cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Environmentally Concerned Consumer: An Exploratory Study

While considerable attention is being paid to the environmental concerns of people by consumer marketers, to date little research attention has focused on the identification of market segments for ...
Two-Particle Correlations in Heavy-Light Ion Collisions

We study the initial, high-energy scatterings in heavy ion collisions using the saturation/Color Glass Condensate framework. We focus on two-particle long-range rapidity correlations which are modeled as two-gluon correlations. We calculate the two-gluon production cross section using the saturation framework in the heavy-light ion regime, including all-order saturation effects in the heavy nucleus while considering only two-orders in the light ion. The two-gluon production cross section generates four types of long-range in rapidity correlations: (i) geometric correlations, (ii) Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) like correlations accompanied by a back-to-back maximum, (iii) near-side correlations, and (iv) away-side azimuthal correlations. The geometric correlations (i) are due to the fact that nucleons are correlated by simply being confined within the same nucleus. Correlations (iii) and (iv) have exactly the same amplitudes along with azimuthal and rapidity shapes: one centered around $\Delta \phi =0$ and the other one centered around $\Delta \phi =\pi$ (here $\Delta \phi$ is the azimuthal angle between the two produced gluons). The geometry dependence of the correlation function leads to stronger azimuthal near- and away-side correlations in the tip-on-tip U+U collisions than in the side-on-side U+U collisions, an exactly opposite behavior from the correlations generated by the elliptic flow of the quark-gluon plasma: a study of azimuthal correlations in the U+U collisions may help to disentangle the two sources of correlations. Finally we rewrite our result for the two-gluon production cross-section in a $k_T$-factorized form resulting in an expression involving a convolution of one- and two-gluon Wigner distributions over the transverse momenta and impact parameters. This differs from the $k_T$-factorized forms used in the literature.
Anesthesiology residents' perception of educational environment: comparison between different years of training.

Abstract Study Objectives To assess whether the year of residency in anesthesiology is associated with residents' overall perceptions of the learning environment and to evaluate the association between year of residency and each of the five domains of the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) survey. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Residency program of anesthesiology at the Cleveland Clinic. Subjects and Intervention Residents of anesthesiology at the Cleveland Clinic were invited to complete the DREEM questionnaire and a demographic survey. Measurements We assessed whether year of residency was associated with the overall standardized DREEM questionnaire score using linear regression. We also assessed the associations between year of residency and each of the 5 DREEM questionnaire domains using separate linear regression models. Results Of the 60 residents invited to complete the DREEM questionnaire, 49 (82%) completed it. There was no association between year of residency and overall DREEM score ( P = .21), students' perception of teaching ( P = .38), students' perceptions of teachers ( P = .28), students' academic self-perceptions ( P = .03), students' perceptions of atmosphere ( P = .65), or students' social self-perceptions ( P = .08). The primary outcome was assessed using a significance criterion of 0.05, whereas each secondary outcome was assessed using a significance criterion of 0.01 for secondary analyses (ie, 0.05/5, Bonferroni). Conclusion Resident's perception of the learning environment in the anesthesiology residency program of the Cleveland Clinic is on the positive side, as measured by the DREEM questionnaire. We found no association between the year of training and the DREEM questionnaire overall score. Furthermore, we found no association between year of residency and any of the subscores for the 5 DREEM domains. There is room for improvement, especially in the area of self-perception.
Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in nonischemic heart disease.

Background— Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in nonischemic heart diseases can be challenging, and outcomes across different diseases are incompletely defined. The aim of this study was to describe the outcomes after catheter ablation for nonischemic VT in a large cohort and to compare the electrophysiological findings and outcomes according to the type of underlying disease. Methods and Results— Of the 891 consecutive patients undergoing catheter ablation for ventricular arrhythmias, 226 patients (52±14 years; 79% men) with sustained VT due to nonischemic heart disease were included. The primary end point was all-cause death or heart transplantation. Secondary end points were a composite of death, heart transplantation, or readmission because of VT recurrence within 1 year of discharge. Underlying heart diseases were dilated cardiomyopathy in 119 (53%), valvular heart disease in 34 (15%), arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in 37 (16%), congenital heart disease in 16 (7%), cardiac sarcoidosis in 13 (6%), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 7 (3%) patients. After ablation, inability to induce any VT was achieved in 55%, and another 20% had inducible VTs modified. Major complications occurred in 5%. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy had better outcomes than dilated cardiomyopathy for primary ( P =0.002) and secondary end points ( P =0.004). Sarcoidosis had worse outcome than dilated cardiomyopathy for secondary end point ( P =0.002). At 1 year after the last ablation (a mean of 1.4±0.6 procedures, 1–4), freedom from death, heart transplantation, and readmission for VT recurrence were achieved in 173 (77%) patients. Conclusions— In patients with recurrent VT due to nonischemic heart disease, catheter ablation is often useful, although the outcome varies according to the nature of the underlying heart disease.
An existence result for a class of quasilinear elliptic boundary value problems with jumping nonlinearities

