cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract P689: Do Cyclic Patterns of Stroke Code Activation Occur in a Comprehensive Stroke Center?

Background: The effects of circadian rhythm on stroke can include increases in morning heart rate, blood pressure, catecholamines, platelet aggregation, and hypercoagulability and might correlate w...
Re-alignment within the Ummah: Signals from Pakistani and Arab Reactions to a Turkish TV Series

The popularity of the Turkish drama-series ‘Dirilis: Ertugrul’ across segments of the Muslim world is well-attested to. Less analyzed are the conflicting responses of different states and their elites to this cultural phenomenon. In this note, we argue that these irreconcilable responses suggest a significant forthcoming re-alignment of the Islamic world order. Anticipating an end to Pax Americana (i.e. peace enforced by a predominant United States), a new revisionist axis of Turkey-Iran-Pakistan-Malaysia seeks prominence vis-a-vis the Arab/Gulf states, which currently dominate and lay claim to articulating the Muslim voice. This change of praxis away from sectarian - viz. Shia-Sunni schism - considerations will have implications on the broader Middle East and deserves closer attention from Indian strategists.
What is digital labor and how does it change us? Heteromation and other stories of computing and capitalism: by Hamid Ekbia and Bonnie Nardi, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 2017, 280 pp., $35 (hardcover), ISBN 9780262036252

Heteromation is an analysis of how industries use computing and networks to harvest financial value from life. These industries create devices, interfaces, and machines to extract from the fecundit...
Factors Influencing the Performance of ABC Teams

In the previous chapter we discussed the process by which ABC teams were formed and described team characteristics. In this chapter, we probe more deeply into a key element of the team process and consider team functioning and team composition against a backdrop of extensive research on the effective use of teams in organizations.1
Trace Reconstruction Revisited

The trace reconstruction problem is to reconstruct a string x of length n given m random subsequences where each subsequence is generated by deleting each character of x independently with probability p. Two natural questions are a) how large must m be as a function of n and p such that reconstruction is possible with high probability and b) how can this reconstruction be performed efficiently. Existing work considers the case when x is chosen uniformly at random and when x is arbitrary. In this paper, we relate the complexity of both cases; improve bounds by Holenstein et al. (SODA 2008) on the sufficient value of m in both cases; and present a significantly simpler analysis for some of the results proved by Viswanathan and Swaminathan (SODA 2008), Kannan and McGregor (ISIT 2005), and Batu et al. (SODA 2004). In particular, our work implies the first sub-polynomial upper bound (when the alphabet is polylogn) and super-logarithmic lower bound on the number of traces required when x is random and p is constant.
ONR Special Award in Ocean Acoustics FY10-FY11

Abstract : The long-term goals are to understand the effects of deterministic and random ocean processes on acoustic propagation with emphasis on torpedo and sonar frequencies, to work with the younger students and Faculty where my 50 years of experience in University research can provide assistance in their research and scholarly pursuits and to work with the Director of APL and others to provide a long term view of the science and staff policies at our University. The objectives are: 1. To complete publication of my paper covering the 50 years I've spent studying ocean acoustic WPRM (Wave Propagation in Random Media), 2. To complete a paper with Frank Henyey on the "goodness of fit" testing of proposed probability distributions in WPRM, and 3. To complete a paper with Brad Bell and Frank Henyey on a technique we developed to implement a complex amplitude multi-dimensional matched filter, CAMDMF, on pulsed data returns. My approach to completing the publication of work funded by my ONR 10 year award in ocean acoustics is as follows: 1. Following a 3rd editing based on the review of some of my Colleagues, the "50 years" paper will be submitted to JASA as a Tutorial in Ocean Acoustics. 2. For both of the other research efforts it has been necessary to get the software for these projects that was written by myself or a programmer that worked for me up and running on my computer in order to complete some desired computations before the papers can be completed. In this work I will be collaborating with Brad Bell and Frank Henyey of APL.
Somatic mutant alleles of POLE found in human cancers suppress proofreading and replication fidelity in vitro (LB121)

While it is now appreciated that tumor cells contain thousands of mutations, identifying their source(s) has remained problematic. Whole genome sequencing from colorectal and endometrial cancers recently identified mutations in DNA polymerase (Pol) epsilon, one of three main eukaryotic nuclear replication Pols. These mutations largely reside in the exonuclease domain, are associated with a hypermutated phenotype, and are predicted to promote tumorigenesis. However, the effects of these somatic mutations on enzyme function have not yet been studied. To address this, we introduced several of these mutations in recombinant human Pol e and measured their effects on replication fidelity in vitro. While the mutants retained wild type DNA synthesis activity, 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading was suppressed. Surprisingly, this suppression was variable, ranging from ~2-fold to almost complete ablation, and resulted in increases in frameshifts and base pair substitutions in an in vitro forward mutation assay. Mutants ...
Are We Becoming a Two-Class Society Based on Neonatal Circumcision?

