that saw me stymied in a failed effort to play a DVD on my PlayStation 2. Each time I tried to play John Water’s A Dirty Shame (2004), I received the same onscreen “error message”—“The Parental Settings of This Player Prohibit Play”—despite the clear intent signaled by turning on the machine, inserting a disk, and repeatedly jabbing the button to select “play.” But my machine said no, or more accurately, refused to say yes. My access was disabled by parental controls predicated upon “enabling” choice, “empowerment,” and the ability to exert more “control” over content and access. As I wrote in Edited Clean Version, this experience reveals the paradox of being in control: the delimitation of choice as a measure of securitization. Spending hundreds of dollars on a game system to then intentionally disable certain functions in a self-administered action of distributed micro-political technocratic morality is not unheard of today. Parental controls—touted as pro-user, de-regulatory measures in the neoliberal interest of user self-governance and of moral adjudication of their own digital environments—are described as “digital tools” for content filtering and blocking, use restrictions and management, and user monitoring and tracking. Since the passage of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 and supplemental legislation like the Family Entertainment and Copyright Act of 2005, such capabilities have become de rigueur integration in the United States, a design “solution” found in all manner of digital devices and services. Televisions, smart phones, tablets, music interfaces and storage media, operating systems, Internet search engines, social media sites, software and hardware: Our involvement with the world occurs through an assortment of such technologies, each equipped with parental control features.2 Game systems are not outside of this purview. For more than a decade, the following game systems have included parental controls in
Medicaid expansion and access to care among cancer survivors: a baseline overview.

Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act facilitates access to care among vulnerable populations, but 21 states have not yet expanded the program. Medicaid expansions may provide increased access to care for cancer survivors, a growing population with chronic conditions. We compare access to health care services among cancer survivors living in non-expansion states to those living in expansion states, prior to Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act. We use the 2012 and 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to estimate multiple logistic regression models to compare inability to see a doctor because of cost, having a personal doctor, and receiving an annual checkup in the past year between cancer survivors who lived in non-expansion states and survivors who lived in expansion states. Cancer survivors in non-expansion states had statistically significantly lower odds of having a personal doctor (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.76, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.63–0.92, p < 0.05) and higher odds of being unable to see a doctor because of cost (AOR 1.14, 95 % CI 0.98–1.31, p < 0.10). Statistically significant differences were not found for annual checkups. Prior to the passage of the Affordable Care Act, cancer survivors living in expansion states had better access to care than survivors living in non-expansion states. Failure to expand Medicaid could potentially leave many cancer survivors with limited access to routine care. Existing disparities in access to care are likely to widen between cancer survivors in Medicaid non-expansion and expansion states.
But What About Texas? Climate Disruption Regulation in Recalcitrant States

This Essay will recount the history of EPA’s efforts to deal with a recalcitrant state bureaucracy and EPA-bashing political leaders as EPA attempted to reduce GHG emissions in a state that emitted more GHGs than any other state.8 It will then offer some observations on the impact of UARG on the future of GHG regulation in Texas, a state that views UARG as a victory and remains adamantly opposed to regulating GHGs unless required to do so by federal law.
Cocurricular and Campus Contexts

In this chapter, the authors consider issues of LGBTQA+ representation and visibility across cocurricular departments in U.S. colleges and universities. There is also a particular focus on identity-based centers and their role in facilitating LGBTQA+ inclusion.
Attitudes toward sexual violence survivors: differences across professional sectors in Kenya and the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Sexual violence survivors who decide to report their assault interact with health care, law enforcement, and legal and judicial professionals. Professionals' attitudes about sexual violence and survivors play an important role in caring for survivors and in the pursuit of justice. Despite evidence showing the relationship between service provider beliefs and survivor outcomes, relatively little is known about professionals' beliefs about sexual violence or their attitudes toward sexual violence survivors. Between June 2012 and December 2014, our study examined the beliefs and attitudes of 181 professionals from the health care, legal, and law enforcement sectors in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and the Rift Valley region of Kenya, areas with a high prevalence of sexual violence. To determine correlates of beliefs and attitudes about sexual violence and sexual violence survivors, multiple logistic regression models were adjusted for demographic and occupational characteristics. Respondents who agreed that survivors got what they deserved (7%) or that survivors should feel ashamed (9%) were the minority, while those who would be willing to care for a family member with a history of sexual violence (94%) were the majority. Profession was significantly associated with beliefs and attitudes about sexual violence and survivors. Law enforcement professionals were more likely than health professionals and lawyers to indicate that survivors should feel ashamed. Our findings suggest a need for interventions that adequately address potentially harmful beliefs and attitudes of some professionals serving sexual violence survivors.
Retinoid regulated macrophage cholesterol efflux involves the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein

Elimination of excess cholesteryl esters from macrophage-derived foam cells is known to be a key process in limiting plaque stability and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. We have recently demonstrated that regulation of retinoid mediated cholesterol efflux is influenced by liver X receptor (LXR) signaling in mouse macrophages (Manna, P.R. et al., 2015, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 464:312-317). The data presented in this article evaluate the importance of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in retinoid mediated macrophage cholesterol efflux. Overexpression of StAR in mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages increased the effects of both all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) and 9-cis RA on cholesterol efflux, suggesting StAR enhances the efficacy of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and/or retinoid X receptor (RXR) ligands. Additional data revealed that atRA enhances (Bu)2cAMP induced StAR and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 protein levels. Treatment of macrophages transfected with an LXRE reporter plasmid (pLXREx3-Luc) was found to induce the effects of RAR and RXR analogs on LXR activity.
Influence of certain B-vitamin antimetabolites on ovulation in vitro in the frog. Rana pipiens.

SummaryOvulation in vitro, as induced by pituitary extracts, was inhibited by antimetabolites of nicotinic acid in December experiments but not in April. Results suggest that metabolism of nicotinic acid may participate in sensitization of frog ovary which occurs gradually during the hibernation months from December to April, but not directly in ovulation itself. Other B vitamins were not implicated.
Oviposition Behavior and Larval Longevity of the Lone Star Tick, Amblyomma americanum (Acarina: Ixodidae), in Different Habitats

Females demonstrated limited capacity to select oviposition sites that best protected eggs from high temperature and low humidity. Preoviposition time and egg incubation was temperature dependent. Soil surface temperature affected frequency of egg hatching more than did soil moisture. Movement of replete females also was related to soil temperature. Higher temperature and low humidity extended larval pre-activity from 10—16 days in June-early July to 20—29 days in July—Aug. Larval survival was shortest in the meadow habitat (10—19 days) and longest in the bottom oak-hickory habitat (33—106 days).
Research-Based Lessons That Support Student Independent Reading in Social Studies

High school social studies teachers face unique challenges in helping their students learn independently from text in their discipline. In this article, a set of research-based practices that couple independent student reading with high-quality instruction proven to improve content learning for high school nonnative English speakers is provided. Specific examples of each practice within a social studies unit are used to illustrate how to promote independent student reading and understanding that is integrated with the content.
A cancer journey framework: guiding the design of holistic health technology

Cancer journeys, encompassing patients' cancer experiences from diagnosis through survivorship, are complex and diverse. Individuals dealing with cancer must cope with numerous physical and emotional challenges, balancing clinical tasks alongside the responsibilities of daily life. Although resources exist to support patients with their healthcare management, they often focus on a subset of a patient's health needs. We suggest that designers and researchers could enhance the effectiveness of patient health tools by creating tools that address a broader range of the responsibilities and challenges that patients face when coping with cancer. Understanding the breadth of factors that contribute to a patient's cancer experience presents a critical challenge in developing holistic patient-centered technology. To further our understanding of the cancer journey, we conducted focus groups and interviews with 31 breast cancer patients. We present a cancer journey framework depicting the responsibilities, challenges, and personal impacts patients face while transitioning from diagnosis through post-treatment survivorship. Through this work, we aim to support the development of health tools that consider a patient's cancer journey and health needs more broadly, supporting patient's health management alongside the complexities and priorities of daily life.
Correct Audit Logging: Theory and Practice

Retrospective security has become increasingly important to the theory and practice of cyber security, with auditing a crucial component of it. However, in systems where auditing is used, programs are typically instrumented to generate audit logs using manual, ad-hoc strategies. This is a potential source of error even if log analysis techniques are formal, since the relation of the log itself to program execution is unclear. This paper focuses on provably correct program rewriting algorithms for instrumenting formal logging specifications. Correctness guarantees that the execution of an instrumented program produces sound and complete audit logs, properties defined by an information containment relation between logs and the program's logging semantics. We also propose a program rewriting approach to instrumentation for audit log generation, in a manner that guarantees correct log generation even for untrusted programs. As a case study, we develop such a tool for OpenMRS, a popular medical records management system, and consider instrumentation of break the glass policies.
Wider Themes — Social Thought and Economic Policy

Marshall’s social philosophy and views on economic policy seem to have developed gradually without radical break from their earliest expression, still strongly under Mill’s influence, to the mature form assumed by the time the Principles appeared.1 The stage reached by 1885 is well epitomised in his declaration to the Industrial Remuneration Conference.
Shape-dependence of the thermal and photochemical reactions of methanol on nanocrystalline anatase TiO2

