cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Race Relations in Colonial Trinidad 18701900

Acknowledgements Glossary 1. Introduction 2. The environment 3. The white elite 4. Education and mobility 5. The rise of a coloured and black middle class 6. The urban labouring population 7. The black rural masses 8. The souls of black folk 9. The Indians 10. Racism and race relations: the divided society Abbreviations Notes Bibliography Index.
Perinatal Screening for Chagas Disease in Southern Texas

Perinatal screening for Trypanosoma cruzi in a cohort of 4000 predominantly Hispanic women in southern Texas revealed that Chagas disease occurs with sufficient frequency (0.25%) that targeted perinatal screening should be considered to identify infected mothers and infants at risk for congenital infection.
Age and Gender Related Differences in Human Parotid Gland Gene Expression

Objective The present study evaluated differences in gene expression associated with age and gender in the human parotid gland.
A Differential Orbit Improvement Program for Lunar Orbiter

The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory plans to expand the Differential Orbit Improvement program to determine lunar orbits as well. The orbits will be determined in a moon-fixed selenocentric reference system. Observations of directions, ranges, and ranger-rate (Doppler) from the Earth’s surface as well as from the Moon’s surface will be used. It is planned that observations of lunar satellites from a moon-fixed station will also be used. An ephemeris for the Moon will have to be given, but additional correction to those ephemerides will be determined the same way as correction to the observing station’s coordinates are determined with earth satellites. The use of the phenomenological approach that has been so successful for earth satellites will have many advantages in the determination of selenocentric orbits, at least for the beginning of the lunar satellite era.
Diameters of Cayley graphs of Chevalley groups

We show that for integers k>=2 and n>=3, the diameter of the Cayley graph of SL"n(Z/kZ) associated with a standard two-element generating set is at most a constant times n^2lnk. This answers a question of A. Lubotzky concerning SL"n(F"p) and is unexpected because these Cayley graphs do not form an expander family. Our proof amounts to a quick algorithm for finding short words representing elements of SL"n(Z/kZ). We generalize our results to other Chevalley groups over Z/kZ.
A primer on acupuncture

Because of its effectiveness in providing relief for a wide variety of disorders and symptoms, acupuncture treatment is becoming widely accepted as an alternative therapy. Indeed, 40% of Americans are reported to have sought some type of nonconventional therapy in the previous year. Although the theory and beliefs about the acupuncture process are complex and may require a different way of thinking about health and harmony, it is important that health care professionals increase their knowledge about such therapies so we can continue to provide support and information to our patients.
L-Carnitine Administration Reduces Number of Episodes in Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome

Patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome suffer from recurring episodes of severe nausea and vomiting. This paper presents 6 patients who responded to 1-carnitine administration. Average time between episodes was 1.7 months before carnitine administration and increased to 1.1 years after carnitine administration. Average dose of carnitine administered was 50 mg/kg. Oral carnitine may be useful to control the symptoms in patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome.
A 12b 5-to-50MS/s 0.5-to-1V voltage scalable zero-crossing based pipelined ADC

A voltage scalable zero-crossing based (ZCB) pipelined ADC is built in 65nm GP (general purpose) CMOS process and LP (low power) CMOS process. The highly digital implementation characteristic of the zero-crossing based circuit technique enables energy efficient operation and supply voltage scaling. A unidirectional coarse-fine charge transfer scheme is developed to allow low-voltage operation as well as high speed and high resolution. At 1.0V(GP) / 1.2V(LP) nominal supply and 50MS/s, the ADC achieves 67.7dB(GP) / 68.1dB(LP) SNDR after calibration while dissipating 4.07mW(GP) / 4.93mW(LP), resulting in an FOM of 41.0fJ/step(GP) / 47.5fJ/step(LP). The supply voltage scalability is demonstrated down to 0.5V(GP) / 0.8V(LP) and improves the FOM to 28.0fJ/step(GP) / 37.8fJ/step(LP), while maintaining higher than 66dB SNDR.
Cord blood copeptin concentrations in fetal macrosomia.

Abstract Background/aim Excessive fetal growth is associated with increased adiposity and reduced insulin sensitivity at birth. Copeptin, a surrogate marker of arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion, is upregulated in states of hyperinsulinemia and is considered one of the mediators of insulin resistance. We aimed to investigate cord blood concentrations of copeptin (C-terminal fragment of AVP pro-hormone) in healthy large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants at term. Methods This prospective study was conducted on 30 LGA (n = 30) and 20 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA, n = 20) singleton full-term healthy infants. Cord blood copeptin and insulin concentrations were determined by ELISA and IRMA, respectively. Infants were classified as LGA or AGA, based on customized birth-weight standards adjusted for significant determinants of fetal growth. Results Cord blood copeptin concentrations were similar in LGA cases, compared to AGA controls, after adjusting for delivery mode. However, in the LGA group, cord blood copeptin concentrations positively correlated with birth-weight (r = 0.422, p = 0.020). In the AGA group, cord blood copeptin concentrations were elevated in cases of vaginal delivery vs elective cesarean section (p = 0.003). Cord blood insulin concentrations were higher in LGA cases, compared to AGA controls (p = 0.036). No association was recorded between cord blood copeptin concentrations and maternal age, parity, gestational age or fetal gender in both groups. Conclusions Cord blood copeptin concentrations may not be up-regulated in non-distressed LGA infants. However, the positive correlation between cord blood copeptin concentrations and birth-weight in the LGA group may point to the documented association between AVP release and increased fat deposition. Vaginal delivery vs elective cesarean section is accompanied by a marked stress-related increase of cord blood copeptin concentrations.
The Inefficiency of Clearing Mandates