We establish an existence result for a class of quasilinear elliptic boundary value problems with jumping nonlinearities using variational arguments. First we calculate certain homotopy groups of sublevel sets of the asymptotic part of the variational functional. Then we use these groups to show that the full functional admits a linking geometry and hence a min-max critical point.
New views on the selection acting on genetic polymorphism in central metabolic genes

Studies of the polymorphism of central metabolic genes as a source of fitness variation in natural populations date back to the discovery of allozymes in the 1960s. The unique features of these genes and their enzymes and our knowledge base greatly facilitates the systems-level study of this group. The expectation that pathway flux control is central to understanding the molecular evolution of genes is discussed, as well as studies that attempt to place gene-specific molecular evolution and polymorphism into a context of pathway and network architecture. There is an increasingly complex picture of the metabolic genes assuming additional roles beyond their textbook anabolic and catabolic reactions. In particular, this review emphasizes the potential role of these genes as part of the energy-sensing machinery. It is underscored that the concentrations of key cellular metabolites are the reflections of cellular energy status and nutritional input. These metabolites are the top-down signaling messengers that set signaling through signaling pathways that are involved in energy economy. I propose that the polymorphisms in central metabolic genes shift metabolite concentrations and in that fashion act as genetic modifiers of the energy-state coupling to the transcriptional networks that affect physiological trade-offs with significant fitness consequences.
Stochastic Dual Averaging for Decentralized Online Optimization on Time-Varying Communication Graphs

We consider a decentralized online convex optimization problem in a network of agents, where each agent controls only a coordinate (or a part) of the global decision vector. For such a problem, we propose two decentralized stochastic variants ( $\mathsf{SODA}\hbox{-}\mathsf{C}$ and $\mathsf{SODA}\hbox{-}\mathsf{PS}$ ) of Nesterov's dual averaging method $(\mathsf{DA})$ , where each agent only uses a coordinate of the noise-corrupted gradient in the dual-averaging step. We show that the expected regret bounds for both algorithms have sublinear growth of $O(\sqrt{T})$ , with the time horizon $T$ , in scenarios when the underlying communication topology is time-varying. The sublinear regret can be obtained when the stepsize is of the form $1/\sqrt{t}$ and the objective functions are Lipschitz-continuous convex functions with Lipschitz gradients, and the variance of the noisy gradients is bounded. We also provide simulation results of the proposed algorithms on sensor networks to complement our theoretical analysis.
Preserving the Digital Sphere

Chapter 8 comes full circle, returning to the other side of the digital democratic sphere where media literacy educators and non-profit organizations have built their own communities for the purposes of combatting online hate and promoting a communication of inclusion. Klein highlights the ways that educators and watchdog agencies are working to monitor and expose radical movements, both on the web and in society. Their initiatives speak to the power of citizen groups that use this same digital space to employ anti-hate campaigns and promote a new vigilance and educational awareness as the weapons against bigotry. Klein highlights the essential role that the younger Net Generation must play in learning to navigate this complex environment, through identifying and ultimately dismissing digital hate going forward.
The Most Erotic Man

She shrugs: No one asked you to. Scuse me: says the little drunk, trying to weave past them, on his way to the door. He is holding the half-empty bottle by its jagged neck. The thin girl catches the dangling end of the belt & pulls him toward her. He falls against her, spilling a hiccough of wine. You didn't tell me you had company: he says reproachfully. You mean him! she laughs, pointing her chin at the poet: He's a poet; he's no company. She snatches the bottle from the man's hand. & cuts her thumb. Which is
Bone Bruises in Children and Adolescents Not Associated With Ligament Ruptures [corrected].

Background:Clinical characteristics of uncomplicated bone bruises (ie, not associated with a ligament rupture, meniscal tear, or fracture of the knee) in young athletes have scarcely been reported....
The Difference a Smile Makes: Effective Use of Imagery by Children’s Nonprofit Organizations

Which emotions are most appealing to donors in nonprofit outreach materials? Previous studies have shown that in print and television materials, images depicting negative emotions lead to increases...
Mitigating the Negative Effects of Customer Anxiety Through Access to Human Contact