In Reply.— Dr Neiberger9s concern that circumcision status will divide the men of this nation into two classes seems somewhat exaggerated. The AAP Task Force was concerned with the medical risks and benefits of routine neonatal circumcision and came out recently with a rather balanced and nondirective report on the subject. In any event, it is difficult for me to understand how social engineering would be accomplished on the basis of circumcision status. Patterns of dress, use of language, and [alas] religion and race have long been used to define and separate people in many societies.
Further Modification of Pressure-Calcimeter Method for Soil Inorganic Carbon Analysis

Inorganic carbon (IC) in soil is important when considering carbon (C) fluxes and processes in the environment that involve C. Here data are presented for measurement of IC in soils using the pressure-calcimeter method of Sherrod et al. (2002) with modifications to decrease analysis time while preserving method accuracy. Inorganic C measured using a syringe to inject acid vs. the vial delivery method of the original method were not significantly different at the 95 percent confidence level when using 100-ml bottles for the analysis (R2 = 0.9946). When using 20-ml bottles, bias was introduced in the measurement when using a syringe for acid delivery, likely due to small losses of pressure from the bottle during acid delivery. There was no significant difference at the 95 percent confidence level in IC measured on unsieved finely ground and coarsely ground soil. When quantifying IC in soils using the modified pressure calcimeter method with a 100-ml bottle, a syringe can be used to inject acid into the capp...
The Interaction of Vocal Context and Lexical Predictability

The study tested the hypothesis that there is a positive relation between increasing vocal and written context and the predictability of words deleted from texts of spontaneous speech. 5 steps of increasing context were distributed among 8 treatment groups. The first 4 steps ranged from deleted typed context alone to deleted typed context plus typed and recorded versions of additional undeleted context. The fifth step was a recorded version (appropriately deleted) of the deleted typed context that was added, in 4 of the treatment groups, to each of the first four steps. Analysis of variance yielded an F of 6.347 for the effects of the first 4 steps, and an F of 30.864 for the effect of the maximum, or deleted recorded context. The results suggest that vocal context does facilitate predictability when immediately pertinent to the predictive context or in combination with additional lexical context.
Alliance Healthcare Network: Using A Balanced Scorecard to Motivate Change

This case considers the use of a balanced scorecard in motivating change to an organizational culture in a hospital information technology (IT) setting. The company presented owns a number of hospitals and uses a consolidated IT system with a comprehensive electronic health record. As new hospitals are acquired, the organizational culture must be assimilated with that of the parent company. Students are encouraged to discuss the difficulties of change in an organization and to think about how performance measures can be used to assist in change. Objectives of the case are 1) to integrate performance measures and strategy into a motivational framework, 2) to provide a situation for understanding cost-benefit tradeoffs of a consolidated IT, 3) to foster an understanding of incentives and motivation for different types of individuals, and 4) to expose students to some current issues in healthcare management.
The Humble Origins of Russell's Paradox

ON SEVERAL OCCASIONS Russell pointed out that the discovery of his celebrated paradox concerning the class of all classes not belonging to themselves was intimately related to Cantor's proof that there is no greatest cardinal. lOne of the earliest remarks to that effect occurs in The Principles ofMathematics where, referring to the universal class, the class of all classes and the class of all propositions, he notes that
Effect of Diet on Amino and Nucleic Acids of Rumen Bacteria and Protozoa

Abstract Amino acid composition and nucleic acid content of pure cultures of rumen bacteria (17 species) were analyzed. Amino acid composition between gram-positive and -negative organisms was not different. The total nitrogen content of gram-negative bacteria (10.8%) was significantly higher than gram-positive organisms (9.9%). Deoxyribonucleic acid-nitrogen:total nitrogen (mg/g) differed between gram-positive (8.8) and gram-negative (18.9) bacteria, but there was no significant difference in ratio of ribonucleic acid-nitrogen to total nitrogen. In a second experiment six rumen-fistulated cattle were fed either a high roughage (85% alfalfa hay plus 15% concentrate) or high concentrate diet (15% alfalfa hay and 85% concentrate). Cattle were adapted 14 days and rumen contents sampled on 3 consecutive days. Nitrogen content was higher in protozoa from cattle fed low concentrate (8.4%) than in protozoa from cattle fed high concentrate (7.9%) but was similar in bacteria for both diets. Deoxyribonucleic acid nitrogen:total nitrogen (mg/g in bacteria decreased from 27.2 in cattle fed the low concentrate diet to 20.9 in those fed the high concentrate diet. Differences between sampling days were significant for both bacteria and protozoa for ratio of deoxyribonucleic acid-nitrogen to total nitrogen but were significant only in protozoa for ratio of ribonucleic acid nitrogen to total nitrogen. Ribonucleic acid may serve as a marker for estimating microbial production in the rumen if sources of variation are recognized and corrected adequately.
Estradiol Sensitization of Cultured Human Fetal Pituitary Cells to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone*

