cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Direct Fluid Cooling of Concentrator Photovoltaics for Hybrid Photovoltaic-Solar Thermal Energy Conversion

A spectrum-splitting photovoltaic module is developed for hybrid photovoltaic-solar thermal energy conversion using direct fluid cooling (DFC) of partially transmissive concentrator photovoltaic cells. The waste heat generated in photovoltaic cells can be more efficiently extracted by flowing a heat transfer fluid in direct contact with both sides of the cells. The module also acts as a beam splitter, dividing the incident light into two parts. Photons with higher energy than the bandgap of the cells are absorbed in cells, while photons with lower energy are passed through the infrared-transmissive module to a thermal receiver. Optical modeling (experimental) shows 63.2% (34.3%) out-of-band transmittance through the cell regions and 90.4% (89.0%) full spectrum transmittance through the surrounding bypass region. Thermal modelling verifies the direct cooling fluid method is an effective way to maintain cell temperature < 110°C. Electrical power conversion efficiency in a first prototype module is 79% of the bare cell efficiency. Fluid flow characterization shows laminar flow. The modules are currently undergoing field testing.
Synthesis of Cross-Linked Spherical Polycationic Adsorbents for Enhanced Heparin Recovery.

Heparin, as an anticoagulant drug, is almost entirely produced via isolation from mucosal tissues of different animals; therefore, it is it is crucial to maximize its recovery. Adsorption of hepari...
World literature reviewExtending the sphincterotomy12

Brand et al. prospectively studied the outcome of endoscopic sphincterotomy in 29 consecutive patients with biliary-type pain (two or more out of eight criteria), elevated liver enzyme levels (AST, ALP, or γ-glutamyltransferase), and no clear evidence of biliary pathology on transabdominal ultrasound and diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Elevated bilirubin levels (range = 1.3–7.2 mg/dl) were found in 18 patients. The majority of patients (n = 21) had gallbladders in situ. The findings from bile duct exploration after sphincterotomy were recorded, and pain (as measured by a visual analogue scale) and laboratory findings were assessed. The inclusion criteria for endoscopic sphincterotomy were 1) the presence of at least two of any eight characteristics associated with typical biliary-related pain (coliclike, located at the right upper abdomen, radiation to back or right shoulder, pain intensity > 4 on the visual analogue scale [possible range = 0–10], duration of pain > 30 min, postprandial pain, symptoms occurring at night, precise definition of onset and relief of pain), 2) elevated liver enzyme levels (AST, ALP, or γ-glutamyltransferase elevated more than 2-fold) in patients without histories of alcohol abuse or liver disease, and 3) absence of clear pathology on diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiography—that is, no or only mild dilation of the biliary duct system (common bile duct ≤ 12 mm in patients who had undergone cholecystectomies, and ≤ 8 mm in patients with gallbladders in situ) as measured in relation to the diameter of the duodenoscope. Wire-guided sphincterotomy was successful in all patients, whereas uncomplicated pancreatitis occurred in one instance. In 16 patients (55%) there was macroscopic evidence of small stones (n = 2), sludge (n = 12), or both (n = 2) after bile duct exploration with a Dormia basket. In addition, microscopy revealed cholesterol crystals in four patients who had no macroscopic findings. All four patients with elevations of pancreatic enzymes before treatment and four of those eight patients with previous cholecystectomies demonstrated evidence of biliary pathology. The initial median pain intensity was 8 (range = 1–10); 26 patients became pain free within 3 months after endoscopic sphincterotomy. Twenty-six of 28 patients (93%) remained asymptomatic over a median follow-up period of 19 months (range = 12–26); one died of an unrelated malignancy 6 months after therapy. The authors concluded that endoscopic sphincterotomy may be acceptable therapy in patients with clinical presentations suggesting papillary or biliary origins of pain without further diagnostic workup.
Multivariate event time series analysis using hydrological and suspended sediment data

Abstract Hydrological storm events are a primary driver for transporting water quality constituents such as suspended sediments and nutrients. Analyzing the concentration (C) of these water quality constituents in response to river discharge (Q), particularly when monitored at high temporal resolution during a hydrological event, helps to characterize the dynamics and flux of such constituents. A conventional approach to storm event analysis is to reduce C-Q time series to two-dimensional (2-D) hysteresis loops and analyze these 2-D patterns. While informative, this hysteresis loop approach has limitations because projecting the C-Q time series onto a 2-D plane obscures detail (e.g., temporal variation) associated with the C-Q relationships. In this paper, we address this limitation using a multivariate event time series (METS) clustering approach that is validated using synthetically generated event times series. The METS clustering is then applied to river discharge and suspended sediment data (acquired through turbidity-based monitoring) from six watersheds in the Lake Champlain Basin located in the northeastern United States, and results in identifying four common types of hydrological water quality events. Statistical analysis on the events partitioned by both methods (METS clustering and 2-D hysteresis classification) helped identify hydrometeorlogical features of common event types. In addition, the METS and hysteresis analysis were simultaneously applied to a regional Vermont dataset to highlight the complimentary nature of using them in tandem for hydrological event analysis.
Diversity of the green macroalgal genus Ulva (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) from the east and gulf coast of the United States based on molecular data