It is a well-established result in social psychology that when people feel anxious, they seek advice from others. However, increasingly companies that operate in high-anxiety settings (like financial services, health care, and education) are deploying self-service technologies (SSTs), through which anxious customers transact without human contact. The impact of customer anxiety on service relationships is neither well understood, nor consistently factored into service design. In this paper, two laboratory experiments and one field experiment, conducted in financial service contexts, document the negative effects of anxiety on customer choice satisfaction, firm trust, and long-term engagement, and explore the impact of giving self-service consumers the option to interact with a person. Participants engaged in an online investing simulation who are made to feel anxious due to market downturns are less satisfied with their choices and report lower levels of trust in the firm. Providing participants with the opportunity to interact with an expert, or even another participant, dampens anxiety’s negative effects on choice satisfaction and, by extension, firm trust. Interestingly, we find that very few participants who are offered the option to interact with a person take advantage of the opportunity, which is consistent with the idea that it is the mere availability of human contact that mitigates anxiety’s deleterious effects. Finally, in a field experiment conducted with a credit union’s self-service term loan approval process, the incorporation of access to human contact increased customer loan acceptance by 16%, suggesting that access to human contact can improve long-term service engagement.
Determination of elevated levels of nitrate in vegetable powders by high-precision isotope dilution GC-MS.

Abstract A high-precision isotope dilution GC–MS method was employed for the determination of nitrate in processed vegetables. The samples were extracted in water, derivatized with triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate and analyzed by headspace GC–MS (15 samples/h). The method was applied to estimate the effect of drying on the content of nitrate in vegetables. The absolute amount of nitrate in a spinach sample before and after drying did not change even when the material was baked at 105 °C. Elevated levels of nitrate were found in commercial vegetable powders where the nitrate mass fraction exceed the percent level: 1.2–2.3% NO3− was found in spinach powders, 1.3–1.6% in kale powders, and 1.4% in a beetroot powder. The likely reduction of the antioxidant properties seen in vegetable powders along with their high nitrate content suggest the need to study the risk of endogenous N-nitrosation associated with these products.
Abstract 4650: TOPK is a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in skin carcinogenesis

Solar ultraviolet (sUV) is linked to development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) as a non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Actinic keratosis (AK), induced by sUV irradiation, acts as precursor to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and is a pre-malignant skin lesion characterized with an abnormal proliferation of atypical keratinocytes confined to the epidermis of the skin. Therefore, to identify the major signaling molecules in the prevention, development and metastasis of cSCC is a critically important task. Here, we suggested a promising protein target, T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) as an active form of MEK1 continuously phosphorylating downstream targets, which appears to be critical in mediating skin carcinogenesis. We detected high levels of total and phosphorylated TOPK protein expression in SCC, and phosphorylated TOPK levels were also markedly higher in AKs and SCCs from patients compared to matched normal skin. Inflammation is known to contribute to tumor development and thus we examined the effect of a 2-minimal erythema dose (MED) of solar stimulated light (SSL) exposure in clinical human skin samples. Our results indicated that acute SSL irradiation increased epidermal thickness as a feature of inflammation and also enhanced total protein and phosphorylation levels of TOPK in human skin in a time-dependent manner. TOPK phosphorylation in human precancerous HaCaT keratinocytes was also increased by SSL irradiation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Interestingly, TOPK knockout (TOPK-/-) SKH1 (Crl: SKH1-Hrhr) hairless mice showed no tumors on SSL-exposed skin tissues. In contrast, wild-type (TOPK+/+) control SKH1 hairless mice treated with SSL showed increased tumor volume and number. Furthermore, TOPK-/- mice showed base levels of epidermal thickness similar to the SSL-unexposed control group and the Ki-67 proliferation marker was decreased in SSL-exposed TOPK-/- mouse skin compared to SKH1 TOPK+/+ mice. Notably, levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 were decreased in TOPK-/- mice, compared to SSL-treated TOPK+/+ mice. Moreover, our results indicated that phosphorylated and total TOPK protein levels in SCC metastasized to skin or lymph nodes were significantly higher compared to human SCC primary tumors. These results indicated that phosphorylated and total TOPK proteins are associated with both SCC development and metastasis. Thus, molecular targeting of TOPK could be an effective approach in the clinic to treat or prevent cSCC. Citation Format: Eunmiri Roh. TOPK is a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in skin carcinogenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4650.
Searching for MobileNetV3

We present the next generation of MobileNets based on a combination of complementary search techniques as well as a novel architecture design. MobileNetV3 is tuned to mobile phone CPUs through a combination of hardware-aware network architecture search (NAS) complemented by the NetAdapt algorithm and then subsequently improved through novel architecture advances. This paper starts the exploration of how automated search algorithms and network design can work together to harness complementary approaches improving the overall state of the art. Through this process we create two new MobileNet models for release: MobileNetV3-Large and MobileNetV3-Small which are targeted for high and low resource use cases. These models are then adapted and applied to the tasks of object detection and semantic segmentation. For the task of semantic segmentation (or any dense pixel prediction), we propose a new efficient segmentation decoder Lite Reduced Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (LR-ASPP). We achieve new state of the art results for mobile classification, detection and segmentation. MobileNetV3-Large is 3.2% more accurate on ImageNet classification while reducing latency by 20% compared to MobileNetV2. MobileNetV3-Small is 6.6% more accurate compared to a MobileNetV2 model with comparable latency. MobileNetV3-Large detection is over 25% faster at roughly the same accuracy as MobileNetV2 on COCO detection. MobileNetV3-Large LR-ASPP is 34% faster than MobileNetV2 R-ASPP at similar accuracy for Cityscapes segmentation.
Intrinsic ductility of random substitutional alloys from nonlinear elasticity theory