In the aftermath of the financial crisis, attention has turned to reducing systemic risk in the derivatives markets. Much of this attention has focused on counterparty risk in the over-the-counter market, where trades are bilaterally executed between dealers and derivative purchasers. One proposal for addressing such counterparty risk is to mandate the trading of derivatives over a centralized clearinghouse. This paper lays out the advantages and risks to a mandated clearing requirement, showing how, in some instances, such a mandate can actually increase systemic risk and result in more financial bailouts.This paper also describes the dynamics of counterparty risk in the derivatives market. Discussing the relative importance of both the risk that arises from the price risk of the instrument at issue and the financial condition of the counterparty. The analysis then turns to an evaluation of how bilateral markets and clearinghouses manage these two risks. After demonstrating that resolving and replacing defaulted trades is the primary resolution problem facing both market structures, the paper lays out an auction alternative designed to address this issue.
Development of a Fire Risk Model to Identify Areas of Increased Potential for Fire Occurrences.

The purposes of this study were to use geographic information systems to create a cartographic risk model predicting areas of increased potential for fire occurrences and to validate the model. Seven literature-identified risk factors associated with burn injury were older than 65 years, non-white race, below high school education, low socioeconomic status, rented housing, year home built, and home value. Geographic information system methods were used in risk factor model development. Model validation occurred using residential county fire dispatch data and statistical analysis. Areas of high and severe risk were primarily located in the northwestern and central county regions. A strong correlation (r =.66) was found between risk model scores and fire incidence rates. Significant differences in mean fire rates by risk category (F (187,3) = 87.58, P Language: en
The evolution of the electronic health record.

Medical record documentation of patient data has evolved during the past several years. Early patient medical records included brief, written case history reports maintained for teaching purposes. One such document obtained is a text from Egypt of 48 case reports that includes injuries, fractures, wounds, dislocations, and tumors that date back to 1600 BC. This document was written on papyrus text and acquired by Edwin Smith, an Egyptologist, in 1862 (Atta, 1999; Gillum, 2013). Case reports served as the patient record for many years, used only intermittently by physicians. By the 1880s, concerns regarding medical records as legal documents for insurance and malpractice cases encouraged administrators of hospitals to supervise record content (Gillum, 2013). By 1898, the patient record came to the bedside, moving from retrospective documentation to cases reported in actual time. Medical records resembled more of the present-day record with family history, patient habits, previous illnesses, present illness, physical examination, admission urine, blood analysis, progress notes, discharge diagnosis, and instructions (Gillum, 2013). .
Adenocarcinoma indolence and progression: Biological basis

lung tumor formation in Type II cells. Finally, using an in vitro 3D tumor sphere culture system derived from Kras activated Type II cells, we discovered small molecules that specifically inhibit KrasG12D driven tumor sphere formation by differentiation of Type II cells to Kras-resistant proximal cells. Our findings could provide new therapeutic strategies to target Kras-activated lung cancer by either blocking Type II cell dedifferentiation or promoting Type II cell proximalization.
Birefringence in etched and tapered polarization-preserving fibers

Fibers with high birefringence are used in devices such as directional couplers in which the state of polarization of the light must be maintained or controlled. During the fabrication of these devices, the fibers are frequently polished1, etched,2 and/or tapered.3 These processes have the secondary effect of changing the local birefringence in the fiber, which in turn determines the polarization properties of these devices. Here we report the effect of tapering and combinations of etching and tapering on the local birefringence of a polarization-preserving fiber, We discuss the performance limitations imposed on devices by these effects.
3D Representation of Retinal Blood Vessels through Digital Interference Holography

This paper presents a 3D amplitude model of a pig retina sample with micron-scale resolution using Digital Interference Holography. We concentrate on the retinal vessels visualization and the retinal vessels width estimation.
Ratchetlike slip angle anisotropy on printed superhydrophobic surfaces.

