cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Far-end crosstalk cancellation using via stub for DDR4 memory channel

This paper presents a new methodology to cancel the far-end crosstalk in DDR4 memory channel. By utilizing the long via stub, the far end crosstalk is greatly reduced without increasing the routing area. To further demonstrate the crosstalk cancellation impacts on the memory channel margin, DDR4 DQ topology was simulated at the speed of 2133MT/s, 2400MT/s, and 2677MT/s, respectively. From the DDR4 channel simulation, we successfully demonstrated that the eye height and width at the data rates of 2677MT/s were improved by the amount of 30.03% and 22.84%, respectively, after adding the via stubs. The simulation also confirmed that the via stub does not affect the eye diagram at all when there is no any aggressor. It also demonstrates that, as the via-to-via spacing is decreased from 40mil to 25mil, the eye height and width at 2667MT/s are increased 11.12% and 10.82%, respectively. 12 layer test board is also implemented and the good correlation is achieved under 10GHz.
Parkinson Disease-Associated Protein α-Synuclein Blocks VDAC Providing New Insights into Mitochondrial Toxicity

Dysfunction of mitochondrial enzyme complexes, production of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) permeabilization, enhanced apoptosis, and structural alterations of mitochondria are believed to be crucial for the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Direct participation of small, intrinsically disordered neuronal protein α-synuclein (α-syn) in the pathogenesis of PD has been well documented. However, the mechanisms of α-syn toxicity remain elusive. Here, we studied interaction of α-syn with the major channel of MOM, voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), reconstituted into planar lipid membranes. We found that at nanomolar concentrations α-syn reversibly blocks VDAC in a voltage-dependent manner. Negative potentials applied from the side of α-syn addition promote the reaction, thus implicating its acidic C-terminus in the channel blockage. α-syn induces two well-defined blocked states: the first state is ∼ 60% and the second, deeper blocked state is ∼ 17% of the open state conductance. The probability of the second blocked state dramatically increases with the voltage. We found that selectivity of the α-syn-blocked states is less anionic than that of the open state. Kinetic analysis of α-syn-induced blockage events showed that the on-rate strongly increases with the applied voltage. The blocked time distributions are described by single exponents for both blocked states, with their average values displaying biphasic voltage dependence thus suggesting that α-syn is able to translocate through VDAC. This could explain the previously reported interaction of α-syn with mitochondrial complex-I. Even more importantly, because VDAC is a major conduit for the fluxes of ATP, ADP, and other respiratory substrates across MOM, we hypothesize that this newly demonstrated regulation of VDAC by α-syn blockage could constitute a new mechanism of mitochondrial involvement in PD pathology and perhaps also in general neurodegenerative pathogenesis.
Modeling photon propagation in anisotropically scattering media with the equation of radiative transfer

The equation of radiative transfer can take into account the anisotropic scattering behavior of photons and anisotropic sources for modeling the light propagation in tissue. This is an important aspect when small tissue geometries are considered. In this case the solutions of the commonly applied diffusion approximation may provide only insufficiently accurate results. We numerically solve the equation of radiative transfer by means of a finite-difference discrete-ordinates technique. However, strong anisotropically scattering media require many discrete ordinates, which lead to a large computational burden. In this study we implemented a Delta-Eddington method that allows using only a small number of discrete ordinates, and the solution can be obtained at a lesser computational costs.
Context-sensitive semantic smoothing for the language modeling approach to genomic IR

Semantic smoothing, which incorporates synonym and sense information into the language models, is effective and potentially significant to improve retrieval performance. The implemented semantic smoothing models, such as the translation model which statistically maps document terms to query terms, and a number of works that have followed have shown good experimental results. However, these models are unable to incorporate contextual information. Thus, the resulting translation might be mixed and fairly general. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel context-sensitive semantic smoothing method that decomposes a document or a query into a set of weighted context-sensitive topic signatures and then translate those topic signatures into query terms. In detail, we solve this problem through (1) choosing concept pairs as topic signatures and adopting an ontology-based approach to extract concept pairs; (2) estimating the translation model for each topic signature using the EM algorithm; and (3) expanding document and query models based on topic signature translations. The new smoothing method is evaluated on TREC 2004/05 Genomics Track collections and significant improvements are obtained. The MAP (mean average precision) achieves a 33.6% maximal gain over the simple language model, as well as a 7.8% gain over the language model with context-insensitive semantic smoothing.
Reading the prophets prophetically in Coleridge's Confessions

Through particular attention to Coleridge's metaphors for the Bible, this essay argues that in the Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit Coleridge develops a notion of reading the Bible as a prophetic creation of meaning. This notion of prophetic reading complicates accounts – represented here by Tilottama Rajan and Jerome McGann – claiming that the meaning of a text, for Coleridge, is determined by historical processes. At the same time, however, Coleridge is also careful to set parameters around the subjective reading he proposes, and the meaning that arises is not of a doctrinal or historical‐critical nature. Freed from the need to search for articles of faith, the reader of the Bible reads to search for personal, privately meaningful experiences – much as one reads secular literature. For Coleridge, this does not diminish but rather increases the universal authority and truthfulness of the Bible: the reader's experiences, similar in kind to the prophet's, bear more powerful witness of the supreme authori...
Apparent Movement of Successively Generated Subjective Figures