Ulva (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) is common in intertidal environments and can also be found in freshwater ecosystems. The difficulty to morphologically identify Ulva species due to cryptic diversity and morphological plasticity has caused a taxonomic conundrum. Fortunately, molecular data have begun to unravel a better understanding of its diversity. Here, we present a molecular analysis with 247 samples of Ulva from the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic USA based on chloroplast (rbcL and tufA) and nuclear (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) molecular markers. Twenty-four Ulva taxa had previously been reported for this area based on morphology and earlier molecular studies mostly from Northeastern USA and Canada. In this study, sixteen Ulva clades were identified representing 13 named clades and putatively three undescribed species. Only nine of the 24 taxa previously reported for the Western Atlantic were confirmed. Four species were identified for the first time in the U.S. East and Gulf Coast (U. aragoensis, U. californica, U. meridionalis, and U. tepida). This study provides a foundation for future research on Ulva in this area and reiterates the necessity of using molecular-assisted identifications for this group.
Cell-autonomous retinoic acid receptor signaling has stage-specific effects on mouse enteric nervous system.

Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is essential for enteric nervous system (ENS) development since vitamin A deficiency or mutations in RA signaling profoundly reduce bowel colonization by ENS precursors. These RA effects could occur because of RA activity within the ENS lineage or via RA activity in other cell types. To define cell-autonomous roles for retinoid signaling within the ENS lineage at distinct developmental time points, we activated a potent floxed dominant-negative RA receptor α (RarαDN) in the ENS using diverse CRE recombinase-expressing mouse lines. This strategy enabled us to block RA signaling at pre-migratory, migratory, and post-migratory stages for ENS precursors. We found that cell-autonomous loss of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signaling dramatically affects ENS development. CRE activation of RarαDN expression at pre-migratory or migratory stages caused severe intestinal aganglionosis, but at later stages, RarαDN induced a broad range of phenotypes including hypoganglionosis, submucosal plexus loss, and abnormal neural differentiation. RNA-sequencing highlighted distinct RA-regulated gene sets at different developmental stages. These studies show complicated context-dependent RA-mediated regulation of ENS development.
On a distance-constrained graph labeling to model cooperation

Abstract Inspired by distance-constrained graph labelings that model the assignment of frequencies to transmitters, we introduce a distance-constrained labeling of connected graphs that models the assignment of frequencies to oscillators. For a graph G and a vector of nonnegative real numbers k = ( k 1 , k 2 , … , k p ) , an L ∗ ( G ; k ) -labeling is any function f from V ( G ) into R such that for each i , 1 ≤ i ≤ p , | f ( v ) − f ( w ) | ≤ k i if d ( v , w ) = i . The span of f is the absolute difference between the supremum and infimum of the image of f , and λ G , k ∗ is the maximum span over all L ∗ ( G , k ) labelings. In this paper, we explore the properties of λ G , k ∗ as a function of k , including continuity. And, for p = 2 , we establish λ G , k ∗ when G is either a tree or a cycle.
MoiréBoard: A Stable, Accurate and Low-cost Camera Tracking Method

Camera tracking is an essential building block in a myriad of HCI applications. For example, commercial VR devices are equipped with dedicated hardware, such as laser-emitting beacon stations, to enable accurate tracking of VR headsets. However, this hardware remains costly. On the other hand, low-cost solutions such as IMU sensors and visual markers exist, but they suffer from large tracking errors. In this work, we bring high accuracy and low cost together to present MoireBoard, a new 3-DOF camera position tracking method that leverages a seemingly irrelevant visual phenomenon, the moire effect. Based on a systematic analysis of the moire effect under camera projection, MoireBoard requires no power nor camera calibration. It can be easily made at a low cost (e.g., through 3D printing), ready to use with any stock mobile devices with a camera. Its tracking algorithm is computationally efficient, able to run at a high frame rate. Although it is simple to implement, it tracks devices at high accuracy, comparable to the state-of-the-art commercial VR tracking systems.
Soft numbers: problems with the quality of official data

