cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of postirradiation washing on the growth and mineral content of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seedlings

A dose of 30 kR gamma radiation to seeds decreased fenugreek bean seedling height, fresh weight, and dry weight, especially as the seedlings grew older. This radiation dose also increased the observed nitrogen content, possibly due to the reduction in dry weight. Changes in phosphorous uptake were insignificant. A 15 kR dose decreased seedling heights and dry weights but not fresh weights. Intensive washing of nonirradiated seed for 24 hr under running water resulted in reduction of seedling heights, fresh weights and dry weight but not if irradiated. The 15 kR dose, with or without the washing treatment, caused insignificant changes in the nitrogen and phosphorus contents of seedlings. The washing treatment per se decreased seedling dry weight at all age levels, suggesting that some growth-promoting factor (or factors) was removed by the washing process.
Hydroxide-promoted core conversions of molybdenum-iron-sulfur edge-bridged double cubanes: oxygen-ligated topological PN clusters.

The occurrence of a heteroatom X (C, N, or O) in the MoFe7S9X core of the iron−molybdenum cofactor of nitrogenase has encouraged synthetic attempts to prepare high-nuclearity M−Fe−S−X clusters cont...
Attendance Matters: Religion and Ethical Affirmation of Gay and Lesbian Sexuality

This paper uses data from the 1974–2010 General Social Surveys to analyze the relationship between religion and ethical affirmation of gay and lesbian sexuality. Religion has become increasingly important in understanding the greater variation in ethical affirmation of same-sex sexuality over this time period. Yet in contrast to previous studies which have emphasized denominational affiliation, orthodoxy of religious belief, or alignment along a left–right political or theological spectrum as the key predictors, this study emphasizes the role of social isolation. With the sole exception of recent Mainline Protestants, religious service attendance is found to be a strong predictor of levels of affirmation regardless of denominational affiliation or level of conservatism, with liberal Christians who attend weekly religious services looking very similar to conservative Evangelicals who attend fewer services. A potential argument explaining this finding is put forth: Weekly attenders of religious services are more likely to be isolated into a narrower institutional field while more occasional attenders may hold identical theological and political beliefs but are more likely to have a breadth of perspective that comes from multiple institutional connections. As such, the barriers to greater affirmation of gay and lesbian sexuality may be less about religion than about social isolation.
Gradients in tumour growth.

WHEN tumour cells are inoculated into syngeneic mice their establishment and growth is subject to regulation by the host animal. We have shown this most effectively for the inoculation of a broad range of tumours into anterior compared with posterior portions of the trunk1. For example, when mammary tumour cells were injected intradermally into thoracic compared with lumbar regions of adult histocompatible mice, tumour growth anteriorly became detectable by more rapid palpation, and tumour growth was three to four times as rapid anteriorly as posteriorly. This difference between anterior and posterior injection sites also became manifest after subcutaneous inoculation; it was apparent after inoculation of a wide variety of tumour types (mastocytoma, melanoma, lymphoma, sarcoma, mammary adenocarcinoma); it was independent of the sex of the host animal; it was found in a variety of mouse strains; and it did not seem to be related to the immunocompetence of the host or to the immunogenicity of the tumour1,7. We have now determined that there are antero-posterior and dorso-ventral differences in the growth of tumour cells inoculated intradermally into adult histocompatible mice. Although we have no explanation for our results we suggest that the observed differences may reflect the existence of morphogenetic gradients reminiscent of those invoked to explain patterns of differentiation during ontogeny.
Near Field Pressure and Associated Coherent Structures of Excited Jets

Large Eddy Simulations (LES) were performed for Mach 0.9 and 1.3 cold jets to associate the structures of the shear layer with near field pressure fluctuations. The jets were excited by Localized Arc Filament Plasma Actuators (LAFPAs) arranged around the periphery of the nozzle with the axisymmetric (m = 0) mode. Excitation frequencies of St = fD/Uj = 0.05 to 0.25 (close to the column mode frequency) were computed for each Mach number. The St = 0.05 produces one pulse that propagates downstream without interacting with previously emitted pulses. This is referred to as the the impulse response. The St = 0.25 frequency exhibits subsequent pulse interactions. Simulation data for both Mach numbers was collected along three arrays at different radial locations. Strong agreement was found for the near field response to excitation and the mean center-line axial velocity between the subsonic simulations and the experiments. The experiment and simulations depict a large hydrodynamic wave downstream of the exit moving at the speed of convection near the shear layer consisting of a large peak followed by a large trough after the actuator pulse. For the highest excitation frequency, the interaction between structures yields an almost sinusoidal wave in the near field. These hydrodynamic waves are associated to the phase-averaged flow structure which includes a series of rollers and ribs and the associated dilatation field. The structure interactions from subsequent pulses results in a quasi-linear superposition of the impulse jet response (St = 0.05) to actuation. Auto-correlations and two-point correlations describe the development and interaction between adjacent structures in time and space.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Statistical Significance of Less Common Load Combinations