In the present studies a pair of random-dot frames was constructed so that two areas in the first frame (f1) were correlated with two areas in the second frame (f2). The alternation of the pair of frames (an f1--f2 sequence) gave rise to two subjective figures. When two pairs of randomdot frames (an f1--f2 sequence and an f3--f4 sequence), each of which produced two subjective figures in different locations, were thmeselves alternated, the subjective figures from the f1--f2 sequence interacted with the subjective figures from the f3--f4 sequence to produce apparent movement. With any one of the four general kinds of displays which we constructed, subjects usually perceived only one of two types of subjective-figure movement. The type of movement that was perceived with a given display depended primarily upon the degree of change (across the interval between an f1--f2 and an f3--f4 sequence) of the internal structure of the successively generated subjective figures. Relative intensity differences between the subjective figures and their backgrounds influenced the type of apparent movement seen, whereas variations in the density of elements in a display did not. We tentatively propose a two-stage model to explain the apparent movement of the subjective figures: the first stage is assumed to generate the subjective figures by means of a cross-correlation of the intensity distributions of the two frames within an f1--f2 sequence and within an f3--f4 sequence; on the basis of inputs from the first stage, the second stage generates apparent movement signals for the subjective figures.
Neuropathic Beriberi and Carbamazepine

Excerpt To the Editor:Chronic neuropathic beriberi is a painful and persistent form of nerve dysfunction affecting 1 in 30 persons with beriberi. In the United States, most cases are seen in immigr...
Conformational Dynamics in the Transport Cycle of Leucine Transporter on the Extracellular-Side

LeuT is a bacterial homolog of the Neurotransporter:Sodium Symporters (NSS) which mediates the sodium dependent re-uptake of neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft thereby terminating neuronal transmission. LeuT has been crystallized bound with various amino acids (leucine, glycine, methionine, tyrosine and tryptophan), tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), and selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Although these structures reveal molecular details of ion/substrate binding and inhibition, the conformational dynamics underlying a complete transport cycle have yet to be elucidated. Computational modeling studies have led to a proposal of a rocking bundle mechanism that is based on the inherent inverted pseudo-symmetry between TM1-5 and TM6-10. According to this model, TM1, 2, 6, and 7 form a bundle that tilts with respect to other surrounding helices and results in closing and opening of cytoplasmic and extracellular molecular gates. We are investigating the conformational changes of transmembrane helices predicted to move at different stages of the transport cycle by measuring distances between spin labels. Monitoring these dynamics should provide insights into molecular interactions that govern the extracellular gating of the transporter during the transport process. Our results show that the bundle does not behave as a single rigid body structural unit as previously proposed. Some TM helices show a distinct increase in conformational flexibility as observed from the width of distance distributions, whereas others show a change in the equilibrium between different conformational intermediates in response to ion and or substrate binding. We are also analyzing these conformational changes with respect to the crystal structure through geometric optimization in order to consolidate distance changes into a model of the sodium bound intermediate.
Moving towards relationship‐based practices in a crisis nursery setting

Recent theory and research suggest that effective services for children and families should take a relationship‐based perspective, with an emphasis on parent–child relationships as the central context for children’s development. This may be especially hard to achieve in agencies such as crisis nurseries, where interactions with families and children may be primarily short‐term and crisis‐oriented. This article describes the 18‐month ‘Relationships Project’, developed and implemented in one crisis nursery to infuse relationship‐based understandings and practices into its two service areas, crisis child care services and family services. The project drew upon an existing relationship‐based model to make the vision of a relationship‐based organisation obvious and learnable, and to use underlying principles as organisers for achieving cohesiveness in knowledge and in practice. The article describes this change process, perspectives of participants and lessons learned.
Surface diffusive motion in a periodic and asymmetric potential.

9,10-Dithioanthracene adsorbed on Cu(111) diffuses exclusively along the high-symmetry axis of the molecule−substrate system. Further reduction of the symmetry of the system by asymmetric methylation does not reduce the symmetry of the motion although it has a substantial effect on the diffusion rate (100-fold reduction) and renders the diffusion barrier asymmetric. This is in contrast to the behavior expected of a classical particle, and it provides a direct single-molecule-scale vista on the validity of The Principle of Microscopic Reversibility first formulated by Tolman in 1924, which despite its fundamental role has attracted little visualization.
Flight of the Raven: A Retrospective on the Scholarship of G. R. Thompson