In adult women, estradiol (E2) sensitizes the pituitary to GnRH. To assess whether this effect develops during intrauterine life, dispersed pituitary cells from second trimester male and female fetuses were cultured on extracellular matrixcoated plates. E2 (10−8 mol/L) exposure for 72 h resulted in a significant increase in LH release when cells were stimulated with GnRH and caused a significant shift to the left of the doseresponse curve for GnRH-stimulated LH release [relative potency ratio, 0.33 ± 0.05 (±SE)]. E2-enhanced LH release was not associated with an increase in cell number, total LH content, or percentage of LH-containing cells (immunocytochemistry). The EC50 of GnRH-stimulated LH release and the degree of E2 sensitization were not sex dependent, although female fetal pituitary cells in the absence of E2 had significantly greater LH content and released more LH under basal and GnRH-stimulated conditions than cells from male fetuses. Therefore, E2 sensitization of second trimester human fetal ...
The origin of the shift in the CO vibration of chemisorbed CO: Cluster model studies for CO / Cu(100)

Abstract Two major contributions to the shift of the CO stretch vibrational frequency between free CO and chemisorbed CO/Cu(100) are identified. The overlap and consequent repulsion between the CO and metal orbitals leads to an increase in the frequency. The metal charge donation and dative bonding to CO 2π* leads to a decrease.
Idealists, Scoundrels, and the Lady: An Insider's View of the Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Project

The campaign to restore the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island was the first major effort to solicit private money for the rehabilitation of a government site. This book chronicles that campaign, from its inception through the selection - and later firing - of Lee Iacocca as chairman, the fundraising effort that ultimately exceeded its goal by $100 million, and the final celebration in 1986 that involved four days of unprecedented hoopla. Ross Holland focuses on the feasibility of public-private cooperation, tracing the project's history as only an insider could. He recalls the roles of career bureaucrats and the Reagan administration, examines the restoration of the Statue of Liberty, Liberty Island, and the old immigration station at Ellis Island, and documents the poor judgments that led to huge cost increases at all three sites.
A low-temperature electrolyte for lithium and lithium-ion batteries

Abstract An electrolyte consisting of 1 M solution of lithium hexafluorophosphate in 1:1:1 ethylene carbonate(EC)–dimethyl carbonate(DMC)–ethyl methyl carbonate(EMC) is proposed for low temperature applications of lithium and lithium-ion cells. The new electrolyte has good conductivity and electrochemical stability. Lithium and lithium-ion cells using the new electrolyte were found to be operable at temperatures down to −40°C. The paper also reports on the electrochemical stability of aluminum metal, which is used as a substrate for the positive electrodes in lithium-ion cells, in the new electrolyte.
Quantity discount with freight consolidation

Abstract We study an integrated quantity discount and vehicle routing problem where truck utilization is increased by building multi-stop routes and increasing order sizes through a purchase incentive. We model the problem and prove it to be NP-hard. Our experiments show that commercial solvers do not effectively solve instances with more than ten buyers. We propose the use of non-compromising route elimination rules and other improvement techniques for a route-based formulation. Our experimentation suggests that a cost savings of 18% can be realized by utilizing our model.
A Geometric Algebra approach to decomposition of apparent power in general polyphase networks

In this paper we demonstrate that Geometric Algebra provides a natural conceptual framework for the construction of physically meaningful orthogonal decompositions of apparent power. We use the tools of geometric algebra to introduce an apparent power multivector that consists of four distinct grades: a scalar, a bivector, a pseudo-bivector, and a pseudo-scalar. These four components represent the (weighted) average and variance of certain equivalent conductance and susceptance parameter sets.
Why Political Science Needs Political Theory

Normative political theory and empirical social science have a reciprocal relationship. This thesis is illustrated by taking up two topics: one is social exclusion; the other is ethnicity and discrimination.
TEFFECT OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE ON THE APPETITE, BODY WEIGHT AND COMPOSITION OF THE NORMAL RAT1

Testosterone propionate decreases the body weight of normal adult rats Sprague-Dawley) in proportion to the dose administered (0.25–2.5 mg./day). The loss in body weight is due primarily to a loss of fat from the subcutaneous and abdominal areas with a concomitant calorically equivalent decrease in appetite. The protein content of the skin also is markedly decreased and a slight decrease is produced in the liver and carcass. The seminal vesicles and prostates and kidneys are increased in protein and fat but the net change for the animal is a slight decrease in total protein synthesis. Testosterone propionate decreases the rate of growth of young growing adult rats but not sufficiently to decrease the body weight. Cessation of androgen administration in both young and old normal rats results in an increase in appetite with a rapid restoration of body weight.
Alumina-supported tetraosmium cluster anions: Precursors of catalysts for isomerization of but-1-ene

Supported osmium clusters were prepared by the reaction of [H4Os4(CO)12] with the surface of γ-Al2O3 in refluxing n-octane. The surface-bound organometallic was identified as [H3Os4(CO)12]− by its infrared spectrum; this anion could be extracted from the surface as the tetraphenylarsonium salt. The solid was catalytically active for isomerization of but-1-ene at 90 °C and 1 atm; the only organometallic on the catalyst surface observed by infrared spectroscopy was [H3Os4(CO)12]−, which is identified as the catalyst precursor. At higher temperatures, the clusters broke up and were oxidized by -OH groups on the surface to give Os(II)(CO)x (x = 2 or 3); these surface-bound complexes had a lower catalytic activity than the clusters.
6-sulfanilamidoindazole induced arthritis and periarthritis in rats. A new model of experimental inflammation.

