cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiple coil-type Fano resonances in all-dielectric antisymmetric quadrumers

In this study, we examined the optical properties of an antisymmetric quadrumer composed of silicon (Si) nanodisks that are located in a close proximity to each other as a molecular cluster. Considering the magnetic response of the presented cluster and modifying the geometrical sizes of employed nanodisks, we calculated the extinction cross-sectional profile in a numerical methods by using two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain model. We verified that proposed configuration can be tailored to support multiple strong and deep coil-type Fano resonances without significant radiation losses. Comparing the performance of the structure with analogous metallic nanoclusters, the superior behavior of the investigated quadrumer is evaluated and confirmed. We verified that localized magnetic fields can be exploited to intensify the energy of produced hot-spots.
A TAT-modified fusion protein efficiently penetrates mouse hypoglossal nuclei from transduced ependyma

Abstract Future gene therapy for brainstem variant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis may be technically difficult if gene therapy vectors are injected near vital cardiorespiratory centers or if large portions of the tongue and pharyngeal muscles must be peripherally injected for retrograde transport of vectors to motor neurons. In this study we show that it is possible to deliver recombinant proteins to the hypoglossal nuclei without brainstem or muscle injections, by taking advantage of enhanced uptake of fusion proteins containing the protein transduction domain from the human immunodeficiency virus TAT protein. Adenoviral vectors expressing either TAT-modified or native β-glucuronidase (β-gluc) were injected into the lateral cerebral ventricles of mice, transducing ventricular epithelium down to the level of the obex in the brainstem. There was significant uptake into the hypoglossal nuclei of TAT-modified but not native β-glucuronidase. The TAT-modified β-gluc appeared to encompass half or more of the hypoglossal nuclei as visualized by retrograde labeling with cholera toxin subunit b in adjacent sections. TAT-modification of gene products may allow a relatively non-invasive approach to brainstem gene therapy via cerebroventricular injection.
SU‐FF‐J‐87: Iterative Sorting for 4D CT Images Based On Internal Anatomic Motion

Purpose: To reduce the discontinuity artifacts in the current 4D CT volumes formed by the oversampling‐sorting process using multi‐slice CT scanners. Method and Materials: We acquire 4D CTimages using a General Electric (GE) 8‐slice Lightspeed CT scanner operated in cine mode. We then iteratively sort the CTimages using estimated internal motion breathing indices rather than relying on externally recorded breathing signals. In each iteration, respiratory motion is estimated by updating a motion model to best match a deformed reference volume to the moving multi‐slice CTimages. Based on the estimated motion, we refine the breathing indices as well as the reference volumes and then continue another iteration of the sorting process. The algorithm terminates when the most current two iterations attain the same sorted 4D CT volumes. Results: We applied this iterative sorting method on a set of 4D CT clinical data. Our estimated breathing signals resembled the recorded external breathing signals, with subtle differences existing between individual samples. The resulting sorted volumes using the estimated internal motion‐based breathing indices contained less discontinuity artifacts, comparing to those using external breathing indices. Conclusions: The proposed iterative method establishes the temporal correspondences among the 4D CTimages from the estimated internal anatomy motion, and hence improves the consistency of sorted 4D CT volumes. Sponsored by NIH P01‐CA59827.
Varietal relationships of the α-gliadin proteins in wheat

The aggregatable α-gliadin of Bernardin et al.1 was found in only 4 of 16 wheat varieties tested by ultracentrifugation of an acetic acid extract combined with examination of the pellet by gel electrophoresis at pH 3.3. Those 4 wheat varieties were Scout 66, Cheyenne, Ponca and Itana. The name A-gliadin was given to the aggregatable α-gliadin to distinguish it from other gliadins with similar electrophoretic mobilities. The two-band gel electrophoretic pattern at pH 3.2 was the same for A-gliadin from all four varieties as was the pattern at pH 8.6. The molecular weight of A-gliadin from all four varieties was about 36 000 as determined by gel electrophoresis in an SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate) buffer. The genes responsible for the A-gliadin components apparently were contributed by Crimean (Turkey) which appeared in the ancestry of all four varieties.
Health reform and shifts in funding for sexually transmitted infection services.

BackgroundIn the Affordable Care Act era, no-cost-to-patient publicly funded sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics have been challenged as the standard STI care delivery model. This study examined the impact of removing public funding and instituting a flat fee within an STI clinic under stat
Component current method of circuit analysis

IN THE APPLICATION of the mesh analysis method to network problems a question is frequently raised: How should the loop currents be chosen so their independence will always be assured? Several rules may be followed to assure the independence of the set of loop currents. For instance, if a network is flat its mesh currents form a set of independent loop currents. Another scheme that may be followed is to choose the loop currents in such a way that, as each loop current path is traced, it includes at least one new branch that has not been traced before.
Further development of a scanned near-field optical microscope for magneto-optic Kerr imaging of magnetic domains with 10nm resolution