I am honored to present this brief overview of the scholarly career of G. R. Thompson, for the past four decades both our finest Poe critic and our foremost scholar of nineteenthcentury American narrative aesthetics. The undertaking is a formidable one, though, made daunting by the breadth and influence of his achievements and by my desire to dojustice to a dear friend, beloved by his students and colleagues, whose decency, kindness, and generosity of spirit have been legendary in the profession. Ishmael took six hundred pages to explain a whale, while simultaneously confessing that he could not. I will take considerably fewer pages to describe the work of a figurative whale. Like Ishmael, I’m doomed to fail, but as he bravely and succinctly put it, I will try. Dick Thompson first rose to prominence for his work on Edgar Allan Poe. In 1968, at the age of thirty and in only his second year as an assis tant professor at Washington State University, he founded the Poe Newskttto; which soon evolved into Poe Studies. He served as editor and then coeditor until 1979, and remains a member of the editorial board to this day. From its inception, the journal played a central role in promoting scholarship on Poe, attracting submissions from established scholars and giving many young professors who would one day become leading literary critics an early opportunity to publish. Poe Studies created a dynamic discourse community devoted to the author, as essays and notes in the journal often responded to each other, establishing exciting and productive dialogues about Poe’s work at a time when he, although nominally canonized, was still viewed as something of a hack in many quarters of the Modern Language Association. While Dick was engineering the birth and growth of the journal, his own scholarship on Poe was appearing in such venues as PMLA, A m e r i c a n Literature, Studies in Short Fiction, and Poe Studies itself. He also made his presence felt in the pages of Amen’can Literary Scholamhip, writing the “Themes, Topics, and Criticism” review chapter from 1969 to 1971, and then the Poe review chapter in 1972-74 and 1980. In addition, in 1970 he edited Harper’s Great Short Works of Edgar Allan Poe, with a revised version in 1974, a collection that has been continuously reissued and in print ever since and that is regularly assigned in high schools and colleges. This phase of Dick’s career culminated in his first authored book, PoeS Fiction: Romantic Irony in the Gothic Tales (1973), which was nominated for the Modern Language Association’s James Russell Lowell Prize. The influence and significance of PoeS Fiction cannot be overstated, for it appeared at a time when Poe scholarship was mired in a quandary. As Dick diagnosed it:
Stability and performance of CDRL-FEL

Abstract We study the performance of a proposed infrared free electron laser at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, which would be a user facility and therefore has a unique set of requirements in intensity, spectrum and stability. The output performance in intensity and spectrum, and methods to optimize the performance, are studied in detail. The effect of the electron beam fluctuation on FEL stability is carefully evaluated to set a tolerance for the accelerator design. Use of intracavity gratings is studied as a means of further improving the spectral purity and stability.
Variationally induced breathing equations of state of pyrope, grossular, and majorite garnets

We have completed the first non-empirical fully optimized calculations of the equations of state for pyrope, grossular, and MgSiO3 majorite garnets. The static Gibbs free energy of the 160-atom unit cell was minimized relative to all 27 structural parameters for the tetragonal structure. Zero point vibration and thermal effects were estimated with a Debye-like model and Debye temperatures obtained from the equations of state. Calculated zero-pressure densities differ from experimental values by less than 1%, while the bulk-moduli are systematically larger than those obtained spectroscopically. Nevertheless, the calculations strongly support experimental evidence that the bulk modulus of MgSiO3 majorite is close to that of pyrope and further indicate that its (∂KT/∂P)o is not distinctly larger than that of other silicate garnets. If these properties are close to those of real majorite, the steep gradient of the bulk modulus in the transition zone is at best marginally consistent with a Iherzolitic composition.
Measuring projection tachistoscope shutter characteristics

Projection tachistoscopes have shutters that control the presentation of stimuli. Shutter characteristics such as opening times, closing times, and mechanical reliability are important factors in applications of these tachistoscopes. The device described in this report allows the operating characteristics of shutters used in projection tachistoscopes to be evaluated. The use of the device is illustrated by measurements of three commercially available tachistoscope shutters. Each shutter was characterized by five parameters: opening and closing speeds, the lag between shutter activation and operation, the briefest stimulus presentation that the shutter allowed, and the shutter’s ability to repeat exposure durations accurately.
Of aging mice and men.

![Figure][1] CREDIT: JOE SUTLIFF Liu et al. (Report, “Augmented Wnt signaling in a mammalian model of accelerated aging,” 10 August, p. [803][2]) have elegantly shown how alterations in Wnt signals contribute to the suffering of klotho-deficient mice, but not every sick little rodent is
Microstructure Evolution during Friction Stir Welding of Mill-Annealed Ti-6Al-4V

In this study, mill-annealed Ti-6Al-4V plates were successfully friction stir welded over a wide range of processing parameters using a tungsten-1 pct La2O3 tool. Two K-type thermocouples embedded in the tool indicated that approximately 25 pct of the heat generated during welding was transferred out of the workpiece and into the tool. The thermocouple data, combined with observations of the microstructure, indicated that the stir zone of all welds exceeded the β transus. The microstructure and texture of two representative welds made just above and high above the β transus were investigated with scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The β phase orientations were reconstructed with a fully automated technique from the as-collected α phase data through knowledge of the Burgers orientation relationship. The results suggest that the fine β grains in the stir zone are formed from the base material ahead of the advancing tool by dissolution of secondary and primary α phase, and there is no further recrystallization. These grains subsequently deform by slip and rotate toward the orientations that are most stable with respect to the shear deformation induced by the tool. In the highest temperature weld, diffusion tool wear in the form of periodically spaced bands provided an internal marker of the tool/workpiece interface during welding. The flow patterns evident within the tungsten-enriched bands suggest that flow is considerably more chaotic on the advancing side than in the central stir zone.
The effect of the route of nutrient delivery on gut structure and diamine oxidase levels.