There is a worsening crisis in official statistics in most if not all countries. Agency resources have been strained for many years, while they are faced with demands for more information faster. Politicians have become ever more concerned with getting ‘good’ numbers. These forces impinge negatively on the quality of data even where computerization has increased and become more sophisticated. Further, individuals and firms are increasingly reluctant to supply sensitive data or even any data.
Methods for assessing the binding of steroid hormones in nuclei.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the methods for assessing the binding of steroid hormones in nuclei. When a steroid hormone enters a target cell, it binds to a receptor molecule that is then translocated into the nucleus. There it associates with nuclear sites and stimulates a sequence of events resulting in a series of biological responses. The binding of receptor-steroid complexes by nuclei can be studied by several methods. A radioactive steroid can be administered to intact animals or to cell or organ cultures, the nuclei isolated, and the content of radioactivity then measured directly. Nuclei can be isolated from cells and then incubated with radioactive receptor–steroid complexes prepared independently. Nuclei can be isolated and the receptor–steroid complexes measured by incubation with an excess of radioactive steroid at an elevated temperature permitting exchange with the unlabeled steroid. The difficulty of this assay is the technical problem of high nonspecific steroid binding in nuclei of tissues. To circumvent this problem, an alternative nuclear exchange assay is discussed in the chapter. Some of the methods developed and used to examine the binding of steroid receptors to isolated nuclei are also discussed.
Autoantibodies to Small Heat Shock Proteins in Glaucoma

PURPOSE. TO identify the low-molecular-weight retinal proteins that are the targets of serum autoantibodies in patients with glaucoma and to study the ability of these antibodies to induce retinal apoptosis. METHODS. Serum immunoreactivity against retinal proteins was examined in age-matched groups of 60 patients with normal-pressure glaucoma, 36 patients with high-pressure glaucoma, and a control group of 20 healthy subjects, by means of western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The specificity of the immunoreactivity to small heat shock proteins, including a-crystallins and hsp27, was tested by immunoprecipitation of these proteins in retinal fractions. The direct effects of antibodies specific to small heat shock proteins were then studied in isolated intact human retina (ex vivo) and cultured rat retinal cells (in vitro) by immunocytochemistry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) technique in conjunction with fluorescence microscopy and confocal imaging. RESULTS. Serum immunoreactivity against retinal proteins with low molecular weight in patients with glaucoma was to small heat shock proteins, including a-crystallins and hsp27. In addition, patients with normal pressure glaucoma had a higher titer of autoantibodies to small heat shock proteins than did age-matched patients with high-pressure glaucoma or control subjects. It was observed that when antibodies against small heat shock proteins were applied directly to retina tissue or cells, they could trigger cell death through an apoptotic mechanism. CONCLUSIONS. These findings suggest that increased titers of circulating antibodies against retinal small heat shock proteins may have pathogenic significance in some patients with glaucomatous optic neuropathy. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Set. 1998;39:2277-2287)
First appearance of laminin in peripheral nerve, cerebral blood vessels and skeletal muscle of the rat embryo Immunofluorescence study with laminin and neurofilament antisera.

The formation of basal laminae in peripheral nerve was studied by immunofluorescence with laminin antisera in the rat embryo. Peripheral nerves were identified with neurofilament antisera in double labeled sections. In the adult rat perineurium and endoneurium were uniformly decorated by the antisera. Sensory neurons in posterior root ganglia were surrounded by a laminin positive basal lamina. Laminin immunoreactivity was first observed in posterior spinal roots on day 14. Anterior spinal roots and peripheral nerves remained laminin negative until day 17. The adult pattern (uniform decoration of endoneurium in large and small nerve trunks) was only observed on day 21. The formation of a basal lamina surrounding posterior root ganglion neurons was still not completed in 3-day-old rats. The only laminin positive structures in the brain and spinal cord were the external basal laminae and the blood vessels. The external basal lamina was present at all stages of development. In the spinal cord and brain stem vascular basal laminae were first identified with laminin antisera on day 14, in the diencephalon and telencephalon on day 15. Laminin immunoreactivity in the basal laminae surrounding myotubes was first observed on day 16.
Using the Øresund Experimental Data to Evaluate the ARAC Emergency Response Models

A series of meteorological and tracer experiments, described by Gryning (1985), was conducted during May and June 1984 over the 20-km wide Oresund strait between Denmark and Sweden for the purpose of (1) studying atmospheric dispersion processes over cold water and warm land surfaces and (2) providing the data needed to evaluate meso-scale models in a coastal environment. In concert with these objectives the data from these experiments have been used as part of a continuing effort to evaluate the capability of the three-dimensional MATHEW/ADPIC (M/A) atmospheric dispersion models to simulate pollutant transport and diffusion characteristics of the atmosphere during a wide variety of meteorological conditions. Since previous studies have focused primarily on M/A model evaluations over rolling and complex terrain at inland sites, the Oresund experiments provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the models in a coastal environment.
Evaluating Short and Long Term Seating Comfort

This paper reports the results of a study comparing the subjective assessment of short and long duration sitting comfort associated with an 80 mile highway drive. Thirty-six subjects evaluated five cars selected from the small car market segment. Subjects completed a comfort assessment questionnaire and were pressure mapped before and after the ride and drive. Subjective evaluation of several seat zones were analyzed and compared to pressure readings. The results for four zones including shoulder, lumbar, ischial tuberosity, and thigh areas are discussed. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 875189.
Potential of visible and near infrared spectroscopy to quantify phenol formaldehyde resin content in oriented strandboard

In this note, a preliminary test of the ability of visible and near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) coupled with multivariate statistical methods is described to predict the phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesive content in oriented strandboard (OSB) post manufacture. A visible-NIR-based PLS model could predict moderately well (RMSEP0=.60%) the PF loading in the face layers of pine OSB after pressing. The spectral absorbance at 614 nm was significantly different between PF loadings. NIR may provide the basis for an on-line, real-time quality control tool providing feedback information to the press.
Nature, Origin, and Evolution of the Hot Gas: Interstellar?