Several oral or subcutaneous administrations of 6-sulfanilamidoindazole (6-SAI) to adult rats regularly induced acute, self-limiting arthritis and periarthritis confined primarily to the hind paws. The incidence of arthritis in orally medicated rats was related, in part, to the body weight of the animals at time of the initial feeding. Histologically, the lesions were nonsuppurative and proliferative. Lymphocytes were present in all stages of inflammation preceding the appearance of fibroblasts which were the most consistent and striking cellular components. Inflammation was not associated with anemia, elevation of serum uric acid and blood urea nitrogen concentrations, or alterations in sedimentation rates and total and differential WBC counts. Evidence is presented which suggests that the phlogistic effects of 6-SAI are independent of crystal formation in the periarticular tissues, provocation of latent mycoplasma infections, kinin formation through activation of the Hageman factor, immediate and delayed type hypersensitivity reactions, and induction of an anaphylactoid-like reaction.
Novel Translation Products from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239 Env-Encoding mRNA Contain both Rev and Cryptic T-Cell Epitopes

Understanding the correlates of immune protection against human immunodeficiency virus and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) will require defining the entire cellular immune response against the viruses. Here, we define two novel translation products from the SIV env mRNA that are targeted by the T-cell response in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. The shorter product is a subset of the larger product, which contains both the first exon of the Rev protein and a translated portion of the rev intron. Our data suggest that the translation of viral alternate reading frames may be an important source of T-cell epitopes, including epitopes normally derived from functional proteins.
Differential labeling of converging afferent pathways using biotinylated dextran amine and cholera toxin subunit B

We report a new technique for 2-tracer anterograde labeling that permits unequivocal identification of the differentially labeled projections in the same section. One pathway is labeled with biotinylated dextran amine and is visualized as a black to dark gray diaminobenzidine (DAB)-cobalt precipitate by an avidin-biotinylated peroxidase reaction. The other pathway is labeled with cholera toxin subunit B and is visualized as a reddish-brown reaction product using DAB without cobalt as the substrate for peroxidase immunohistochemistry. To maintain serial order, sections can be processed mounted on slides without any loss of sensitivity for either tracer.
Latent period and antigenicity of murine tumors induced in C3H mice by short-wavelength ultraviolet radiation

Skin tumors were induced in C3H/HeNCr1BR mice with chronic short-wavelength ultraviolet (UVC) irradiation using a germicidal lamp (254 nm). Fifty percent of mice had developed tumors by 9 1/2 months (range 8–12 months). With progressive irradiation, mice developed multiple tumors on the back reaching a mean of 2.9 tumors/mouse at 11 1/2 months. No tumors developed on the ears. Of 83 lesions examined histologically 66 (80%) were squamous cell carcinomas, 6 (7%) were fibrosarcomas, and 10(12%) were proliferative squamous lesions without evident invasion. Twenty-two squamous cell carcinomas were transplanted s.c. into normal syngeneic mice and into mice immunosuppressed by adult thymectomy, lethal x-irradiation, and bone marrow or neonatal liver reconstitution. Transplantation of squamous cell carcinomas was successful in a total of 17/22 (77%) cases. Only 11/22 (50%) tumors grew progressively in normal mice. Six of 22 (27%) tumors grew progressively in immunosuppressed mice but not normal syngeneic recipients. Three fibrosarcomas were also transplanted. All 3 grew progressively in immunosuppressed hosts but failed to grow in normal syngeneic recipients. Two fibrosarcomas that were induced by a germicidal lamp were found to grow significantly better in UVB-irradiated (280–320 nm) mice than in normal mice. Conversely, a UVB-induced fibrosarcoma showed enhanced growth in UVC-irradiated mice compared to growth in normal, age-matched controls.
Whewell's Philosophy of Discovery and the Archetype of the Vertebrate Skeleton: The Role of German Philosophy of Science in Richard Owen's Biology

This paper examines the origin and philosophical significance of Richard Owen's (1804-92) theory of the archetypal vertebrate in relation to the important methodological developments of German-inspired anti-empiricist methodologies in England in the 1814-45 period, particularly as articulated by Samuel Taylor Coleridge and his close disciple, the surgeon Joseph Henry Green (1791-1863), and in a parallel form by William Whewell. Positioned in intimate contact with both Green and Whewell in the crucial 1840s period, Owen was able to develop his theory of the archetype in direct contact with these methodological insights. This warrants the recognition of determinative intellectual and conceptual issues in the formulation of this theory in addition to the social constructivist factors suggested by Nicolaas Rupke and Adrian Desmond. The general conclusion of the paper suggests that both kinds of factor are needed to understand Owen's important theoretical development.
Series representation of the solution of the integral equation for emissivity of cavities