A method suitable for computing the ideal strength of random substitutional alloys is introduced. The method relies on nonlinear continuum elasticity theory and allows for the high-throughput computation of ideal strength. The method also allows for the high-throughput computation of an intrinsic ductility parameter defined for a given applied stress state as the ratio of the strain associated with the cleavage instability to the strain associated with the first shear instability. The intrinsic ductility parameter is shown to correlate well with the measured elongations to failure for elemental body-centered-cubic and hexagonal close-packed metals. Application to four high-entropy alloys indicates that the intrinsic ductility parameter describes their experimental compressions to failure well. The method is used to argue that the brittle refractory high-entropy alloy Ta-Nb-V-W-Mo could be made much more ductile through replacement of Mo with Nb. The potential for the high-throughput optimization of high entropy and chemically complex alloys is discussed.
Eicosanoids: Atherosclerosis and cardiometabolic health.

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been the leading causes of death in the U.S. for nearly a century. Numerous studies have linked eicosanoids to cardiometabolic disease. Objectives and Methods: This review summaries recent advances and innovative research in eicosanoids and CVD. Numerous review articles and their original human or animal studies were assessed in the relevant and recent studies. Outcome We identified and discussed recent trends in eicosanoids known for their roles in CVD. Their subsequent relationships were assessed for any possible implications associated with consumption of different dietary lipids, essentially omega fatty acids. Eicosanoids have been heavily sought after over recent decades for their direct role in mediating the enhancement and resolution of acute immune responses. Given the short half-life of these oxidized lipid metabolites, studies on atherosclerosis have had to rely on the metabolites that are actively involved in eicosanoid production, signaling or redox reactions as markers for atherosclerosis-related molecular behaviors. Conclusion Further investigations expending current knowledge, should be applied to narrow the specific class and species of eicosanoids responsible for inciting inflammation especially in the context of recent clinical studies assessing the role of dietary lipid in cardiovascular diseases.
171 – Invariant Imbedding*

Publisher Summary This chapter elaborates about invariant imbedding that is applicable to two point boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations. A new formulation as an initial value problem is obtained. Invariant imbedding is a type of continuation method. For the usual problems that are treated, the length of the interval of interest is considered to be the continuation parameter. The endpoint in a two point boundary value problem is treated as a variable. By differentiating with respect to this variable, an initial value problem can be created. The general technique involves some subtleties. Imbedding methods can be used for more than just boundary value problems. This technique can also be applied to nonlinear variational problems, unconstrained nonlinear control processes, constrained control processes and “Fredholm” integral equations. Imbedding methods have also been used in hyperbolic and parabolic partial differential equations.
Maternal scaffolding styles and children's developing narrative skills: A cross-cultural comparison of autobiographical conversations in the US and Thailand

Abstract Cross-cultural differences in reminiscing styles between American and Thai mothers and their four-year-olds were examined. Twenty-one English monolingual and 21 Thai monolingual mother-child dyads participated in a Prompted Reminiscing task (Task 1). Children also completed a Child Personal Narrative task with the researcher (Task 2). Results from the first task revealed that dyads from the two cultures differed in the elaborateness of their conversations. American mothers adopted a high-elaborative style, characterized by greater use of evaluative feedback and scaffolding strategies including descriptions, extensions, labels, and recasts, compared to their Thai counterparts. Thai mothers adopted a low-elaborative style, evidenced by greater use of directives and requests for repetitions. Similar to their mothers, American children adopted a high-elaborative style compared to their Thai peers. Findings from the second task demonstrated that interlocutor scaffolding influences children's communicative styles. When reminiscing without their mother, American children produced longer narratives than their Thai peers. The present work suggested that maternal elicitation strategies differ across cultures and play a role in shaping children's developing narrative skills. By interacting with more competent social partners, particularly their mothers, children start to internalize culture-specific socialization goals and learn to converse in a culturally-appropriate way as early as preschool.
Quantifying the effects of biopsy fixation and staining panel design on automatic instance segmentation of immune cells in human lupus nephritis.