The purpose of this work is to provide a simple, rational basis for combining bridge loads in the extreme event limit state. Classic methods are used to evaluate the probabilities of traffic, seismic, and storm-related bridge loads occurring simultaneously and in various intensities. The loads are modeled using a Poisson distribution, which circumvents problems encountered when using normal- or log-normal distributions. The hazard level is evaluated directly using a negative exponential function in the time domain. An acceptable hazard level for combined events is subjectively based on that deemed acceptable for the strength limit state and extreme events occurring individually, as well as fiscal prudence. It is shown that (1) application of seismic loads to a structure already subjected to the combined effects of degradation, local pier scour, and contraction of the waterway is not justifiable; (2) live loads reduced from the anticipated 75-year maximum to a 2-week maximum are appropriate when designing a bridge in its 100-year “scoured-out” storm configuration; and (3) vehicular live loads are likely to be on a bridge during a seismic event, but other issues need to be considered.
CC3 Modeling Side Effect Costs from Literature‐Based Data: Steroid‐Induced Side Effects in Renal Transplantation

Assessing the economic impact of medication side effects is critical for the accurate determination of the cost-effectiveness of pharmaceuticals. It is often necessary to employ modeling techniques that utilize incidence rates that are based on the literature. OBJECTIVE: To present a calculation of the cost of steroid-induced side effects in renal transplantation as an example of a literature-based model and to discuss the assumptions, techniques, and difficulties inherent in the methodology. METHODS: We estimated the incidence of adverse events associated with steroids using evidence-based literature analyses. This evidence was used to construct a Markov cost model for each side effect. Side effects included in the analysis were hypertension (and its complications), post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM), peripheral bone fractures, osteonecrosis of the hip, and cataracts. RESULTS: The side effect incidences reported in the literature vary, in part due to different definitions and followup periods. Furthermore, data from randomized controlled trials can be handicapped by low statistical power to detect side effects and patient crossover or dropouts. Confounding and bias are concerns in case-control and cohort studies, and can complicate the determination of attributable risk from cohort studies. Utilizing the incidence data from the literature, the total 10-year discounted cost for a 50-patient cohort was $266,000. CONCLUSIONS: Extracting side effect incidence data from the literature is a challenging but essential step in modeling side effect costs. The variability in reported results should be ascertained, and assumptions requiring clinical expertise are often required. We have demonstrated the methodology and estimated the financial cost of adverse events associated with steroids in renal transplantation.
Savings and growth experiences of Korea and Japan

Abstract This paper contrasts the Korean and Japanese experiences with respect to the domestic I-S and external balances during the respective rapid growth era. It shows that when personal saving fell in Korea, the discrepancy with the domestic investment, which in itself is set by government planning, is financed by external borrowing. Japan avoided foreign borrowing in the 1950s and 1960s by curbing investment when necessary. Therefore, there are significant qualitative differences between Japan and Korea in their economic growth processes. J. Japan. Int. Econ ., September 1988, 2 (3), pp. 328–350. Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; and National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.
Mechanism of vinyl polymerizations. VIII.1 Introduction of foreign end groups

Results are reported of experiments designed to delineate more clearly the action of retarders and chain transfer agents and to place different labeled end groups at either end of polystyrene molecules.
A combined laboratory and numerical study of fully developed steady baroclinic waves in a cylindrical annulus

A description is given of a numerical model which has been used to simulate the steady baroclinic waves which may be observed in a fluid rotating about a vertical axis and subjected to a radial temperature gradient. the model is designed to provide accurate simulations of the observed flow without recourse to parametrization of small eddies. the model is verified by comparing the results of integrations with observed flows; many of the differences between the simulated and observed flows may be ascribed to the limited resolution of the model. the numerical model is used to provide data on the non-linear interactions between different scales of motion present in the steady flows. It is demonstrated that the predominant non-linear interaction, in the numerical model, involving the sidebands of the dominant wave is an interaction with the first harmonic of the dominant wave; this contrasts with an interaction with the long wave which was suggested by earlier workers. Experimental evidence is advanced to show that the sidebands may be enhanced by weak asymmetrical forcing and this sensitivity has been verified through the results the further numerical integrations.
Patient Adherence to Health Care Regimens

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by M.R. DiMatteo, volume 16, pp. 11111–11115, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
Three new species of Bromeliaceae from Ecuador

Three new species of Bromeliaceae (subfamily Tillandsioideae) from Ecuador are described and illustrated: Guzmania atrocastanea from Prov. Morona-Santiago; G. condorensis from Prov. Zamora-Chinchipe; and Vriesea boeghii from Prov. Loja.
Medical Services at Outdoor Music Festivals Risks and Recommendations