The fabrication and properties of superhydrophobic surfaces that exhibit ratchet-like anisotropic slip angle behavior is described. The surface is composed of arrays of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS...
Telemedicine and competitive change in health care

Telemedicine--the delivery of health care services to the underserved through communications technologies--has the potential to bring medical care to remote areas where health care is either inadequate or nonexistent. Telemedicine can be something as simple as a phone call, a network transmission of a radiograph or other diagnostic image, or, much more advanced, realtime video surgical consultations from anywhere on the globe. Telemedicine programs operate throughout Europe, Japan, and Australia. International programs, for profit and nonprofit, serve Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. The United States is also a major telemedicine developer, principally through government agencies such as the Department of Defense and the Office of Rural Health Policy, and, to a lesser extent, the private sector. But telemedicine in the United States has yet to prove itself economically viable, and it faces a number of political and regulatory barriers. Even more significantly, telemedicine's potential to increase overall health care spending by increasing access to health care has deterred private industry from investing heavily in it. In the short term, telemedicine's most important contribution to health care may be raising fundamental questions about United States health care policy.
Autonomous action and autonomy-subverting psychiatric conditions

The following theses are defended in this paper: (1) The concept of autonomous action is centrally relevant to understanding numerous psychiatric conditions, namely, conditions that subvert autonomy; (2) The details of an analysis of autonomous action matter; a vague or rough characterization is less illuminating; (3) A promising analysis for this purpose (and generally) is a version of the "multi-tier model". After opening with five vignettes, I begin the discussion by highlighting strengths and weaknesses of contributions by other authors who examine the relationship between autonomy and autonomy-subverting psychiatric conditions. I then present an analysis of the concept of autonomous action, before employing this analysis in a suggestive exploration of the conditions illustrated in the vignettes.
Sensory Attributes and Safety Aspects of Germinated Small-Seeded Soybeans and Mungbeans.

Sprouts of two small-seeded soybean strains were characterized as more intense in nutty aroma and flavor and less intense in bitter, grassy and beany flavor notes than mungbean sprouts or market samples of soybean sprouts. Sprouts did not differ in sweetness. The sprouts of the two test soybeans were moderately tender and crisp but less tender than mungbean sprouts. Yeasts and fungi were found on market samples of mungbean and soybean sprouts. Fungi were also present on sprouts of one test soybean. No aflatoxins (B1, G1, G2, B2a) were identified by thin layer or high performance liquid chromatography, and no other toxins were indicated by chicken embryo bioassay.
Surface aging mechanisms of A.C. plasma display panels

Excellent life performance is being achieved for A.C. plasma display panels through understanding of the causes of voltage changes, surface overcoat material research and adjustment of the manufacturing process to eliminate contaminants. It has been found that surface aging phenomena rather than gas changes, are dominant in many praticai cases. Because of preferential operation patterns (i.e. alpha-numerics) a differential aging pattern may evolve. The differential pattern is the result of voltage changes which are different for heavily operated and lightly or non-operated cells. It is shown that the nature and extent of surface changes are dependent on overcoat material selection and the presence (or non-presence) of contaminants introduced during manufacture.
Equitable Leadership on the Ground: Converging on High-Leverage Practices.

What would leadership standards look like if developed through a lens and language of equity? We engaged with a group of 40 researchers, practitioners, and community leaders recognized as having expertise on equity in education to address this question. Using a Delphi technique, an approach designed to elicit expert feedback and measure convergence around a question of interest, these leaders participated in three rounds of data gathering. In Rounds One and Two, the 40 participants described and then rated leadership practices they believed to be most likely to mitigate race, class, and other group-based disparities between dominant and nondominant students. In Round Three, 14 of these experts participated in focus group sessions, using the findings from the first two rounds to ultimately converge around 10 high-leverage leadership practices for equity. Findings highlight the importance of leadership centered on countering systemic and structural barriers that maintain disparities, with implications for leadership preparation, policy, and tools to support organizational leadership for equity.
Spectra of operators in large N tensor models

We study the operators in the large $N$ tensor models, focusing mostly on the fermionic quantum mechanics with $O(N{)}^{3}$ symmetry which may be either global or gauged. In the model with global symmetry, we study the spectra of bilinear operators, which are in either the symmetric traceless or the antisymmetric representation of one of the $O(N)$ groups. In the symmetric traceless case, the spectrum of scaling dimensions is the same as in the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model with real fermions; it includes the $h=2$ zero mode. For the operators antisymmetric in the two indices, the scaling dimensions are the same as in the additional sector found in the complex tensor and SYK models; the lowest $h=0$ eigenvalue corresponds to the conserved $O(N)$ charges. A class of singlet operators may be constructed from contracted combinations of $m$ symmetric traceless or antisymmetric two-particle operators. Their two-point functions receive contributions from $m$ melonic ladders. Such multiple ladders are a new phenomenon in the tensor model, which does not seem to be present in the SYK model. The more typical $2k$-particle operators do not receive any ladder corrections and have quantized large $N$ scaling dimensions $k/2$. We construct pictorial representations of various singlet operators with low $k$. For larger $k$, we use available techniques to count the operators and show that their number grows as ${2}^{k}k!$. As a consequence, the theory has a Hagedorn phase transition at the temperature which approaches zero in the large $N$ limit. We also study the large $N$ spectrum of low-lying operators in the Gurau-Witten model, which has $O(N{)}^{6}$ symmetry. We argue that it corresponds to one of the generalized SYK models constructed by Gross and Rosenhaus. Our paper also includes studies of the invariants in large $N$ tensor integrals with various symmetries.
Finite Temperature Green's Function Approach for Excited State and Thermodynamic Properties of Cool to Warm Dense Matter.

