cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On comparing cash flow and accrual accounting models for use in equity valuation: A response to Lundholm and O'Keefe (CAR, Summer, 2001)

A claim is commonly made that cash flow and accrual accounting methods for valuing equities must always yield equivalent valuations. A recent paper by Lundholm and O'Keefe (2001), for example, claims that, because of this equivalence, there is nothing to be learned from empirical comparison of valuation models. So they dismiss recent research that has shown that accrual accounting residual income models and earnings capitalization models perform, over a range of conditions, better than cash flow or dividend discount models. This paper demonstrates, with examples, that the claim is misguided. Practice inevitably involves forecasting over finite, truncated horizons, and the accounting specified in a model - cash versus accrual accounting in particular - is pertinent to valuation with finite-horizon forecasting. Indeed, the issue of choosing a valuation model is an issue of specifying pro forma accounting, and so, for finite-horizon forecasts, one cannot be indifferent to the accounting.
Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy and Career Commitment: Gender and Ethnic Differences Among College Students:

This study evaluated the Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale—Short Form (CDMSE-SF; Betz, Klein, & Taylor, 1996) using the Career Commitment Scale (CCS; Farmer, 1985) as a criterion measure. Responses from 165 undergraduates in a Southern university revealed high internal consistency for the CDMSE-SF, and moderate correlation between the CDMSE-SF and CCS. However, no gender or ethnic differences were found in this correlation. Females scored higher than males on the CCS. Blacks scored higher than Whites on both measures. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Interferons modulate mitogen-induced protein synthesis in airway smooth muscle

Severe asthma is characterized by increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass due, in part, to ASM cell growth and contractile protein expression associated with increased protein synthesis. Little is known regarding the combined effects of mitogens and interferons on ASM cytosolic protein synthesis. We demonstrate that human ASM mitogens including PDGF, EGF, and thrombin stimulate protein synthesis. Surprisingly, pleiotropic cytokines IFN-β and IFN-γ, which inhibit ASM proliferation, also increased cytosolic protein content in ASM cells. Thus IFN-β alone significantly increased protein synthesis by 1.62 ± 0.09-fold that was further enhanced by EGF to 2.52 ± 0.17-fold. IFN-γ alone also stimulated protein synthesis by 1.91 ± 0.15-fold; treatment of cells with PDGF, EGF, and thrombin in the presence of IFN-γ stimulated protein synthesis by 2.24 ± 0.3-, 1.25 ± 0.17-, and 2.67 ± 0.34-fold, respectively, compared with growth factors alone. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) inhibition with rapamycin inhibited IFN- and EGF-induced protein synthesis, suggesting that IFN-induced protein synthesis is modulated by mTOR/S6K1 activation. Furthermore, overexpression of tumor suppressor protein tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2), which is an upstream negative regulator of mTOR/S6K1 signaling, also inhibited mitogen-induced protein synthesis in ASM cells. IFN-β and IFN-γ stimulated miR143/145 microRNA expression and increased SM α-actin accumulation but had little effect on ASM cell size. In contrast, EGF increased ASM cell size but had little effect on miR143/145 expression. Our data demonstrate that both IFNs and mitogens stimulate protein synthesis but have differential effects on cell size and contractile protein expression and suggest that combined effects of IFNs and mitogens may contribute to ASM cell growth, contractile protein expression, and ASM remodeling in asthma.
Stability of CsCl-type intermetallic compounds under ball milling

We investigated the stability of the CsCl-type compounds AlRu, SiRu, NiTi, and CuEr under heavy deformation by high-energy ball milling. As a result, nanocrystalline intermetallic compounds have been synthesized with a microstructure showing a mixture of highly strained crystallites (5–12 nm) with random orientation. Thermal analysis of the samples indicates stored deformation energies of 5–10 kJ/mole stored by incorporation of lattice defects, chemical disorder and grain boundaries, and an increase of the heat capacity of up to 13%. Chemical disordering of the crystal is monitored by means of the long-range order parameter. The observed decrease in chemical order can be explained by the high grain boundary density of nanocrystalline metals.
The Expert Witness: Another Opportunity For College Professors

Trial lawyers are frequently in need of professionals to testify as experts in matters that are in litigation. Juries, as well as judges themselves, are normally not knowledgeable in many technical aspects of civil cases and must, therefore, be educated during the trial process. Many times, attorneys look to their local university for expertise. If you have not already received a call, someday you might be contacted by a lawyer to testify as an expert. Not only can your giving expert testimony look impressive on your vitae, it can also bring large amounts of supplemental income to a professor. Well known experts can receive thousands of dollars a day for giving their opinions on matters involved in litigation. While you might think you are or are not an expert, a brief look at court decisions can help us define the term “expert.”
Refractory Thin-Film Metallizations with Controlled Stress and Electrical Resistivity

Rhodium and iridium are refractory metals which possess intrinsically high electrical conductivity, and their chemical inertness enables their use at relatively high temperatures in microelectronics. However, due to the high Young’s modulus of these materials, a residual tensile stress of hundreds of MPa is measured in evaporated thin films. New data is presented, demonstrating control over both the magnitude and the sign of the residual stress in such refractory thin films formed by means of ion-beam-enhanced physical vapor deposition on oxidized Si substrates. The electrical resistivity and stress are determined by controlling the substrate temperature, deposition rate and ion beam parameters. Thicker films are achieved in this manner, including films with near-zero residual stress.
Catecholamine Tachyphylaxis in Isolated Hearts.