Those planning provision of medical services should consider the type of music, the antici pated size of the crowd, the locale, the available local resources, the length of the festival, the numbers and types of patients to be treated, and especially the potential criminal and civil liabil ity.
Iowa's cooperative extension service and red meats commodity groups cooperate to provide nutrition education

Heart disease continues to be the leading cause of death in the U.S., despite a dramatic drop in mortality from this disease over the last three decades. Reflecting a greater awareness of the connection between food intake and heart disease, the public has reduced its intake of several foods, including red meats. However, consumption of a particular type of food, such as red meats, is less important in determining heart disease risk than is the nutrient composition of the total diet. Moreover, moderate portions of fresh, lean, red meats, properly prepared, provide valuable nutrients in the diet, while contributing only low to moderate amounts of the specific nutrients linked to the etiology of heart disease. In Iowa it had been observed by both Cooperative Extension Service professionals and home economists with the Iowa Beef Industry Council and the Iowa Pork Producers Association that many individuals held misconceptions about the relationship between red meat consumption and heart disease. Therefore, these three groups cooperated to plan and implement two educational programs, one for professionals and one for consumers, on the role of beef and pork in diets consistent with the American Heart Association's dietary guidelines for healthy adults (1).
Numerical Simulations of Explosive Blast Pressures During Wall Breaching

During the past several years, the US Army has focused considerable attention toward developing improved methods for breaching walls and determining weapon-target interaction effects from direct- and indirect-fire weapons in the urban combat environment. A major thrust area is centered on developing methods for predicting the blast and fragmentation environment behind a breached wall. This information is important to the warfighter in terms of recognizing the expected impact on both enemy combatants, and non-combatants or friendly forces. One impediment to this effort is that little data exist to document the behind-wall blast environment produced by the detonation of explosives against or within walls. As part of the Army?s effort, the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) is conducting experimental and numerical investigations to improve wall breaching methods. In the experimental and numerical programs, the ERDC will conduct comprehensive research on a full range of urban construction materials. As a first step in this process, the ERDC conducted a baseline study of C-4 breaching effectiveness against steel-reinforced-concrete (RC) walls. A goal of this effort was to better define the behind wall blast environment produced by various C-4 charges placed in contact with RC walls. Numerical simulations of selected experiments were conducted using the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian code Zapotec. In these simulations, the concrete and reinforcing steel were modeled as Lagrangian materials, and the C-4 and air were modeled as Eulerian materials.
Energy Map: Mining Wireless Sensor Network Data

With more and more wireless sensor networks being deployed, how to design and manage these large-scale sensor networks, especially for energy efficiency, becomes a very important issue. The current sensor network management tools only offer limited management data such as energy level and location of each sensor. However, these data are isolated over time, not enough to reflect the dynamic nature of the sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a new framework for the network management of a large-scale sensor network, called Energy Map. Based on nonlinear manifold learning algorithms, we will be able to not only visualize the energy level and location of each sensor in a network but also to find the dynamic patterns from a large volume of sensor network data such as which set of sensors has been significantly consuming its energy or how far the cluster members are from the current cluster head. All these information is usually very important to develop a good sensor network protocol stack such as clustering algorithms and routing protocols. Our contribution made in this paper is to introduce nonlinear manifold learning methods to derive the energy distribution of a wireless sensor network. We also show several interesting results and discuss their significance to the energy-efficient designs of wireless sensor networks.
INSULIN AND GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE

The present status of the molecular nature of the enzyme glycogen synthase from rabbit skeletal muscle is reviewed. It is shown that per 90,000 Dalton subunit there are six phosphorylatable sites and six sulfhydryl groups. No pyridoxal phosphate is present. The enzyme has a hexagonal subunit visible in the electron microscope which associates to tetramers and higher forms as well. Insulin brings about a shift from dependent (D) to independent (I) form in all sensitive tissues. This is accompanied by a shift in the kinase from an I to D form. Although under certain conditions a decreased cyclic AMP concentration may be observed, under other conditions no change is observed. The combination of an altered kinase sensitivity to cyclic AMP together with a potential decrease in cyclic AMP concentration suggests a decreased kinase activity and explains the D to I shift in synthase. The question of a new intermediate related to cyclic AMP whose formation is stimulated by insulin is introduced as a hypothesis.
Numerical solution of modified-Kepler problem using a splitting method

An efficient geometric integrator is proposed for numerically solving the Kepler problem modified by an additional potential energy term. This method is stable over long integration times, uses relatively large timesteps and gives a good estimate of the global error. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate these advantages.
Alterations in water and salt metabolism after bilateral adrenalectomy in man.