Work is described on the development of a scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) for the primary purpose of imaging magnetic systems with resolution on the order of 10 nm. Since many magnetic materials are optically opaque, it is desired to have a probe which is appropriate for the reflection mode. The near-field probe must be linearly polarizable, since the magneto-optic kerr effect (MOKE) is utilized for magnetic imaging. Data will be presented on the characterization and use of ∼30 nm diameter Ag particles as probes for MOKE-sensitive SNOM. Such small metal particles exhibit a localized plasmon resonance in the visible, which greatly enhances their optical scattering cross-section. We have made a systematic study of the light scattering properties of single Ag particles from 20 to 30 nm in size with a high-sensitivity micro spectrophotometer system, for several reasons: (1) To compare the light scattering properties of individual particles with the predictions of Mie theory; (2) to understand the polarization sensitivity of the optical scattering properties of real aspherical particles; and (3) to optimize the probe-sample separation distance for various magnetic materials of interest Ag particles prepared by colloidal chemistry techniques have been deposited on Bi-doped YIG and silica-coated permalloy to measure the magnitude of near-field MOKE. Near-field MOKE polarization rotations of 1.5 and 6.5 milliradians were measured for permalloy and YIG, respectively.
Real-Time Optimal Control of Flexible Structures Using Subspace Techniques

In this paper, a novel real-time optimal control is designed for a class of embedded flexible structures such as a cantilever beam. The proposed strategy is based on a new recursive subspace identification and receeding horizon optimal control. The proposed recursive strategy can be parameterized in terms of recursive approximation of subspace intersections and adaptive estimation of state sequences. The proposed integrated modeling-control strategy can be implemented, in real-time, with minimum knowledge of the controlled system. Actual hardware experiments using a DSP have been carried out in order to verify the performance of the proposed methodology
Pigmented odontogenic tumor of jawbone. A previously undescribed expression of neoplastic potential.

A tumor of epithelial odontogenic origin was associated with an unerupted mandibular molar tooth in a 12-year-old girl. Prominent intracellular melanin pigmentation and lack of melanogenic organelles suggest that melanin was phagocytized by the tumor cells during an early developmental phase. The histogenesis of this neoplasm is discussed, and microscopic features are delineated.
Quantitative determination of In and Sn in cassiterites by instrumental neutron activation analysis

Indium (10–15,000 ppm) and tin (20–90%) are quantitatively determined in cassiterite samples by instrumental (thermal) neutron activation analysis, using semiconductor detectors and gamma spectroscopy. Precision is 7% or better for In and 5% or better for Sn. The detection limit is 2 ppm for In and 0.4% for Sn in Mexican cassiterites.
A cytological study of radiation effects in testes of the screw-worm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae).

When pupae were irradiated with gamma rays from Co60, wide differences were found in the radiosensitivity of different cell types in screw-worm testes. Almost all very young primary spermatocytes were apparently killed after having received only 100 R. Most secondary spermatogonia were killed with 500 R, and total destruction of the primary spermatogonia in different testes occurred over a range of dose levels from 1500 to 3000 R. In testes irradiated with 6000 R, necrosis of most young spermatocytes and of all but a few early secondary spermatogonia was evident at 6–7 hours. Until the eighth hour most primary spermatogonia did not show evidence of necrosis and some nondegenerate cells of this class were still seen at 12 hours but not at 25 hours. Death of all cells apparently occurred during interphase or perhaps very early prophase. Even at the highest dose level (6200 R), secondary spermatocytes and those primary spermatocytes that had reached a certain stage of development were not killed. However, they did suffer gross chromosomal damage, and most of spermatids formed from them failed to develop into normal-appearing sperm. No morphological changes could be seen in those cells irradiated as spermatids or as immature sperm, and they developed into normal-appearing mature sperm. The stages in the recovery of spermiogenic activity were traced out in flies that had received 1500 R as 2-day-old pupae.
A Defect in Nurturing in Mice Lacking the Immediate Early Gene fosB

Abstract Although expression of the Fos family of transcription factors is induced by environmental stimuli that trigger adaptive neuronal responses, eidence that Fos family members mediate these responses is lacking. To address this issue, mice were generated with an inactivating mutation in the fosB gene. fosB mutant mice are profoundly deficient in their ability to nurture young animals but are normal with respect to other cognitive and sensory functions. The nurturing defect is likely due to the absence of FosB in the preoptic area, a region of the hypothalamus that is critical for nurturing. These observations suggest that a transcription factor controls a complex behavior by regulating a specific neuronal circuit and indicate that nurturing in mammals has a genetic component.
Dc conduction of electron-beam evaporated zirconia thin films