SummaryHearts isolated from rabbits infused in vivo with norepinephrine were found to be 5-8 times less reactive (positive inotropic effects) to epinephrine, norepinephrine and isoproterenol than were hearts removed from animals similarly infused with saline. Mean non-stimulated contractile force, but not mean spontaneous heart rate, was found to be significantly depressed in hearts from the norepinephrine-infused animals. Negative inotropic and chronotropic responses to acetylcholine were unaltered. Performance of hearts from norepinephrine-infused animals did not improve with time up to 60 min after isolation. Hearts from non-infused animals were infused in vitro with epinephrine or norepinephrine and showed alterations in reactivity similar to those observed with hearts from animals infused in vivo with norepinephrine. The results suggest that the infused catecholamines interact directly with mammalian hearts to produce persistent metabolic or pathologic alterations in reactivity.
Unravelling the complex drug–drug interactions of the cardiovascular drugs, verapamil and digoxin, with P-glycoprotein

Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) and associated toxicity from cardiovascular drugs represents a major problem for effective co-administration of cardiovascular therapeutics. A significant amount of drug toxicity from DDIs occurs because of drug interactions and multiple cardiovascular drug binding to the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp), which is particularly problematic for cardiovascular drugs because of their relatively low therapeutic indexes. The calcium channel antagonist, verapamil and the cardiac glycoside, digoxin, exhibit DDIs with Pgp through non-competitive inhibition of digoxin transport, which leads to elevated digoxin plasma concentrations and digoxin toxicity. In the present study, verapamil-induced ATPase activation kinetics were biphasic implying at least two verapamil-binding sites on Pgp, whereas monophasic digoxin activation of Pgp-coupled ATPase kinetics suggested a single digoxin-binding site. Using intrinsic protein fluorescence and the saturation transfer double difference (STDD) NMR techniques to probe drug–Pgp interactions, verapamil was found to have little effect on digoxin–Pgp interactions at low concentrations of verapamil, which is consistent with simultaneous binding of the drugs and non-competitive inhibition. Higher concentrations of verapamil caused significant disruption of digoxin–Pgp interactions that suggested overlapping and competing drug-binding sites. These interactions correlated to drug-induced conformational changes deduced from acrylamide quenching of Pgp tryptophan fluorescence. Also, Pgp-coupled ATPase activity kinetics measured with a range of verapamil and digoxin concentrations fit well to a DDI model encompassing non-competitive and competitive inhibition of digoxin by verapamil. The results and previous transport studies were combined into a comprehensive model of verapamil–digoxin DDIs encompassing drug binding, ATP hydrolysis, transport and conformational changes.
The Origin and Nature of the Adhesive Substance in Larvae of the Genus Chrysopa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Larvae of all throe instars produce an adhesive substance which serves to hold them to the substrate. This substance is produced in the cells of the malpighian tubules, and is passed from the body via the hindgut and the anus. It appears to be proteinaceous in nature, and may possibly be the same material as the silk, which is likewise produced by the malpighian tubules of Chrysopa and is used for spinning the cocoon.
Political Values and Professional Values in Conflict: Irish and Prothro's The Politics of American Democracy

It may be an unfortunate commentary on our achievements as “scientists”, but an American government textbook tends to be a rather topical document, and the ones that are good enough to justify the effort must be updated every several years, in order to maintain their competitive position. One of the best, I think, and surely one of the ones most highly recommended to me by other political scientists, was Marian Irish and James Prothro's The Politics of American Democracy (Prentice-Hall: 4th edn., 1968; 5th edn., 1971). I used the 1968 edition in classes several times, with such satisfaction that I ordered the new fifth edition in the summer of 1971, sight unseen. As the following comments indicate, I had reason to regret the decision. Since textbooks are rarely reviewed, and since Prentice-Hall reports that this edition will be current through 1975, I have reluctantly chosen this medium to bring some rather strange attributes of this book to the attention of the political science community. In common with many of the texts that have appeared in the last one or two years, the authors have gone to considerable effort to make their new edition more relevant to the great political disturbances we have just experienced and — to a lesser extent — are still experiencing: ghetto riots, the Vietnam peace movement, and women's liberation.
Mystery and the search for ultimate reality and meaning

L'article est consacre a la discussion du postmodernisme et aux paradigmes de la maniere dont le projet canadien de recherche URAM (Ultimate reality and meaning) a ete approche dans le passe. L'A. propose une maniere mystique d'approcher la verite et analyse les tensions impliquees dans le projet URAM.
A cross-modal feedback scheme for control of prosthetic grasp strength:

IntroductionGiven the lack of haptic feedback inherent in prosthetic devices, a natural and adaptable feedback scheme must be implemented. While multimodal feedback has proven successful in aiding ...
TRAVELERS' DIARRHEA: Epidemiology, Prevention, and Self-Treatment

Risk factors for travelers' diarrhea include adventurous behavior, consumption of unclean water or food, and special hosts like those taking long acting H2 blockers. Approaches to prevention include education about risk factors, which often fails to lead to modification of risky behavior, and chemoprophylaxis with bismuth subsalicylate-containing compounds or antimicrobial agents. Chemoprophylaxis is generally discouraged except in special circumstances and in high-risk hosts. Self-treatment of travelers' diarrhea is successful in limiting the course of diarrhea and minimizing losses of vacation and business time. Current therapeutic options, in order of increasing effectiveness, include attapulgite, BSS-containing compounds, loperamide, antimicrobial agents such as the fluoroquinolones, and the combination of loperamide and an antimicrobial agent. Under study are a nonabsorbed antimicrobial agent, rifaximin, and a novel calmodulin inhibitor, zaldaride. Development and evaluation of vaccines against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Shigella are proceeding apace but are not yet available for routine use.
Direct Current Forcing of an Atmospheric Multiburner Flame for Rocket Combustor Emulation

This study investigated the effect of direct current electric fields on the response of an atmospheric, premixed methane-air flame using electrode geometries intended to emulate a simplified liquid...
Somatic Hybrids Between Nicotiana repanda and N. tabacum Show Resistance to Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Meloidogyne arenaria

Crop improvement in cultivated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) has a long history of utilization of wild germplasm as a source of disease resistance genes. Genes for resistance have been obtained from several wild Nicotiana species and N. tabacum accessions. These include tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and powdery mildew resistance from N. glutinosa, wildfire and black shank resistance from N. longiflora, black shank resistance from N. plumbaginifolia, black root rot and blue mold resistance from N. debneyi, blue mold resistance from N. goodspeedii and N. velutina, root knot nematode resistance from N. tomentosa and N. megalosiphon, fusarium wilt and bacterial wilt resistance from the N. tabacum accession 448A, and black root rot, black shank, powdery mildew, and root knot nematode resistance from other N. tabacum accessions (Burk and Heggestad 1966; Lucas 1975; Stavely 1979). One wild species which has not been used successfully as a source of disease-resistance genes is N. repanda (Fig. 1). N. repanda has been reported to be resistant to more tobacco diseases and pathogens than any other Nicotiana species (Table 1). To date, no cultivars are available carrying disease-resistance genes derived from this species. Two species of root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne arenaria and M. javanica, are an increasingly prevalent problem on tobacco in the southeastern United States, and N. repanda has a high level of resistance to both of them. Current cultivars lack resistance to these nematode species, and the development of cultivars containing resistance genes from N. repanda would be highly desirable.
Models and Challenges of Research Governance Systems

A governance system for health research represents the regulatory and oversight mechanisms established for the protection of research participants in a country and ensuring the data crediability and science validity of the research activity. This chapter provides an introduction to the different types of research governance systems and discuss the challenges of such systems. It will conclude with a discussion regarding the importance of enhancing communications and the understanding of roles responsibilities between National Regulatory Authorities and Research Ethics Committees to ensure the rights and welfare of research participants and the safety of approved medicines.
On the geometry of real polynomials

In this article we study the structure of the space of polynomials of degree n, considered as a finite-dimensional Banach space. We give some estimates of the Banach-Mazur distance of this space and its subspaces to the classical Banach spaces l p (m). In the case when the degree of the polynomials is 2n we show that the space can be decomposed as the direct sum of n subspaces each of which is isometric to a finite dimensional l∞ space.
Compositional analysis of Intermountain Ware pottery manufacturing areas in western Wyoming, USA

Abstract In this study we examine 50 sherds from four archaeological sites to understand ceramic vessel source area variation in western Wyoming. Intermountain Ware ceramics are a diagnostic marker of Shoshone ethnicity, and our central hypothesis explores changing mobility during the Late Prehistoric and Historic Periods, ca. 1500–1870 CE. We use neutron activation analysis (NAA) for bulk paste chemical analysis and thin-section petrography to characterize clay and temper mineralogy. NAA places ceramic artifacts into eight groups with little overlap between sites in southwest and northwest Wyoming. Temper composition supports NAA groups indicating that ceramic vessels in this sample were made locally and not transported long distances before their eventual discard.
MANIPULATOR TRAJECTORY SYNTHESIS FOR MINIMAL VIBRATIONAL EXCITATION DUE TO THE PAYLOAD