Significance Lupus nephritis (LuN) is a chronic inflammatory kidney disease. The cellular mechanisms by which LuN progresses to kidney failure are poorly characterized. Automated instance segmentation of immune cells in immunofluorescence images of LuN can probe these cellular interactions. Aim Our specific goal is to quantify how sample fixation and staining panel design impact automated instance segmentation and characterization of immune cells. Approach Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were trained to segment immune cells in fluorescence confocal images of LuN biopsies. Three datasets were used to probe the effects of fixation methods on cell features and the effects of one-marker versus two-marker per cell staining panels on CNN performance. Results Networks trained for multi-class instance segmentation on fresh-frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples stained with a two-marker panel had sensitivities of 0.87 and 0.91 and specificities of 0.82 and 0.88, respectively. Training on samples with a one-marker panel reduced sensitivity (0.72). Cell size and intercellular distances were significantly smaller in FFPE samples compared to fresh frozen (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, p ≪ 0.0001). Conclusions Fixation method significantly reduces cell size and intercellular distances in LuN biopsies. The use of two markers to identify cell subsets showed improved CNN sensitivity relative to using a single marker.
A simulation-based parametric study of CLOU chemical looping reactor performance

Abstract Chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) is a variant on chemical looping combustion in which the oxygen carrier releases gaseous O2 in the fuel reactor, making it well-suited for solid fuels, since the released gaseous O2 readily reacts with solid char. This study presents several computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations of copper-based CLOU in a dual fluidized bed system, each with different operating conditions. The modeling predicted that coal particle sizes as large as 1000 μm did not significantly affect performance. Increased oxygen carrier copper loading resulted in an excess of gaseous oxygen in the product gas stream. Decreasing the oxygen carrier bed mass as well as reducing the air reactor fluidizing velocity did not supply enough oxygen to the fuel reactor to complete combustion of the coal. This generated a failure state in which the temperature continued to decrease in the fuel reactor from the lack of combustion, which in turn reduced the O2 equilibrium partial pressure, further lowering the amount of combustion possible. Sufficient O2 can be maintained in the fuel reactor by ensuring a high enough air reactor velocity and a large enough supply of oxygen carrier inventory to handle the chosen coal feed rate.
Design and validation of a model for quality control monitoring of dichotomous in vitro fertilization outcomes.

Objective To develop and validate a practical model for quality control monitoring of dichotomous in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes such as pregnancy resulting from the transfer of euploid blastocysts. Design We designed and validated a model for quality control monitoring of dichotomous IVF outcomes. We demonstrate use of this model for assessment of euploid blastocyst transfer quality control based on fetal heartbeat rate per embryo. The model uses 3 weighted moving averages with window sizes of 21, 51, and 101 embryo transfers to detect short and long-term shifts in success rates. The quality warning limit was set to have a 2-sided type I error rate of 0.30 per 100 embryo transfers and the control limit was set to have a type I error rate of 0.05 per 100 embryo transfers. Simulation studies were performed to validate the model through assessment of type I and type II errors using custom computer programs. Setting Not applicable. Patient(s) Patients undergoing IVF. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Type I and type II error rates and statistical power analysis. Result(s) Validated quality warning and control limits are presented for a range of expected outcome rates. The power to detect a 20% decrease from an expected fetal heartbeat rate of 50%, when the decrease persisted for 50 embryo transfers, was 86% for the warning limit and 57% for the control limit. Conclusion(s) This model can be used for continuous quality control assessment of dichotomous IVF outcomes such as pregnancy rates.
Characterizing the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Three Native Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) across an Agricultural Landscape

Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are polyphagous pests that cause significant economic losses to a variety of crops. Although many species have been documented to aggregate within agricultural fields, much less is known regarding the timing and distribution of adults and nymphs within and between surrounding non-crop habitat. Therefore, we explored the spatiotemporal distribution of Euschistus servus (Say), Euschistus tristigmus (Say), and Chinavia hilaris (Say), three species of North American origin, and examined whether distribution patterns varied between species according to habitat. Stink bugs were monitored weekly for three years within an 18 km2 grid of pheromone-baited traps. We tested whether habitat affected distribution patterns, used spatial analysis by distance indices (SADIE) to identify aggregations, and visualized distributions with interpolated maps. Overall, E. servus adults were captured in crops, whereas E. tristigmus adults and nymphs were mainly captured in forests. Accordingly, distribution patterns of E. tristigmus were relatively stable over time, whereas aggregations of adult E. servus varied over space, and the timing of aggregations reflected the phenology of major crops. Chinavia hilaris was most often captured in forest, followed by crop habitat. Pest management strategies for stink bugs may require an area-based management approach that accounts for movement in agricultural fields and surrounding habitat.
Giving a gift to the hamlet: rank solidarity and productive exchange in rural Japan