The temperature dependence of conductivity, I-V characteristics and charge storage were studied for electron-beam evaporated MoZrO2-Mo thin film structures. The studies were conducted mainly for samples deposited at 300 and 450 °C. The dc conduction behavior of the samples was similar for all deposition temperatures at fields below 0.25 MV/cm and at temperatures between 25 and 325 °C. The conduction was ohmic and polarity independent, characterised by an activation energy decrease above 120 °C and an increase above ∼200 °C. Activation energies were higher (0.6 – 1.0 eV) than those of ac conduction (0.05–0.4 eV). The effect of adsorbed moisture or a mix of electron hop and ionic conduction, or a combination of all three, were suggested as possible mechanisms. A sample deposited at the high temperature of 450 °C was ohmic up to breakdown, but the one deposited at the low temperature of 300 °C showed a space-charge-limited-current (SCLC) effect at fields above 0.25 MV/cm and room temperature. Charge storage by the MoZrO2-Mo samples increased linearly with voltage and increased with temperature. At any voltage and temperature, the sample deposited at 300 °C had roughly double the charge storage of the one deposited at 450 °C. Charge storage was polarity independent at 25 and 60 °C, but showed a polarity dependence at 90 °C that was ascribed to the remanence of previous charging.
Galantamine attenuates some of the subjective effects of intravenous nicotine and improves performance on a Go No-Go task in abstinent cigarette smokers: a preliminary report

Rationale Galantamine (GAL), a reversible and competitive inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, is used clinically in the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Some preclinical and clinical studies support the potential efficacy of cholinesterase inhibitors for smoking cessation, although their effects on the behavioral and physiological responses to nicotine have not been examined. The goal of this study was to characterize GAL's actions on multiple outcomes, including withdrawal severity and cognitive performance, as well as subjective and physiological responses to nicotine administered intravenously.
THE PARS DISTALIS OF THE FEMALE RABBIT HYPOPHYSIS: AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY.

New Zealand virgin rabbits were used in this study. Normal males and castrated, thyroidectomized and recently mated females formed the control groups. Correlation with the light microscopical appearance using the method of alternate thin and thick sections, correlation with the control glands, and comparison with the descriptions in the rat, were used as criteria for the identification of five different types of secretory cells in the pars distalis. Two types of “acidophiles” were found, the more numerous and conspicuous having secretory granules of a maximum diameter of 380–400 mm (growth hormone-producing cell), and a second type with granules of 600–800 mm, very seldom seen in the virgin rabbit but increasing in number and granulation after mating (Prolactin-producing cell). Two types of “basophiles” that correspond to the “thyrotrophes” (angular shape, granules of 150 mm in diameter) and “gonadotrophes” (rounded shape, granules of 280–300 mμ), were also identified. In addition, a peculiar large cell with characteristic mottled cytoplasm and very few granules was tentatively identified as a “basophile” in the process of regranulation. Its functional significance was discussed. A stellate cell having fibrillar material and no secretory granules within its cytoplasmic processes, found between parenchymal cells and approaching basement membranes, was tentatively identified as a supporting element. In addition to the description of the fine structure and possible functional significance of the different cell types, some features as cilia, desmosomes, intranuclear fibrillar material, as well as vacuolization of cells in normal glands were also discussed.
Isospin dependence of pion absorption on nucleon pairs

The suppressed ratio of (..pi../sup -/, pn) to (..pi../sup +/, pp) pion absorption cross sections on /sup 3,4/He has an important contribution from NN' intermediate states, where N' denotes a P/sub 11/ ..pi..N interaction. The order-of-magnitude energy variation of this ratio, from stopped pions to pions above the (3,3) resonance, is reproduced in calculations using a unitary isobar model. We predict a strong asymmetry in the angular distribution of the ratio at higher pion energies.
Heritable breast cancer in twins

Known major mutations such as BRCA1/2 and TP53 only cause a small proportion of heritable breast cancers. Co-dominant genes of lower penetrance that regulate hormones have been thought responsible for most others. Incident breast cancer cases in the identical (monozygotic) twins of representative cases reflect the entire range of pertinent alleles, whether acting singly or in combination. Having reported the rate in twins and other relatives of cases to be high and nearly constant over age, we now examine the descriptive and histological characteristics of the concordant and discordant breast cancers occurring in 2310 affected pairs of monozygotic and fraternal (dizygotic) twins in relation to conventional expectations and hypotheses. Like other first-degree relatives, dizygotic co-twins of breast cancer cases are at higher than usual risk (standardised incidence ratio (SIR)=1.7, CI=1.1–2.6), but the additional cases among monozygotic co-twins of cases are much more numerous, both before and after menopause (SIR=4.4, CI=3.6–5.6), than the 100% genetic identity would predict. Monozygotic co-twin diagnoses following early proband cancers also occur more rapidly than expected (within 5 years, SIR=20.0, CI=7.5–53.3). Cases in concordant pairs represent heritable disease and are significantly more likely to be oestrogen receptor-positive than those of comparable age from discordant pairs. The increase in risk to the monozygotic co-twins of cases cannot be attributed to the common environment, to factors that cumulate with age, or to any aggregate of single autosomal dominant mutations. The genotype more plausibly consists of multiple co-existing susceptibility alleles acting through heightened susceptibility to hormones and/or defective tumour suppression. The resultant class of disease accounts for a larger proportion of all breast cancers than previously thought, with a rather high overall penetrance. Some of the biological characteristics differ from those of breast cancer generally.
Noninvasive detection of skin cancers by measuring optical properties of tissues