As a manipulator is forced to track a desired trajectory, the required actuating torques (forces) may excite the natural modes of vibration of the robot manipulator. The harmonic content of the actuating torques and the relative magnitude of each harmonic indicate which of the system modes could be excited and the level of excitation that may be reached. In a recent study, the authors have studied the effects of the payload mass, size, and end-effector holding location on the vibrational excitation of robot manipulators during the motion. [1]. In the present paper, based on the aforementioned study, a method is developed to synthesize trajectories, that produce minimal vibrational excitation in the presence of a payload. By following such trajectories, load carrying robot manipulators can be operated at relatively higher speeds. As an example, trajectories for point to point motions with minimal potential vibrational excitation in the presence of payload are synthesized for a spatial 3R manipulator. For a...
Spare parts allocation: fuzzy systems approach

This paper addresses the use of a data analysis approach to extract information from a large number of failure equipment notifications. Based on that, a fuzzy system, capable of learning and optimizing the knowledge from historical evidence, is formed. Subsequently, its use as a guiding tool in decision making processes at the strategic level (estimation of the number of spare parts based on the warehouse location and type of failure), is outlined. To highlight its advantages, the fuzzy systems approach for spare parts allocation is compared with a probabilistic one.
Reading, writing, and revising with wiki technology: tutorial presentation

Appropriate use of wikis in teaching can enhance development of reading, writing, and critical thinking skills. The best known wiki is probably Wikipedia, a free-content encyclopedia with over five million articles in over 250 languages, but wiki technology presents possibilities well beyond its Wikipedian use. A wiki allows users very easily to collaborate to create and edit documents, and links between documents -- effectively making a website -- without needing to acquire a new set of skills. Wikis also enable users to track changes to documents, viewing any previous version of a page to see how it evolved and who made which changes. This support for collaboration and revision tracking encourages innovations that extend and expand upon common teaching methods. Our tutorial gives participants opportunities to work with wiki-based exercises involving close reading and peer review. It alternates between presentation of key ideas and techniques, hands-on activities, and discussion. We also present survey results that assess the exercises' effectiveness of exercises we have already implement for use in classes. This tutorial is primarily targeted at faculty who want to learn about wikis and ways to use wikis in their courses to support reading, writing, and revising. It should also be of value to students interested in thesetopics. Between them, the facilitators have experience using wikis in first year seminars, for team project courses, and to support collaborations across and between institutions. Development and presentation of this tutorial is supported by a Hewlett Packard Technology for Teaching grant.
Dietary Phytochemicals Target Cancer Stem Cells for Cancer Chemoprevention

Cancer is a multistep process involving genetic and epigenetic changes in the somatic genome. Genetic mutations as well as environmental factors lead to the initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer. Cancer progression ends in tumor metastasis to distant sites, and metastasis is the major reason for cancer patient deaths. Recent experimental evidence suggests the pivotal role of cancer stem cells. A tumor is heterogeneous and composed of different cell types. The cancer stem cells in the tumor have the capacity both to self-renew and differentiate to sustain the tumor. Features of cancer stem cells are described in this review, with an emphasis on the role that dietary phytochemicals may play in cancer chemoprevention. Ingredients in the diet can inhibit cancer cells and cancer stem cells. These compounds include curcumin from curry, epigallocatechin gallate from green tea, resveratrol from red wine, genistein from soy, sulforaphane from broccoli, and many others. Current research findings advocate the beneficial effects towards cancer chemoprevention via uptake of a combination of different dietary phytochemicals.
MONOTONE RELATIONS AND NETWORK EQUILIBRIUM

Conditions for network equilibrium are developed in terms of vectorvalued flows and potentials and generalized resistance relations. The extent to which the equilibrium can be expressed by a Variational Inequality or characterized by optimization is analyzed. Emphasis is placed on maximal monotone relations, especially subgradient relations associated with convex optimization.
Inversion-free Control of Hysteresis Nonlinearity Using An Adaptive Conditional Servomechanism

Smart material-based systems, such as piezoelectric nanopositioning stages, exhibit pronounced hysteresis nonlinearity that poses significant control challenges. Much of the existing work employs an inverse hysteresis operator to approximately cancel out the hysteresis nonlinearity. In this paper we propose an inversion-free approach to the control of systems with hysteresis, removing the computational complexity in constructing an inverse compensator. The hysteresis nonlinearity is modeled as a Modified Prandtl-Ishlinskii (MPI) operator. We utilize the properties of the MPI hysteresis model to transform the system into a semi-affine form, where one term has the control input appearing linearly and the other term represents the hysteretic perturbation. The proposed controller is designed based on an adaptive conditional servocompensator approach, which is a continuously-implemented sliding mode control law powered with an adaptive servocompensator. An analytical bound on the hysteretic perturbation is derived and used in the design of the sliding mode control law. A low-pass filter is augmented with the control law, to avoid solving a complicated equation involved. Our stability analysis shows that, under reasonable assumptions, the boundedness of the closed-loop system trajectories is ensured. Experiments conducted on a commercially available nanopositioner confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method as compared to the case when an inverse model is implemented; indeed, the tracking error is reduced by approximately 50% for sinusoidal references under the proposed controller.
Situational triggers and protective locations: conceptualising the salience of deportability in everyday life

Previous research has documented the severe consequences of deportation and conceptualised deportability as a key factor that produces and sustains immigrant illegality. Drawing on interview and su...
Purification of T Cell Populations