Supernova explosions in a cloudy interstellar medium produce large volumes of hot gas with typical density 3 × 10−3 cm−3 and temperature 5 × 105 K. The evolution of supernova remnants in such a medium differs significantly from the conventional picture due to evaporation of cool clouds by the hot gas inside the remnant. A steady state model of the resulting three-component medium is in reasonable agreement with observations of the interstellar pressure, the OVI density, and the diffuse soft X-ray emission.
Z -> b b-bar Excess from R-Parity Violation

The $\Zbb$ excess, $\Zcc$ deficit, and low left-right asymmetry $A_b$ may be explained by a single term $\lam C^c B^c B^{\prime c}$ in the superpotential. This operator violates R-parity and requires a sequential 4th generation. 1-loop diagrams involving squark exchange interfere with the tree-level processes to give an excess of right-handed $b$ quarks, and a deficit of right-handed $c$ quarks. Though the coupling must be large ($\lam\approx 2$ or $3$), the model is phenomenologically and cosmologically acceptable.
Making QCD Lattice Data Accessible and Organized through Advanced Web Interfaces

The Gauge Connection at qcd.nersc.gov is one of the most popular repositories of QCD lattice ensembles. It is used to access 16TB of archived QCD data from the High Performance Storage System (HPSS) at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC). Here, we present a new web interface for qcd.nersc.gov which allows physicists to browse and search the data, as well as download individual files or entire ensembles in batch. Our system distinguishes itself from others because of its ease of use and web based workflow.
Modern Statistical Methods for Cosmological Testing

Statistically efficient and equitable methods for cosmological analysis and testing on the basis of objective samples of extragalactic sources are presented. Nontrivial such methods inevitably assume that the population of sources has well-defined uniformity features, or that departures from uniformity follow a designated pattern (parametric or otherwise). The most basic assumption, almost universally made in analysis at lower redshifts, is that of ‘luminosity uniformity’ (LU); i.e., that the intrinsic brightnesses of the sources form a well defined statistical population that is independent of the positions of the sources, in a designated redshift range. A secondary assumption, which can be utilized only in conjunction with LU, is that of ‘spatial uniformity’ (SU).
Perceptions of Relational Practices in the Workplace

We examined the intersection of gender and work through an investigation of relationally motivated behaviour in the workplace. Using Fletcher's ethnography of women's relational practices in a masculine work environment as a springboard, we examined Fletcher's typology of relational practice, participants' perceptions of employees who perform these forms of behaviour and whether these perceptions were related to gender. Working adults (N = 128) completed online surveys containing workplace scenarios and rated how effective and submissive they perceived the behaviour to be. Overall, participants rated relational practices as ineffective and submissive, regardless of whether a man or a woman had performed them. However, they reported that they would behave the same way as the target and they offered relationally oriented reasons for their choice. Relational practices remain paradoxical in the workplace, both necessary and devalued.
Electrocardiographic monitoring in children with chronic renal failure

Continuous electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring was performed over 24 h in 44 children at various stages of chronic renal failure in order to determine the incidence and nature of cardiac dysrhythmias. In addition the ECG was followed during haemodialysis sessions and during dialysate exchanges in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. In contrast to adult patients on haemodialysis life-threatening dysrhythmias were not observed. The proportion of children with premature ventricular complexes (41%) was at the upper limit of that in healthy children. A relatively high heart rate was found in children on CAPD, which varied during the exchange procedure. In 57% of all patients a transient marked prolongation of the QT interval up to 40% greater than normal was observed without obvious changes in the serum electrolyte levels. Continuous ECG monitoring is a useful tool for detecting alterations of cardiac rhythm and conduction in at-risk children with renal failure.
Prediction of polymer-filler redistribution in injection molding

Polymer-filler redistribution is the process whereby a polymer melt with an initially homogeneous distribution of filler obtains an inhomogeneous distribution upon injection molding. The purpose of this paper is to develop a set of rules for predicting polymer-filler redistribution. The predictions are based upon experiments on lateral particle migration in pseudoplastic fluids and theoretical calculations on lateral particle migration in second-order fluids. Predictions are made concerning the existence of a “surface of accumulation,” the dependence of filler concentration on distance from the gate, and the effects of injection time and barrel temperature. The predictions compare favorably with experiments in a dumbbell specimen using polymers Luran 378P and Ultraniid B3, both containing glass beads.
Determination of molecular weight distribution of acid mucopolysaccharides by Sephadex gel filtration