Skin cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer of all cancers. Each yea rover 500,000 new cases of skin cancer will be detected. A high percentage of skin cancers are diseases in which fatalities can be all but eliminated and morbidity reduced if detected early and treated properly. These skin lesions are distinguished generally by subjective visual inspection and their definitive diagnosis requires time-consuming expensive histopathological evaluation of excisional or incisional biopsies. In vivo experimental evidence published in the literature has shown that cancerous skin lesions have different total diffuse reflectance spectra than non- cancerous lesions or normal skin. Therefore, cancerous skin lesions may be differentiated from non-cancerous skin lesions by comparing the optical properties of the skin lesions with those of the surrounding normal skin sites, where the optical properties of the normal skin sites are used to account for different types of skin or different areas of skin. We have demonstrated that the effect of melanin concentration on the diffuse reflectance may be removed by extrapolating the reflectance at different wavelengths to an apparent pivot point. Because the concentration of melanin does not indicate malignancy, the removal of its effect is important to avoid false detection. The total diffuse reflectance depends on the albedo and anisotropy of tissues. Therefore, the total diffuse reflectance will remain the same as long as the anisotropy and the ratio between the absorption coefficient and the reduced scattering coefficient remain the same. Separating the absorption and scattering effects should enhance the detection sensitivity of skin cancers.
Nearly equilibrium growth of In1−x Gax Asy P1−y (0 ≤ y ≤ 1) Lattice-Matched to InP

Data for nearly-equilibrium LPE growth at 626°C of InGaAs lattice-matched to the face of InP are presented and the modeling of phase equilibria in this system is discussed. Because the simple solution approximation, which is useful for modeling binary (InP) and ternary (InGaAs) growth, is found to be unsatisfactory for the quaternary, a semi-empirical model suitable for determining the phase equilibria for LPE growth of any lattice-matched composition over a wide temperature range is proposed. The model is based on a simple scaling of data for lattice-matched growth at one liquidus temperature, 626°C, to other temperatures using data for the two lattice-matching compositions, InP and InGaAs, for which the temperature dependencies can be calculated. Using this ‘model’, melt compositions for growth with 600 < Tl < 660°C are calculated and compared with expermental results. The nearly-equilibrium growth technique is fully described and empirical techniques for adjusting melt compositions to improve the degree of lattice-match are also given.
The Evolution of Hantaviruses

Hantaviruses exist in most regions of the world. The many different strains identified thus far have widely divergent roles in human disease and infect a wide range of rodent hosts. The sequence data available for the genomes of these viruses allows us to study indirectly the evolutionary patterns of the hantaviruses. In this paper, we describe relationships among the M genomic segments of hantaviruses, and attempt to relate these to the evolutionary relationships of the virus' rodent hosts.
Solvo-thermal synthesis of layered Cu-based superconductors using EDTA chelate precursor

Abstract Preparation of Cu-based layered copper oxides was carried out using CuBaCa(La)-ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetate (EDTA) chelate precursors. Effect of La adding on products was investigated using solvothermal reaction of CuBaCa(La)-EDTA precursors in 30% H2O2, ethylamine and propylamine solutions at 200°C for 6 h, and direct calcination of precursors. When 5 mol% La added in precursors, layered copper oxide formed by calcination at 750°C for 12 h.
‘Induced‐fit’ binding of an aryl phosphate by a macrobicyclic dicationic cyclodextrin derivative

Binding of an aryl phosphate ester with a dicationic cyclodextrin derivative was compared to that with an analogous, more conformationally restricted cyclodextrin. Binding of the latter host occurs with an unexpected increase in binding free energy, resulting from an increase in binding enthalpy. A structural basis for this difference involving ‘induced-fit’ binding is proposed based on NMR experiments with the free host and the complex. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Durable Protection from Vaginal Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Macaques by Tenofovir Gel and Its Relationship to Drug Levels in Tissue

A vaginal gel containing 1% tenofovir (TFV) was found to be safe and effective in reducing HIV infection in women when used pericoitally. Because of the long intracellular half-life of TFV and high drug exposure in vaginal tissues, we hypothesized that a vaginal gel containing TFV may provide long-lasting protection. Here, we performed delayed-challenge experiments and showed that vaginal 1% TFV gel protected 4/6 macaques against vaginal simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) exposures occurring 3 days after gel application, demonstrating long-lasting protection. Despite continued gel dosing postinfection, neither breakthrough infection had evidence of drug resistance by ultrasensitive testing of SHIV in plasma and vaginal lavage. Analysis of the active intracellular tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) in vaginal lymphocytes collected 4 h to 3 days after gel dosing persistently showed high TFV-DP levels (median, 1,810 fmol/106 cells) between 4 and 24 h that exceed the 95% inhibitory concentration (IC95), reflecting rapid accumulation and long persistence. In contrast to those in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) following oral dosing, TFV-DP levels in vaginal lymphocytes decreased approximately 7-fold by 3 days, exhibiting a much higher rate of decay. We observed a strong correlation between intracellular TFV-DP in vaginal lymphocytes, in vitro antiviral activity, and in vivo protection, suggesting that TFV-DP above the in vitro IC95 in vaginal lymphocytes is a good predictor of high efficacy. Data from this model reveal an extended window of protection by TFV gel that supports coitus-independent use. The identification of protective TFV-DP concentrations in vaginal lymphocytes may facilitate the evaluation of improved delivery methods of topical TFV and inform clinical studies.
Antibody to threonyl-transfer RNA synthetase in myositis sera