Diamine oxidase (DAO) is an intestinal mucosal enzyme which serves as a marker of cellular maturity and integrity in ontogeny and after mucosal injury in the gastrointestinal tract. Since total parenteral nutrition is known to result in intestinal hypoplasia, this study was done to determine the effect of enteral and parenteral delivery of nutrients on gut structure and DAO levels. Central venous catheters were placed in 27 Sprague-Dawley rats (180-260 g), which received nutrients for 12 days via parenteral nutrition (GpI n = 10), oral intake of the parenteral solution (GpII n = 8), or standard rat chow (GpIII n = 9). Gross and microscopic measurements were made at sacrifice. Mucosal DAO levels were determined by metabolism of [3H] putrescine. Group III animals had a greater caloric intake than groups I and II, and were the only group with a significant increase in body weight. Gut weight, mucosal weight, and villous height were significantly less in group I vs groups II and III; group II values were less...
Expression of a soluble transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) receptor reduces tumorigenicity by regulating natural killer (NK) cell activity against 9L gliosarcoma in vivo

Immunotherapy of gliomas has been forwarded as an attractive alternative to standard therapeutic modalities. Numerous observations indicate some therapeutic efficacy with this approach, but it is not curative in most reports. It is well established that gliomas suppress immune reactivity via a number of mechanisms, including expression CD95 ligand (CD95L), which induces apoptosis of immune effector cells, and secretion of immunosuppressive factors such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ). It has been hypothesized that abrogation of production or function of TGFβ would improve immune reactivity to gliomas. To investigate this in a fashion that is translatable into clinical practice, we utilized a retroviral vector encoding a truncated, soluble form of the Type II receptor for TGFβ (TFGβsr) and expressed it in the rat 9L gliosarcoma line (9L-TGFβsr). We then determined whether expression of TGFβsr affectedin vitro sensitivity of 9L to lysis by immune effector cells, whether expression of TGFβsr affected tumorigenesis of 9Lin vivo, and whether TGFβsr affected expression of immunity to 9L. In these experiments, we determined that 9L-TGFβsr was more susceptible than sham transfected 9L (9L-neo) to lysis by natural killer (NK) cells. We also determined that subcutaneously implanted 9L-TGFβsr was less tumorigenic than 9L-neo in syngeneic rats. Similarly, survival was extended by ∼40% in rats given intracranial 9L-TGFβsr compared to 9L-neo. Finally, we determined that elimination of CD161+ cells resulted in comparable growth of 9L-neo and 9L-TGFβsrin vivo, indicating that NK or NK-like cells were responsible for the anti-tumor effects in this model.
Clonal growth of cells taken directly from adult rabbits.

Single cell suspensions were prepared from the choroids of adult rabbit eyes using Pronase digestion, gentle pipetting and centrifugation. When diluted and inoculated into medium F12 supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum and 10% rabbit serum, the choroid cell suspensions yielded large, healthy colonies with an average plating efficiency of about 45%. The growth in culture of a large portion of the cells from a normal non-embryonic tissue opens new possibilities for the study of cellular differentiation in vitro.
In Vitro Steroid Metabolic Studies in Testicular 17β-Reduction Deficiency

In order to document testicular 17β-reduction deficiency (17RD) and to search for additional metabolic aberrations possibly associated with this disorder, the metabolism of 14C-labeled pregnenolone (Δ5P), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (170HP), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione (A), testosterone (T) and estrone (E1) was studied in testicular minces from a 46-year-old male pseudohermaphrodite (MPH) with highly elevated testicular A and minimal T secretion but normal extragonadal conversion of A to T. Testicular minces from a 20-year-old MPH with apparently normal testicular T biosynthesis served as a control. The results of this investigation show that the 17RD testes metabolized Δ5P along Δ5- and Δ4-pathways but, in contrast to the control, converted more 17OHP, metabolizing it predominantly to A rather than T, failed to reduce DHEA to androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol, metabolized DHEA very efficiently to A and produced little T, and converted only minimal quantities of A and E1 to their 17β-reduced counter...
Pancreatitis secondary to hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy.