INVESTIGATIONS into the mechanisms of adrenal insufficiency have focussed on salt and water metabolism since Bauman and Kurland (1) first demonstrated electrolyte changes in the serum of adrenalectomized cats. The urinary loss of salt and the therapeutic effects of a high-salt diet or of desoxycorticosterone acetate in adrenal insufficiency in man and animal (2–7) led to the concept that one function of the adrenal cortex is to protect against the renal depletion of body sodium. Additional studies in animals emphasized this point of view by indicating a reduction during adrenal insufficiency of plasma volume (8) and extracellular fluids (9-15). Analysis of tissues secured during adrenal insufficiency indicated changes in the intracellular constituents as well (12, 15–19). The concept has been revised to include as part of the syndrome the movement of water and potassium intracellularly which, in combination with renal loss of sodium and retention of potassium, leads to further reduction in the extracellul...
Oxygen kinetic isotope effects upon catalytic water oxidation by a monomeric ruthenium complex.

Oxygen isotope fractionation is applied for the first time to probe the catalytic oxidation of water using a widely studied ruthenium complex, [RuII(tpy)(bpy)(H2O)](ClO4)2 (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine; tpy = 2,2′;6″,2″-terpyridine). Competitive oxygen-18 kinetic isotope effects (18O KIEs) derived from the ratio of 16,16O2 to 16,18O2 formed from natural-abundance water vary from 1.0132 ± 0.0005 to 1.0312 ± 0.0004. Experiments were conducted with cerium(IV) salts at low pH and a photogenerated ruthenium(III) tris(bipyridine) complex at neutral pH as the oxidants. The results are interpreted within the context of catalytic mechanisms using an adiabatic formalism to ensure the highest barriers for electron-transfer and proton-coupled electron-transfer steps. In view of these contributions, O–O bond formation is predicted to be irreversible and turnover-limiting. The reaction with the largest 18O KIE exhibits the greatest degree of O–O coupling in the transition state. Smaller 18O KIEs are observed due to multiple r...
A few selected applications of surface nonlinear optical spectroscopy

As a second-order nonlinear optical process, sum-frequency generation is highly surface-specific and accordingly has been developed into a very powerful and versatile surface spectroscopic tool. It has found many unique applications in different disciplines and thus provided many exciting new research opportunities in surface and surface-related science. Selected examples are discussed here to illustrate the power of the technique.
Showing seeing: a critique of visual culture:

This essay attempts to map out the main issues surrounding visual studies as an emergent academic formation, and as a theoretical concept or object of research and teaching. After a survey of some ...
Chaotic direction-reversing waves

Symmetry-increasing bifurcations of strange attractors in systems with O 2 symmetry are shown to produce traveling waves that reverse their direction of propagation in a chaotic fashion. The resulting dynamics are illustrated using the normal form describing the triple zero instability. q 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
The whole is faster than its parts: evidence for temporally independent attention to distinct spatial locations

Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence suggests that visual attention operates in parallel at distinct spatial locations and samples the environment in periodic episodes. This combination of spatial and temporal characteristics raises the question of whether attention samples locations in a phase-locked or temporally independent manner. If attentional sampling rates were phase locked, attention would be limited by a global sampling rate. However, if attentional sampling rates were temporally independent, they could operate additively to sample higher rates of information. We tested these predictions by requiring participants to identify targets in 2 or 4 rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) streams, synchronized or asynchronized to manipulate the rate of new information globally (across streams). Identification accuracy exhibited little or no change when the global rate of new information doubled from 7.5 to 15 Hz (Experiment 1) or quadrupled to 30 Hz (Experiment 2). This relatively stable identification accuracy occurred even though participants reliably discriminated 7.5 Hz synchronous displays from displays globally asynchronized at 15 and 30 Hz (Metamer Control Experiment). Identification accuracy in the left visual field also significantly exceeded that in the right visual field. Overall, our results are consistent with temporally independent attention across distinct spatial locations and support previous reports of a right parietal “when” pathway specialized for temporal attention.
Application of a CMOS neuron for PCNN: Hopfield auto-associative memory

Application for a biologically inspired pulse-coded CMOS neuron, Hopfield autoassociative memory is presented. Given corrupted versions of the stored images, the trained network will able to recall the corresponding stored image near in Hamming distance (HD).
Academic Rankings in Research Institutions: A Case of Skewed Mind-Sets and Professional Amnesia

Adler and Harzing's excellent comprehensive treatment (this issue) of the issues surrounding academic rankings clarifies the problems with an approach that has characterized the logic and practices of academic research institutions. But this clarification is short-lived, for soon an overwhelming question becomes apparent: "Why?" Why is it that the academic environments in research institutions have been skewered by a system that is ineffective? Why have we succumbed to a system that reduces the search for truth into a wrongheaded and ill-conceived obsession with the less interesting and less productive question of what journals are best? What follows is my attempt to answer these questions as an accompaniment to the themes that Adler and Harzing have evoked. I first center on the mind-set that drives the focus on rankings and then turn to the amnesia that has allowed rankings to play such a prominent role. Finally, I argue that rankings have disconnected us from the way the rest of the world thinks and operates, and I offer a possible way to evaluate impact of this disconnection.
Invasive carcinomas of the urinary bladder. Evaluation of tunica muscularis mucosae involvement.