The prevalence and clinical correlations of anti-threonyl-transfer RNA synthetase (anti-PL-7), as well as the relationship of anti-PL-7 to anti-histidyl-transfer RNA synthetase (anti-Jo-1) were studied in 109 sera from patients with myositis. Inhibition of threonine aminoacylation was used to screen for anti-PL-7. Sera from 3 patients, 2 with polymyositis and 1 with polymyositis-overlap syndrome, and a fourth serum from a patient with dermatomyositis, which was previously found to contain anti-PL-7, inhibited greater than 90% of activity (3.7% of 109 sera). All 4 sera reacted strongly in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with enzyme that was either affinity purified with anti-PL-7 or was biochemically purified. There was no indication of cross-reactivity by aminoacylation inhibition or, for most sera, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-PL-7 is an uncommon myositis-associated antibody that is independent of anti-Jo-1, but is directed at a functionally related enzyme.
Luminescence of the F + Center in MgO

A luminescence band with a half-width of about 0.6 eV at liquid-nitrogen temperature, which can be excited by uv light and x rays, has been observed in irradiated and additively colored MgO crystals at 3.13 eV. By combining ESR and optical studies, this emission band has been identified as due to ${F}^{+}$ centers (oxygen-ion vacancies each occupied by one electron). Furthermore, after resolving the ${F}^{+}$- and the $F$-band absorption in the vicinity of 5.0 eV, an analysis of the bands indicates that the oscillator strength of the $F$ center is about 1.25, when the oscillator strength of the ${F}^{+}$ center is taken to be 0.8.
W. E. B. Du Bois’s Sociology: The Philadelphia Negro and Social Science

The author addresses how, as a scholar, W. E. B. Du Bois transcended disciplinary boundaries and genre by providing answers to questions of racial colonialism and enslavement, the role of theory in social change, and the role of race in the dehumanization of the African, to name only a few. Here, the author offers a critical review of Du Bois’s application of sociology to the study of the African diaspora in America in The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study. The article gives an overview of Du Bois’s sociological research as historical, statistical, demographic, and cultural in nature—the type of research that, Du Bois demanded, must lead to social action.
Crucifixion stories, the 1869 Caste War of Chiapas, and negative consciousness: a disruptive subaltern study

In this article I apply the methodology of the Subaltern Studies group, especially Ranajit Guha's theory of negative consciousness, to an instance of indigenous insurgency in Mesoamerica. During the Caste War of Chiapas, 1867–69, the Maya apparently crucified a boy and, emboldened by this “Indian Christ,” they swept out of the hills killing non-Indians indiscriminately. I argue not only that Guha's “elementary aspects of peasant insurgency” (1983) aid in understanding the ferocious mimesis of the Mayan crucifixion, but also that the Caste War has a disruptive history that challenges theories of resistance as well as the relation of the historian and the ethnographer to the subaltern and to the “colonizer” subject.
Molecular beads on a charged molecular string: α,ω-alkyldiammonium complexes of cucurbit[6]uril in the gas phase

Abstract Complexes of α,ω-alkyldiammonium cations [H 3 N + (CH 2 ) n NH 3 + , n = 2–10] with the cyclic, hollow ligand cucurbit[6]uril (CB6) were characterized in the gas phase using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry with energy resolved sustained off-resonance irradiation (SORI) collision induced dissociation, in combination with HF/6-31G* and B3LYP/6-31G* computational methods. All the complexes have the diammonium cation threaded through the cavity of CB6. The modeled supramolecular geometries, the SORI energies required for dissociation of the complexes and for appearance of singly protonated diamine product ions, and the branching ratios for the various dissociation channels all suggest that the optimum α,ω-alkyldiammonium chain length for binding CB6 in the gas phase occurs for n = 4. This contrasts with observed complex stability constants in aqueous formic acid, which are maximum for n = 6, reflecting solvent stabilization of the ammonium groups that is not possible in the gas phase. At the B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory, the binding energy for the n = 4 complex with respect to dissociation to singly protonated butanediamine and protonated CB6 is 204 kJ mol −1 . The n = 6 complex exhibits especially low dissociation thresholds, perhaps reflecting compression of the diammonium cation upon complexation with CB6, forming a loaded “molecular spring.”
Constituents of the human ventricular myocardium: connective tissue hyperplasia accompanying muscular hypertrophy.