The integral equation for emissivity inside a uniform gray, isothermal, lambertian cavity is often solved by the method of successive approximations. If the resulting series is written explicitly, it is shown that the bound ρN+1 can be obtained on the error remaining after N iterations, where ρ is the reflectivity. It is shown that many values of the apparent emissivity of the cavity can be obtained easily by using the series; this is important if the gray assumption is relaxed.
Determination of barbiturates by automatic differential spectrophotometry

Abstract An investigation was carried out on the determination of barbiturates in the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum using the differential characteristics of an automatic recording spectrophometer. Recovery studies were carried out on absolute quantities of various barbiturates prior to subjecting them to chemical manipulation as well as to a group of randomly selected bloods which were shown to be barbituratefree. Representative differential spectra of a series of barbiturates are described. The differential procedure was also adapted to micro analysis.
Prohibition and alcohol control in the USSR: The 1920s campaign against illegal spirits

(1986). Prohibition and alcohol control in the USSR: The 1920s campaign against illegal spirits. Soviet Studies: Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 349-368.
Are Octogenarians at High Risk for Carotid Endarterectomy

Background Several prospective randomized trials have proved carotid endarterectomy to be safe and effective for both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients younger than 80 years of age. Recently, carotid artery stenting (CAS) has been approved for use in selected high-risk patients. It has been proposed that being an octogenarian places patients in this high-risk category. Study Design All patients between the ages of 80 to 89 years undergoing carotid endarterectomy during a 12-year period were included in the study. Information included indications for carotid endarterectomy, associated risk factors, length of stay, and hospital course. Perioperative morbidity and mortality, including neurologic events and myocardial infarction, were recorded. Results A total of 103 carotid endarterectomies were performed in 95 octogenarians. Procedures were performed on 59 men and 36 women. Indications for operation included symptomatic carotid stenosis in 44 patients (43%) and asymptomatic carotid stenosis in 59 (57%). Associated risk factors included diabetes mellitus (17%), hypertension (76%), coronary artery disease (28%), hyperlipidemia (39%), and history of smoking (42%). There were 4 perioperative neurologic complications, which included 1 transient ischemic attack (0.97%), 2 minor strokes (1.94%), and 1 major stroke (0.97%). There were no deaths. Conclusions Combined end points for adverse events are acceptable in the octogenarian. Carotid endarterectomy remains the gold standard for treatment of extracranial carotid disease in all age groups. Age alone should not place patients in the high-risk category for carotid endarterectomy.
Medicaid: from Conceptualization to Action

Some of the basic elements affecting the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of health programs for the urban poor are developed. The Medicaid program is examined as an example of recent Federal efforts to upgrade the health status of indigent population of the United States. The rapidly rising costs of medical care and the unexpectedly high costs of Medicaid serve to reemphasize the need to carefully evaluate the merits and effectiveness of the Medicaid approach. Variations in state Medicaid plans, nonfiscal problems in coordination and administration, and the inadequacy of available data contribute to lack of effective and continuous program evaluation efforts. With this in mind, requirements for development of an effective management information system for Medicaid are spelled out. Specific examples of the kinds of information needed are given, and some steps taken recently by the federal government to attempt to meet identified needs are highlighted. The role of a management information system for Medicaid is seen in context as a component of a management approach to health programming.
Synthesis, NMR spectroscopy, and conformational analysis of α-dimethylsilyl esters

Abstract The conformational properties of α-dimethylsilyl esters, synthesized in excellent yields by reaction of ester enolates with chlorodimethylsilane (DMSCl), have been explored by both molecular mechanics calculations and a variety of 1H- and 29Si-NMR spectroscopic experiments.
Development and regulation of osteophyte formation during experimental osteoarthritis.