Abstract A method has been developed for the determination of molecular weight distribution of AMPS. Chondroitin sulfate A was fractionated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 into bands of narrow distribution of molecular weights. The molecular weights of the AMPS from bands widely separated were determined by a combined diffusion-sedimentation coefficient method. Aliquots from the same AMPS preparations were also subjected to gel filtration on a 1.06 (i.d.) 86.0 cm Sephadex G-200 column. It was found that a linear relationship exists between elution volume and log of molecular weight of the respective AMPS. Chondroitin sulfate B, chondroitin sulfate C, and heparitin sulfate follow the same relationship. Elution diagrams of the urinary AMPS of the three main variants of the Hurler syndrome are characteristically distinct from each other and they are also different from the elution diagrams of AMPS obtained from normal subjects. Heparitin sulfate and a portion of chondroitin sulfate B from Hurler patients are markedly degraded.
A 10 Gb/s BiCMOS adaptive cable equalizer

A 10 Gb/s adaptive equalizer IC using SiGe BiCMOS technology is described. The circuit consists of the combination of an analog equalizer and an adaptive feedback loop for minimizing the inter-symbol interference (ISI) for a variety of cable characteristics. The adaptive loop functions using a novel slope-detection circuit which has a characteristic that correlates closely with the amount of ISI. The chip occupies an area of 0.87 mm/spl times/0.81 mm and consumes a power of 350 mW with 3.3 V power supply. This adaptive equalizer is able to compensate for a cable loss up to 22dB at 5 GHz while maintaining a low bit-error rate.
Refocusing a scanned laser projector for small and bright images: simultaneously controlling the profile of the laser beam and the boundary of the image

This paper describes a projection system for augmenting a scanned laser projector to create very small, very bright images for use in a microsurgical augmented reality system. Normal optical design approaches are insufficient because the laser beam profile differs optically from the aggregate image. We propose a novel arrangement of two lens groups working together to simultaneously adjust both the laser beam of the projector (individual pixels) and the spatial envelope containing them (the entire image) to the desired sizes. The present work models such a system using paraxial beam equations and ideal lenses to demonstrate that there is an "in-focus" range, or depth of field, defined by the intersection of the resulting beam-waist radius curve and the ideal pixel radius for a given image size. Images within this depth of field are in focus and can be adjusted to the desired size by manipulating the lenses.
Traditionality of mating-site preferences in a coral reef fish

Mating systems are often viewed as a result of females choosing where, when and with whom to mate1,2, and of male responses to female behaviour3,4. If the distribution of females reflects their response to vital resources for survival and reproduction, then a careful study of these resources should yield predictions about the emergent mating system. Males and females could, however, simply gather at traditional sites to mate5. If so, analysis of the current state of the environment may yield incorrect predictions about mating sites5–9. Mating sites of the bluehead wrasse Thalassoma bifasciatum have remained in daily use over 12 years (four generations) without changing locations. Here, I show that experimental replacement of entire local populations led to the use of new sites, which continued to be used after the manipulations. Thus mating site locations may not be the result of individual assessment of current resource quality, but instead represent culturally transmitted traditions. Attempts to explain mating patterns based on the distribution of resources should therefore be approached with caution.
Energetics of vocalization in the African reed frog (Hyperolius marmoratus)

Abstract Rates of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide release were measured in calling and resting painted reed frogs, Hyperolius marmoratus. O2 consumption increased linearly with call rate and reached 0.91 ml/g · h at average call rates of 3100 calls/hr. The respiratory quotient ( RQ = V CO 2 V O 2 ) was calculated to evaluate which metabolic substrates—lipids or carbohydrates—are utilized. Males that were not fed for a week had significantly lower RQ's during calling (0.75) than recently fed males (0.89) and thus utilized approximately twice as much lipid to fuel calling. Whole-body lipid reserves of males collected in the field varied considerably. Lipid stores alone would be sufficient to provide energy for a median of 15 nights of calling activity at a high density chorus.
A prefetching technique for prediction of porous media flows

In many applications in flows through porous media, one needs to determine the properties of subsurface to detect, monitor, or predict the actions of natural or induced forces. Here, we focus on two important subsurface properties: rock permeability and porosity. A Bayesian approach using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm is well suited for reconstructing the spatial distribution of permeability and porosity, and quantifying associated uncertainty in these properties. A crucial step in this approach is the computation of a likelihood function, which involves solving a possibly nonlinear system of partial differential equations. The computation time for the likelihood function limits the number of MCMC iterations that can be performed in a practical period of time. This affects the consistency of the posterior distribution of permeability and porosity obtained by MCMC exploration. To speed-up the posterior exploration, we can use a prefetching technique, which relies on the fact that multiple likelihoods of possible states into the future in an MCMC chain can be computed ahead of time. In this paper, we show that the prefetching technique implemented on multiple processors can make the Bayesian approach computationally tractable for subsurface characterization and prediction of porous media flows.
Learning-by-Doing versus Fully-Informing as Training Strategies