We present a finite-temperature extension of the retarded cumulant Green's function for calculations of exited-state, correlation, and thermodynamic properties of electronic systems. The method incorporates a cumulant to leading order in the screened Coulomb interaction $W$, and improves on the $GW$ approximation of many-body perturbation theory. Results for the homogeneous electron gas are presented for a wide range of densities and temperatures, from cool to warm dense matter regimes, which reveal several hitherto unexpected properties. For example, correlation effects remain strong at high $T$ while the exchange-correlation energy becomes small; also the spectral function broadens and damping increases with temperature, blurring the usual quasiparticle picture. These effects are evident, e.g., in Compton scattering which exhibits many-body corrections that persist at normal densities and intermediate $T$. The approach also yields exchange-correlation energies and potentials in good agreement with existing methods.
Interdependencies in Critical Infrastructure Modeling

Critical infrastructures are highly interconnected both within an infrastructure sector and with one another. In many cases, there are also cyber systems that provide information or control to those infrastructures. Those dependencies can lead to unexpected consequences in the event of an incident. Simulation models that account for dependencies are critical to gain insight. This document provides an overview of accounting for dependencies in constructing simulation models and some of the associated challenges. The 9-1-1 system provides an example of a highly connected critical infrastructure system.
Epidemiologic Factors, Clinical Presentation, Causes, and Outcomes of Liver Abscess: A 35-Year Olmsted County Study.

Abstract Objective To report the changing incidence, clinical presentation, microbiologic spectrum, and outcomes of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) in Olmsted County, Minnesota, over the past 35 years. Patients and Methods The Rochester Epidemiology Project was used to identify residents with PLA from January 1, 1980, through December 31, 2014. The study included all patients older than 18 years, with the diagnosis of PLA confirmed through radiographic review and microbiologic cultures. Results In total, 72 patients received a diagnosis of PLA from 1980 through 2014. The age-adjusted incidence for men was 3.92 cases per 100,000 person-years (95% CI, 2.76-5.09 cases per 100,000 person-years) compared with 1.87 cases per 100,000 person-years (95% CI, 1.15-2.59 cases per 100,000 person-years) for women. Incidence was higher in the period from January 1, 2001, through December 31, 2014, than in the period from January 1, 1980, through December 31, 2000, for women (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 3.8; 95% CI, 1.43-10.09; P =.007) but not for men (IRR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.55-1.76; P =.96). Fifteen additional patients had postintervention PLA (1980-2000: n=3 of 29 [10.3%] vs 2001-2015: n=12 of 58 [20.6%]). A significant association was seen between age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates of PLA and year of diagnosis (per year since 1980: IRR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.07; P Streptococcus milleri was the most common organism identified (52.5%). Organisms with multidrug resistance were more common in the period from 2001 through 2014 than in the period from 1980 through 2000 (51% vs 14%; P =.005). The overall mortality rate of PLA was 16.8% (95% CI, 7.6%-25.0%) at 6 months. Conclusion The incidence of PLA is increasing, probably because of increase in frequency of hepatobiliary interventions and organisms with multidrug resistance.
A novel partial gravity ground-based analog for rats via quadrupedal unloading

This research article describes the first quadrupedal unloading model in rats that is sustainable for investigating the physiological alterations occurring in partial gravity environments, providin...
Further Effects of Phylogenetic Tree Style on Student Comprehension in an Introductory Biology Course.

This study investigated how style impacted student interpretations of phylogenetic trees. Before instruction, students were significantly more accurate interpreting and constructing bracket-style p...
47-OR: RENAL SURVEILLANCE PROTOCOL BIOPSY WITH DONOR SPECIFIC ANTIBODY POST-TRANSPLANT