Awareness of the existence of a tunica muscularis mucosae in the urinary bladder complicates the assessment of muscle invasive carcinomas on bladder biopsy. Sixty cystectomy specimens and select bladder biopsies were reviewed to analyze this problem. The patterns of development of the tunica muscularis mucosae were catagorized as continuous, interrupted, scattered, or absent. Most bladders demonstrated several patterns of development rather than a uniform appearance. The most frequently observed pattern was that of scattered smooth muscle fibers seen in 33 of 40 (82.5%) cases. The rarity of carcinomatous invasion limited to the tunica muscularis mucosae is emphasized. The authors conclude that the potential for overstaging bladder carcinomas because of misinterpretation of this structure is small.
New, Highly Destructive Spider Mite Present in Southern California

A potentially highly destructive spider mite, Tetranychus Marianne Gregor, was first reported in California infesting nightshade, Solarium sp.. near San Bernardina in August 1965. The mite was found at Riverside, California, in June 1966, infesting lily-of-the-valley vine, Sal pechora rhomboids Mires. Both solanaceous hosts were severely damaged, resulting in considerable mortality. Subsequent greenhouse tests indicated that solanaceous plants were preferred hosts with tomato, Irish potato, eggplant, silver leaf nightshade ( Solarium elaeagnifoliun ), and lily-of-the-valley vine being killed within 3 to 5 weeks after being infested with mature T. Marianne females. Similarly infested bell pepper, cotton, and castor bean plants were only lightly injured. Similar results were obtained when the tests were conducted outdoors. By September, infestations were generally widespread on plants at the University of California Citrus Research Center and Agricultural Experiment Station, Riverside, being found on wild nightshade, and experimental plantings of tomato and exotic Solanaceae, with severe damage and mortality frequently occurring. Predators were noticeably absent on heavily infested plants. Preliminary life-history studies of T. Marianne revealed that a generation from egg to egg was completed in 8 days, and that an average of 16 eggs per female per day was laid by 25 field-collected females during a 5-day period, when reared on Irish potato plants in the in sectary at 82°F and 50% RH.
Rational using of resources of building brick clay in the city of Daqing

In order to rationally use the building brick clay resources in Daqing and meet the demand of the oilfield energy product industry and the municipal infrastructure construction,the paper puts forward the idea that the building brick clay resources in the city is abundant but is limited by the restricted mining area,forbidden mining area and the distance between the area getting and using the clay,based on the comprehensive analysis of the recent condition of the use of building brick clay resources.The planned mining and the continually using of the building brick clay resources is achieved by the increase of the utilization ratio,tap the potential of the dominant area,rational distribution and pay attention to the ecological restoration of the area after getting clay.
Study on Withstand Voltage Test of Capacitor Voltage Transformer Element

With the wide use of capacitor voltage transformer( CVT) in power system,some problems occurs in the operation,in which the common one is breakdown fault of internal capacitor element. Although CVT capacitor element has high dielectric margin,yet the withstand voltage fature of the element and influence of definite number of brokendown elements on safety of complete CVT are not tested and studied. In this paper,the element breakdown and integrated withstand voltage test and study for complete set or single voltage divider's capacitance is performed,whether existance of complete breakdown after breakdown of a certain number of capacitance components is verified and probable threshold applicable for CVT on-line monitoring system is obtained.
Toward Smarter Lumping and Smarter Splitting: Rethinking Strategies for Sepsis and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Trial Design.

Both quality improvement and clinical research efforts over the past few decades have focused on consensus definition of sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although clinical definitions based on readily available clinical data have advanced recognition and timely use of broad supportive treatments, they likely hinder the identification of more targeted therapies that manipulate select biological mechanisms underlying critical illness. Sepsis and ARDS are by definition heterogeneous, and patients vary in both their underlying biology and their severity of illness. We have long been able to identify subtypes of sepsis and ARDS that confer different prognoses. The key is that we are now on the verge of identifying subtypes that may confer different response to therapy. In this perspective, inspired by a 2015 American Thoracic Society International Conference Symposium entitled “Lumpers and Splitters: Phenotyping in Critical Illness,” we highlight promising approaches to uncovering patient...
Reconstruction of the athlete's injured knee: anatomy, diagnosis, treatment.