Abstract Left-sided congestive heart failure may be secondary to decreased left ventricular myocardial compliance in some patients. To investigate the anatomic basis for altered wall stiffness, morphometric determinations of muscle cell nuclear density and percent of myocardium consisting of muscle cells were made for right and left ventricular free wall and septum in 127 hearts with normal coronary arteries. The hearts were normal (33 patients), had left ventricular hypertrophy (28 patients), right ventricular hypertrophy (25 patients), or chronic dilatation (41 patients). With cardiac enlargement, the average percent of myocardium consisting of muscle did not change from the approximately 75% value characteristic of normal hearts. In contrast, muscle cell nuclear density decreased proportionate to cardiac enlargement, demonstrating that muscle cell hypertrophy, not hyperplasia, is the basis for weight increase. Some hearts with marked longstanding dilatation also had perivascular and interstitital “striae” of connective tissue differing from replacement fibrosis. An increase in epicardial coronary artery caliber commensurate with increased heart weight suggests that ischemia is not the basis of connective tissue increase. The results show that cardiac muscle cell hypertrophy is accompanied by commensurate increase in interstitial connective tissues. This pattern of myocardial growth with cardiac enlargement may produce increased myocardial stiffness simply as a result of increased wall thickness, and may lead to left-sided congestive heart failure.
Fluvial and Deltaic Facies in the Sentinel Butte Formation, Central Williston Basin

ABSTRACT Fluvial facies in the Sentinel Butte Formation include meandering-channel, channel-plug, natural-levee, floodbasin, and swamp facies. The channel facies comprises elongate, tabular, fining-upward sand beds that exhibit gently dipping point-bar surfaces (sigmoidal cross bedding). Trough cross bedding in the lower part of the sand beds grades upward to planar and ripple cross bedding. Paleocurrent data indicate current directions generally parallel to bed trends. Channel-plug facies consist of organic silty clay filling arcuate, asymmetrically trough-shaped abandoned meanders. Levee facies grade upward from channel facies and consist of ripple cross-bedded sandy silt and silty clay. Floodbasin facies comprise dark-gray, organic, bioturbated silty clay, and grade upward to woody lignite f the swamp facies. Petrified tree stumps are present in levee, floodbasin, and swamp facies. Deltaic facies include distributary-channel, channel-plug, natural-levee, marsh, delta-front, prodelta, interdistributary-bay, and crevasse-splay facies. The channel facies consists of elongate, narrow, trough-shaped, fining-upward sand beds. Planar cross bedding grades upward to ripple and climbing-ripple cross bedding. Paleocurrent indicators are parallel to sand bed trends. Most channel deposits grade upward to organic, disturbed clay and lignite of the marsh facies, but others grade upward to ripple cross-bedded sandy silt and silty clay of the channel-plug facies. Small levee facies of silty clay border the upper part of the channel facies and grade downward to planar cross-bedded silty sand and silty clay of the delta-front facies. The delta-front facies overlies laminated, spar ely fossiliferous silty clay of the prodelta facies and grades laterally to fissile silty clay of the interdistributary-bay facies. Thin, lens-shaped beds of silty sand within the interdistributary-bay facies represent the crevasse-splay facies.
Public Law 99-457 and the Clinical Pediatrician Part 2: Implication for the Pediatrician

This is the second of a 2-part presentation of the requirements and the implications for the pediatrician of Federal Law PL 99-457. Part 1, printed in March 1990, defined the details of the law.
Tectonic fabric of Sierra Leone, West Africa: implications for Mesozoic continental breakup

A lineament map interpreted from Landsat images has been integrated with available geological and geophysical data from both offshore and onshore regions of Sierra Leone. The lineament patterns are related to intraplate and plate marginal reaction of pre-existing structures during Mesozoic rifting events that resulted in strong tectonic controls on magmatism. Of four main lineament trends, the NNW-SSE to N–S, NNE–SSW, and ENE–WSW trends are directly relatable to Archaean fabric in the Leo Uplift. A NW-SE trend reflects coast-parallel late Mesozoic dykes that follow the Rokelide Pan–African fabric (reactivated Archaean NNW and N–S trending structures). NW–SE trending faults defining offshore basins are segmented and offset by ENE–WSW trending continental extensions of Ocean fracture zones. Both the Guinea and Sierra Leone Fracture Zones have nucleated on ENE–WSW trending sinistral Archaean shear zones in the Leo Uplift. The four lineament trends focused Mesozoic magmatic events through protracted reactivation, Spatial and geometric relationships between the magmatic provinces and tectonic fabric indicate that intraplate deformation occurs far inland during rifting events. The angular relationships between the Permo–Triassic NE trending Guinea Belt, the Jurassic–Triassic NW–SE trending coast-parallel dykes, and the ENE–WSW trending Ocean fracture zones centred on the eariy Jurassic Freetown basic igneous complex, suggest that the Sierra Leone–Liberia continental margin evolved as an obliquely-sheared, rift–rift–transform passive margin during Mesozoic continental breakup.
Using a melanin granule lattice model to study the thermal effects of pulsed and scanning light irradiations through a measurement aperture