Abstract Structure-activity relationships and the influence of particle size and shape on the partial- and photo-oxidation of methanol on nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 were investigated using temperature-programmed desorption. The study employed two distinct nanoparticle morphologies: truncated bipyramids exposing primarily {101} facets, and flatter platelets exposing primarily {001} surfaces, whose nominal sizes ranged from 10 to 25 nm. The platelets were found to be more active for thermally-driven reactions, such as coupling of methoxide groups to produce dimethyl ether, and deoxygenation to produce methane. A dependence of the reactivity of {001} facets for the coupling of methoxide groups to produce dimethyl ether on facet size was also observed. In contrast to the thermally-driven reactions, the bipyramidal nanoparticles were observed to be more active for a range of photochemical reactions, including oxidation and coupling to produce methyl formate, and photo-decomposition of surface methoxide species. This study also shows how well-defined nanocrystals can be used to help bridge the materials gap between studies of single crystal model catalysts and their high surface area industrial analogs.
Stabilization of a Wheeled Inverted Pendulum by a Continuous-Time Infinite-Horizon LQG Optimal Controller

An LQG control strategy is proposed and tested for a wheeled inverted pendulum robot. We show how a reduced set of sensors, as compared to other solutions that can be found in the literature, can be used to observe all state variables of interest for stabilization. A Kalman-Bucy estimator is used to estimate the unmeasured variables and to filter those that are directly measured. An LQR feedback strategy is then used to stabilize the upright equilibrium state. The resulting LQG controller is tested under simulation and the results are verified on an OpenGL virtual environment developed for this purpose.
Necklace beam generation in nonlinear colloidal engineered media and negative index metamaterials

Modulational instability is a phenomenon that reveals itself as the exponential growth of weak perturbations in the presence of an intense pump beam propagating in a nonlinear medium. It plays a key role in such nonlinear optical processes as supercontinuum generation, light filamentation, rogue waves, and ring (or necklace) beam formation. To date, a majority of studies of these phenomena have focused on light-matter interactions in selffocusing Kerr media existing in nature. However, a large and tunable nonlinear response of a colloidal suspension can be tailored at will by judiciously engineering the optical polarizability. Here, we analytically and numerically show the possibility of necklace beam generation originating from spatial modulational instability of vortex beams in engineered soft-matter nonlinear media with different types of exponential nonlinearity. One of the most fundamental properties of isotropic negative-index metamaterials, namely opposite directionality of the Poynting vector and the wavevector, enable many novel linear and nonlinear regimes of light-matter interactions. In the second part of this talk, we predict distinct characteristics of azimuthal modulation instability of optical vortices with different topological charges in negative-index metamaterials with Kerr-type and saturable nonlinearity. We derive an analytical expression for the spatial modulation-instability gain for the Kerr-nonlinearity case and show that a specific condition relating the diffraction and the nonlinear lengths must be fulfilled for the azimuthal modulation instability to occur. Finally, we investigate the rotation of the necklace beams due to the transfer of orbital angular momentum of the generating vortex on the movement of solitary necklace beams. We show that the direction of rotation is opposite in positive- and negative-index materials.
The Safety and Economic Impact of Cefazolin versus Nafcillin for the Treatment of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections.

Anti-staphylococcal penicillins are generally accepted as first-line therapy for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia, but their use may be limited by interstitial nephritis and acute kidney injury. Alternatives include first-generation cephalosporins including cefazolin. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to compare adverse effects and clinical outcomes among patients with MSSA bacteremia treated with cefazolin or nafcillin. The primary endpoint was acute kidney injury (AKI), defined as a 0.3 mg/dL or 50% increase from baseline. Incidence of AKI was 27/82 (33%) versus 9/68 (13%) (p = 0.007) in the nafcillin and cefazolin arms, respectively. After adjusting for endocarditis and intensive care unit admission in multivariate logistic regression, nafcillin was an independent predictor of AKI [adj odds ratio (OR) = 2.74; 95% (CI) 1.1–6.6]. Patients who experienced AKI were more likely to have a prolonged intensive care unit stay. Risk of nephrotoxicity is increased with nafcillin compared with cefazolin. Cefazolin should considered as a safer alternative to nafcillin for select patients with MSSA bacteremia.
Boundaries, interfaces, point defects, and strain as impediments to thermal transport in nanostructures

The ability to grow heterostructures with high-quality interfaces brings great flexibility to the design and development of modern electronic and optoelectronic devices. While nearly perfect from an electronic standpoint, these interfaces are exceedingly disruptive to thermal transport and are a major contributor to anisotropic heat conduction and localized heating. Doping, alloying, and strain — all commonly employed when tailoring the electronic and optical properties of heterostructures — are also highly detrimental to the transport of phonons, the dominant carriers of heat in semiconductors. From the theoretical standpoint of phonon dynamics in disordered systems, we discuss the present understanding of nanoscale thermal transport and its profound sensitivity to any deviation from single-crystallinity. The roles that boundaries, interfaces, point defects, and strain play in thermal transport and localized heating are illustrated on several examples of semiconductor nanostructures, such as nanowires, thin films, superlattices, and quantum cascade lasers.
Clinical limitations of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification of uterine fibroids