Abstract Background: It has been suggested that magnesium can be used to reduce serum calcium levels seen with hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy, thus reducing maternal and fetal risk. Case: A young woman presented at 32 weeks’ gestation with abdominal pain from pancreatitis caused by hyperparathyroidism from a parathyroid adenoma. She was started on magnesium sulfate tocolysis for preterm labor. During treatment, serum parathyroid hormone was undetectable, but serum calcium and vitamin D-1,25 were elevated. When magnesium was discontinued, her vitamin D-1,25 was suppressed and the parathyroid hormone was elevated. Conclusion: For some patients, because of persistent hypercalcemia, magnesium sulfate might not be a viable treatment option for hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy.
Three-dimensional self-assembled photonic crystals with high temperature stability for thermal emission modification

Photonic crystal structures can be used to control the spectral distribution of thermal emission. Here, Arpin et al. demonstrate three-dimensional tungsten and hafnium diboride photonic crystals to control high-temperature thermal emission for solar thermophotovoltaic energy devices.
Best Practices for Surgically Implanting Acoustic Transmitters in Spotted Seatrout

AbstractTechnological advances have made acoustic tracking of fish an effective means to collect unprecedented migration data. However, one must ensure that fish survive the surgical implantation and retain transmitters, and that their health and behavior are not adversely affected. We performed a laboratory study to examine the most effective surgery technique and suture material for implanting acoustic transmitters into Spotted Seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus. Six treatment groups were used to investigate two ventral incision locations (midline and off-midline) and three suture materials (braid, monofilament, and staples). Overall survival was high for all fish undergoing surgery (75% for surgical controls, and 74% for surgically implanted fish), suggesting that acoustic transmitter implantation can be very successful for Spotted Seatrout. However, female fish had significantly higher survival (85.7%) than male fish (41.2%). Surgery time ranged from 73 to 270 s, and our results suggest that for every secon...
PS1 activates PI3K thus inhibiting GSK‐3 activity and tau overphosphorylation: effects of FAD mutations

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) promotes cell survival and communication by activating its downstream effector Akt kinase. Here we show that PS1, a protein involved in familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD), promotes cell survival by activating the PI3K/Akt cell survival signaling. This function of PS1 is unaffected by γ-secretase inhibitors. Pharmacological and genetic evidence indicates that PS1 acts upstream of Akt, at or before PI3K kinase. PS1 forms complexes with the p85 subunit of PI3K and promotes cadherin/PI3K association. Furthermore, conditions that inhibit this association prevent the PS1-induced PI3K/Akt activation, indicating that PS1 stimulates PI3K/Akt signaling by promoting cadherin/PI3K association. By activating PI3K/Akt signaling, PS1 promotes phosphorylation/inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), suppresses GSK-3-dependent phosphorylation of tau at residues overphosphorylated in AD and prevents apoptosis of confluent cells. PS1 FAD mutations inhibit the PS1-dependent PI3K/Akt activation, thus promoting GSK-3 activity and tau overphosphorylation at AD-related residues. Our data raise the possibility that PS1 may prevent development of AD pathology by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. In contrast, FAD mutations may promote AD pathology by inhibiting this pathway.
Synaptic responses produced in lobster abdominal postural motor neurons by mechanical stimulation of the swimmeret

1. Intracellular recordings were obtained from the somata of identified abdominal postural motor neurons in lobster to examine their subthreshold and suprathreshold responses to tactile stimulation of the swimmeret. 2. Pressure stimulation of the swimmeret surface evoked abdominal extension by producing tonic spiking in the extensor excitors and the synergistic flexor inhibitor (f5) and hyperpolarizing responses in the extensor inhibitor and antagonistic flexor excitors. These responses often continued for several seconds following the termination of the stimulus. The receptive fields of these motor responses extended over most of the swimmeret surface. 3. More localized tactile stimulation of the swimmeret surface elicited EPSPs in f5 and the extensor excitors, and IPSPs in the flexor excitors. The amplitude of these synaptic potentials decreased as the stimulus intensity was reduced. 4. Stimulation of feathered hair (both sexes) and smooth hair (female only) sensilla produced responses characteristic of extension whereas bristly spines on the male accessory lobe excited only two flexor excitors without affecting any of the other postural motor neurons. 5. Summed synaptic responses recorded from the motor neurons differed in their amplitudes and latencies according to the type of mechanoreceptor stimulated — cuticular receptors, feathered hairs or smooth hairs. Stimulation of the swimmeret cuticle produced the strongest responses (shortest latency, largest amplitude), while feathered hair stimulation initiated the weakest responses (longest latency, smallest amplitude). 6. The relatively long latencies (>35 ms) and the complex form of the EPSPs and IPSPs indicate the involvement of multisynaptic interneuronal pathways in the reflex arcs.
Contributions to the History of Psychology: LXII. Carl Rogers' Naturalistic System of Ethics:

This essay is an historical contribution to the current interest in values in the social sciences. It describes the humanistic system of ethics espoused by Carl Rogers (1902–1987) that in the 1960s fueled the establishment of a “third force” or humanistic movement in American psychology. This essay includes a biographical sketch of Rogers' views on values and examines how his belief in naturalism in ethics relates to his view on human nature. More specifically, it discusses the values implied in Rogerian client-centered therapy. It describes the values of the “fully functioning” person and deals with the concepts of authenticity and organismic awareness.
Natural and viable model with one 17 keV Majorana neutrino