Historians and anthropologists have emphasized the solidarity of the traditional Japanese farming village, and unquestionably solidarity was one of its major characteristics. . . . But there was an equally important competitive side to village life that has been largely ignored: a competition between families rather than individuals, covert rather than open. . . . The immediate goal was the improvement of family well-being and village status.
- Blk: B lymphoid protein-tyrosine kinase (vetrerates)

B lymphoid protein-tyrosine kinase (Blk) is the member of the Src family whose expression is limited to cells of the B lymphoid lineage. The patterns of Blk expression within the lineage, the association of Blk with the B-cell antigen receptor complex, and the activation of Blk upon antigen receptor crosslinking suggest a role for Blk in B-cell activation. The domain structure of Blk resembles that of order Src family members. The N-terminal region is the most unique in sequence. The SH2 domain of the Blk selectively binds tyrosine phosphoprotein from B cells; the pattern of phosphoprotein binding differs from those of Lyn and FynT, two other Src family members expressed in B cells. Te kinase domain has a potential autophosphorylation site (Y383) and terminates in a region containing Y497: mutation of this is associated with increased kinase activity and morphological transformation of NIH3T3 cells. Blk activity can be detected in immunoprecipitates by autophosphorylation or phosphorylation of enolase: the former is more efficient. Recovery of the enzyme from overexpressing cells, and assays of soluble Blk using autophosphorylation or enolase have been performed.
Legendary LD: Learning Disabilities, Creativity, and Social Class

In this paper I draw on several data sources to make the case that the attribution of superior creative resources and related alternative and/or enhanced cognitive styles to Learning disabilities (LD) was embedded within the original conception of LD and continues to be propagated by many in the LD community. I conclude by offering an exploration of the political/ethical consequences of this discursive practice.
Tyrosine ligands to iron in hemerythrin. II. Specification of residues involved.

Abstract Exposure of Golfingia gouldii hemerythrin to tetranitromethane causes the release of one of the two iron atoms per monomer unit. This loss of iron is associated with the modification of tyrosyl residues, suggesting that tyrosines may be liganded to iron. Tyrosines 18 and 70 in the protein sequence react rapidly with tetranitromethane, forming 3-nitrotyrosine. These nitrotyrosines titrate with normal p K a values. The iron content and circular dichroic spectrum of hemerythrin are unaffected by the nitration of these groups. Hence tyrosines 18 and 70 in the hemerythrin sequence are not ligands to iron. Preliminary evidence suggests that these tyrosines may be in the interfacial areas between subunits in octameric hemerythrin. The remaining three tyrosines per hemerythrin monomer, at positions 8, 67, and 109 in the sequence, also react with tetranitromethane. The product of their reaction is predominantly not 3-nitrotyrosine. Tyrosine 67 forms an ionizable derivative with an absorption maximum at 326–327 nm in basic solution. Little or no intermolecular crosslinking of tyrosines was observed, but the possibility of intramolecular crosslinking was not ruled out. The modification of these tyrosines is accompanied by the loss of one of the two iron atoms per subunit, indicating that one or more of these tyrosines are bound to iron or are in the vicinity of the active site.
On the bandwidth efficiency of CPM signals

In this paper, we provide a simulation based method to estimate the symmetric information rate (SIR) of continuous phase modulation (CPM) signal over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. We then estimate the theoretical limits on the bandwidth efficiency of CPM signals, given a specific codeword length and probability of codeword error. Finally, we provide some CPM signal designs which have relatively high bandwidth efficiency and low complexity.
Use of inexpensive pressure transducers for measuring water levels in wells

Frequent measurement of below ground water levels at multiple locations is an important component of many wetland ecosystem studies. These measurements, however, are usually time consuming, labor intensive, and expensive. This paper describes a water-level sensor that is inexpensive and easy to construct. The sensor is placed below the expected low water level in a shallow well and, when connected to a datalogger, uses a pressure transducer to detect groundwater or surface water elevations. Details of pressure transducer theory, sensor construction, calibration, and examples of field installations are presented. Although the transducers must be individually calibrated, the sensors have a linear response to changing water levels (r2 ≈ .999). Measurement errors resulting from temperature fluctuations are shown to be about 4 cm over a 35°C temperature range, but are minimal when the sensors are installed in groundwater wells where temperatures are less variable. Greater accuracy may be obtained by incorporating water temperature data into the initial calibration (0.14 cm error over a 35C temperature range). Examples of the utility of these sensors in studies of groundwater/surface water interactions and the effects of water level fluctuations on tree growth are provided.
Modulation of Giα2 signaling by the axonal guidance molecule UNC5H2

Abstract The G protein, G iα 2 , regulates a number of cellular functions including cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. The transduction of signal depends on the ability of the α subunit to cycle between a GDP bound and an active GTP bound state capable of interacting with intracellular enzymes. Here, we now report the novel interaction of gip2 (constitutively activated G iα 2 ) with the cytoplasmic domain of UNC5H2. Like G iα 2 , we found that UNC5H2 is widely expressed particularly in cells which migrate. UNC5H2 binds G iα 2 when it is charged with GTP. The interaction of G iα 2 and UNC5H2 liberated adenylyl cyclase from G iα 2 inhibition. Thus, by sequestering the α subunit, UNC5H2 is a novel inhibitor of G iα 2 thereby increasing intracellular cAMP levels. The expression of UNC5H2 in the brain and immune system suggests that this novel inhibitor of G protein signaling may have broad significance for axonal guidance and chemotaxis.
Conceptions of privacy and the non-disclosure of same-sex behaviour by behaviourally-bisexual men in heterosexual relationships.