Aim Surveillance biopsies at specific time intervals detects pathology using histological criteria to aid in treatment of renal subclinical rejection which is histologically characterized by tubulointerstitial mononuclear infiltration without functional deterioration. Alternatively clinical acute rejection is characterized by functional renal impairment. Subclinical rejection can be acute cell-mediated rejection (ACR) and/or antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). A neutrophilic infiltrate and peritubular capillary deposition of complement C4d with serological evidence of donor-specific antibody (DSA) are consistent with AMR. Treatment of patients with AMR aims at depleting circulating (DSA) with IVIg, plasmapheresis or reducing antibody by eliminating CD20-positive plasma cells with monoclonal antibody. Methods The surveillance protocol included all renal transplants for one year for a total of 33 patients. All were from deceased donors. The protocol timing is at implantation, 1,2,3 and 12 months post-implantation. These are sent for histology on ice. Results were diagnostic and reflect subclinical immunoreactivity or non-immune activity. All biopsies are assayed for C4d and DSA in serum taken at the time of biopsy. Results Of 33 patients transplanted, 6 showed subclinical rejection, 4 with AMR diagnosed by histology and DSA. All were treated for humoral rejection with good outcomes in 3 of the cases; the fourth developed chronic rejection with transplant glomerulopathy due to non-compliance. Three of 4 demonstrated C4d staining. Conclusions This study put more importance on DSA, followed sequentially, than C4d. The DSA was interpreted as due to immune recognition- an important step but not rejection itself. Patients with DSA and evidence of hemorrhage, vasculitis, peritubular capillaritis, and transplant glomulopathy were treated for humoral rejection. Early detection and treatment of subclinical rejection reduces chronic allograft nephropathy and increases graft survival.
Posterior Ciliary Artery Occlusion and Choroidal Ischemia

The posterior ciliary arteries (PCAs) supply the choroid and the optic nerve head. As discussed in Chap. 4, information on the vascular pattern of the choroid and of the PCAs was previously drawn entirely from postmortem cast studies, ever since the first description by Frederik Ruysch [1] in 1700. Extensive anatomical studies of the choroidal vascular bed have been conducted, mostly by studying casts prepared by the postmortem injection of a variety of materials [2–8] and also by studying casts by scanning electron microscopy [9–12]. These studies formed the basis of the classical anatomical textbook description of the choroidal vasculature. According to most of these descriptions: (1) PCAs have no segmental distribution, (2) they anastomose freely with one another as well as with the anterior ciliary arteries, (3) there are inter-arterial and arteriovenous anastomoses in the choroid, and (4) the choriocapillaris forms a freely communicating and an uninterrupted vascular bed in the entire choroid [8, 11]. From these postmortem anatomical descriptions, it was generally concluded that occlusion of PCA or one of its branches should not produce an ischemic lesion.
Tunable Orbital Angular Momentum Radiation from Angular-Momentum-Biased Microcavities

Lasers and light emitters do not typically radiate fields with orbital angular momentum (OAM). Here we show that a suitable scheme of spatiotemporal modulation of a microring cavity laser can impart a synthetic angular momentum, resulting in beams with well-defined OAM. The phenomenon relies on a traveling wave modulation of the refractive index of the microring, which breaks the degeneracy of oppositely oriented whispering gallery modes. In parallel, a static structural grating on the periphery of the microring enables efficient vertical radiation. The proposed structure is inherently tunable and can also emit fields with zero net OAM while retaining toroidal energy distributions similar to the effect of an axicon lens.
Political behavior, perceived similarity to the candidates, and defensiveness: The curious case of a group of first-time voters in a bellwether-swing-state in 2016

ABSTRACTUsing a sample of 258 first-time voters in a bellwether swing state during the 2016 U.S. presidential election, we examined the extent to which people assumed that the major presidential ca...
Newsworthiness as an Internet-Era Mitigant of Implicit Bias

Current application of the newsworthiness privilege is based on traditional media’s reliance on the implicit biases of Christian morality. Objective analysis of the impact of these implicit biases demonstrates that they perpetuate the socioeconomic dominance of white males and suppress non-majoritarian views and values. Unless a radical restructuring of the newsworthiness privilege occurs, such implicit biases will remain entrenched. This Article recommends a radical but scientifically supported reformation of the newsworthiness privilege that essentially abolishes the tort of public disclosure of private fact. It wholeheartedly rejects recent scholarship that erroneously suggests a contraction of the newsworthiness privilege as normatively correct. Applying the scientific principles of cognitive neurobiology to implicit bias, this Article exposes how implicit biases have permitted Christian morality to oppress minorities and females. It unapologetically demonstrates that the perpetuation of this oppression is caused by traditional media’s continued reliance on Christian morality as the basis of newsworthiness determinations and publication decisions. It furthermore exposes the scholarship suggesting continued reliance on traditional media to determine newsworthiness as itself elitist and implicitly biased. The Article’s recommended reformation of the newsworthiness privilege employs the changing paradigms of mass publication in the internet era to provide a mechanism that mitigates against implicit bias. The importance of this work is underscored by current political and socioeconomic realities that not only necessitate, but demand, a reexamination of the normative assumptions involved in the determination of whether information is newsworthy.
Hiring Managers’ Impressions of Business Communication’s Legitimacy:

Data from a survey of 864 executives and managers with hiring authority suggest that business communication has external legitimacy regardless of program sponsorship and that hiring managers favor ...
The Rise and Fall of the 'Social Crime' in Legal Theory and International Law: The Failure to Create a New Normative Order to Regularize Terrorism, 1880-1930s