Optical radiation hazards of scanning light sources are often evaluated using pulsed light source criteria, with the relevant pulse parameter equivalent to the scanning light source determined by the energy delivered through a measurement aperture. However, physical equivalence has not been completely understood: a pulsed light source is temporally dynamic but spatially stationary, while a scanning light source is temporally stationary but spatially dynamic. This study introduces a numerical analysis based upon the melanin granule lattice model to investigate the equivalence of scanning and pulsed light sources through a measurement aperture and their respective thermal effects in the pigmented retinal layer. The numerical analysis calculates the thermal contribution of individual melanin granules with varying temporal sequence, and finds that temperature changes and thermal damage thresholds for the two different types of light sources were not equal. However, dwell times of 40 to 200 μsec did not produce significant differences between pulsed and scanning light sources in temperature change and thermal damage thresholds to the sample tissue.
Developing effective e-recruiting websites: Insights for managers from marketers

College of Business and Public Administration, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USAAbstract In recent years, the practice of using corporate websites to recruit jobapplicants has increased steadily. Despite this trend, however, studies show thatapproximately 75% of job seekers find the sites too complicated to use successfully[Brown, D. (2004). Unwanted online job seekers swamp HR staff. Canadian HRReporter, 17(7), 1–2] and that more than 20% have rejected job opportunities basedon poorly designed websites [Pastore, M. (2000, March 29). http://www.clickz.com/showPage.html?page=330331]. To address this problem, this article joins Internetmarketing and employee recruitment research to offer six development implicationsfor creating an effective “e-recruitment” source on a corporate website. Based on ajob marketing approach to the recruitment process and consumer behavior researchon persuasive communication and decision making, we present considerationsimportant to creating an online recruiting website that effectively influences thesearch decisions and behaviors of a target market of desired job candidates.© 2007 Kelley School of Business, Indiana University. All rights reserved.
Development and validation of a screening instrument for bipolar spectrum disorder: the Mood Disorder Questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE: Bipolar spectrum disorders, which include bipolar I, bipolar II, and bipolar disorder not otherwise specified, frequently go unrecognized, undiagnosed, and untreated. This report describes the validation of a new brief self-report screening instrument for bipolar spectrum disorders called the Mood Disorder Questionnaire. METHOD: A total of 198 patients attending five outpatient clinics that primarily treat patients with mood disorders completed the Mood Disorder Questionnaire. A research professional, blind to the Mood Disorder Questionnaire results, conducted a telephone research diagnostic interview by means of the bipolar module of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. RESULTS: A Mood Disorder Questionnaire screening score of 7 or more items yielded good sensitivity (0.73) and very good specificity (0.90). CONCLUSIONS: The Mood Disorder Questionnaire is a useful screening instrument for bipolar spectrum disorder in a psychiatric outpatient population.
Development and evaluation of artificial intelligence techniques for tactical decision support systems

To facilitate research into multiagent planning issues, the Command and Control Testbed Using Simulation (CACTUS) and the Situation-based Autonomous Reasoner in a GBB (ground-based battle) Environment (SARGE) have been developed. CACTUS is a simulation of combat operations for platoon-sized units in battalion-level engagements. Those battlefield elements that affect the planning process of the formation commander are modeled in detail. Units with SARGE commanders take goal-level instructions and SARGE then reasons about plans to achieve those goals and generates the necessary simulation-level instructions to act on the plan. >
Women Veterans' Exposure to Combat:

Using data collected in the Veterans Administration's Survey of Female Veterans, this article describes the characteristics of women veterans who were exposed to combat situations while serving in the armed forces. The definition of combat exposure ranges from "service in a war zone," such as in England during World War II, to being "shot at or being a POW." Slightly over 5 percent of the respondents met the definition. Particular attention is paid to those female veterans who served during World War II, the Korean conflict, and the Vietnam era. No attempt is made to enter the debate concerning whether women should be allowed to work in combat or near-combat (support) military occupations. Such a discussion is beyond the purpose of this paper and study from which it came.
Direction-Setting Activities in Reading Comprehension: A Comparison of Two Approaches:

Two direction-setting activities designed to increase high-school LD students' comprehension of important concepts during content area instruction were compared. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two instructional groups. The first group was taught with prereading activities based on a basal approach to teaching comprehension. The major focus of this condition was on (a) developing student interest and motivation, (b) highlighting the relevance of the passage to the students' past experience, and (c) offering a general introductory discussion. The second group received instruction using an advance organizer in the form of a text outline designed to help students process information from the text. Daily instruc- tional sessions lasted 50 minutes and continued for 9 school days. The dependent measures consisted of (a) three probe tests administered at the end of each 3-day unit and (b) a 12-item posttest. Results indicated that on both dependent measures the advance-organizer group significantly outperformed the basal group. The find- ings are discussed in terms of their implications for the development of teaching strategies for LD students.
Ultrasonic Cardiac Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation During Concomitant Cardiac Surgery: Long-Term Clinical Outcomes