A learning-by-doing training technique was compared to full-information training in both a generic laboratory task and an application setting. The generic task required trainees to search for targets in a dynamic numerical array. Cells in the array were defined by rate of change, probability of target, and cost of errors. Learning-by-doing trainees had to adopt attention allocation strategies using only running point-total feedback. Informed subjects were given cell parameter values. During training informed subjects were superior until the sixth training day. At transfer to a new, unknown parameter set learning-by-doing subjects showed a clear superiority until the third day of transfer. They had apparently learned to infer system dynamics from system feedback. This finding was not replicated in the context of a flight simulator. The failure to validate the laboratory result in the more applied setting could be due to the effects of additional dimensions and skills required for the flying task that are n...
De novo pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis in the preimplantation mouse embryo

Abstract Utilizing phosphonacetyl- l -aspartate (PALA), the transition state analog which specifically inhibits aspartate carbamyl transferase, we have shown that the preimplantation mouse embryo in culture has a functioning de novo pyridmidine biosynthetic pathway. This pathway accounts for some of the carbon dioxide fixation into nucleic acids previously described. Inhibition of de novo pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis during 2-cell to 8-cell development does not prevent morula development, but does prevent blastocyst development in nearly all embryos. Inhibition of the morula to blastocyst transition is most likely caused by a diminished pyrimidine nucleotide pool. Both de novo and salvage pathways appear active from the 2-cell embryo through blastocyst formation.
FORAGER ATTRACTION BY SYMPATRIC IPOMOEA HEDERACEA AND I. PURPUREA (CONVOLVULACEAE) AND CORRESPONDING FORAGER BEHAVIOR AND ENERGETICS

A B S T R A C T Flowers of Ipomoea purpurea are larger, more colorful, more numerous per plant, and more conspicuous than those of I. hederacea. Because the nectar supply per flower is less variable ifi I. purpurea and because the flowers of this species are visually more attractive, Bombus pennsylvanicus demonstrated a foraging preference and greater constancy for I. purpurea than for I. hederacea in experimental and natural sympatric populations in accordance with expectations derived from optimal foraging theory. IPOMOEA HEDERACEA (L.) Jacq. and I. purpurea (L.) Roth are economically significant weeds often sympatric in cultivated fields and gardens in much of the southeastern United States. Both species are annual vines and both produce daily crops of ephemeral flowers throughout the latter half of the summer and autumn. Flowers of I. hederacea are light blue; those of I. purpurea range from pink to purple. The former species is primarily selfing and the latter has a mixed mating system featuring predominate outcrossing (Ennos, 1981). Pollinators apparently discriminate among the flower color forms of I. purpurea (B. Brown and M. Clegg, pers. comm.), but visit I. purpurea and I. hederacea equally in mixed populations (Ennos, 1981). This pattern is suggestive of either non-discrimination or negative assortative mating
Claim mobile: when to fail a technology

This paper looks back at the deployment of Claim Mobile, a smartphone-based data collection application developed for a non-governmental organization (NGO) in Southwest Uganda. This NGO subsidizes health facilities by paying for medical services on the basis of claims submitted after the patient consultation, targeting treatment of 99,000 clients between 2006-2011. I successfully tested Claim Mobile in Summer 2008, processing 35 claims over two weeks, and then discontinued it six months later, when it became apparent that integration and scale-up of the technology would be problematic for the NGO. In addition, many issues we hoped to address through technology had been addressed through program management changes instead. I find that a) the context motivating the technology changed over time, b) simpler solutions can be as effective as new technologies, and c) prioritizing the needs of the NGO required abandoning the deployment of Claim Mobile. Thus this paper presents the value of learning from failure in the process of designing for users in developing regions.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus

Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABS) hemorrhagic colitis due to Streptococcus pyogenes is extremely rare and its association with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in children has not been described. We report a 9-year-old white male who developed biopsy-proven HUS while continuing to have GABS-positive bloody diarrhea. Renal function deteriorated rapidly requiring intermittent hemodialysis. Three months following discharge, his renal function is normal for age except for significant proteinuria.
A remote keyboard switch for the IBM PC/AT and compatibles

A relatively simple, remote keyboard switch for the IBM PC/AT and compatibles is discussed. It may be used to isolate a subject from an experimenter when the experimenter is controlling an experiment with the PC. The device, based on a 4066 CMOS, when used in conjunction with a monochrome monitor and a color monitor, enables the experimenter to switch, manually or programmatically (TTL), between the local monitor and the local keyboard and a remote monitor and a remote keyboard for presentation of stimuli and for recording of subject’s responses.
Critical dynamics near a surface structural phase transition

Using the Mori projection-operator formalism, we develop a continued-fraction expansion for the dynamical structure factor of a system near a structural phase transition. The theory is applied to a W(100) surface and compared with recent He scattering data. Good agreement is obtained between theory and experiment.
Biology and Treatment of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia in Adolescents and Young Adults