Summary In order to get the best results, the athlete with the injured knee must have a prompt examination using roentgenographic techniques as required. Early surgery is recommended for the acute injury, and reconstructive procedures may be beneficial in regaining a stable knee. Attention should be paid to the neurovascular status of the extremity after these injuries to avoid catastrophies. For the athlete to be permitted to return to active competition, complete rehabilitation must be obtained to prevent recurrence of the injury or additional injury.
Structural Basis for Cooperative Function of Mettl3 and Mettl14 Methyltransferases.

Summary N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) is a prevalent, reversible chemical modification of functional RNAs and is important for central events in biology. The core m 6 A writers are Mettl3 and Mettl14, which both contain methyltransferase domains. How Mettl3 and Mettl14 cooperate to catalyze methylation of adenosines has remained elusive. We present crystal structures of the complex of Mettl3/Mettl14 methyltransferase domains in apo form as well as with bound S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) or S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) in the catalytic site. We determine that the heterodimeric complex of methyltransferase domains, combined with CCCH motifs, constitutes the minimally required regions for creating m 6 A modifications in vitro. We also show that Mettl3 is the catalytically active subunit, while Mettl14 plays a structural role critical for substrate recognition. Our model provides a molecular explanation for why certain mutations of Mettl3 and Mettl14 lead to impaired function of the methyltransferase complex.
Chapter 6 The Institutional Context of Epistemic Communities: Experts in P. T. Bauer's Work

The growth of knowledge literature acknowledges the importance of the institutional context of science for the discovery of knowledge. This chapter argues that in addition to the institutions that connect experts, the institutional context that exists between experts and their subjects importantly influences the relevance of the knowledge that experts discover. When experts are removed from their subject and feedback mechanisms are weak, the type of knowledge discovered by networks of experts has little policy relevance. When experts operate in a network that is closely linked to their subjects, the type of knowledge they discover will have a greater degree of policy relevance. Evidence from P. T. Bauer's work on different networks of experts in the developing world is used to illustrate this theory.
Spontaneous Involution of Pineal Cyst in an Infant

A full-term newborn girl presenting at birth with macrocephaly and a large pineal region hemorrhagic cyst without neurologic deficit is reported from the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida.
Ocean productivity from space: Commentary

Ocean color measurements from satellites have been used to estimate global oceanic productivity for about 30 years, but the approach still has many problems. A combination of more sophisticated satellite products with improved models has the potential of higher accuracy, but in reality the improvement in accuracy during the last two decades has been minimal. Persistent cloud cover over the oceans and low Sun elevation over polar areas severely limit the potential of operational satellite ocean color measurements. A combination of remote measurements from both satellites and suborbital platforms as well as from a large number of autonomous devices in the ocean can overcome these limitations in the future.
Optimizing maternal and neonatal outcomes with postpartum contraception: impact on breastfeeding and birth spacing.

Postpartum contraception is important to prevent unintended pregnancies. Assisting women in achieving recommended inter-pregnancy intervals is a significant maternal-child health concern. Short inter-pregnancy intervals are associated with negative perinatal, neonatal, infant, and maternal health outcomes. More than 30% of women experience inter-pregnancy intervals of less than 18 months in the United States. Provision of any contraceptive method after giving birth is associated with improved inter-pregnancy intervals. However, concerns about the impact of hormonal contraceptives on breastfeeding and infant health have limited recommendations for such methods and have led to discrepant recommendations by organizations such as the World Health Organization and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In this review, we discuss current recommendations for the use of hormonal contraception in the postpartum period. We also discuss details of the lactational amenorrhea method and effects of hormonal contraception on breastfeeding. Given the paucity of high quality evidence on the impact on hormonal contraception on breastfeeding outcomes, and the strong evidence for improved health outcomes with achievement of recommended birth spacing intervals, the real risk of unintended pregnancy and its consequences must not be neglected for fear of theoretical neonatal risks. Women should establish desired hormonal contraception before the risk of pregnancy resumes. With optimization of postpartum contraception provision, we will step closer toward a healthcare system with fewer unintended pregnancies and improved birth outcomes.
Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease and Pretransplant Disease Status Predict Outcomes in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies Undergoing Reduced Intensity Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Reduced intensity stem cell transplantation (SCT) is an effective treatment modality for patients with hematologic malignancies who are not candidates for conventional myeloablative SCT. We conducted a retrospective review of all patients with hematologic malignancies receiving a reduced intensity allogeneic SCT from July 2002 to July 2007. Data pertaining to patient demographics, engraftment, disease status pre and post transplant, graft versus host disease (GVHD), and HLA matching was analyzed to identify factors significantly affecting the clinical outcome. Seventy three patients, with a median age of 55 (range of 19–70) and with the diagnoses of ALL (n=8), AML (n=30), CLL (n=3), CML (n=1), Hodgkin’s (n=7), non-Hodgkin’s (n=7), MDS (n=11), and MM (n=6) underwent a reduced intensity SCT using a fludarabine based conditioning regimen. Thirty nine (53%) received unrelated donor grafts and 34 (47%) received sibling donor grafts. Fifty six patients (77%) received fully matched grafts whereas 17 patients (23%) had an antigen or allele mismatch. Acute GVHD grade II-IV was observed in 27 of the 73 patients and chronic GVHD was seen in 18 of the 48 patients who could be evaluated. Seventeen patients developed transplant related fatal complications and 30 patients died from disease progression or relapse. Median time to neutrophil recovery was 15 days (range of 9–41 days) and median time to platelet recovery was 18 days (range of 9–42 days). Graft failure was observed in 6 of the 73 patients. Median overall survival and disease free survival for all patients was 7.7 and 6.6 months respectively. Median overall survival for patients with persistent disease or in remission at the time of the SCT was 5.6 and 21.8 months ( p= 0.01 ) while that for disease free survival was 5.7 and 8.4 months ( p=0.06 ). Median overall survival with and without chronic GVHD was 25.6 and 9.4 months ( p <0.0001 ) while median disease free survival was 18.2 and 6.0 months ( p< 0.0001 ). Patients with limited chronic GVHD have not yet reached median overall survival while the median disease free survival was 18.4 months. Those with no or extensive chronic GVHD had medians of 9.4 and 9.2 months for overall survival and 6.0 and 9.2 months for disease free survival ( p= 0.004 and p=0.02 ). The source of the stem cells as well as the administration of allele or single antigen mismatch grafts did not affect the outcome. Reduced intensity SCT is an effective treatment modality in patients with hematologic malignancies, though it is most effective in patients who are in remission at the time of transplant and should be offered in this setting. Patients with limited chronic GVHD had a better outcome suggesting the presence of potent anti-tumor activity of the donor immune competent cells without the detrimental effects in clinical outcome caused by extensive chronic GVHD.
Implementation and impact of a chronic kidney disease elective for second-year pharmacy students.