Abstract A model with three Majorana neutrinos of mass ∼0, 17 keV and 200–250 keV is described, which is cosmologically safe and naturally consistent with the absence of observed neutrinoless double beta decay and neutrino oscillations.
The three-dimensional structure of canine parvovirus and its functional implications

The three-dimensional atomic structure of a single-stranded DNA virus has been determined. Infectious virions of canine parvovirus contain 60 protein subunits that are predominantly VP-2. The central structural motif of VP-2 has the same topology (an eight-stranded antiparallel beta barrel) as has been found in many other icosahedral viruses but represents only about one-third of the capsid protein. There is a 22 angstrom (A) long protrusion on the threefold axes, a 15 A deep canyon circulating about each of the five cylindrical structures at the fivefold axes, and a 15 A deep depression at the twofold axes. By analogy with rhinoviruses, the canyon may be the site of receptor attachment. Residues related to the antigenic properties of the virus are found on the threefold protrusions. Some of the amino termini of VP-2 run to the exterior in full but not empty virions, which is consistent with the observation that some VP-2 polypeptides in full particles can be cleaved by trypsin. Eleven nucleotides are seen in each of 60 symmetry-related pockets on the interior surface of the capsid and together account for 13 percent of the genome.
Heterosexual Anal Sex Reported by Women Receiving HIV Prevention Services in Los Angeles County

Abstract Background This study examined reported heterosexual receptive anal intercourse (HRAI) in a sample of women recruited from HIV prevention providers in Los Angeles County. Methods The majority of women surveyed were Latina and the modal age was 19 years. Women reporting HRAI were more likely to use both injected and non injected drugs and to have sexual partners who injected drugs. Results Factors associated with HRAI in a multivariate regression model included use of methamphetamine; use of alcohol before, during, or after sex; and use of dental services at the interview agency. Factors inversely associated with heterosexual anal sex were being African American (compared with Latina) and endorsing the use of condoms for episodes of vaginal sex from start to finish. Conclusion HIV prevention providers in Los Angeles County should be aware of the need for basic prevention messages concerning condom use and injection behavior in young Latina women.
Models with a porpoise

Fontaine et al. provide insight into the structure of a geographically disjunct population on a severe downtrend (1). To understand these data, they turned to a Bayesian statistical approach, providing the mathematical base for changing existing beliefs in light of new evidence. Their hybrid simulation/genomic analysis is one of the latest demonstrations that increasing cross-fertilization between bioinformatics and evolutionary biology is as simple as “ABC”—approximate Bayesian computation.
Explicit Formulas for the Szego Kernel on Certain Weakly Pseudoconvex Domains

The objective of this paper is to determine the Szeg6 kernel of the domain ? = {(z, C, w) e Cn+m+l; ?mw > IIZ112 + IIC1I2P} explicitly in closed form. The purpose of this paper is to determine the Szego kernel explicitly for a new class of weakly pseudoconvex domains. This class of domains is given by 9 = {(z, 4, W) E Cn+m+1; amw > 11z112+ 1I 41i2Cp} in the complex space Cn+m+l. Here z E Cn, 4 E Cm, W E C, n and m are integers, n > 0, m > 1, and p is any positive number. We use the notation 1z112 = z.z = En Izj12 and 114 12P (4'. 4)p = (Em1 I 4 112)P The unbounded domain 2 is weakly pseudoconvex with degenerate Levi form whenever p > 1. Furthermore the domain 2 is not "decoupled" when m > 1. The definition of decoupled domains can be found, for example, in [Mc]. Decoupled domains were considered recently, for example, by [DT], [Mc]. There are relatively few classes of domains with smooth boundary where the Szego kernel is explicitly known in closed form. We consider here a class of weakly pseudoconvex domains with smooth boundary. In partTcular, we do not assume that the defining function is decoupled. The authors believe that this is one of the few examples of such domains where the Szego kernel is computed explicitly. See also the work of Christ [C]. Recent interest in explicit formulas for the Szego and Bergman kernels is motivated by the surprising effectiveness of these formulas. We illustrate this point by two cases. The striking discovery of Christ and Geller [CG] that the Szego kernel of certain weakly pseudoconvex domains is not analytic off the diagonal was derived from Nagel's [N] explicit formula. In [M2], an explicit formula allowed Machedon to test if the Szego kernel is a singular integral with respect to a certain nonisotropic metric. Received by the editors March 31, 1994. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 32A25, 32H10.
Human Intention Modeling and Interactive Computer Vision