Little attention has been paid to why some behaviourally-bisexual men (i.e., men who have sex with both men and women) choose not to disclose their same-sex behaviour. Using Communication Privacy Management (CPM) theory, we report on the ways these men conceptualise their same-sex behaviour as private, and thus feel justified in not disclosing it to family, friends and female partners. In-depth interviews were conducted with an ethnically diverse sample of 203 non-disclosing behaviourally-bisexual men in New York City. The men offered a number of privacy rules to justify their non-disclosure, including: (1) their same-sex behaviours were their own business and nobody else's, (2) others had no reason to know, (3) the topic of sexual behaviour was too personal, (4) they were private people in general and (5) it was inappropriate to discuss same-sex behaviour in many contexts. Some privacy rules were used more often to justify non-disclosure to friends and family than to female partners. These findings provi...
Ovarian aging and hormone replacement therapy. Hormonal levels, symptoms, and attitudes of African-American and white women

OBJECTIVES: To characterize reproductive hormone levels, symptoms, and attitudes related to menopause among healthy, menstruating white and African-American women aged 44 to 49 years. DESIGN: Pilot study; cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Community-based convenience sample of women in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-three African-American and 35 white women. MEASUREMENTS: The survey instrument collected demographic data, medical and reproductive history, health practices and behaviors. It included previously validated function, depression, and quality-of-life instruments, and a Menopause Attitude Scale that included two factors, attitudes toward the menopause and attitudes toward medical therapy. Anthropometric measurements were taken at enrollment, and reproductive hormones and daily symptom logs were followed over two menstrual cycles. MAIN RESULTS: The two groups were comparable in mean age (African-American 46.2 years, white 46.9 years). Serum levels of estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, dihydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, and progesterone were comparable. Symptoms were similar in type and frequency. However, the African-American women had significantly more positive attitudes toward menopause, were more likely to rely on family for information about menopause, and were less likely to have been recommended hormone replacement therapy by their physicians. A majority of women in each group expressed satisfaction with the care they had received. CONCLUSIONS: Perimenopausal African-American and white women have different expectations of menopause and the role of medical care in menopause. This bears directly on women's acceptance of hormone replacement therapy. Conclusions are limited by the small sample size and convenience nature of the study population: further work with larger samples is needed to confirm these apparent differences.
Local isotropy of the smallest scales of turbulent scalar and velocity fields

The validity of Kolmogorov's hypothesis of statistical independence of large and small scales and consequent local isotropy of the smallest scales of turbulence in a homogeneous fluid is supported by recent experimental measurements of spectra of spatial gradients of scalar and velocity fields. Deviations from spectral local isotropy at the low-wavenumber end of the gradient spectra produce an apparent local anisotropy in terms of moments of the gradients, suggesting that the local anisotropy inferred from measured scalar and velocity gradient moments by earlier workers is not inconsistent with true local isotropy of the smallest scales. For turbulence in a stably stratified fluid, local isotropy is rapidly destroyed when buoyancy forces are dynamically important. Are the statistical properties of the smallest scales of turbulent scalar and velocity fields locally isotropic ? The idea that statistical properties of turbulence dominated by the spatial structure of the smallest scales of scalar and velocity fields might be locally isotropic stems from the work of Kolmogorov (1941 a, b). Central to this idea is the notion of a sufficiently broad cascade of turbulent kinetic energy from large to small scales, through which the influence of large-scale anisotropy is not transmitted to the smallest scales. After a sufficient number of cascade steps the statistical properties of quantities dominated by the smallest scales may exhibit no preferred spatial direction. The larger the Reynolds number, the larger the effective number of steps in the cascade, improving the possibility of local isotropy as the Reynolds number increases.
NON-PARENTERAL TRANSMISSION OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS IN A NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

Abstract Cytomegalovirus (CMV) was transmitted non-parenterally from an infant with congenital CMV who lived only 8 h to four other infants who were in the neonatal intensive care unit at the same time. Two infants with cytomegalovirus died. The dizygotic twin of one of the dead infants presented with a cytomegalovirus-specific IgG titre of 1:640 at 4 months of age, while the mother of the twins had a negative titre. Direct or indirect contact was thought to be the mode of spread in this outbreak of CMV.
Did I read or did I name? Diminished awareness of processes yielding identical ‘outputs’