This article describes a procedure for isolating T cell subpopulations using various methods including indirect panning and immunopanning by microarray. In these methods, cells are selected by their capacity to bind to antibody-coated plates (or slides) on the basis of particular cell-surface markers. Such methods can be superior to the antibody/complement lysis method (Alternate Protocol), as they can select additional cell population for analysis. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Basic Protocol 1: Isolation of T cell populations by indirect panning Basic Protocol 2: Immunopanning with microarray Alternate Protocol: Isolation of T cell populations by antibody/complement-mediated cytotoxicity.
Implicit Standardization in a Minority Language Community: Real-Time Syntactic Change among Hasidic Yiddish Writers

The recent turn to "big data" from social media corpora has enabled sociolinguists to investigate patterns of language variation and change at unprecedented scales. However, research in this paradigm has been slow to address variable phenomena in minority languages, where data scarcity and the absence of computational tools (e.g., taggers, parsers) often present significant barriers to entry. This article analyzes socio-syntactic variation in one minority language variety, Hasidic Yiddish, focusing on a variable for which tokens can be identified in raw text using purely morphological criteria. In non-finite particle verbs, the overt tense marker tsu (cf. English to, German zu) is variably realized either between the preverbal particle and verb (e.g., oyf-tsu-es-n up-to-eat-INF 'to eat up'; the conservative variant) or before both elements (tsu oyf-es-n to up-eat-INF; the innovative variant). Nearly 38,000 tokens of non-finite particle verbs were extracted from the popular Hasidic Yiddish discussion forum Kave Shtiebel (the 'coffee room'; kaveshtiebel.com). A mixed-effects regression analysis reveals that despite a forum-wide favoring effect for the innovative variant, users favor the conservative variant the longer their accounts remain open and active. This process of rapid implicit standardization is supported by ethnographic evidence highlighting the spread of language norms among Hasidic writers on the internet, most of whom did not have the opportunity to express themselves in written Yiddish prior to the advent of social media.
Neoadjuvant chemoradiation may be associated with improved pathologic response in pancreatic cancer

Abstract Background Neoadjuvant therapy is increasingly utilized in the management of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The type of neoadjuvant therapy and its effect on pathologic response remains understudied. Methods A retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent neoadjuvant therapy followed by pancreatectomy. Multivariable regressions were used to determine associations between neoadjuvant therapy regimens and pathologic response. Results Seventy-five patients with pathologic responses available for review received FOLFIRINOX (61%) or gemcitabine with nab-paclitaxel (39%). Demographics, histologic differentiation, and utilization of chemoradiation were similar between the groups. Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that chemoradiation was associated with an increased likelihood of a complete or near-complete pathologic response and a decreased rate of lymphovascular invasion and lymph node positivity. Neither chemotherapy regimen nor number of cycles administered were associated with pathologic response. Conclusions Neoadjuvant chemoradiation may be associated with complete or near-complete pathologic response regardless of chemotherapy regimen in pancreatic cancer patients.
Models of Five Absorption Line Systems Along the Line of Sight Toward PG0117+213

We present our investigation into the physical conditions of the gas in five intervening quasar absorption line systems along the line of sight toward the quasar PG 0117+213, with redshifts of z=0.57, z=0.72, z=1.04, z=1.32 and z=1.34. Photoionization modeling of HST, Keck I, and Palomar data, using the code Cloudy, is employed to derive densities and metallicities of the multiple phases of gas required to fit the absorption profile for each system. We discuss the implications of these models for galaxy evolution, including the interpretation of ``CIV deficiency'' and damped Lyman alpha absorbers (DLAs), and the relationships between galaxy morphology, galaxy luminosity, and absorption signature.
Theory of planned behavior to predict consumer behavior in using products irrigated with purified wastewater in Iran consumer

Abstract Water shortages in some countries such as Iran have led farmers to use purified wastewater to irrigate their farms. The analysis of consumer behavior using these products is considered as one of the main issues in this regard. Among the behavioral predictor models, the theory of planned behavior is a model that can be a reliable model due to the focus on some variables such as consumer attitudes, subjective norms, as well as their perceived behavioral control. Another advantage of this model is related to the flexibility of the model in adding other variables and the possibility of increasing the power of predicting behavior. The present study aimed to examine the production of some agricultural products with purified wastewater in Iran and predict consumer behavior. The analysis of the consumer behavior in using products irrigated with purified wastewater can help plan more carefully for the cultivation of such crops. This study used the extended theory of planned behavior by adding risk perception to predict people behavior towards consuming products irrigated with purified wastewater. Data were collected from 400 villagers consuming products irrigated with purified wastewater through a questionnaire and analyzed using PLS and SPSS software. The results showed that the original theory of planned behavior explained 42.7% of the variance in consumer behavior towards the consumption of this product. The main variables of the original theory included attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms, which positively affected the consumer intentions. The risk perception was found to be the strongest predictor of consumer behavior, and their relationship was negative and significant. The addition of risk perception to the extended theory of planned behavior increased the ability of the models to explain consumer behavior by 15.4%. Policymakers and relevant organizations can promote behavior towards the consumption of this product by emphasizing risk perception and providing the consumers with the required types of knowledge and information.
Simulation Driven Process for Co-existence and Interference Issues in Electronic Devices

Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LTE and ZigBee are some of the common technologies used in the household electronic devices. The most common factor among these technologies is the use of the extremely popular 2.4 GHz frequency band. Some of these technologies coexist within the same device leading to interference. This paper focuses on identifying the interference issues in the early design stage and mitigating them through virtual prototyping.
Photoactivities of Two Vitamin B Derivatives and Their Applications in the Perpetration of Photoinduced Antibacterial Nanofibrous Membranes

Photoactivities and photoinduced antibacterial functions of two vitamin B2 (VB2) derivatives, riboflavin (RF) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), were investigated by computational modeling and variou...
An Agile Stereo Camera System

Vision systems are essential for automating tasks such as object recognition, part manipulation, inspection, and measurement. All vision systems are limited by the quality of images they acquire, so choices of cameras and illumination sources generally are made with great care. To make these decisions easier, we present an agile stereo camera system developed as a flexible image acquisition device to automatically procure a steady stream of high-quality images of a wide variety of scenes.
Cornea-Infiltrating and Lymph Node Dendritic Cells Contribute to CD4+ T Cell Expansion after Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Ocular Infection

After HSV type 1 corneal infection, CD4(+) T cells are expanded in the draining lymph nodes (DLNs) and restimulated in the infected cornea to regulate the destructive inflammatory disease herpes stromal keratitis (HSK). The contribution of cornea resident, cornea-infiltrating, and DLN resident dendritic cells (DC) to CD4(+) T cell expansion in DLNs and restimulation in corneas is unknown. Cornea resident and cornea-infiltrating DCs were selectively depleted by timed local (subconjunctival) injection of diphtheria toxin (DT) into mice that express high-affinity DT receptors from the CD11c promoter. Corneal and DLN DCs were depleted by systemic (i.p.) DT treatment. We found that: 1) DCs that were resident in the cornea and DLNs at the time of infection or that migrate into the tissues during the first 24 h postinfection were not required for CD4(+) T cell expansion; 2) DCs that infiltrated the cornea >24 h postinfection were responsible for most of the CD4(+) T cell expansion measured in the DLNs at 3 and 7 d postinfection (dpi); 3) non-cornea-derived DCs that infiltrate the DLNs >24 h postinfection made a modest contribution to CD4(+) T cell expansion at 3 dpi but did not contribute at 7 dpi; and 4) surprisingly, HSK development between 7 and 21 dpi did not require corneal DCs. DC-independent HSK development appears to reflect close interactions of CD4(+) T cells with MHC class II(+) corneal epithelial cells and macrophages in infected DC-depleted corneas.
An informational rationale for committee gatekeeping power

This essay investigates the relationship between congressional committees, information, and gatekeeping power. It shows that the power to obstruct legislation increases the amount of information transmitted by committees in equilibrium. As a consequence, rational floor actors will make it somewhat difficult, but not impossible, to discharge committees. Some committees will have effective gatekeeping power under the optimal rule, while others will not. The only committees that will be discharged are those which cannot credibly transmit any information to the parent body.
Specific binding of reserpine—: Association with norepinephrine depletion☆

Abstract Small doses of 3 H-reserpine (10–100 μg/kg) were injected i.v. into rats and the drug concentration in heart, spleen and liver measured at various intervals. Eighteen hours after a dose of 25 μg per kg, concentrations of the tritiated compound were: 4.98 ng per g heart, 6.39 ng per g spleen, and 1.48 ng per g liver. The biologic half-life of 3 H-reserpine in heart and spleen was about 18 hr; that of liver was about 4 hr. Specificity studies showed that the labeled material extracted from rat heart 18 hr after administration of the tritiated compound behaved similarly to authentic reserpine. Pretreatment of rats with tetrabenazine (20 mg/kg) or unlabeled reserpine (0.5 mg/kg) significantly reduced the amount of 3 H-reserpine found in heart and spleen 18 hr after administration of the radioactive drug, while administration of either tetrabenazine or unlabeled reserpine after the injection of 3 H-reserpine had no significant effect on levels of the labeled drug. The concentration of norepinephrine remaining in heart 18 hr after the administration of small doses of reserpine was inversely related to the concentration of persisting drug and the correlation was highly significant. It is concluded that the persistent depletion of norepinephrine by small doses of reserpine is induced and maintained by the physical presence of minute amounts of very highly bound reserpine. Calculations reveal that each molecule of reserpine persisting in heart is associated with a deficit of about 500 norepinephrine molecules. It is also calculated that about 20 molecules of reserpine persist for each affected catecholamine-containing granule.
Lymphocyte Migration Through Monolayers of Endothelial Cell Lines Involves VCAM-1 Signaling Via Endothelial Cell NADPH Oxidase