For many years, computer vision and robotics researchers have worked hard chasing the illusive goals such as "can the robot find a boy in the scene" or "can your vision system automatically segment the cat from the background". These tasks require a lot of prior knowledge and contextual information, and perhaps more importantly, understanding of human intention. How to model human intention into vision and robotic systems is, however, very challenging and can only be solved through human-computer interaction. In this talk, we propose that many difficult vision tasks can be solved with interactive vision systems, by combining powerful and real-time vision techniques with intuitive and clever user interfaces. We will show two interactive vision systems we developed recently, Lazy Snapping (Siggraph 2004) and Image Completion (Siggraph 2005). Lazy Snapping cuts out an object from a picture using graph cut, while Image Completion recovers unknown region in a picture with belief propagation. A key element in designing such interactive systems is how we model the user's intention using conditional probability (context) and likelihood associated with user interactions. Given how ill-posed most image understanding problems are, it is proposed that interactive computer vision is the paradigm we should focus today's vision research on where the key is the understanding and modeling of human intention.
A note on maximum likelihood estimation for covariance reducing models

Abstract Cook and Forzani (2008) proposed covariance reducing models as a method for modeling the differences among k covariance matrices. The model was developed via a property of a conditional distribution for the sample covariance matrices and this conditional distribution was used to obtain maximum likelihood estimators. In this work, we show that the same maximum likelihood estimators can be obtained using the unconditional distribution of the sample covariance matrices along with a condition on the population covariance matrices that holds if and only if the covariance reducing model holds. In addition, it is shown that when k = 2 , specialized numerical methods are not needed to compute the maximum likelihood estimators.
Patient-Reported Outcomes and Their Predictors at Minimum 10 Years After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review of Prospectively Collected Data.

Background:Long-term results after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction are being reported with greater frequency, allowing a detailed analysis of long-term patient-reported outcomes and...
Boyd Group Electronegativity Influence on the Parr Global Electrophilicity of Vilsmeier Reagent‐Derived Imidates: New Insights toward Improving Mitsunobu Chemistry

Reactivities of 19 methylated imidate analogs were examined using B3LYP and M06-2X DFT methods. The resulting HOMO and LUMO energies of each optimized structure were used to calculate corresponding Parr global electrophilicity (ω) values. When the resulting quantities were compared against Boyd group electronegativity (XG) values, a clear correlation was observed, suggesting that electron-withdrawing effects influence the reactivity of imidates. These findings represent an important first step in developing a novel method toward improving traditional Mitsunobu functionalization reactions.
Vibrational Analysis of a Stearic Acid Adlayer Adsorbed on a Silver Flake Substrate

A surface vibrational study of a stearic acid/silver (Ag) flake system is reported. The chemical nature of this interfacial system was examined with surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as a function of sample temperature. The SERS spectrum from the room temperature flake exhibited vibrational peaks that were attributed to a carboxylate species bound to the Ag substrate through the oxygen atoms in the terminal end group. The surface species remained stable to temperatures up to 150 °C, above which a partial decomposition to an amorphous carbon layer was observed. In addition to the Raman studies, an IR‐visible sum‐frequency (SFG) measurement from a stearic acid/smooth Ag substrate proved a useful probe of the C‐H stretches in the terminal methyl group of the molecule. The SFG signal from the asymmetric C‐H stretch in the methyl group exhibited a temperature dependence that was similar to the SERS response from the surface carboxylate group, namely, a marked and irreversible decrease in signal levels for temperatures above 150 °C.
Human-centered multimedia: representations and challenges

Human has always been a part of the computational loop. So, what do we mean by human-centered computing (HCC)? aren't humans always the focus of computations some how? The goal of this paper is to help answer this question within the context of multimedia applilations. So, what do we mean by human-centered multimedia systems. We discuss some issues and challenges facing developing real humancentered multimedia applications.
Noise Propagation in Gene Networks

Accurately predicting noise propagation in gene networks is crucial for understanding signal fidelity in natural networks and designing noise-tolerant gene circuits. To quantify how noise propagates through gene networks, we measured expression correlations between genes in single cells. We found that noise in a gene was determined by its intrinsic fluctuations, transmitted noise from upstream genes, and global noise affecting all genes. A model was developed that explains the complex behavior exhibited by the correlations and reveals the dominant noise sources. The model successfully predicts the correlations as the network is systematically perturbed. This approach provides a step toward understanding and manipulating noise propagation in more complex gene networks.
Features of a reattaching turbulent shear layer in divergent channel flow

Experimental data have been obtained in an incompressible turbulent flow over a rearward-facing step in a diverging channel flow. Mean velocities, Reynolds stresses, and triple products that were measured by a laser Doppler velocimeter are presented for two cases of tunnel wall divergence. Eddy viscosities, production, convection, turbulent diffusion, and dissipation (balance of kinetic energy equation) terms are extracted from the data. These data are compared with various eddy-viscosity turbulence models. Numerical calculations incorporating the k-epsilon and algebraic-stress turbulence models are compared with the data. When determining quantities of engineering interest, the modified algebraic-stress model (ASM) is a significant improvement over the unmodified ASM and the unmodified k-epsilon model; however, like the others, it dramatically overpredicts the experimentally determined dissipation rate.
Assessment of Pulsed-Dye Laser Therapy for Pediatric Cutaneous Vascular Anomalies