It has been proposed that incompatible intentions (e.g., to inhale and not inhale while holding one’s breath while underwater) are an essential ingredient of conscious conflict. Laboratory tasks such as the Stroop color naming task can instantiate conscious conflict innocuously. However, little research has explored what occurs subjectively at the other end of conflict, when intentions are harmonious. The hypothesis of synchrony blindness proposes that, during harmonious processing, not only may one not experience any conflict, but one may also be unaware that more than one process yielded the same intention/action plan. Accordingly, in the Stroop task, participants reported less of an urge to err (by reading) when words were presented in the congruent condition (e.g., RED presented in red) than when the very same words were presented in standard font color, suggesting that awareness of word-reading was diminished experimentally. The implications of this finding for theories about consciousness are discussed.
Cytokinin modification of metabolism of p -coumaric acid by a cell suspension of soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merrill)

Cells of a soybean tissue strain suspended in an aerated liquid medium caused the disappearance of p-coumaric acid from the medium. The rate of disappearance was modified by cytokinins. When the coumarate and the cytokinin were added to the medium simultaneously, disappearance was increased if the cytokinin was used in the concentration range from 0.05 to 50 μM; higher concentrations inhibited the disappearance. If, however, the cytokinin was added at the beginning of the shaking period (for aeration) and the coumarate added 1 h later, the results were more complex. With this procedure, cytokinins at concentrations from 0.0005 to about 1 μM inhibited, at 50 μM they promoted, and at higher concentrations they inhibited the coumarate disappearance. The promotion was elicited by zeatin, ribosylzeatin, kinetin, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), by BAP substituted at the 9-position by methyl, methoxymethyl, cyclohexyl or tetrahydropyran-2-yl groups, by adenine with the amino group substituted by methyl, dimethyl, n-propyl, n-pentyl or n-hexyl groups, by 1,3-diphenylurea and nicotinamide, all at about 50 μM. Adenine and benzimidazole were not effective. The promotion was detected in as little as 12 min. The delayed inhibitory effect required the presence of the cytokinin during the 1 h of shaking before the coumarate was added. This effect was elicited by zeatin, ribosylzeatin, kinetin, BAP, the aforementioned 9-substituted-BAP compounds, 9-glucosyl-BAP, 7-glucosyl-BAP, and 6-isopentenylaminopurine and its ribonucleoside. It was not caused by adenine, cis-ribosylzeatin, diphenylurea, benzimidazole, 6-methylaminopurine, 6,6-dimethylaminopurine or nicotinamide. The chemical specificity for this effect was much the same as that known for promotion of cell division in the soybean tissue.
Differences in the effects of fuel oil, an oil dispersant, and three polychlorinated biphenyls on fin regeneration in the Gulf Coast killifish, Fundulus grandis.

Several environmental pollutants have been found to inhibit growth in animals. As a result of experiments performed in this laboratory on the long range effects of low levels of environmental pollutants on molting and limb regeneration in the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator and because animals in nature are rarely exposed to a single pollutant, a series of experiments was conducted to determine the effects, if any, of a single exposure to several pollutants, singly and in combination, on fin regeneration in the Gulf Coast killifish Fundulus grandis. The pollutants investigated were a fuel oil, an oil dispersant, and three polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
The assessment of fusion power

Abstract It is argued that the recent ‘Science and Technology Options Assessment’ of fusion power produced for the European Parliament is incorrect and misleading. The report takes no account of the complex organizational structure of the European fusion programme, it misrepresents history, and it presents incomprehensible graphical evidence and criteria which are narrowly-based and largely platitudinous.
Influence of surface metallisation on magnetoelastic surface wave

The surface-wave coupling which obtains between an elastic bulk shear wave and two magnetostatic modes (one of which is a bulk wave and the other a surface wave) is discussed in the context of a metallised semi-infinite ferrite geometry.
Guilt Versus Shame: Coping, Fluency, and Framing in the Effectiveness of Responsible Drinking Messages

Abstract This article presents three studies on how the negative emotions of guilt and shame differentially influence the effectiveness of health messages framed as gains or losses. Guilt appeals are more effective when paired with gain frames, whereas shame appeals are more effective when paired with loss frames. These framing effects occur because gain frames facilitate the use of problem-focused coping strategies favored by guilt, whereas loss frames facilitate the use of emotion-focused coping strategies favored by shame. Frames that fit with the emotion facilitate the activation of coping strategies consistent with that emotion and consequently lead to greater fluency and message effectiveness. These effects manifest on intentions to binge drink and time spent viewing alcohol advertising.