At the end of the nineteenth century, the concept of the social crime developed in response to the violent deeds of the anarchists and other subversives. This essay will examine how and why this idea of the social crime permeated legal theory and international law with increasing frequency prior to and after World War One, but fell out of favor by the mid-1930s. It virtually disappeared from legal and political discourse following 1945, although vestiges of it remain in European penal codes. The decline of the social crime was due to the fact that its definition of terrorism no longer fit the violent deeds at the forefront of terrorist practice and demonstrates how perceptions of terrorism have evolved historically.
Illuminating neutrophilic myeloid neoplasms

In this issue of Blood, Zhang et al 1 have performed a genetic interrogation of neutrophilic myeloid neoplasms, revealing a distinct combination of genetic events and suggesting that the current use of clinicopathologic features to distinguish some individual entities may not be biologically relevant.
Safety of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents in Patients with Stage 4 and 5 Chronic Kidney Disease: a Radiologist’s Perspective

Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have been used for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) since 1988 with >450 million intravenous GBCA doses administered worldwide and overall have had an excellent safety record (1,2). Numerous studies have demonstrated the benefit of GBCAs for a variety of diagnostic indications including improving sensitivity and specificity for malignancy, demyelination, central nervous system malignancy, and infection (3⇓⇓⇓–7). Initially, it was thought that GBCAs would be safer than iodinated contrast media for patients with kidney disease because they are less nephrotoxic at clinically administered doses (8). Although some case reports have linked AKI to GBCA administration, most cases involve patients with advanced renal disease or diabetes and with doses that exceed US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommendations (8). The safety of GBCAs in patients with kidney disease came into question in 2006 when a strong association was found between the use of GBCAs in patients with severe kidney disease and the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) (9⇓–11). NSF results in fibrosis of the skin and internal organs and can be fatal. A conclusive mechanism of causation for NSF has not been determined. Several mouse models of NSF have been developed to investigate the underlying pathophysiology; however, they tend to use doses which are higher than those approved by the FDA and older linear agents (12⇓–14). A confounding issue is that many people with severe kidney disease received multiple exposures to GBCAs and did not develop NSF. Conversely, patients with only one administration of a GBCA have developed NSF (15,16). It is unclear if this could at least partially relate to interspecies differences. Multiple factors may contribute, most notably patient-specific risk factors and the stability of the GBCA, which is …
Situation of Water Use Efficiency in Egyptian Agriculture during the Period 2012-2016

THE CURRENT research aims to enrich efforts exerted to increase crop production efficiency, which requires improving water use efficiency without posing negative impacts on the quantity or quality of water at the level of inlets. The most important results of the study were that the amount of losses in irrigation water reached its highest value between the field and the dam by about 7.815 billion m3, while the amount of water lost between the dam and heads of irrigation canals reached about 5.525 billion m3, but between the heads of the canals and the field it reached about 2.288 billion m3. The productivity efficiency of the irrigation water unit, the net return of the irrigation water unit, the return of the invested pound, and the ratio of irrigation costs to total costs reached its maximum value in winter crops compared to summer crops at the level of the Republic. Finally, the research recommended that the government perform periodic maintenance of irrigation water canals along various stages, especially in Upper Egypt.
The impact of identity-by-descent on fitness and disease in natural and domesticated Canid populations

Abstract Domestic dogs have experienced population bottlenecks, recent inbreeding, and strong artificial selection. These processes have simplified the genetic architecture of complex traits, allowed deleterious variation to persist, and increased both identity-by-descent (IBD) segments and runs of homozygosity (ROH). As such, dogs provide an excellent model for examining how these evolutionary processes influence disease. We assembled a dataset containing 4,414 breed dogs, 327 village dogs, and 380 wolves genotyped at 117,288 markers and phenotype data for clinical and morphological phenotypes. Breed dogs have an enrichment of IBD and ROH, relative to both village dogs and wolves and we use these patterns to show that breed dogs have experienced differing severities of bottlenecks in their recent past. We then found that ROH burden is associated with phenotypes in breed dogs, such as lymphoma. We next test the prediction that breeds with greater ROH have more disease alleles reported in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA). Surprisingly, the number of causal variants identified correlates with the popularity of that breed rather than the ROH or IBD burden, suggesting an ascertainment bias in OMIA. Lastly, we use the distribution of ROH across the genome to identify genes with depletions of ROH as potential hotspots for inbreeding depression and find multiple exons where ROH are never observed. Our results suggest that inbreeding has played a large role in shaping genetic and phenotypic variation in dogs, and that there remains an excess of understudied breeds that can reveal new disease-causing variation. Significance Statement Dogs and humans have coexisted together for thousands of years, but it was not until the Victorian Era that humans practiced selective breeding to produce the modern standards we see today. Strong artificial selection during the breed formation period has simplified the genetic architecture of complex traits and caused an enrichment of identity-by-descent (IBD) segments in the dog genome. This study demonstrates the value of IBD segments and utilizes them to infer the recent demography of canids, predict case-control status for complex traits, locate regions of the genome potentially linked to inbreeding depression, and to identify understudied breeds where there is potential to discover new disease-associated variants.
Law and technologyThe end of the generative internet

Exploring the expectations and implications for version 2.0 of the Net's new gated communities.
Nonsurgical Management of Combined Occipitocervical and Atlantoaxial Distraction Injuries: A Case Report.