Lymphocytes migrate from the blood across endothelial cells to reach foreign substances sequestered in peripheral lymphoid organs and inflammatory sites. To study intracellular signaling in endothelial cells during lymphocyte migration, we used murine endothelial cell lines that promote lymphocyte migration and constitutively express VCAM-1. The maximum rate of resting splenic lymphocyte migration across monolayers of the endothelial cells occurred at 0-24 h. This migration was inhibited by anti-VCAM-1 or anti-alpha4 integrin, suggesting that VCAM-1 adhesion was required for migration. To determine whether signals within the endothelial cells were required for migration, irreversible inhibitors of signal transduction molecules were used to pretreat the endothelial cell lines. Inhibitors of NADPH oxidase activity (diphenyleneiodonium and apocynin) blocked migration >65% without affecting adhesion. Because NADPH oxidase catalyzes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we examined whether ROS were required for migration. Scavengers of ROS inhibited migration without affecting adhesion. Furthermore, VCAM-1 ligand binding stimulated NADPH oxidase-dependent production of ROS by the endothelial cells lines and primary endothelial cell cultures. Finally, VCAM-1 ligand binding induced an apocynin-inhibitable actin restructuring in the endothelial cell lines at the location of the lymphocyte or anti-VCAM-1-coated bead, suggesting that an NADPH oxidase-dependent endothelial cell shape change was required for lymphocyte migration. In summary, VCAM-1 signaled the activation of endothelial cell NADPH oxidase, which was required for lymphocyte migration. This suggests that endothelial cells are not only a scaffold for lymphocyte adhesion, but play an active role in promoting lymphocyte migration.
SENSORY EVALUATION OF PORK SAUSAGE CONTAINING TEXTURED VEGETABLE PROTEIN

The objective of this study was to evaluate the flavor, juiciness, and general acceptability of pork sausage containing four levels of textured vegetable protein (VP). The different formulas were evaluated, one at a time, under red lights and sensory evaluations of juiciness, flavor, and general acceptability were made on a 5-point hedonic scale (1, like very much to 5, dislike very much). Mean panel scores for flavor indicated the formula containing 10% VP was most liked, followed in order by the control, 20% and 30%. However, the control and 10% treatment were superior to the 20 and 30% treatment. Judgement of juiciness indicated a significant difference between the 10% and 20% treatment, but no significant difference could be detected when comparing either the control or 30% treatment to the 10% and 20% treatments. There was no significant difference among any of the treatments of general acceptability, but the 10% was most liked by the panelists followed by the control, 30% and 20%. Mean panel scores for flavor, juiciness and general acceptability revealed that none of the treatments were disliked. The 10% treatment was the most preferred of the four treatments when flavor, juiciness, and general acceptability were evaluated.
Heterotrimeric and Unconventional GTP Binding Proteins in Plant Cell Signaling

Signal-transducing GTPases in plants include small G proteins, heterotrimeric G proteins, and, potentially, several unique types of GTP binding proteins that are not members of either of the aforementioned classes. This review will focus on recent discoveries concerning the roles of heterotrimeric
Problems with Residual Stress in the Railroad Industry

Residual stresses are of principal concern to the railroad industry with respect to two components, wheels and rails.
Lidar and CTIPe model studies of the fast amplitude growth with altitude of the diurnal temperature “tides” in the Antarctic winter lower thermosphere and dependence on geomagnetic activity

Four years of lidar observations at McMurdo reveal that the fast amplitude growth with altitude of diurnal temperature tides from 100 to 110 km during Antarctic winters, exceeding that of the freely propagating tides from the lower atmosphere, increases in strength with the Kp magnetic activity index. Simulations with the Coupled Thermosphere Ionosphere Plasmasphere Electrodynamics (CTIPe) model reproduce the lidar observations and exhibit concentric ring structures of diurnal amplitudes encircling the south geomagnetic pole and overlapping the auroral zone. These findings point to a magnetospheric source origin. Mechanistic studies using CTIPe show that the adiabatic cooling/heating associated with Hall ion drag is the dominant source of this feature, while Joule heating is a minor contributor due to the counteraction by Joule-heating-induced adiabatic cooling. The sum of total dynamical effects and Joule heating explains ~80% of the diurnal amplitudes. Auroral particle heating, lower atmosphere tides, and direct solar heating have minor contributions.
Effect of refraction index and light sharing on detector element identification for 2D detector modules in Positron Emission Tomography

Abstract Relationships among indices of refraction (n) of scintillation detectors, light sharing among discrete detector elements and accuracy of detector element identification in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) 2-D detector arrays were examined with theory and experiment. Mismatches between the index of refraction of scintillators and the glass of photomultipliers (PMT) were seen to lead to nonlinear relationships between crystal position and ratio (positioning) signals derived from PMTs. Insight is provided into the empirically derived use of light sharing among elements of the crystals in PET 2-D array detectors to compensate for this nonlinear response.
Optical neural networks: an implementation