Abstract Background and purpose Pharmacists can make a great impact on the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is a highly prevalent and costly disorder. This article describes the implementation and impact of a CKD elective course for second-year pharmacy students, which aimed to expose students to CKD and enhance their ability to care for these patients. Educational activity and setting Topics associated with CKD were covered in a fifteen-week, three credit hour course. Various active-learning techniques were utilized, including student presentations of pharmacotherapy and primary literature, team-based learning though patient case discussions, and interactions with standardized and actual patients. Surveys designed to assess students’ career goals and level of confidence with assessing primary literature, delivering presentations to peers, working as members of a team, and communicating with patients were administered at the beginning and end of the course. Findings Twenty-three students (100%) participated in the initial survey, and nineteen (86.4%) participated in the final survey. Students gave more positive responses on the final survey that they were considering a career in ambulatory care (P=0.03), planning to pursue a career in ambulatory care (P=0.02), considering a career in kidney disease management (P=0.02), and planning to pursue a career in kidney disease management (P=0.0498). Students also felt more confident in their ability to assess primary literature (P=0.005) and deliver presentations to their peers (P=0.02). Summary Courses such as this can expose students to new and unique career paths and help them develop key skills to promote a successful and fulfilling pharmacy career.
Student Work-Teams: Diagnosing Problems by Computer

AbstractOne of the emerging areas for microcomputer applications is in assisting with complex decision-making (e.g., expert systems). QUORUM is one such system that helps group members diagnose, understand and manage group problems. One hundred and eleven business students from permanent student work-teams were asked to use QUORUM with their work-teams in mind. Academic major, number of group problems described, and hardware/software malfunctions were found to have some relation to attitudes. Sex was not found to be significantly related to attitudes toward the system. The implications for QUORUM and other expert systems are discussed.
Tools for electromagnetic modeling and visualization using the FDTD technique