The treatment of young adults (16 to 39 years of age) with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) has been a focus of clinical research over the past decade. This review will focus on the biology, optimal treatment, treatment-related toxicities, and psychosocial issues in this patient population.
Recursive fourier-based high-frame rate imaging

The high-frame-rate (HFR) imaging method developed in 1997 used broad beams such as steered plane waves or limited-diffraction beams to illuminate an object, and then received echo signals are used to reconstruct images with Fourier transform. This method can be used in fast ultrasound cardiac imaging, flow velocity vector imaging, elasticity imaging, strain and strain rate imaging, and functional imaging. However, when multiple transmissions are used to reconstruct a frame of image to increase image field of view and improve image quality, image frame rate is reduced. To achieve the highest image frame rate limited only by the ultrasound round-trip time while multiple transmissions are used to reconstruct each frame of image, a recursive method is used. In this method, images reconstructed from each transmission are weighted with a constant that is between 0 and 1, and then added to the most recently reconstructed image. Experiments were performed with a tissue-mimicking phantom to demonstrate the efficacy of the method. Results show that high-quality images can be reconstructed at the highest image frame rate that is usually achievable only when one transmission is used to reconstruct a frame of image.
Fast non-dissociative cis-to-trans isomerization in the cis-(P(O-i-Pr)3)2Cr(CO)4 intermediate

Abstract Pulsed laser flash photolysis of cis-(pip)(L)Cr(CO)4/CB/L solutions (pip=piperidine, L=tri(isopropyl phosphite, CB=chlorobenzene) produces cis- and trans-(CB)(L)Cr(CO)4 transients, which decay via three distinct reaction pathways: cis-(CB)(L)Cr(CO)4+L→cis-(L)2Cr(CO)4; trans-(CB)(L)Cr(CO)4+L→trans-(L)2Cr(CO)4; cis-(L)2Cr(CO)4→trans-(L)2Cr(CO)4. The third process, which takes place on the sub-ms time-scale, involves non-dissociative isomerization, likely via a trigonal prismatic transition state, and occurs on a time-scale>six orders of magnitude faster than had been observed previously. The independent existence of the two solvates indicates that cis-to-trans isomerization does not take place in the respective five-coordinate intermediates. These observations have general applicability to other systems.
Improving Multiplexability of Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal Films by Dual Frequency Addressing

Abstract We have studied the effect of dual frequency addressing (DFA) on the number of rows Nmax which can be multiplexed in a liquid crystal display incorporating a PDLC film. Nmax depends strongly on the required contrast ratio. For the film we studied and a contrast ratio of nine, only direct driving is possible without DFA. With DFA and the same contrast ratio, the number of multiplexable rows can be increased to nearly seven. Higher operating voltages are required to obtain this increased multiplexability. At maximum multiplexability, the off-state voltage increases by about 60 Vrms while the on-state voltage increases by less than 30 Vrms; most of the increase is due to the high frequency voltage component needed for DFA. To switch between the off-and the on-states, it is sufficient to switch only the low frequency component of the driving voltage; this can be done with the drivers which would be used in a direct drive mode.
Robustness of efficient server assignment policies to service time distributions in finite‐buffered lines

We study the assignment of flexible servers to stations in tandem lines with service times that are not necessarily exponentially distributed. Our goal is to achieve optimal or near-optimal throughput. For systems with infinite buffers, it is already known that the effective assignment of flexible servers is robust to the service time distributions. We provide analytical results for small systems and numerical results for larger systems that support the same conclusion for tandem lines with finite buffers. In the process, we propose server assignment heuristics that perform well for systems with different service time distributions. Our research suggests that policies known to be optimal or near-optimal for Markovian systems are also likely to be effective when used to assign servers to tasks in non-Markovian systems. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010
Upgrading the sleeping brain with targeted memory reactivation

A fundamental feature of human memory is the propensity for beneficial changes in information storage after initial encoding. Recent research findings favor the possibility that memory consolidation during sleep is instrumental for actively maintaining the storehouse of memories that individuals carry through their lives. The information that ultimately remains available for retrieval may tend to be that which is reactivated during sleep. A novel source of support for this idea comes from demonstrations that neurocognitive processing during sleep can benefit memory storage when memories are covertly cued via auditory or olfactory stimulation. Investigations of these subtle manipulations of memory processing during sleep can help elucidate the mechanisms of memory preservation in the human brain.
Detecting Critical Patterns in Maternal-Fetal Heart Rate Tracings over Time