Abstract Objectives Osteophytes represent areas of new cartilage and bone formation in human and experimentally induced osteoarthritis (OA). The present study addressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the occurrence of apoptosis during osteophyte formation. Design Osteophytes in the knee joint of rabbits that developed OA-like lesions following anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) were analysed by histology and immunohistochemistry for NO production, and the presence of VEGF. TUNEL was used to detect DNA fragmentation. Results At the joint margins in the interface between cortical bone marrow and periosteal lining growth plate-like formations were detectable as early as 4 weeks after ACLT. By 12 weeks after ACLT osteophytes were visible in 100% of femoral condyles and tibial plateaus. Discrete areas with proliferating chondrocytes, hypertrophic chondrocytes, calcified matrix and vascular invasion were observed. VEGF immunoreactivity was most prominent in hypertrophic chondrocytes 9 weeks after ACLT. Nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity was detected in endothelial cells and in some hypertrophic chondrocytes in the calcified zone 4 weeks after ACLT. After 8 and 12 weeks, positive cells were detected in the hypertrophic and calcified zone. TUNEL-positive cells were seen in blood vessels, and among hypertrophic chondrocytes adjacent to the blood vessels 4 weeks after ACLT. The proliferative zone, pre-hypertrophic zone and hypertrophic zone showed only a few TUNEL positive cells. In contrast, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after ACLT, most hypertrophic chondrocytes, but few proliferative chondrocytes showed DNA fragmentation. Conclusions Hypertrophic chondrocytes in osteophytes express VEGF and this can promote vascular invasion of cartilage. The presence of TUNEL-positive cells shows a similar distribution as nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity during all phases of osteophyte development, suggesting that NO production and chondrocyte death are related events in osteophyte formation.
The Conservation of Nature Under the T'Ang Dynasty

The study of the history of man's knowledge of plants and animals is all the more necessary in that it has been neglected in favor of the study of the development of tools. For instance, as Lewis Mumford has pointed out 1 ), knowledge of the modes of reproduction and growth of plants was more necessary to the development of agriculture in Neolithic times than was the invention of such tools as the spade, the hoe, and the plow, around which most conventional notions of "technological history" revolve. In presenting a paper, then, on attitudes towards the preservation of living things and their habitat in medieval China, I hope to redress the balance of interest, if only slightly, in favor of man's direct involvement with the natural world, and away from study of artifacts preserved in museums. It is, of course, necessary to do this through the study of documents. This paper is divided into two parts. In the first I will discuss some cultural factors which seem to have influenced policy relating to the conservation of nature, and in the second I will discuss some of the particular measures undertaken to make policy effective.
XML Processing and Data Integration with XQuery

Most Web applications exchange data as XML, but they create and process this data with languages that don't have native support for XML. With appropriate middleware, XQuery can dramatically simplify this process, treating all data sources as though they were XML. This article shows how to use XQuery for native XML processing and data integration, briefly explores other technologies used in the same space, and discusses some XQuery extensions for scripting and updates that are under way.
A Monte Carlo study of neutron thermalization

Abstract The slowing down of neutrons from fission to absorption energies in a homogeneous medium has been treated by a Monte Carlo method. Thermalization by elastic collisions in both light and heavy water was computed on an IBM 650. One-sixth the mean-square distance travelled by the neutrons was interpreted as the migration area. This quantity was analysed to give the age, τ, both above and below the indium resonance, and the thermal diffusion constant, D , as functions of the moderator temperature, the effective moderator mass, the moderator composition, the scattering and absorption laws, and the energy distribution of the neutron source. The migration area from the fission energy source to below the indium resonance energy (1·46 eV) was found to be 26·3 cm 2 for H 2 O and 115 cm 2 for D 2 O. By varying the absorption cross-section, the migration area from the indium resonance energy to absorption of the neutrons could be decomposed into components D / gS a and τ s . D and τ s were found to be 0·19 cm and 0·77 cm 2 respectively for H 2 O, and 0·87 cm and 20 cm 2 for D 2 O. D was found to increase with the thermal agitation of the moderator at the rate of 0·13 per cent/°C for H 2 O and 0·14 per cent/°C for D 2 O. Neutron energy distributions found from the scattering frequency agree with those derived by analytical methods.
Pancytopenia secondary to methotrexate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective. To assess the frequency of methotrexate (MTX)-induced pancytopenia in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. A MEDLINE literature search was conducted to identify articles published during the last 15 years (1980–1995) that presented data on MTX-associated pancytopenia. Two case reports of our own experience are also presented. In addition, articles that examined risk factors associated with MTX-related pancytopenia were identified. Results. A total of 70 patients with pancytopenia related to MTX therapy were identified (68 reported in the literature, 2 from our own experience). Sixty-one of the patients were described in published case reports, 7 patients were from 5 long-term prospective studies. In many of these cases, predisposing factors for the development of pancytopenia were described. The 5 long-term prospective studies reported toxicity data on patients who had been treated with MTX for at least 13 weeks. A total of 511 patients were included in the prospective trials, yielding an overall incidence of pancytopenia of 1.4% (7 of 511). Of the 70 cases reported, 12 patients died (17%). Most of them had impaired renal function, hypoalbuminemia, concurrent infection, and/or concomitant medication with more than 5 drugs. The minimal cumulative MTX dose leading to fatal pancytopenia was 10 mg, observed in one of our patients. Conclusion. Pancytopenia is not an uncommon side effect of low-dose pulse MTX therapy in RA. It can lead to serious complications, including death.
Description of the SERT II spacecraft and mission

SERT 2 for testing ion thrustor reliability and operational characteristics, discussing design and mission objectives
Patients with chronic hepatitis—potential risks when undergoing dental surgery: Review and case report