Case A 41-year-old man sustained occipitocervical dislocation (OCD) and atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) injuries in a motor vehicle collision. These injuries were treated nonoperatively with a hard cervical collar and activity restrictions with an excellent result at 4-year follow-up. Conclusion OCD and AAD injuries require prompt diagnosis and immobilization. Standard of care for coexisting injuries is occipitocervical fusion; however, some patients have coexisting injuries which may prevent operative treatment. These polytrauma patients require a creative nonoperative approach with close follow-up to avoid neurologic decline.
Tunability of Artificial Interface Phases in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures

This is a copy of the slides presented at the meeting but not formally written up for the volume. Research into new concepts for oxide-electronic devices has been enriched by the emerging field of functional interfaces. A high control of the materials down to the atomic level enables the improvement of existing oxide devices, like magnetic tunnel junctions, but also the formation of new artificial interface phases. Previous work revealed the existence of a metallic electron gas at the interface between the two band-insulators, LaAlO3 and SrTiO3, for a certain atomic arrangement [1,2]. Several studies on single epitaxial connections between LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 have revealed them to be either high-mobility electron conductors or insulating, depending on the atomic stacking sequences. An important point to take into account is the formation of oxygen vacancies for low deposition pressures (<10-5 mbar). For this growth regime the transport properties are fully dominated by the presence of the oxygen vacancies. In this talk we will show a detailed investigation of the controllable electronic properties of coupled interfaces in SrTiO3-LaAlO3-SrTiO3 heterostructures. Recently we reported a critical separation distance of 6 perovskite unit cell layers (~23 A) for the electronic coupling of closely-spaced complementary interfaces in SrTiO3/LaAlO3 multilayer structures [3]. We showed that a decrease of the interface conductivity and carrier density occurs when the LaO:TiO2 and AlO2:SrO interfaces are brought closer together. Interestingly, the high carrier mobilities characterizing the separate conducting interfaces were found to be maintained in such coupled structures down to sub-nanometer interface spacing. Here, we will explain in more detail the electronic properties of the closely spaced LaO:TiO2 and AlO2:SrO interfaces below the critical separation distance. The carrier density at room temperature for dLAO5 is similar to a single LaO:TiO2 interface and has a value of ~1.5X1014 cm-2, corresponding to ~0.23 electrons per unit cell area on the LaO:TiO2 interface. In this, the contribution by the AlO2:SrO interface to the sheet carrier density is neglected, due to its much lower conductivity. When both interfaces are brought closer to each other the electronic coupling between them is increased and the charge density at room temperature is reduced to 0.15, 0.11 and 0.07 electrons per unit cell area for a spacing of respectively 3, 2 and 1 unit cells. However, for lower temperatures the sheet carrier density decreases and becomes constant for all coupled heterostructures at temperatures below 10 K. This constant low temperature carrier density has a value of 2.0×1013 cm-2 and corresponds to 0.003 electrons per unit cell area. These results show the ability to control the electronic properties in SrTiO3 heterostructures and to vary the carrier density homogeneously over the interface.
In The (Fume) Hood: A Podcast for Chemical Engineering Educators

A podcast by chemical engineering educators Jason Bara (Alabama) and Matthew Cooper (NC State).
Compressor Blade Gust Response to Attached and Separated Flow Forcing Functions

A series of experiments are performed to investigate the fundamental flow forcing function phenomena generating different blade row gust responses, in particular attached and separated flow forcing functions generated with NACA 0024 airfoils. Two NACA 0024 airfoils are installed in an extensively instrumented axial flow compressor inlet to generate the periodic 2-E unsteady aerodynamic forcing functions to the first stage rotor. These forcing functions are measured with a rotating cross hot-wire, with the resulting rotor blade row unsteady aerodynamic gust response measured with dynamic pressure transducers embedded in the rotor blade over a range of steady loading levels. Appropriate rotor blade gust response unsteady aerodynamic data are then correlated with appropriate predictions. These experiments clearly show that the forcing function generator fluid dynamics is significant with regard to the resulting unsteady aerodynamic gust response of the downstream airfoil row.
The autonomously replicating parvoviruses of vertebrates.