Objective To determine the reproducibility of classifying uterine fibroids using the 2011 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system. Methods The present retrospective cohort study included patients presenting for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids at the Gynecology Fibroid Clinic at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA, between April 1, 2013 and April 1, 2014. Magnetic resonance imaging of fibroid uteri was performed and the images were independently reviewed by two academic gynecologists and two radiologists specializing in fibroid care. Fibroid classifications assigned by each physician were compared and the significance of the variations was graded by whether they would affect surgical planning. Results There were 42 fibroids from 23 patients; only 6 (14%) fibroids had unanimous classification agreement. The majority (36 [86%]) had at least two unique answers and 4 (10%) fibroids had four unique classifications. Variations in classification were not associated with physician specialty. More than one-third of the classification discrepancies would have impacted surgical planning. Conclusion FIGO fibroid classification was not consistent among four fibroid specialists. The variation was clinically significant for 36% of the fibroids. Additional validation of the FIGO fibroid classification system is needed.
Pulmonary Foreign-Body Granulomatosis

A 31-year-old woman receiving total parenteral nutrition after small-bowel resection presented with progressive exertional dyspnea. CT and lung biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of pulmonary foreign-body granulomatosis due to parenteral injection of oral opiates.
The laboratory animal boards study group: A multifaceted tool for preparation for the American College for Laboratory Medicine board examination.

Abstract Preparation for the specialty board examination for the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine (ACLAM) is an intensive process that is facilitated by geographic regions where many people studying for the exam are located in close proximity. However, many people work at institutions that are distant from these 'study centers'. Approximately 10 y ago, the Laboratory Animal Boards Study Group (LABSG) online journal club was established to provide a forum for journal review for examination preparation. Over the years, the mission of this group has expanded to include practice examinations and practicals, questions from common resources, and summaries and questions from common laboratory animal science journals. These study aids are beneficial for those preparing for the ACLAM certification examination. They are also beneficial for those preparing for the technician and manager certification examinations offered by the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS). This article is intended to be an introduction to the variety of study aids available through the LABSG online journal review club and the LABSG web page (www.labsg.org). It also provides details on the demographics of participants and an exploration of how this resource enhances examination preparation.
Modified-CS: Modifying compressive sensing for problems with partially known support

We study the problem of reconstructing a sparse signal from a limited number of its linear projections when a part of its support is known, although the known part may contain some errors. The “known” part of the support, denoted T, may be available from prior knowledge. Alternatively, in a problem of recursively reconstructing time sequences of sparse spatial signals, one may use the support estimate from the previous time instant as the “known” part. The idea of our proposed solution (modified-CS) is to solve a convex relaxation of the following problem: find the signal that satisfies the data constraint and is sparsest outside of T. We obtain sufficient conditions for exact reconstruction using modified-CS. These are much weaker than those needed for compressive sensing (CS) when the sizes of the unknown part of the support and of errors in the known part are small compared to the support size. An important extension called regularized modified-CS (RegModCS) is developed which also uses prior signal estimate knowledge. Simulation comparisons for both sparse and compressible signals are shown.
Multiscale Variability in North American Summer Maximum Temperatures and Modulations from the North Atlantic Simulated by an AGCM

AbstractSix recurrent thermal regimes are identified over continental North America from June to September through a k-means clustering applied to daily maximum temperature simulated by ECHAM5 forced by historical SSTs for 1930–2013 and validated using NCEP–DOE AMIP-II reanalysis over the 1980–2009 period. Four regimes are related to a synoptic wave pattern propagating eastward in the midlatitudes with embedded ridging anomalies that translate into maximum warming transiting along. Two other regimes, associated with broad continental warming and above average temperatures in the northeastern United States, respectively, are characterized by ridging anomalies over North America, Europe, and Asia that suggest correlated heat wave occurrences in these regions. Their frequencies are mainly related to both La Nina and warm conditions in the North Atlantic. Removing all variability beyond the seasonal cycle in the North Atlantic in ECHAM5 leads to a significant drop in the occurrences of the regime associated w...
Recent advances in nanoscale photonic MEMS

The combination of micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) actuation and silicon photonics offers a powerful platform for integrating large-scale reconfigurable/tunable photonic systems. In this paper, we review the recent advances in silicon photonic MEMS and present detailed results of tunable microdisk filters and large-scale integrated photonic switches.