Because of the invisible nature of electromagnetic waves, the tasks of analyzing, modeling, and designing of antennas and microwave devices are less manageable than the design of other types of electronic circuits or devices. Efforts have been focused on building tools for visualizing electromagnetic waves emerging from canonical and simple structures. With lesser success, there are a few modeling tools available for a true analysis of practical EM designs. However, the majority of such available tools are basically commercial in nature and are cost prohibitive to the researchers in the academic environment. This paper provides an overview of several graphical user interfaces (GUIs) developed for electromagnetic computational tools for the finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique. These user interfaces overcome the major difficulties that slow down the EM analysis process. The main tasks of these GUIs are to simplify the process of describing a composite structure to the computational engine, to provide real-time visualization of the generated fields and other related parameters, and to allow for post processing of the computed field values. Tools for 1D, 2D FDTD, and 3D FDTD interface, are presented.
Resistance training performed at distinct angular velocities elicits velocity-specific alterations in muscle strength and mobility status in older adults.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of high and low velocity knee extension training on changes in muscle strength and mobility status in high-functioning older adults. Methods Twenty-six (16 female, 10 male) older adults (mean age of 65) were randomized to either 6 weeks of low velocity resistance training (LVRT) performed at 75°/s or high velocity resistance training (HVRT) performed at 240°/s. Both groups performed 3 sets of knee extension exercises at maximal effort, 3 times a week. Muscle strength was assessed through a range of testing velocities on an isokinetic dynamometer. Mobility status was assessed with the short physical performance battery (SPPB) and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) transcript levels were quantified via qRT-PCR. Results From baseline to post-training, there were several significant (P Conclusion HVRT is emerging as the optimal training stimulus for the older adult. The present study demonstrates, in addition to increased strength and functional outcomes, HVRT elicits a potentially therapeutic (i.e., slow to fast) transcriptional response in MyHC.
PNFLBA-02 A HEAD TO HEAD COMPARATIVE PHASE II TRIAL OF STANDARD URINE CULTURE AND SENSITIVITY VERSUS DNA NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING TESTING FOR URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

Many studies have discussed clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of cystitis and pyelonephritis. Treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) can be based on empiric antibiotic therapy. For complicated or recurrent UTIs, therapy can be based on laboratory-controlled culture and sensitivity (C&S) reports. The diagnosis of UTI by clinical criteria alone has an error rate of up to 33%. In addition, positive laboratory culture results do not always indicate a diagnosis of UTI. Comparison of urine in a conventional culture model versus DNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) to accurately identify and provide information on resistance factors (mobile genetic elements) is warranted. Our study was a head-to-head comparative phase II study of standard urine C&S versus DNA NGS testing for the diagnosis and treatment efficacy in patients with symptoms of acute cystitis based on short-term outcomes.
Diminishing Effectiveness of Long-Term Maintenance Topical Steroid Therapy in PPI Non-Responsive Eosinophilic Esophagitis

OBJECTIVES:While topical corticosteroids are first-line therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), the data regarding long-term effectiveness are lacking. We aimed to determine long-term histologic and endoscopic outcomes of maintenance therapy in EoE steroid responders.METHODS:We performed a retro
Microwave Dielectric Relaxation of Lithium Salts in Media of Low Permittivity at t=25°C

This paper reviews data (taken in our laboratory) of complex permittivities of solutions of lithium salts at U.H.F. and microwave frequencies. The solvents used were tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl- and diethylcar-bonate.
Writing Stories, Rewriting Identities: Using Journalism Education and Mobile Technologies to Empower Marginalized High School Students.

ABSTRACTThis study examines the impact that producing a print newspaper using cell phones had on marginalized students in a high school journalism classroom. Analysis of data from participant obser...
The Assessment and Treatment of the Psychiatric Needs of Medically Compromised Infants: Consultation With Preterm Infants and Their Families

Child psychiatrists play a crucial role in the care of medically compromised infants and young children, both during acute hospitalization and in the months to years of recovery afterwards. Prematurity provides a model for the role of child psychiatry in the care of medically compromised infants, because prematurity affects not only the infant‘s development but also the family‘s functioning. The child psychiatrist, with a special interest in infancy and by virtue of his or her medical training, has an appreciation of the biologic aspects of the infant‘s illness and how these factors influence immediate and long-term development. Additionally, through an understanding of the dynamics of becoming a parent and developing attachments alongside loss and mourning, and of the persistent effects of traumatic experiences on later behaviors, the child psychiatrist is able to provide more comprehensive interventions for families struggling with the uncertainties of an infant‘s illness. By integrating these different domains of understanding, the child psychiatrist can help sensitize other professionals caring for the infant and family to the many needs of both that are integral to healthy development and adaptation in the recovery phase.
Isolating the Effect of Compulsory Voting Laws on Political Sophistication: Exploiting Intra-National Variation in Mandatory Voting Laws between the Austrian Provinces

A legal requirement to vote successfully increases voter turnout, decreasing disparities between voters and non-voters, and causing significant changes in the composition of the active electorate. There is an active debate over whether this institutionally driven expansion of the electorate will improve civic culture or, on the contrary, flood elections with political ignorance. This paper estimates the effect of compulsory voting laws on individual-level political sophistication through a comparative case study that exploits changing mandatory voting regulations across the Austrian Provinces over time. A theoretical section outlines four causal mechanisms through which compulsory voting should increase political information. The empirical section constructs novel measures intended to quantify long-term and short-term exposure to compulsory voting laws. The results suggest that exposure to mandatory voting laws caused citizens to increase their political interest and attention to political news, as well as their level of information about party platforms on EU integration. However, compulsory voting had no effect on citizens’ ability to identify the left-right ideological position of the major political parties.