The present study examined how individuals detect critical patterns in MFHR tracings in single and multiple monitor displays. Two studies were performed, varying the number of critical signals presented within displays. In the first study, the number of critical signals increased with increases in the number of displays. In the second study, the number of signals remained constant across display conditions. The results from Study 1 showed no decrement for either display condition; however, fewer critical signals were detected in the multiple display condition. In Study 2, there was no vigilance decrement nor was there a difference in number of signals detected for display condition. However, significantly more false alarms were committed for the multiple display condition. Although no definitive conclusion can be reached regarding vigilance performance and multiple displays, there is cause for concern from a clinical perspective about the degraded ability to detect signals from multiple displays. These fi...
Dasymetric Mapping for Estimating Population in Small Areas

A dasymetric map depicts a statistical surface, most commonly population density, as a set of simply connected regions, such that variation within each region is minimized and the region boundaries approximate the steepest escarpments of the surface. Dasymetric mapping has its roots in early thematic mapping of population, but has recently been taken up by researchers focusing on areal interpolation and population estimation using remote sensing. The process of dasymetric mapping typically involves the disaggregation of population data encoded in choropleth map form using an ancillary spatial data set, most commonly either an area-class map or satellite image. The functional relationship between the ancillary data and the statistical surface being mapped may be specified a priori by the researcher or estimated using a variety of statistical techniques. Challenges facing dasymetric mapping research include handling spatio-temporal data and the development of standardized and accessible methods.
A radioimmunoassay for dopamine-β-hydroxylase using a glass-bound antibody

Les auteurs decrivent une methode radioimmunologique de dosage de la DβH utilisant un anticorps lie de facon covalente a des billes de verre. La technique a ete appliquee a la mesure de la DβH dans les surrenales et differentes regions du cerveau de bœuf. Les principaux avantages de cette methode sont sa relative facilite d'emploi, sa precision et sa haute specificite.
Investigations of crosslinking in the emulsion polymerization of butadiene

A study of the dilution effect of four hydrocarbons (biallyl, hexane, 3-methyl-1-butene, and isopentane) on the rate of polymerization of butadiene and on the characteristics of the resulting polymer has shown that chain transfer of the following type is an unimportant reaction in butadiene polymerization: The above result is consistent with the kinetic treatment of crosslinking as developed by Flory. The results of a comparison of the emulsion polymerization of 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile- and of persulfate-catalyzed butadiene are adequately accounted for without considering the effect of the catalysts on branching or crosslinking. As previously suggested, the differences noted between 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile- and persulfate-catalyzed polybutadienes are probably due to a different molecular-weight distribution. This difference in molecular-weight distribution is partly produced by a large difference in r values for the two systems. The unmodified emulsion polymerization of butadiene with 2,2,-azobisisobutyronitrile in an oxygen-and peroxide-free system produces a highly crosslinked polymer.
Second harmonic suppression bandpass filter using nonuniform open stubs

This article presents a bandpass filter with second harmonic suppression using nonuniform open stubs.The proposed bandpass filter uses the nonuniform open stub instead of the uniform open stub to suppress the second spurious harmonic frequency. The nonuniform open stub consists of two serial combined stepped impedance resonators with different characteristic impedances and different electrical lengths. The use of nonuniform open stubs improves the second harmonic suppression. The proposed bandpass filter using nonuniform open stub provides the broad bandwidth outside the passband without external circuits. The proposed bandpass filter has a return loss below 10 dB from 2.42 to 2.54 GHz and improved second harmonic suppression of 48 dB at 4.54 GHz. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1451–1453, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27640
Coordinated rocket measurements on the D-region winter anomaly—I. Experimental results

Simultaneous rocket measurements of D region temperatures and electron densities on anomalous winter day
Targeted Overexpression of the Angiogenesis Inhibitor Thrombospondin-1 in the Epidermis of Transgenic Mice Prevents Ultraviolet-B-Induced Angiogenesis and Cutaneous Photo-Damage

Chronic ultraviolet-B irradiation of the skin results in epidermal hyperplasia, degradation of extracellular matrix molecules, and formation of wrinkles. To characterize the biologic role of the vascular system in the mediation of ultraviolet-B-induced skin damage, we performed quantitative analyses of cutaneous blood vessels of mice after 10 wk of ultraviolet-B irradiation. Skin vascularization was greatly increased after chronic ultraviolet-B exposure with a significant increase of both the number and the size of dermal blood vessels, associated with upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the hyperplastic epidermis. To directly study whether inhibition of angiogenesis may diminish ultraviolet-B-induced cutaneous damage, wild-type and transgenic mice with skin-specific overexpression of the endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor thrombospondin-1 were subjected to the same ultraviolet-B irradiation regimen. Ultraviolet-B-irradiated thrombospondin-1 transgenic mice showed a significantly reduced skin vascularization, decreased endothelial cell proliferation, and increased endothelial cell apoptosis rates, compared with wild-type mice. Moreover, dermal photo-damage and wrinkle formation were greatly reduced in thrombospondin-1 transgenic mice. These results reveal an important role of the cutaneous vascular system in mediating ultraviolet-B-induced skin damage and suggest inhibition of angiogenesis as a potential new approach for the prevention of chronic cutaneous photo-damage.