Background Therapeutic ultrasound as an alternative to the maze procedure was evaluated in this large US experience. Safety and efficacy were assessed at 6-, 12-, and 18-month visits with systematic 24-hour Holter monitoring. Methods From February 2005 to February 2007, 220 patients were prospectively enrolled in a single center study, and among them 129 patients with concomitant cardiac surgery and at least 6-month follow-up were reviewed. Primary procedures were mitral surgery in 50% of the cases, coronary bypass in 32%, and aortic surgery in 16%. Atrial fibrillation was permanent in 66 (51.1%), paroxysmal in 43 (33.3%), and persistent in 20 (15.5%) patients. An epicardial and circumferential left atrial encircling line was created on the beating heart. Routinely a mitral isthmus line was also created from the left atrium epicardium using an ultrasonic handheld device. Results No morbidity or mortality was device-related. There were four (2.33%) early deaths and six late extra-cardiac deaths. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 670 days with a mean follow-up of 358.5 days, median 340 days with two patients lost to follow-up. Freedom from atrial fibrillation or left-sided flutter was 83.2%, 84.4%, and 86.2% at 6, 12, and 18 months, respectively. A pacemaker was implanted in seven patients (5.4%). Male gender and left atrial dimension were significant risk factors for failure. Conclusions The study confirms the excellent safety record of the technology, and the efficacy at the level reported in a previous European multicenter study. Efficacy is also maintained at longer (12 and 18 months) follow-up.
Identification of Anaplasma marginale Outer Membrane Protein Antigens Conserved between A. marginale Sensu Stricto Strains and the Live A. marginale subsp. centrale Vaccine

Live vaccination with Anaplasma marginale subsp. centrale (synonym for Anaplasma centrale) induces protection against severe disease upon challenge with A. marginale sensu stricto strains. Despite over a century of field use, the targets of protective immunity remained unknown. Using a broad proteomic approach, we identified the proteins in a challenge sensu stricto strain that were bound by the relevant antibody isotype induced by live vaccination with Anaplasma marginale subsp. centrale. A core of 15 proteins was identified in vaccinated animals across multiple major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes. This core separated into two structural/functional classes: "housekeeping" proteins involved in replication and metabolism and outer membrane proteins (OMPs). Orthologous proteins of both classes were identified within the vaccine strain and among sensu stricto strains. In contrast to the broad conservation among strains in the sequences of the housekeeping proteins, there was significantly greater divergence in the OMPs and greater divergence in both OMP sequences and the encoding locus structure between the vaccine strain and the sensu stricto strains than among the sensu stricto strains. The OMPs bound by live vaccine-induced antibody overlapped with OMPs that were immunogenic in animals vaccinated with inactivated vaccines and subsequently protected against bacteremia and disease. The identification of this core set of OMPs is consistent with the hypothesis that "subdominant" immunogens are required for vaccine-induced protection against A. marginale and provides clear direction for development of a safer, more effective vaccine.
Isolation and characterization of a cuticular polyester (cutin) hydrolyzing enzyme from phytopathogenic fungi

Abstract Cutinase, an extracellular enzyme which catalyzes hydrolysis of the structural component (cutin) of plant cuticle, was isolated in electrophoretically homogenous form from five phytopathogenic fungi, Fusarium roseum culmorum, F. roseum sambucinum, Ulocladium consortiale, Streptomyces scabies and Helminthosporium sativum . The molecular weights of these enzymes were about 25000. The enzymes from the Fusarium species and that from U. consortial contained two fragments which may originate by a proteolytic nick at about the middle of the parent polypeptide. Amino acid compositions of the enzyme from all of the fungi were quite similar and contained 3·5 to 6% carbohydrate. None of these enzymes cross reacted with the antibody prepared against cutinase I from F. solani pisi although the enzyme from F. roseum sambucinum was inhibited 25% by this antibody. Alkaline NaB 3 H 4 treatment and analyses of products showed that all proteins except those from S. scabies and H. sativum incorporated 5·5 to 6·5 g atoms of 3 H mol −1 of the enzyme showing that it contained O -glycosidically attached carbohydrate. Those enzymes which incorporated 3 H into the polypeptide also gave labeled carbohydrates and chromatographic identification of the reduced sugars showed that the O -glycosidically attached sugars were mannose, an unidentified neutral sugar, glucosamine and glucuronic acid. Identification of the labeled amino acids in the hydrolysates of the labeled peptides showed that the following amino acids were involved in the O -glycosidic linkages: serine, threonine and β-hydroxyphenylalanine in U. consortial ; serine and β-hydroxyphenylalanine in F. roseum culmorum ; serine in F. roseum sambucinum .
Automated Addition of Fault-Tolerance to SCR Toolset: A Case Study

Automated addition of fault-tolerance to existing programs is highly desirable, as it allows the designer to focus on the system behavior in the absence of faults and leave the fault-tolerance aspect to automated techniques that guarantee correctness by construction. Automated addition of fault-tolerance is expected to be more successful if it is done under the hood, i.e., where the designer can continue to utilize existing tools and the addition of fault-tolerance is orthogonal to the tools that they use. This will reduce the learning curve for adding fault-tolerance as well as make addition of fault-tolerance across different design tools. With this motivation, in this paper, we focus on automated addition of fault-tolerance to the SCR tools. We illustrate our approach using two case studies: an Altitude Switch Controller and an Automobile Cruise Controller.