Publisher Summary Various aspects of the natural history of autonomous parvoviruses are beginning to be understood in some detail, mostly through the analysis of tissue culture analogs of the pathogenic processes observed in the whole animal. This chapter reviews the current state of knowledge of autonomous parvovirus structure and replication. The chapter explores the strategies employed by these viruses—at the molecular and cellular levels—to parasitize their various hosts. Members of the autonomous parvovirus group are capable of productive replication without the aid of a helper virus in the majority of host cells. Cell cycling—although necessary—is not sufficient for the lytic, productive replication of individual parvovirus strains. The differentiated state of the host cell is of paramount importance. It has also been reported that the surface structure of the viral particle—as monitored by the expression or absence of certain antigenic configurations—may have a dramatic influence on the ability of the virus to replicate in a particular host cell type, and that this capsid-mediated specificity may well involve intracellular interactions with host cell factors, as well as, or rather than, differences in binding to a specific cell surface receptor.
Not Just One of the Boys: A Post-Feminist Critique of Title IX's Vision for Gender Equity in Sports

Title IX as applied to athletics is a high-profile, controversial public policy effort that has opened up the world of athletics to millions of girls and women. Yet as it is both celebrated for the opportunities it has created for women, and decried as going too far at the expense of men, a reality persists that women do not pursue or remain committed to sport in numbers comparable to men. This Article seeks to explore this phenomenon by moving the discourse beyond the debate over whether women are inherently as “interested” in sport as men to examine the conception of equality incorporated into Title IX and how this might affect women’s interest in participating in sport. In doing so, this Article asserts that it is not at all clear that greater Title IX enforcement alone can serve to stimulate interest in the population of girls and women who do not currently participate in sport. This is because Title IX’s anti-discrimination mandate only serves to secure opportunities for females to assimilate into a model for sport — emphasizing elite ability and commercial appeal — which was constructed by and for males. This model, incorporated into Title IX through the requirement that schools must only provide opportunities to female athletes who are “interested” and have the “ability” to play varsity-level sport, can in many cases create what this Article describes as an “interest paradox,” extinguishing the interest of those girls and women who would engage in sport, but are not willing to assimilate into the current model. While this Article supports the position that greater Title IX enforcement is a worthy goal, it argues that the time has come for a new sport policy that can incorporate fully women’s voices in education-based athletics and redefine norms for sport participation so that the benefits of such participation may be enjoyed by a greater population of females.
Worldwide energy crisis: energy trends in Brazil

A world-wide energy crisis is threatening our energy security, and economy, and the well-being of the planet. This crisis is evident in enery country of the world. Brazil is adapting primarily through the supply side: oil, hydroelectic power, and ethanol from sugar cane. It is necessary to adapt to a new world of energy security and global climate change. The sustainable energy challenge requires innovative solutions and new technologies, as well as greatly increased energy efficiency.
Tarnished gold: US farm commodity programmes after 50 years☆

Abstract It is fifty years since the introduction of the US farm commodity programmes launched under the New Deal. Based on the concepts of relief, recovery and reform, the New Deal gave new hope to farmers emerging from the Great Depression. But how successful were these programmes? Don Paarlberg believes they were miscarried, becoming preferential, profligate and perennial. With the recent recession and the introduction of new farm legislation, the author speculates as to whether history will repeat itself.
Effect of physicochemical form on copper availability to aquatic organisms

Copper concentration and speciation were determined in influent and effluent waters collected from eight power stations that used copper alloys in their cooling systems. Quantities of copper associated with particles, colloids, and organic and inorganic ligands differed with the site, season, and mode of operation of the station. Under normal operating conditions, the differences between influent and effluent waters were generally small, and most of the copper was in bound (complexed) species. However, copper was high in concentration and present in labile species during start-up of water circulation through some cooling systems and during changeover from an open- to closed-cycle operation. Copper sensitivity of selected ecologically and economically important aquatic organisms was also evaluted. Our primary emphasis was on acute effects and most of the testing was performed under controlled laboratory conditions. However, sublethal effects of copper on a population of bluegills living in a power station cooling lake containing water of low pH were also assessed. The toxic response to copper differed with the species and life stage of the animal and with the chemical form of copper in the water.
NETCICATS: Network-Conscious Image Compression and Transmission System

NETCICATS is a software system for empirically evaluating network-conscious image compression, an approach that does not simply optimize compression, but which optimizes overall performance when compressed images are transmitted over a lossy packet-switched network such as the Internet. Based on Application Level Framing, an image is compressed into path-MTU-size Application Data Units (ADUs) at the application layer. Each ADU contains enough information to be processed independently of all other ADUs. Each ADU can be delivered to the receiving application out-of-order, thereby enabling faster progressive display of images. NETCICATS allows the empirical investigation of the combination of transport protocol features and compression algorithms that perform best over a lossy packet-switched network. It includes software components from the network layer (e.g., lossy router), transport layer (e.g., innovative transport protocols), and application layer (e.g., compression algorithms, browsers, etc.). We describe each component of the system and explain how the whole system is used. This paper also presents two network-conscious image compression algorithms: network-conscious GIF and wavelet zerotree encoding.