This paper gives a brief overview of neural networks noting the advantages of the optical implementation. The Hopfield model mainly used as an associative memory is introduced. Planar holograms have been used to defme the interconnections between neurons in optical systems but volume holograms with photorefractive crystals offer much greater potential and density for these interconnections1. Because of the lack of suitable optical material light modulators have been used to simulate neurons in the neural plane. A simple one-layer network using photorefractive material will be presented along with some preliminary results.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
DECREASE OF CA2+-ATPASE ACTIVITY IN HUMAN KERATINOCYTES DURING CALCIUM-INDUCED DIFFERENTIATION

Ca2+ regulates keratinocyte differentiation by increasing intracellular Ca2+ levels. Ca(2+)-ATPase in the Ca(2+)-induced differentiation of human keratinocytes was investigated by measuring Ca(2+)-ATPase mRNA, protein, and activity levels. Human keratinocytes were grown in Keratinocyte Growth Medium containing 0.03, 0.1, or 1.2 mM Ca2+ and assayed on days 2, 5, 7, 14, and 21. Ca(2+)-ATPase mRNA levels were found to be modestly increased in 5-, 7-, and 14-day cultured cells as compared with 2-day cultured cells, but levels fell below that of the 2-day cultured cells in the 21-day cultured cells. The Ca(2+)-ATPase mRNA levels were not affected by Ca2+ levels. A 135-kDa protein in human keratinocytes cross reacted with the monoclonal antibody against human erythrocyte Ca(2+)-ATPase. The level of this protein was decreased by Ca2+ and lost during differentiation, in parallel with the loss of enzymatic activity. Ca2+ influx of postconfluent 1.2 mM Ca(2+)-grown cells was higher than that of cells grown in lower Ca2+ concentrations. Ca2+ efflux from postconfluent cells grown in 0.03 mM Ca2+ was less than that from cells grown in stronger Ca2+ concentrations. These results suggest that the loss of the plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase with time in culture contributes to the rise in intracellular Ca2+, thus promoting keratinocyte differentiation.
Properties of the phosphofructokinase regulatory factors.

Abstract The work presented herein describes many of the physiological properties of the phosphofructokinase regulatory factors. Factor activity can be separated into two discrete fractions, which were designated factor A and factor B, based on their respective charges. A preparation containing both factor A and factor B did not protect the following key carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes from thermal inactivation: glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase (solubilized or nonsolubilized forms), pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-P dehydrogenase, muscle-type phosphofructokinase, or the minor liver phosphofructokinase isozyme. Factor activity in this sample was found to be Pronase sensitive, irreversibly precipitated by trichloroacetic acid, reversibly precipitated by adjusting the sample to a pH of 3.0, and stable to heating at 98 °C for 20 min. Distribution studies indicated that factor activity was found only in the soluble cell fraction and not in the mitochondrial or nuclear fractions. Factor activity was retained by 12,000–14,000 molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) dialysis tubing, and not retained by 50,000 MWCO dialysis tubing. These studies indicate that fructose-2,6-P2, calmodulin, or insulin-generated mediator are not associated with factor activity. Although fructose-2,6-P2 did not, both factor preparations protect the major liver phosphofructokinase isozyme (liver PFK) from inactivation by lysosomal extracts. In the diabetic rat, the activities of both factors are greatly reduced but return to near normal levels after 48 h of insulin administration. These data suggest that factor B had little or no effect on the kinetic properties of liver PFK. However, factor A was a K-type activator with respect to fructose-6-P, increasing both the Km and Ki for ATP, and slightly increasing the Vm.
Desorption of a two-state system: Laser probing of gallium atom spin-orbit states from silicon (100)

Abstract The interactions of gallium atom spin-orbit states with silicon (100) surfaces are studied by temperature programmed desorption (TPD) using laser-induced fluorescence detection. State-resolved sticking coefficients are measured and are found to be unity for both spin-orbit states ( 2 P 1 2 , 2 P 3 2 , ΔE = 2.5 kcal mol −1 , 10.5 kJ mol −1 ) up to surface temperatures of 1000 K. A Redhead analysis of the state-specific TPD spectra yields essentially identical energies and pre-exponential factors for both spin-orbit states. A statistical branching ratio is observed between the 2 P 1 2 and 2 P 3 2 Ga states at the peak of the TPD curves. These results may be accounted for by a rapid interconversion between the two states during the desorption. Since the spin-orbit splitting in this case is small, a rapid interconversion may be anticipated; however, modeling the desorption kinetics yields important features for the desorption of a two-state system. The model shows that the Redhead analysis is not adequate to measure the desorption kinetic parameters of the individual states. The TPD spectra of the two states differ only very slightly because their shape is mainly controlled by the overall rate of desorption for the sum of the two channels. The population ratio between the states allows a direct comparison of the desorption energetics of the two channels. Errors of 5–10 kcal mol −1 can occur in a determination of the desorption energy of a hypothetical, slowly desorbing state if the presence of a rapid desorption channel is ignored. The model can be generalized to describe any multiple channel surface process, including multi-state desorption of the competition between desorption and diffusion into the bulk. These results are of interest in the epitaxial growth of GaAs on Si(100).