This is a case report of a 17-year-old male patient with chronic autoimmune active hepatitis (CAAH) who was referred to our clinic for dental treatment prior to his undergoing liver transplant surgery. Coagulation problems and the implications of long-term corticosteroid usage in patients with chronic hepatitis are presented. Differences in the etiology, histology, clinical features, laboratory findings, treatment, and prognosis are reviewed for the three separate but related forms of chronic hepatitis--persistent, lobular, and active hepatitis.
Development of low dislocation and strain reduced GaN on Si(111) by substrate engineering

It is of great technological importance to develop high quality III-Nitride layers and optoelectronic devices on Si substrates due to its low cost and wide availability as well as use of the highly matured Si microtechnology. Here we report on a novel scheme of substrate engineering to obtain high quality GaN layers on Si substrates. An ion implanted defective layer is formed in the substrate that partially isolates the III-Nitride layer from Si substrate and helps to reduce the strain in the film. The experimental results show substantial decrease in crack density, indicative of high interfacial tensile strain, with an average increase in the crack separation of 190 μm with crack free regions of 0.18 mm 2 for a 2 μm thick GaN film. The optical quality and strain reduction in GaN film show strong dependence on the implantation conditions and the thickness of buffer layer. Moreover the GaN film grown on implanted AlN/Si substrate has better optical properties as compared to non implanted AlN/Si. In this paper we will show how the above mentioned scheme can resolve the issues related to cracks and dislocation density in the film that are detrimental to GaN based optoelectronic devices.
Power control for wideband cellular wireless systems with link adaptation

Power control is an important radio resource management technique to enhance the spectral and power efficiency of wireless systems. However, most power control schemes proposed in the literature consider only narrowband cases, where users are accommodated by a single channel. Next-generation wireless systems aim to provide the mobile users multimedia applications and services, which often have heterogeneous QoS specifications, and demand more bandwidth than voice. In this paper, we explore the power control issue for wideband cellular wireless systems with link adaptation. Each user arriving to the system is associated with a specific minimum rate requirement. By evaluating the availability of the channels, we decide which channels and what SIR target (or equivalently what bit rate) for each chosen channel to use for this user. The objective is to save power and avoid too many channels being occupied by a user while the minimum rate requirement is satisfied. Since this problem is a nonlinear integer program problem with large search space, we propose a heuristic scheme to solve it online. With the SIR target being determined, each channel can independently adjust the power level using any distributed power control algorithm to achieve the target.
Phosphorylation of glucose analog 3-0-methyl-D-glucose by rat heart

Abstract When isolated rat hearts were perfused with medium containing 3-0-methyl-D-glucose (3MG) a compound with the chromatographic behavior expected for 3MG-6-phosphate was formed. This assignment is supported by the action of alkaline phosphatase and by production of an identical peak on incubation of 3MG with yeast hexokinase in a buffer containing adenosine triphosphate and Mg ++ ions. The clearance of labeled 3MG from isolated perfused rat hearts was biphasic and eventually total. Since sugar phosphates do not cross cellular membranes, this behavior is consistent with both formation and dephosphorylation of 3MG-6-phosphate, with dephosphorylation rate-limiting the slow phase of the clearance. Phosphatase activity was also indicated by a decrease in 3MG-6-phosphate when hearts were not chilled and homogenized immediately after perfusion. The common assumption that 3MG is not metabolized after transport into cells is shown by these experiments to be erroneous.
Identifying dominant modifiers of mutant FUS toxicity in vivo

FUS is a DNA/RNA binding protein found to be mutated in some cases of both sporadic and familial forms of ALS. It is still not clear how ALS-causing mutations in FUS leads to motor neuron degeneration. Here, we exploited a Drosophila model and mammalian neuronal cell lines to elucidate the role of the RNA-binding ability of FUS in regulating FUS-mediated toxicity. To determine the role of the RNA binding ability of FUS in ALS, we mutated FUS RNA binding sites (F305, F341, F359, F368) to leucines and generated RNA binding-incompetent mutants (4F-L) with and without ALS causing mutations R518K or R521C. We found that mutating 4F to L residues makes FUS RNA binding-incompetent. We observed that ectopic expression of RNA binding-incompetent FUS in fly brain, eyes and motor neurons strongly blocks neurodegenerative phenotypes as compared to RNA-binding-competent FUS carrying ALS causing mutations. Interestingly, RNA-binding deficient FUS strongly localized to the nucleus of Drosophila motor neurons and mammalian neuronal cells whereas FUS carrying ALS linked mutations was distributed to the nucleus and cytoplasm. Importantly, we found that incorporation of mutant FUS into stress granules is dependent on the RNA-binding ability of FUS. SGs are dynamic aggregates composed of proteins and RNA that are formed when cells are under a variety of stresses. We observed that normally cytoplasmic SGs rapidly disassemble when stress conditions end, whereas cytoplasmic SGs formed in ALS patient cells having a FUS mutation fail to disassemble. This suggests that mutant FUS sequesters proteins and RNAs important for cellular homeostasis and the defect in disassembly of cytoplasmic SGs contributes to ALS. Finally, following up these observations we performed an in vivo unbiased genetic screen that led to the discovery of several dominant modifiers of mutant FUS toxicity including proteins involved in regulating SG dynamics, mitochondrial functions and RNA splicing. These genetic modifiers would help in identifying potential therapeutic targets for ALS.
Bacteremia Due to Non-typhi Salmonella: Analysis of 64 Cases and Review