ImportanceAlthough facial vascular malformations are often treated by facial plastic surgeons, no reliable validated assessment tool exists for surgeons to assess results. ObjectivesTo use our asse...
How to reduce power in 3D IC designs: A case study with OpenSPARC T2 core

Low power is considered by many as the driving force for 3D ICs, yet there have been few thorough design studies on how to reduce power in 3D ICs. In this paper, we discuss design methodologies to reduce power consumption in 3D IC designs using a commercial-grade CPU core (OpenSPARC T2 core). To demonstrate power benefits in 3D ICs, four design techniques are explored: (1) 3D floorplanning, (2) metal layer usage control for intra-block-level routing, (3) dual-Vth design, and (4) functional unit block (FUB) folding. With aforementioned methods combined, our 2-tier 3D designs provide up to 52.3% reduced footprint, 25.5% shorter wirelength, 30.2% decreased buffer cell count, and 21.2% power reduction over the 2D counterpart under the same performance.
Collaborative Decision Making: A Connectionist Paradigm for Dialectical Support

The facilitation and analytical support of argumentation-based collaborative decision making is the focus of this research. We model collaborative decision making as an argumentation process. We develop a connectionist modeling framework, a network representation formalism for argument structures, connectionist network mechanisms, and their models of computations to extract the behavior of argument structures. We use two examples from the case study literature to illustrate the concepts. Several interesting properties of the connectionist network models are observed from our computational results. We find that although the length of the computation is affected by parametric values, the final activation levels of the units are largely unaffected. We observe that the initial activation levels of the defeasible units seem to have no effect on their final activation levels. The proposed modeling approach generates valuable insights into the characteristics of specific argumentative discussions. While the intention of this work is not to introduce the connectionist paradigm as a means to bring arguments to a closure (resolution), we show that certain resolution mechanisms can be easily implemented under the connectionist framework.
Spectrophotometric studies on intact muscle. II. Recovery from contractile activity.

The kinetics of the mitochondrial respiratory chain of intact muscle and the concomitant changes of the intercellular pH were investigated. Addition of lactate and pyruvate under resting conditions produces reductions of DPN and cytochrome b, and, occasionally, of cytochrome c and flavoprotein. Succinate gives similar but smaller changes. In recently excised muscles moderate contractile activity produces a reduction of cytochrome c and oxidations of DPNH, cytochrome b, and sometimes of the flavoproteins. Tetanic contractions and larger numbers of twitches produce reductions of DPN and of cytochromes b and c. In sartorii of the tropical toad, stored for approximately 2 days at 0–3°C, contractile activity always gives rise to long lasting oxidations of DPNH and cytochrome b. Addition of pyruvate or lactate shortens these oxidation cycles with a concomitant reduction of cytochrome c. These responses to contractions agree with those of mitochondria isolated from leg muscles of the toad upon the addition of ADP. Apparently the mitochondria in resting, excised muscles are not supplied with an excess of substrate. Measurements on the intercellular pH showed that even limited activity ( < 5 twitches) initiates glycolysis. The primary control of respiration resides, nevertheless, in the ADP concentration, rather than in the levels of substrate or inorganic phosphate. The results are quantitatively consistent with the view that ATP is the primary energy donor for muscular contraction.
Symbolic Significance of Initials on Longevity

The longevities of deceased major league baseball players who died prior to 1950 (N = 3,835) and whose initials formed acronyms, words, or names with “positive” or “negative” affect, as rated a priori by two judges, were compared with those for a group of neutral controls matched for birth year and career length, using the Berkeley standardized mortality tables. Players (n = 11) with positive initials, e.g., A.C.E., lived a mean of 13 years longer than players (n = 30) with negative initials, e.g., D.E.D., or players with neutral initials (n = 864). These results corroborated a previous study and suggest positive name symbols are associated with increased longevity in this sample.
Nonlinear feedback control on single-species chaotic model with harvesting coefficient

In allusion to a class of single-species differential model with harvesting coefficient, chaotic phenomena are validated from numerical value by applying the Lyapunov exponent method. By applying nonlinear feedback control principle, a nonlinear feedback controller is designed to eliminate population chaotic phenomenon and make population stabilize in the trajectory of period-2. Simulation results show the correctness of conclusions.
Performance, uniformity, and yield of 850-nm VCSELs deposited by MOVPE

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) emitting near 850 nm and fabricated with the metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) epitaxial growth technique and a planar proton implant process have been demonstrated with excellent performance, uniformity, and yield across a 3-in wafer. Four thousand lasers were tested on a three-inch-diameter wafer, with a yield of 99.8%. This translates into a yield of 94% for fully functional 34/spl times/1 arrays. The average threshold current, threshold voltage, and dynamic resistance at 10 mA operating current were 3.07 mA, 1.59 V, and 34 ohms, respectively. Uniformity of better than /spl plusmn/9% in threshold current, /spl plusmn/1% in threshold voltage, and /spl plusmn/1.5% in maximum optical output power across a 34-element array was demonstrated.