Within a 5-year period, 64 patients were hospitalized at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital of Keelung (Taiwan) with bacteremia due to non-typhi Salmonella. Fifteen were 18 years of age. An analysis of these patients revealed several significant differences between pediatric and adult patients. For instance, 87.5% of the adults but none of the children were debilitated because of severe underlying disease. Mortality was high (40.6%) among adults, but no deaths were observed among the children. Diarrhea occurred significantly more frequently among children (68.7%) than among adults (15.6%), while the contrary was observed in regard to chills, which occurred in 31% of adults and none of the children. It is concluded that bacteremia due to non-typhi Salmonella presents with different clinical features in adults than it does in children; furthermore, in adults the disease can be considered life-threatening, but in children it is associated with a favorable prognosis.
Factors influencing the quality of life in dual-career families

Five work-related objective and attitudinal factors and five non-work-related individual difference and family dynamics variables considered pertinent to the dual-career family setting, were examined for their impact on the quality of life enjoyed by husbands and wives in dual-career families. For the purpose of this study, a dual-career family was defined as one where both spouses had full-time jobs outside of their home. The responses of 127 dual-career family spouses employed in five business organizations, a hospital and a university were analysed. Results indicated that: (1) the set of five non-work variables—multiple role stresses, enabling processes, integration of family and work roles, self-esteem, and hired help utilized—were good predictors of life satisfaction; (2) the work-relevant variables—career salience, job involvement, self-esteem from the job, discretionary time spent on job-related activities, and income were significant but not crucial predictors of job satisfaction; (3) the interactions between work-relevant variables and gender moderated the impact of the work variables on job satisfaction; (4) the correlation between life and job satisfaction was significant, but modest; and (5) there was a significant difference between the life satisfaction of husbands and wives in dual-career families.
Freeway incident detection based upon pattern classification

The detection of accidents and other capacity reducing incidents, e.g., occurrences of disabled vehicles in traveled lanes, on urban freeways is an important aspect of freeway traffic management. This function has been automated in several existing freeway surveillance and control systems in the form of incident detection algorithms. Multiple feature incident detection algorithms use two or more functions of traffic data and associated thresholds to signal the occurrence of incidents. These algorithms are constructed to distinguish patterns of traffic conditions distinctive of incidents. In this paper, a general approach to the calibration and evaluation of multiple-feature algorithms which are structured as decision trees is described. This methodology is applied to the California algorithm.
Descending Variance Graphs for Segmenting Neurological Structures

We present a novel and relatively simple method for clustering pixels into homogeneous patches using a directed graph of edges between neighboring pixels. For a 2D image, the mean and variance of image intensity is computed within a circular region centered at each pixel. Each pixel stores its circle's mean and variance, and forms the node in a graph, with possible edges to its 4 immediate neighbors. If at least one of those neighbors has a lower variance than itself, a directed edge is formed, pointing to the neighbor with the lowest variance. Local minima in variance thus form the roots of disjoint trees, representing patches of relative homogeneity. The method works in n-dimensions and requires only a single parameter: the radius of the circular (spherical, or hyper spherical) regions used to compute variance around each pixel. Setting the intensity of all pixels within a given patch to the mean at its root pixel significantly reduces image noise while preserving anatomical structure, including location of boundaries. The patches may themselves be clustered using techniques that would be computationally too expensive if applied to the raw pixels. We demonstrate such clustering to identify fascicles in the median nerve in high-resolution 2D ultrasound images, as well as white matter hyper intensities in 3D magnetic resonance images.
Calculation of the pKa values for the ligands and side chains of Escherichia coli D-alanine:D-alanine ligase.

Poisson−Boltzmann electrostatics methods have been used to calculate the pKa shifts for the ligands and titratable side chains of d-alanine:d-alanine ligase of the ddlb gene of Escherichia coli (DdlB). The focus of this study is to determine the ionization state of the second d-alanine (d-Ala2) in the active site of DdlB. The pKa of the amine is shifted over 5 pKa units more alkaline in the protein, clearly implying that d-Ala2 is bound to DdlB in its zwitterionic state and not in the free-base form as had been previously suggested. Comparisons are made to the depsipeptide ligase from the vancomycin-resistance cascade, VanA. It is suggested that VanA has different enzymatic properties due to a change in binding specificity rather than altered catalytic behavior and that the specificity of binding d-lactate over d-Ala2 may arise from the difference in ionization characteristics of the ligands.